Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'HIV-positive persons'
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Bartholow, Bradford Noyes. "A comparison of consumer-controlled and traditional HIV counseling and testing implications for screening and outreach among injection drug users /." unrestricted, 2004. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06022005-142542/.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.Title from title screen. Roger Bakeman, committee chair; James Emshoff, John Peterson, Gabriel Kuperminc, committee members. Electronic text (100 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 24, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-100).
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Roux, Adriana Aletta. "Evaluering van 'n groepwerkhulpverleningsprogram met MIV-positief/VIGS-pasiënte / Adriana Aletta Roux." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2968.
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As a result of the HIV/AIDS problem, South Africa is presently confronted by the worst pandemic in the history of this country. An estimated 4,2 million people in South Africa are already infected with the HI virus. The Faculty of Health Sciences at the PL) for CHE (Focus area 9.1) for this reason undertook to investigate the immune systems of HIV/AIDS patients in the Potchefstroom health district. The aim of this effort was multiple, namely:
* to improve by means of oral supplements the immune systems of HIV/AIDS patients in the named health district;
* to slow down by means of the above mentioned action the deterioration of patients from HIV to AIDS, and
* to improve the sense of well-being and quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients by means of a group work intervention programme.
To reach this aim, the following goals had to be attained:
* To determine by means of a literature study the nature and extent of HIV/AIDS world-wide. This aim was reached by analysing theoretical perspectives gained from the relevant literature as well as empirical results regarding the nature and extent of HIV/AIDS, especially in South Africa.
* To determine by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation the needs of persons diagnosed as being HIV positive or having AIDS. In order to reach this goal, the procedure of survey was used. Schedules were personally completed by the investigator, assisted by field-workers, regarding 110 HIV/AIDS patients. In this manner the needs of the patients could be determined. From the results obtained by this survey, it was evident that HIV/AIDS patients experience various problems and definitely had a need for help.
* To investigate by means of a literature study the task of Social Work, and specifically group work, regarding assistance to HIV/AIDS patients.
This investigation emphasised that Social Work definitely has a task and responsibility regarding the prevention of HIV/AIDS as well as supplying direct assistance for HIV/AIDS patients. If group work intervention is thoroughly planned, it can render a valuable contribution to the improvement of the sense of well-being and quality of life of these patients.
* The aim of the last-mentioned goal was to compile an appropriate programme based on the specific needs of patients and to evaluate it after implementation. This programme was successfully presented in the course of 13 weeks and was in particular suited, not only to improve the knowledge of the HIV/AIDS group members concerning their condition, but also to broaden their insight with regard to the impact of their illness on their social functioning. By means of this programme the group members could develop skills concerning the handling of their condition.
* To evaluate the effect of the group work intervention programme on the sense of well-being and quality of life of the patients who have been diagnosed as HIV positive or having AIDS. This goal was attained by measuring on four occasions the sense of well-being and quality of life by means of the measuring scale known as Affectometer 2 (AFM) by Kammann and Flett (1983). The results obtained by this evaluation showed that the group work intervention programme brought about a significant difference in the sense of well-being and quality of life of these HIV/AIDS patients. The sense of well-being of HIV/AIDS patients who participated in the group work intervention programme was significantly higher than that of patients who did not form part of the group work intervention programme.
All in all this research undeniably proved that a scientifically grounded, well-planned group work intervention programme can be successfully implemented to improve the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients.Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002.
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Barnard, Jakoba Petronella. "MIV-positiewe huiswerksters se konstruering van hul ervarings van MIV & VIGS binne die werkgewersgesin." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03112005-080007.
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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies evidence of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and the consumer perspective /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131203/unrestricted/hutchinson%5Fangela%5Fb%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.
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Ketchen, Bethany R. "HIV infection, negative life events, and intimate relationship power the moderating role of community resources for Black South African women /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172007-225155/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from file title page. Lisa Armistead, committee chair; Gregory Jurkovic, Sarah Cook, Marci Culley, committee members. Electronic text (67 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 9, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-67).
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Setwaba, M. B. "Stress and dysfunction in families caring for members physically deteriorating due to HIV/Aids in Limpopo Province : resilience as a moderating factor." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1207.
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Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015The study aims at assessing the stress and dysfunction among families affected by the sudden reality of experiencing physically deteriorating family members due to HIV/AIDS progression, and to identify resilience factors that moderate the impact. Three-hundred and sixteen families were conveniently selected to participate in this study. The experimental group of the HIV/AIDS affected families (n=122), with two control groups of families caring for family members ailing because of a non- HIV/AIDS physical ailment (n=132) and the families not involved in the caring of any family member (n=62). Family resilience and stress questionnaires were used to collect the data. Family resilience questionnaires included Family Hardiness Index (FHI), Social Support Index (SSI), Relative and Friend Support (RFS), F-COPES, Family Time and Routine Index (FTRI), Family Problem Solving Communication (FPSC) Family Attachment and Changeability Index 8 (FACI 8). The family caregiver stress was measured by the Relative Stress Scale. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the moderating effect of the family qualities on the stress levels, and specific qualities unique in the families that bounce back. Stress was found to be high in the HIV/AIDS affected families when compared with the control families. Furthermore, the demographic information indicated that more stress was experienced in the HIV/AIDS affected families with a younger sick member and in poor economic conditions as well as when the sick person was a breadwinner. This indicated that stress elevation in the HIV/AIDS affected families was a function of economic conditions in the families and that caregivers may have experienced stress due to lack of proper resources and the stress of having sympathy for a young sick person who was expected to have a long life ahead of him or her. Social support (SSI), relative and friend support (RFS), and spending time together and engaging in similar routine collectively (FTRI) were found to moderate stress in HIV/AIDS affected families. Further research is needed to highlight the dynamics and the relationship with stress elevation around the new trend of HIV/AIDS infection of the younger age group as well as the economic burden or the impact of lack of resources in caring for the infected. More in-depth research must also be done with an emphasis on the dynamics between stigmatisation, stress moderation and resilience of families using more diverse families engaging in various caregiving situations of sick family members within various ecological and socio economic conditions.
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Leonard, Erin. "Attachment, depression, and medication in adolescents with HIV infection." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2007. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/Leonard_2007.pdf.
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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2007.A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Seng, Vuthy Santhat Sermsri. "Influences of stigmatization and discrimination on care for people living with hiv/aids (plwha) : a study of home based care services in Phnom Penh, Cambodia /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd400/4838029.pdf.
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Leung, Kwok-keung. "Psychosocial predictors of the immune functioning of symptomatic HIV+ patients in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29697426.
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Breet, Elsie-Marie. "The relationship between intimate partner violence, HIV-related stigma, social support, and mental health among people living with HIV." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71951.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global estimates show that sub-Saharan Africa has the largest portion of HIV cases with South Africa having more people living with HIV than any other country in the world. Moreover, studies have shown a high incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among people living with HIV. IPV has been shown to be associated with mental health problems. Considerable empirical studies have demonstrated that HIV is a highly stigmatized disease. In addition, HIV-related stigma has also been shown to be a risk factor for mental health problems among persons living with HIV. However, no empirical studies have examined the combined effect of IPV and HIV-related stigma on mental health. This thesis builds on the existing body of research by examining to what extent the linear combination of IPV (timing and frequency) and HIV related stigma explained variation in symptoms of common mental health disorders in both men and women living with HIV. In addition, theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that social support may serve as a protective factor in the relationship between IPV, HIV-related stigma, and mental health. Yet, despite the increasing attention, no known studies have focused on the mediating or moderating role of social support in the relationship between IPV or HIV-related stigma, and mental health. This thesis examined the extent to which social support played a mediating or moderating role in these relationships. The study used a cross-sectional research design to study a convenience sample of 210 people living with HIV in three peri-urban areas in the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires that assessed IPV (timing and frequency), HIV-related stigma, social support, and symptoms of common mental health. The results from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the linear combination of psychological aggression frequency and HIV related stigma explained a significant portion of the variance in symptoms of depression. Likewise, both physical assault timing and psychological aggression timing combined with HIV-related stigma explained a significant portion of variance in symptoms of depression. Psychological aggression timing combined with HIV-related stigma significantly explained variance in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results from the product-term regression analyses indicated that social support played a mediating role in the relationship between HIV-related stigma and symptoms of PTSD, but not depression. Social support did not moderate the relationship between HIV-related stigma and symptoms of common mental health disorders. In conclusion, the combination of IPV (physical assault and psychological aggression) and HIV-related stigma explained a significant portion of the variance in symptoms of common mental health disorders. Future research is needed for a better understanding of these relationships. A longitudinal experimental design is recommended in order to explore the direction of these relationships and to examine the context in which the IPV, HIV-related stigma, and social support is experienced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wêreldwye beramings toon dat sub-Sahara Afrika die grootste gedeelte van HIV gevalle te wêreld het, terwyl Suid-Afrika meer mense het wat met MIV leef as enige ander land in die wêreld. Verder het studies getoon dat daar 'n hoë voorkoms van intiemepaargeweld (IPV) is onder mense wat met MIV leef. Daar is al getoon dat IPV verband hou met geestelike probleme. Aansienlike empiriese studies het getoon dat MIV 'n hoogs gestigmatiseer siekte is. Daarbenewens, is daar getoon dat MIV-verwante stigma 'n risiko faktor is vir geestelike probleme onder persone wat leef met MIV. Daar is egter geen empiriese studies wat die gekombineerde effek van IPV en MIV-verwante stigma op geestesgesondheid ondersoek nie. Hierdie tesis bou voort op die bestaande navorsing deur te ondersoek tot watter mate die lineêre kombinasie van IPV (tydsberekening en frekwensie) en MIV-verwante stigma variasie in die simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid afwykings verduidelik in beide mans en vroue wat met MIV leef. Daarbenewens, het teoretiese en empiriese studies voorgestel dat sosiale ondersteuning kan dien as 'n beskermende faktor in die verhouding tussen IPV, MIV-verwante stigma, en geestesgesondheid. Tog, ten spyte van die toenemende aandag, het daar al geen studies gefokus op die bemiddelende of modererende rol van sosiale ondersteuning in die verhouding tussen IPV of MIV-verwante stigma, en geestesgesondheid. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die mate waarin sosiale ondersteuning 'n bemiddelende of modererende rol speel in hierdie verhoudings. Die studie het 'n deursnee-navorsing ontwerp gebruik om 'n gerieflikheidsteekproef van 210 mense wat met MIV leef in drie peri-stedelike gebiede in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika te bestudeer. Deelnemers het 'n battery van self-verslag vraelyste voltooi wat IPV (tydsberekening en frekwensie), MIV-verwante stigma, sosiale ondersteuning, en simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid geassesseer het. Die resultate van die hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-analise het getoon dat die lineêre kombinasie van sielkundige aggressie frekwensie en MIV-verwante stigma 'n beduidende deel van die variansie in simptome van depressie verduidelik. Net so, het beide fisiese aanranding tydsberekening en sielkundige aggressie tydsberekening gekombineer met MIV-verwante stigma 'n beduidende deel van die variansie in simptome van depressie verduidelik. Sielkundige aggressie tydsberekening gekombineer met MIV-verwante stigma het „n beduidende variansie in simptome van post-traumatiese stresversteuring (PTSV) verduidelik. Die resultate van die produk-term regressie-analises het aangedui dat sosiale ondersteuning 'n bemiddelende rol speel in die verhouding tussen MIV-verwante stigma en simptome van PTSV, maar nie depressie nie. Sosiale ondersteuning het nie die verhouding tussen MIV-verwante stigma en simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid versteurings modereer nie. Ten slotte, die kombinasie van IPV (fisiese aanranding en sielkundige aggressie) en MIV-verwante stigma het 'n beduidende deel van die variansie in simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid versteurings verduidelik. Toekomstige navorsing is nodig vir 'n beter begrip van hierdie verhoudings. 'n Longitudinale eksperimentele ontwerp word aanbeveel om die rigting van hierdie verhoudings te verken en die konteks waarin die IPV, MIV-verwante stigma en sosiale ondersteuning ervaar is te ondersoek.
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Cherner, Mariana. "Ethnicity and the experience of stress, coping, social support, and depressive symptoms in persons infected with HIV /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804025.
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Dionne, Gordon R. "Helpful and hindering events in therapy with HIV-positive gay men." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23716.
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A group of five HIV-positive gay men were compared with a group of five HIV-negative gay men. All participants were currently engaged in therapy. Participants completed the Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ) and the Session Impacts Scale (SIS) in order to determine what these different groups of individuals felt was helpful or hindering in therapy. Results indicated that both groups of participants found therapy to be powerful, valuable, and helpful in that they: (a) learned something new about themselves or others, (b) changed their ways of thinking, (c) acquired insight into issues, (d) were more clear about their feelings, (e) were able to define their problems, and (f) were feeling understood, supported, and close to their counsellor. In comparison to the HIV-negative group, the HIV-positive group experienced many hindering aspects to counselling. Seropositive participants felt: (a) less understood, supported, and close to their counsellor, (b) more confused, or distracted in counselling, (c) more bothered by unpleasant thoughts in counselling, (d) more impatient or doubting of the value of therapy, and (e) felt more angry, more afraid, and less confident during and as a result of therapy. Implications for counselling are discussed.
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Chow, Maria Yui Kwan. "Client needs and satisfaction in an HIV facility." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4022.
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Health care evaluation serves the purpose of monitoring the quality of health care provided by Health Care Providers (HCP), so that health care services can be provided most effectively and efficiently. Patient satisfaction studies are widely used to assess the quality of outpatient care. A client satisfaction study was conducted at an HIV health care facility in Sydney, Australia during 2007-2008. There were three objectives: 1.) To validate a questionnaire for future determination of client satisfaction in HIV health care facilities. 2.) To identify the levels of satisfaction of clients, and investigate any dissatisfaction and unmet needs towards HIV health care. 3.) To provide recommendations for improving client satisfaction levels in HIV health care. This research used a mixed method approach and consisted of two phases. The first phase was a quantitative survey conducted with 166 clients (both HIV positive and negative) at Albion Street Centre (ASC) using a newly-devised questionnaire. Clients were asked to answer demographic questions, rate their levels of satisfaction with each aspect and each HCP category, and provide suggestions for improvement. Quantitative statistical analysis was conducted to obtain a general view of client satisfaction levels. Dissatisfaction and unmet needs of clients were then investigated in-depth in the second phase of the research through qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Twenty-two clients (both HIV positive and negative) at ASC were interviewed individually and asked about their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences towards their HCP and the HIV health care services received. Thematic analysis was used to categorise and interpret the qualitative data. More than 90% of the clients were satisfied with most of the aspects covered in the survey, with a mean overall satisfaction score of 84 out of 100. Clients were most iii satisfied with the “technical quality” and “interpersonal manner” of the HCP, and were least satisfied with “waiting time” and “availability of HCP”. The HCP category with which the clients has the highest level of satisfaction was “nurses” (86%), followed by “psychologists” (84%), then “doctors” (83%). Clients who were HIV negative, had a full time job, visited ASC less frequently, or did not possess any type of Health Care Card were more satisfied with the services overall. No common dissatisfaction or unmet needs towards HIV health care service were identified. “Technical quality of HCP” and “the relationship with HCP” were the two most important determinants of client satisfaction, which outweighed the inconvenience contributed by the poor availability of HCP and the location of ASC. The maintenance of “confidentiality/privacy” was shown to be fundamental in HIV health care facilities. The multi-disciplinary nature of ASC increased the degree of convenience and satisfaction level among clients. Suggestions for improvement in client satisfaction levels include increasing the attractiveness of the physical environment and the variety of educational reading materials in the waiting area; introducing beverages, and encouraging clients to be involved in their treatment decisions. Health care administrative staff in particular are reminded not to neglect the importance of the availability of HCP, accessibility, and physical environment when establishing a new HIV health care facility. The mixed method approach (quantitative survey and qualitative interviews) proved beneficial. It increased the validity of the findings by assessing client satisfaction levels using more than one method. This enabled clarification of ambiguities noted in the initial survey through probes used in the interviews, and also allowed investigation of the determinants of client satisfaction through understanding their experiences in HIV health care. Future client satisfaction studies would benefit from using this approach.
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Chow, Maria Yui Kwan. "Client needs and satisfaction in an HIV facility." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4022.
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Master of Philosophy (Medicine)Health care evaluation serves the purpose of monitoring the quality of health care provided by Health Care Providers (HCP), so that health care services can be provided most effectively and efficiently. Patient satisfaction studies are widely used to assess the quality of outpatient care. A client satisfaction study was conducted at an HIV health care facility in Sydney, Australia during 2007-2008. There were three objectives: 1.) To validate a questionnaire for future determination of client satisfaction in HIV health care facilities. 2.) To identify the levels of satisfaction of clients, and investigate any dissatisfaction and unmet needs towards HIV health care. 3.) To provide recommendations for improving client satisfaction levels in HIV health care. This research used a mixed method approach and consisted of two phases. The first phase was a quantitative survey conducted with 166 clients (both HIV positive and negative) at Albion Street Centre (ASC) using a newly-devised questionnaire. Clients were asked to answer demographic questions, rate their levels of satisfaction with each aspect and each HCP category, and provide suggestions for improvement. Quantitative statistical analysis was conducted to obtain a general view of client satisfaction levels. Dissatisfaction and unmet needs of clients were then investigated in-depth in the second phase of the research through qualitative face-to-face semi-structured interviews. Twenty-two clients (both HIV positive and negative) at ASC were interviewed individually and asked about their attitudes, perceptions, and experiences towards their HCP and the HIV health care services received. Thematic analysis was used to categorise and interpret the qualitative data. More than 90% of the clients were satisfied with most of the aspects covered in the survey, with a mean overall satisfaction score of 84 out of 100. Clients were most iii satisfied with the “technical quality” and “interpersonal manner” of the HCP, and were least satisfied with “waiting time” and “availability of HCP”. The HCP category with which the clients has the highest level of satisfaction was “nurses” (86%), followed by “psychologists” (84%), then “doctors” (83%). Clients who were HIV negative, had a full time job, visited ASC less frequently, or did not possess any type of Health Care Card were more satisfied with the services overall. No common dissatisfaction or unmet needs towards HIV health care service were identified. “Technical quality of HCP” and “the relationship with HCP” were the two most important determinants of client satisfaction, which outweighed the inconvenience contributed by the poor availability of HCP and the location of ASC. The maintenance of “confidentiality/privacy” was shown to be fundamental in HIV health care facilities. The multi-disciplinary nature of ASC increased the degree of convenience and satisfaction level among clients. Suggestions for improvement in client satisfaction levels include increasing the attractiveness of the physical environment and the variety of educational reading materials in the waiting area; introducing beverages, and encouraging clients to be involved in their treatment decisions. Health care administrative staff in particular are reminded not to neglect the importance of the availability of HCP, accessibility, and physical environment when establishing a new HIV health care facility. The mixed method approach (quantitative survey and qualitative interviews) proved beneficial. It increased the validity of the findings by assessing client satisfaction levels using more than one method. This enabled clarification of ambiguities noted in the initial survey through probes used in the interviews, and also allowed investigation of the determinants of client satisfaction through understanding their experiences in HIV health care. Future client satisfaction studies would benefit from using this approach.
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Carey, Catherine Louise. "Prospective memory in HIV-1 infection /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3170274.
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Watson, Victoria J. "Stigma as a social barrier to the understanding of HIV." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3227.
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Thesis (M.A,)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 69. Thesis director: Gregory Guagnano. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Sociology. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 28, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-68). Also issued in print.
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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.
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Gazabon, Shirley Amanda. "Development of culturally tailored measures for Hispanics at-risk for HIV /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3112116.
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Morales, Dinora Janeth. "Positive coping methods among people living with HIV/AIDS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3383.
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Keenan, Lynn D. "Identifying risk factors for homelessness among people living with HIV disease /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11169.
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Liu, Chi-hang. "HIV/Aids-related stigma and discrimination : the case of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22330926.
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Popov, Diana Dimitra. "HIV Positive Foster Children in Medical Research: Ethics of Disclosure and Assent." Thesis, Connect to resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1672.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008.Title from screen (viewed on June 2, 2009). Department of Philosophy, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Richard B. Gunderman. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).
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Teng, James Wei Jie. "An interpretative phenomenological analysis of the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in the voluntary counselling and testing settings." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002579.
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The purpose of this study was to present and understand the experiences of HIV-positive lay counsellors working in Voluntary Counselling and Testing (VCT) settings. Specifically exploring and understanding the utilisation of personal experiences within counselling encounters, the practice of peer counselling within VCT, and the challenges experienced by HIV-positive lay counsellors within VCT settings. This study, employing a qualitative interpretative phenomenological methodology required a small sample of practicing HIV-positive lay counsellors, who were selected and interviewed on their experiences utilising semi-structured interviewing. Data was analysed for meaning units, which were interpreted inductively and hermeneutically, and categorised into super-ordinate themes. Three superordinate themes within the participants’ experiences of providing VCT services were determined, namely: ‘diagnosis and disclosure experiences’, ‘peer counselling’, and ‘challenges’. This research found that the experiences of providing peer counselling depended upon identification with their client’s negative appraisal of their diagnosis experiences. Whether through empathic connections generated through the shared experience of discovering a seropositive status, or through countertransferential reactions induced through their client’s yearning for care and support. This required the counsellor to selfdisclose within counselling encounters in order to provide personal experiences of living with HIV/AIDS. Successful implementation of peer counselling provided recently diagnosed individuals with knowledge surrounding HIV/AIDS, coping skills to manage the daily physiological and psychological challenges, facilitation and adherence to treatment, social assistance, ongoing relationships, inspiring hope, and the creation of positive appraisals. However the informal utilisation of task-shifting within lay healthcare cadres, and the lack of governmental recognition for the emotional labour provided within VCT indicated that HIVpositive lay counsellors require ongoing training, support and remuneration to limit potential occupational stress, resignation, and burnout.
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Hoffman, Emily Willmore. "Evaluation of food safety education materials for persons with HIV/AIDS." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2004/e%5Fhoffman%5F050304.pdf.
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Ko, Shuk-chun. "Exploration of Hong Kong nurses' perceptions and experiences towards HIV/AIDS caring /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38295866.
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Upreti, Dilip. "Diet and nutritional assessment of people living with HIV/AIDS in Nepal (Kathmandu Valley and Terai Highway)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=210142.
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Background Nutrition and food security are important for maintaining a strong immune system and good general heath of People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The main aim of this study was to survey the nutritional status, habitual diet, dietary knowledge and demographic characteristics of PLHA in Nepal. A second aim of this study was to explore the voices of PLHA and policy level people on the current and possible future nutrition intervention programmes for PLHA in Nepal. Methods Using mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) research techniques, 601 (M: 314 and F: 287) HIV positive people from the Kathmandu valley and Terai highway regions of Nepal were recruited and completed the study. All participants completed an interviewer administered questionnaire. This questionnaire includes an assessment of habitual food intake using a newly developed and validated 45-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The validity of the FFQ was previously assessed against the 24-h multiple pass dietary recall in a sub-sample of the study population. Socio-economic and demographic information, dietary/nutritional knowledge, height, weight, waist circumferences and skinfold thickness were also collected. Finally, reported food intake was converted into energy and selected nutrient intakes (fat, protein, carbohydrate, iron, vitamin A and vitamin C) by linking with a newly compiled nutrient database of 116 food items for Nepal. Nutritional knowledge and perceptions of the current Nepalese nutritional supplementation and possible alternative interventions were explored using qualitative techniques. Four focus group discussions (FDG) and 11 in-depth interviews were carried out with PLHA and key local stakeholders respectively. Results The newly designed semi-quantitative FFQ can retrospectively assess the group mean intake for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, iron, carotene and vitamin C as there was no significant difference for reported intakes (all p > 0.2), but mean fat intake was significantly lower when determined by the FFQ than the 24-h recall (p < 0.001). The average age of participants was 33.8±6.4 years (mean ±SD) and 29% were classified as underweight (BMI < 18.5kg/m2). The study population typically ate a plant-based diet and intake of animal products was low, the energy intake of men and women was 1960±195 and 1880±261 kcal/d mean (±SD) respectively. Fat, protein and carbohydrate contributed 12%, 10% and 79% to total energy intake respectively. Iron and vitamin A intakes also tended to be lower than recommended, whereas vitamin C intake was satisfactory. Most participants (82%) believed that PLHA need a special diet but less than half of those reported changing their diet after diagnosis. A major reason for this was restricted income: 46% of participants reported being unable to afford sufficient food for the whole year, and 57% of those reported borrowing food for more than four months a year. Participants from FGD and in-depth interviews were not satisfied with the daily food and nutrient intake by HIV positive people. The Nepalese government currently provides a nutritional supplement for PLHA mainly for those who are on anti-retroviral treatment (ART). However, this was not satisfactory with the majority of volunteers reporting suffering negative health effects, including diarrhoea and vomiting, after consuming the supplement. Similarly, poor quality packaging, storage, delivery and lack of nutritional expertise and education were frequently reported problems for the proper implementation of the existing supplement. The participants suggested a nutrition intervention, based on a locally produced supplement, combined with dietary education and were highly motivated to support the development, implementation and evaluation of a new intervention. Conclusion Food and nutrient intakes by PLHA in Nepal were not adequate and did not meet dietary recommendations. Overall, the quality of the current nutritional supplement is poor and not suitable for ensuring maintenance of PLHA health. A nutrition intervention trial based on locally produced fortified mixed grain flour was favoured by PLHA and key stake holders. However, further research is needed to improve the nutritional status of PLHA in Nepal. Therefore, the evidence identified by this study could be used to inform the design of a new intervention. However, further research is recommended to clarify the issues.
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Rowe, Christina J. (Christina Jo). "Preparedness to Counsel HIV-Positive Clients: a Survey of Practitioners." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278290/.
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This purpose of this study was to investigate and examine the attitudes of therapists who treat HIV-positive (HIV+) clients. Specifically, therapists' perceptions of their own preparedness in dealing with specific issues and emotions of HIV+ clients were examined. Also, therapists' evaluation of their own efficacy of specific therapeutic approaches with HIV+ clients was examined. These therapists' perceptions and evaluations of all their clients in general were compared to their HIV+ clients. Comparisons were also made within the two groups.
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Mohaleni, Mamabolo Promise. "Pre-and post-HIV diagnosis help-seeking behaviour by patients receiving antiretroviral treatment at Witbank Hospital in Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1049.
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Thesis (M.A. (Clinical Psychology)) --University of Limpopo, 2013Studies have indicated that help-seeking behaviour of people living with HIV is not predictable and linear and may entail the utilization of western medicine, traditional medicine and/or complementary medicine. The aim of this study was to explore pre- and post- HIV diagnosis help-seeking behaviour by patients receiving antiretroviral treatment at Witbank Hospital in Mpumalanga Province (South Africa).A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized in the study. Ten participants (male = 5; female = 5, and aged between 30 and 50 years)diagnosed with HIV and who came to the hospital to collect their treatment and for medical review were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Interpretive analysis method was used to analyse the data. The results suggest the preference for western medicine pre-and post-HIV diagnosis. The results further suggest that help-seeking behaviour is a dynamic process embedded mainly in the conceptualization of the health problem, perception of its severity, the treatment given, and social support experienced.
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Elkins, Tamara L. (Tamara Lynn). "Psychosocial and Spiritual Factors Affecting Persons Living with HIV and AIDS." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc277960/.
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The purposes of this study were (a) to examine whether social support decreases as the person with HIV disease progresses from asymptomatic HIV to symptomatic AIDS and (b) to examine the extent to which general well-being might be mediated through a religious and/or spiritual support system.
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Keleekai, Nowai L. "Associations between engagement in the patient-provider relationship and quality of life and adherence among persons living with HIV/AIDS." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/178.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains 27 p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 21-24). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Williams, Margaret. "A chronic care coordination model for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020346.
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The human immunodeficiency virus / acquired immune deficiency syndrome pandemic (HIV/AIDS) continues to increase in prevalence worldwide, particularly in South Africa. There is a concurrent and distinct increase in the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and HIV-related diseases in the paediatric population in South Africa, particularly those using public sector health services, with a corresponding increase in morbidity and mortality rates (Abdool Karim & Abdool Karim, 2010:363), which impacts greatly on paediatric healthcare services. Adding to this, the provision of paediatric antiretroviral care has numerous stumbling blocks, not least of which is lack of decentralisation of facilities to provide treatment. There is the additional shortage of staff, which includes staff that are comfortable dealing with children, lack of training programmes on the provision of antiretroviral therapy to children, and minimal on-site mentorship of staff regarding HIV/AIDS disease in children. This lack of capacity in the healthcare system means that not all of those who require treatment will be able to access it, and this is particularly pertinent to paediatric patients (Meyers et al., 2007:198). Therefore the purpose of this research was to develop a nursing model that would assist healthcare professionals, in particular professional nurses, to optimise the comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children who require antiretroviral therapy at PHC clinics. To achieve the purpose of this study, a theory-generating design based on a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual approach was implemented by the researcher to gain an understanding of how the healthcare professionals and parents/caregivers of HIV-positive children experienced the comprehensive treatment, care and support provided at primary healthcare clinics. The information obtained was used to develop a chronic care coordination model for the optimisation of comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy. The study design comprised the following four steps: Step One of the research design focused on the identification, classification and definition of the major concepts of the study. This involved describing and selecting the research population and the sampling process prior to conducting the field work which comprised in-depth interviews with two groups of participants, namely healthcare professionals and parents/caregivers who accompany their HIV-positive children to PHC clinics in order to receive antiretroviral therapy. Step Two of the research design focused on the development of relationship statements in order to bring clarity and direction to the understanding of the phenomenon of interest. Step Three of the design concentrated on the development and description of the chronic care coordination model for optimising comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children who require antiretroviral therapy in order to ensure a well-managed child on ART. A visual representation of the structure of the model for chronic care coordination was given and described as well as a detailed description of the process of the model. Step Four was the last step of the research design and its focus was the development of guidelines for the operationalisation of the model for chronic care coordination for the optimisation of comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy at PHC clinics. Guidelines and operational implications for each of the five sequential steps of the model were developed. The evaluation criteria of Chinn & Kramer (2008:237‒248) were used to evaluate the model. It is therefore concluded that the researcher succeeded in achieving the purpose for this study because a chronic care coordination model that is understandable, clear, simple, applicable and significant to nursing practice has been developed for use by healthcare professionals, particularly professional nurses, in order to optimise the comprehensive treatment, care and support for HIV-positive children requiring antiretroviral therapy at primary healthcare clinics.
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Harry, Karuna. "The changing knowledge and expectations of public health nurses in a HIV/AIDS training programme for managers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002495.
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This research project examined the changing expectations and knowledge of Managers in the Department of Health who attended the Sexual Health Counselling Project offered by Rhodes University, East London, South Africa. These managers came from contexts in which the hierarchical medical model is firmly entrenched. The Sexual Health Counselling Project, drawing on theoretical principles from Narrative and other theories,presented a challenge to the standard management practices used by the managers. It also challenged how they dealt with clients. This research explored changes in expectations and knowledge prior to and during a two- week training course that the managers attended. A personal awareness and shift in knowledge occurred for many managers who examined their current practices. Some managers, who were firmly entrenched in the hierarchical model,found it difficult to change their ways of working.
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Wise, Daniel Lynn Goggin Kathy J. "Criminal penalties for non-disclosure of HIV-positive status effects on HIV testing rates and incidence /." Diss., UMK access, 2008.
Find full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Psychology. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2008."A dissertation in clinical psychology." Advisor: Kathleen J. Goggin. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Sept. 12, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-136). Online version of the print edition.
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Nicolaou, Despina Colette Barakat Lamia. "Secondary prevention for HIV-positive adolescents : psychosocial functioning, health promoting factors, and disease control /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/1786.
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Gao, Xin. "The relationship of disease severity, health beliefs, and medication adherence among HIV patients." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=458.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 110, 3 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94).
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Martin, Lindi Imelda. "HIV-related-post-traumatic stress disorder : psychological distress among a sample of individuals recently diagnosed with HIV." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/872.
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Ndlovu, Richard Vusi. "Physicians' transmission prevention assessment and counselling practices with their HIV-positive patients." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2038.
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Mnyanda, Yoliswa Ntuku. "Managing HIV and AIDS stigma in the workplace : case study of the Eastern Cape Department of Social Development /." Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/99.
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Küntzel, Gustaf, and Elin Wadell. "Hiv-positiva personers erfarenheter och åsikter kring sjukvårdspersonalens bemötande." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25749.
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Chambers, Anthony James St Vincent's Hospital UNSW. "The surgical management of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. St. Vincent's Hospital, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19367.
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Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a major cause of morbidity and death globally, and the number of individuals infected with this virus is increasing in many nations. Advanced HIV infection causes immunocompromise that predisposes to opportunistic infections and malignancies that characterise the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although the management of many of these AIDS-associated infections and malignancies is by medical means, surgeons play an important role the diagnosis and management of many of these conditions. Furthermore, patients with HIV infection may present with surgical disorders or traumatic injuries that are not related to HIV or AIDS. Health care workers managing patients with HIV infection and AIDS, particularly those involved in performing invasive procedures, are at risk of exposure to this virus in infected blood and body fluids. St. Vincent's hospital, Sydney, is a teaching hospital and major treatment centre for patients with HIV infection and AIDS located in the inner-eastern suburbs of Sydney. Patients with HIV infection who underwent surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed in order to describe the nature of the operative procedures required in the management of these patients. There were 636 patients with documented infection with HIV who underwent 889 surgical procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1990 to 1999. The number of procedures performed for patients with known HIV infection was increasing during this period. Patients with HIV infection accounted for 1.1% of all surgical procedures performed at this institution during this period. The proportion of total operative cases that patients with known HIV infection represented was seen to be increasing during this period. Surgical procedures were performed during only a small proportion of admissions of patients with HIV infection to St. Vincent's hospital for this period (2.4% of these admissions). The patients were predominantly males in younger age groups. Anorectal procedures for the local treatment of benign conditions were the most common procedures performed for these patients, followed by procedures for the insertion or removal of long-term vascular access devices and other minor general surgical procedures. A large proportion of procedures were performed as day surgery cases (30%). Only a small proportion of cases were for the management of traumatic conditions (3%). A large proportion of patients with HIV infection (26%) underwent more than one procedure during this period, with anorectal disorders a common cause of repeat surgical admission. The operative findings after 498 surgical procedures performed for 360 patients with documented HIV infection during the period 1995 to 1999 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of cases in which AIDS-defining conditions were encountered were recorded, and varied according to the types of procedures performed. Overall, seventy AIDS-defining conditions were found at operation during sixty-five procedures (13% of all procedures for patients with HIV infection). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was the most frequently encountered AIDS-defining disorder found at operation, accounting for 41% of such conditions. Kaposi's sarcoma was the next most frequently encountered condition, accounting for 20% of cases followed by cytomegalovirus infection (11%). Procedures in which AIDS-defining conditions were commonly encountered included neurosurgical procedures (20 of 36 procedures were for AIDS-defining conditions), particularly stereotactic brain biopsy. Lymph node excision biopsies had AIDS-defining pathologies seen in 18 of 26 cases, particularly non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. AIDS-defining conditions were diagnosed in only 4% of anorectal procedures, with anal squamous cell malignant lesions a far more frequently observed disorder (diagnosed in 11% of cases). The clinical details of all patients who met the clinical criteria for AIDS who underwent midline laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1987 to 1998 were retrospectively examined. Thirty patients with AIDS underwent thirty laparotomies during this period. AIDS-defining conditions were found at fourteen procedures (47%). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found in eleven of these laparotomies, Kaposi's sarcoma in two and cytomegalovirus in one. In nine of the patients with AIDS-defining conditions, the post-operative diagnosis was different to that expected pre-operatively. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions found at laparotomy had significantly lower serum albumin concentrations and body weight compared with those with more conventional surgical diagnoses. There was no difference in CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, the number of patients with a history of AIDS-defining conditions or the duration of HIV infection between these two groups. Patients with AIDS-defining conditions diagnosed at laparotomy required significantly longer post-operative hospital stays compared to those with other causes, although there was no difference in the incidence of post-operative complications or deaths occurring in these two groups. There was a high number of patients with post-operative complications seen after laparotomy (thirty-two complications in twenty-one patients; 70% of all patients). Chest infections, systemic sepsis and wound infections were the most frequently encountered post-operative complications. Five deaths occurred within thirty days of operation (17% of patients), and were due to overwhelming systemic sepsis in four cases and from blood loss and coagulopathy in one. The number and the nature of the complications and deaths occurring in patients with AIDS undergoing laparotomy at St. Vincent's hospital is in keeping with previously published reports from other centres. The clinical details of patients with documented HIV infection who underwent biliary tract procedures at St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1989 to 1998 were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen patients with HIV (fourteen of which met the clinical criteria for AIDS) underwent cholecystectomy; ten for cholecystitis secondary to gallstones, one for mucocoele of the gallbladder due to obstruction of the cystic duct by a gallstone and seven for acalculous cholecystitis. Biliary tract procedures accounted for 24% of all abdominal procedures during this period. Patients were mostly male and in a relatively young age range. Cytomegalovirus infection was found in five cases of acalculous cholecystitis, Cryptosporidia in five and Microsporidia in two. A significantly greater proportion of patients with acalculous cholecystitis had a history of AIDS, and these patients had lower CD4 T-lymphocyte counts, compared with those patients with cholelithiasis. There was no statistical difference in the length of hospital admission or number of complications occurring in these two groups. Patients who had cholecystectomy performed as an elective procedure (n=7) were compared with those who had this procedure performed during admission for acute cholecystitis (n=11), and had a significantly lower duration of post-operative hospital stay. There was no difference in the number of complications occurring in these two groups. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in eight patients, and was not associated with a significant difference in hospital admission duration or incidence of complications when compared with the ten patients who underwent open cholecystectomy. The medical records of all patients presenting to St. Vincent's hospital during the period 1994 to 1998 with major penetrating wounds (gunshot wounds and stab wounds to the trunk or neck) were retrospectively examined to determine the number of such patients with a documented history of infection with HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV), or with risk factors for these infections. Of the 148 patients with major penetrating wounds who were managed at St. Vincent??s hospital during this period, 5.4% had documented infection HCV and 1.3% with HIV. Risk factors were documented in thirty-one individuals (21%), with injecting drug use the most commonly recorded (19%). Individuals infected with HIV represent a substantial workload for surgical specialists at St. Vincent's hospital. Surgical procedures were an uncommon cause of admission for patients with HIV infection, but were important in the diagnosis and management of many AIDS-associated conditions and were increasing in number. AIDS-defining conditions accounted for only a small proportion of operative interventions in patients with HIV infection. Surgical procedures required in the management of patients with HIV infection encompassed a broad range of surgical specialties and types of procedures. AIDS-associated opportunistic infections and malignancy were frequently the cause of abdominal procedures in patients with HIV and AIDS. The number of patients with known HIV infection who present for elective and emergency surgical procedures, as well as the high prevalence of documented HIV and HCV in patients with major penetrating wounds at St. Vincent's hospital, reinforces the need for all health care workers to practice strict universal precautions against body fluid exposure at all times.
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Gilbert, Hannah. "Rallying resources : strategies of therapeutic engagement among patients living with HIV in Senegal." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79769.
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In recent years there has been a worldwide recognition of the disparity of HIV treatment available in the West and in Sub-Saharan Africa. The West African nation of Senegal was early to implement measures that allowed for the distribution of highly effective anti-HIV therapy known as Antiretroviral (ARV) therapy to a limited number of patients. This thesis explores how patients living in Senegal who are infected with HIV have engaged in various negotiations to obtain access to treatment and other resources to meet the needs posed by their infection. These negotiations are framed by various historically embedded notions of how to engage relationships in the search for care. Strategies are also shaped by the biopolitically-laden discourse that guides the distribution of ARV therapy. This thesis traces the structure, evolution, and effects of patients' strategic negotiations in response to the introduction of this therapeutic technology.
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Lewis, Kimberly. "Heart Rate Variability as an Indicator of Stress and Resilience in HIV+ Adults: An Analysis of a Stigma Related Stress Induction." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc799494/.
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Learning of a positive diagnosis of HIV may be one of the most challenging and stressful events in life. The memory of this event is emotionally laden, and even years later evokes an emotional response. Similarly, many people living with HIV (PLH) have memories of the first time they were treated differently because of their diagnosis. While research frequently examines the subjective of stress, few studies have examined biological markers of stress in people living with HIV. Heart Rate Variability offers a non-invasive measure of stress. Beyond serving as a biological marker for stress, changes in HRV are also associated with emotional functioning. Research demonstrates decreased HRV levels in patients with Depression, Anxiety, and PTSD. We conducted a repeated measures MANOVA to examine effects of stress induction on HRV in individuals with high and low levels of HIV-related stigma. We found that the high stigma group was significantly different from the low stigma group in regard to changes in participants’ HRV, Wilks’ λ = .50, F (1, 51) = 11.63, p < .001. A hierarchical linear regression examined the relationship between HRV and other measures of stress (Heart Rate and Blood Pressure). We found that systolic blood pressure and heart rate in the stress condition were predictive of HRV (adjusted R2=.29, F (5,46) =4.07, p<.01). Results of our study support the use of HRV as a measure of stress in HIV-positive adults. Additionally, the results of our study demonstrate significant relationships between stigma, social support and stress in HIV-positive adults.
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Mamogobo, Pamela Mafenngwe. "Clients experiences of HIV-Positive post-disclosure to sexual partners at St Rita's Hospital Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1033.
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Thesis (MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2013Setting: The study was undertaken in St Rita’s Hospital, a district hospital for healthin Makhuduthamaga Municipality, Sekhukhune District, Limpopo Province. The purpose of the study was to describe client experiences of HIV-positive post-disclosure tosexual partners at St Rita’s Hospital, Limpopo Province. Research design and methodology: A qualitative, descriptive and phenomenological design was used. Purposive sampling was used to select 15 HIV-positive clients to participate in the study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection until saturation was reached. Data analysis was done using Techs open-coding method. Research findings: The study found that most of the clients were shocked and worried after testing HIV-positive. Participants whose sexual partners were aware that they were sick, indicated their wish to test and to immediately disclose their HIV-positive status. The study identified that some women found it difficult to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners and continued to have unprotected sex in spite of ongoing counselling and support provided at the clinic. Some women participants who disclosed to sexual partners were accepted and some were rejected by sexual partners. Some women who disclosed their HIV-positive status to sexual partners were unable to motivate sexual partners to be counselled together and have mutual disclosure. These participants therefore continued to have unprotected sex with sexual partners and some became pregnant as sexual partners indicated that they tested HIV-negative elsewhere and were not keen to use condoms. Female participants did not indicate the use of female condoms as part of their responsibility to prevent transmission of HIV. Implications, recommendations and conclusions: The barriers which female participants face to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners and not being able to insist on the use condoms may contribute to a high rate of HIV transmission and disease incidence. There should be establishment of consortiums at community level to provide quality support and follow up to vii clients who face challenges or fear to disclose their HIV-positive status to sexual partners. KEYWORDS • Clients’ experiences • Disclosure • Experiences, • Sexual partner • HIV-positive
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Lau, Wai-yee. "The readiness of social workers in providing services to persons with HIV/AIDS /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13991346.
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Ramaroson, Mianko. "The human right of HIV positive persons to non-discrimination in getting life insurance in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/1071.
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"The insurance industry was among the first to understand clearly the serious nature of the epidemic, as the HIV/AIDS epidemic disintegrates and destabilizes slowly the traditional extended African family system. The extended family, which traditionally constitutes a social safety net in African communities, is not able to cope with the sudden burden of HIV/AIDS orphans, since the age group 20-44 is the most hit by the epidemic. A study commissioned by the Henry Kaiser Family Foundation showed that, by the year 2005, HIV/AIDS is expected to make around one million children under the age of 15 orphans in South Africa. Besides, stigma and secrecy around the disease expose HIV/AIDS orphans to discrimination in their community and even in their extended family. As a result, a large number of HIV/AIDS orphans are abandoned and forced to seek help in the streets, begging for money, a situation that exposes them to abuse and criminality. Since 1988, most insurance companies in South Africa have had a policy of compulsory HIV testing which excludes HIV positive candidates from their scheme. The reason put forward is that they represent an 'unacceptable risk'. According to the National Association of People Living with HIV/AIDS (NAPWA), this is a widespread problem in South Africa. The impact of discrimination in getting life insurance is catastrophic on the lives of people living with HIV/AIDS and their families. As was noted by the Supreme Court of Canada in the case of Zurich Insurance Company v Ontario, there is a fundamental tension between human rights law and insurance practice. Insurance practices, particularly, impedes on equality and privacy rights of HIV positive persons. ... Therefore, at the root of the debate on HIV/AIDS and insurance is the question on how to strike a balance between the need to ensure that insurance companies extend their coverage without being financially endangered and the human and constitutional rights of HIV positive persons. ... The study is divided into five chapters. Chapter one is the introductory chapter. Chapter two examines the principles of insurance as well as the characteristics of HIV/AIDS. It aims at understanding the arguments in favour of HIV testing and exclusion of persons living with HIV/AIDS from life insurance schemes. Chapter three analyses the problem from the perspective of persons infected with HIV. It investigates the impact of the refusal to grant them life insurance because of their HIV status. This chapter shows how the insurance business infringes the rights of HIV positive persons ot non0discriminatory treatment. Chapter four looks at the position of foreign jurisdictions in the conflict of interests and analyses how they have dealt with the human rights implications of insurance companies policy towards the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Chapter five is the concluding chapter, which puts forward redommendations." -- Introduction.Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2003.
Prepared under the supervision of Adv. Annelize Nienaber at the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/academic_pro/llm1/dissertations.html
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Behardien, Nashreen. "Oral mucosal and facial manifestations of HIV/AIDS in children (Cape Peninsula, South Africa)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Currently, HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest threats to child survival in South Africa. It is estimated that approximately 6000 newborn babies become infected with the HIV virus monthly i.e. approximately 200 babies per day. During a 24 month period (October 1999 &ndashOctober 2001), a descriptive prevalence study of the oro-facial manifestations affecting HIV-positive children was conducted in the Cape Peninsula, South Africa. The study population consisted of 268 vertically infected HIV-positive children. The study was motivated by the lack of data regarding oral mucosal lesions in children with vertically acquired HIV-infection.
The study design was descriptive, and the population included consecutive, vertically infected HIV-positive patients sourced from out-patient clinics, hospital wards and special child-care facilities. The children were examined once consent was obtained from caregivers. The findings were documented using data capturing sheets. The data was captured on the Microsoft Excel program and analysed using the Epi 2000 program. The results indicated that a large proportion of HIV-infected children presented with orofacial manifestations at some stage during the course of HIV-infection. Oro-facial manifestations were observed in 70.1% of the study population. The prevalence of the most commonly observed manifestations were: oral candidiasis, 38.8%
parotid gland enlargement, 10.8%
oral ulceration, 5.6%
molluscum contagiosum, 7.8%
periodontal conditions, 3.4%
and herpes simplex infection, 0.7%.It can be concluded that in this sample of HIV-infected children, the prevalence of orofacial manifestations is higher than, and comparable with the findings of similar studies conducted in other regions of the world.
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Muromo, Tinashe. "Perceived decision making factors in the use of traditional and alternative medicine for people living with HIV and AIDS." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/5687.
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AIDS is one of the most destructive diseases humankind has ever faced and also brings with it profound social, economic and public health consequences, making it one of the most serious health and development challenges in the world today. Zimbabwe, situated in southeastern Africa, is not spared from the pandemic. It continues to be one of the Sub-SaharanAfrican countries mostly heavily impacted by the AIDS epidemic, with almost 1.2 million people infected and over 1.1 million orphans. It ranks, therefore, as fifth highest in the world in the impact HIV and AIDS has had on the country. The most effective response has been to introduce programmes to reduce the number of new infections. Recent research has demonstrated treatment as a preventative measure to be very effective. This approach involves targeting those who are infected so that they are not able to transmit the disease. The decision that has to be made by an infected person, however, is whether to look for traditional treatment, conventional treatment or a combination of the two. Herbal medicine use is becoming very common in many countries, especially in the developing world, where public health safety has become a concern. It has become common to use herbal medicine concomitantly with allopathic or conventional medicine. The present study focused on investigating perceptions leading to the choice of treatment with the traditional alternative medicines (TAM) as (a)/n alternative or compliment to the conventional or allopathic option. This is a qualitative study that explores and describes participant’s perceptions, beliefs, attitudes and feelings around the use of traditional medicine, within the context of the Integrative Behaviour Model (IBM). Data was collected from 20 people living with HIV and AIDS from urban and rural settings of different ethnicities (Shona and Shangani). The data analysis was informed by The Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis with the aid of NVivo (V.10), a computer-assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software. As predicted by the IBM, both perceived individual and environmental factors were found to be key in influencing decision-making on the use of TAM by people living with HIV and AIDS. Although there were a number of incidents in which either individual or environmental factors were perceived as independently influencing the TAM-use decision-making process, there was a lot of mutual influence between the environment and the individual. Such mutual causation was abstracted as reciprocal determinism. The IMB model assumed a unidirectional causation in which the environment could affect the individual factors. While the present study identified and demonstrated these environmental effects on the individual, it also identified and presented a reverse causation in which the individual would also affect the environment with respect to motivation for TAM use. Individual factors were psychological properties that drove the individual to use TAM. Attitude, social influence and personal agency emerged as the three dimensions of individual factors. Attitudes helped in identification of orientations that located objects of thought on dimensions of judgment about the use of TAM. Social influence explained social pressure experienced and expected regarding the use of TAM. The study demonstrated the importance of both the descriptive and injunctive norm with participants indicating that they perceived important others to be using traditional medicine and that they felt perceived expectations from others to do the same and hence the motivation to comply. Personal agency pointed to the participants’ capacities to originate and direct actions for the purposes of TAM use. All these constructs were found to be very important as perceived determinants of the behavioral intentions of people living with HIV and AIDS to use traditional medicines. In experiential attitude, generally the respondents showed more perceived positive evaluations of pleasurable experiences in their use of traditional medicines. However, there were other outcome evaluations that seemed to be ambivalent and which appeared to cause a lot of tension. The comprehension of experiential attitude was found therefore found to be trichotomous rather than dichotomous as per the IBM. The effects of the instrumental attitude were revealed in the ratings of the extent to which the use of traditional medicine was perceived as useful or rewarding, with the study revealing high ratings of usefulness. It becomes clear, therefore, that for people living with HIV and AIDS social influence, perceived attitudes and personal agency are important decision-making factors in their use of traditional and alternative medicine. Efforts towards education, integration and behaviour change programmes should design messages targeting these behavioral determinants. Understanding of these perceived determinants is crucial to influencing policy as well as the adoption of health practices through education, marketing and other modes of health promotion.
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Fraser, Michelle. "Systematics of the genus Candida; implications for understanding clinical presentation, mixed infection and antifungal treatment and the influence on strain maintenance and replacement during oral candidiasis in HIV-infected individuals /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phf8421.pdf.
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DiDona, Toni Marie. "An evaluation of depression, self-efficacy, satisfaction with life and perceived access to medical care across stages of HIV infection." FIU Digital Commons, 1994. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2815.
Full textAbstract:
This survey was designed to identify the incidence and scope of depression, satisfaction with life, self-efficacy and perceived access to medical care for those who are infected with the HIV virus. It also determined whether or not factors such as sexual orientation, ethnicity and socioeconomic status are intervening variables with respect to mental health issues.
Subjects were recruited through a purposive sample from South Florida. A total of 871 surveys were used in the analysis. The overall response rate was nearly 90%.
The incidence of depression was found to be higher than 75% across all stages of HIV infection. Furthermore, the incidence of depression increased as HIV disease progressed. Satisfaction with life and for the most part, self efficacy were found to decrease slightly as HIV disease progressed. Significant variance in depression, life satisfaction and self efficacy were found across stages of HIV infection. No significant differences between groups that were HIV infected, were found for depression, life satisfaction and self efficacy.
The severity of depression was found to vary significantly with self efficacy, life satisfaction and access to medical care but not with socioeconomic status. Life satisfaction was found to vary significantly with socioeconomic status, depression and self efficacy but not with access to medical care, Self-efficacy was found to vary significantly with socioeconomic status, depression and life satisfaction but not with access to medical care.
Gender and ethnicity were not found to be significant precedent variables in depression for HIV infected individuals. Sexual orientation was found to be a significant precedent variable for depression, life satisfaction and self efficacy.
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Saxton, Peter John Waring, and n/a. "HIV epidemiology and behavioural surveillance among men who have sex with men in New Zealand." University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090505.150029.
Full textAbstract:
AIMS: HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) in New Zealand increased from the year 2001. The aim of the thesis was to improve understandings of the causes of the increase, in order to inform HIV prevention and identify further research needs.
METHODS: Epidemiological data on HIV and AIDS diagnoses among MSM in New Zealand were examined using information from the AIDS Epidemiology Group. A programme of regular behavioural surveillance among MSM was also designed and conducted.
RESULTS: Between 1996-2005, HIV diagnoses among MSM by antibody testing where HIV infection was acquired in New Zealand revealed two distinct phases: A very low period between 1997 to 2000 in which around 21 diagnoses were recorded annually; and a resurgent period from 2001 to 2005 where annual HIV diagnoses experienced a sustained rise to 66 at the end of 2005.
New adjusted estimates indicated that known prevalent HIV cases among MSM in New Zealand increased from 437 to 588 between 1995 and 2000 (35%), and from 588 to 965 (64%) between 2000 and 2005. This reflected diverging trends from the mid-1990s: Ongoing new HIV infections among MSM which accelerated from the year 2000; and decreased deaths from AIDS due to improved antiretroviral treatments. Unless the growing number of MSM with HIV is counterbalanced by a decrease in the rate of secondary transmission from positive individuals, it will increase the number of new HIV infections. Contrary to this, when expressed as diagnosed incidence-to-prevalence pool ratios (IPRs), the average annual rate of secondary transmission was found to be increasing over time.
The behavioural surveillance programme in Auckland surveyed 812 MSM in 2002, 1220 in 2004, and 1228 in 2006. An online module in 2006 additionally surveyed 2141 MSM, 647 of whom lived in Auckland.
There were no overall changes in HIV testing over the three offline surveys, suggesting that the increase in HIV diagnoses was not an artefact of testing patterns. There were also no widespread changes in the rate of unprotected anal sex with casual sex partners, or partners described as a "fuckbuddy" or a "boyfriend", among the overall offline samples.
However, the proportion of MSM recruited offline who had recently engaged in sex with a man met through the Internet increased significantly from 2002 to 2004 (from 26.6% to 44.8%). When MSM surveyed online in 2006 were examined, they exhibited riskier behaviours compared to offline-recruited respondents. For example, rates of non-condom use and sexual partner concurrency were especially high, and testing rates were lower.
CONCLUSION: It is likely that moderate changes involving increases in unprotected sex for some MSM, and alterations to sexual networks and sexual connectivity, have combined to push the reproductive rate of HIV beyond the new epidemic threshold set by the increase in longevity from the mid-1990s. These changes need not have been great if the reproductive rate of HIV was already situated close to the epidemic tipping point. In this case, a resurgent outbreak of HIV may even have been triggered by apparently small and subtle shifts in factors influencing HIV spread.