Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HIV spread'
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Duncan, Christopher J. A. "Macrophage-CD4⁺ T cell interactions in HIV-1 spread." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669849.
Full textEaton, Jeffrey. "The spread and control of HIV in southern Africa." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11065.
Full textIwuagwu, Chinyere I. "Preventing the Spread of HIV Among Homeless Youth in California." Thesis, Capella University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10685916.
Full textThe implications of nonadherence consistently show that nonadherence or poor adherence diminishes the efficacy of ART and have resulted in the increasing rate of hospitalization, mortality and morbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS despite advancement in medicine and science. The purpose of this study was to explore the phenomenon of adherence to HIV antiretroviral regimens among HIV-infected homeless youth in California. The goal of the study was to clearly understand the perception and perspectives of the issue of adherence from the standpoint of those closest to the individuals experiencing the phenomenon.
A renowned HIV/AIDS service organization in California was selected for the study, and the staff were interviewed. The findings from the study uncovered specific facilitators and barriers to adherence faced by homeless youth living with HIV/AIDS. The study established that one of the major differences between homeless youth and the general population was their attitude to HIV/AIDS; unfortunately, most of the homeless youth in California do not regard HIV as a serious health problem. The study also found that the most serious public health problems in the county where the research study was conducted were homelessness and substance abuse and as such some of the HIV infected youth sell their HIV medications to buy street drugs, while some who are lucky to be HIV-negative wished they were positive, so they could qualify for free housing and other free financial services.
The research study concluded that the quicker homelessness is addressed among youth living with HIV/AIDS the more realistic it will be to focus on medication adherence and ultimately focus on preventing the spread of HIV in California. The research study provides direction for future multifaceted study directed towards addressing the issues of homelessness, substance abuse and prevention of the spread of HIV/AIDS among homeless youth living with HIV/AIDS disease as they are all interconnected and one cannot be solved without the other.
Hay, Gordon. "Modelling the spread of HIV/AIDS amongst injecting drug users." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21443.
Full textLutambi, Angelina Mageni. "Basic properties of models for the spread of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19641.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: While research and population surveys in HIV/AIDS are well established in developed countries, Sub-Saharan Africa is still experiencing scarce HIV/AIDS information. Hence it depends on results obtained from models. Due to this dependence, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations of these models very well. In this study, a simple mathematical model is formulated and then extended to incorporate various features such as stages of HIV development, time delay in AIDS death occurrence, and risk groups. The analysis is neither purely mathematical nor does it concentrate on data but it is rather an exploratory approach, in which both mathematical methods and numerical simulations are used. It was found that the presence of stages leads to higher prevalence levels in a short term with an implication that the primary stage is the driver of the disease. Furthermore, it was found that time delay changed the mortality curves considerably, but it had less effect on the proportion of infectives. It was also shown that the characteristic behaviour of curves valid for most epidemics, namely that there is an initial increase, then a peak, and then a decrease occurs as a function of time, is possible in HIV only if low risk groups are present. It is concluded that reasonable or quality predictions from mathematical models are expected to require the inclusion of stages, risk groups, time delay, and other related properties with reasonable parameter values.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Terwyl navorsing en bevolkingsopnames oor MIV/VIGS in ontwikkelde lande goed gevestig is, is daar in Afrika suid van die Sahara slegs beperkte inligting oor MIV/VIGS beskikbaar. Derhalwe moet daar van modelle gebruik gemaak word. Dit is weens hierdie feit noodsaaklik om die moontlikhede en beperkings van modelle goed te verstaan. In hierdie werk word ´n eenvoudige model voorgelˆe en dit word dan uitgebrei deur insluiting van aspekte soos stadiums van MIV outwikkeling, tydvertraging by VIGS-sterftes en risikogroepe in bevolkings. Die analise is beklemtoon nie die wiskundage vorme nie en ook nie die data nie. Dit is eerder ´n verkennende studie waarin beide wiskundige metodes en numeriese simula˙sie behandel word. Daar is bevind dat insluiting van stadiums op korttermyn tot ho¨er voorkoms vlakke aanleiding gee. Die gevolgtrekking is dat die primˆere stadium die siekte dryf. Verder is gevind dat die insluiting van tydvestraging wel die kurwe van sterfbegevalle sterk be¨ınvloed, maar dit het min invloed op die verhouding van aangestekte persone. Daar word getoon dat die kenmerkende gedrag van die meeste epidemi¨e, naamlik `n aanvanklike styging, `n piek en dan `n afname, in die geval van VIGS slegs voorkom as die bevolking dele bevat met lae risiko. Die algehele gevolgtrekking word gemaak dat vir goeie vooruitskattings met sinvolle parameters, op grond van wiskundige modelle, die insluiting van stadiums, risikogroepe en vertragings benodig word.
Do, Thao. "Imaging of HIV-1 spread from T cells and macrophages to astrocytes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:07ffd971-0b25-4990-8d17-001d943ebfa5.
Full textNgubane, Siegfried Johan. "Gender roles in the African culture : implications for the spread of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4195.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The AIDS epidemic presently engulfing South Africa is mostly based on heterosexual transmission. This paper discusses the male role in African culture in the HIV and AIDS context. Issues facing African women, domestic violence in particular, remain a pervasive problem. Women have not yet reached a level of equality and are still being dominated by their male partners. Women’s subordination can be directly linked to the increasing number of women becoming infected with HIV/AIDS, especially within the African cultural context. Culture plays a vital role in determining the level of health of the individual, the family and the community. This is particularly relevant in the context of Africa, where the values of extended family and community significantly influence the behaviour of the individual. The behaviour of the individual in relation to family and community is one major cultural factor that has implications for sexual behaviour and HIV/AIDS prevention and control efforts. As the impact of HIV/AIDS in South Africa remains unabated, a culture-centred approach to prevention, care and support is increasingly desirable as a critical strategy. The focus of prevention of the heterosexual AIDS epidemic has been on women. The role of men in sexual decision-making has not been emphasized enough in AIDS prevention approaches. As a result, the heterosexual epidemic for women continues unabated because of the lack of attention to the behaviour of male sex partners. Discussion focuses on the cultural and contemporary sexual culture as shaping factors in the enactment of high-risk sexual behaviour. There are numerous social, political, cultural and economic factors affecting the HIV pandemic in the SA region. The main ones are: low status of women and male dominance in sexual and economic relations; sexual abuse (of particularly young girls); historic and current separation of families resulting from the migrant labour system which resulted in multiple sexual partners; high use of sex workers due to single-sex quarters at the workplace; cultural resistance to the use of condoms; high rates of other STD’s; and high levels of poverty and other inequalities such as health access and education. Stigma about HIV is also a barrier to reaching the most vulnerable, including those already infected. The paper draws the conclusion that discrimination against women, coupled with male dominance in all aspects of social structures; polygamous marriages were prescribed and supervised by maledominated social structures has increased the prevalence rate of HIV/AIDS in the African cultural context.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die HIV/Vigs pandemie wat tans Suid Afrika oorweldig is meestal die gevolg van heteroseksuele oordrag. Hierdie verhandeling bespreek die manlike rol in die Afrika kultuur in die konteks van MIV en Vigs. Aspekte wat die Afrika vroue in die gesig staar in terme van gesinsgeweld bly `n aanhoudende probleem. Vroue word steeds deur hul manlike maats gedomineer word en dus steeds nie `n vlak van gelykheid bereik het nie. Die onderdrukking van vroue kan direk gekoppel word aan die toenemende aantal vroue wat met MIV/Vigs geïnfekteer word – veral in die Afrika konteks. Kultuur speel ʼn kritieke rol in die bepaling van die gesondheidsvlak van die individu, gesin en gemeenskap. Dit is besonder relevant in die Afrika konteks, waar die waardes van `n uitgebreide gesin en gemeenskap ʼn enorme invloed het op die optrede van `n individu. Hierdie optrede in verhouding tot die gesin en gemeenskap is `n geweldige factor wat implikasies het op seksuele gedrag en op pogings tot voorkoming en beheer van MIV/Vigs. Terwyl die impak van MIV/Vigs in Suid Afrika ongesteurd voortstu, word `n kultuur gesentreerde benadering tot voorkoming, versorging en ondersteuning toenemend nodig as `n kritieke strategie. Die fokus op die voorkoming van die heteroseksuele Vigs pandemie was tot nou toe op vroue. Die rol van mans in seksuele besluitneming was tot dusvêr nie voldoende beklemtoon in Vigs voorkomende benaderings nie. Die gevolg is dat die heteroseksuele Vigs pandemie vir vroue ongesteurd voortduur weens die gebrek aan aandag op die gedrag van manlike seksmaats. Bespreking fokus op die kulturele en kontemporêre seksuele kultuur as vormende faktore in die uitvoer van hoë risiko seksuele gedrag. Daar is verskeie sosiale, politieke, kulturele en ekonomiese faktore wat die MIV/Vigs pandemie in die streek beïnvloed. Die belangrikstes is: lae status van vroue; manlike dominasie in seksuele en ekonomiese verhoudings; seksuele mishandeling – veral van jong meisies; historiese en huidige skeiding van gesinne voortspruitend uit die stelsel van trekarbeid – wat aanleiding gegee het tot `n verskeidenheid van seksuele maats; die hoë voorkoms van sekswerkers agv enkelgeslag woonkwartiere by die werksplek; kulturele weerstand teen die gebruik van kondome; hoë voorkoms van seksueel oordraagbare siektes; hoë vlakke van armoede en ander ongelykhede soos toegang tot gesondheidsdienste en onderwys. Die stigma van MIV/Vigs is ook `n hindernis in die bereiking van die mees kwesbare, insluitend die wat geïnfekteer is. Hierdie verhandeling maak die gevolgtrekking dat diskriminasie teen vroue, gekoppel met manlike dominasie in alle aspekte van sosiale strukture; poligamiese huwelike wat voorgeskryf word en onder toesig is van manlik gedomineerde sosiale strukture, die voorkoms van MIV/Vigs in die Afrika kulturele konteks verhoog het.
Symeonides, Menelaos. "HIV-1-Induced Cell-Cell Fusion: Host Regulation And Consequences For Viral Spread." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/589.
Full textCulshaw, Rebecca Veronica. "Mathematical models of cell-to-cell and cell-free viral spread of HIV infection." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24826.pdf.
Full textCuadros, Diego Fernando. "THE ROLE OF CO-INFECTION IN THE SPREAD OF HIV IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/1.
Full textNamazzi, Elizabeth B. "Ugandan students' perspectives on the spread and prevention of hiv/aids : cultural practices and education." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54250.
Full textEducation, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
Titanji, B. K. "Exploring the impact of antiretroviral drugs on the cell-to-cell spread of HIV-1." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1457394/.
Full textRama, Parbavati. "Placing the dead :the spatial distribution and spread of HIV in a major South African city." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Full textTaljaard, Dirk J. "Tracking the risk factors and impact of an intervention to reduce the spread of the HIV." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3848.
Full textMidiwo, Aoko. "An analysis of the debate over the control of the spread of HIV infection and AIDS." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1988. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3447.
Full textMulongeni, Pancho. "Epidemiologic synergy - the contribution of heterosexual HIV transmission to the spread of HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM) in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23711.
Full textMulenga, Kennedy Chola. "Changing risky behaviour through worldview transformation : a pastoral intervention to the spread of HIV/AIDS in Zambia." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24798.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Practical Theology
unrestricted
Kibui, Christine. "Exploring Culturally Specific Practices that Might Exacerbate the Spread of HIV/AIDS in the Luhya Community of Western Kenya." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/109.
Full textDowling, Karilynn, Taylor Riedley, MacKenzie Broome, and Nicholas E. Hagemeier. "Stopping the Spread by Using Sterile Needles Instead: A Rural Community Pharmacy Hepatitis C/HIV Prevention Feasibility Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/5432.
Full textMills, Stephen Jay. "A passage to India : male migration and the spread of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections in rural Nepal." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415674.
Full textTsafack, Temah Chrystelle. "The Role of Income and Gender Inequalities in the Spread of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic : Evidence from Sub-saharan Africa." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00281162/document.
Full textThroughout African continent, HIV/AIDS epidemic has became a major cause of death and poverty. Nonetheless, the relation between poverty and HIV/AIDS epidemic is not as straightforward as it might first appear. Indeed, if at the international level the most affected regions are the poorest, in Sub-Saharan Africa however, the most affected countries also happen to be the richest. Meanwhile, these countries are also those with the least egalitarian income distributions in the world. Moreover, the distribution of the epidemic across both sexes differs according to regions, with Sub-Saharan Africa being the most gender-affected region: more than half of infected people there are women. Our focus in this dissertation is to assess the importance of income and gender inequalities as determinants of the spread of HIV/AIDS pandemic in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a panel data of 42 African countries from the period 1997-2005, we examine the link between income and gender inequalities on the one hand and HIV/AIDS epidemic on the other hand by introducing these variables among the traditional determinants of the epidemic. Our results suggest that there is indeed a link between income inequality and HIV/AIDS epidemic. Moreover, the correlation remains even after we control for poverty and when we perform a dynamic analysis of the epidemic. Furthermore, women’s education and economic independence appear to be critical determinants of the pandemic. Specifically, our results indicate that the component of gender inequality which drives the epidemic among young population (15-24) is gender inequality in income and participation to economic life, while it is gender inequality in education which fuels the epidemic among adult population
Dupont, Maeva. "Identification of novel factors involved in the exacerbation of HIV-1 infection and spread among macrophages in the tuberculosis context." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30211.
Full textMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the bacteria causing tuberculosis (TB), and the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the etiological agent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), act in synergy to exacerbate the progression of each other in co-infected patients. While clinical evidence reveals a frequent increase of the viral load at co-infected anatomical sites, the mechanisms explaining how Mtb favours HIV-1 progression remain insufficiently understood. Macrophages are the main target for Mtb. Their infection by the bacilli likely shapes the microenvironment that favours HIV-1 infection and replication at sites of co-infection. To address this issue, I took advantage of an in vitro model mimicking the TB-associated microenvironment (cmMTB, "conditioned media of Mtb-infected macrophages") previously established in the laboratory; a model that renders macrophages susceptible to intracellular pathogens like Mtb. Upon joining the team, I participated in the study on how Mtb exacerbates HIV-1 replication in macrophages, using this model. We found that cmMTB-treated macrophages (M(cmMTB)) have an enhanced ability to form intercellular membrane bridges called tunneling nanotubes (TNT), which increase the capacity of the virus to transfer from one macrophage to another, leading to the exacerbation of HIV-1 production and spread. The principal objective of my PhD thesis was to identify novel factors that are involved in the exacerbation of HIV-1 replication in macrophages in the context of tuberculosis. To this end, a transcriptomic analysis of M(cmMTB) was conducted, and revealed two key factors: the Siglec-1 receptor and type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 signaling. The first part of my PhD thesis dealt with the characterization of Siglec-1 as a novel factor involved in the synergy between Mtb and HIV-1 in macrophages. First, I demonstrated that its increased expression in M(cmMTB) was dependent on IFN-I. Second, in Mtb and simian immunodeficiency virus co-infected non-human primates, I established a positive correlation between the abundance of Siglec-1+ alveolar macrophages and the pathology, associated with the activation of the IFN-I/STAT-1 pathway. [...]
Timiun, Godwin Aondohemba. "Contextual factors influencing unsafe sexual behaviours and the spread of HIV/AIDS Amongst the Tiv People of North Central Nigeria." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/989c32153d76f182db7007deb1fff2c84f1ef3a5cbe578b793c7d40cd9311986/3943844/Timiun_2017_Contextual_factors_influencing_unsafe_sexual_behaviours.pdf.
Full textBoullé, Mikaël [Verfasser]. "HIV cell-to-cell spread results in earlier onset of viral gene expression by multiple infections per cell / Mikaël Boullé." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1148426051/34.
Full textKeene, Thomas. "Stopping The Spread of AIDS among Women in Sub-Saharan Africa, What Works and What does not: A Comparative Study of Uganda and Botswana." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33768.
Full textMaster of Arts
Freeman, Esther. "The role of herpes simplex virus Type 2 in the spread and control of HIV in four Sub-Saharan African Cities." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429308.
Full textMnguni, Grace. "An assessment of the effect of HIV/AIDS policy in combating the spread of the disease within Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality:Eastern Cape." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2956.
Full textDavidsson, Frida, and Victoria Zakrison. "Knowledge and apprehensions concerning HIV/AIDS of Indonesian adolescents : Reflections upon the possibility for professional nurses to spread knowledge to prevent suffering." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-19197.
Full textProgram: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Uppsatsnivå: C
Dzama, Hedrix A. "Is the Use of the Rubber as a Preventive Measure to the Spread of HIV/AIDS Morally Justifiable? Ethical Reflections on the Controversy." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2110.
Full textSince the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) was discovered in the 1980s, the condom has scientifically proven to be the only technological device that can prevent transmission of the virus during sexual intercourse. This technical approach to the HIV has strongly emphasized that prevention is only possible if the condom is properly used. However, as a technological artifact the condom has shown that its use is laden with values. The question of values on condoms has brought in a heated debate on the moral justifications of its use. In Malawi, just as in other African countries, the Faith Community has rejected the Governmentsplea to promote condoms as the preventive measure against the virus.The Faith Community has emphasized on abstinence and mutual faithfulness as the only reliable means to the prevention of HIV/AIDS. The main argument from the Faith Community is that condoms promote promiscuity. Nevertheless, the Government agrees with the Faith Community on abstinence and mutual faithfulness, but still insists on condom use as a preventive measure against the virus. The Government argues that the condom is the only proven technical approach to the HIV prevention and therefore it should be promoted. T
he main purpose of this study is to attempt an ethical analysis of the arguments for and againstcondom use as the preventive measure against HIV. In this case, the study tries to analyse the Government and Faith Community stands on condoms. In relation to the arguments for and againstcondom use, the study also touches such areas as: the concept of rights and condom use, ethics of condom advertisement, African cultural values versus condom use and the implications of condom use on behaviour change. From the study, it has been argued that condoms should be promoted. The argument comes from that understanding that AIDS has plundered Africa than any war or disease in human history, and therefore, it needs to be stopped. In this case, such theories as, Utility, Love, Autonomy, Rights and umunthu moral conscience have been used to support the argument.
Rosales, Gerpe María Carla. "The Role of APOBEC3 in Controlling Retroviral Spread and Zoonoses." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31484.
Full textNgamije, James. "The effect of the growth in global tourism development in Cape Town on health promotion with specific reference to the spread of HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/792.
Full textInternational Tourism development has been given a positive image as a tool to pro-mote development in the world of the poor, and an important tool for response in achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) by 2015 placing health at the heart of poverty alleviation. International tourism development is not only a sector that fit the applicability of international development theory but is also often voiced and enthusiastically supported. As an economic development industry, international tourism development has been a choice for many of the poorest countries in the world as it is supported by international institutions such as the United Nations and World Bank to address the notions of inequalities and poverty reduction alongside environmental considerations. In addition, tourism is perceived to pull wealth from rich countries into the world of the poor with a high potential to trickle down to the vil-lages and the poorest communities. However, the evidence that international tourism development can benefit the poor on grassroots level is difficult to prove because no data in this regard is available. Given the fact that the time stipulated to complete the noble goals of MDGs is very near, this study intends to ask: to what extent is health and sustainable tourism development applicable in Africa? And a number of ques-tions arise that this thesis, in a broad sense seeks to address. What are barriers to the contribution of the international tourism development in less developed countries (LDCs)? To which context of international development theories, is international tour-ism development positioned with relationship to economic growth, equitable distribu-tion of profits, and sustainable development and health? And who are ultimately the beneficiaries of international tourism development? For the most part, the contribu-tion of this research project deals critically with tourism opportunities and risks related to community health. The focus is on tourism development and inequality, poverty alleviation alongside environmental consideration, reducing gender inequality and exploitation, HIV/AIDS and promoting sustainable tourism development and health, to mention few. This research project aims to presents an important contribution to the debate regarding the relationship between international tourism development in the world of the poor such as Africa in the age of global political economy or free trade, and the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. This research investigates current international development approaches that offer new and exciting insights. However, there is a need for further critical analysis of the complex dynamics on the effects of interna-tional tourism development throughout the sequence of international development iii theories in developing countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. It seems that in the absence of a moral responsibility and collaboration of all stakeholders in promot-ing equity in tourism benefits, opportunities offered for sustainable tourism develop-ment and health will not materialize. The policy maker in tourism planning in develop-ing countries who are now asked to be more responsible to a broader set of econom-ic and social needs in developing countries are concerned about planning for desira-ble economic benefits as well as social and cultural impacts. Tackling issues from ethnological perspectives, advocators for sustainable tourism development in the world of the poor such as United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) and World Bank advocate socially responsible and sustainable tourism development and health in accordance to the decided upon MGDs. From analysis of the opportunities and risks related to integrating international tourism development as a panacea led the researcher interest in testing how small state grapple with the dilemma of tourism development and community health. This study combined two approaches, namely the (i) human security threats and (ii) the use of Clive Thomas’ four prong typology as well as using Cape Town as a case study to meet this objective.
Johansson, Matilda. "Social Marketing : A way to reach and empower vulnerable people through prevention work against the spread of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections in Ethiopia." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för socialvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1783.
Full textKuhl, Björn. "Interrelationship between tetherin-mediated restriction and its Vpu-mediated antagonism in HIV-1 cell-to-cell spread and the potential to develop Vpu as an antiviral target." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104781.
Full textCette thèse de doctorat se compose de trois parties. Les deux premières parties (Chapitres 2 et 3) s'intéressent au rôle du facteur de restriction cellulaire tetherin dans l'inhibition de la propagation du VIH-1 de cellule à cellule. Ces Chapitres décrivent également la caractérisation de la lignée cellulaire Sup-T1 qui exprime la tetherin de manière inductible. Cette lignée cellulaire est utilisée dans le Chapitre 4 pour étudier si l'activité antivirale des inhibiteurs de protéases peut, en partie, être due à la régulation de la tetherin. La tetherin est un facteur de restriction intrinsèque de l'hôte qui inhibe le relargage du virus en liant la membrane virale du virion bourgeonnant à la membrane cellulaire. L'activité antivirale de la tetherin est généralement attribuée à son expression à la surface cellulaire. Dans l'infection par le VIH-1, la protéine virale Vpu empêche l'action de la tetherin et limite son expression à la surface de la cellule hôte. Dans le Chapitre 2, nous montrons qu'en plus d'inhiber le relargage des virions, la tetherin inhibe également la propagation de cellule à cellule. Nos résultats suggèrent que Vpu réduit la capacité infectieuse du virus en l'absence de la tetherin mais est absolument nécessaire à la propagation de cellule à cellule en présence de tetherin. La tetherin semble jouer un rôle dans la formation de synapse intercellulaire. Dans le Chapitre 3, nous analysons des différences entre des lignées cellulaires dans l'interaction fonctionnelle entre Vpu et la tetherin. Ces différences contribuent à la régulation de l'expression de la tetherin à la surface cellulaire et au relargage des virions dans ces différentes lignées cellulaires. Néanmoins, aucune différence dans la régulation de la propagation de cellule à cellule n'a pu être observée. À ce titre, l'inhibition de la propagation de cellule à cellule semble indépendante du niveau d'expression de la tetherin à la surface cellulaire. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous étudions si les inhibiteurs de protéase, dont l'activité antivirale dépend en partie de la régulation de protéines transmembranaires, peuvent également moduler l'expression de la tetherin à la surface cellulaire et/ou l'inhibition de la tetherin par Vpu. Cette étude suggère que l'activité antivirale des inhibiteurs de protéases ne dépend pas d'un effet sur la tetherin.
Perzynski, Adam Thomas. "Between Facts and Voices: Medical and Lay Knowledge of the Spread of Hepatitis C." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1207328082.
Full textRobinson, Maureen Louise. "Johannes Hispalensis and the manuscript tradition : the history surrounding the time of John of Seville and the spread of his work." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326885.
Full textSilva, Francilene Amaral da. "Avaliação tecnológica e atividade antioxidante de produtos secos por spray-drying de ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.-aquifoliaceae (erva-mate)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12620.
Full textIlex paraguariensis A. St. Hil. is a plant specie traditionally known as maté. The present work was designed in view to develop, in semi-industrial scale, spray-dried extracts of Ilex paraguariensis from aqueous extracts as well as polyphenol fractions. Four spray-dried extracts were prepared from the aqueous extract using different excipients. In order to quantify the polyphenols present in raw plant material, spray-dried extracts and polyphenol fractions, a liquid chromatography (LC) method was validated. The spray-dried extract containing 30% of Aerosil® (SPD-A) presented the best technological characteristics and photostability. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluation of both spray-dried extracts and polyphenolic fractions showed a dose-dependent antioxidant activity. Quimiluminescence reduction in TRAP assay, low TBARS content and hydroxyl free radicals scavenger activity were observed. Rats liver slices were used for antioxidant test in ex vivo model.SPD-A and SPD-D (containing 15% of Aerosil® and 15% of Avicel®) spray-dried extracts and polyphenol fraction FAB were able to reduce TBARS production when compared to the control group preincubated with ter-butylhydroperoxide (t- BHT). Based on the technological characteristics and photostability, PSI-A spray-dried extract was selected for in vivo antioxidant activity evaluation using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage as a model. Oral administration of 386 mg/kg of SPD-A during 30 days resulted in decreased liver damage as a consequence of lower lipoperoxidation levels and higher activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes when compared to a control group. In synthesis, the results suggest that both spray-dried extracts and purified fractions presented significant in vitro and ex vivo antioxidant activity. Additionally, in vivo antioxidant activity evaluation demonstrated a hepatic protection effect against oxidative stress and carbon tetrachlorideinduced damage. Further experiments aiming to investigate both spray-dried extracts and polyphenol fractions function in diseases involving oxidative stress represent a very interesting perspective.
Weissmueller, Nikolas T. "Needle-free vaccination : formulation and dermal delivery of diphtheria toxin CRM197 mutant." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:be74f39b-1f36-451c-8200-4f14b701bcee.
Full textMurakami, Aureanna Nairne Negrão. "Efeito da nanofiltração e da microencapsulação por spray drying na estabilidade dos compostos bioativos do extrato aquoso de Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/172356.
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No extrato aquoso das folhas de erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.Hil.) é encontrada uma grande variedade de compostos químicos comdiversas atividades biológicas, com destaque para os compostosfenólicos, com reconhecida atividade antioxidante. Na primeira etapadeste estudo, a nanofiltração (NF) foi aplicada para concentrar oscompostos bioativos do extrato aquoso de folhas de erva-mate. Oimpacto da NF na atividade antioxidante dos extratos foi avaliadoatravés de análises in vitro pelo método DPPH e com célulaseucarióticas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Verificou-se que os teores decompostos fenólicos totais e de ácido clorogênico, de metilxantinas,taninos condensados, clorofila e saponinas, e a atividade antioxidante invitro foram significativamente maiores no extrato concentrado quandocomparado ao extrato inicial. Na segunda etapa, o extrato concentradode erva-mate foi microencapsulado com maltodextrina com diferentesvalores de dextrose equivalente (DE) por spray drying. O efeito dosdiferentes DE de maltodextrina (10,2 (M10), 15,2 (M15) e 18,6 (M20))foi avaliado em função do teor de compostos fenólicos totais, atividadeantioxidante, rendimento dos compostos fenólicos microencapsulados,morfologia e tamanho de partícula, teor de umidade, atividade de água,dissolução, higroscopicidade, análise de cor e propriedades térmicas. Aretenção dos compostos fenólicos, após a microencapsulação por spraydrying e a estabilidade das microcápsulas a 5 °C, 25 °C e 45 °C, durante90 dias, também, foram verificados. As microcápsulas produzidas commaltodextrina com menor valor de DE (M10) apresentaram o maiorrendimento de encapsulação, além de melhores resultados paradissolução, higroscopicidade, teor de umidade e propriedades térmicas.Além disso, estas microcápsulas apresentaram melhor estabilidade emrelação aos compostos fenólicos e atividade antioxidante durantearmazenamento nas três temperaturas avaliadas.
Abstract : A wide variety of chemical compounds with different biologicalactivities, especially phenolic compounds, is usually found in aqueousextract of yerba mate leaves (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) and it isvery important in science due this antioxidant activity. In the first stepof this study, a nanofiltration technique (NF) was used to concentratethe bioactive compounds of the aqueous extract of yerba mate leaves.The impact of the NF in the antioxidant activity of the obtained extractswas evaluated using in vitro analysis such as DPPH and Saccharomycescerevisiae eukaryotic cells. It was observed that the total phenoliccompounds and chlorogenic acid, methylxanthines, tannins, chlorophyll,saponins, and the in vitro antioxidant activity was significantly higher inthe concentrated extract when compared to the original extract. In thesecond step, the concentrated extract was microencapsulated usingmaltodextrin with different dextrose equivalent values (DE) applyingspray drying process. The effect of different maltodextrin DE (10.2(M10), 15.2 (M15) and 18.6 (M20)) was evaluated according to thecontent of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity, yield ofmicroencapsulated phenolics, morphology and particle size, moisturecontent, water activity, dissolution, hygroscopicity, color analysis andthermal properties. The retention of phenolic compounds afterproduction of microcapsules and stability studies at 5 ° C, 25 ° C and 45° C for 90 days, were also investigated. The microcapsules producedwith maltodextrin DE (M10) showed higher yield of encapsulation, andbetter results for dissolving, hygroscopicity, and moisture content andthermal properties. In addition, these microcapsules showed morestability when compared to the phenolics and antioxidant activity duringdifferent storage temperatures.
Fernandes, Beatriz Luci. "Tecnica de nanorisco para analise de adesão de revestimento de HA, depositada atraves de aspersão por plasma, sobre liga de titanio." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263416.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Apesar dos 30 anos de história, engenheiros e pesquisadores continuam procurando soluções para problemas que persistem até os dias de hoje, em relação à resistência ao desgaste de superfícies articuladas e à fixação aos tecidos ósseos de implantes ortopédicos de quadril. Esses problemas estão interligados, desde que a formação de grandes partículas nas articulações é o principal fator responsável pela perda da prótese e a qualidade da fixação do implante determina a produção dessas partículas. O material das amostras, analisadas neste trabalho, foi um dos empregados atualmente em próteses totais de quadril não cimentadas, ou seja, liga Ti6Al-7Nb revestida de hidroxiapatita (HA), aplicada através da técnica de aspersão por plasma. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar uma alternativa para a avaliação da resistência da interface, utilizando-se uma nova técnica, rápida e confiável. As informações contidas estão relacionadas à técnica de deposição de materiais em forma de pó através de aspersão por plasma; ao estudo da resistência à adesão da HA sobre a liga de titânio através de ensaio de nanorisco e à caracterização superficial das amostras por determinação da rugosidade superficial, difração de raio-X e imagens do Microscópio Eletrônico de Varredura
Abstract: In spite of 30 years of history, engineers and researchers in general, are still trying to find solutions for the problems related to wear resistance of sliding surfaces and related to biological attachment of hip prostheses. These two questions are connected since the debris released in the joints are the main factor for loosing the prostheses and the fixation quality determines the production of those debris. The samples analyzed on this work were made of materials presently applied on hip prostheses like Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy with hydroxyapatite coating applied by plasma spray method. The main purpose of this work was to present an alternative to analyze the adhesion strength between the HA and the Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy using a new technique, fast and reliable. The information presented are related to the plasma spray' s deposition technique using powdered materials, to the evaluation of the interface between the two materials through the nanoscratch test and to the surface characterization using a mechanical profiler (profilometer), an X-Ray Diffract meter and a Scanning Electron Microscope
Doutorado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
Yatsu, Francini Kiyono Jorge. "Desenvolvimento tecnológico de grânulos esferoidais a partir de extrato seco de folhas e ramos de ilex paraguariensis St. Hil. aquifoliaceae (erva-mate)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142758.
Full textThe present work was designed to produce a dry extract of Ilex paraguariensis by the spray-drying process, in semi-industrial scale, and to develop pellets from dry extract, by the extrusion/spheronization method, as well as to characterize the physical, chemical and technological properties and to investigate the stability of the main polyphenol constituents from both products against UVC radiation and heat. The dry extract presented spherical particles (mean size of 19.6 μm), with smooth surface, good flow properties and satisfactory yield (67 %). In the photo stability test, the dry extract remained stable against UVC radiation, for 48 h, in all packaging material (amber glass bottles, transparent glass bottles or open-dishes). In the accelerated stability testing (40 ºC, 75 % relative humidity, 4 months), the dry extract demonstrated to be hygroscopic and sensible to the heat, especially when conditioned in polyethylene ethyl bottles because they are permeable to the humidity. The pellets presented mean size of 1.10 mm, satisfactory shape and yield (78.7 %), good dissolution in water (89.44 to 100.05 %) and good recovery (> 95 %) of the total polyphenol content in comparison with dry extract, the pellets were stable against UVC radiation when conditioned in amber glass bottles, however, the total polyphenol content was reduced when the samples were conditioned in open-dishes or in transparent glass bottles. In the accelerated stability testing, the pellets demonstrated to be hygroscopic and sensible to the heat. This effect was more pronounced when the samples were conditioned in permeable flasks (polyethylene ethyl bottles) than in semi-permeable flasks (transparent glass bottles). These findings point to the relevance of reducing the residual moisture of both dry extract and pellets, as well as to the necessity of conditioning both into opaque humidity tight packing, at low temperatures.
Soderi, S. (Simone). "Evaluation of industrial wireless communications systems’ security." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212463.
Full textTiivistelmä Langattoman tietoliikenteen maailmanlaajuista suosiota kiihdytti alun perin mahdollisuus korvata tietoliikennejärjestelmissä käytetyt kaapelit langattomilla ratkaisuilla. Ilmiö lisäsi myös tarvetta kehittää alan turvatekniikkaa monialaisen tutkimuksen pohjalta. Vaikka langattomat ratkaisut merkitsevät pienempiä asennuskustannuksia ja tarjoavat mahdollisuuksia luoda uudenlaisia palveluja, järjestelmien loppukäyttäjät edellyttävät kuitenkin niiden turvallisuuden olevan vastaavalla tasolla kuin langallisissa verkoissa. Myös teollisuuden langattomien tietoliikennejärjestelmen turvallisuus riippuu pitkälti viestintäkanavien turvallisuudesta. Väitöksen tavoitteena on kehittää uusia menetelmiä, joilla teollisuuden langattomat tietoliikennejärjestelmät voitaisiin turvata. Väitöksessä kehitetään toimenpiteitä tietoliikennejärjestelmien luottamuksellisuuteen ja koskemattomuuteen kohdistuvia hyökkäyksiä vastaan ja toteutetaan turvallisuusarviointi, joka kattaa järjestelmän protokollakerroksen sekä sähkömagneettisen ja fyysisen kerroksen. Väitöksen ensimmäisessä osassa hyödynnetään HIP–protokollaa (Host Identity Protocol) liikennevälineen sisäisen tietoliikennejärjestelmän turvallisuuden varmistamisessa. Lisäksi siinä kuvataan simulaatiot ja mittaushankkeet, joiden tavoitteena on arvioida käytetyn protokollan turvallisuusvaikutuksia esteettömän (line–of–sight, LOS) ja esteellisen (non–line–of–sight, NLOS) näköyhteyden tapauksissa. Sähkömagneettinen analyysi on tärkeä vaihe turvajärjestelmien kehitysprosessissa. Järjestelmissä käytetään yhä enemmän pieniä integroituja piirejä, mikä voi myös altistaa ne sähkömagneettisille (electromagnetic, EM) häiriöille. Väitöksessä tutkitaan lähikenttä–kaukokenttä -muunnokseen perustuvan arviointimenetelmän avulla sähkömagneettisen vuotosäteilyn tasoa. Lisäksi perehdytään testattavan laitteen (device under test, DUT) virtuaaliseen EM–liitäntään ja kuvataan, miten vastaavaa liitäntää voidaan hyödyntää palvelunestohyökkäyksissä. Väitöksessä tutkitaan myös tehokasta häirintämallia ja validoidaan teoreettisten laskelmien tulokset kokeellisesti. Lopuksi väitöksessä keskitytään tietoliikennejärjestelmän fyysisen kerroksen turvallisuuteen ja kehitetään kaksi algoritmia. Aktiivisen radiotaajuisen tunnistusmenetelmän avulla voidaan vaihtaa julkisia avaimia turvallista tietoliikenneyhteyttä muodostettaessa. Lisäksi esitellään vesileimausmenetelmään perustuva fyysisen kerroksen salausmenetelmä, WBPLSec. WBPLSec luo vastaanottimen ympärille suoja–alueen, minkä ansiosta se vaikuttaa analyysin ja tutkimustulosten perusteella olevan tehokas menetelmä toteuttaa fyysisen kerroksen suojaus
Joubert-Wallis, Marie. "The contribution of culture to the spread of HIV." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/647.
Full textPsychology
M.Sc. (Psychology)
Hertog, Sara Elizabeth. "Patterns of sexual activity and the spread of HIV/AIDS." 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/56201960.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-43).
Desmond, Chris. "The dual role of income in the spread of HIV in Africa." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4619.
Full textThesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.
Moyo, Ntombizakhe. "Structural violence and the spread of HIV/AIDS among women in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3852.
Full textThesis (M.Com.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2009.
HEARD Division.
Moyo, Nolipher Jere. "The influence of cultural practices on the spread of HIV and aids on Zambian people." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26813.
Full textThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Practical Theology
unrestricted
Chetty, Parvathie. "Gendered sexual vulnerabilities in the spread of HIV/AIDS : Clayfield (Phoenix) as case study." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5232.
Full textThesis (LL.M.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, 2007.
Velyvis, Kristen A. "The sexual networks of migrant Serere women and the spread of HIV in Senegal." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41898916.html.
Full textTypescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 80-83).
West, Ronnie Webster. "Modeling the potential impact of HIV on the spread of tuberculosis in the United States." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16896.
Full textChetty, Elzhaan. "Combating AIDS/HIV spread in the workplace : a case study of the Durban clothing industry." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4411.
Full text