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Manderson, Desmond. "HLA Hart, Lon Fuller and the Ghosts of Legal Interpretation." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 28, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v28i1.4491.
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Henry James’ short novel The Turn of the Screw appeared in 1898. It is a ghost story, uncanny both in content and in form. It relates such uneventful events that the reader is left turning from interpretation to interpretation, trying to determine just what is going on. Yet like the ghosts themselves, wherever we look, there is nothing to see. Until the very last sentence of the book, which hits one like a fist, nothing happens, nothing is proved, and yet a palpable feeling of tension and anxiety builds. It is therefore not fanciful to suggest that the real power of the story lies not in its narrative but in its rhetoric. The book creates a mood of anxiety that infects the reader’s reading. This is what one might call the ‘performative’ dimension of the story. James’ tale constitutes a reader, alert but confused, who thereby experiences the feeling of being part of a ghost story rather than merely reading about one. Sixty years later, HLA Hart and Lon Fuller likewise do not merely describe two different approaches to legal interpretation: in their style, rhetoric and structure they perform these approaches. This essay similarly wishes to connect its argument with its form and for this reason I have chosen to devote considerable space to discussing a work of literature. The Turn of the Screw illuminates certain essential features of the Hart/Fuller debate. Both are tales about law, interpretation, and ghosts. Through James, this essay argues that the debate between Hart and Fuller epitomizes legal interpretation as haunted. Rhetorically, they present two largely incommensurable visions of law. Yet their efforts to exclude the other’s approach fails. But instead of choosing between Hart and Fuller we can gain a richer understanding of legal interpretation if we treat their performance as mutual and interactive. I do not mean that Hart and Fuller can in any way be reconciled through compromise or synthesis. I mean rather that each remains ‘haunted’, and therefore productively unsettled, by the perspective of the other. To be haunted is never to be comfortable with one’s judgment or knowledge, never at peace. This may be ‘a horror’ in a story, but necessary in a legal system.Le court roman de Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, est paru en 1898. C’est une histoire de fantômes, étrange à la fois par son contenu et par sa forme. Il raconte des événements si peu mouvementés que le lecteur se voit passer d’interprétation à interprétation, essayant de déterminer exactement ce qui se passe. Pourtant, comme pour les fantômes eux-mêmes, où que nous regardions, il n’y a rien à voir. Jusqu’à la toute dernière phrase du livre, qui frappe comme un coup de poing, rien ne se passe, rien n’est prouvé, et pourtant un sentiment palpable de tension et d’anxiété s’accumule. Ce n’est donc pas de l’imaginaire que de suggérer que la puissance réelle du récit se situe non dans sa narration mais dans sa rhétorique. Le livre crée une atmosphère d’anxiété qui imprègne la lecture du lecteur. C’est ce que l’on pourrait appeler la dimension «performative» du récit. Le conte de James constitue un lecteur, alerte mais confus, qui ressent ainsi qu’il fait partie d’une histoire de fantômes plutôt que de seulement en lire une à ce sujet. Soixante ans plus tard, HLA Hart et Lon Fuller de la même façon ne font pas simplement décrire deux approches différentes à l’interprétation juridique : de par leur style, leur rhétorique et leur structure, ils mettent en oeuvre ces approches. De façon semblable, cet article veut lier son argument à sa forme et c’est pour cela que j’ai choisi de consacrer considérablement de place à discuter une oeuvre littéraire. The Turn of the Screw illumine certains aspects essentiels du débat Hart/Fuller. Ce sont tous les deux des récits au sujet du droit, de l’interprétation et de fantômes. Par le biais de James, cet article soutient que le débat entre Hart et Fuller fait voir parfaitement que l’interprétation juridique est hantée. Du point de vue de la rhétorique, ils présentent deux visions du droit largement incommensurables. Pourtant leurs efforts d’exclure l’approche de l’autre échouent. Mais plutôt que de choisir entre Hart et Fuller, nous pouvons en arriver à une compréhension plus riche de l’interprétation juridique si nous traitons leur performance comme étant mutuelle et interactive. Je ne veux aucunement signifier que Hart et Fuller peuvent d’une façon ou d’une autre être réconciliés par compromis ou par synthèse. Je veux plutôt signifier que chacun d’eux demeure «hanté», et donc productivement irrésolu, par la perspective de l’autre. Être hanté, c’est ne jamais être à l’aise avec son jugement ou ses connaissances, jamais en paix. C’est peut-être «une horreur» dans un conte, mais c’est nécessaire dans un système juridique.
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Stephens, Māmari. "Māori Law and Hart: A Brief Analysis." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 32, no. 3 (August 4, 2001): 853. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v32i3.5869.
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This is an edited version of a seminar paper presented in the context of the LLB(Hons) programme. It provides a contemporary perspective of Maori law from the standpoint of HLA Hart's theory of the union of primary and secondary rules.
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MORSS, JOHN. "SOURCES OF DOUBT, SOURCES OF DUTY: HLA HART ON INTERNATIONAL LAW." Deakin Law Review 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2005): 698. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2005vol10no2art300.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>In many ways HLA Hart’s critical analysis of the concept of law, with its repudiation of simple command theories of legal obligation, is at the same time a critique of the notion of state sovereignty. It is therefore an adumbration, if no more, of a radical reconceptualisation of interna- tional law, one which redefines the distinction between municipal and in- ternational jurisdiction. This paper is an exploration of what Hart could or ‘should’ have said about international law, based as much as possible on what he did say about international law and law in general. After some introductory comments it outlines Hart’s general analysis of law, with particular reference to the relevance for our understanding of inter- national law.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
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Legarre, Santiago. "HLA Hart and the Making of the New Natural Law Theory." Jurisprudence 8, no. 1 (March 21, 2016): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20403313.2016.1148432.
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Aroney, Nicholas, and Jennifer Corrin. "Endemic revolution: HLA Hart, custom and the constitution of the Fiji Islands." Journal of Legal Pluralism and Unofficial Law 45, no. 3 (November 2013): 314–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07329113.2013.861725.
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Bennett, Mark. "Leaving the Hart-Fuller Debate and Reclaiming Fuller: Form, Agency, and Morality in Kristen Rundle's Forms Liberate." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 44, no. 3/4 (November 1, 2013): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v44i3/4.4990.
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Kristen Rundle's Forms Liberate: Reclaiming the Jurisprudence of Lon L Fuller provides an excellent analysis and re-interpretation of Fuller's legal theory. Its particular strengths are its comprehensive contextualisation of Fuller's famous arguments about the 'internal morality of law' within a wider project of 'eunomics' – the inquiry in the principles of good social order – and its reorientation of our view of Fuller's thought through his key idea of human agency. This review article sets out Rundle's main claims, and then challenges the argument that HLA Hart's responses to Fuller make him primarily responsible for the neglect and misunderstanding of Fuller's wider project in contemporary legal philosophy.
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Ammann, Odile. "How do and should domestic courts interpret international law? Insights from the jurisprudence of HLA Hart and Duncan Kennedy." Transnational Legal Theory 10, no. 3-4 (July 7, 2019): 385–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20414005.2019.1639355.
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McCoubrey, H. "The Concept of Law, by HLA Hart. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994, xii + 276 + (notes and index) 39pp (hardback £16.95)." Legal Studies 15, no. 2 (July 1995): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.1995.tb00064.x.
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Townsend, John, Christian Twigg-Flesner, and Chris Willmore. "Book Review: A Life of HLA Hart—The Nightmare and the Noble Dream, Contracting with Companies, Property and the Human Rights Act 1998." Common Law World Review 35, no. 1 (January 2006): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/clwr.2006.35.1.80.
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Simpson, AWB. "The Salmond Lecture." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 38, no. 4 (March 1, 2008): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v38i4.5548.
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In his lecture Professor Simpson places John Salmond's jurisprudential books, his First Principles of Jurisprudence and his Jurisprudence text book within both the context of the English text book tradition and the more specific context of the English tradition of the general jurisprudence book. Having pointed out that Salmond’s major text book was indeed written for students, Professor Simpson examines Salmond’s explanation of judicial reasoning and whether it can differentiated from other modes of thought. While ultimately Professor Simpson suggests that John Salmond's account of legal thought is not complete, he concludes that it can be favourably compared with other attempts to resolve the question. In particular, Professor Simpson contrasts John Salmond and his contemporaries’ efforts favourably with the efforts of the prominent Oxford legal philosopher HLA Hart. For his own part, Professor Simpson ultimately considers that perhaps there is not so much special about legal thinking when compared to other processes of rational decision making in everyday practical affairs.
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Puig Hernández, Marc-Abraham. "RESEÑA de: D’Almeida, Luís Duarte; Edwards, James y Dolcetti, Andrea (Eds.). Reading HLA Hart’s The Concept of Law. Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2013. 309 págs." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 19 (July 1, 2016): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.19.2016.18472.
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Cheneval, Francis, and Kalypso Nicolaidis. "The social construction of demoicracy in the European Union." European Journal of Political Theory 16, no. 2 (June 27, 2016): 235–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474885116654696.
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The Eurozone crisis has brought the imperative of democratic autonomy within the EU to the forefront, a concern at the core of demoicratic theory. The article seeks to move the scholarship on demoicratic theory a step further by exploring what we call the social construction of demoicratic reality. While the EU’s legal-institutional infrastructure may imperfectly approximate a demoicratic structure, we need ask to what extent the ‘bare bones’ demoicratic character of a polity can actually be grounded in a full-flesh social construct that is or could be acted out in the democratic experience and the self-awareness of its peoples. Ultimately, such an enquiry should help us understand whether a polity like the EU is actually and potentially a stable or unstable political form. We develop a consistent theory of popular sovereignty drawing on John Searle and HLA Hart to conceive the constitutionalised people ( dêmos) as a social fact and the sovereignty of the people as a status ascribed to the people. We use this construction of demoicratic reality as a conceptual framework to understand the possibility of popular sovereignty being exercised concurrently by several rather than just one dêmos.
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Gibbs, Nathan. "The nature of law as an interpretive practice and its associated modes of inquiry." Legal Studies 29, no. 4 (December 2009): 576–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2009.00139.x.
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The paper provides a critical survey of certain methodological debates in the field of legal philosophy in order to assess their implications for legal research in general. Underpinning this survey is a concern to establish the independence and integrity of both legal practice and legal research in the light of the risks posed by preponderant forms of instrumental rationality. Thus, Brian Leiter's recent call for a ‘naturalised’ jurisprudence is criticised for the instrumentalist basis upon which he claims to privilege forms of legal research apparently ‘continuous with’ the natural and empirical social sciences. As against Leiter, it is argued that there are in fact a range of distinct but interrelated modes of legal research. In this respect, the work of HLA Hart is interpreted as an example of a distinctively theoretical mode of inquiry into law. In addition, an account of the nature of a distinctively practical mode of legal inquiry is developed from a critique of Ronald Dworkin's excessively ‘theoretical’ reading of the interpretive character of legal practice. A constitutive practical feature of both modes of inquiry is their capacity to take up a certain distance from any exclusive concern with instrumental or pragmatic action.
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Eldridge, Lorren. "Gone and forgotten: Vinogradoff's historical jurisprudence." Legal Studies 41, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lst.2020.41.
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AbstractSir Paul Vinogradoff was once well known for his historically contextualised approach to legal theory which held that legal ideas were the contingent products of social factors. Law was necessarily engaged with other subjects, and ‘historical jurisprudence’ could produce real insight into the nature of law – in part by placing theories such as analytical jurisprudence in context, evaluating and modifying theoretical models by reference to the contingent social facts of an era. This was part of the nineteenth-century turn to ‘science’ in history and a focus on methodology. Sir Henry Maine argued that legal history proved the insufficiency of analytic theories, but his method met with many criticisms, some of which Vinogradoff sought to address. However, Vinogradoff's insights have rarely been pursued or developed, with legal history favouring Maitland's more doctrinal approach, and legal theory rejecting historical jurisprudence – at least explicitly. Despite its imperfections, historical jurisprudence offers a rich and valuable way to understand law, including to evaluate analytical models such of those of HLA Hart, and as a methodology for dialogue between comparative and historical legal scholarship. It has, in fact, continued to do so without explicit recognition in the 100 years since Vinogradoff's death.
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Shardimgaliev, Marat. "Common ground and grounds of law." Journal of Legal Philosophy 45, no. 1 (November 18, 2020): 2–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/jlp.2020.01.01.
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A central premise of Ronald Dworkin’s famous Argument from Theoretical Disagreement is that judges regularly disagree about the grounds of law. The occurrence of these so-called ‘theoretical disagreements’, it is argued, cannot be explained by the influential legal positivist theory of HLA Hart according to which the grounds of law are constituted by judicial consensus. However, in his attempt to show that theoretical disagreements actually exist Dworkin primarily relies on the occurrence of judicial disagreements about legal interpretation, as he takes them to be disagreements about the grounds of law. In this article, I will argue that these interpretive disagreements do not pose a problem for Hartian positivism. My argument will rely on standard work from the field of pragmatics which provides sophisticated explanations of how the interpretation of linguistic texts, such as legal documents, works. On the model that I will propose, interpretive disagreements concern the meaning that the legal authorities who enacted the document intended to get across and these disagreements arise from diverging assumptions about the context in which these documents were enacted. I will argue that disagreements about intentions and contextual presumptions do not concern the grounds of law and therefore do not threaten Hartian positivism.
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Tank, Helen. "Living with the Rules: Gender and the Rule of Law in Herodotus’ Histories." Studia Iuridica 80 (September 17, 2019): 389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.4820.
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What does “the rule of law” mean to an ancient historian, Herodotus? This paper uses modern legal theories and a sociological model to consider how he presents the concept in his Histories. The author takes a novel approach in that she considers the rule of law from a gender perspective. She argues that law is as much about social and cultural rules, which involve women as much as men, as it is about institutional practices which exclude women and reinforce an ideology of female inferiority. She also shows that the rule of law is a powerful normative ideal which Herodotus uses to interrogate power. The author uses the theoretical model of law developed by the English legal scholar HLA Hart, who argues that rules have a social as well as a legal dimension (the “internal” view of law), that is, how rules are perceived by community members, and how normative behaviours are enforced by that community. She also uses the work of a legal anthropologist, Leopold Pospίčil, and feminist legal theory, to argue for a wider definition of the rule of law than that used by most contemporary scholars. She uses three case studies to show that the rule of law is a powerful force in the Histories precisely because it combines external coercive force, internal rule of conduct and normative ideal.
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Zhang, Guoqing, Shengnan Shen, Hui Li, and Shijing Wu. "MoP-15 Simulation of HGA vibration characteristics inside the helium-filled hard disk drive." Proceedings of JSME-IIP/ASME-ISPS Joint Conference on Micromechatronics for Information and Precision Equipment : IIP/ISPS joint MIPE 2015 (2015): _MoP—15–1_—_MoP—15–3_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemipe.2015._mop-15-1_.
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Ferre, April L., Peter W. Hunt, Delandy H. McConnell, Megan M. Morris, Juan C. Garcia, Richard B. Pollard, Hal F. Yee, Jeffrey N. Martin, Steven G. Deeks, and Barbara L. Shacklett. "HIV Controllers with HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DQB1*06 Alleles Have Strong, Polyfunctional Mucosal CD4+ T-Cell Responses." Journal of Virology 84, no. 21 (August 18, 2010): 11020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00980-10.
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ABSTRACT A small percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals, termed elite controllers, are able to spontaneously control HIV replication in blood. As the gastrointestinal mucosa is an important site of HIV transmission and replication as well as CD4+ T-cell depletion, it is important to understand the nature of the immune responses occurring in this compartment. Although the role of the HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in mucosal tissues has been described, few studies have investigated the role of mucosal HIV-specific CD4+ T cells. In this study, we assessed HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in the rectal mucosa of 28 “controllers” (viral load [VL] of <2,000 copies/ml), 14 “noncontrollers” (VL of >10,000 copies/ml), and 10 individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) (VL of <75 copies/ml). Controllers had higher-magnitude Gag-specific mucosal CD4+ T-cell responses than individuals on HAART (P < 0.05), as measured by their ability to produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1β (MIP-1β). The frequency of polyfunctional mucosal CD4+ T cells was also higher in controllers than in noncontrollers or individuals on HAART (P < 0.05). Controllers with the strongest HIV-specific CD4+ T-cell responses possessed class II HLA alleles, HLA-DRB1*13 and/or HLA-DQB1*06, previously associated with a nonprogression phenotype. Strikingly, individuals with both HLA-DRB1*13 and HLA-DQB1*06 had highly polyfunctional mucosal CD4+ T cells compared to individuals with HLA-DQB1*06 alone or other class II alleles. The frequency of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells in rectal mucosa positively correlated with the magnitude of the mucosal CD8+ T-cell response (Spearman's r = 0.43, P = 0.005), suggesting that increased CD4+ T-cell “help” may be important in maintaining strong CD8+ T-cell responses in the gut of HIV controllers.
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Tincati, Camilla, Giusi M. Bellistrì, Giuseppe Ancona, Esther Merlini, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, and Giulia Marchetti. "Role ofIn VitroStimulation with Lipopolysaccharide on T-Cell Activation in HIV-Infected Antiretroviral-Treated Patients." Clinical and Developmental Immunology 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/935425.
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We investigated the effect of LPSin vitrostimulation on T-cell activation in HIV-infected patients with different CD4+ recovery on HAART. PBMCs from 30 HIV-positive, HAART-treated, aviremic individuals with different CD4+ reconstitution (Low Responders: CD4+ < 350/μL; Intermediate Responders: CD4+ 350–599/μL; High Responders: CD4+ ≥ 600/μL) were cultured with LPS and the proportion of HLA-DR/CD38- and Ki67-expressing CD4+/CD8+ T-cells was measured (flow cytometry). Upon LPS stimulation, significantly higher CD4+ and CD8+HLA-DR+ cells were shown in LR and IR versus HIV-negative controls. While no differences in the proportion of LPS-stimulated CD4+CD38+ cells were recorded amongst HIV-positive subgroups, CD8+CD38+ cells were more elevated in patients with lower CD4+ recovery on HAART (i.e., LR and IR). Uponin vitroLPS stimulation, HLA-DR and CD38 expression on T-cells are differentially regulated. While HLA-DR induction reflects impaired CD4+ reconstitution on HAART, cell-surface CD38 expression is increased only on CD8+ T-cells, allowing to speculate that the sole induction of CD38 on CD4+ cells may not be sufficient to depict LPS-driven immune activation in HIV.
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Hachem, R. R., M. Kamoun, M. Budev, M. Askar, A. Vivek, D. J. Levine, M. S. Pollack, et al. "HLA Antibodies after Lung Transplantation: Early Results of the HALT Study." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 32, no. 4 (April 2013): S76—S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.191.
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Shabaldin, A. V., N. S. Deeva, A. S. Sukhikh, and G. V. Vavin. "Features of blocking HLA-DR and HLA-G BY the human IgG fraction from the plasma of multiparous women." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 5, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2020-5-4-38-45.
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Aim. To obtain a purified IgG preparation from the plasma of multiparous women and to evaluate its functional activity towards HLA-DR and HLA-G molecules.Materials and Methods. IgG preparation was prepared by means of affinity chromatography using the DEAE Affi-Gel Blue system. The purity of the isolated preparation was assessed by immunoelectrophoresis. Functional activity of the IgG preparation against HLA-DR and HLA-G molecules was assessed in peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from 14 apparently healthy men of reproductive age by flow cytometry.Results. A 30 mL IgG fraction was obtained with a protein concentration of 4.3 g/l and a residual albumin less than 0.1 g/l. The protein concentration in the obtained fraction corresponded to the lower limit of IgG concentration in human serum. Immunoelectrophoresis showed that the IgG was the only antibody fraction in the chromatographic washout. Purified IgG fraction suppressed the expression of HLA-DR and HLA-G in donor lymphocytes.Conclusion. The purified IgG fraction from multiparous women can have a significant preventive and therapeutic effect against immune disorders in the mother-embryo system and therefore might halt the development of congenital heart defects by blocking HLA-DR and HLA-G in the lymphocytes.
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Yenie, Elvi, and Syarfi Daud. "Pengomposan limbah lumpur dan serat buah kelapa sawit pada kondisi steril dan tidak steril menggunakan Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL)." Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 6, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v6i2.477.
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Produksi minyak sawit yang tinggi berbanding lurus dengan produksi limbahnya. Lumpur kelapa sawit merupakan larutan buangan yang dihasilkan selama prosespemerasan dan ekstraksi minyak.Limbah lumpur kelapa sawit disamping sebagaisumber hara makro dan mikro yang penting bagi tanaman, juga sebagai sumberbahan organik dan berperan pada perbaikan sifat fisik dan kima tanah. Limbahpadat lainnya yang belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal adalah serat buahkelapa sawit yang juga mengandung unsur hara. Dari kedua potensi limbahpadat kelapa sawit menunjukkan bahwa sangat perlu dilakukan pengolahankhususnya pada limbah lumpur dan serat buah dimana berdasarkan hasil analisalaboratorium mengandung unsur hara yang baik untuk dikonversi menjadi pupukkompos. Mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) adalah mikroorganisme yangdimanfaatkan sebagai starter atau aktivator dalam pembuatan pupuk organikpadat maupun pupuk cair. Bahan utama MOL terdiri dari beberapa komponenyaitu karbohidrat, glukosa, dan sumber mikroorganisme. Tujuan penelitian iniadalah mengetahui kemampuan MOL sebagai aktivator dalam prosespengomposan limbah lumpur dan serat buah kelapa sawit yang disterilkan dantidak disterilkan. Dari hasil penelitian dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwamikroorganisme pada MOL yang berperan sebagai pendegradasi pada prosespengomposan lumpur dan serat buah kelapa sawit. Hal ini berdasarkan hasilanalisa proses fermentasi tapai singkong menjadi MOL dimana jumlahmikroorganisme pada hari pertama sebesar 403,45mg/l dan pada hari kelimajumlah mikroba meningkat menjadi 456,10 mg/l. Selain itu dapat dilihat jugabahwa bahan baku yang disterilkan untuk parameter kualitas kompos antara lain: N, P, K, C, C/N,Mg, Ca, temperatur, pH, dan kadar air, mempunyai nilai yangmendekati SNI berbanding bahan baku yang tidak steril. Penggunaan MOLsebagai sumber mikroorganisme dalam proses pengomposan dapat dijadikanalternatif sebagai bioaktivator yang ekonomis dan ramah lingkungan.
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Hachem, R. R., M. Budev, M. Askar, C. Farver, J. Lee, M. Kamoun, G. Dhillon, et al. "Donor-Specific HLA Antibodies After Lung Transplantation: Extended Follow-Up From the HALT Study." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 34, no. 4 (April 2015): S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2015.01.320.
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Shiu, Carlum, Coleen K. Cunningham, Thomas Greenough, Petronella Muresan, Victor Sanchez-Merino, Vincent Carey, J. Brooks Jackson, et al. "Identification of Ongoing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Replication in Residual Viremia during Recombinant HIV-1 Poxvirus Immunizations in Patients with Clinically Undetectable Viral Loads on Durable Suppressive Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy." Journal of Virology 83, no. 19 (July 15, 2009): 9731–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00570-09.
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ABSTRACT In most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals who achieve viral loads of <50 copies/ml during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), low levels of plasma virus remain detectable for years by ultrasensitive methods. The relative contributions of ongoing virus replication and virus production from HIV-1 reservoirs to persistent low-level viremia during HAART remain controversial. HIV-1 vaccination of HAART-treated individuals provides a model for examining low-level viremia, as immunizations may facilitate virus replication and sequence evolution. In a phase 1 trial of modified vaccinia virus Ankara/fowlpox virus-based HIV-1 vaccines in 20 HIV-infected young adults receiving HAART, we assessed the prevalence of low-level viremia and sequence evolution, using ultrasensitive viral load (<6.5 copies/ml) and genotyping (five-copy sensitivity) assays. Viral evolution, consisting of new drug resistance mutations and novel amino acid changes within a relevant HLA-restricted allele (e.g., methionine, isoleucine, glutamine, or arginine for leucine at position 205 of RT), was found in 1 and 3 of 20 subjects, respectively. Sequence evolution was significantly correlated with levels of viremia of between 6.5 and <50 copies/ml (P = 0.03) and was more likely to occur within epitopes presented by relevant HLA alleles (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that ongoing virus replication contributes to low-level viremia in patients on HAART and that this ongoing replication is subject to CD8+ T-cell selective pressures.
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Huda, Arif Miftakul. "PERENCANAAN PENJADUALAN KANTOR GEDUNG PT GRESIK JASATAMA DENGAN METODE FUZZY LOGIC APPLICATION FOR SCHEDULING." MATRIK (Jurnal Manajemen dan Teknik) 17, no. 1 (December 27, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/matrik.v17i1.162.
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CV. Mukti Jaya Abadi adalah perusahaan dibidang General Contraktor and Suplier, selama ini perusahaan dalam menjadualkan proyek didasari oleh analisa kepala proyek dan estimator proyek, hasilnya terdapat ketidakpastian terhadap waktu penyeleseian proyek.Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan pendekatan yang tepat untuk menentukan waktu proyek,dalam hal ini metode fuzzy mampu memberikan penyelesaian yang baik untuk hal-hal yang bersifat tidak pasti. Fuzzy Logic Aplication for Scheduling (FLASH) merupakan metode yang tepat untuk mengakomodasi ketidak pastian. FLASH tidak mensyaratkan data statistic tetapi hanya pengamatan secara kualitatif.Hasil akhir yang diperoleh menunjukan proyek dapat diseleseikan kisaran 119 hari sampai 221 hari dengan waktu paling mungkin 163 hari dengan nilai defuzzyfikasi 170 hari.
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Cabello, Almudena, Antonio Rivero, Mariá José Garcia, José Manuel Lozano, Julian Torre-Cisneros, Rafael González, Gema Dueñas, et al. "Haart induces the expression of HLA-G on peripheral monocytes in HIV-1 infected individuals." Human Immunology 64, no. 11 (November 2003): 1045–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.353.
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Qatarneh, ThamerA Fattah Al, Suleiman Mohammad Momany, Nizar Mohammad Abuharfil, Amjad Abduallah Mahasneh, Yousef Saleh Khader, and Ammar Khaled Daoud. "Human Leukocyte Antigen Genetic Variations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients that were positive for HLA-DQB1*0602." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 18, no. 3 (May 30, 2019): 473–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v18i3.41613.
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Background: Genetic variations in the HLA system may cause susceptibility to a large number of autoimmune and infectious diseases, and the complexity of HLA makes it hard to investigate HLA types associated with diseases. The association between HLA and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is not well investigated due to the complexity of OSA pathogenesis; including genetic and non-genetic in different populations. Our previous study using PCR-SSPs technique showed that HLA-DQB1*0602 allele is associated with almost 6 times increase in risk in North Jordan OSA patients.
Aim: The aim of this study was to see if there are any HLA genetic variations using DNA sequencing technique in the region in which HLA-DQB1*0602 is located that might interact with HLA-DQB1*0602 and affect OSA development in OSA patients who were positive for HLA-DQB1*0602 allele.
Result: The DNA sequencing results showed 8 nucleotide substitution variations, which are p.G77E (c.230G>A), p.R80R (c.240C>G), p.Q85L (c.254A>T), p.R87P (c.260G>C), p.Y69D (c.205T>G), p.A70V (c.209C>T), p.A70A (c.210G>A), p.Y79Y (c.237C>T). Although only 5 variants resulted in amino acid change, all 8 variants were included in the statistical analysis, and none of these genetic variants was significant (p-value> 0.05). Additionally, eight haplotypes were detected. Some of these haplotypes might have a role in disease development through the interaction with HLA-DQB1*0602 and other genetic variants or could be as markers for OSA by the mechanism of linkage disequilibrium.
Conclusion: Further studies are needed to explain the pathogenesis of OSA in terms of possible self or non-self-antigens involved.
Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(3) 2019 p.473-478
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Huang, Bo, Zhen-Yuan Huang, Chao-Jiang Xiao, Xiang Dong, and Bei Jiang. "New Phenolic Tricyclic Diterpenoids from Rhizomes ofIsodon hispida(Benth.)Hara." Helvetica Chimica Acta 98, no. 4 (April 2015): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.201400235.
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Putri, Renty Anugerah Mahaji. "PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS PARSIAL DI PT. ANEKA CIPTA SEALINDO." Jurnal Teknologi 9, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/jurtek.9.1.13-20.
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PT. Aneka Cipta Sealindo (PT. ACS) merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi sealing system, kondisi saat ini adalah bahwa PT. ACS tidak melakukan evaluasi secara berkala atau continue dari kondisi produktivitasnya. Sehingga dirasa perlu untuk diketahui dalam mewaspadai kondisi saat ini serta dalam hal meningkatkan kemampu labaan perusahaan. Banyak hal yang dapat diketahui dan diukur dalam hal peningkatan performance perusahaan. Perusahaan dapat mempunyai bayangan kondisi actual saat ini dibandingkan dengan target perusahaan. Serta dapat memberikan masukkan, apa saja yang perlu diantisipasi perusahaan dalam meningkatkan produktivitasnya. Sehingga dalam mengetahui serta mengevaluasinya, dibuatlah sebuah pengukuran produtivitas dengan hasil Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja 34 pieces/orang/hari, Produktivitas Jam Kerja 18 pieces/jam/hari& Produktivitas Hasil sealing system tipe Ecorubber 2 (Viton) 95.6 %. Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja 36 pieces/orang/hari, Produktivitas Jam Kerja 19 pieces /jam/hari & Produktivitas Hasil sealing system tipe Ecorubber 1 (NBR) 97.1 %. Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja 34 pieces/orang/hari , Produktivitas Jam Kerja 17 pieces /jam/hari & Produktivitas Hasil sealing system tipe T-Ecopur (T-PU) 82.3 %.
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Yulifianti, Rahmi, Siti Muzaiyanah, and Joko Susilo Utomo. "Kedelai sebagai Bahan Pangan Kaya Isoflavon." Buletin Palawija 16, no. 2 (November 30, 2018): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/bulpa.v16n2.2018.p84-93.
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Kedelai potensial sebagai bahan pangan fungsional, di samping sebagai sumber protein. Hal ini berkaitan dengan keberadaan 12 jenis isoflavon pada biji kedelai, baik dalam bentuk glikosida maupun aglikon. Senyawa isoflavon bermanfaat bagi kesehatan karena memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang dapat mencegah kanker payudara, kanker kolon, osteoporosis, dan penyakit-penyakit degeneratif seperti penuaan dini, jantung koroner dan hipertensi, serta mengurangi sindrom menopause pada wanita. Kandungan isoflavon pada biji kedelai bervariasi dari 128 hingga 380 mg/100 g, dan yang dominan adalah genistein dan daidzein. Varietas unggul kedelai Devon 1 mengandung total isoflavon 221,97 mg/100 g dan varietas Devon 2 mengandung 30,37 mg/100 g untuk total genistein dan daidzein, sehingga masih terbuka peluang untuk meningkatkan kandungan isoflavon melalui perakitan varietas baru. Selain faktor genetis, kandungan isoflavon kedelai juga dipengaruhi oleh musim tanam, umur panen, pengairan, sinar UV dan kandungan unsur hara tanah, serta proses pengolahan. Perkecambahan dan fermentasi meningkatkan kandungan isoflavon, dan pemanasan dapat mengubah struktur kimia isoflavon. Tingkat konsumsi protein kedelai 25 g/hari atau setara asupan isoflavon 37-62 mg/hari diperkirakan dapat memenuhi 83% dari kebutuhan isoflavon harian yang dianjurkan.<br /><br />
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Ramadhani, Winih Sekaringtyas, Eko Handayanto, Yulia Nuraini, and Ali Rahmat. "APLIKASI LIMBAH CAIR NANAS DAN KOMPOS KOTORAN SAPI MENINGKATKAN POPULASI MIKROORGANISME PELARUT FOSFAT DI ULTISOL, LAMPUNG TENGAH." Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) 9, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v9i2.78-84.
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Penurunan produksi Nanas di Provinsi Lampung diduga karena adanya penurunan kesuburan tanah. Hal ini dikarenakan penggunaan lahan secara intensive serta jenis tanah budidaya adalah Ultisol. Tanah ultisol memiliki karakteristik berupa pH tanah yang masam, rendahnya ketersediaan hara, tingginya kejenuhan almunium serta rendahnya aktivitas mikroba dalam tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah populasi mikroba pelarut fosfat setelah diaplikasikan kompos kotoran sapi dan limbah cair nanas di Ultisol, Lampung Tengah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara inkubasi di rumah kaca dengan interval pengamatan 0, 30 dan 60 hari. Pengamatan total mikroba pelarut fosfat menggunakan media pikovskaya. Percobaan penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang selanjutnya dilakukan analisis ragam dengan tingkat signifikan 95%, kemudian dilakukan uji Duncan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 20000 L ha-1 limbah cair nanas dan 20 t ha-1 kompos (K3L3) dalam tanah ukuran 10 kg secara nyata meningkatkan jumlah mikroorganisme pelarut fosfat (36,67 x 102 cfu g-1) dibandingkan penambahan kompos kotoran sapi 20 t ha-1 (K3L0) (22,33 x 102 cfu g-1) pada 30 hari pengamatan. Namun penambahan kompos kotoran sapi memiliki total populasi mikroorganisme pelarut fosfat lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hanya perlakuan limbah cair nanas.
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Gutfreund, Yoram. "Harm-Benefit Analysis May Not Be the Best Approach to Ensure Minimal Harms and Maximal Benefits of Animal Research—Alternatives Should Be Explored." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020291.
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Using animals in scientific research is commonly justified on the utilitarian basis that the benefits of scientific progress to human health and society exceed by far the harm inflicted on animals. In an attempt to ensure that this is indeed the case for every research project, legislation and guidelines increasingly demand the application of harm-benefit analysis (HBA) as part of the approval process of animal research protocols. The ethical principle of HBA asserts that the costs of an action should be weighed against the expected benefits. Any action that may inflict harm can only be approved if it is associated with a greater benefit. This principle is intuitively appealing but how to use it as a practical rule for ethical decisions is a difficult question. The main difficulty is that the future benefits of most scientific research are unmeasurable, unpredictable and are not manifested at the level of the individual project. Applying HBA in such cases may impede scientific progress by inducing a bias against basic research. Moreover, it can lead to the toleration of unnecessary harm to animals in research. Given these caveats of HBA, I call policy-makers to reconsider the place of HBA in animal research. Instead, I support an alternative guideline which is based on replacing the HBA principle (that the expected benefits of the research must exceed the harms caused to the animals) with two independent but mutually necessary principles: (1) any research using an animal must carry a benefit for society and (2) the harm inflicted to an animal in an experiment must be minimal and scientifically justified. I argue that rigorous harm-analysis, which is not weighted against obscure benefits, can increase the over-all benefits of research while reducing the harms to animals.
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Khotimah, Tutik, Abdul Syukur, and M. Arief Soeleman. "CLUSTERING TRAFO DISTRIBUSI MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA SELF-ORGANIZING MAP." Simetris: Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro dan Ilmu Komputer 8, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24176/simet.v8i1.808.
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Salah satu cara untuk mengetahui beban sebuah trafo distribusi PLN masih memenuhi batas normal atau overload adalah dengan melakukan pengukuran beban trafo tersebut. Pada PLN Area Pelayanan Jaringan Kudus, pengukuran beban dilakukan baik pada siang hari mau pun pada malam hari. Hasil pengukuran tersebut memiliki kemungkinan berbeda. Hal ini disebabkan pada siang hari penggunaan beban cenderung kecil, sedangkan pada malam hari pemakaian beban lebih besar. Hal ini menyebabkan sulitnya menentukan beban trafo tersebut masih normal atau overload. Untuk memetakan beban trafo distribusi secara cepat dan akurat, diperlukan teknik data mining yaitu clustering. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan algoritma Self Organizing Map (SOM). Dengan SOM dihasilkan nilai akurasi sebesar 93% terhadap hasil pengukuran beban trafo distribusi pada siang hari dan sebesar 84% terhadap hasil pengukuran beban trafo distribusi pada malam hari. Sedangkan error yang dihasilkan dari pemetaan dengan SOM sebesar 7% terhadap hasil pengukuran beban trafo distribusi pada siang hari dan sebesar 16% terhadap hasil pengukuran beban trafo distribusi pada malam hari.
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Potolicchio, Ilaria, Alfredo Festucci, Peter Hausler, and Rosa Sorrentino. "HLA-DP molecules bind cobalt: a possible explanation for the genetic association with hard metal disease." European Journal of Immunology 29, no. 7 (July 1999): 2140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199907)29:07<2140::aid-immu2140>3.0.co;2-q.
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Sutapa, I. Ketut, I. Wayan Darta Suparta, and I. Nengah Darma Susila. "KARAKTERISTIK PARKIR SEPEDA MOTOR PADA PUSAT PERBELANJAAN HARDY’S SESETAN." Matrix : Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi dan Informatika 7, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/matrix.v7i1.522.
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Sebagai salah satu pusat perbelanjaan yang ada di kota Denpasar, area parkir sepeda motor di Hardy’s Sesetan memerlukan perhatian pihak manajemen. Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain: tidak digunakannya fasilitas parkir yang ada; serta tempat parkir sepeda motor yang melebihi kapasitas. Jika masalah parkir tidak segera diatasi, maka akan terjadi masalah parkir di Hardy’s Sesetan, Denpasar. Hal ini didasarkan dari hasil penelitian karakteristik parkir di lokasi tersebut mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan puncak terjadi pada hari Sabtu, 31 Desember 2016 dengan rata-rata lama parkir sebesar 6,496 jam dan indeks parkir sebesar 5,1 serta terjadi pada hari Minggu, 1 Januari 2017 dengan rata-rata lama parkir sebesar 5,397 jam dan indeks parkir sebesar 6,45. Hal ini disebabkan karena pada hari tersebut adalah hari yang banyak kegiatan dan kunjungan di pusat perbelanjaan ini. Dengan demikian, kebutuhan parkir sepeda motor di Hardy’s Sesetan melebihi daya tampung yang ada.
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Drønen, Tomas Sundnes. "Anthropological Historical Research in Africa: How Do We Ask?" History in Africa 33 (2006): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2006.0011.
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The appeal of history to us all is in the last analysis poetic. But the poetry of history does not consist of imagination roaming at-large, but of imagination pursuing the fact and fastening upon it. That which compels the historian to “scorn delights and live laborious days” is the ardour of his own curiosity to know what really happened long ago in that land of mystery which we call the past.This paper is about qualitative research methods, and thus more about hard labor than about poetry and imagination. But to those scholars to whom the above citation gives meaning there is a clear connection between hard labour, imagination and poetry. As scholars, we are looking for facts, and looking for facts can be hard work. As scholars, we also know that facts must be ascribed with meaning in order to become sources, a process of interpretation which demands both imagination and poetry.I will present some of the challenges we face when doing anthropological historical research in Africa, and I will argue that the tools of qualitative methods will have to be sharpened and modified with this particular goal in mind. The main aim will be to discuss how we can acquire information in an African setting by analyzing the role of the interview as a communicative event. Other important topics to be treated are African oral tradition, the culture and tradition (the metacommunicative competence) of the respondents, and their use of metaphors to convey meaning.
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Dhea Andini, Agni, and Respati Retno Utami. "Anggara Kasih : Hujan dalam Serat Pawarsakan dan Mitos yang Melekat di Masyarakat." Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia 2, no. 4 (April 25, 2021): 557–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/japendi.v2i4.143.
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Penanggalan Jawa merupakan salah satu wujud kebudayaan masyarakat lampau yang sudah sepatutnya untuk diketahui. Penanggalan tersebut tertulis dalam karya sastra lama yang berupa naskah dan dinilai sangat luhur. Salah satu contoh naskah yang berisi penanggalan Jawa adalah Serat Pawarsakan karya R. Ng. Ranggawarsita. Dalam naskah tersebut terdapat penanggalan Jawa mengenai hujan yang didasarkan pada hari Anggara Kasih. Namun sayangnya penanggalan Jawa terkait hujan ini tidak banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat Jawa, terlebih para pemuda generasi milenial. Padahal dengan hari Anggara Kasih tersebut dapat mengungkap berbagai hal di sekeliling yang berkaitan dengan alam. Hal tersebut antara lain adalah bencana banjir dan penyakit yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat beserta obatnya. Di luar naskah Anggara Kasih memiliki mitos yang cukup kental dan dipercaya oleh masyarakat tertentu, utamanya berkaitan dengan turunnya hujan. Dengan demikian penelitian ini dilakukan untuk: (1) Mengetahui hujan berdasarkan hari Anggara Kasih dalam Serat Pawarsakan, dan (2) Mengetahui mitos hari Anggara Kasih bagi masyarakat Jawa. Dengan objek penelitian berupa naskah maka penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dan menggunakan teori serta pendekatan filologi untuk mengungkap hujan di dalam Serat Pawarsakan. Sedangkan untuk mengungkap mitos digunakan pendekatan antropologi. Dalam ranah filologi Serat Pawarsakan dideskripsikan, ditransliterasi, diterjemahkan, dan selanjutnya disunting. Data dalam naskah berupa teks yang berkaitan dengan tujuan penelitian dicatat dan selanjutnya dianalisis. Kemudian mengenai mitos hari Anggara Kasih akan dikaji dengan cara studi pustaka di luar naskah dan dilengkapi dengan wawancara. Hal ini untuk mengungkap makna yang tersimpan pada hari Anggara Kasih dalam perspektif orang Jawa. Data yang didapatkan adalah hari Anggara Kasih pada setiap bulannya memiliki makna tersendiri sebagai penanda musim. Adapun tanda tersebut adalah berupa datangnya musim kemarau atau penghujan, puncak musim penghujan, maupun pergantian musim. Hal ini selaras dengan mitos yang berkembang di masyarakat.
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Sutana, I. Gede. "Pola Konsumsi Makanan Satwika Pada Bhakta Hare Krishna di Sri Sri Krishna Balarama Ashram Denpasar." Satya Widya: Jurnal Studi Agama 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 54–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33363/swjsa.v3i2.477.
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Makanan merupakan sarana untuk bertahan hidup. Dalam hal makanan, manusia memiliki kebudayaan masing-masing mengenai pola konsumsi makanan. Pada penelitian ini, yang menarik adalah Bhakta Hare Krishna di Sri Sri Krishna Balarama Ashram Denpasar memiliki pola konsumsi makanan tersendiri yang berbeda dengan masyarakat pada umumnya. Bhakta Hare Krishna di Sri Sri Krishna Balarama Ashram Denpasar tidak mengkonsumsi makanan yang mengandung daging, ikan, dan telur. Pola konsumsi makanan ini disebut dengan pola konsumsi makanan satwika. Adapun pengamatan dalam tulisan ini adalah terkait dengan pola konsumsi makanan satwika pada Bhakta Hare Krishna di Sri Sri Krishna Balarama Ashram Denpasar. Dalam pengamatan lebih lanjut teori pilihan rasional dan fungsionalisme struktural menjadi pisau analisis untuk mengungkap pola konsumsi makanan satwika pada Bhakta Hare Krishna di Sri Sri Krishna Balarama Ashram Denpasar.
Secara hasil pengamatan ini diperoleh hal-hal yang mendorong Bhakta Hare Krishna menerapakan pola konsumsi makanan satwika didasari oleh aturan yang berlaku, pilihan rasional bhakta, dan fungsional terhadap kehidupan baik kehidupan jasmani maupun spiritual. Pola konsumsi makanan satwika menunjukkan lima komponen yang berlaku diantaranya (1) cara memperoleh bahan makanan satwika, (2) jenis-jenis bahan makanan satwika, (3) menu makanan satwika, (4) cara mengolah makanan satwika, dan (5) cara menghidangkan makanan satwika. Serta implikasi yang diperoleh dari penerapan pola konsumsi makanan satwika berimplikasi terhadap fisik, mental dan spiritual.
Kata Kunci: Pola Konsumsi Makanan Satwika, Bhakta Hare Krishna, Sri Sri Krishna Balarama Ashram Denpasar
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Serrano, David, Rafael Carrión, Pilar Miralles, Gabriela Rodriguez-Macias, Jorge Gayoso, Juan Berenguer, Javier Anguita, et al. "Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in HIV-Positive Patients with High Risk Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.4387.4387.
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Abstract Recent studies have shown that Autologous Stem cell Transplantation (ASCT) in HIV+ patients (pts) with associated lymphoma along with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have similar results to those observed in immunocompetent pts. However there have been few reports describing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (AlloHSCT) in HIV+ pts with high risk hematologic malignancies. The main difficulties associated to this procedure are infections and pharmacological interactions. We present the results of three HIV+ pts with hematologic malignancies treated with HAART and AlloHSCT. Pt # 1: 37 years old male diagnosed with HIV infection (AIDS-C3) in 1988, on HAART since 1996. In 1998 a diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) IV-B was diagnosed. He achieved complete remission (CR) after CHOPx6, but relapsed one month later. After ESHAP he underwent AlloHSCT from an HLA-identical sibling in chemo-sensitive relapse. TBI+Cy was administered as conditioning treatment (CT) and Cyclosporine (CsA) as Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. HAART (3TC, NFV, EFV, d4T) was maintained during transplantation. The patient died on day (d) +6 due to respiratory distress without engraftment. Autopsy showed pulmonary aspergillosis with no evidence of toxicity or lymphoma. Pt # 2: 45 years old female. AIDS-C3 in 1994, on HAART since 1996. Diagnosed with high risk common acute lymphoblastic leukemia in 2005. She reached CR after Hyper-CVAD+Rituximab (R) x2 and received an AlloHSCT from an HLA-identical sibling using TBI+Cy as CT and CsA + Methotrexate (MTX) as GvHD prophylaxis. HAART (T20, d4T, ABC, 3TC) was maintained throughout the procedure. Engraftment occurred on +17d and full donor chimerism (FCh) on +26d. During transplantation Herpes Zoster infection, febrile neutropenia and CMV infection were observed and suitably treated. Acute GvHD grade III occurred on +30d, successfully treated with steroids, CsA and mycophenolate mofetil. Four months (m) after transplantation the patient showed extensive chronic GvHD (cGvHD) also treated with steroids and CsA. Despite adequate immunologic recovery since +6m (CD4+: 450 cells/mm3 and serum IgG: 683mg/dl) she developed Streptococcal pneumonia (+9m) encephalitis of unknown etiology (+12m) and streptococcal sepsis together with pneumonia (+20m). The patient remains in CR with negative HIV-viral load and no cGvHD 30m after transplant. Pt # 3: 44 years old male. AIDS-C3 on HAART since 2000. He developed DLBCL-IVA in 2004 and reached CR after CHOP+R x6. Relapsed in 2006, showing refractoriness to ESHAP+R x5 and reaching 2nd CR after ASCT with BEAM as CT. He relapsed again in 2007, and received MINE-R x3 and GIFOX-R x1 obtaining partial remission. An AlloHSCT from an HLA-identical sibling was designed using reduced CT (90Y-Ibritumomab-tiuxetan, Rituximab, Fludarabine and Melphalan) and CsA + MTX as GvHD prophylaxis. HAART (DDI, T20, 3TC) was maintained during treatment, but stopped for 7 days due to mucositis. Engraftment was observed on +13d, with FCh on +32d. During transplantation the patient developed febrile neutropenia and CMV infection, successfully resolved. After CsA withdrawal on +70d, the patient showed two acute grade II GvHD episodes responsive to steroids and CsA. The patient remains in CR with cGVHD, on immunosupression, 9 months after transplant. He shows negative HIV-Viral load, CD4+ 65 cells/mm3 and serum IgG 559mg/dl. These pts show that AlloHSCT is a feasible treatment in HIV+ pts with high risk hematologic malignancies. Moreover we have not found significant interactions between immunosuppressive agents and HAART. Nevertheless early diagnosis of infection is critical in this setting.
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Dold, Leona, Golo Ahlenstiel, Eva Althausen, Carolin Luda, Carolynne Schwarze-Zander, Christoph Boesecke, Jan-Christian Wasmuth, Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh, and Ulrich Spengler. "Survival and HLA-B*57 in HIV/HCV Co-Infected Patients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)." PLOS ONE 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2015): e0134158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134158.
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Zintzsch, Anne, Elena Noe, and Herwig Grimm. "Navigating Uncertainties: How to Assess Welfare and Harm in Genetically Altered Animals Responsibly—A Practical Guideline." Animals 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10050857.
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The use of animals in research requires careful ethical consideration of whether the burden on the animals is justified. As one important part of the project evaluation, a harm–benefit analysis (HBA) must be carried out in order to approve projects in line with the EU Directive 2010/63/EU. This implies that harms and benefits must be assessed prospectively beforehand in order to weigh them. Although there are different methods of weighing, it is clear that an assessment of prospective harms and benefits is a precondition for any weighing procedure. In this context, projects that use genetically altered (GA) lines raise new issues. A unique challenge when using GA lines is the significant lack of knowledge in this context, making it difficult and sometimes impossible to estimate harm prospectively with sufficient certainty, since it is not predictable what sort of harm—if at all—the animals are going to experience. Therefore, this contribution aims to deal with the challenges of harm assessment in GA animals and their implications for welfare assessment and the HBA. A practical guideline is presented herein to serve as guidance for relevant harm factors and address the main challenges, particularly when dealing with uncertainties in the process of HBA.
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Nikiyuluw, Venus, Rudy Soplanit, and Adelina Siregar. "Efisiensi Pemberian Air dan Kompos Terhadap Mineralisasi NPK Pada Tanah Regosol." JURNAL BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN 14, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 105–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/jbdp.2018.14.2.105.
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Good soil contains sufficient nutrient content for plants. Some of the most important nutrients in the soil include nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. However, regosol soil cannot provide enough nutrients and water. The objectives of this study include: 1) comparing the volume of water given with a frequency of 1, 2 or 3 days for NPK nutrient availability on regosol soils; 2) determining the amount of NPK nutrients available after 30 days of incubation by giving different compost doses; 3) determining the interaction between the frequency of water supply and decomposition of organic matter in providing NPK nutrients to regosol soils. This study used a completely randomized design method with a 3 × 3 factorial pattern with 3 replications, therefore there were 27 experimental units. Data analysis of the observed variables was done using variance analysis with SAS program ver 9.0 and if there was a real treatment effect followed by a different test between treatments using BNT (5%). Compost applied to the soil was done, this was indicated by a low C / N value of 14.3 and in accordance with the SNI value standards of 10-20. The results of the study showed that the application of water and organic matter independently has a significant effect on the N content, P, and K in the ground. Whereas, the interaction between the two treatments of water frequency application and organic matter had no significant effect on the levels of N, P, and K in the soil. The conclusion of this study, with the application of water once every 3 days and the treatment of 300g/pot organic matter (B2) was best to provide the highest Ntotal value (0.53%), P available (17, 50 mg/kg), and Kexch (2.03 me/100g).
Keywords: compost, frequency of water supply, regosol
ABSTRAK
Tanah yang baik memiliki kandungan hara yang cukup bagi tanaman. Beberapa unsur hara yang terpenting dalam tanah antara lain ialah nitrogen, fosfor dan kalium. Tetapi tanah regosol tidak dapat menyediakan unsur hara dan air dengan cukup. Tujuan dari penelitian ini antara lain: 1) membandingkan volume air yang diberikan dengan frekwensi 1, 2 atau 3 hari sekali untuk ketersediaan hara NPK pada tanah regosol; 2) menetapkan banyaknya unsur hara NPK tersedia setelah 30 hari inkubasi dengan pemberian dosis kompos yang berbeda; dan 3) mengetahui interaksi antara frekwensi pemberian air dan dekomposisi bahan organik dalam menyediakan hara NPK pada tanah regosol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pola faktorial 3 × 3 dengan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 27 satuan percobaan. Analisis data dari variabel yang diamati menggunakan analisis ragam dengan program SAS ver 9.0 dan jika terdapat pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji beda antar perlakuan menggunakan BNT (5%). Kompos yang diaplikasi ke tanah sudah matang, hal ini ditandai dengan nilai C/N yang rendah yaitu 14,3 dan sesuai dengan standar nilai SNI yaitu 10-20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian air dan bahan organik secara mandiri memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kadar N, P, dan K dalam tanah. Sedangkan, interaksi antara kedua perlakuan air dan bahan organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar N, P, dan K dalam tanah. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, dengan pemberian air 3 hari sekali dan perlakuan bahan organik 300g/pot (B2) adalah dosis yang lebih baik untuk mendapat nilai Ntotal, Ptersedia dan Kdd tertinggi yaitu N total (0,53%), P tersedia (17,50 mg/kg), dan K dd (2,03 me/100g).
Kata kunci: frekwensi pemberian air, kompos, regosol
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Hazini, Ahmet, Kerry Fisher, and Len Seymour. "Deregulation of HLA-I in cancer and its central importance for immunotherapy." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, no. 8 (August 2021): e002899. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-002899.
Full textAbstract:
It is now well accepted that many tumors undergo a process of clonal selection which means that tumor antigens arising at various stages of tumor progression are likely to be represented in just a subset of tumor cells. This process is thought to be driven by constant immunosurveillance which applies selective pressure by eliminating tumor cells expressing antigens that are recognized by T cells. It is becoming increasingly clear that the same selective pressure may also select for tumor cells that evade immune detection by acquiring deficiencies in their human leucocyte antigen (HLA) presentation pathways, allowing important tumor antigens to persist within cells undetected by the immune system. Deficiencies in antigen presentation pathway can arise by a variety of mechanisms, including genetic and epigenetic changes, and functional antigen presentation is a hard phenomenon to assess using our standard analytical techniques. Nevertheless, it is likely to have profound clinical significance and could well define whether an individual patient will respond to a particular type of therapy or not. In this review we consider the mechanisms by which HLA function may be lost in clinical disease, we assess the implications for current immunotherapy approaches using checkpoint inhibitors and examine the prognostic impact of HLA loss demonstrated in clinical trials so far. Finally, we propose strategies that might be explored for possible patient stratification.
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Rejito, Ahmad. "ANALISIS KADAR NITRIT DALAM AIR MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN KERAPU BEBEK SETELAH PROSES AERASI." International Journal of Applied Chemistry Research 1, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ijacr.v1i2.28727.
Full textAbstract:
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan dan besar perubahan kadar nitrit dalam air media pemeliharaan larva ikan kerapu bebek setelah proses aerasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama sepuluh hari (umur larva 1 hari, 3 hari, 6 hari, 10 hari), hal ini dilakukan karena pada umur tersebut lava belum diberikan sirkulasi air dan juga larva masih sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar nitrit mengalami penurunanan dan peningkatan tetapi tidak melampaui ambang batas yang dapat ditoleransi oleh ikan yaitu sebesar 0,5 ppm.
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Tejawati, Andi, Hanif Aulia, Muhammad Bambang Firdaus, Fadli Suandi, Lathifah Lathifah, and M. Khairul Anam. "PEMANFAATAN VIDEO DAN ANIMASI DENGAN KARAKTER HELA PADA PANDANGAN UMUM TERHADAP ANAK PENGIDAP AUTISTIK." Jurnal Informatika dan Rekayasa Elektronik 2, no. 2 (December 10, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36595/jire.v2i2.120.
Full textAbstract:
Video adalah salah satu bentuk hiburan yang sering kita jumpai sehari-hari, selain sebagai hiburan, video juga dapat menjadi media untuk edukasi, selain ada banyak jenis video, salah satunya adalah animasi, penggabungan antara video dan animasi ini menajadi satu kombinasi sebagai media edukasi. Dari masa ke masa, anak pengidap autis selalu bertambah, sayangnya pertambahan pengidap autis ini tidak berbading baik dengan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai autis, hal ini menyebabkan para pengidap autis seringkali terkucilkan dari lingkungan, dan tak jarang juga para pengidap autis mengalami kasus bullying. Maka dari itu, kombinasi video dan animasi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi media perantara antara pengidap autis dan masyarakat umum, untuk menyampaikan apa yang mereka inginkan sebagai pengidap autis, yaitu keinginan untuk diterima di masyarkat, dan bersosialisasi layaknya manusia normal. Video ini akan menampilkan wawancara dari berbagai narasumber seperti terapis, orang tua dari pengidap anak autis, dan masyarakat, video ini juga akan nemampilkan animasi untuk nenambahkan informasi mengenai autis, animasi ini akan dikemas dalam bentuk sebuah karakter bernama Hela, Hela adalah karakter fiktif yang dibuat dengan menggunakan Teknik rigged menggunakan Duik Tool yaitu teknik pembuatan animasi dengan pemberian struktur tulang untuk menggerakannya
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Umamah, Mas, Sugeng Hari Wisudo, and Ronny Irawan Wahyu. "PENGELOLAAN SUMBERDAYA UDANG YANG BERKELANJUTAN DI LAUT ARU DAN ARAFURA." ALBACORE Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Laut 1, no. 3 (July 27, 2018): 245–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/core.1.3.245-255.
Full textAbstract:
Pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan di Laut Aru dan Arafura sudah dilakukan sejak lama denganmenggunakan berbagai jenis armada penangkapan. Jenis tangkapan udang penaeid merupakankomoditas utama dari armada penangkapan yang beroperasi di perairan ini khususnya kapal trawl(pukat udang dan pukat ikan) karena merupakan komoditas ekspor utama yang bernilai tinggi. Upayapengelolaan sumberdaya perikanan untuk menentukan tingkat pemanfaatannya agar dapat dilakukansecara berkelanjutan telah dilakukan pemerintah antara lain melalui Peraturan Menteri Kelautan danPerikanan (PERMEN KP) No. 56/PERMEN-KP/2014 Tentang Penghentian Sementara (Moratorium)Perizinan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di WPPNRI dan PERMEN KP No. 2/PERMEN-KP/2015 TentangLarangan Penggunaan Alat Penangkapan Ikan Pukat Hela (Trawls) dan Pukat Tarik (Seine Nets) diWPPNRI. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menghitung dan menganalisis tingkat produktivitas kapal pukatudang, menghitung dan mengestimasi jumlah hari operasi penangkapan dan jumlah kapal yang idealuntuk pemanfaatan sumberdaya udang di Laut Aru dan Arafura. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap kapalpukat udang yang beroperasi dari tahun 2002-2015. Perhitungan hasil tangkapan pada kondisimaksimum lestari dan upaya penangkapan dianalisis dengan metode surplus model yang dikembangkanoleh Wiranata (2016). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan estimasi hasil tangkapan udang banana padakondisi maksimum lestari (Ymsy) sebesar 1.592,82 ton dengan upaya penangkapan optimum (fmsy) sebesar6.795 hari atau sebesar 26 unit kapal setara kapal pukat udang. Adapun hasil tangkapan aktual yaitu839 ton dengan effort aktual sebesar 2.128 hari. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdayaudang di Laut Aru dan Arafura dalam kondisi moderate atau belum mengalami tekanan eksploitasiyang berlebihan.Kata kunci: laut aru dan arafura, maximum sustainable yield , pukat udang, sumberdaya udang, upayapenangkapan.
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Suciati, Fuzi, and Dwindrata Aviantara. "MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS DALAM EVALUASI KUALITAS AIR BUDIDAYA IKAN NILA DENGAN 1 TEKNIK AKUAPONIK." Jurnal Rekayasa Lingkungan 13, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 96–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jrl.v13i2.4676.
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Pertambahan populasi penduduk menyebabkan pengurangan lahan pangan. Namun kebutuhan pangan semakin meningkat dengan pertumbuhan populasi manusia. Situasi tersebut diperparah dengan kegiatan antropogenik yang berdampak kepada penurunan kualitas lingkungan yang pada akhirnya menurunkan kualitas pangan yang dihasikan. Pendekatan Material Flow Analysis (MFA) digunakan untuk memperkirakan pengaruh pengelolaan pakan ikan nila (P0 = Pemberian setiap hari pakan, P1 = Pemberian satu hari pakan – satu hari puasa, P2 =Pemberian dua hari pakan – satu hari puasa dan P3 = Pemberian tigahari pakan – satu hari puasa) terhadap mutu air bekas budidaya. Darihasil perhitungan diperoleh skenario P3 memberikan rasio terkecilkebutuhan pakan terhadap bobot ikan total saat panen. Hal inimenyebabkan penurunan mutu air kolam budidaya ikan lebih lambat daripada skenario lain sehingga kekerapan pergantian air menjadi lebih jarang. Kebutuhan volume air budidaya ikan nila dengan skenario P3 adalah paling sedikit, yakni 25% dari kebutuhan air yang menggunakan teknik business as usual, yakni P0. Dengan skenario P3 air bekas budidaya ikan nila memiliki potensi untuk digunakan dalam budidaya tanaman tomat secara hidroponik. Potensi panen tomat adalah dua kaliberdasarkan konsentrasi fosfor. Meski demikian, dari sudut pandang perolehan biomassa ikan pada saat panen, terdapat kelemahan skenario P3. Dalam hal ini skenario P1 memberikan bobot ikan total paling besar pada saat panen.
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Zhao, Y. F., J. Y. Zhang, Y. Q. Wang, K. Wu, G. Liu, and J. Sun. "Unusual plastic deformation behavior of nanotwinned Cu/high entropy alloy FeCoCrNi nanolaminates." Nanoscale 11, no. 23 (2019): 11340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nr00836e.
Full textAbstract:
Contrary to the popular belief that the soft phase in bimetal multilayers plays the dominant role in plastic deformation, the hard FeCoCrNi high entropy alloys (HEA) phase makes more contribution to the deformation of Cu/HEA nanolaminates.
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Min, He Qun, Xiao Yang Huang, and Qi De Zhang. "Pressure Fluctuations and Flow-Induced Vibration Measurements in a Hard Disk Drive under Different Rotation Speeds." Applied Mechanics and Materials 197 (September 2012): 292–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.197.292.
Full textAbstract:
Flow-induced vibration (FIV) of a head gimbals assembly (HGA) in hard disk drives (HDDs) limits the positioning accuracy of magnetic head in the HGA for higher HDD magnetic recording density. The pressure fluctuations characterize turbulent fluctuations exciting the HGA off-track vibration (HGA-OTV). In this paper, experimental studies have been carried out to investigate the spectrum characteristics correspondence between pressure fluctuations around an HGA and the simultaneous HGA-OTV under different HDD rotation speeds. A practical and effective experimental setup has been implemented to enable the simultaneous measurements on both the pressure fluctuation and HGA-OTV signals, where pressure fluctuations are measured with a pressure transducer through a small hole on the HDD top cover and the direct HGA-OTV signals are detected through a laser Doppler vibrometer. Results under conditions of three different HDD rotation speeds of 7200, 9000, 10800 rpm have been investigated and compared. It is shown that the HGA off-track vibration spectra are highly associated with those of the pressure fluctuations in terms of principal peaks in four frequency bands around 1.8 kHz, 2.5-3.5 kHz, 7-7.5 kHz and 11.5-12.5 kHz. With increasing HDD rotation speed, it is shown that the spectrum magnitudes of both the pressure fluctuation and the HGA off-track vibration increase correspondingly, while the principal peak positions in spectra of either pressure fluctuation or the HGA off-track vibration always hold the line. This study demonstrates a causal nexus from the pressure fluctuation to the HGA off-track vibration and suggests the feasibility of controlling the HGA-OTV through suppression of pressure fluctuations around the HGA.
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Linasari, Linasari, and Karsal Meilendra. "HUBUNGAN PERILAKU MENYIKAT GIGI PADA MALAM HARI DENGAN TINGKAT KEPARAHAN GINGIVITIS PADA REMAJA DI BANDAR LAMPUNG." Jurnal Ilmiah Keperawatan Sai Betik 14, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.26630/jkep.v14i2.1307.
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<p>Menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan cara menyikat gigi diwaktu yang tepat pada malam hari sebelum tidur belum menjadi perilaku masyarakat Indonesia. Hal tersebut tentu saja dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah, salah satunya adalah gingivitis.Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui Pengaruh perilaku menyikat gigi pada malam hari terhadap terjadinya Tingkat keparahan gingivitis pada remaja Bandar Lampung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif Analitik dengan pendekatan <em>cross sectional</em>.Menyikat gigi pada malam hari sangat penting dilakukan, karena apabila tidak menyikat gigi pada malam hari penumpukan sisa – sisa makanan yang tertumpuk akan diubah oleh bakteri menjadi asam yang menginflamasi gingiva, keadaan tersebut diperburuk dengan jumlah saliva yang berkurang pada saat tidur sehingga asam yang dihasilkan akan semakin pekat dan kemampuannya untuk merusak semakin besar pula. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan nilai <em>p</em><em> value</em> 0,000 < α (0,05) sehingga ada pengaruh yang kuat antara kebiasaan menyikat gigi pada malam hari dengan tingkat terjadinya gingivitis pada remaja di Bandar Lampung.</p>