Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV treatment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV treatment"

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Dickson-Spillmann, Maria, Severin Haug, Ambros Uchtenhagen, Philip Bruggmann, and Michael P. Schaub. "Rates of HIV and Hepatitis Infections in Clients Entering Heroin-Assisted Treatment between 2003 and 2013 and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection." European Addiction Research 22, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441973.

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Background/Aims: We report on the rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in Switzerland from 2003 to 2013. We identify predictors of HCV infection. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires within 2 weeks of clients' first entry into HAT. Prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV was calculated using laboratory test results collected at entry or using reports of older test results. Predictors of HCV status were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Results show stable rates of HIV-positive clients and decreasing proportions of HAV- and HBV-infected clients. In 2013, there were 12% (n = 8) HIV-, 20% (n = 12) HAV-, 20% (n = 12) HBV- and 52% HCV- (n = 34) positive clients. Vaccination against HAV and HBV had become more frequent. Predictors of positive HCV status included older age, female gender, earlier year of entry, having spent 1 month or more in detention or prison, use of injected heroin and more years of intravenous use. Conclusion: Our results highlight the fact that efforts to prevent and test for infections and to promote vaccination against HAV and HBV in heroin users need to be continued.
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Cooper, Curtis L., and Ed Mills. "Comparison of first antiretroviral treatment duration and outcome in HIV, HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV infection." International Journal of STD & AIDS 18, no. 8 (August 1, 2007): 546–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646207781439838.

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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection may differentially influence HIV treatment duration and outcome. This was assessed at The Ottawa Hospital Immunodeficiency Clinic in first-time highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) recipients visited between January 2000 and December 2004. Of 968 patients, 526/700 (75%) HIV, 173/230 (75%) HIV–HCV and 30/38 (79%) HIV–HBV-infected patients initiated HAART. Co-infected patients stopped treatment sooner (HBV – 10 months, HCV – 9 months) than HIV mono-infected (17 months) ( P<0.001). Injection drug history predicted shorter treatment duration (odds ratio [OR]1.59, P<0.001). Use of non-nucleoside-reverse-transcriptase-inhibitor-containing HAART (OR 0.76, P<0.01) and low-dose ritonavir (<400 mg twice daily)-based HAART (OR 0.83, P = 0.06) predicted longer treatment duration. HCV co-infection did not predict duration of therapy (OR 1.19, P=0.19) once controlled for by these three variables. Poor adherence was a major explanation for eventual treatment interruption in those with HIV–HCV (22% versus 5% in HIV alone; P<0.001) as was substance abuse (7% versus < 1% in HIV; P<0.001). Metabolic complications resulted in HAART interruption in HIV mono-infection (8%) but not with HBV or HCV co-infection (both <1%; P<0.001). Antiretroviral selection is critical to the longevity of initially prescribed regimens, irrespective of viral hepatitis co-infection. Attention to this and strategies targeting substance abuse and adherence in HIV–HCV are predicted to increase the duration of HAART.
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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.412.

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Abstract Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
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Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.bloodjournal812412.

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Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.
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Guo, Fuying, and Lingzhou Yang. "Research Progress on HIV/AIDS with Concomitant Hepatitis B Virus and/or Hepatitis C Virus Infection." Infection International 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0099.

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Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involve similar transmission routes, namely, blood, sexual contact, and mother-baby contact. Therefore, HIV infection is usually accompanied by HBV and HCV infections. This observation poses a great challenge to the prevention and treatment of HIV/human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied by HBV and HCV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been extensively applied. Hence, liverrelated diseases have become the main causes of complication and death in HIV-infected individuals. This paper summarizes the current epidemiology, mutual influence, and treatment of HIV/AIDS accompanied by HBV or HCV infection.
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Brook, M. G., K. Jones, A. W. S. Dale, and R. F. Miller. "Management of HIV and hepatitis B or C co-infection in 15 HIV treatment centres. Disparity between protocols and practice." International Journal of STD & AIDS 14, no. 7 (July 1, 2003): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646203322025777.

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Our aim was to ascertain current guidelines and clinical practices prevalent in HIV treatment centres in the North Thames Region of England on the care of patients co-infected with HIV and hepatitis B or C. A self-completed postal survey of clinic guidelines and retrospective case-note reviews was performed. Fifteen of the 27 units completed the survey and generally had clinic guidelines consistent with current national guidelines. Stated policy was usually to screen HIV patients for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to offer specific therapy for the hepatitis as well as the HIV. Many units were unable to contribute cases to the case-note review, probably through lack of case-identification, and therefore 11 units contributed 27 case-note reviews on HIV/HBV and five units contributed 11 case-note reviews on HIV/HCV. Fifty-six percent (25/45) of patients of HBV patients were HBeAg+ve and 88% (22/25) of these had received specific hepatitis B therapy although for 59% (13/22) this was with lamivudine as part of a highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen. None of the HIV/HCV patients had received or been referred for HCV-specific therapy. Testing for hepatitis A immunity in HBV or HCV patients with a view to vaccination was done in only 50% although 96% of HIV/HCV patients had been screened for HBV. There are significant differences between the clinics' intended and actual management of HIV and chronic viral hepatitis co-infection.
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Boston, Naomi S., and Judianne C. Slish. "Management of HIV Infection in Persons Co-infected With Hepatitis." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 18, no. 4 (August 2005): 295–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190005278509.

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Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and/or hepatitis B virus (HBV) is becoming a rampant disparity in HIV-infected patients. The advent of antiretroviral therapy has led to agents that are effective for suppression of both HIV and HBV; however, this can not be extrapolated to patients who are coinfected with HCV. Treatment of HCV disease is often strenuous and can lead to untoward adverse effects. Co-infection with HIV often leads to higher rates of cirrhosis and liver failure in patients with HBV or HCV, compromising antiretroviral treatment in this patient population due to the hepatotoxicity of these agents. The purpose of this review is to familiarize health care providers to the management of HIV infection in patients who are also co-infected with HBV or HCV.
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Ranin, J., D. Salemovic, B. Brmbolic, J. Marinkovic, I. Boricic, Pavlovic I. Pesic, S. Zerjav, M. Stanojevic, and D. Jevtovic. "Comparison of Demographic, Epidemiological, Immunological, and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with HIV Mono-infection Versus Patients Co-infected with HCV or/and HBV: A Serbian Cohort Study." Current HIV Research 16, no. 3 (October 16, 2018): 222–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x16666180717115614.

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Objective:The study aimed to correlate the status of hepatitis C (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) co-infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with clinical and demographic data prior to starting highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and assess the impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on the natural history of HIV infection.Patients and Methods:The study involved a total of 836 treatment-naive patients with available serological status for HBV and HCV at the point of therapy initiation. Patients were stratified into four groups: HIV mono-infection, HIV/HCV, HIV/HBV, and HIV/HCV/HBV co-infection. Demographic, epidemiological, immunological and clinical characteristics were analyzed in order to assess the possible impact of HCV and HBV co-infection on HIV - related immunodeficiency and progression to AIDS.Results:The prevalence of HCV and HBV co-infection in our cohort was 25.7% and 6.3%, respectively. Triple HIV/HCV/HBV infection was recorded in 1.7% of the patients. In comparison with those co-infected with HCV, patients with HIV mono-infection had lower levels of serum liver enzymes activity and higher CD4 cell counts, and were less likely to have CD4 cell counts below100 cells/µL and clinical AIDS, with OR 0.556 and 0.561, respectively. No difference in the development of advanced immunodeficiency and/or AIDS was recorded between patients with HIV monoinfection and those co-infected with HBV, or both HCV/HBV.Conclusion:HIV/HCV co-infection was found to be more prevalent than HIV/HBV co-infection in a Serbian cohort. Co-infection with HCV was related to more profound immunodeficiency prior to therapy initiation, reflecting a possible unfavorable impact of HCV on the natural history of HIV infection.
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Seyoum, Eleni, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Andargachew Mulu, Alemseged Abdissa, and Yemane Berhane. "HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus co-infection among HIV positives in antiretroviral treatment program in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa: A retrospective cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 22, 2022): e0267230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267230.

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Introduction HIV co-infection with hepatitis B (HIV-HBV) and hepatitis C (HIV-HCV) is known to affect treatment outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, its magnitude is not well documented. We aimed to determine the magnitude of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections simultaneously in people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolled in ART care in Addis Ababa. Methods We reviewed the medical records of adults ≥15 years who were receiving ART care in three high burden hospitals in Addis Ababa. Baseline clinical and laboratory test results were extracted from medical records. Co-infection was determined based on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) tests obtained from the medical records. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis B and C co-infections. Results A total of 873 HIV-positive participants were included in this study. The median age of the participants was 37.5 years, and 55.7% were women. Overall, HIV-HBV co-infection was 5.96% (95% CI: 4.56–7.74), and HIV-HCV co-infection was 1.72% (95% CI: 1.03–2.83). The multivariable logistic regression showed that the male sex was the most independent predictor for viral hepatitis B co-infection with an odds ratio of 2.42(95% CI:1.27–4.63). However, HIV-HCV co-infection did not show a significant association in any of the sociodemographic data of the participants. Conclusion HIV co-infection with hepatitis B was moderately high in individuals enrolled in ART care in Addis Ababa. Men had significantly higher HIV-HBV co-infection. HIV co-infection with hepatitis C was relatively low. Strengthening integrated viral hepatitis services with HIV care and treatment services should be emphasized to improve patient care in health facilities.
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Barbosa da Silva, Emerson, Carolina Silva Matheus, Camila dos Santos Chagas, Daniela Rodrigues Pereira, and Anita de Carvalho Garcias. "Use of Dolutegravir in Hiv Treatment." Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology Research 5, no. 6 (April 26, 2022): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-7247/077.

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The present work deals with the theme of the use of the retroviral Dolutegravir in the fight against the HIV virus, aiming to present the pharmacological aspects of the drug. The thematic focus was guided by two major interconnected questions: a) how has the evolution of the disease occurred in Brazil and which policies have been adopted in the fight against HIV/AIDS; b) how is Dolutegravir being used to face this epidemic? The methodological procedures adopted were the research of some normative documents and materials considered of reference in the area. As a result, it was evidenced that because it is a drug that had its use approved in August/2013 by the FDA in the USA and by the European Commission in January/2014, Dolutegravir presents itself as a new efficient pharmacological option for the treatment/coping of HIV/AIDS in the country, incorporated in 2017 to the ministry of health to minimize infection in patients with cross-resistance to other drugs used.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV treatment"

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Bansi, L. K. "Treatment strategies in HIV." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1335616/.

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The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to significant improvements in survival and morbidity for HIV-positive patients. Though HIV can now be well managed with treatment, interlinked barriers to successful treatment are still prevalent. In particular, low adherence to therapy, resistance to drugs and drug toxicity can have a considerable impact on the success of HAART. The potential of HAART is limited from the outset if patients are infected with a drug-resistant virus. Evidence suggests that a small minority of patients are starting HAART with drugs that the virus is resistant to, and consequently, are less likely to achieve virological suppression. A large proportion of resistance tests performed after patients‟ start HAART are not followed by a switch within 4 months of the result being received. This raises questions as to why the test was performed and whether limited future drug options are of concern. A single abnormal laboratory value may be the result of random fluctuations and may not necessarily be a reason for concern over drug toxicity. I derive a more stringent definition of an ALT flare and compare this definition with that commonly found in the literature. Treatment interruptions, perhaps due to drug toxicity, should not take place when the viral load is detectable. Patients who have achieved viral suppression after interrupting treatment and who have failed a higher number of HAART regimens are at a greater risk of viral rebound, though this risk is reduced substantially as duration of suppression increases. A score to characterise laboratory abnormalities is derived and used to predict mortality. Several methods were used; I felt the most appropriate was that based on the estimates from a regression model in which the current laboratory measurements were fitted; only three routinely measured laboratory measures were needed to calculate the score.
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Decloedt, Eric Hermann. "Treatment of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29616.

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Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) invades the central nervous system (CNS) as early as 8 days after HIV infection, causing a wide spectrum of neuropathological changes including HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). HAND is a spectrum of cognitive impairment, which in its most severe form cause marked interference with day-to-day functioning (HIV-associated dementia). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has substantially reduced the incidence of HIV-associated dementia, but has not had an impact on the overall prevalence of HAND. The prevalence of milder stages of HAND in ART experienced individuals varies from 15 - 50%. Transporters expressed in the blood brain barrier and blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier affect influx and efflux of drugs including antiretrovirals. Antiretrovirals that have better penetration into the CNS may result in improved cognitive function in patients with HAND, however this has not yet been conclusively shown. On the other hand, prolonged CNS exposure to high antiretroviral concentrations has been proposed as a cause of secondary decline in cognitive function as several antiretrovirals are neurotoxic. Efavirenz in particular, but also tenofovir and emtricitabine, have been shown to have direct neurotoxicity in preclinical models. Polymorphisms in genes that encode these enzymes or transporters may therefore affect antiretroviral CSF concentrations. Africans are the most genetically diverse population worldwide and South Africa has the world’s largest ART programme, with most of patients currently receiving efavirenz-tenofovir-emtricitabine. The impact of pharmacogenetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz-tenofovir-emtricitabine CNS penetration are lacking. A number of adjunctive pharmacotherapies for HAND have been studied, including lithium. Multiple mechanisms have been suggested for the potential beneficial cognitive effect of lithium, including the inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3- beta, which mediates inflammation signaling pathways and neuronal apoptosis. Lithium has been used in mood disorders and other neuropsychiatric conditions for more than 40 years. In addition, lithium is a low-cost drug and widely available in public service settings in low and middle-income countries. There is a need for controlled data to evaluate the efficacy of lithium as adjunctive therapy for HAND. Finally, it is unknown whether lithium causes additive nephrotoxicity in combination with tenofovir. Methods We conducted a 24-week randomised placebo-controlled trial of lithium as adjunctive pharmacotherapy in participants with moderate to severe HAND established on ART for at least 6 months, with suppressed viral loads. We randomised 66 participants to lithium (n=32) or placebo (n= 34). Our primary efficacy endpoint was the change in Global Deficit Score (GDS) from baseline to 24 weeks, while our secondary endpoint was the change in proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS) brain metabolite concentrations. We collected paired plasma-CSF samples in 47 adult participants with and without HAND treated with efavirenz-tenofovir-emtricitabine. We considered 2049 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including SNPs known to affect plasma efavirenz exposure, from potentially relevant genes (ABCC5, ABCG2, ABCB1, SLCO2B1, SCLO1A2, ABCC4, CYP2B6 and CYP2A6) and 880 met a linkage disequilibrium (LD)-pruning threshold. We investigated genetic polymorphisms associated with CSF exposure of efavirenz and its metabolites, tenofovir and emtricitabine. The secondary objective was to explore the pharmacokineticpharmacodynamic relationships with neurocognitive performance. Finally, we investigated the change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in participants who received concomitant tenofovir and lithium. Results The median change in GDS between baseline and week 24 for the lithium and placebo arms were -0.57 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.77, -0.32) and -0.56 (-0.69, -0.34) respectively, with a mean difference of -0.054 (95% CI -0.26, 0.15); p = 0.716. The improvement remained similar when analysed according to age, severity of impairment, CD4+ count, time on ART and ART regimen. Standard 1 H-MRS metabolite concentrations were similar between the treatment arms. The study drug was well tolerated in both study arms. There was no statistically significant difference in the reduction in eGFR or in potassium between the two arms during the 24 weeks. A model that included the composite CYP2B6 15582/516/983 genotype in univariate analyses best predicted the log10-transformed concentrations of plasma efavirenz, plasma 7-hydroxy-efavirenz, plasma 8-hydroxyefavirenz-to-efavirenz ratio and CSF efavirenz. Lower plasma 7-hydroxy-efavirenz concentrations were independently associated with CYP2A6 rs10853742, ABCB1 rs115780656 and CYP2A6 -48A→C. The CYP2A6 -48A→C polymorphism was independently associated with higher CSF 8-hydroxy-efavirenz-to-efavirenz ratio. The CYP2B6 rs2279345 polymorphism was associated with lower plasma 7-hydroxy-efavirenzto-efavirenz ratio in univariate on multivariate analyses adjusting for CYP2B6 516G→T and 983T→C. No polymorphisms were associated with CSF-to-plasma ratios of all 3 drugs, plasma or CSF 8-hydroxy-efavirenz, tenofovir or emtricitabine concentrations, or neurocognitive performance. Conclusion Adjunctive lithium pharmacotherapy in patients on ART with HAND was well tolerated but had no additional benefit on neurocognitive impairment. We found that 24-week treatment of HIV-infected patients with lithium and tenofovir did not result in increased nephrotoxicity. We identified novel genetic associations with plasma efavirenz, plasma 7-hydroxy-efavirenz, plasma 7-hydroxy-efavirenz-to-efavirenz ratio, plasma 8-hydroxy-efavirenz-to-efavirenz ratio, CSF 8-hydroxy-efavirenz-to-efavirenz ratio and CSF efavirenz.
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Fialho, Renata. "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of hepatitis C treatment in HIV/HCV co-infection." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71260/.

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Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Interferon alpha based treatment for HCV offers a good rate of viral clearance, however the associated neuropsychiatric side effects increase the risk of treatment interruption and disease progression. The HIV/HCV coinfection is of particular interest due to association with higher rates of HCV treatment side effects and earlier treatment discontinuation when compared with HCV mono-infection. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to further explore the effect of coinfection on mood and cognition and how HCV interferon based treatment influences neuropsychiatric side effects in mono and co-infected samples. Firstly a meta-analysis was performed to explore cognitive impairment and depression in HIV HCV co-infection. The results suggested that there was consistent literature indicating that the coinfected group were more cognitively impaired and more likely to be depressed than the HCV and HIV monoinfected groups. Secondly empirical studies were conducted to analyse the profile of depression during interferon-based treatment, and explore potential risk factors, such as gender and immune profile. Co-infected patients appeared less vulnerable to the emergence of depressive symptoms during HCV treatment than HCV mono-infected patients. Additionally, neither female gender nor immune response were associated with increased vulnerability to depression. Finally, a longitudinal study investigating cognitive performance during interferon-based treatment was conducted. A significant effect of treatment on information processing speed level of executive function was observed. Overall the research reported in this thesis further clarifies the nature of interferon induced depression and cognitive effects differences between mono and coinfected groups. Having identified a neurovegetative symptom profile and speed of processing impairment of executive function during HCV treatment, the discussion considers the potential of targeted interventions via psychotropic medication and cognitive interventions to minimise the impact of these treatment effects and optimise outcomes in this clinical group.
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Weverling, Gerrit Jan. "Measuring treatment response in HIV-1 infection." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2000. http://dare.uva.nl/document/83204.

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Hill, Alison Lynn. "Dynamics of HIV treatment and social contagion." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10814.

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Modern-day management of infectious diseases is critically linked to the use of mathematical models to understand and predict dynamics at many levels, from the mechanisms of pathogenesis to the patterns of population-wide transmission and evolution. This thesis describes the development and application of mathematical techniques for HIV infection and dynamics on social networks. Treatment of HIV infection has improved dramatically in the past few decades but is still limited by the development of drug resistance and the inability of current therapies to completely eradicate the virus from an individual. We begin with a synthesis of the important evolutionary principles governing the HIV epidemic, emphasizing the role of modeling. We then describe a modeling framework to study the emergence of drug-resistant HIV within a patient. Our model integrates laboratory data and patient behavior, with the goal of predicting outcomes of clinical trials. Current results demonstrate how pharmacologic properties of antiretroviral drugs affect selection for drug resistance, and can explain drug-class-specific resistance risks. Thirdly, we describe models for a new class of drugs that aim to eliminate cells with latent viral infection. We provide estimates for the required efficacy of these drugs and describe the potential challenges of future clinical trials. Finally, models and mechanisms for understanding viral dynamics are increasingly finding applications outside traditional virology. They can be used to study the dynamics of behaviors, to help predict and intervene in their spread. We describe techniques for applying infectious disease models to social contagion, drawing on techniques for network epidemiology. We use this framework to interpret data on the interpersonal spread of health-related behaviors.
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Grint, D. "The natural history, treatment strategies and clinical outcomes of HIV/HCV coinfection." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1470765/.

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While the rate of AIDS-related death has declined, as a consequence of the effectiveness of antiviral treatment for HIV, HIV/HCV coinfection and in particular liver-related death (LRD) has assumed increasing importance. This thesis aims to analyse important epidemiological areas of HIV/HCV coinfection to improve the knowledge base of the subject and provide guidance to clinicians in a fast moving area of research. Data for this thesis are from the EuroSIDA study, which is a large multi-centre pan-European prospective observational cohort study with over 18,000 HIV-positive individuals including approaching 5,000 HIV/HCV coinfected individuals. The study was initiated in 1994 and continues to expand and diversify to meet current research needs. Results from the studies included in this thesis have shown that treatment for HIV in coinfected individuals can also have a beneficial effect on the natural course of HCV, with HCV viral load remaining stable over time in those treated for HIV compared with increasing HCV viral load in those not yet treated. The incidence of treatment for HCV has steadily increased in Europe to 4.7 per 100 PYFU in 2010, but remains low with just 25% of eligible patients receiving treatment. LRD accounts for more than a fifth of deaths in this population, with significant liver fibrosis and those triple infected with HBV at increased risk. The 5-year probability of LRD is low for those with F0/F1 fibrosis (2.2%), but increases substantially for those with F2/F3 (10.3%) and F4 (14.0%) fibrosis. With potent new treatments for HCV coming to market, it is clear that while they remain prohibitively expensive they should be targeted at those at the greatest risk of LRD. The prognostic LRD score derived here will help clinicians to make difficult decisions on who should be prioritised for HCV treatment.
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Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.

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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.
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Bocanegra, Monica Elizabeth. "Medication Treatment and Neuropsychological Functioning in Perinatal HIV." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/74.

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This study confirmed whether children on the current treatment of choice for HIV infection, Highly Active Antiretroviral Treatment (HAART), exhibit better immune functioning than children on earlier forms of treatment, including sole exposure to Monotherapy/Combination Therapy (Mono-Combo) and "upgrading" from Mono-Combo to HAART (Conversion). It explored whether HAART protects areas of neuropsychological functioning previously found to be compromised in children perinatally infected with HIV more effectively than these earlier treatments. This study includes a unique population (i.e., predominantly minority, low SES status, and largely bilingual), and controls for a number of treatment variables that have not been previously considered. Using the Neurodevelopmental Model and the literature, it was hypothesized that more global functions (i.e., IQ indices besides processing speed) and functions developing earlier in life (i.e., language) would be less affected than more specific functions developing later in life (i.e., visual-motor integration and processing speed). Treatment groups included Mono-Combo, Converters, and HAART. Participants (N=161, 3 to 20 years) were assessed in language, visual-motor integration, processing speed, and IQ using standardized measures and procedures. Three MANCOVAS and an ANCOVA compared groups on immune and neuropsychological measures using age antiretroviral medications were started and years on antiretroviral medications as covariates. Results showed children on HAART have significantly better immune functioning than the Mono-Combo and Converter groups. Consistent with other studies that have controlled for demographic factors, language functioning was not affected by treatment type. Contrary to expectations, visual-motor integration was also not affected by treatment type. Interestingly, Converters were found to perform worse on processing speed than children only exposed to Mono-Combo or HAART. Consistent with expectations, the other IQ indices (i.e., VCI, POI, and FDI) were not affected by treatment type. Findings support the use of HAART globally to improve immune functioning. However, they also provide evidence that HAART does not more effectively protect areas of neuropsychological functioning previously found to be compromised than these former treatments, even when controlling for agents that cross the blood brain barrier, age medications were started, and years on medications. They also bring into question the possible effect of frequency and timing of regimen changes.
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Gerlach, Undine Ariane. "Interruption of antiretroviral treatment in HIV-infected children." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-26945.

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Moyle, Graeme John. "Treatment of HIV infection with didanosive and foscarnet /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdm938.pdf.

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Books on the topic "HIV treatment"

1

Ireland, Poz. HIV & AIDS treatment directory. Edited by Williams John. Dublin: GPI Publications, Poz Ireland, 1998.

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Kane, Brigid M. HIV/AIDS treatment drugs. Edited by Triggle D. J. New York NY: Chelsea House, 2011.

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Kane, Brigid M. HIV/AIDS treatment drugs. New York, NY: Chelsea House, 2008.

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Thiemann, Lillian. The future of HIV treatment. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2000.

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Pinsky, Laura. The essential HIV treatment fact book. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.

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Munk, Robert J. Immune restoration in HIV. New York: Community Prescription Service, 2001.

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HIV: From biology to prevention and treatment. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2011.

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Infecting the treatment: Becoming an HIV-positive analyst. Hauppauge, NY: Analytic Press, 2002.

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Soul City Institute for Health and Development Communication. HIV and AIDS: Prevention, care and treatment. [Johannesburg]: Jacana Media, 2004.

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University, Johns Hopkins, ed. Johns Hopkins HIV guide: Treatment and management of HIV. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV treatment"

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Hu, Jianming, Kuancheng Liu, and Jun Luo. "HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV Coinfection and Liver Cancer Development." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 231–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03502-0_9.

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Hu, Jianming, and Laurie Ludgate. "HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV Coinfection and Liver Cancer Development." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 241–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46816-7_9.

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Pereira, Luis F., John J. Faragon, Antoine Douaihy, and Courtney E. Kandler. "Treatment of Comorbid HIV/HCV." In HIV Psychiatry, 477–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80665-1_18.

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Coffin, Carla S., and Norah A. Terrault. "Treatment of HCV, HDV, or HIV Coinfection." In Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Disease, 239–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4843-2_13.

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Zhou, Kali, and Norah A. Terrault. "Treatment of HCV, HDV, or HIV Coinfections." In Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Disease, 339–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3615-8_15.

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Pereira, Luis F., Ofole U. Mgbako, Johanna Paulino-Woolridge, Miguel Edgar Cardoso Figueiredo, and Tessa del Carmen. "Principles of HIV Treatment." In HIV Psychiatry, 391–413. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80665-1_16.

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Lorway, Robert. "Treatment Rebellions." In Social Aspects of HIV, 25–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42199-5_2.

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Verma, Ashish Swarup, Vipin Kumar, Malay Kumar Saha, Shanta Dutta, and Anchal Singh. "HIV: Biology to Treatment." In NanoBioMedicine, 167–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_7.

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Davis, Mark, and Corinne Squire. "HIV Technologies." In HIV Treatment and Prevention Technologies in International Perspective, 1–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230297050_1.

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Archary, Moherndran. "Antiretroviral Treatment." In HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents, 247–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35433-6_19.

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Conference papers on the topic "HIV treatment"

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Emelyanov, Rostislav Vladimirovich. "The idea of HIV treatment." In 4th International Research and Practical Conference for Pupils. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-118423.

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Stewart, J. M., C. Budhathoki, D. Bellinger, and J. B. Hamilton. "P4.50 Associations of hiv testing with hiv stigma: implications for faith based hiv testing and treatment." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.547.

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Arruda, Edilson Fernandes, Claudia Mazza Dias, Dayse Haime Pastore, Roberto Antunes Thomé, and Hyun Mo Yang. "An Optimal Control Strategy for HIV Treatment." In DINCON 2015 – Conferência Brasileira de Dinâmica, Controle e Aplicações. SBMAC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5540/03.2016.004.01.0031.

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Khalili, Samira, and Antonios Armaou. "Sensitivity analysis of HIV infection response to treatment." In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2006.377635.

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Beltrán García, I., MJ Cuellar-Monreal, M. Centelles-Oria, T. Palanques-Pastor, E. Monte-Boquet, A. García-Robles, MV Tarazona-Casany, et al. "4CPS-257 Relevance of ritonavir interactions in HIV treatments that involve treatment modification." In 25th Anniversary EAHP Congress, Hospital Pharmacy 5.0 – the future of patient care, 23–28 March 2021. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-eahpconf.89.

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Stephan, W., H. Dichtelmüller, A. M. Prince, L. Gürtler, and F. Deinhardt. "INACTIVATION OF HEPATITIS VIRUSES AND HIV IN PLASMA AND PLASMA DERIVATIVES BY COMBINED TREATMENTWITH β-PR0PI0LACT0NE/UV-IRRADIATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644147.

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A combined treatment of plasma andplasma derivatives by β-Propiolactone (β-PL) /UV-irradiation is inuse at Biotest for the preparation ofthe virus safe serum preserve Bisekd® and coagulation factor concentrates.The efficacy of this sterilization procedure has been demonstrated for HAV(> 8.2 log10), HBV ( 7.0 log10) and HNANB (> 4.5 log10). As HIV has become a major problem tne inactivation of HIV by β-PL/UV in human plasma was tested. Pooled human plasma was spiked with 104.2 infectious units per ml of the Gallo strain of HIV/ HTLV-III and sterilized with 0.25 % β-PL, 60 min at pH 7.2 and subsequently UV-irradiated (4 × 20 W). After treatment with β-PL alone orβ-PL/UV no infectious HIV was detectable by reverse transcriptase assay in inoculated H-9 cultures after 14 days of cultivation (> 4.2 log10 inactivation). When the virucidal efficacy of ft-PL and UV was tested separately, β-PL inactivated > 3.5 log10, UV-irradiation another 2.5 log10 of HIV, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence tests in H-9 cultures 27 daysafter inoculation.When cryoprecipitate/F VUI-concentrate was sterilized by ft-PL and UV, > 4.5 log10 of HIV were inactivated by UV and > 3.5 log10 by α-PL. The results indicate, that the combined treatment by β-PL/UV inactivates all potentialtiters of HIV, which can be expected inscreened and pooled human plasma orcryoprecipitate, used for the preparation of virus safe plasma derivatives.
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Sule, Amiru, and Farah Aini Abdullah. "Optimal control of HIV/AIDS dynamic: Education and treatment." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM21): Germination of Mathematical Sciences Education and Research towards Global Sustainability. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4887592.

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Palacios, Elvia, Daniel U. Campos-Delgado, and Gerardo Espinosa-Perez. "A passivity-based approach for HIV-1 treatment scheduling." In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4283043.

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Zurakowski, Ryan, and Dominik Wodarz. "Treatment interruptions to decrease risk of resistance emerging during therapy switching in HIV treatment." In 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2007.4434887.

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Saini, Shveta, and Mukhmohit Singh. "Treatment outcome among HIV positive and HIV negative TB patients in Chandigarh, India: A retrospective cohort study." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa2741.

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Reports on the topic "HIV treatment"

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Sood, Neeraj, and Yanyu Wu. The Impact of Insurance and HIV Treatment Technology on HIV Testing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19397.

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Ciapponi, Agustín. Does decentralised HIV treatment improve health outcomes? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/170513.

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Many people living with HIV who need antiretroviral therapy are unable to access or remain in care. This is often because of the time and cost required to travel to health centres. One strategy to address this problem is to move antiretroviral delivery from hospitals to more peripheral health facilities or even beyond health facilities. This could increase the number of people with access to care, enhance retention in treatment programmes, improve health outcomes and reduce costs to people living with HIV and AIDS and health services. However, there are some concerns about the quality of decentralised care and whether health outcomes are equivalent to more centralised care.
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Pulerwitz, Julie, Ann Gottert, Jerry Okal, and Sanyukta Mathur. Evidence around engaging men in HIV prevention and treatment. Population Council, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv11.1027.

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Alarcón, Marco, Tatiana Amagua, Donald Morales, and Ana Lucia Seminario. EFFECT OF PERIODONTAL TREATMENT IN HIV+ PATIENS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0032.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of our study is to evaluate whether periodontal treatment influences clinical outcomes and immunological conditions in HIV+ patients. (P) Participants: VIH+ patients. (I) Interventions: Surgical treatment, photodynamic therapy, antimicrobials, others. (C) Comparison: Non-surgical treatment. (O) Outcome measures: - Periodontal outcomes: plaque scores, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket Depth, clinical attachment levels; - VIH outcomes: -Count CD4+; -Microbiological analysis. Condition being studied: Our study will analyze the effect of periodontal treatment in HIV+ patients and will evaluate changes in periodontal, immunological and microbiological parameters.
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Ndhlovu, Lewis, Catherine Searle, and Johannes van Dam. Strengthening STI treatment and HIV/AIDS prevention services in Carletonville, South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1001.

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Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS is widespread in South Africa, adult HIV prevalence is high, indicating high levels of risky sexual behavior. Understanding the gap between knowledge and behavior requires an examination of the social context in which the epidemic occurs. The Horizons Program conducted an intervention study in the Carletonville area to study the social determinants of the HIV epidemic and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. In 1998, the Mothusimpilo (“Working together for health”) Intervention Project (MIP) was launched to reduce community prevalence of HIV and other STIs and to sustain those reductions through enhanced prevention and STI treatment services. Carletonville includes many migrant mine workers and is characterized by significant poverty and unemployment, the presence of sex work, and high rates of STIs. MIP targets population groups where high-risk sexual behavior is thought to be common. This brief focuses on sex workers because of their vulnerability to STIs and HIV infection and their link to miners and men in the broader community.
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Chen, Baojiang, and Morshed Alam. Stretching HIV treatment: A replication study of task shifting in South Africa. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/rps0013.

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Steinmann, Peter. Does home-based HIV Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) improve the uptake of HIV testing? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161010.

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Knowledge about people’s HIV status is important for developing effective HIV prevention, treatment and care strategies. HIV testing is typically performed using Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) at dedicated VCT centres or healthcare facilities. However, many people lack access to VCT sites or prefer not to use them. One strategy to boost the uptake of HIV testing is to use trained counsellors or lay health workers to provide VCT in patients’ homes.
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van Dam, Johannes, and Sherry Hutchinson. Access to treatment for HIV/AIDS: Report of a meeting of international experts. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2002.1000.

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As of December 2001, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS is estimated at 40 million, and most live in the developing world. Advances in the development and availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs have led to a paradigm shift in most of the industrialized world, where highly active ARV therapy has resulted in a significant reduction in the prevalence of AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. In most of the developing world, however, the focus of national programs and international support continues to be on prevention and care in the absence of ARV treatment. While the moral imperative to provide the best possible treatment for people with AIDS-related disease is widely recognized, national governments and donors have been reluctant to enter into this endeavor citing numerous concerns. Ministries of health and the international donor community need guidance on developing and implementing effective HIV/AIDS treatment programs. To explore and prioritize operations research questions about access to treatment for HIV/AIDS, the Horizons Program convened a two-day meeting of international researchers and program managers in Washington, DC, on June 12–13, 2001. This report presents the findings and recommendations discussed at the meeting.
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Liambila, Wilson, Francis Obare, Harriet Birungi, Ruth Muia, Joyce Maina, Mary Maina, Christine Awuor, and Ibrahim Mohammed. Linking HIV-positive family planning clients to treatment and care services in Kenya. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh3.1035.

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Croce-Galis, Melanie, Jill Gay, and Karen Hardee. Gender considerations along the HIV treatment cascade: An evidence review with priority actions. Population Council, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh9.1049.

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