Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HIV-positive women Services for Australia'
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Ferguson, Laura Elaine. "Linking women who test HIV-positive in pregnancy-related services to HIV care and treatment services in Kenya : missed opportunities." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549782.
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Ailing, Wang Luechai Sringernyuang. "Uses of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV Services : a study of HIV-positive women in Yining, Xinjiang, China /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737914.pdf.
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Mofokeng, Shoeshoe. "Views of health service providers on the need for support services for HIV-positive mothers in the rural areas of Lesotho : an ecological perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96969.
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Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV/AIDS is one of the worst pandemics affecting the world today. It cuts across all boundaries and many people are infected as well as affected. The virus has reached all the corners of the globe, but the most hit by it is Africa, especially southern Africa, which carries more than half of the population infected and affected by HIV/AIDS. The top five countries whose populationsare infected with HIV are in southern Africa. Lesotho is amongst the top three on this list and also has problems of poverty and a high unemployment rate. Women and children, who are the target groups that are most affected by poverty, are also those living in rural areas. Thus, being an HIV-positive mother living in the rural areas of Lesotho means one has to deal with poverty, the inaccessibility of services and the psychological impacts of HIV. The aim of the study was to gain a better understanding of the views of health service providers on the need and accessibility of support services for HIV-positive mothers in the rural areas of Lesotho from an ecological perspective. To achieve this aim, the objectives were: to offer an overview of the phenomenon of HIV and describe the psychosocial needs and sociocultural circumstance of HIV-positive mothers in the rural areas of Lesotho, and to discuss the HIV-positive mothers’ need for support services from an ecological perspective. Both quantitative and qualitative research approaches were used. The research utilised exploratory and descriptive design. Purposive sampling was used to select the 30 participants who took part in the study. Data was gathered by means of semi-structured questionnaires that were administered during individual interviews. The questionnaires were formulated on the basis of information retrieved during the literature review. The findings of the study reveal that HIV-positive mothers living in the rural areas of Lesotho have economic, social and cultural circumstance as factors hindering their treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS. They are also faced with the psychological impacts of HIV, and the findings revealed that disclosure was the key to addressing their problems. The findings also show that most mothers receivedemotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal support from their families at the micro-level of the ecological perspective. The other levels – meso, exo and macro – provided only limited support for the mothers. The recommendations are that these mothers need social support at all levels of the ecological perspective to meet their needs
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV/vigs is een van die ergste pandemies in die moderne wêreld. Dit ken geen grense nie, en vele mense ly hetsy daaraan of daaronder. Die virus het reeds alle uithoeke van die aarde bereik. Tog gaan Afrika, veral Suider-Afrika, die swaarste daaronder gebuk, en word meer as die helfte van die totale populasie wat aan of onder MIV/vigs ly hier aangetref. Die vyf lande met die hoogste MIV-infeksiesyfers ter wêreld is almal in die streek geleë. Lesotho is een van die drie lande boaan hierdie lys, en het terselfdertyd te kampe met die probleme van armoede en ’n hoë werkloosheidsyfer. Vroue en kinders, synde die groepe wat die ergste deur armoede geraak word, woon ook meestal in landelike gebiede. ’n MIV-positiewe moeder in die landelike gebiede van Lesotho moet dus armoede, ontoeganklike dienste sowel as die sielkundige uitwerking van MIV trotseer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om vanuit die ekologiese perspektief ’n beter begrip te vorm van gesondheidsdiensverskaffers se sienings oor die behoefte aan en toeganklikheid van steundienste vir MIV-positiewe moeders in die landelike gebiede van Lesotho. Om hierdie doel te bereik, was die oogmerke om ’n oorsig van die MIV-verskynsel te bied, die psigososiale behoeftes en sosiokulturele omstandighede van MIV-positiewe moeders in die landelike gebiede van Lesotho te beskryf, en die moeders se behoefte aan steundienste vanuit die ekologiese perspektief te bespreek. ’n Kwantitatiewe sowel as ’n kwalitatiewe navorsingsmetode is gevolg, en die navorser het van ’n verkennende en beskrywende ontwerp gebruik gemaak. Doelgerigte steekproefneming is gebruik om die 30 studiedeelnemers te kies. Data is met behulp van semigestruktureerde vraelyste gedurende individuele onderhoude ingesamel. Die vraelyste is opgestel op grond van inligting wat in die literatuuroorsig bekom is. Die studie bevind dat ekonomiese, maatskaplike en kulturele omstandighede MIV/vigs-behandeling en -voorkoming vir MIV-positiewe vroue in die landelike gebiede van Lesotho belemmer. Daarbenewens moet hulle die sielkundige uitwerking van MIV die hoof bied, en die studie dui op openbaarmaking as die sleutel om hul probleme te hanteer. Die bevindinge toon ook dat die meeste moeders emosionele, fisiese, inligting- en bevestigende steun van hul families op die mikrovlak van die ekologiese perspektief ontvang. Die ander vlakke – meso, ekso en makro – bied slegs beperkte steun. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat hierdie moeders op alle vlakke van die ekologiese perspektief maatskaplike steun moet ontvang om in hul behoeftes te voorsien.
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Siraha, Pester. "The reasons for low utilization of long acting contraceptives amongst HIV positive women at Harare post test services clinic, Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79960.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study sought to answer the question, what are the reasons for low utilization of long acting contraceptives among HIV positive women attending the Harare Post-test support services clinic. The study was conducted at Harare Post-test support services clinic from September to December 2012. Data was collected using respondent administered questionnaires. A sample of 30 respondents was used for the study. After data collection, data was grouped, analysed and presented in the form of tables, figures, charts and descriptive statistics. The major findings from the study were that the majority of the women who attend the Harare Post-test support services clinic are within the age groups 35-49yaers. Most of the women are not using and modern contraceptive method. Condoms are used by 17% of the respondents and the long acting contraceptives, Jadelle and IUCD and used by a very low number of women attending the clinic. Fear of side effects is one of the reasons why the women are not suing long acting contraception. Most of the women know that the Jadelle and IUCD are long acting methods of contraception which prevents unintended pregnancy for up to five years for Jadelle and up to ten years for the IUCD. The long acting contraceptives are not available at the post test-support services clinic since the set-up of the clinic is not ideal for the provision of these services, women who need the methods are refereed outside the clinic were the cost to access the services is not affordable for most of the respondents. The conclusion drawn from the study is that women living with HIV have limited knowledge and access the long acting contraceptives at Harare Post-test support services clinic hence are not utilizing the methods. The researcher recommends that all women attending the clinic should be educated on the benefits of using dual protection to protect against unintended pregnancy as well as HIV transmission. A proper referral system should be established so that women referred to other service providers do not pay extra fees to access family planning services at the referral centres. Any IEC material should address the myths and fears related to use of long acting contraception by HIV positive women. The young age group below 35years should also be encouraged to access family planning services through the Post-test support services clinic.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal wat die redes is vir die lae gebruik van langwerkende voorbehoeding onder MIV positiewe vroue wat die Harare Post-test ondersteuningsdienste kliniek besoek. Data is deur middel van vraelyste onder 30 deelnemers ingesamel. Die resultate het getoon dat die meerderheid van vroue wat die kliniek besoek het tussen die ouderdomme van 35 en 49 was. Meeste van hulle gebruik nie moderne voorbehoeding nie, slegs 17% het aangedui dat hul kondome gebruik. Die langwerkende voorbehoeding Jadelle en IUCD word deur min die van vroue gebruik. ‘n Vrees vir die nadelige uitwerking daarvan is een van die redes waarom hul nie die voorbehoeding gebruik nie. Meeste van die vroue is bewus dat Jadelle en IUCd langwerkede metodes is wat swangerskap voorkom en dat Jadell tot 5 jaar werk en IUCD tot 10 jaar effektief kan wees. Die langwerkende metodes is egter nie by die kliniek beskikbaar nie en vroue wat die metodes verkies word na ander diensverskaffers verwys waar wat vir meeste van die vroue nie bekostigbaar is nie. Daar kan dus van die studie afgelei word dat MIV positiewe vroue beperkte kennis en toegang rakende die langwerkende voorbehoeding het en daarom nie die metodes ten volle benut nie. Die navorser beveel aan dat alle vroue wie die klinkiek besoek ingelig moet word oor die voordele van die tweeledige vorm van beskerming, nie net teen swangerskap nie maar ook teen MIV-infeksie. ‘n Verwysingstelsel moet in plek gestel word sodat die vroue wat na ander diensverskaffers verwys word nie nodig het om ekstra daarvoor te betaal nie. Daar word verder ook voorgestel dat die klinkiek meer inligtig rakende die langwerkende voorbehoeding beskikbaar stel en ook gesinsbeplanningsdienste aanbied.
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Maksimoski, Nancy. "Prevalence and determinants of non-barrier contraceptive use in HIV-positive women who attend HIV services at public sector clinics in Gugulethu." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9412.
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Includes bibliographical references.[Background] South Africa has one of the highest prevalences of HIV-infection in women of reproductive age and a high rate of unplanned pregnancy. It is important to explore contraceptive use in HIV-positive women to better understand how to facilitate service delivery to those women wishing to avoid pregnancy. While it is critical to emphasise condom use, information is needed on the factors that contribute to nonbarrier contraceptive use (NBCU) and its prevalence among HIV-positive women in order to afford women the opportunity to choose to have maximum dual method protection to prevent both infection and unwanted pregnancy. While there is literature on people living with AIDS and contraceptive use from other areas of the world, there is little quantitative research conducted in a South African context, although there is evidence of a high proportion of unwanted pregnancy among HIVpositive women in this setting. [ Rationale and Justification for Research ] Information is needed to understand the factors that contribute to NBCU by HIVpositive women, including the prevalence of these determinants. By better understanding the obstacles to non-barrier contraceptive use, both HIV and reproductive health services will better be able to provide more appropriate contraceptive health care to HIV-positive women. [ Aims ] The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of NBCU and the types of methods used innon-pregnant, HIV-positive women, and to determine the factors that influence the choice of NBCU. [ Objectives ] To determine the prevalence of NBCU in a population of HIV-positive South African females; To determine what factors influence NBCU in women infected with HIV, including whether or not NBCU changes after an HIV-positive diagnosis; To compare the NBCU prevalence among HIV-positive women who want children in the future to 8 those who do not want children in the future, and who are currently on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to those who are not currently on ART; To determine what factors influence NBCU for particular subsets of women, including those with and without fertility intentions in the next 12 months and women currently on and not on ART; To determine the unmet need for non-barrier contraception in HIV-positive women. [ Methods ] This study will form a part of a larger cross-sectional study, which collected data on the fertility intentions and the utilization of HIV and reproductive health services of 459 HIV-seropositive men and women from the peri-urban informal settlement of Gugulethu, located outside of Cape Town, from May to September 2006. Data was collected by trained fieldworkers through the use of a standardised quantitative survey instrument. A qualitative study consisting of in-depth interviews and focus groups with HIV-infected men was also conducted as part of the larger research project. After being cleaned, data was transferred to STATA Release 10 (STATACorp, College Station, USA) where bi-variate and multi-variate statistical analysis was performed. [ Ethics ] The Ethical Review Committee of the World Health Organisation and the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Cape Town, the research partners in this study, granted ethical approval to the larger cross-sectional study to which this sub-study is part. All participants who agreed to the voluntary interview provided informed consent, and although the risk of personal harm was very low, effort was put forth to minimise non-maleficence.
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Chehayber, Hoda. "Postpartum nutrition education services for HIV-positive Ghanaian women are scarce despite their increased risk of weight loss?" Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104820.
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Predictors of weight change throughout the first year postpartum were examined using data from 314 Ghanaian HIV-positive (HIV-P) and HIV-negative (HIV-N) women. The overall effect over one year postpartum was a loss in average weight in HIV-P women and a gain in average weight in HIV-N women. After controlling for confounders, weight change was negatively associated with being HIV-P and having a higher number of days of breastfeeding and illness, and positively associated with being a trader. To complement the quantitative analysis, qualitative data on nutrition education services provided to HIV-P women in Ghana were collected through focus group discussions with 38 HIV-P women, and semi-structured interviews with 12 health workers, 5 non-governmental and governmental personnel and a community leader. Financial insecurity, low support from health services, and stigma limited the women's ability to follow recommendations received. Barriers to providing more nutrition education included lack of audience-appropriate materials and in-service training. HIV-P women may need individualized nutrition counselling to help them maintain a normal weight during the postpartum period.Les prédicateurs du changement de poids durant la première année postpartum ont été examinés en utilisant des données de 314 femmes Ghanéennes VIH-positives (VIH-P) et VIH-négatives (VIH-N). L'effet achevé après un an postpartum, en moyenne, était une perte de poids par les femmes qui sont VIH-P et un gain de poids par les femmes qui sont VIH-N. Après avoir contrôler d'autres facteurs, le changement de poids se retrouve négativement corrélé avec VIH-P et le fait d'avoir plus de jours d'allaitement et des maladies, par contre positivement associe avec être un trader. De plus, pour compléter l'analyse quantitative, des informations qualitatives sur les services d'éducation nutritifs fournis aux femmes qui sont VIH-p à Ghana ont été recueillis grâce à des discussions de groupe avec 38 femmes VIH-p, et aussi a travers des entrevues semi-structurées avec 12 inspecteurs de santé, 5 non gouvernementales et gouvernementales personnels et un dirigeant de la communauté. Les obstacles à une éducation nutritionnelle figuraient notamment le manque d'auditoire de matériels appropriés et de la formation continue. L'insécurité financière, le faible soutien des services de santé, et la stigmatisation limite la capacité des femmes à suivre les recommandations reçues. Les femmes VIH-P auraient éventuellement besoin de conseils de nutrition individuels pour les aider à maintenir un poids normal au cours de la période postpartum.
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Ramoshaba, Refilwe. "Barriers influencing the use of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus follow-up services at Mankweng Clinics." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2009.
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Kirya, Viola. "A mixed methods study to explore the outcomes, experiences and perceptions of women who attended a new counselling model for HIV-positive pregnant women accessing antenatal services in Khayelitsha, Cape Town, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21194.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of counsellors and patients towards a new counselling model for HIV-positive pregnant women on Option B+ at an antenatal clinic in South Africa and to describe the cohort of HIV-positive pregnant women who experienced the new counselling model. Methods: A mixed methods study design was employed. The quantitative data collection involved using retrospective cohort quantitative data of women that were initiated on Option B+ during the period of 1 October 2013 to 30 June 2014. The variables of interest included: age, gravidity, antiretroviral therapy initiation date, viral load result and number of counselling sessions completed. These were obtained from patient folders and from the Department of Health patient electronic health record. The data was analysed using STATA 12. The qualitative data involved semi-structured interviews of patients and counsellors who had experienced the counselling model. Results: The number of women who completed a total of 1, 2, 3 or 4 counselling sessions was 25%, 26%, 48% and 1% respectively. The percentage of women that were retained in care for more than 8 weeks postnatal was 53%. Of the women with VL results, 92% were virally suppressed. The Fisher's exact test showed a P-value of 0.05 at a level of significance of P ≤ 0.05. Therefore there is sufficient evidence to show that there is a positive association between the number of counselling sessions completed and number of postnatal days in care. The study also found that from the counselling, the women gained social support, knowledge about: antiretroviral therapy, HIV, drug side effects and infant feeding. Conclusion: The poor uptake of the counselling intervention includes poor communication, service delivery challenges and social factors. The main motivation for initiating ART and maintaining adherence to treatment was to protect the baby and as a result, some women maintained adherence despite not completing the counselling. Women valued the education that they received during the counselling sessions and this influenced their adherence. Psychosocial support from the counsellors and peers was found to be vital to the women and this highlighted the need to incorporate a support group for the pregnant women, as part of the intervention. The findings also suggest that when offering counselling interventions to pregnant women, a balance between psychosocial support, practical support and patient education needs to be struck. Finally, education of the community on the importance of counselling is important in order to improve the uptake of the counselling because interventions aimed at mothers do not always take into account the influence of the social environment on the uptake of the intervention.
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Chitambala, Cecilia. "Factors affecting HIV counselling and testing (HCT) in the provision of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) services among pregnant women in Kabwe, Central Province of Zambie." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79955.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study looked at the factors that affect HCT in provision of PMTCT services. It explored the socio cultural and personal factors that affect HCT. It also established the knowledge level about HIV/AIDS and PMTCT among pregnant women in Kabwe. The transmission of HIV from mother to child contributes largely to HIV prevalence among children. Efforts to reduce this mode of transmission include increasing number of women who know their HIV status and increasing the number of HIV positive women who when pregnant take instructions and act on them to protect their children from the possibility of infection (Bartlett et al. 2004). Individuals can only know their HIV status once they are tested for HIV. However, there are socio cultural and personal factors among other factors that affect the access of HCT. The aim of this study was to identify socio cultural and personal factors that affect HIV counseling and testing in provision of PMTCT services among pregnant women in Kabwe, in order to make recommendations for the development of an intervention program to help improve uptake of HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT services. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were used to conduct this study. Focus Group Discussions were conducted with groups of pregnant women that have never been tested for HIV before and Key Informant Interviews with health care workers (midwives or nurses) to ask them about factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT services among pregnant women were used. A retrospective statistical report review was also used to ascertain the accessibility rate for the HIV counseling and testing for PMTCT services. In this light, statistical report review was used to collect the number of pregnant women attending ANC and number of pregnant women receiving HIV testing. The findings of this study revealed that the pregnant women had excellent knowledge about HIV/AIDS and the update of HCT was as good as 91% among pregnant women. The research also revealed domestic violence, accusation of promiscuity by partner, abandonment by partner, and stigma & discrimination as socio factors that affect HCT in provision of PMTCT. Religion, fear disbelief of test results was revealed as personal factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT. The research revealed decision making, tradition medicines, and practices as cultural factors affecting HCT in provision of PMTCT. The conclusion was made that fear of abandonment by partner, fear of being accused of being promiscuous by partner, and fear of domestic violence were the main factors why some pregnant women did not accept to take an HIV test during their pregnancies. It is also concluded that most men make decisions for their families. Women in homes have no powers to make decisions, so if the husband refuses her to take a test, the wife just has to comply. It is also concluded that a person’s ability to access health related services is shaped by socio cultural and personal factors among others factors. These findings fit well with the Anderson behavioral model which describes the individual factors as having three elements that relate to the individual’s ability to access and utilize health care services.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingstudie het gekyk na die faktore wat 'n invloed HCT in die voorsiening van VMTKO dienste. Dit ondersoek die sosio-kulturele en persoonlike faktore wat HCT. Dit het ook die kennis oor MIV / VIGS en VMNKO onder swanger vroue in Kabwe. Die oordrag van MIV van moeder na kind dra grootliks by tot die voorkoms van MIV onder kinders (Bartlett et al. 2004). Pogings om hierdie wyse van oordrag te verminder sluit in toenemende aantal vroue wat hul MIV-status ken en die verhoging van die aantal MIV-positiewe vroue wat toe swanger neem instruksies en reageer op hulle om hul kinders te beskerm teen die moontlikheid van infeksie. Individue kan slegs weet wat hul MIV-status wanneer hulle getoets word vir MIV. Egter, is daar sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore onder ander faktore wees wat die toegang van HCT. Die doel van hierdie studie was om sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore wat die MIV-berading en toetsing in die voorsiening van VMTKO dienste onder swanger vroue in Kabwe te identifiseer, ten einde aanbevelings te maak vir die ontwikkeling van 'n intervensie program te help opname van MIV-berading en toetsing vir VMNKO dienste te verbeter. Beide kwantitatiewe en kwalitatiewe metodes is gebruik om hierdie studie uit te voer. Fokusgroepbesprekings is gevoer met groepe van swanger vroue wat nog nooit vir MIV getoets is voor en onderhoude met sleutelinformante met gesondheidsorgwerkersVroedvroue of verpleegsters) is gebruik om hulle te vra oor die faktore wat HCT in voorsiening van PMTCT dienste onder swanger vroue. 'n Retrospektiewe statistiese verslag review is ook gebruik om die toeganklikheid koers vir die MIV-berading en om vas te stel toetsing vir VMNKO dienste. In hierdie lig, is statistiese verslag hersiening gebruik word om die aantal swanger vroue wat die ANC en die aantal swanger vroue MIV-toetsing in te samel. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie het aan die lig gebring dat die swanger vroue het uitstekende kennis oor MIV / VIGS en die update van HCT was so goed as 91% onder swanger vroue. Die navorsing het ook aan die lig gebring huishoudelike geweld, beskuldiging van losbandigheid deur vennoot, verlating deur vennoot, en stigma diskriminasie as sosio faktore wat 'n invloed HCT in die bepaling van die PMTCT. Godsdiens, vrees ongeloof van toetsresultate is geopenbaar as persoonlike faktore wat HCT in die voorsiening van PMTCT. Die navorsing het aan die lig gebring besluitneming, tradisie medisyne, en praktyke as kulturele faktore wat HCT in die voorsiening van PMTCT. Die gevolgtrekking is gemaak dat vrees vir verlating deur vennoot, vrees daarvan beskuldig dat hy van promisku deur vennoot, en die vrees van huishoudelike geweld was die belangrikste faktore waarom sommige swanger vroue nie aanvaar het nie 'n MIV-toets te neem tydens hul swangerskappe. Dit is ook die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die meeste mense besluite neem vir hul families. Vroue in huise het geen magte om besluite te neem, so as die man weier om vir haar 'n toets te neem, die vrou net om daaraan te voldoen. Dit is ook die gevolgtrekking gekom dat 'n persoon se vermoë om gesondheid verwante dienste om toegang te verkry tot gevorm word deur die sosiaal-kulturele en persoonlike faktore onder andere faktore. Hierdie bevindings pas goed met die Anderson gedrags-model wat die individuele faktore beskryf met drie elemente wat betrekking het op die individu se vermoë om toegang te verkry tot en gebruik van gesondheidsorgdienste.
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Davis, Annemarie, D. Labadarios, D. Marais, and M. F. Cotton. "Prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme : how "informed" is the literate mother's decision regarding infant feeding options in the Gert Sibande district, Mpumalanga province, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4957.
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225 leaves printed on single pages, preliminary pages i- xxiii and numbered pages 1-203. Includes bibliography, list of abbreviations, list of definitions, list of tables and figures and list of appendices.Digitized at 330 dpi color PDF format (OCR), using KODAK i 1220 PLUS scanner.
Thesis (MNutr (Interdisciplinary Health Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: "A comprehensive package of care for the Prevention of Mother- To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) of HIV" states that all mothers participating in the PMTCT Programme should receive education that will enable them to make informed decisions about infant feeding options. Rapid, same-day HIV testing and results that are available immediately, enable health care workers to be responsible for providing pre- and post-test counselling (which includes infant feeding options) on the same day. This could place a tremendous workload and time pressure on the health care workers. The aim of this study was to determine how "informed" is the literate mother's decision regarding infant feeding options, who participated in the PMTCT Programme, in the Gert Sibande District, Mpumalanga, South Africa. Method: Data was collected from health care workers and mothers on the PMTCT Programme at 23 PMTCT sites in the Gert Sibande District, with the help of 6 field workers and the PMTCT site manager at each PMTCT site, by means of once-off, self-administered questionnaires, which had been previously tested and validated. Results: Health care workers' attitude towards the PMTCT Programme was positive, although some (14%) indicated that what was expected of them was not achievable in their working environment. The most prominent change relating to the personal preferences of health care workers regarding infant feeding options for HIV-infected mothers, after attending the 5-day PMTCT course, was from formula-feeding to breast-feeding. Most (65%) indicated it was possible to stay neutral in a counselling session regardless of personal preference for infant feeding and 60% of those who could not stay neutral, still thought it was in the mother's best interest to be counselled by them. Most (98%) agreed mothers had the right to make informed decisions and 80% agreed mothers were able to make such a decision. Most (67%) health care workers indicated that not enough staff was stationed at PMTCT sites, only 53% used the feeding option cards when counselling mothers and indicated that more educational material was needed. Sixty one percent of the health care workers demonstrated the preparation of the formula to the mothers and allowed the mothers to demonstrate back to them. Between 49-82% and 37-56% of the health care workers knew the correct answers to knowledge questions relating to breastfeeding and formula-feeding, respectively. Not one health care worker, nor mother, knew all the steps in preparing a formula feed. Most (80%) mothers made decisions based on information provided to them by health care workers and only a small (13%) percentage were influenced by the community to practise a different feeding option than what they had chosen. Conclusions: The attitude, personal preferences, knowledge of and resources available to health care workers, influenced the decision made by mothers regarding infant feeding options and seeing that most mothers made their decision, based on information provided by health care workers, it is concluded that mothers can only make an informed decision about infant feeding options if they are advised appropriately by well trained, equipped and informed health care workers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "A comprehensive package of care for the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV", vermeld dat moeders, wat deelneem aan die Voorkoming van Moeder-Tot-Kind Oordrag (VMTKO) progam, voorligting behoort te ontvang ten opsigte van voedingsopsies vir hul babas, sodat hulle in staat sal wees om 'n ingeligte keuse te maak. Gesondheidswerkers is verantwoordelik om voorligting voor en na die HIV toets te gee, wat die voedingsopsies vir babas insluit, op dieselfde dag. Dit kan 'n ontsaglike werkslading op die gesondheidswerkers plaas. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal hoe "ingelig" is die geletterde moeder se keuse ten opsigte van voedingsopsies, wat deelneem aan die VMTKO program, in die Gert Sibande distrik, Mpumalanga, Suid-Afrika. Metode: Die data is ingesamel by 23 VMTKO-klinieke en -hospitale in die Gert Sibande distrik onder gesondheidswerkers en moeders op die VMTKO-program, met behulp van 6 veldwerkers en VMTKO-bestuurders, deur middel van eenmalige, selfvoltooide vraelyste, wat van tevore getoets en gevalideer was. Resultate: Die gesondheidswerkers se houding teenoor die VMTKO-program was positief, alhoewel 14% aangedui het dat wat van hulle verwag word nie prakties of moontlik is in hul werksomgewing nie. Die prominentste verandering rakende die persoonlike voorkeure van die gesonheidswerkers teenoor voedingsopsies vir HIV -geinfekteerde moeders, na die 5-dag VMTKO kursus, was van formulevoeding na borsvoeding. Meeste (65%) het aangedui dit is moontlik om neutraal te bly gedurende 'n voorligtingssessie, ten spyte van persoonlike voorkeure vir voedingsopsies en 60% van die wat nie neutraal kon bly nie, het steeds gedink dit is in die beste belang van die moeder om deur hulle voorgelig te word. Meeste (98%) het saamgestem dat dit die moeder se reg is om 'n ingeligte keuse te maak en 80% het saamgestem dat die moeder wel in staat is om so 'n besluit te neem. Meeste (67%) gesondheidswerkers het aangedui dat personeel tekorte bestaan by die VMTKO klinieke en hospitale. Slegs 53% gebruik die voedingsopsie kaarte gedurende 'n voorligtingsessie met die moeder en het aangedui dat meer voorligtingsmateriaal benodig word. Een en sestig persent van die gesondheidswerkers het die voorbereiding van die formulevoeding aan die moeders gedemonstreer en het moeders toegelaat om ook die demonstrasie te doen. Nege en veertig tot twee en tagtig persent en 37-56% van die gesondheidswerkers kon die korrekte antwoorde verskaf vir vrae oor borsvoeding en formulevoeding, afsonderlik. Nie een gesondheidswerker of moeder kon al die stappe vir die voorbereiding van die formulevoeding noem nie. Meeste (80%) moeders maak keuses gebaseer op inligting wat aan hulle verskaf word deur die gesondheidswerkers en slegs 'n klein persentasie (13%) word beinvloed deur familielede om die teenoorgestelde voedingsopsie te praktiseer as wat hulle gekies het. Gevolgtrekking: Die houding, persoonlike voorkeure, kennis van en hulpbronne beskikbaar aan die gesongheidswerkers, beinvloed die besluit wat moeders neem ten op sigte van voedingsopsies en aangesien die moeders hulle besluit baseer op inligting wat deur die gesondheidswerkers aan hulle gegee word, word die gevolgtrekking gemaak dat moeders slegs 'n ingeligte keuse aangaande voedingsopsies kan maak indien hulle voorligting ontvang deur goed opgeleide en ingeligte gesondheidswerkers.
11
Howard, Carol H. "Being positive: women living with HIV and AIDS in British Columbia." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2463.
Full textAbstract:
The following study is a phenomenological inquiry into five white, middle classwomen's experiences living with HIV and AIDS in British Columbia. The purpose, rather than describing AIDS as a medical phenomenon, is to document how being diagnosed HIV positive has affected the women's lives, health, relationships and livelihoods. A context for the women's stories is provided through a critical review of the biomedical model, as well as biomedical and community organizing perspectives on women and AIDS. Mostly verbatim accounts drawn from taped interviews conducted with the five women describes their lives with HIV and AIDS. Experiences surrounding their diagnosis, sources of information about their illness, strategies for coping, management of health, and management of personal and social identities are the themes explored. The women's participation, the role of the researcher, and the work produced are considered parts of an interactive process, demonstrating shared authority between the researcher and participants in the ethnographic process. Documentation of the women's experiences
leads to a discussion of the ways in which they successfully manage and control their own health care and well being within the context of larger social forces of sexism, medical bias and stigma. The women are given the last word in the study. In conclusion, a review oftheir situations three years after their initial interviews contributes a significant emotional and descriptive time-depth to the study.
12
Mangoejane, Lumka Petunia. "Exploring nurses' implementation of postnatal care to HIV positive mothers in the Free State." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21190.
Full textAbstract:
Postnatal care provides the opportunity for protecting the health of women and their babies by optimising human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment and management. This study intended to explore the implementation of postnatal care to HIV positive women by explicating nurses’ views regarding their practices with the aim of improving the programme.
The study was conducted at three clinics in Mangaung. An evaluative case study design was used to provide a detailed account on implementation of postnatal care to HIV positive clients. The purposive non-probability sampling was used. Semi-structured methods using focus group interviews were used to collect data. Data were reviewed through thematic analysis.
The study found that nurses understood guidelines, used them to direct their practice and challenges were highlighted. It was concluded that the system limitations needed to be addressed, skills of health care providers improved and linkages with community based services strengthened to improve effectiveness of care.Health Studies
M.PH.
13
Berhanu, Sinafikish Ayele. "Cervical cancer screening services utilisation among women living with HIV in Hawassa City Administration: Southern Ethiopia." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27174.
Full textAbstract:
Cervical cancer remains the main source of mortality among women around the world. It is a burden in developing countries and generally recognized through the complications of the advanced stages. The aim of this study was to investigate the utilisation of cervical cancer screening services among women living with HIV in Hawassa in order to develop a strategy to enhance cervical cancer screening service utilisation among this population in Ethiopia.
A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The data were collected using a standard structured questionnaire from 309 women living with HIV attending health care facilities in Hawassa city Administration. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 software was used to analyse data.
The results are presented based on the Health belief Model’s construct. The result revealed a low utilisation of cervical cancer screening services. Knowledge and perception of cervical cancer and cervical cancer screening service were also low. The main reason for being not screened was feeling healthy, lack of awareness, and embarrassment. Knowledge of cervical cancer was affected by factors such as knowing someone with cervical cancer, educational status, and monthly income. The finding indicated that utilisation of screenings could be determined by composite knowledge, perceived susceptibility to cervical cancer, duration on Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Treatment and willingness to be screened. The findings of this study, findings from the literature review and relevant legislation guided the researcher to develop a strategy to enhance cervical cancer screening service utilisation among women living with HIV Ethiopia. Relevant recommendations were put forward to promote utilisation of strategy and also for future research. The utilisation of the developed strategy may improve the uptake of screening for cervical cancer, improve early diagnosis and treatment of cervical malignant growth, and decrease mortality among women living with HIV in Hawassa city organization.Health Studies
Ph. D. (Public Health)
14
Matambo, Stembile. "The effects of antenatal health education on postnatal care among HIV positive women in Francistown City, Botswana." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18658.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of antenatal health education on postnatal care (PNC) among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive women in Francistown city, Botswana. This study followed a quantitative research paradigm. Data was collected with the aid of a questionnaire from eligible women who consented in writing to participate in the study.
Forty-five percent (45%) (n=45) HIV positive women came with babies for 6 weeks PNC and 55% (n=55) brought 8 weeks old babies either for weighing or for the two months immunisation from 28 April to 10 June 2014.
The responses regarding the source of health education received were as follows: 40% lay counselors, 31% midwives, 15% doctors, 5% nurses without midwifery, 5% cadre unknown, 2% both lay counselors and midwives, 1% by a health education assistant and 1% was not health educated at all.
Conclusion: The study revealed that HIV positive pregnant women received health education from different cadres of health and mostly by lay counselors. Literature indicates that lay counselors may give health information but at a very superficial level.Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
15
Gule, Wendy Patience. "HIV positive pregnant women's experiences of the antenatal care at a regional referral hospital in Swaziland." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19453.
Full textAbstract:
In its efforts to reduce maternal mortality and prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV, the government of Swaziland developed and implemented several programmes including a special antenatal care package for HIV-positive pregnant women in line with the WHO (2009) guidelines. Since the implementation of this latest special ANC package for HIV-positive women, little is known about how these services are experienced by the intended recipients. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the actual experiences of HIV-positive women with the antenatal care services provided at a regional referral hospital in Swaziland, with the view of providing more insight into the quality of ANC services from the users' perspectives. A qualitative descriptive, exploratory design was used to address the above purpose. The researcher used purposive sampling to select the participants who met the inclusion criteria for the study. Semi-structured individual interviews were used and saturation was reached after 18 individual face-to-face interviews. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse the collected data. Forteen themes related to the participants experiences with the ANC services and seven related to measures for improvement emerged from data. In general HIV positive pregnant women expressed positive views towards ANC services they received at the target institution. The results give an indication on the quality of the focussed ANC package provided at the hospital and specific recommendations for improvement are outlined.Health Studies
M. A. (Nursing Science)
16
Moyo, Idah. "Experiences of HIV positive women who utilised the PMTCT programme in one of the central hospitals in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21007.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThis qualitative descriptive phenomenological study explored the experiences of HIV positive women utilising PMTCT services at a central hospital in Zimbabwe. Data was collected using in-depth interviews of fifteen participants. The interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Using the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis framework for data analysis, two super-ordinate themes emerged, namely resources for provision of PMTCT services and approaches and nature of PMTCT care. The study revealed challenges experienced by HIV positive women emanating from material, financial and human resource related constraints in the PMTCT setting. The resource challenges negatively affected access and utilisation of PMTCT services. A practice model, whose purpose is to enhance the quality and utilisation of PMTCT services, was developed and described. The model was evaluated using Chin and Krammer (2011) criteria plus a modified form of the Delphi technique. These findings have implications for effective PMTCT service provision. The key lessons learnt for programmatic improvement were that in order to provide quality and accessible PMTCT services the health care system will need to be well resourced. There is need to strengthen the health care system in line with HIV related programmatic changes.
Health Studies
D. L.itt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
17
Nnamdi-Okagbue, Rosemary U. "An investigation into the factors affecting the utilization of mother to child tramission services by human immuno-deficiency virus positive women in Onitsha, Anambra State Nigeria." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4194.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study is to investigate and identify the factors that affect utilisation of prevention mother to child transmission of HIV services and propose measures to promote utilisation of services by HIV positive pregnant women in Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV accounts for over 90% of infections in children under 15 years. Infected pregnant women can pass on the infection to their babies during pregnancy, delivery or through breastfeeding. There are effective interventions now reduce of the infection to the baby. However some infected women still do not avail themselves of these services due to several reasons.
A quantitative descriptive study, using the Health Belief Model as the conceptual framework was used to conduct the research. A structured interview schedule was used to interview 102 pregnant women at two health facilities in Onitsha, Anambra state, Nigeria.
The findings from the study reveal that majority of the respondents knew about HIV transmission but not about ways the infection can be transmitted from mother-to-child. The respondents recognise that HIV/AIDS is a very serious threat in Nigeria and the study site and were of the opinion that all pregnant women should know their HIV status. The attitude of health care workers and fears about disclosure of HIV status to others was a setback. Revealing their status to the spouse was feared.
18
Makombe, Tsisi Nyasha. "The experiences of women living with HIV and Aids in Centurion, Gauteng province." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14326.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of women living with HIV and Aids in Centurion, Gauteng Province. The study was conducted at Lyttleton clinic and 12 women living with HIV and Aids were selected for the study using a non-probability, purposive sampling technique. In-depth, individual semi-structured interviews were used during data collection. A thematic content approach in data analysis yielded the following main themes: experience of being diagnosed HIV positive, disclosure of an HIV positive status, physical signs and symptoms of HIV and Aids, stigma/ emotional stress well experiences in services rendered. The study highlighted the need for a well-established health system, assisting women living with HIV and Aids on how to cope and to raise awareness on HIV and Aids.Health Studies
M. A. (Public Health)
19
Damar, Alita P. "Need analysis for AIDS-related bereavement counselling programmes to assist women affected by HIV/AIDS - an indonesian perspective." Diss., 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1348.
Full textAbstract:
AIDS-related bereavement counselling programmesThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is a need for specific bereavement counselling programmes for women affected by HIV/AIDS in Indonesia, where death is believed to be fated. Six AIDS-bereaved women were recruited. Data analysis was conducted based on the women's interview transcripts and journal entries. The women experienced at least three traumatic life events. The most challenging experience was learning that they have contracted a disease they knew to be mostly associated with prostitution. Given the short lapse of time between their husbands' deaths and learning about their seropositivity, biographical disruption appeared to have acted as an "analgesic", while concerns to protect their children seemed to have triggered biographical reinforcement. This phenomenon may have brought about a positive bereavement outcome. Specific counselling programmes for women affected by HIV/AIDS are needed, but emphasis should first be placed on improving their wellbeing and their perception of stigma.
Sociology
M.A. (Sociology (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS))
20
Phiri, Tamara. "Exploring male partner involvement in prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV services in a selected primary health care facility in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11085.
Full textAbstract:
KwaZulu-Natal is the province worst affected by the disease burden of HIV and AIDS with 38.7% of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANC) testing positive for HIV in 2008 (South Africa National Department of Health, 2008; Horwood et al, 2010). The lack of male partner involvement has been recognized as a contributing factor to poor programme adherence by women initiated into the prevention of mother-to-child-transmission (PMTCT) programme in South Africa (Peltzer et al, 2011a). Increasing male partner involvement in the services, therefore, has been acknowledged as one of the strategies that may have an impact in the success of the programme (DOH, 2008; Peltzer et al., 2011a; Reece et al, 2010; Vika et al, 2010)
This study aimed to explore and describe male partner involvement in PMTCT services in a selected primary health care facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Five areas were investigated: demographic factors; knowledge; socio-cultural factors; programmatic factors; and the interrelationship between demographic factors, knowledge, socio-cultural factors and programmatic factors on male involvement in PMTCT.
A quantitative exploratory descriptive design was conducted in November 2012 at a selected primary health care facility in KwaZulu-Natal. Questionnaires were issued to 90 men. The study revealed some association between certain variables of interest and male involvement.
The study recommended that PMTCT programmes need to boost their awareness strategies as a means of increasing male involvement in the services.Theses (M.N.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
21
Mekonnen, Dessie Ayalew. "Strategies to facilitate the integration of family planning and HIV services at the public health centre level in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25079.
Full textAbstract:
Improving the implementation of family planning through integration with HIV services is vital to reduce maternal and child morbidity and mortality that has been a concern especially in developing countries like Ethiopia (UNFPA 2016). The aim of this study was to develop a strategic plan that could facilitate the implementation of an integrated family planning and HIV services at the public health centre level.
The researcher utilized an explanatory sequential mixed method design with quantitative data collected in the first phase and qualitative data collected in the second phase. Data were collected from 403 clients in face-to-face structured interviews and from 305 service providers by means of a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was applied to describe the findings of the study. Significance testing between variables was computed by odds ratio, p-value and 95% confidence interval. Bivariate and multi-variate logistic regressions were used for the analysis.
In Phase 1, awareness of family planning methods, male involvement, marital status, client satisfaction, family income, waiting time, training, awareness of policies/guideline and transport availability were statistically significant challenges identified by clients and service providers. The client and service provider respondents identified previous use of family planning, men’s involvement, client satisfaction, availability of behavioural change communication materials, accessibility, budget, infrastructure and medical resources as opportunities. In phase 2, the researcher utilized the nominal group technique (NGT) to collect qualitative data from programme officers. Twenty-four programme officers from 10 sub city health offices, city and national level participated in two nominal groups, consisting of 12 participants each. Multiple group analysis was used to analyse the data from the nominal groups. The five strategies ranked as the most important were leadership and management; capacity building; implementation of policies and guidelines; advocacy/awareness, and infrastructure.
The findings in phase 1 and phase 2 formed the basis for the development of a strategic plan using the process planning model. The strategic plan was developed and validated with the active participation and involvement of programme officers. The plan is intended to be implemented by service providers and programme officers to facilitate the implementation of integrated family planning and HIV services at the public health centre level.Health Studies
D. Litt et. Phil. (Health Studies)
22
Lekganyane, Maditobane Robert. "Anticipated and enacted stigma among female outpatients living with HIV : the case of Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, South Africa." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3758.
Full textAbstract:
Three years into the human territory, the fight against HIV/AIDS still prevails. According to Fuller (2008), it is estimated that by 2025, 80 million Africans will have been killed by this pandemic, while 90 million are estimated to be infected by HIV. Close to 3 thousand women are infected with HIV daily. In the beginning of 2008, some 22,5 million sub-Saharan Africans were living with HIV (Fuller 2008).
In South Africa, 5 million people are estimated to be infected with HIV, 250 thousand die each year due to AIDS-related deaths, while a thousand people die daily and 17 hundred get infected daily. South African women are the hardest hit population group, compared to their male counterparts (Fuller 2008; Zuberi 2004). In South Africa this epidemic crawled under the shadow of denial, fear, ignorance, stigma and discrimination, which disrupted efforts to prevent further spread and care for the infected and the affected individuals and groups. South African women are subjected to gender inequality, sexual violence and rape, and in the presence of HIV/AIDS their plight became exacerbated. They became subjected to blame and rejection because people do not want to associate themselves with this group, who possess the deadly infectious disease which is associated with commercial sex workers, intravenous drug users and homosexuals.
The aim of this research was to investigate the plight of anticipated and enacted stigma among the South African women who receive treatment as outpatients in the Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital. The study was conducted among six women who are living with HIV/AIDS over a period of four weeks, with a qualitative research design adopted as research method. In-depth interviews were used as the primary tool for data collection. This study was conducted in order for the researcher to obtain insight into the subject of HIV- and AIDS-related stigma and to highlight the experiences of participants for policy and programme designing and development purposes.
23
Mapungwana, Pheyiye. "An investigation into young women workers' experiences of the HIV and AIDS response of small and medium sized enterprises in a semi urban area in KwaZulu-Natal." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18308.
Full textAbstract:
Young women working in SMEs are increasingly being affected by HIV and AIDS, and
SMEs are expected to respond to HIV and AIDS through workplace policies and
programmes. This requires commitment from SMEs to help young women who face
various gendered vulnerabilities to HIV and AIDs. The study, whose purpose was to
investigate young women workers’ experiences of the HIV and AIDS response of small
and medium enterprises in a semi urban area in KwaZulu-Natal, used a qualitative
approach and collected data from three SMEs in Pietermaritzburg during the period of
the study. Findings of the study indicate that the majority of respondents from all three
SMEs agree on experiencing limited or no HIV and AIDS policies and programmes in
SMEs. With reference to incomplete or limited responses, two SMEs provide financial
assistance for funerals. However, some aspects such as education and awareness,
monitoring, management commitment, provision of medical aid, facilitation of peer
education, appointment of an HIV officer and more were not evident. Thus
recommendations were made on how SMEs should respond, and future research ideas
were outlined.Health Studies
M. A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
24
Zuyderduin, Johanna Regina. "The buddy system of care and support for and by women living with HIV/AIDS in Botswana." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1381.
Full textAbstract:
A needs assessment during 2000 guided the design of a buddy system in Botswana. Implementation of this care and support system for and by 39 HIV+ve female buddy-client pairs started in 2002. During April and November 2002, levels of disclosure, self-care, support and quality of life of buddy-client pairs and the controls (n = 38) were compared. Orem's self-care theory, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Cohen and Syme's conceptualisation of social support formed the theoretical framework. By November 2002, clients' disclosure levels, self-care for TB, and antiretroviral therapy adherence had improved. Higher income, higher education and older age predicted higher levels of self-care for antiretroviral therapy. The social support survey reported satisfaction with types of support available in November 2002 (N = 112). Clients' scores for self-care for TB, antiretroviral therapy and social support improved more than those of controls over the study period. The personal resource questionnaire measured perceptions of support: buddies' scores increased more than those of clients. Women on antiretroviral therapy completed the adherence attitudes inventory in April and November 2002 and reported a downward trend in adherence. Findings of the quality of life (SF 36) instrument showed that during the six-month study period, physical and mental health component summary scores improved but remained low (N = 112). During 2003 Botswana's community-based buddy-support programme was adopted by four other countries in Southern Africa in an attempt to enhance the quality of life of HIV+ve women in these countries.Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
25
Dlamini, Phumzile Lucia. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with PMTCT among breastfeeding mothers living with HIV in a King Sobhuza II public health unit, Swaziland." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19240.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis in English, Annexure E: Consent form (leaf 81) as well as KABP Survey Questionnaire (leaves 87-91) in English and SiSwati.The purpose of the study was to assess knowledge, explore attitudes and determine practices of breastfeeding mothers living with HIV regarding post-natal PMTCT interventions and services. The study was quantitative and descriptive in nature, utilising a retrospective cohort design. The study sample included breastfeeding mothers living with HIV, who attended the King Sobhuza II public health unit in the Manzini region of Swaziland. A written questionnaire was administered to a non-random sample of 90 consecutively selected mothers living with HIV attending the above-cited public health unit for post-natal health purposes. The overall study results revealed that the majority of breastfeeding mothers living with HIV in the afore-mentioned region (77.8%) presented high levels of knowledge on PMTCT, and 90% demonstrated a positive attitude; while a further 90% also demonstrated positive behaviour towards PMTCT. However, stigma and discrimination among family members, non-disclosure of HIV status to sexual partners; as well as poverty and fear of future drug-resistance are the cause of non-adherence to ARV prophylaxis. Furthermore, inconsistent condom use, mixed-feeding methods and wet-nursing also emerged as other contributing factors to the increase of post-natal mother-to-child transmission of HIV among breastfeeding mothers living with HIV.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)
26
Tayo, Siphiwo Zandisile. "The experience and challenges of women living with HIV in the Pietermaritzburg region, Kwazulu-Natal province: perspectives of social workers." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14564.
Full textAbstract:
A qualitative study was undertaken in Pietermaritzburg to unveil the experiences and challenges of WLWHIV as perceived by social workers as well as to explore and describe the experiences of social workers in rendering services to these women. Explorative, descriptive and contextual research designs were employed for the research process. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilised to recruit participants who met the set criteria. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen participants. Data obtained were transcribed and analysed applying Tesch‘s eight steps (Creswell, 2009). Data verification was guided by Guba‘s model (Krefting, 1991).
The findings revealed the existence of strained relationships between WLWHIV and their partners and ineffective delivery of social work services to WLWHIV. Based on the findings, it is recommended that specialised training for social workers on issues related to death and dying and services for children of WLWHIV be incorporated in the guidelines for social work practiceSocial Work
M.A. (social Work)
27
Mbatha, Trusty Lomcebo. "Perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus positive pregnant mothers regarding the prevention of mother-to-child transmission, option B+ Programme in a public health unit in Manzini." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23260.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThe purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of the HIV positive pregnant mothers regarding the PMTCT Option B+ programme in order to identify and describe gaps; and also help the Swaziland government address these gaps. The study was conducted in one of the public health units in the Manzini Region of Swaziland. The qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research design was used and data collection was done using individual interviews and field notes. Permission was also requested from the participants in order to record the interviews. Population of the study were all cases of HIV positive pregnant mothers enrolled on PMTCT Option B+ programme, and were aged between 18 and 40 years. Number of participants sampled was 20 and only 17 participants were interviewed. Themes of the study were: perceptions of being enrolled on the PMTCT Option B+ programme, understanding about PMTCT Option B+ programme and information needed with regard to PMTCT Option B+ programme, perceptions with the care received from the nurses and their assistance on PMTCT Option B+ programme, effectiveness of the PMTCT Option B+ programme and challenges of taking ARVs. The findings revealed that Option B+ programme was perceived as preventing HIV from mother-to-child. It boosts the mother’s immune system, prevents opportunistic infections and prolongs life. Knowledge and understanding of the programme was displayed by the participants even though challenges such as discrimination and no support by families and partners were mentioned. Improvement of the programme on how to prevent the spread of HIV to babies and strategies to assist participants on how to disclose were recommended. This was found to be having a huge effect on treatment adherence.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)
28
Chukwukaodinaka, Nkwakaego Ernestina. "Factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT services in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19036.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT of HIV services and proposed measures to promote service utilisation by HIV positive pregnant women in the FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. Effective interventions exist that can reduce the transmission of HIV infection to the baby.
The study is a quantitative descriptive one, with 190 HIV positive pregnant women from 20 health Centres in three area councils in Abuja, who were interviewed using structured questionnaire to get their opinion.
The findings revealed that the majority (90.4%) of the respondents were aware of PMTCT and how HIV can be transmitted from mother-to-child. The respondents (95.9%) were of the opinion that all pregnant women should be tested. Notably, PMTCT services will be hindered by the following: permission from spouse before being tested, couple counselling not done, group post test counselling, non-incorporation of family planning and low support group enrolment.
Recommendations made include emphasis on couple counselling, confidentiality and friendly environmentHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
29
Chukwukaodinaka, Nwakaego Ernestina. "Factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT services in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19036.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the factors influencing the utilisation of PMTCT of HIV services and proposed measures to promote service utilisation by HIV positive pregnant women in the FCT, Abuja, Nigeria. Effective interventions exist that can reduce the transmission of HIV infection to the baby.
The study is a quantitative descriptive one, with 190 HIV positive pregnant women from 20 health Centres in three area councils in Abuja, who were interviewed using structured questionnaire to get their opinion.
The findings revealed that the majority (90.4%) of the respondents were aware of PMTCT and how HIV can be transmitted from mother-to-child. The respondents (95.9%) were of the opinion that all pregnant women should be tested. Notably, PMTCT services will be hindered by the following: permission from spouse before being tested, couple counselling not done, group post test counselling, non-incorporation of family planning and low support group enrolment.
Recommendations made include emphasis on couple counselling, confidentiality and friendly environmentHealth Studies
M.A. (Public Health)
30
Tlhako, Regina Kgabo. "Exploring socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors influencing young women's vulnerability to HIV : a study in Sunnyside (Pretoria)." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/22062.
Full textAbstract:
Women face a greater risk of HIV infection worldwide than men. This study explored socio-economic, cultural and environmental factors influencing young women’s vulnerability to HIV. A quantitative explorative study was conducted among young women in Sunnyside, Pretoria. A sample of 158 young women in the age group 18 to 24
years from all language groups was randomly selected to participate in this study. The findings showed that poverty, peer pressure and multiple sexual partners were the main factors that influenced young women in Sunnyside’s vulnerability to HIV. Behavioural change and social change were recommended as long-term processes, which need to be taken into consideration. Findings from the Sexual Relationship Power Scales show that young women between 18 and 21 years experience physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse and forced sex in their relationships. The study concluded with
specific recommendations for the successful implementation of policy makers and planners to protect women.Health Studies
M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV/AIDS)
31
Sibanda, Mgcini. "The characteristics of pregnant women attending the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme at Bulawayo city clinics, Zimbabwe." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2756.
Full textAbstract:
Antiretroviral therapy is an important public health strategy to reduce the risk of HIV vertical transmission. Implementation of such therapy depends on the identification of HIV-infected pregnant women. This study investigated how the biographical characteristics of the pregnant women (16-45 years) influenced their health decision-making in Bulawayo clinics. The study was guided by the theories of health behaviour. The study assumed that the respondents’ demographic characteristics will influence their attitudes towards PMTCT programme. Using a structured questionnaire, forty pregnant women who visited the Bulawayo clinics to have prenatal checkups were interviewed. The majority of respondents came from a poor, high-density township. Most of the respondents were married, but about a third were not married at the time data collection and 5% were separated. The survey items were demographic characteristics, knowledge of PMTCT, HIV risk perceptions and service utilisation. The levels of literacy among the respondents were high; more than 80% had completed primary education. Overall the respondents’ demographic characteristics influenced their attitudes towards PMTCT. Majority of the women knew that a mother with HIV can pass the virus to her child, during pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding. The pregnant women’s health-seeking behaviour and their attitudes toward reproductive health services are influenced by their demographic situation.Health Studies
(M.A. (Social Behavior Studies in HIV/AIDS))
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Mpaka, M. "The prevention of HIV transmission from mother-to-child : the obligations of the South African government in terms of national and international laws." Diss., 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/4342.
Full textAbstract:
Women and children are often the most affected by pandemics which have swept through the world, and in this regard the HIV/AIDS pandemics is not an exception. The most common route of HIV infection in HIV positive children under 5 years of age is through Mother-To-Child Transmission (MTCT). In spite of the seriousness of this pandemic, the Constitutional Court has found that the measures taken by the South African government with regard to the Prevention of Mother-To-Child Transmission (PMTCT) has fallen short of what the Constitution requires. This dissertation critically reviews the management of the South African PMTCT programme, and discusses the relevant Court decisions. The study finally clarifies the obligations of the South Africa government in the context of PMTCT under the 1996 Constitution and in terms of international law.Constitutional,International & Indigenous Law
LL.M. (Legal aspects of HIV/AIDS)
33
Plaatjie, Bulelwa. "The impact of HIV and AIDS on planned parenthood in the area of Mthatha." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3092.
Full text