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1
Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.412.
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Abstract Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.bloodjournal812412.
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Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
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Tserashkou, D. V., V. M. Mitsura, E. V. Voropaev, and O. V. Osipkina. "VIRAL COINFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: THEIR PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE." Hepatology and Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-171-176.
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Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health problem. Objective – to analyze the prevalence of viral coinfections with human immunodefciency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), TT-viruses and SENV in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to assess their influence on liver disease severity. Material and methods. The observational cross-sectional study included 287 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) – those with monoinfection and coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV. Routine hematological and biochemical tests were performed, serum HBV DNA level as well as liver fbrosis stage were measured. Blood samples from 62 patients for Torque teno virus (TTV), Torque teno mini virus, Torque teno midi virus, SENV (D and H genotypes) DNAs were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. Among patients with CHB the prevalence of coinfection HBV + HIV is 6.6%, HBV + HCV – 6.3%, HBV + HDV – 3.8% and HBV + HDV + HCV – 1.7%. CHB patients coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV had more pronounced biochemical differences and higher proportion of liver cirrhosis vs. HBV-monoinfected ones. The detection rate of TT viruses and their various combinations in patients with CHB is 91.9%, SENV – 66.1%. Conclusion. Coinfection with HIV, HCV, HDV in CHB patients is associated with more severe forms of chronic liver disease as compared to HBV-monoinfection. TT viruses and SENV are widespread and don’t affect the severity of liver disease in patients with CHB.
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Prasetyo, Afiono Agung, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yulia Sari, Hudiyono Hudiyono, and Seiji Kageyama. "Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 06 (June 15, 2013): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2965.
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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the current molecular prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) circulating among drug abuser inmates incarcerated in prisons located in Central Java, Indonesia. Methodology: Socio-epidemiological data and blood specimens were collected from 375 drug abuser inmates in four prisons. The blood samples were analyzed with serological and molecular testing for HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates was 4.8% (18/375), 3.2% (12/375), 34.1% (128/375), 0% (0/375), and 3.7% (14/375), respectively. No co-infections of HIV and HBV were found. Co-infections of HIV/HCV, HIV/HTLV-1/2, HBV/HCV, HBV/HTLV-1/2, and HCV/HTLV-1/2 were prevalent at rates of 4% (15/375), 1.3% (5/375), 1.1% (4/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 2.1% (8/375), respectively. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate was significantly higher in injection drug users (IDUs) compared to non-IDUs. Triple co-infection of HIV/HCV/HTLV-1/2 was found only in three IDUs (0.8%). HIV CRF01_AE was found to be circulating in the inmates. HBV genotype B3 predominated, followed by C1. Subtypes adw and adr were found. HCV genotype 1a predominated among HCV-infected inmates, followed by 1c, 3k, 3a, 4a, and 1b. All HTLV-1 isolates shared 100% homology with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan, while all of the HTLV-2 isolates were subtype 2a. Conclusion: Drug abuser inmates in prisons may offer a unique community to bridge prevention and control of human blood-borne virus infection to the general community.
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Dickson-Spillmann, Maria, Severin Haug, Ambros Uchtenhagen, Philip Bruggmann, and Michael P. Schaub. "Rates of HIV and Hepatitis Infections in Clients Entering Heroin-Assisted Treatment between 2003 and 2013 and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection." European Addiction Research 22, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441973.
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Background/Aims: We report on the rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in Switzerland from 2003 to 2013. We identify predictors of HCV infection. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires within 2 weeks of clients' first entry into HAT. Prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV was calculated using laboratory test results collected at entry or using reports of older test results. Predictors of HCV status were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Results show stable rates of HIV-positive clients and decreasing proportions of HAV- and HBV-infected clients. In 2013, there were 12% (n = 8) HIV-, 20% (n = 12) HAV-, 20% (n = 12) HBV- and 52% HCV- (n = 34) positive clients. Vaccination against HAV and HBV had become more frequent. Predictors of positive HCV status included older age, female gender, earlier year of entry, having spent 1 month or more in detention or prison, use of injected heroin and more years of intravenous use. Conclusion: Our results highlight the fact that efforts to prevent and test for infections and to promote vaccination against HAV and HBV in heroin users need to be continued.
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Kartashov, Mikhail Yu, Kirill A. Svirin, Ekaterina I. Krivosheina, Elena V. Chub, Vladimir A. Ternovoi, and Galina V. Kochneva. "Prevalence and molecular genetic characteristics of parenteral hepatitis B, C and D viruses in HIV positive persons in the Novosibirsk region." Problems of Virology 67, no. 5 (November 19, 2022): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-133.
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Introduction. Parenteral viral hepatitis (B, C, D) and HIV share modes of transmission and risk groups, in which the probability of infection with two or more of these viruses simultaneously is increased. Mutual worsening of the course of viral infections is important issue that occurs when HIV positive patients are coinfected with parenteral viral hepatitis.
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HCV, HBV and HDV in HIV positive patients in the Novosibirsk region and to give molecular genetic characteristics of their isolates.
Materials and methods. Total 185 blood samples were tested for the presence of total antibodies to HCV, HCV RNA, HBV DNA and HDV RNA. The identified isolates were genotyped by amplification of the NS5B gene fragment for HCV, the polymerase gene for HBV and whole genome for HDV.
Results. The total antibodies to HCV were detected in 51.9% (95% CI: 44.758.9), HCV RNA was detected in 32.9% (95% CI: 26.639.5) of 185 studied samples. The distribution of HCV RNA positive cases completely repeated the distribution of HCV serological markers in different sex and age groups. The number of HCV infected among HIV positive patients increases with age. HCV subgenotypes distribution was as follows: 1b (52.5%), 3а (34.5%), 1а (11.5%), 2а (1.5%). 84.3% of detected HCV 1b isolates had C316N mutation associated with resistance to sofosbuvir and dasabuvir. The prevalence of HBV DNA in the studied samples was 15.2% (95% CI: 10.721.0). M204I mutation associated with resistance to lamivudine and telbivudine was identified in one HBV isolate. Two HDV isolates that belonged to genotype 1 were detected in HIV/HBV coinfected patients.
Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the higher prevalence of infection with parenteral viral hepatitis among people living with HIV in the Novosibirsk region compared to the general population of that region. The genetic diversity of these viruses among HIV infected individuals is similar to that observed in the general population.
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Basimane-Bisimwa, Parvine, Giscard Wilfried Koyaweda, Edgarthe Ngaïganam, Ulrich Vickos, Ornella Anne Demi Sibiro, Brice Martial Yambiyo, Benjamin Seydou Sombié, et al. "Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection in the Central African Republic." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 9, 2024): e0291155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291155.
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Background The Central African Republic (CAR) is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of viral hepatitis infection in the world. Coinfection with HIV increases the morbidity and mortality beyond that of mono-infection with either hepatitis or HIV. The present study describes the geographic distribution of viral hepatitis infections and molecular characterization of these viruses in the CAR. Methodology Out of 12,599 persons enrolled during the fourth Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey of 2010 in the CAR, 10,621 Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples were obtained and stored at -20°C. Of these DBS, 4,317 samples were randomly selected to represent all regions of the CAR. Serological tests for hepatitis B, D, and C viruses were performed using the ELISA technique. Molecular characterization was performed to identify strains. Results Of the 4,317 samples included, 53.2% were from men and 46.8% from women. The HBsAg prevalence among participants was 12.9% and that HBc-Ab was 19.7%. The overall prevalence of HCV was 0.6%. Co-infection of HIV/HBV was 1.1% and that of HBV/HDV was 16.6%. A total of 77 HBV, 6 HIV, and 6 HDV strains were successfully sequenced, with 72 HBV (93.5%) strains belonging to genotype E and 5 (6.5%) strains belonging to genotype D. The 6 HDV strains all belonged to clade 1, while 4 recombinants subtype were identified among the 6 strains of HIV. Conclusion Our study found a high prevalence of HBV, HBV/HDV and HBV/HIV co-infection, but a low prevalence of HCV. CAR remains an area of high HBV endemicity. This study’s data and analyses would be useful for establishing an integrated viral hepatitis and HIV surveillance program in the CAR.
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Ziaee, Masood, Roghiya Azizee, and Mohammad Hasan Namaei. "Prevalence of HCV Infection in Hemodialysis Patients of South Khorasan in Comparison With HBV, HDV, HTLV I/II, And HIV Infection." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.13903.
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Background and objective: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as HBV, HDV, HTLV I/II, and HIV infection in hemodialysis patients in our district. Methods: The subjects of this study involved 41 hemodialysis patients admitted to hemodialysis ward, Vali- Asr hospital. HBV, HDV, HIV, and HTLV1/2 infections were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Serum anti- HCV anti-body was measured using the 3rd generation of ELISA kit. HCV Viremia was evaluated in all patients using RT-PCR technique. Results: HCV infection was not observed in none of patients by ELISA technique; however RT-PCR technique demonstrated HCV viremia in one (2.43%) patient. HBsAg was detected in 4(9.75%) patients, and one (2.43%) was Anti HTLV 1/2 positive; none of patients were HDV or HIV positive. Conclusion: HCV infection is less common than HBV infection in our patients. ELISA technique can not demonstrate all hemodialysis patients with HCV infection, For this reason it is requirement to evaluate this group of patients for HCV infection using RT-PC technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.13903 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 36-39
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Sarmento, Vânia Pinto, Alex Junior Souza de Souza, Marcella Katheryne Marques Bernal, André Antônio Correa das Chagas, Andreza Pinheiro Malheiros, Dickson Ciro Nascimento de Brito, Sandra Souza Lima, and Heloisa Marceliano Nunes. "Hepatites B e C entre portadores de HIV na Amazônia oriental brasileira, 2015-2016: prevalência, epidemiologia e características moleculares do HBV e HCV." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): e5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.3-309.
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As infecções pelos vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e C (HCV) podem apresentar curso crônico, com evoluçãopara em fibrose, cirrose e câncer de fígado. Entre indivíduos portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana ( HIV/AIDS), a alta prevalência de co-infecção por esses vírus hepatotrópicos representa um importante problema de saúde pública.. O estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, objetivou investigar prevalência, características epidemiológicas e genótipos dos vírus das hepatites B e C entre portadores de HIV/AIDS na Amazônia, durante os anos 2015 e 2016. Foram incluídos 404 (n = 404) indivíduos portadores de HIV/AIDS, atendidos em uma unidade de referência situada na cidade de Belém, Pará. Alíquotas de sangue, soro e plasma foram coletados. A contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ foi realizada por citometria de fluxo. A determinação da carga viral do HIV foi realizada por PCR quantitativo. Foram realizados testes sorológicos e moleculares para marcadores de infecção por HBV eHCV. Indivíduos que tinham HBsAg+ também foram testados para anti-HDV total. A presença de pelo menos um marcador de infecção por HBV foi detectado em 24,2% (98/404) dos participantes, oito (1,9%) foram também positivo para HBsAg+. Oitenta e oito participantes (21,8%) tinham anti-HBs+ isolado, indicando um perfil vacinal. Nenhum dos indivíduos com marcadores sorológicos apresentou contato com o HBV apresentavam anticorpos anti-HDV. Os valores de carga viral e HBV genótipos em relação à contagem de LT-CD4+ e carga viral do HIV foram detectados em oito indivíduos (1,9%) que apresentaram HBsAg+. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-HCV entre os participantes do estudo foi de 0,74% (3/404), sendo o HCV-RNA detectado por RT-qPCR em todas as amostras sorologicamente positivas. Dois participantes (0,5%) apresentaram resultados sorológicos inconclusivos para anti-HCV, entretanto nestes dois indivíduos o HCV-RNA não foi detectado. Entre as três amostras positivas pro HCV-RNA, duas pertenciam ao genótipo 1A e uma ao genótipo 3. Conclui-se que há uma ocorrência de coinfecção, tanto HBV/HIV quanto HCV/HIV, com prevalência inferior à encontrada no cenário nacional na Amazônia.
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Crobu, Maria Grazia, Paolo Ravanini, Clotilde Impaloni, Claudia Martello, Olivia Bargiacchi, Christian Di Domenico, Giulia Faolotto, et al. "Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection." Viruses 16, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16060992.
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Previous studies reported that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) could help disseminate the hepatitis D virus (HDV) in vivo through the unrelated hepatitis B virus (HBV), but with essentially inconclusive results. To try to shed light on this still-debated topic, 146 anti-HCV-positive subjects (of whom 91 HCV/HIV co-infected, and 43 with prior HCV eradication) were screened for anti-HDV antibodies (anti-HD), after careful selection for negativity to any serologic or virologic marker of current or past HBV infection. One single HCV/HIV co-infected patient (0.7%) tested highly positive for anti-HD, but with no positive HDV-RNA. Her husband, in turn, was a HCV/HIV co-infected subject with a previous contact with HBV. While conducting a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors attempted to exhaustively describe the medical history of both the anti-HD-positive patient and her partner, believing it to be the key to dissecting the possible complex mechanisms of HDV transmission from one subject to another, and speculating that in the present case, it may have been HCV itself that behaved as an HDV helper virus. In conclusion, this preliminary research, while needing further validation in large prospective studies, provided some further evidence of a role of HCV in HDV dissemination in humans.
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BAYAR, Filiz, and Nart GÖRGÜ. "BİR EĞİTİM VE ARAŞTIRMA HASTANESİ ÇALIŞANLARINDA HEPATİT-A, HEPATİT-B, HEPATİT-C VE HIV SEROPREVALANSININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ." Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi 24, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 491–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.24938/kutfd.1107402.
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Amaç: Sağlık çalışanları mesleki maruziyet sebebiyle kan ve vücut sıvılarıyla bulaşan hepatit A virüsü (HAV), hepatit B virüsü (HBV), hepatit C virüsü (HCV) ve insan immun yetmezlik virüsü (HIV) bulaşı yönünden risk altındadır. Çalışmada bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesi çalışanlarında hepatit A, hepatit B, hepatit C ve HIV enfeksiyonu seroprevalansın belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada 2018-2021 yılları arasında 863 sağlık çalışanına yapılan periyodik muayene formları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarının yaşı, cinsiyeti, mesleği, çalıştığı birim ve HAV antikoru (anti-HAV IgG), hepatiti B yüzey antijeni (HBsAg), hepatit B yüzey antikoru (anti-HBs), HCV antikoru (anti-HCV) ve HIV antikoru (anti-HIV) bulguları kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışma 610 (%70.7) kadın, 253 (%29.3) erkek toplam 863 sağlık çalışanı ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 39.76 ± 8.85 olarak saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların 712’sinde (%82.5) anti-HBs pozitifliği, 7’sinde (%0.8) HBsAg pozitifliği, 2’sinde (%0.2) anti-HCV pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Katılımcıların 704’ünde (%81.6) anti-HAV IgG sonucu değerlendirilmiş, 495 (%70.3)’i pozitif olarak belirlenmiştir. Sağlık çalışanlarında anti-HIV pozitifliğine rastlanmamıştır. Meslek grupları açısından yaş, cinsiyet, anti-HBs ve anti-HAV için anlamlı farklılık belirlenmiştir (p<0.05, a=Kruskal Wallis test). Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarının hepatitler ve HIV yönünden aralıklı olarak taranması, hepatit A ve hepatit B’ye karşı bağışıklığı olmayanların aşılanması ve meslek içi eğitimlerle bilgilendirilmesi önem taşımaktadır.
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Behl, Shreya, Aaditya Behl, Pratibha Mane, Jyoti Sangwan, and Prakriti Vohra. "Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C co-infection in HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative cases in a Tertiary care hospital in Southern Haryana." IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2023): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2023.019.
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HBV (Hepatitis B virus) and HCV (Hepatitis C virus) are the causative agents of acute as well as chronic hepatitis. Nearly, two billion people are suffering with HBV and approximately 170 million people are infected with HCV infection around the world. While patients who are infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) 2-4 million are found to be having chronic HBV co-infection and 4-5 million are having HCV coinfection. Due to common mode of transmission of HIV, HBV and HCV like using shared needles, syringes, other injectable devices, sexual intercourse, or even mother to baby transmission, it is common to see HBV and HCV co-infection in HIV positive individuals. This was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in Department of Microbiology, SHKM GMC, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana. It was for one year. The sample size for HIV seropostive cases was 80 including 40 HIV positive and 40 HIV negative samples. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was identified on HIV positive and HIV negative samples. Seroprevalence of HBV and HCV was found to be higher in HIV positive individuals than HIV negative individuals. In HIV positive patients 10% individuals were HBsAg positive, 5% were HBeAg positive, 10% were positive by HBV RT-PCR. None of the HIV negative were coinfected with HBV. Similarly HCV-HIV coinfection was seen in 12.5% of individuals with Rapid test, ELISA and RT-PCR. None of the HIV negative were coinfected with HCV. In HIV positive individuals HBV and HCV coinfection was seen and Co-infection of HBV and HCV was absent in HIV negative individuals. Regular screening is recommended for HBV and HCV in HIV positive individuals.
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Journal, Baghdad Science. "The frequency of IgM-anti HAV in the sera of patients with hepatitis in Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 2 (June 3, 2007): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.4.2.298-300.
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Three hundred and fifty five patients with hepatitis were investigated in this study all cases gave negative result with HBs Ag , IgM-anti HCV , IgM-anti HEV, IgM-anti HDV and anti-HIV tests . The frequency of IgM-anti HAV was 113 and the percentage was 32 % in all ages but when these patients divided into five groups dependent on ages. The highest percentage of IgM-anti HAV was (45%) in age 41 year.
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Zgair, Ayaid K., Layla K. Ali, Majeda K. Z, and Razak, H. Eissa. "The frequency of IgM-anti HAV in the sera of patients with hepatitis in Iraq." Baghdad Science Journal 4, no. 2 (March 10, 2021): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2007.4.2.298-300.
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Three hundred and fifty five patients with hepatitis were investigated in this study all cases gave negative result with HBs Ag , IgM-anti HCV , IgM-anti HEV, IgM-anti HDV and anti-HIV tests . The frequency of IgM-anti HAV was 113 and the percentage was 32 % in all ages but when these patients divided into five groups dependent on ages. The highest percentage of IgM-anti HAV was (45%) in age 41 year.
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Rashti, Roya, Heidar Sharafi, Seyed Moayed Alavian, Yousef Moradi, Amjad Mohamadi Bolbanabad, and Ghobad Moradi. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Global Prevalence of HBsAg and HIV and HCV Antibodies among People Who Inject Drugs and Female Sex Workers." Pathogens 9, no. 6 (May 31, 2020): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9060432.
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The main objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and their co-infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and female sex workers (FSWs). Data sources were searched from January 2008 to October 2018 in different databases. Data were analyzed in Stata 16 software using the Metaprop command. The results showed that the prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among PWID was 15%, 60% and 6%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV, HCV and HBV among FSWs was 5%, 1% and 3%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, HCV/HBV and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infections among PWID was 13%, 2%, 3% and 2%, respectively. The prevalence of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections among FSWs was 3% and 1%, respectively. The results show that the prevalence of HCV and HIV infections in PWID and the prevalence of HIV in FSWs is higher than their prevalence in the general population. Interventions for the prevention of HIV and HCV in PWID appear to be poor, and may not be sufficient to effectively prevent HIV and HCV transmission.
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Annison, Lawrence, Henry Hackman, Paulina Franklin Eshun, Sharon Annison, Peter Forson, and Samuel Antwi-Baffour. "Seroprevalence and effect of HBV and HCV co-infections on the immuno-virologic responses of adult HIV-infected persons on anti-retroviral therapy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0278037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278037.
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Chronic hepatitis negatively affects persons living with HIV. While varying in their transmission efficiency, HIV, HBV, and HCV have shared routes of transmission. Available data suggest widely variable rates of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-infected populations across sub-Saharan Africa. With prolonged survival rates due to increased accessibility to antiretroviral drugs, HBV and HCV have the potential to complicate the prognosis of HIV co-infected patients by contributing significantly to continued morbidity and mortality. The study sought to determine the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and to evaluate the effect of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections on the immunologic and virologic responses of patients. A cross-sectional study in which samples were taken from 500 people living with HIV and attending ART clinic at the Fevers unit of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and tested for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV). CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels were estimated as well. Data generated were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22. The seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections among people living with HIV was 8.4% and 0.2% respectively. HIV/HBV coinfection included 15/42 (35.7%) males and 27/42 (64.3%) females out of which the majority (97.6%) were in the 21–60 years old bracket. HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections have varied effects on the immunological and virological response of HIV patients on ART. The mean CD cell count was 361.0 ± 284.0 in HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 473.8 ± 326.7 in HIV mono-infected patients. The mean HIV-1 RNA level was not significantly different (X2 [df] = .057 [1]; P = .811) among HIV/HBV co-infected patients (Log102.9±2.0 copies/mL), compared to that of HIV mono-infected patients (Log102.8±2.1 copies/mL) although HIV mono-infected patients had lower viral load levels. One-third (14/42) of HIV/HBV co-infected patients had virologic failure and the only HIV/HCV co-infected patient showed viral suppression. 336/500 (67.2%) patients had HIV-1 viral suppression (females [66.1%]; males [33.9%]) while 164/500 (32.8%) had virologic failure (females [67.7%]; males [32.3%]). The mean CD4 count of patients with viral suppression and patients with virologic failure was 541.2 cells/μL (95% CI 508.5–573.8) and 309.9 cell/μL (95% CI 261.9–357.9) respectively.The study concludes that, HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfections do not significantly affect the immunologic and virologic responses of patients who have initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy, and treatment outcomes were better in females than in males. There was no HBV/HCV co-infection among patients.
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Ranin, J., D. Salemovic, B. Brmbolic, J. Marinkovic, I. Boricic, Pavlovic I. Pesic, S. Zerjav, M. Stanojevic, and D. Jevtovic. "Comparison of Demographic, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with HIV Mono-infection Versus Patients Co-infected with HCV or/and HBV: A Serbian Cohort Study." Current HIV Research 16, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x16666180717115614.
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Objective:The study aimed to correlate the status of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with clinical and demographic data prior to starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and assess the impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on the natural history of HIV infection.Patients and Methods:The study involved a total of 836 treatment-naive patients with available serological status for HBV and HCV at the point of therapy initiation. Patients were stratified into four groups: HIV mono-infection, HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection. Demographic, epidemiological, immunological and clinical characteristics were analyzed in order to assess the possible impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on HIV - related immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS.Results:The prevalence of HCV and HBV co-infection in our cohort was 25.7% and 6.3%, respectively. Triple HIV/HCV/HBV infection was recorded in 1.7% of the patients. In comparison with those co-infected with HCV, patients with HIV mono-infection had lower levels of serum liver enzymes activity and higher CD4 cell counts, and were less likely to have CD4 cell counts below100 cells/µL and clinical AIDS, with OR 0.556 and 0.561, respectively. No difference in the development of advanced immunodeficiency and/or AIDS was recorded between patients with HIV monoinfection and those co-infected with HBV, or both HCV/HBV.Conclusion:HIV/HCV co-infection was found to be more prevalent than HIV/HBV co-infection in a Serbian cohort. Co-infection with HCV was related to more profound immunodeficiency prior to therapy initiation, reflecting a possible unfavorable impact of HCV on the natural history of HIV infection.
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SILVA, Claudinei Mesquita da, Leyde Daiane de PEDER, Mateus Vailant THOMAZELLA, Jorge Juarez Vieira TEIXEIRA, and Dennis Armando BERTOLINI. "PROFILE OF HCV GENOTYPES AND HIV-SUBTYPES AMONG HIV-COINFECTED PATIENTS IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 56, no. 4 (October 2019): 344–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.201900000-68.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) are the two most common infections among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. OBJECTIVE: To identify the frequency of HIV subtypes and HCV genotypes in HIV-coinfected patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out into two reference centers in Southern Brazil between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2016. The Abbott Real Time HCV Genotype II system was used for routine diagnostics to determine the HCV genotype based on dual-target real-time PCR. Proviral HIV-1 RNA was extracted from serum samples and fragments of the pol gene were generated by PCR. The HIV-1 PT and RT gene sequences were submitted to Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic analysis by collecting reference sequences from the HIV-1 group M subtype of the Los Alamos database. RESULTS: During the study period, 3340 patients with HIV were diagnosed at both referral centers, of which 4.97% (166/3340) had HBV and/or HCV coinfection. Seroprevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV-HCV was 37.4%, 58.4%, and 4.2%, respectively. HIV-HCV-coinfected patients had a lower median nadir CD4+ T-cell count when compared to HIV-HBV-coinfected patients (P=0.01). Among those coinfected with HCV, HCV-1 (HCV-1) and HCV-3 (HCV-3) genotypes were the most prevalent, being detected in 73.8% and 21.4%, respectively. Among the HCV-1 coinfected patients, 79.3% and 20.1% had subtypes 1a and 1b, respectively. HIV subtype B was the most prevalent in HIV-coinfected patients. There was no significant difference regarding nadir CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load when compared to coinfected with HCV-1 with HCV-3, as well as those co-infected with HCV-1a with HCV-1b. CONCLUSION: In the present study, a higher frequency of subtype B of HIV and HCV-1 were found in HIV-coinfected patients. Further larger-scale and long-term studies are needed to better understand the effect of HCV genotypes in HIV-infected patients.
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Tekin, Suda, Gule Cınar, Orcun Barkay, and Ilhami Celik. "HBV and HCV Coinfection in Patients Living with HIV." Klimik Dergisi/Klimik Journal 36, no. 1 (March 21, 2023): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36519/kd.2023.4473.
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Coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected individuals results in increased hepatic complications. HBV and HIV viruses are transmitted by blood and unprotected sexual intercourse. People with HIV and HBV coinfection are at increased risk for liver-related morbidity and mortality. HCV-related liver injury progresses more rapidly among people coinfected with HIV. HCV coinfection may also affect the management of HIV infection. This review aims to go over the management of HIV-HCV and HIV-HBV coinfections.
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Park, James S., Neeraj Saraf, and Douglas T. Dieterich. "HBV plus HCV, HCV plus HIV, HBV plus HIV." Current Gastroenterology Reports 8, no. 1 (February 2006): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11894-006-0066-9.
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Bhattarai, Manjula, Jagat Bahadur Baniya, Nirmal Aryal, Bimal Shrestha, Ramanuj Rauniyar, Anurag Adhikari, Pratik Koirala, et al. "Epidemiological Profile and Risk Factors for Acquiring HBV and/or HCV in HIV-Infected Population Groups in Nepal." BioMed Research International 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9241679.
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HBV and HCV infections are widespread among the HIV-infected individuals in Nepal. The goals of this study were to investigate the epidemiological profile and risk factors for acquiring HBV and/or HCV coinfection in disadvantaged HIV-positive population groups in Nepal. We conducted a retrospective study on blood samples from HIV-positive patients from the National Public Health Laboratory at Kathmandu to assay for HBsAg, HBeAg, and anti-HCV antibodies, HIV viral load, and CD4+ T cell count. Among 579 subjects, the prevalence of HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV coinfections was 3.62%, 2.93%, and 0.34%, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that spouses of HIV-positive migrant labourers were at significant risk for coinfection with HBV infection, and an age of >40 years in HIV-infected individuals was identified as a significant risk factor for HCV coinfection. Overall our study indicates that disadvantaged population groups such as intravenous drug users, migrant workers and their spouses, female sex workers, and men who have sex with HIV-infected men are at a high and persistent risk of acquiring viral hepatitis. We conclude that Nepalese HIV patients should receive HBV and HCV diagnostic screening on a regular basis.
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Cooper, Curtis L., and Ed Mills. "Comparison of first antiretroviral treatment duration and outcome in HIV, HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV infection." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781439838.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection may differentially influence HIV treatment duration and outcome. This was assessed at The Ottawa Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic in first-time highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) recipients visited between January 2000 and December 2004. Of 968 patients, 526/700 (75%) HIV, 173/230 (75%) HIV–HCV and 30/38 (79%) HIV–HBV-infected patients initiated HAART. Co-infected patients stopped treatment sooner (HBV – 10 months, HCV – 9 months) than HIV mono-infected (17 months) ( P<0.001). Injection drug history predicted shorter treatment duration (odds ratio [OR]1.59, P<0.001). Use of non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-containing HAART (OR 0.76, P<0.01) and low-dose ritonavir (<400 mg twice daily)-based HAART (OR 0.83, P = 0.06) predicted longer treatment duration. HCV co-infection did not predict duration of therapy (OR 1.19, P=0.19) once controlled for by these three variables. Poor adherence was a major explanation for eventual treatment interruption in those with HIV–HCV (22% versus 5% in HIV alone; P<0.001) as was substance abuse (7% versus < 1% in HIV; P<0.001). Metabolic complications resulted in HAART interruption in HIV mono-infection (8%) but not with HBV or HCV co-infection (both <1%; P<0.001). Antiretroviral selection is critical to the longevity of initially prescribed regimens, irrespective of viral hepatitis co-infection. Attention to this and strategies targeting substance abuse and adherence in HIV–HCV are predicted to increase the duration of HAART.
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Silva, Claudinei Mesquita da, Leyde Daiane de Peder, Eraldo S. Silva, Isolde Previdelli, Omar Cleo Neves Pereira, Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira, and Dennis Armando Bertolini. "Impact of HBV and HCV coinfection on CD4 cells among HIV-infected patients: a longitudinal retrospective study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10035.
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Introduction: The impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on CD4 cells in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is unclear. We aimed to examine the impact of HBV and HCV coinfection on CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio in adults with HIV.
Methodology: We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study in Brazil between January 1, 2002, and June 30, 2016, including 205 patients with HIV monoinfection, 37 with HIV-HBV coinfection, 35 with HIV-HCV coinfection, and 62 with HIV-HCV (48 HCV genotype 1 and 14 HCV genotype 3).
Results: Median duration of follow-up was 2,327 (interquartile range: 1,159–3,319) days. An increased CD4 cell count and CD4/CD8 ratio over time was observed in all groups receiving combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Patients with HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfection and those with HIV monoinfection, showed comparable CD4 cell counts and CD4/CD8 ratios during pre-ART. There was also no statistically significant difference in CD4/CD8 ratio between HIV-HBV or HIV-HCV coinfection groups and the HIV monoinfection group during follow-up on cART. However, CD4 cell counts were significantly lower in HIV-HCV patients than in HIV monoinfection patients during follow-up on cART. HIV patients with HCV genotype 3 coinfection showed significantly lower CD4/CD8 ratio during follow-up on cART than those coinfected with HCV genotype 1 coinfection. No statistically significant effect of coinfection was observed on the efficacy of cART.
Conclusions: HIV-infected patients are more likely to show better immunological responses to cART when they are not coinfected with HCV.
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Choy, Chiaw Yee, Li Wei Ang, Oon Tek Ng, Yee Sin Leo, and Chen Seong Wong. "Factors Associated with Hepatitis B and C Co-Infection among HIV-Infected Patients in Singapore, 2006–2017." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, no. 2 (May 27, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020087.
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Co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with increased risk of hepatic complications and mortality. A retrospective study to estimate the proportion of HBV and HCV co-infections in Singapore was conducted using a clinical database. We included 3065 patients who were seen under the Clinical HIV Programme at the largest referral centre for HIV care between 2006 and 2017 and were tested for both HBV and HCV. Factors associated with HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections were determined using logistic regressions. The majority (86.3%) of HIV-infected patients were mono-infected, while 7.2% were co-infected with HBV, 6.0% with HCV, and 0.5% were co-infected with both HBV and HCV. The most common HCV genotype was GT1 (63%). Factors significantly associated with HBV co-infection in the multivariable model were: Aged 30–49 years and 50–69 years at HIV diagnosis, male gender, and HIV transmission through intravenous drug use (IDU). Independent factors associated with HCV co-infection were: Malay ethnicity, HIV transmission through IDU, and HIV diagnosis between 2006 and 2008. Behavioural risk factors such as IDU, as well as epidemiologic differences associated with co-infection, should inform further studies and interventions aimed at reducing viral hepatitis infection among HIV-infected individuals.
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Zhang, Chao, Qiang Ren, and Wenhui Chang. "Epidemiological Features and Risk Factors for Acquiring Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and Syphilis in HIV-Infected Patients in Shaanxi Province, Northwest China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 18, 2020): 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061990.
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are at a higher risk for co-infection with Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Treponema pallidum (TP; the agent causing syphilis) than the general population. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and syphilis has geographic differences and varies from region to region among HIV-positive individuals. A retrospective study was carried out on HIV-positive individuals between June 2011 and June 2016 in Shaanxi Province. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using stepwise regression analysis regarding risk factors for HIV–HBV, HIV–HCV, and HIV–syphilis co-infection. HBV–HCV, HCV–syphilis, HBV–syphilis, and HBV–HCV–syphilis co-infection rates were 1.7%, 2.2%, 2.6%, and 0.1%, respectively. The rate of ineffective hepatitis B vaccine immunization was as high as 30.2% among HIV-positive individuals. Ethnicity (OR = 31.030, 95% CI: 11.643–82.694) and HIV transmission routes (OR = 134.024, 95% CI: 14.328–1253.653) were the risk factors for HCV infection in HIV-positive individuals. Among the HIV-positive individuals with the antibodies of TP, the rate of homosexual transmission was also higher, but heterosexual transmission was lower (OR = 0.549 95% CI: 0.382–0.789) The HIV-infected patients in Shaanxi Province had the characteristics of low active detection rate and late diagnosis. The high rate of ineffective vaccination against HBV suggests a need for improved vaccination services.
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PRUSSING, C., C. CHAN, J. PINCHOFF, L. KERSANSKE, K. BORNSCHLEGEL, S. BALTER, A. DROBNIK, and J. FULD. "HIV and viral hepatitis co-infection in New York City, 2000–2010: prevalence and case characteristics." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 7 (August 29, 2014): 1408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268814002209.
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SUMMARYUsing surveillance data, we describe the prevalence and characteristics of individuals in New York City (NYC) co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV). Surveillance databases including persons reported to the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene with HIV, HBV, and HCV by 31 December 2010 and not known to be dead as of 1 January 2000, were matched with 2000–2011 vital statistics mortality data. Of 140 606 persons reported with HIV, 4% were co-infected with HBV only, 15% were co-infected with HCV only, and 1% were co-infected with HBV and HCV. In all groups, 70–80% were male. The most common race/ethnicity and HIV transmission risk groups were non-Hispanic blacks and men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV/HBV infection, and non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and injection drug users for HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV/HCV infections. The overall age-adjusted 2000–2011 mortality was higher in co-infected than HIV mono-infected individuals. Use of population-based surveillance data provided a comprehensive characterization of HIV co-infection with HBV and HCV. Our findings emphasize the importance of targeting HIV and viral hepatitis testing and prevention efforts to populations at risk for co-infection, and of integrating HIV and viral hepatitis care and testing services.
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Aimla, Kerstin, Justyna Dominika Kowalska, Raimonda Matulionyte, Velida Mulabdic, Anna Vassilenko, Natalie Bolokadze, David Jilich, et al. "Vaccination against HBV and HAV as Mode of Hepatitis Prevention among People Living with HIV—Data from ECEE Network Group." Vaccines 11, no. 5 (May 14, 2023): 980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050980.
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(1) Background: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) and viral hepatitis B (HBV) are common co-infections in people living with HIV (PLWH). All PLWH should be vaccinated against HBV and hepatitis A (HAV) and treated for HBV and HCV. We aimed to compare testing, prophylaxis and treatment of viral hepatitis in PLWH in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in 2019 and 2022. (2) Methods: Data was collected through two on-line surveys conducted in 2019 and 2022 among 18 countries of the Euroguidelines in CEE (ECEE) Network Group. (3) Results: In all 18 countries the standard of care was to screen all PLWH for HBV and HCV both years; screening of HAV was routine in 2019 in 54.5% and in 2022 47.4% of clinics. Vaccination of PLWH against HAV was available in 2019 in 16.7%, in 2022 in 22.2% countries. Vaccination against HBV was available routinely and free of charge in 50% of clinics both in 2019 and 2022. In HIV/HBV co-infected the choice of NRTI was tenofovir-based in 94.4% of countries in both years. All clinics that responded had access to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) but 50% still had limitations for treatment. (4) Conclusions: Although testing for HBV and HCV was good, testing for HAV is insufficient. Vaccination against HBV and especially against HAV has room for improvement; furthermore, HCV treatment access needs to overcome restrictions.
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Gupta, Sakshee, Bharti Malhotra, Jitendra Kumar Tiwari, Prabhu Dayal Khandelwal, and Rakesh Kumar Maheshwari. "Cluster of differentiation 4+ T-cell counts and human immunodeficiency virus-1 viral load in patients coinfected with hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus." Journal of Laboratory Physicians 10, no. 02 (April 2018): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jlp.jlp_37_17.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Coinfections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with hepatitis viruses may affect the progress of disease and response to therapy. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfections in HIV–positive patients and their influence on HIV–1 viral load and cluster of differentiation 4+ (CD4+) T–cell counts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This pilot study was done on 179 HIV–positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy (ART) centre. Their blood samples were tested for HIV-1 viral load, CD4+ T–cell counts, hepatitis B surface antigen, anti–HCV antibodies, HBV DNA and HCV RNA polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among the 179 patients, 7.82% (14/179) were coinfected with HBV and 4.46% (8/179) with HCV. Median CD4+ T–cell count of HIV monoinfected patients was 200 cells/µl and viral load was 1.67 log10 copies/µl. Median CD4+ T–cell counts of 193 cells/µl for HBV (P = 0.230) and 197 cells/µl for HCV (P = 0.610) coinfected patients were similar to that of HIV monoinfected patients. Viral load was higher in both HBV and HCV infected patients but statistically significant only for HCV (P = 0.017). Increase in CD4+ T–cell counts and decrease in HIV–1 viral load in coinfected patients on 2 years of ART were lower than that in HIV monoinfected patients. CONCLUSION: HBV/HCV coinfected HIV patients had similar CD4+ T–cell counts as in HIV monoinfected patients, higher HIV viral load both in chemo–naive patients and in those on ART as compared to HIV monoinfected patients. However, this study needs to be done on a large scale to assess the impact of coinfection on CD4 count and HIV viral load with proper follow–up of patients every 6 months till at least 2 years.
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Shrestha, Umid Kumar, and Bhup Dev Bhatta. "Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus in the western region of Nepal." Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 5, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaim.v5i1.17064.
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Background and aims: The hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are associated with major public health concerns. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in the western region of Nepal.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study, in which 15,791 patients, attending to Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, were investigated for HBV, HCV and HIV from June 2013 to March 2016; demographic and biochemical profile were studied among the patients with positive test results.Results: Among 15,791 patients [male 6614 (41.9%) and female 9177 (58.1%)], HBV was found in 180 (1.1%), HCV in 52 (0.3%) and HIV in 77 (0.5%). The HBV was found in 63.9% of males and 36.1% of females, HCV in 67.3% of males and 32.7% of females, and HIV in 61% of males and 39% of females which showed that males had more positivity of HBV (P<0.001), HCV (P<0.001) and HIV (P 0.001) than that of female. The HBV was found more in 20-29 years age group (27.2%), HCV in 30-39 years (32.7%), and HIV in 40-49 years (28.6%), with all having p<0.001. Among the patients of HBV, HCV and HIV, the mean values of total bilirubin were 1.4 mg/dl, 0.8 mg/dl and 2.6 mg/dl, Aspartate Transaminase 75.9 U/L, 54.3 U/L and 92.7 U/L, Alanine Transaminase 54.6 U/L, 55.5 U/L and 56.1 U/L, and Alkaline Phosphatase 124.2 U/L, 109.2 U/L and 107.2 U/L, respectively. The majority of patients with HCV had a history of intravenous drug abuse and HIV had concomitant alcoholic liver disease.Conclusion: The HBV was more prevalent followed by HIV and HCV in the western region of Nepal with more prevalence seen in males than in females. Regular screening of HBV, HCV and HIV among the selected patients can help detecting many new cases in Nepal.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2016;05(01):6-10
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Japhet, Margaret, Moses Adewumi, and Adesina Olufisayo. "PO 8585 HIV, HBV AND HCV PREVALENCE, CO-INFECTIONS, RISK FACTORS AND AWARENESS AMONG STUDENTS IN A NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY." BMJ Global Health 4, Suppl 3 (April 2019): A59.1—A59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-edc.155.
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BackgroundHIV, Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) are life threatening viral infections. Co-infections are possible since they share routes of transmission through exchange of blood/body fluids. Youths are the most vulnerable to HIV infection due to unsafe practices. There is no free counselling and testing for HBV/HCV in Nigeria, hence many may not be aware of their HBV/HCV status. This study assessed prevalence, knowledge and risk factors of transmission among University students in order to provide preventive intervention.MethodsPreviously counselled/consenting university students (total=903, M=502, F=428; age range 16–40 years; mean age 19 years) were enrolled. Relevant information was collected through questionnaire. About 5 ml of blood was collected from each student and serum recovered was analysed for detectable HIV antigens/antibodies using specific ELISA kit. HIV antigen/antibody-positives were analysed for detectable hepatitis B surface antigen and anti-HCV. The HIV and HBV-positives were compared in terms of gender, age group, and risk factors by use of chi-square and Fischer exact tests, with two-tailed significance using SPSS version 20.0.1 for Windows.ResultOf the 930 students examined, 630 (67.7%) were sexually active and 104 (16.5%) had multiple sex partners. Knowledge of HIV, HBV and HCV status was 55%, 36.3% and 4.2% respectively. Overall, 13 (1.40%) students had detectable HIV antigens and/or antibodies, 5 (38.5%) of whom were HBV-positive, none had HCV infection. All HBV-positive students were ignorant of their HBV status. HIV and HBV-positive students fall within age range 15–24 years with higher HIV/HBV prevalence in females than males. Statistical significance exists between HIV, HBV prevalence and a) gender, b) number of sex partners, and c) sharing sharps with people of unknown HIV/HBV status (p=0.005; 0.002 and 0.005, respectively).ConclusionKnowledge about HBV and HCV is generally low among the students. Awareness campaigns specifically tailored towards educating young adults on HIV, HBV and HCV prevention/control should be encouraged.
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Makuza, Jean Damascene, Marie Paul Nisingizwe, Jean Olivier Twahirwa Rwema, Donatha Dushimiyimana, Dominique Savio Habimana, Sabine Umuraza, Janvier Serumondo, et al. "Role of unsafe medical practices and sexual behaviours in the hepatitis B and C syndemic and HIV co-infection in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 7 (July 2020): e036711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036711.
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ObjectivesThis study describes the burden of the hepatitis B, C and HIV co-infections and assesses associated risk factors.SettingThis analysis used data from a viral hepatitis screening campaign conducted in six districts in Rwanda from April to May 2019. Ten health centres per district were selected according to population size and distance.ParticipantsThe campaign collected information from 156 499 participants (51 496 males and 104 953 females) on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics. People who were not Rwandan by nationality or under 15 years old were excluded.Primary and secondary outcomesThe outcomes of interest included chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HIV infection, co-infection HIV/HBV, co-infection HIV/HCV, co-infection HBV/HCV and co-infection HCV/HBV/HIV. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with HBV, HCV and HIV, mono and co-infections.ResultsOf 156 499 individuals screened, 3465 (2.2%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive and 83% (2872/3465) of them had detectable HBV desoxy-nucleic acid (HBV DNA). A total of 4382 (2.8%) individuals were positive for antibody-HCV (anti-HCV) and 3163 (72.2%) had detectable HCV ribo-nucleic acid (RNA). Overall, 36 (0.02%) had HBV/HCV co-infection, 153 (0.1%) HBV/HIV co-infection, 238 (0.15%) HCV/HIV co-infection and 3 (0.002%) had triple infection. Scarification or receiving an operation from traditional healer was associated with all infections. Healthcare risk factors—history of surgery or transfusion—were associated with higher likelihood of HIV infection with OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.66) and OR 1.48 (1.29 to 1.70), respectively, while history of physical traumatic assault was associated with a higher likelihood of HIV and HBV/HIV co-infections with OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.88) and OR 1.82 (1.08 to 3.05), respectively.ConclusionsOverall, mono-infections were common and there were differences in significant risk factors associated with various infections. These findings highlight the magnitude of co-infections and differences in underlying risk factors that are important for designing prevention and care programmes.
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Riddhi Pradhan, Kirti Hemwani, Vidit Khandelwal, Bamboriya BL, Yogyata Marothi, and Varsha Saxena. "A cross-sectional study on co-infection of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among people living with HIV/AIDS from a tertiary care hospital of Central India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2023): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v14i4.50299.
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Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are prevalent throughout the world. HIV infection increases the risk of HBV and HCV liver disease especially when HIV-associated immunodeficiency progresses. Aims and Objectives: This study was carried out with the objectives as follows: Estimation of the prevalence of HIV- Hepatitis co-infection, determine CD4+T lymphocyte count in co-infected patients, identify most common opportunistic infections in HIV – Hepatitis co- infection. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based, prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study was carried among people with confirmed HIV infection. HIV antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and HCV antibody tests were done in all patients visiting to integrated counseling and testing center. HIV, HBV, and HCV viral load were done in all serologically confirmed patients. In HBsAg positive patients various markers for hepatitis such as hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg), anti-hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), and anti-hepatitis B envelop antibody were also done. Results: Out of 357 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) patients 15/357 (4.20%) were co-infected with HBV, 03/357 (0.84%) were co-infected with HCV. The overall seroprevalence of Hepatitis virus (HBV+HCV) in PLHA patients was found to be 5.04% (18/357). CD4+T lymphocyte count <200 cells/μL was seen in 66/339 (19.4%), 04/15 (26.6%), and 03/03 (100%) patients of HIV mono-infected, HBV co-infected, and in HCV co-infected patients, respectively. HIV Viral load ≤1000 copies/mL was seen in 324 and 15 patients in HIV mono-infected and HIV- hepatitis co-infected patient, respectively. Among PLHA patients who were positive for HBsAg; 46.7% (n=7) patients had HBV viral load >2000 IU/mL. All hepatitis B co-infected patients were positive for HBcAb test; HBeAg was positive in 40% (n=06). All HBeAg positive were having viral load >2000 IU/mL. Conclusion: HIV-infected patients are more prone to hepatitis associated liver diseases and exposure to the HBV infection than the general population.
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Hagos, Yemane Mengsteab, Gebrehiwet Tesfay Yalew, Hadush Negash Meles, Ephrem Tsegay, Mulu Lemelem, and Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun. "Hepatitis B and C viral coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients attending ART clinics of Afar regional state, northeast Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 16, 2024): e0302453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0302453.
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Background Hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) coinfection are the major causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The burden of hepatitis among HIV-positive individuals has not been studied in the Afar region. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV coinfection and associated factors among HIV-positive patients in Afar Regional State, northeast Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 477 HIV-positive patients between February 2019 and May 2019. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and associated factors. Five milliliters of blood was collected, and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HCV antibodies were detected using rapid test kits. Positive samples were confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify associated factors. Statistical significance was set at P <0.05. Results Among the 477 study participants, 320/477(67.1%) of them were females and 157(32.9%) males. The overall prevalence of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was 25(5.2%) and 7(1.5%), respectively. Multi-sexual practice was significantly associated with HIV-HBV coinfection (AOR = 5.3; 95% CI: 1.2–24.4, P = 0.032). Conclusion The prevalence of both HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV coinfection was intermediate. Multi-sexual practice was significantly associated with HIV-HBV coinfection. Screening of all HIV-positive patients for HBV and HCV and health education regarding the transmission modes should be considered.
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Qadeer, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Aslamkhan, Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar, and Fazal Ellahi. "High Seropositivity of HIV, Hepatitis and Syphilis in Prisoner Blood Donors than the General Population Volunteers from the Punjab, Pakistan –A Longitudinal 13 Years Study." International Journal of Frontier Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v1i1.10.
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Background: HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis are leading transfusion transmitted infections. Blood donors are screened against these infectious diseases before transfusion to patients.Methods: Data of general population and volunteer prisoner blood donors is retrieved from records of January 2007 to September 2009. Data is analysed using Epi Info version 3.5.1. Blood donors were screened using ELISA method against HCV, HBV, and HIV while VDRL method is used for screening against Syphilis.Results: Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis in general population blood donors is 3.3%, 4.7%, 0.51% and 0.47% respectively. Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and Syphilis in prisoner blood donation is 7.81%. 15.42%, 1.17%, and 7.63% respectively.Conclusion: Prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and Syphilis is high in prisoners as compared to general population.
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Guo, Fuying, and Lingzhou Yang. "Research Progress on HIV/AIDS with Concomitant Hepatitis B Virus and/or Hepatitis C Virus Infection." Infection International 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0099.
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Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involve similar transmission routes, namely, blood, sexual contact, and mother-baby contact. Therefore, HIV infection is usually accompanied by HBV and HCV infections. This observation poses a great challenge to the prevention and treatment of HIV/human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied by HBV and HCV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been extensively applied. Hence, liverrelated diseases have become the main causes of complication and death in HIV-infected individuals. This paper summarizes the current epidemiology, mutual influence, and treatment of HIV/AIDS accompanied by HBV or HCV infection.
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Simpore, Abibou, Alice Kiba-Koumare, Arzouma Paul Yooda, Abel Pegdwendé Sorgho, Abdou Azaque Zoure, Valerie Bapio Bazie, Prosper Bado, et al. "Prevalence of serological markers for Hepatitis B and C Viruses, human immuno-deficiency virus and Treponema pallidum among blood donors in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 16, no. 1 (June 8, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v16i1.2.
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In Sub-Saharan Africa, transfusion safety remains a challenge due to the high endemicity of blood-borne infections. This study aimed to determining the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and Treponema pallidum among blood donors in Ouagadougou. This was a retrospective study in blood donor. HIV 1/2 and HCV antibodies and HBsAg were screened and confirmed with two ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay). While T. pallidum antibodies were also screened and confirmed with two serology tests. Only samples positive for both tests were counted as positive. Prevalence rates were calculated among first-time blood donors. Of 63,779 registered blood donors, 54,113 (84.84%) were first-time donors. Overall seroprevalences of HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum were 2.56%, 11.87%, 5.89% and 3.22% respectively. Seroprevalences of HIV-HBV, HBV-HCV, HBV- T. pallidum and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections were 0.36; 1.21; 0.54 and 0.02 respectively. The study reports that HIV, HBV, HCV and Treponema pallidum seroprevalences remain high among blood donors. These results highlight a potential infectious risk to blood products recipients.
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Baruti, Kabo, Wonderful T. Choga, Bonolo B. Phinius, Basetsana Phakedi, Lynnette Bhebhe, Gorata G. A. Mpebe, Patience C. Motshosi, et al. "Impact of Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection on the Selection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Mutations." Genes 15, no. 8 (July 25, 2024): 982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15080982.
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The interaction of multiple viruses in one host is thought to enhance the development of mutations. However, the impact of hepatitis D virus (HDV) positivity on the development of unique hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) remains poorly understood in African countries, including Botswana. We used HBV sequences generated from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP), which is the largest pair-matched cluster-randomized HIV trial in Botswana. Only participants with available HBV sequences (n = 55) were included in our study ([HIV/HBV-positive (n = 50) and HIV/HBV/HDV-positive (n = 5)]. Geno2pheno was used to determine HBV genotypes, and HBV surface region sequences (all subgenotype A1) were aligned in AliView for mutational analysis, while the impact of mutations was assessed using Phyre2. Our results identified 182 common mutations between the two groups. In the HIV/HBV/HDV cohort, only three mutations (L95W, W156Q, C221Y) were classified as deleterious, with only L95W being the most frequent. In the HIV/HBV cohort, four mutations (W199R, C221A, C221S, W223G) were also classified as deleterious. Our results demonstrate the presence of unique HBV mutations among the HIV/HBV/HDV-positive cohort. Functional characterization of these mutations is recommended to determine their effect on HDV.
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Chang, Man-Huei, Ramal Moonesinghe, Lyna Z. Schieber, and Benedict I. Truman. "Opioid-Related Diagnoses and Concurrent Claims for HIV, HBV, or HCV among Medicare Beneficiaries, United States, 2015." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111768.
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Unsterile opioid injection increases risk for infection transmission, including HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV). We assess prevalence of and risk factors associated with opioid overdose and infections with HIV, HBV, or HCV among Medicare beneficiaries with opioid-related fee-for-service claims during 2015. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to estimate claims for opioid use and overdose and HIV, HBV, or HCV infections, using data from US Medicare fee-for-service claims. Beneficiaries with opioid-related claims had increased odds for HIV (2.3; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.3–2.4), acute HBV (6.7; 95% CI, 6.3–7.1), chronic HBV (5.0; 95% CI, 4.7–5.4), acute HCV (9.6; 95% CI, 9.2–10.0), and chronic HCV (8.9; 95% CI, 8.7–9.1). Beneficiaries with opioid-related claims and for HIV, HBV, or HCV infection, respectively, had a 1.1–1.9-fold odds for having a claim for opioid overdose. Independent risk factors for opioid overdose and each selected infection outcome included age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, and residence in a high-vulnerability county. Having opioid-related claims and selected demographic attributes were independent, significant risk factors for having HIV, HBV, or HCV claims among US Medicare beneficiaries. These results might help guide interventions intended to reduce incidences of HIV, HCV, and HBV infections among beneficiaries with opioid-related claims.
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Shrestha, Lok Bahadur, Gopal K. Yadav, Saugat Pradhan, Abhilasha Sharma, Tejendra Pandit, Roshan Chhetry, and Basudha Khanal. "Co-infection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C among HIV-infected patients: A cross-sectional study from tertiary care hospital of eastern Nepal." PLOS ONE 17, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): e0264791. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264791.
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Introduction This study was conducted with an objective to analyze prevalence and risk factors associated with co-infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HIV-positive patients with reference to their CD4+ T cell status. Materials and methods HIV-positive patients visiting the HIV clinic for CD4+ T cells testing at B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences were tested for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C. Data regarding age, gender, mode of HIV transmission, duration of HIV diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy status, antiretroviral therapy duration, hepatitis B or C status, and CD4+ T cells count were collected via face-to-face interview, and hospital records. The data were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 v16.0 (Microsoft, WA, USA) and statistical analysis was performed by using statistical package for social sciences, IBM SPSS® v21 (IBM, Armonk, New York). Results Out of 474 HIV-positive patients, HIV-HBV, HIV-HCV, and HIV-HBV-HCV co-infections were seen in 2.95% (14/474), 18.14% (86/474), and 2.53% (12/474) respectively. The primary route of infection was intra-venous drug use (IVDU) in those co-infected with HBV only (8, 57.14%), HCV only (46, 53.49%), and both HBV and HCV (8, 66.67%). HIV patients infected via IVDU were 2.40 times more likely to have HIV-HCV co-infection as compared to those infected via sexual route (AOR 2.40, 95% CI: 1.49,3.86). Similarly, HIV patients with CD4+ T cells count less than 350 cells/mm3 were more likely to have HIV-HBV-HCV co-infection as compared to those with CD4 count equal to and more than 350 cells/mm3 (AOR 13.84, 95% CI: 2.90,66.10). Conclusion HIV-positive patients are at high risk of hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C co-infection. Intravenous drug use, and lower CD4+T cells count are the most important risk predictors of co-infection. All HIV-positive patients should be carefully screened with hepatitis B and hepatitis C tests during their follow-up.
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Adoga, Moses P., Edmund B. Banwat, Joseph C. Forbi, Lohya Nimzing, Christopher R. Pam, Silas D. Gyar, Yusuf A. Agabi, and Simon M. Agwale. "Human immunonodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus: sero-prevalence, co-infection and risk factors among prison inmates in Nasarawa State, Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 3, no. 07 (August 30, 2009): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.472.
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Background: Published data on HIV, HBV, and HCV in correctional facilities in Nigeria is scarce. We set out to establish the seroprevalence, co-infection, and risk factors for these infections for the first time among prison inmates in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Methodology: In a cross-sectional study conducted between April and May, 2007, blood samples were collected from 300 male prisoners of a mean age of 29.2 years, in the state’s four medium-security prisons (overall population: 587). Prior to the study, ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained and structured questionnaires were administered. Samples were analyzed for HIV, HBsAg, and HCV using anti-HIV 1+2-EIA-avicenna, ShantestTM-HBsAg ELISA, and anti-HCV-EIA-avicenna, respectively. Specimens initially reactive for HIV were retested with vironostika microelisa. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13.0. P values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: Of the 300 subjects, 54 (18.0 %), 69 (23.0 %), and 37 (12.3 %) tested positive for HIV, HBV, and HCV, respectively. Co-infections were eight (2.7 %) for HIV/HBV and two (0.7 %) for HBV/HCV. Those aged 21-26 years were more likely to be infected with HIV and HBV, while those aged 33-38 years had the highest HCV infection. Associated risk factors included duration in prison, previous incarceration (for HIV, HBV and HCV), intra-prison anal sex, multiple sex partners (for HIV and HBV), ignorance of transmission modes, blood transfusion, and alcohol consumption (for HBV and HCV). No inmate injected drugs. Conclusions: The overall outcome represents the need for prison-focused intervention initiatives in Nigeria. Injected drug use is an unlikely major transmission mode among Nigerian inmates.
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Feoktistova, E. P., D. Yu Konstantinov, E. S. Malova, and I. P. Balmasova. "Contagious order as a risk factor for liver fibrosis progression in co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses." Journal Infectology 15, no. 4 (January 11, 2024): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2023-15-4-85-94.
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In triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV, the prognosis is significantly poorer and life expectancy is lower because of the rapid progression of liver fibrosis or development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that one of the risk factors for the unfavorable course of HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is contagious order and the interval between coinfections. The study analyzed anamnestic data and the results of direct follow-up of 97 patients co-infected with HIV/HCV/HBV for 1-2 years. Patients were divided into three study groups: (1) HIV as the first pathogen, (2) HCV as the first pathogen, and (3) HBV as the first pathogen. For each patient, the period (in years) between the acquisition of the first and subsequent pathogens was considered. During the fol-low-up period, viral HIV, HCV, and HBV load was assessed by PCR, and annual transient liver fibro-elastometry was performed to determine the fibrosis stage using the METAVIR scoring system. The risk of progressive liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection is higher when HIV or HBV is the first pathogen, but the interval between the acquisition of HBV and other viruses is 10 years. Meanwhile, a stable course of liver fibrosis is associated with an HBV viral load of >7,200 copies/ml. In the risk group, the most effective antiretroviral therapy was a combination of reverse transcriptase inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, and direct antiviral (anti-HCV) drugs. Therefore, the order of infection and intervals between pathogen acquisition in triple co-infection with HIV/HCV/HBV have a significant effect on liver fibrosis progression, which requires specific approaches to the organization of diagnostic tests and the control of antiretroviral therapy.
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Suman, Sonu. "Clinical, haematological, and biochemical profile of HIV patient co-infected with hepatitis B and /or C." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 8, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 3955. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204885.
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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population is at higher risk of getting infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) or both. Co-infection with HBV/HCV may possibly complicate the clinical course of HIV in infected patients. Aim and objectives of the study were intended to determine clinical, haematological and biochemical profile of HIV patients co infected with hepatitis B and/or C.Methods: All consecutive patients presented with HIV infection who were coinfected with either Hepatitis B, C or both presenting to immunodeficiency or Gastroenterology OPD Base Hospital Delhi, were included in the study. It was a prospective, observational study.Results: HIV impacts the progression of HCV and increases the likelihood of subsequent liver damage as it is apparent in study by significant raised liver enzymes and hypoalbuminemia in HIV-HCV co infection compare to HIV–HBV. Conclusions: These coinfections are more common in younger and lesser educated people. Biochemical parameters could serve as pointers for early detection of liver disease as result of hepatitis co infections in HIV patients. Prompt diagnosis of HCV and HBV co-infection in HIV patients has both individual and public health benefits.
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Pseush, S. Yu, L. V. Zozulya, and L. L. Mikhaleva. "The predictive value indicators of first trimester biochemical screening in assessing unfavorable factors of pregnancy course in women with HIV as well as hepatitis B and C." Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 15, no. 6 (January 12, 2022): 686–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2021.240.
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Aim: to find out the predictive value of blood serum biochemical parameters PAPP-A (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A) and β-hCG (beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin) in the assessment of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes in women infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as viral hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV).Materials and Methods. A retrospective study of the medical records from 52 women was carried out, including 19 HIV-infected women, 9 women with monoinfection HBV or HCV, 11 pregnant women who were co-infected (HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV) and 13 uninfected women. PAPP-A and β-hCG levels, expressed as MoM (multiple of median), were evaluated in all women.Results. Our study revealed that only PAPP-A was prognostically significant for developing chronic placental insufficiency in women with HIV infection and co-infection of HIV together hepatitis B and C. None of the parameters examined were significant in women with HBV or HCV monoinfection. PAPP-A and β-hCG in pregnant women without infections were effective in predicting development of chronic placental insufficiency.Conclusion. PAPP-A can be used as a diagnostic parameter of developing chronic placental insufficiency in pregnant women with monoinfection HIV and co-infection with HIV/HBV or HIV/HCV.
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Pollitt, Helen, and Durba Raha. "P250 An audit of the care and monitoring of patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis C in gum in edinburgh: need for better documentation identified." Sexually Transmitted Infections 93, Suppl 1 (June 2017): A98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053232.292.
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IntroductionHepatitis C (HCV) in HIV patients increases risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsWe used the BHIVA guidelines on co-infection to formulate our data fields to audit our compliance with these guidelines. We gathered information from 4 different IT systems used locally and paper notes; looking back over 5 years. Data fields include: Dates of HIV and HCV diagnoses, GP contact, transmission risk, latest CD4 count, ARV regimen, date ARV started, CD4 at ARV start, was HCV diagnosed when ARV started?, HCV treatment regimen, if acute HCV was treatment started within 6-12 months, referral to specialist, transplant, drug, alcohol and mental health services, HEV screening, HAV and HBV serology and vaccine, fibroscan, LFTs, liver biopsy, risk reduction discussion, cirrhosis on liver ultrasound, AFP, endoscopy, if no HCV treatment do they have annual fibrosis assessment?ResultsAbstract P250 Table 1Number of patients identified under GUM with HCV-HIV co-infection = 16Patients referred to speciality12/16Patients treated6/16Mode of transmission documented2/16Discussion of risk of transmission documented1/16Cirrhosis3/16Ever had fibroscan5/16Patients referred to speciality12/16Patients treated6/16Mode of transmission documented2/16Discussion of risk of transmission documented1/16Cirrhosis3/16Ever had fibroscan5/16AFP in last year2/3Endoscopy documented2/3HCV treated2/3Non-treated patients (10)Annual fibrosis assessment0/10Cirrhotic patients (3/16)DiscussionIn our HIV patients documentation of HCV care is spread over four IT systems and paper notes. The collation of data to ensure each patient is receiving appropriate care and monitoring is time-consuming and unwieldy, probably the main cause for incomplete monitoring. This audit identifies a need for a cohesive way of documentation for these patients.
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Ramezani, A., M. Mohraz, A. Aghakhani, M. Banifazl, A. Eslamifar, A. Khadem-Sadegh, and A. A. Velayati. "Frequency of isolated hepatitis B core antibody in HIV-hepatitis C virus co-infected individuals." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 5 (May 2009): 336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008377.
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Association between isolated hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been noted in HIV-infected individuals. This study describes the frequency of isolated anti-HBc and its possible value for the detection of HBV-DNA in HIV-infected patients with or without HCV co-infection. Ninety-two HIV-infected patients were enrolled in the study. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag), anti-HBs, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HIV viral load and CD4 count were tested in all subjects. Then we compared 63 subjects with HIV-HCV co-infection with 29 subjects with HIV infection alone regarding isolated anti-HBc (HBs Ag negative, anti-HBs negative and anti-HBc positive). The presence of HBV-DNA was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction in serum samples of patients with isolated anti-HBc. Of 63 anti-HCV-positive patients, 18 subjects (28.6%, 95% [confidence interval] CI: 22.6–34.6%), and of 29 anti-HCV-negative patients, five subjects (17.2%, 95% CI: 11.5–22.9%) had isolated anti-HBc. HBV-DNA was detectable in three of 18 anti-HCV-positive patients (16.7%, 95% CI: 9.7–23.7%) and none of the anti-HCV-negative patients with isolated anti-HBc. Our study showed that individuals co-infected with HIV and HCV were more likely to have isolated anti-HBc than subjects with HIV alone. This investigation also demonstrates that the presence of isolated anti-HBc in HIV-HCV-infected individuals may reflect occult HBV infection in these patients.
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Bosh, K. A., J. R. Coyle, V. Hansen, E. M. Kim, S. Speers, M. Comer, L. M. Maddox, et al. "HIV and viral hepatitis coinfection analysis using surveillance data from 15 US states and two cities." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 7 (April 11, 2018): 920–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818000766.
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AbstractCoinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and viral hepatitis is associated with high morbidity and mortality in the absence of clinical management, making identification of these cases crucial. We examined characteristics of HIV and viral hepatitis coinfections by using surveillance data from 15 US states and two cities. Each jurisdiction used an automated deterministic matching method to link surveillance data for persons with reported acute and chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, to persons reported with HIV infection. Of the 504 398 persons living with diagnosed HIV infection at the end of 2014, 2.0% were coinfected with HBV and 6.7% were coinfected with HCV. Of the 269 884 persons ever reported with HBV, 5.2% were reported with HIV. Of the 1 093 050 persons ever reported with HCV, 4.3% were reported with HIV. A greater proportion of persons coinfected with HIV and HBV were males and blacks/African Americans, compared with those with HIV monoinfection. Persons who inject drugs represented a greater proportion of those coinfected with HIV and HCV, compared with those with HIV monoinfection. Matching HIV and viral hepatitis surveillance data highlights epidemiological characteristics of persons coinfected and can be used to routinely monitor health status and guide state and national public health interventions.
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Fouelifack Ymele, Florent, Basile Keugoung, Jeanne Hortense Fouedjio, Nadege Kouam, Sandrine Mendibi, and Jacqueline Dongtsa Mabou. "High Rates of Hepatitis B and C and HIV Infections among Blood Donors in Cameroon: A Proposed Blood Screening Algorithm for Blood Donors in Resource-Limited Settings." Journal of Blood Transfusion 2012 (October 10, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/458372.
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Background. Infections with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are currently major public health problems. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted from January to June 2008 at the Blood Bank of the Central Hospital, Yaoundé (Cameroon). The objective was to study the prevalence of HIV, HBV, and HCV and their coinfections among blood donors. Results. A total of 4650 donors were identified, and the sex ratio (male/female) was 14/1. The median age of donors was 28 years (range: 16 to 69 years). Among blood donors, HBV, HIV, and HCV infection prevalences were 12.14% (n=565) , 4.44% (n=206), and 1.44% (n=67), respectively. Coinfection with HIV and HBV was observed among 0.77% donors, followed by hepatitis B and C co-infection (0.21%) and HIV and HCV coinfection (0.06%). Co-infection with HIV-HBV-HCV was encountered in 2 donors. The HIV, HBV, and HCV infections lead to a destruction of one out of six sets of blood collected. Conclusion. There is a need to review policies for blood collection from donors, by modifying the algorithm of blood donors testing. Pretesting potential donors using rapid tests could help to avoid collection and destruction of (infected) blood.
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Anh, Le Hieu Thuy, and Suchada Thaweesit. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B AND C CO-INFECTION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN VIETNAM." Belitung Nursing Journal 5, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.813.
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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading causes of death from infectious diseases. Because of sharing same transmission routes, the co-infection of HIV with HBV or HCV is common. And the co-infections make HIV infected persons have higher morbidity and mortality than those who infected only with HIV. This study aims to investigate factors that may have influence on the co-infections of HBV or HCV among HIV positive individuals.Objective: The goals of this study were to identify factors associated with the co-infection of HBV or HCV among people living with HIV. Methods: Quantitative research method was applied in this study to examine factors associated with HBV or HCV co-infection among HIV infected people. A total of 250 HIV infected individuals in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam were the sample of this study. It employed the Social Ecological Model (SEM) as a theoretical perspective that focused on multiple levels of factors. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the general characteristics of the respondents. And Binary logistic regression was carried out to measure the influence of factors on the co-infection. Results: The multivariate analysis of this study showed that HIV-HBV co-infection was associated significantly with residents of Nha Trang (OR= 7.179). Regarding HIV-HCV co-infection, being men (OR= 7.617), unemployed (OR= 4.013), a resident of Nha Trang (OR=10.894) and an injecting drug user (OR= 16.688) were risk factors of the co-infection.Conclusions: This study recommended that intervention strategies to prevent HIV-positive individuals from co-infection with either HBV or HCV should focuses on altering individuals’ risk behaviors and their socio-economic environments. Also, specific preventing programs should be implemented and focus on unemployed populations, injecting drug users, men in general, as well as people living in particular areas, especially cities having a large number of people living with HIV.
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Sattarova, Gulsunai. "PREVALENCE AND GENOTYPES OF HEPATITIS B AND C VIRUS AMONG HIV-INFECTED PEOPLE." Alatoo Academic Studies 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.17015/aas.2023.233.50.
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Viruses of parenteral hepatitis HBV, HCV and human immunodeficiency (HIV) are characterized by similar transmission routes and risk groups, in which the probability of acquiring two or more of these infections at once is increased. The aim of the research is to study the prevalence and determine the genotypes of hepatitis B and C virus circulating among HIV-infected people. The results of the studies show a high prevalence of HCV markers (HCV – 45% and HBV- 16%) among HIV-infected people. Co-infected patients had high viral replication of HBV (60%) and HCV (62.7%). Аlso by molecular genetic method, HBV DNA was detected among HBsAg negative and HCV RNA in the absence of anti- HCV. Among those co-infected with HIV+HCV, genotype 1b of hepatitis C virus prevailed so the proportion of the total number was 45.7%. Among those co-infected with HIV+HBV, genotype D of the hepatitis B virus prevailed, which amounted to 70%. The genetic diversity of variants of hepatitis B and C viruses among HIV-infected people is similar to the diversity observed in the general population of the republic.
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Huy, Bùi Vũ, Kanxay Vernavong, and Nguyễn Văn Kính. "HBV and HCV Coinfection among HIV/AIDS Patients in the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Vietnam." AIDS Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/581021.
Full textAbstract:
Aim. To examine prevalence and characterization of HBV and HCV coinfection among HIV/AIDS patients.Methods. This cross-sectional, retrospective study analyzed 724 HIV/AIDS patients in the HIV clinic at the National Hospital of Tropical Diseases (NHTD), from 5/2005 to 4/2011.Results. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection was 50.3% (364/724), of which HbsAg, HCV, and both of HbsAg, and HCV positivity were 8.4%, 35.4%, and 6.5%, respectively. The cohort (364 patients) with HBV, HCV, and HIV coinfection live in the 30 provinces/cities in the North and Central area of Vietnam. We found statistically significant associations between heightened risk of coinfection with HIV and HCV in the age group 30–39 years (P<0.001), male gender (P<0.001), never married patients (P<0.001), patients with a history of injection drug use (P<0.001), and clinical stages 2–4 (P<0.001). Coinfection with HBV/HIV was statistically significant associations between heightened risk of marital status (never married) (P<0.001) and those who reported transmission through sexual intercourse.Conclusion. Coinfection with viral hepatitis is common in HIV patients; further study of the impact and evolution of coinfection is necessary to find effective treatment algorithms.