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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV-positive persons'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Seth, Puja, Guoshen Wang, and Lisa Belcher. "Previously Diagnosed HIV-Positive Persons." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 45, no. 6 (June 2018): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000766.

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2

Kaplan, Caryn R., and Zari B. Kolodny. "Nutritional Care for HIV-Positive Persons." TOPICS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION 11, no. 3 (July 1996): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008486-199606000-00012.

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3

Lundgren, Jens D., and Andrew N. Phillips. "Rescue of Severely Immunocompromised HIV‐Positive Persons." Journal of Infectious Diseases 202, no. 10 (November 15, 2010): 1467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656719.

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4

Fisher, Jeffrey D., Deborah H. Cornman, Chandra Y. Osborn, K. Rivet Amico, William A. Fisher, and Gerald A. Friedland. "Clinician-Initiated HIV Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-Positive Persons." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 37 (October 2004): S78—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000140605.51640.5c.

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MOR, S. M., J. A. AMINAWUNG, A. DEMARIA, and E. N. NAUMOVA. "Pneumonia and influenza hospitalization in HIV-positive seniors." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 9 (November 26, 2010): 1317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002669.

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SUMMARYHIV-positive persons and the elderly have increased risk for influenza-related complications, including pneumonia. Using claims data for pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalization in the USA, we described the temporo-demographic trends and in-patient case-fatality in persons aged ⩾65 years by HIV status. Our results showed a near doubling in the fraction of P&I admissions representing HIV-positive persons between 1991 and 2004 [relative risk (RR) 1·95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·80–2·13]. HIV-positive adults were younger (70·3 vs. 79·9 years, P<0·001), and had higher case-fatality (18·0% vs. 12·6%, P<0·001). Adjusting for other variables, case-fatality decreased by 5·8% in HIV-positive persons with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (P=0·032). However, HIV-positive seniors were still 51% more likely to die during hospitalization than HIV-negative persons in 2004 (OR 1·51, 95% CI 1·23–1·85). HIV-infected persons represent a growing fraction of the elderly population hospitalized with P&I. Additional measures are needed to reduce case-fatality associated with P&I in this population.

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Galletly, C. L., and J. Dickson-Gomez. "HIV seropositive status disclosure to prospective sex partners and criminal laws that require it: perspectives of persons living with HIV." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 9 (September 2009): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008417.

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Thirty-one HIV-positive persons living in Michigan took part in focus group discussions about Michigan's HIV disclosure law. Discussion themes included perceived responsibility to prevent infection, concern about unwanted secondary disclosure of HIV-positive status, fear of being falsely accused of violating Michigan's HIV disclosure law and perceived vulnerability of HIV-positive persons within the US legal system. Although participants strongly agreed with the ostensible purpose of Michigan's criminal HIV disclosure law, there was considerable concern about the negative impact of the law on persons living with HIV.

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7

Tsiko, O. V., and V. M. Kozko. "Pulmonary lesions in HIV-positive persons (brief review)." ACTUAL INFECTOLOGY 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2312-413x.6.6.2018.151480.

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8

Gueler, Aysel, André Moser, Alexandra Calmy, Huldrych F. Günthard, Enos Bernasconi, Hansjakob Furrer, Christoph A. Fux, et al. "Life expectancy in HIV-positive persons in Switzerland." AIDS 31, no. 3 (January 2017): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001335.

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9

Bunch, E. H. "Symptom management for HIV-positive persons in Norway." International Nursing Review 51, no. 3 (September 2004): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2004.00232.x.

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10

Carrico, Adam W., Mallory O. Johnson, Stephen F. Morin, Robert H. Remien, Edwin D. Charlebois, Wayne T. Steward, and Margaret A. Chesney. "Correlates of suicidal ideation among HIV-positive persons." AIDS 21, no. 9 (May 2007): 1199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0b013e3281532c96.

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11

Kalichman, Seth C., David Rompa, Webster Luke, and James Austin. "HIV transmission risk behaviours among HIV-positive persons in serodiscordant relationships." International Journal of STD & AIDS 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2002): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095646202760326426.

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As many as one in three persons living with HIV-AIDS continue to practise unprotected sexual intercourse and these practices often occur with HIV-negative or unknown HIV serostatus (serodiscordant) partners. The current study examined the rates of HIV transmission risk behaviours in non-regular (e.g. casual) and regular (e.g. steady) serodiscordant relationships. HIV positive men ( n = 269) and women ( n = 114) responded to measures of demographic characteristics, health and mental health status, and sexual behaviours assessed in partner-by-partner interviews. 257 (67%) participants were sexually active in the preceding three months and 182 (71%) of the sexually active persons had engaged in vaginal or anal intercourse with serodiscordant partners. Comparisons of persons with non-regular ( n = 97) and regular ( n = 85) serodiscordant partners showed that overall rates of unprotected and protected intercourse were greater with regular partners than non-regular partners. Disclosure of HIV status to regular and non-regular serodiscordant partners did not appear to influence the pattern of results. Mathematical modelling showed that HIV transmission estimates over a one-year horizon were significantly greater for male regular partners of HIV-positive men than non-regular partners and there was a trend toward greater HIV transmission rates from HIV-positive men to their regular serodiscordant female partners compared to non-regular partners. Results suggest an urgent need for HIV transmission risk reduction interventions for HIV serodiscordant couples, particularly for couples in established, regular relationships.

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12

Ang, Li Wei, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Irving Charles Boudville, Chen Seong Wong, Sophia Archuleta, Vernon Lee, Angela Chow, and Yee Sin Leo. "Epidemiological factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing among HIV-positive persons in Singapore, 2012–2017." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e050133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050133.

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ObjectiveTo assess the temporal trend and identify risk factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis among HIV-positive persons in Singapore.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe analysed data of HIV-positive persons infected via sexual transmission, who were notified to the National HIV Registry in 2012–2017.OutcomesEpidemiological factors associated with the absence of HIV testing prior to diagnosis were determined separately for two groups of HIV-positive persons: early and late stages of HIV infection at diagnosis.Results2188 HIV-positive persons with information on HIV testing history and CD4 cell count were included in the study. The median age at HIV diagnosis was 40 years (IQR 30–51). Nearly half (45.1%) had never been tested for HIV prior to their diagnosis. The most common reason cited for no previous HIV testing was ‘not necessary to test’ (73.7%). The proportion diagnosed at late-stage HIV infection was significantly higher among HIV-positive persons who had never been tested for HIV (63.9%) compared with those who had undergone previous HIV tests (29.0%). Common risk factors associated with no previous HIV testing in multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by stage of HIV infection were: older age at HIV diagnosis, lower educational level, detection via medical care and HIV infection via heterosexual transmission. In the stratified analysis for persons diagnosed at early-stage of HIV infection, in addition to the four risk factors, women and those of Malay ethnicity were also less likely to have previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis.ConclusionTargeted prevention efforts and strategies are needed to raise the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS and to encourage early and regular screening among the at-risk groups by making HIV testing more accessible.

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13

Gabriel, Curtis L., Celestine Wanjalla, Sam Bailin, Mona Mashayekhi, Jane Ferguson, and John Koethe. "Sa348 THE PLASMA LIPIDOME DIFFERENTIATES NAFLD IN HIV-POSITIVE PERSONS FROM NAFLD IN HIV-NEGATIVE PERSONS." Gastroenterology 160, no. 6 (May 2021): S—829—S—830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5085(21)02707-4.

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Khalezova, N. B., N. B. Lutova, and M. A. Khobeysh. "The aggressive tendencies in HIV-positive persons with concomitant mental disorders." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY 56, no. 2 (July 31, 2022): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2022-56-2-67-77.

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Hostility and aggressiveness can be a marker of individual psychological vulnerability to stressors leading to reduced social adjustment and the risk of mental disorder manifestation. The aggressive tendencies prevalence is believed to be high among people living with HIV. With an increase in the incidence of HIV infection, the number of HIV-positive patients with concomitant mental disorders is increasing.Aim: to evaluate the intensity and the structure of aggressive tendencies in HIV-infected persons with concomitant mental disorders. Material and Methods. 78 HIV-positive persons and 24 HIV-negative psychiatric patients. The Bass-Darkie Aggressive Level Questionnaire (BDHI) and Short Psychiatric Assessment Scale (BPRS) were used. Nonparametric statistics, dispersion analysis was performed with p≤0.05, Cohen’s d calculated (effect size).Results. We examined 102 people, 51 (50.0%) men, 51 (50.0%) women, the average age — 35.5 ± 9.7 years. 58 (74.4%) HIV-infected respondents had mental disorders. HIV-positive persons with schizophrenia had higher values of most aggressive tendencies (p<0.05) in the group of HIV-infected subjects. In comparison with HIV-negative patients, HIV-positive persons with schizophrenia had higher mean values of «Physical aggression» (p<0.001, Cohen’s d=1.0), «Verbal aggression» (p <0.001, Cohen’s d = 1, 0), and «Aggressiveness» (p=0.004, Cohen’s d=0.86). 4B clinical stage of HIV infection was associated with higher scores of «Physical aggression», «Indirect aggression», «Verbal aggression», «Negativism», «Aggressiveness» (p<0,05).Conclusion. The study findings contribute to the understanding of the features of aggressive tendencies in HIV-positive persons and call for further research to improving the quality and personalization of medical care for patients with concomitant mental disorders.

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Meyer, Alexander, Sanjay Dandamudi, Chad Achenbach, Donald Lloyd-Jones, and Matthew Feinstein. "Ventricular Ectopy and Arrhythmia Characteristics for Persons Living with HIV and Uninfected Controls." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821985212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219852123.

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Background: Persons with HIV have elevated risk for cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the risk of ventricular ectopy and ventricular tachycardia (VE/VT) for HIV-infected (HIV+) persons. Methods: We evaluated the presence and anatomic origin of VE/VT for HIV+ persons and controls by screening a cohort using International Classification of Diseases codes and adjudicating positive screens by chart review. We sought to evaluate (1) presence of VE/VT and (2) likely anatomic origin of the VE/VT based on electrocardiogram. Results: There was no significant difference in the prevalence of VE/VT for HIV+ or uninfected persons. Among HIV+ persons, worse HIV control was associated with significantly greater odds of VE/VT. Exploratory analyses suggested that HIV+ persons may have a greater likelihood of VE/VT originating from the left ventricle. Conclusion: Although worse HIV control was associated with higher odds of VE/VT among persons with HIV, odds of VE/VT were not higher for persons with HIV than uninfected persons.

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16

Yilma, Daniel, Pernille Kæstel, Mette F. Olsen, Alemseged Abdissa, Markos Tesfaye, Tsinuel Girma, Henrik Krarup, et al. "Change in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D with antiretroviral treatment initiation and nutritional intervention in HIV-positive adults." British Journal of Nutrition 116, no. 10 (November 8, 2016): 1720–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114516003743.

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AbstractLow vitamin D level in HIV-positive persons has been associated with disease progression. We compared the levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons, and investigated the role of nutritional supplementation and antiretroviral treatment (ART) on serum 25(OH)D levels. A randomised nutritional supplementation trial was conducted at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. The trial compared 200 g/d of lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) with no supplementation during the first 3 months of ART. The supplement provided twice the recommended daily allowance of vitamin D (10 μg/200 g). The level of serum 25(OH)D before nutritional intervention and ART initiation was compared with serum 25(OH)D of HIV-negative individuals. A total of 348 HIV-positive and 100 HIV-negative persons were recruited. The median baseline serum 25(OH)D level was higher in HIV-positive than in HIV-negative persons (42·5 v. 35·3 nmol/l, P<0·001). In all, 282 HIV-positive persons with BMI>17 kg/m2 were randomised to either LNS supplementation (n 189) or no supplementation (n 93) during the first 3 months of ART. The supplemented group had a 4·1 (95 % CI 1·7, 6·4) nmol/l increase in serum 25(OH)D, whereas the non-supplemented group had a 10·8 (95 % CI 7·8, 13·9) nmol/l decrease in serum 25(OH)D level after 3 months of ART. Nutritional supplementation that contained vitamin D prevented a reduction in serum 25(OH)D levels in HIV-positive persons initiating ART. Vitamin D replenishment may be needed to prevent reduction in serum 25(OH)D levels during ART.

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Govender, R. D., and L. Schlebusch. "Hopelessness, depression and suicidal ideation in HIV-positive persons." South African Journal of Psychiatry 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v18i1.302.

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<p><strong>Background and objectives.</strong> HIV/AIDS and suicidal behaviour are major public health concerns. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between hopelessness, depression and suicidal ideation in HIV-infected persons.</p><p><strong>Methods.</strong> The sample consisted of all adult volunteers attending a voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) HIV clinic at a university affiliated state hospital. Suicidal ideation and depression were measured using the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), respectively, at two intervals, viz. 72 hours and 6 weeks after HIV diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> Of the 156 patients who tested positive for HIV, 32 (20.5%) had a hopelessness score of 9 or above on the BHS and 130 patients (82.8%) were depressed according to the BDI at 72 hours after diagnosis. Of the 109 patients assessed 6 weeks after diagnosis, 32 (28.8%) had a hopelessness score of >9 on the BHS and 86 (78.2%) were depressed according to the BDI. A moderately positive correlation at both time periods was found between hopelessness and depression. A ROC analysis showed optimal sensitivity, indicating that the HIV-positive depressed patients were at risk for suicidal behaviour.</p><p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The significant correlations between hopelessness, depression and suicidal ideation are important markers that should alert healthcare professionals to underlying suicide risks in HIV-positive patients. Early recognition of this and suicide prevention strategies should be incorporated into the treatment offered at VCT HIV clinics.</p>

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Tarr, Philip E., Bruno Ledergerber, Alexandra Calmy, Thanh Doco-Lecompte, Alex Marzel, Rainer Weber, Philipp A. Kaufmann, René Nkoulou, Ronny R. Buechel, and Helen Kovari. "Subclinical coronary artery disease in Swiss HIV-positive and HIV-negative persons." European Heart Journal 39, no. 23 (March 24, 2018): 2147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy163.

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19

Wang, Guoshen, Yi Pan, Puja Seth, Ruiguang Song, and Lisa Belcher. "Estimation of the Percentage of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Persons Linked to HIV Medical Care in CDC-Funded HIV Testing Programs." Evaluation & the Health Professions 41, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278717725372.

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Missing data create challenges for determining progress made in linking HIV-positive persons to HIV medical care. Statistical methods are not used to address missing program data on linkage. In 2014, 61 health department jurisdictions were funded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and submitted data on HIV testing, newly diagnosed HIV-positive persons, and linkage to HIV medical care. Missing or unusable data existed in our data set. A new approach using multiple imputation to address missing linkage data was proposed, and results were compared to the current approach that uses data with complete information. There were 12,472 newly diagnosed HIV-positive persons from CDC-funded HIV testing events in 2014. Using multiple imputation, 94.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): [93.7%, 94.6%]) of newly diagnosed persons were referred to HIV medical care, 88.6% (95% CI: [88.0%, 89.1%]) were linked to care within any time frame, and 83.6% (95% CI: [83.0%, 84.3%]) were linked to care within 90 days. Multiple imputation is recommended for addressing missing linkage data in future analyses when the missing percentage is high. The use of multiple imputation for missing values can result in a better understanding of how programs are performing on key HIV testing and HIV service delivery indicators.

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Toft, Lars, Martin Tolstrup, Merete Storgaard, Lars Østergaard, and Ole S. Søgaard. "Vaccination against oncogenic human papillomavirus infection in HIV-infected populations: review of current status and future perspectives." Sexual Health 11, no. 6 (2014): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh14015.

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Background Men and women with HIV infection are at increased risk of developing cancers associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). The two licensed prophylactic HPV vaccines protect against de novo infection with HPV-16 and HPV-18, which cause the majority of HPV-associated cancers. Currently, no vaccine efficacy data are available for persons with HIV infection. Nevertheless, some countries have implemented specific HPV vaccination recommendations for HIV-positive populations. To specifically recommend prophylactic HPV vaccination in people with HIV, the vaccines must be safe and immunogenic in immunosuppressed people at a high risk of HPV infection. This review aims to summarise the current knowledge from published HPV vaccine trials in HIV-infected populations, to compile scheduled and ongoing HPV vaccine trials with HIV-positive study populations and to extrapolate the relevant knowledge about HPV vaccine efficacy in HIV-negative populations to an HIV context. Methods: The databases PubMed, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for peer-reviewed articles and scheduled or ongoing clinical HPV vaccine trials enrolling HIV-positive persons. Results: Current data indicate that prophylactic HPV vaccines are safe and immunogenic in different HIV-positive populations (children, female adolescents, adults). Increased immunogenicity has been reported in persons on antiretroviral therapy compared with antiretroviral-naïve persons, whereas no clear association has been found between CD4+ cell count at immunisation and vaccine response. Several scheduled and ongoing HPV vaccine trials aim to determine vaccine efficacy against disease endpoints in HIV-infected study populations. Conclusion: Prophylactic HPV vaccination appears safe, immunogenic and, by extrapolation, likely to reduce HPV-associated cancer development among persons with HIV infection.

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Schlebusch, L., and R. D. Govender. "Elevated Risk of Suicidal Ideation in HIV-Positive Persons." Depression Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/609172.

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Globally, suicide and HIV/AIDS remain two of the greatest healthcare issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have observed a relationship between suicidal behaviour and HIV/AIDS.Materials and Methods. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of elevated risk of suicidal ideation in HIV-positive persons immediately following voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT). The study sample consisted of adult volunteers attending the VCT clinic at a university-affiliated, general state hospital. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck’s Hopeless Scale, and Beck’s Depression Inventory.Results. A significantly elevated risk of suicidal ideation was found in 83.1% of the patients who tested seropositive. Despite a wide age range in the cohort studied, the majority of patients with suicidal ideation were males in the younger age group (age < 30 years), consistent with the age-related spread of the disease and an increase in suicidal behaviour in younger people. Relevant associated variables are discussed.Conclusion. The results serve as important markers that could alert healthcare professionals to underlying suicide risks in HIV-positive patients. It is recommended that screening for elevated risk of suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal behaviour should form a routine aspect of comprehensive patient care at VCT clinics.

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Wiewel, Ellen W., Alexander B. Harris, Qiang Xia, and Demetre Daskalakis. "Potential Misclassification of HIV-Positive Persons As Transgender Men." American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 7 (July 2018): e14-e14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304440.

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23

Mallinson, R. Kevin. "GRIEF WORK OF HIV-POSITIVE PERSONS AND THEIR SURVIVORS." Nursing Clinics of North America 34, no. 1 (March 1999): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02368-4.

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Ncube, Butho, Jessica Ansong, Kewanna Daniels, Dianne Campbell-Stennett, and Pauline E. Jolly. "Sexual risk behavior among HIV-positive persons in Jamaica." African Health Sciences 17, no. 1 (May 23, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v17i1.6.

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Sereti, Irini, Roy M. Gulick, Sonya Krishnan, Stephen A. Migueles, Adrian Palfreeman, Veronique Touzeau-Römer, Waldo H. Belloso, Sean Emery, and Matthew G. Law. "ART in HIV-Positive Persons With Low Pretreatment Viremia." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 81, no. 4 (August 2019): 456–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qai.0000000000002052.

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Gómez, Walter, Annesa Flentje, Amy Schustack, Joseph Ramirez-Forcier, Brett Andrews, Samantha E. Dilworth, Elise D. Riley, Alberto Curotto, and Adam W. Carrico. "Navigating Barriers to Vocational Rehabilitation for HIV-Positive Persons." AIDS and Behavior 20, no. 5 (December 22, 2015): 1132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1261-1.

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Yakovlev, A. A., J. Kelly, A. G. Dyachkov, V. B. Musatov, Y. A. Amirkhanian, A. V. Kuznetsova, D. G. Pirogov, A. Yu Meylakhs, and V. V. Nechaev. "Alcohol consumption features and strategy to reduce its consumption among HIV-positive inpatient and outpatient patients." Pacific Medical Journal, no. 3 (September 28, 2020): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34215/1609-1175-2020-3-34-38.

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Objective: To assess the patterns of alcohol consumption by HIV-positive patients and to determine effective and ineffective strategies to reduce harm from alcohol consumption.Methods: A survey of 286 HIV-positive inpatient and outpatient patients was carried out as well as a qualitative study by focus group method of HIV-positive individuals living in St. Petersburg.Results: Almost the half of patients has demonstrated a dangerous level of alcohol consumption that affected adherence to treatment. Persons closest to HIV-positive patients have both positive and negative effect on the patterns of alcohol consumption.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption is a common behavioral practice among HIV-positive patients requiring periodic monitoring. Persons closest to a patient influence his/her behavior and can be used in planning of preventive measures in addictive pathology.

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Muro-Cacho, C. A., G. Pantaleo, and A. S. Fauci. "Analysis of apoptosis in lymph nodes of HIV-infected persons. Intensity of apoptosis correlates with the general state of activation of the lymphoid tissue and not with stage of disease or viral burden." Journal of Immunology 154, no. 10 (May 15, 1995): 5555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.154.10.5555.

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Abstract The occurrence of in vivo apoptosis was investigated in lymph node sections obtained from HIV-infected persons at different stages of disease. The degree of apoptosis in lymph nodes from HIV-infected individuals was compared with that observed in lymph nodes obtained from HIV-negative individuals. Apoptosis was readily detected in lymph nodes obtained from both HIV-negative and HIV-positive persons; however, the degree of apoptosis in lymph nodes obtained from HIV-positive persons was three to four times higher than that observed in the lymph nodes obtained from HIV-negative persons. In contrast to HIV-negative lymph nodes in which apoptosis was confined largely to germinal centers, in HIV-positive lymph nodes all functional compartments of the lymph node (i.e., cortex, paracortex, and sinuses) were extensively involved by this phenomenon. Furthermore, a significant correlation was observed between intensity of apoptosis and degree of activation of the lymphoid tissue associated with HIV infection. In contrast, intensity of apoptosis correlated neither with the clinical stage of HIV disease nor with the viral burden in the lymph node. Finally, apoptosis was not restricted only to CD4+ T cells; both B cells and CD8+ T cells were found to undergo apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the increased intensity of the apoptotic phenomenon in HIV infection is caused by the general state of immune activation, and is independent of the progression of HIV disease and of the levels of viral load.

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Huber, M., B. Ledergerber, R. Sauter, J. Young, J. Fehr, A. Cusini, M. Battegay, et al. "Outcome of smoking cessation counselling of HIV-positive persons by HIV care physicians." HIV Medicine 13, no. 7 (January 18, 2012): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00984.x.

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Galletly, Carol L., Wayne DiFranceisco, and Steven D. Pinkerton. "HIV-Positive Persons’ Awareness and Understanding of Their State’s Criminal HIV Disclosure Law." AIDS and Behavior 13, no. 6 (October 31, 2008): 1262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-008-9477-y.

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MacGowan, Robin J., Julie Lifshay, Yuko Mizuno, Wayne D. Johnson, Lyle McCormick, and Barry Zack. "Positive Transitions (POST): Evaluation of an HIV Prevention Intervention for HIV-Positive Persons Releasing from Correctional Facilities." AIDS and Behavior 19, no. 6 (September 5, 2014): 1061–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0879-8.

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32

O’Byrne, Patrick, Paul MacPherson, Marie Roy, and Lauren Orser. "Community-based, nurse-led post-exposure prophylaxis: results and implications." International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, no. 5 (July 18, 2016): 505–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462416658412.

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HIV medications can be used as post-exposure prophylaxis to efficaciously prevent an HIV-negative person who has come into contact with HIV from becoming HIV-positive. Traditionally, these medications have been available in emergency departments, which have constituted a barrier for the members of many minority groups who are greatly affected by HIV transmission (i.e. gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men, and persons who use injection drugs). From 5 September 2013 through 4 September 2015, we sought to increase the use of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis by having registered nurses provide these medications, when indicated, in community clinics in Ottawa, Canada. We undertook a chart review of patients who accessed services for HIV post-exposure prophylaxis in this period. Over the two years of data collection, 112 persons requested HIV post-exposure prophylaxis and 64% (n = 72) initiated these medications. Most (93%, or n = 67, of the 72 initiations) were among men, with 88% (n = 59) of these men reporting same sex sexual partners. Among these 58 men, 31% (n = 18) had sexual contact with other men known to be HIV-positive. Among women (n = 8), five initiated post-exposure prophylaxis: three after needle-sharing contact or sexual contact with a male partner who reportedly shared needles, and two after unprotected vaginal sex with a male partner known to be HIV-positive. Overall, no one was diagnosed with HIV at the four-month HIV testing follow-up, although six persons were diagnosed with HIV from the baseline HIV testing, and an additional four were diagnosed with HIV during routine HIV testing one year after completing post-exposure prophylaxis. In total, nine persons in our sample were thus diagnosed with HIV during the study period, which accounted for 9.4% (n = 10 of 106) of all reported HIV diagnoses in Ottawa during this time. We conclude that nurse-initiated HIV post-exposure prophylaxis can be an effective way to provide HIV prevention services to persons who are at high-risk for HIV.

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O’Byrne, Patrick, Alexandra Musten, Amanda Vandyk, Nikki Ho, Lauren Orser, Marlene Haines, and Vickie Paulin. "HIV self-testing in Ottawa, Canada used by persons at risk for HIV: The GetaKit study." Canada Communicable Disease Report 47, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14745/ccdr.v47i10a06.

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Background: The Public Health Agency of Canada estimates that about 87% of persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Canada have been diagnosed, which is well below the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS target to have 95% of HIV-positive persons diagnosed. Research has shown that HIV self-testing may help increase such diagnoses, especially among the populations who are most affected by HIV. The objective of the study was to determine the uptake and diagnosis outcomes associated with free HIV self-testing. Methods: We developed the first online mailout free HIV self-testing program in Canada and implemented it in Ottawa. This project ran through the website, www.GetaKit.ca. We intended to recruit 150–400 participants over a 6–12-month period, estimating that this number would yield between 0–1 positive test results (expected positivity rate of 0.08%). Results: Between July 20, 2020 and April 1, 2021, 1,268 people accessed the GetaKit website and verified their eligibility. In total, 600 persons were eligible and 405 ordered an HIV kit. Of those who ordered a kit, 399 completed a baseline survey. Overall, 71% of these participants were members of HIV priority groups. For test results, 228 persons reported test results, with one being positive, for a positivity rate of 0.24% overall and 0.44% of reported results. These rates exceed that normally observed in Ottawa. Conclusion: Self-testing of HIV can be effectively delivered through a website. Such an intervention will also be used by persons with undiagnosed infections and appears to do so at a rate higher than that observed by other means of testing. Self-testing of HIV may therefore help Canada achieve the United Nations 95-95-95 targets.

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Khryanin, A. A., O. V. Reshetnikov, V. K. Bocharova, M. V. Russkikh, and I. O. Marinkin. "ATTITUDE OF MEDICAL STUDENTS TO HIV INFECTED PERSONS." HIV Infection and Immunosuppressive Disorders 11, no. 3 (September 14, 2019): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22328/2077-9828-2019-11-3-92-97.

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Western Siberia is one of the main regions with a large number of HIV-infected individuals. District therapists are the main link that makes the first contact with HIV infected people. However, it is not yet clear how general practitioners agree with the communication with HIV infected people. In turn, effective communication between the doctor and the patient can be crucial in the formation of a positive attitude of the patient to treatment and significantly affect the effectiveness of future treatment activities. The study was conducted in 2017 by anonymous questionnaires. The study involved 334 medical students of the 4th year of the therapeutic and pediatric faculties of the NSMU. For the survey, an adapted questionnaire was developed, based on the UNAIDS model questionnaire. It was found that medical students do not condemn HIV infected people. They do not believe that people with a positive HIV status necessarily behave immorally and therefore deserve this disease. They are ready to help these patients, although they themselves feel the fear of infection during medical manipulations. A lack of knowledge of a number of legal issues concerning HIV infected patients has been established.

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Abdu, Zakir, and Aman Dule. "Poor Quality of Sleep Among HIV-Positive Persons in Ethiopia." HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care Volume 12 (October 2020): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/hiv.s279372.

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Mocroft, Amanda, Lene Ryom, Josip Begovac, Antonella D’Arminio Monforte, Anne Vassilenko, Jose Gatell, Eric Florence, Vidar Ormaasen, Ole Kirk, and Jens D. Lundgren. "Deteriorating renal function and clinical outcomes in HIV-positive persons." AIDS 28, no. 5 (March 2014): 727–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000000134.

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Martiniuk, Frank, Shaline D. Rao, Thomas H. Rea, Michael S. Glickman, Jerome Giovinazzo, William N. Rom, Aloys Cabrera, and William R. Levis. "Leprosy as Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in HIV-positive Persons." Emerging Infectious Diseases 13, no. 9 (September 2007): 1438–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1309.070301.

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Su, John R., Carmen Ng, Paige W. Lewis, and Maria V. Cano. "Adverse events after vaccination among HIV-positive persons, 1990–2016." PLOS ONE 13, no. 6 (June 19, 2018): e0199229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199229.

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Kasiram, Madhu, and Kim Beattie. "Service Needs of HIV-Positive Persons: A South African Perspective." Journal of Family Psychotherapy 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08975353.2015.1038969.

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Lilly, EA, JE Leigh, KM McNulty, SH Joseph, DE Mercante, and PL Fidel. "Chemokine receptor expression in HIV-positive persons with oropharyngeal candidiasis." Oral Diseases 12, no. 5 (September 2006): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01226.x.

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Stein, Michael D., and Vincent Mor. "The Use of Multiple Physicians Among Symptomatic HIV-Positive Persons." Medical Care 31, no. 10 (October 1993): 968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005650-199310000-00008.

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Drain, Paul K., Roland Kupka, Ferdinand Mugusi, and Wafaie W. Fawzi. "Micronutrients in HIV-positive persons receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 85, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 333–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/85.2.333.

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Darvay, Amrit, Katharine Acland, William Lynn, and Robin Russell-Jones. "Striae formation in two HIV-positive persons receiving protease inhibitors." Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 41, no. 3 (September 1999): 467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(99)70122-2.

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Dockrell, David H., Gregory A. Poland, Thomas E. Smith, Mary E. Jones, Peter C. Wollan, Scott R. Strickland, and Claire Pomeroy. "Seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 antibody in HIV positive asymptomatic persons." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2, no. 2 (October 1997): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712(97)90090-4.

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Tilzey, A. "Hepatitis A vaccine responses in HIV-positive persons with haemophilia." Vaccine 14, no. 11 (August 1996): 1039–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-410x(96)00056-4.

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Freytes, Dharma M., Carmen Mabel Arroyo-Novoa, Milagros I. Figueroa-Ramos, Rosa B. Ruiz-Lebr??n, Nancy A. Stotts, and Ana Busquets. "Skin Disease in HIV-Positive Persons Living in Puerto Rico." Advances in Skin & Wound Care 20, no. 3 (March 2007): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.asw.0000262711.97411.a1.

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Kowalska, Justyna D., Colette Smith, and Jens D. Lundgren. "System to classify cause of deaths in HIV-positive persons." AIDS 26, no. 14 (September 2012): 1835–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0b013e3283577427.

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Connell, Tom G., Muki S. Shey, Ronnett Seldon, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Gilles van Cutsem, Marcela Simsova, Zuzana Marcekova, et al. "Enhanced Ex Vivo Stimulation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific T Cells in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons via Antigen Delivery by the Bordetella pertussis Adenylate Cyclase Vector." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 7 (May 23, 2007): 847–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00041-07.

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ABSTRACTThe genetically detoxifiedBordetella pertussisadenylate cyclase is a promising delivery system for immunodominant tuberculosis antigens in gamma interferon release assays. This system has not been evaluated in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons in high tuberculosis prevalence areas. A whole-blood gamma interferon release assay withMycobacterium tuberculosisantigens (early-secreted antigenic target 6, culture filtrate protein 10, alpha-crystallin 2, and TB10.3) delivered by adenylate cyclase in addition to native tuberculosis antigens (without adenylate cyclase delivery) was evaluated in 119 adults in Khayelitsha Township, Cape Town, South Africa. Results were compared to tuberculin skin test results of 41 HIV-positive and 42 HIV-negative asymptomatic persons, in addition to 36 HIV-positive persons with recently diagnosed smear- or culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Delivery of tuberculosis antigens by adenylate cyclase decreased by 10-fold the amount of antigen required to restimulate T cells. Furthermore, the responses of HIV-positive persons with a low response to native tuberculosis antigens were enhanced when these antigens were delivered by adenylate cyclase. When gamma interferon responses to the tuberculosis antigens (with or without delivery by adenylate cyclase) were combined, a significantly higher number of patients were scored positive than by tuberculin skin testing. Ex vivo responses to tuberculosis antigens delivered by adenylate cyclase are maintained in the context of HIV infection. Our findings suggest that the majority of those in this population are infected with tuberculosis, which is of significant public health importance.

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Kabaghe, Alinune N., Reno Stephens, Danielle Payne, Joe Theu, Misheck Luhanga, Davie Chalira, Melissa M. Arons, et al. "HIV Recent Infection and Past HIV Testing History Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed 15–24-Year-Olds in Malawi: An Analysis of 2019–2022 HIV Recent Infection Surveillance Data." AIDS Education and Prevention 35, Supplement A (July 2023): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/aeap.2023.35.suppa.4.

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Awareness of HIV status in Malawi is 88.3% and lowest among 15–24-year-olds (76.2%). There is a need to understand HIV testing history and transmission in this age group. We analyzed pooled HIV surveillance data to describe testing history and HIV recent infection among 8,389 HIV-positive 15–24-year-olds from 251 sites in Malawi between 2019 and 2022. Most HIV-positive 15–24-year-olds were female; aged 23–24 years; rural residents; and diagnosed at voluntary counseling and testing. No prior HIV testing was reported in 43.5% and 32.9% of 15–19-year-olds and males, respectively. Overall, 4.9% of HIV-positive diagnoses were classified as recent HIV infections, with the highest proportions among breastfeeding women (8.2%); persons tested at sexually transmitted infection clinics (9.0%); persons with a prior negative test within 6 months (13.0%); and 17–18-year-olds (7.3%). Tailored and innovative HIV prevention and testing strategies for young adolescents, young males, and pregnant and breastfeeding women are needed for HIV epidemic control.

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Stout, Jason E., Yanjue Wu, Christine S. Ho, April C. Pettit, Pei-Jean Feng, Dolly J. Katz, Smita Ghosh, Thara Venkatappa, and Ruiyan Luo. "Evaluating latent tuberculosis infection diagnostics using latent class analysis." Thorax 73, no. 11 (July 7, 2018): 1062–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2018-211715.

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BackgroundLack of a gold standard for latent TB infection has precluded direct measurement of test characteristics of the tuberculin skin test and interferon-γ release assays (QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube and T-SPOT.TB).ObjectiveWe estimated test sensitivity/specificity and latent TB infection prevalence in a prospective, US-based cohort of 10 740 participants at high risk for latent infection.MethodsBayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate test sensitivity/specificity and latent TB infection prevalence among subgroups based on age, foreign birth outside the USA and HIV infection.ResultsLatent TB infection prevalence varied from 4.0% among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged <5 years to 34.0% among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years. Test sensitivity ranged from 45.8% for the T-SPOT.TB among foreign-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years to 80.7% for the tuberculin skin test among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years. The skin test was less specific than either interferon-γ release assay, particularly among foreign-born populations (eg, the skin test had 70.0% specificity among foreign-born, HIV-seronegative persons aged ≥5 years vs 98.5% and 99.3% specificity for the QuantiFERON and T-SPOT.TB, respectively). The tuberculin skin test’s positive predictive value ranged from 10.0% among foreign-born children aged <5 years to 69.2% among foreign-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years; the positive predictive values of the QuantiFERON (41.4%) and T-SPOT.TB (77.5%) were also low among US-born, HIV-seropositive persons aged ≥5 years.ConclusionsThese data reinforce guidelines preferring interferon-γ release assays for foreign-born populations and recommending against screening populations at low risk for latent TB infection.Trial registration numberNCT01622140.

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