Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV-positive persons

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV-positive persons'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV-positive persons"

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Seth, Puja, Guoshen Wang, and Lisa Belcher. "Previously Diagnosed HIV-Positive Persons." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 45, no. 6 (June 2018): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/olq.0000000000000766.

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Kaplan, Caryn R., and Zari B. Kolodny. "Nutritional Care for HIV-Positive Persons." TOPICS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION 11, no. 3 (July 1996): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008486-199606000-00012.

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Lundgren, Jens D., and Andrew N. Phillips. "Rescue of Severely Immunocompromised HIV‐Positive Persons." Journal of Infectious Diseases 202, no. 10 (November 15, 2010): 1467–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/656719.

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Fisher, Jeffrey D., Deborah H. Cornman, Chandra Y. Osborn, K. Rivet Amico, William A. Fisher, and Gerald A. Friedland. "Clinician-Initiated HIV Risk Reduction Intervention for HIV-Positive Persons." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 37 (October 2004): S78—S87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.qai.0000140605.51640.5c.

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MOR, S. M., J. A. AMINAWUNG, A. DEMARIA, and E. N. NAUMOVA. "Pneumonia and influenza hospitalization in HIV-positive seniors." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 9 (November 26, 2010): 1317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002669.

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SUMMARYHIV-positive persons and the elderly have increased risk for influenza-related complications, including pneumonia. Using claims data for pneumonia and influenza (P&I) hospitalization in the USA, we described the temporo-demographic trends and in-patient case-fatality in persons aged ⩾65 years by HIV status. Our results showed a near doubling in the fraction of P&I admissions representing HIV-positive persons between 1991 and 2004 [relative risk (RR) 1·95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·80–2·13]. HIV-positive adults were younger (70·3 vs. 79·9 years, P<0·001), and had higher case-fatality (18·0% vs. 12·6%, P<0·001). Adjusting for other variables, case-fatality decreased by 5·8% in HIV-positive persons with the availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (P=0·032). However, HIV-positive seniors were still 51% more likely to die during hospitalization than HIV-negative persons in 2004 (OR 1·51, 95% CI 1·23–1·85). HIV-infected persons represent a growing fraction of the elderly population hospitalized with P&I. Additional measures are needed to reduce case-fatality associated with P&I in this population.
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Galletly, C. L., and J. Dickson-Gomez. "HIV seropositive status disclosure to prospective sex partners and criminal laws that require it: perspectives of persons living with HIV." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 9 (September 2009): 613–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008417.

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Thirty-one HIV-positive persons living in Michigan took part in focus group discussions about Michigan's HIV disclosure law. Discussion themes included perceived responsibility to prevent infection, concern about unwanted secondary disclosure of HIV-positive status, fear of being falsely accused of violating Michigan's HIV disclosure law and perceived vulnerability of HIV-positive persons within the US legal system. Although participants strongly agreed with the ostensible purpose of Michigan's criminal HIV disclosure law, there was considerable concern about the negative impact of the law on persons living with HIV.
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Tsiko, O. V., and V. M. Kozko. "Pulmonary lesions in HIV-positive persons (brief review)." ACTUAL INFECTOLOGY 6, no. 6 (December 1, 2018): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2312-413x.6.6.2018.151480.

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Gueler, Aysel, André Moser, Alexandra Calmy, Huldrych F. Günthard, Enos Bernasconi, Hansjakob Furrer, Christoph A. Fux, et al. "Life expectancy in HIV-positive persons in Switzerland." AIDS 31, no. 3 (January 2017): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001335.

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Bunch, E. H. "Symptom management for HIV-positive persons in Norway." International Nursing Review 51, no. 3 (September 2004): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2004.00232.x.

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Carrico, Adam W., Mallory O. Johnson, Stephen F. Morin, Robert H. Remien, Edwin D. Charlebois, Wayne T. Steward, and Margaret A. Chesney. "Correlates of suicidal ideation among HIV-positive persons." AIDS 21, no. 9 (May 2007): 1199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0b013e3281532c96.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV-positive persons"

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Bartholow, Bradford Noyes. "A comparison of consumer-controlled and traditional HIV counseling and testing implications for screening and outreach among injection drug users /." unrestricted, 2004. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06022005-142542/.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Title from title screen. Roger Bakeman, committee chair; James Emshoff, John Peterson, Gabriel Kuperminc, committee members. Electronic text (100 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 24, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 90-100).
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Roux, Adriana Aletta. "Evaluering van 'n groepwerkhulpverleningsprogram met MIV-positief/VIGS-pasiënte / Adriana Aletta Roux." Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2968.

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As a result of the HIV/AIDS problem, South Africa is presently confronted by the worst pandemic in the history of this country. An estimated 4,2 million people in South Africa are already infected with the HI virus. The Faculty of Health Sciences at the PL) for CHE (Focus area 9.1) for this reason undertook to investigate the immune systems of HIV/AIDS patients in the Potchefstroom health district. The aim of this effort was multiple, namely: * to improve by means of oral supplements the immune systems of HIV/AIDS patients in the named health district; * to slow down by means of the above mentioned action the deterioration of patients from HIV to AIDS, and * to improve the sense of well-being and quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients by means of a group work intervention programme. To reach this aim, the following goals had to be attained: * To determine by means of a literature study the nature and extent of HIV/AIDS world-wide. This aim was reached by analysing theoretical perspectives gained from the relevant literature as well as empirical results regarding the nature and extent of HIV/AIDS, especially in South Africa. * To determine by means of a literature study and an empirical investigation the needs of persons diagnosed as being HIV positive or having AIDS. In order to reach this goal, the procedure of survey was used. Schedules were personally completed by the investigator, assisted by field-workers, regarding 110 HIV/AIDS patients. In this manner the needs of the patients could be determined. From the results obtained by this survey, it was evident that HIV/AIDS patients experience various problems and definitely had a need for help. * To investigate by means of a literature study the task of Social Work, and specifically group work, regarding assistance to HIV/AIDS patients. This investigation emphasised that Social Work definitely has a task and responsibility regarding the prevention of HIV/AIDS as well as supplying direct assistance for HIV/AIDS patients. If group work intervention is thoroughly planned, it can render a valuable contribution to the improvement of the sense of well-being and quality of life of these patients. * The aim of the last-mentioned goal was to compile an appropriate programme based on the specific needs of patients and to evaluate it after implementation. This programme was successfully presented in the course of 13 weeks and was in particular suited, not only to improve the knowledge of the HIV/AIDS group members concerning their condition, but also to broaden their insight with regard to the impact of their illness on their social functioning. By means of this programme the group members could develop skills concerning the handling of their condition. * To evaluate the effect of the group work intervention programme on the sense of well-being and quality of life of the patients who have been diagnosed as HIV positive or having AIDS. This goal was attained by measuring on four occasions the sense of well-being and quality of life by means of the measuring scale known as Affectometer 2 (AFM) by Kammann and Flett (1983). The results obtained by this evaluation showed that the group work intervention programme brought about a significant difference in the sense of well-being and quality of life of these HIV/AIDS patients. The sense of well-being of HIV/AIDS patients who participated in the group work intervention programme was significantly higher than that of patients who did not form part of the group work intervention programme. All in all this research undeniably proved that a scientifically grounded, well-planned group work intervention programme can be successfully implemented to improve the quality of life of HIV/AIDS patients.
Thesis (Ph.D. (Social Work))--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 2002.
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Barnard, Jakoba Petronella. "MIV-positiewe huiswerksters se konstruering van hul ervarings van MIV & VIGS binne die werkgewersgesin." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03112005-080007.

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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies evidence of effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and the consumer perspective /." Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-06072004-131203/unrestricted/hutchinson%5Fangela%5Fb%5F200405%5Fphd.pdf.

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Ketchen, Bethany R. "HIV infection, negative life events, and intimate relationship power the moderating role of community resources for Black South African women /." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04172007-225155/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006.
Title from file title page. Lisa Armistead, committee chair; Gregory Jurkovic, Sarah Cook, Marci Culley, committee members. Electronic text (67 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Jan. 9, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-67).
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Setwaba, M. B. "Stress and dysfunction in families caring for members physically deteriorating due to HIV/Aids in Limpopo Province : resilience as a moderating factor." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1207.

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Thesis (Ph.D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2015
The study aims at assessing the stress and dysfunction among families affected by the sudden reality of experiencing physically deteriorating family members due to HIV/AIDS progression, and to identify resilience factors that moderate the impact. Three-hundred and sixteen families were conveniently selected to participate in this study. The experimental group of the HIV/AIDS affected families (n=122), with two control groups of families caring for family members ailing because of a non- HIV/AIDS physical ailment (n=132) and the families not involved in the caring of any family member (n=62). Family resilience and stress questionnaires were used to collect the data. Family resilience questionnaires included Family Hardiness Index (FHI), Social Support Index (SSI), Relative and Friend Support (RFS), F-COPES, Family Time and Routine Index (FTRI), Family Problem Solving Communication (FPSC) Family Attachment and Changeability Index 8 (FACI 8). The family caregiver stress was measured by the Relative Stress Scale. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were used to determine the moderating effect of the family qualities on the stress levels, and specific qualities unique in the families that bounce back. Stress was found to be high in the HIV/AIDS affected families when compared with the control families. Furthermore, the demographic information indicated that more stress was experienced in the HIV/AIDS affected families with a younger sick member and in poor economic conditions as well as when the sick person was a breadwinner. This indicated that stress elevation in the HIV/AIDS affected families was a function of economic conditions in the families and that caregivers may have experienced stress due to lack of proper resources and the stress of having sympathy for a young sick person who was expected to have a long life ahead of him or her. Social support (SSI), relative and friend support (RFS), and spending time together and engaging in similar routine collectively (FTRI) were found to moderate stress in HIV/AIDS affected families. Further research is needed to highlight the dynamics and the relationship with stress elevation around the new trend of HIV/AIDS infection of the younger age group as well as the economic burden or the impact of lack of resources in caring for the infected. More in-depth research must also be done with an emphasis on the dynamics between stigmatisation, stress moderation and resilience of families using more diverse families engaging in various caregiving situations of sick family members within various ecological and socio economic conditions.
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Leonard, Erin. "Attachment, depression, and medication in adolescents with HIV infection." Click here for text online. The Institute of Clinical Social Work Dissertations website, 2007. http://www.icsw.edu/_dissertations/Leonard_2007.pdf.

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Dissertation (Ph.D.) -- The Institute for Clinical Social Work, 2007.
A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Institute of Clinical Social Work in partial fulfillment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.
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Seng, Vuthy Santhat Sermsri. "Influences of stigmatization and discrimination on care for people living with hiv/aids (plwha) : a study of home based care services in Phnom Penh, Cambodia /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd400/4838029.pdf.

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Leung, Kwok-keung. "Psychosocial predictors of the immune functioning of symptomatic HIV+ patients in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29697426.

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Breet, Elsie-Marie. "The relationship between intimate partner violence, HIV-related stigma, social support, and mental health among people living with HIV." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71951.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global estimates show that sub-Saharan Africa has the largest portion of HIV cases with South Africa having more people living with HIV than any other country in the world. Moreover, studies have shown a high incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV) among people living with HIV. IPV has been shown to be associated with mental health problems. Considerable empirical studies have demonstrated that HIV is a highly stigmatized disease. In addition, HIV-related stigma has also been shown to be a risk factor for mental health problems among persons living with HIV. However, no empirical studies have examined the combined effect of IPV and HIV-related stigma on mental health. This thesis builds on the existing body of research by examining to what extent the linear combination of IPV (timing and frequency) and HIV related stigma explained variation in symptoms of common mental health disorders in both men and women living with HIV. In addition, theoretical and empirical studies have suggested that social support may serve as a protective factor in the relationship between IPV, HIV-related stigma, and mental health. Yet, despite the increasing attention, no known studies have focused on the mediating or moderating role of social support in the relationship between IPV or HIV-related stigma, and mental health. This thesis examined the extent to which social support played a mediating or moderating role in these relationships. The study used a cross-sectional research design to study a convenience sample of 210 people living with HIV in three peri-urban areas in the Western Cape, South Africa. Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires that assessed IPV (timing and frequency), HIV-related stigma, social support, and symptoms of common mental health. The results from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the linear combination of psychological aggression frequency and HIV related stigma explained a significant portion of the variance in symptoms of depression. Likewise, both physical assault timing and psychological aggression timing combined with HIV-related stigma explained a significant portion of variance in symptoms of depression. Psychological aggression timing combined with HIV-related stigma significantly explained variance in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results from the product-term regression analyses indicated that social support played a mediating role in the relationship between HIV-related stigma and symptoms of PTSD, but not depression. Social support did not moderate the relationship between HIV-related stigma and symptoms of common mental health disorders. In conclusion, the combination of IPV (physical assault and psychological aggression) and HIV-related stigma explained a significant portion of the variance in symptoms of common mental health disorders. Future research is needed for a better understanding of these relationships. A longitudinal experimental design is recommended in order to explore the direction of these relationships and to examine the context in which the IPV, HIV-related stigma, and social support is experienced.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wêreldwye beramings toon dat sub-Sahara Afrika die grootste gedeelte van HIV gevalle te wêreld het, terwyl Suid-Afrika meer mense het wat met MIV leef as enige ander land in die wêreld. Verder het studies getoon dat daar 'n hoë voorkoms van intiemepaargeweld (IPV) is onder mense wat met MIV leef. Daar is al getoon dat IPV verband hou met geestelike probleme. Aansienlike empiriese studies het getoon dat MIV 'n hoogs gestigmatiseer siekte is. Daarbenewens, is daar getoon dat MIV-verwante stigma 'n risiko faktor is vir geestelike probleme onder persone wat leef met MIV. Daar is egter geen empiriese studies wat die gekombineerde effek van IPV en MIV-verwante stigma op geestesgesondheid ondersoek nie. Hierdie tesis bou voort op die bestaande navorsing deur te ondersoek tot watter mate die lineêre kombinasie van IPV (tydsberekening en frekwensie) en MIV-verwante stigma variasie in die simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid afwykings verduidelik in beide mans en vroue wat met MIV leef. Daarbenewens, het teoretiese en empiriese studies voorgestel dat sosiale ondersteuning kan dien as 'n beskermende faktor in die verhouding tussen IPV, MIV-verwante stigma, en geestesgesondheid. Tog, ten spyte van die toenemende aandag, het daar al geen studies gefokus op die bemiddelende of modererende rol van sosiale ondersteuning in die verhouding tussen IPV of MIV-verwante stigma, en geestesgesondheid. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die mate waarin sosiale ondersteuning 'n bemiddelende of modererende rol speel in hierdie verhoudings. Die studie het 'n deursnee-navorsing ontwerp gebruik om 'n gerieflikheidsteekproef van 210 mense wat met MIV leef in drie peri-stedelike gebiede in die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika te bestudeer. Deelnemers het 'n battery van self-verslag vraelyste voltooi wat IPV (tydsberekening en frekwensie), MIV-verwante stigma, sosiale ondersteuning, en simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid geassesseer het. Die resultate van die hiërargiese meervoudige regressie-analise het getoon dat die lineêre kombinasie van sielkundige aggressie frekwensie en MIV-verwante stigma 'n beduidende deel van die variansie in simptome van depressie verduidelik. Net so, het beide fisiese aanranding tydsberekening en sielkundige aggressie tydsberekening gekombineer met MIV-verwante stigma 'n beduidende deel van die variansie in simptome van depressie verduidelik. Sielkundige aggressie tydsberekening gekombineer met MIV-verwante stigma het „n beduidende variansie in simptome van post-traumatiese stresversteuring (PTSV) verduidelik. Die resultate van die produk-term regressie-analises het aangedui dat sosiale ondersteuning 'n bemiddelende rol speel in die verhouding tussen MIV-verwante stigma en simptome van PTSV, maar nie depressie nie. Sosiale ondersteuning het nie die verhouding tussen MIV-verwante stigma en simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid versteurings modereer nie. Ten slotte, die kombinasie van IPV (fisiese aanranding en sielkundige aggressie) en MIV-verwante stigma het 'n beduidende deel van die variansie in simptome van algemene geestesgesondheid versteurings verduidelik. Toekomstige navorsing is nodig vir 'n beter begrip van hierdie verhoudings. 'n Longitudinale eksperimentele ontwerp word aanbeveel om die rigting van hierdie verhoudings te verken en die konteks waarin die IPV, MIV-verwante stigma en sosiale ondersteuning ervaar is te ondersoek.
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Books on the topic "HIV-positive persons"

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Chandran, Satheesh. The manual for good governance & organizational management of PLHA networks in India. Edited by Council of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kerala and Resource Centre for Sexual Health and HIV/AIDS (New Delhi, India). Kerala: CPK+, 2007.

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J, Duma Richard, and Martone William J, eds. Management of the HIV-positive person. Littleton, Colo: Postgraduate Institute for Medicine, 1996.

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Arizona. Office of Primary Care Resources., Arizona. Office of HIV/STD Services., and Donaldson-Bothwell Consulting, eds. Health care for HIV-Infected persons in Arizona. Phoenix, Ariz: Bureau of Health Systems Development, Office of Primary Care Resources, 1998.

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Kelly, Angela. The art of living: The social impacts of treatments for people living with HIV in Papua New Guinea. [Papua New Guinea?: s.n.], 2008.

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Rinken, Sebastian. After diagnosis: HIV, the prospect of finitude and biographical self-construction. Badia Fiesolana: European University Institute, Department of Political and Social Sciences., 1997.

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Mary, Fisher. My name is Mary: A memoir. New York: Scribner, 1996.

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Shafer, Kimberly Page. 1997 HIV consensus report on HIV prevalence and incidence in San Francisco. [San Francisco, Calif: Dept. of Public Health, 1997.

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Margot, Tallmer, ed. HIV positive: Perspectives on counseling. Philadelphia: Charles Press, 1991.

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Sīrō̜i, Ronnayut. Kānkhlư̄anyāi thāng phư̄nthī læ kānkhlư̄anwai thāng sangkhom khō̜ng phūtit chư̄a ʻētʻaiwī nai ʻAmphœ̄ San Pā Tō̜ng, Čhangwat Chīang Mai. [Chiang Mai]: Bandit Witthayālai, Mahāwitthayālai Chīang Mai, 2001.

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South Africa. Department of Health. HIV/AIDS and STD Directorate, ed. Living openly: HIV positive South Africans tell their stories. Pretoria (Private Bag X7, Pretoria 0001): Beyond Awareness Campaign, HIV/AIDS and STD Directorate, Department of Health, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV-positive persons"

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Perrez, M. "Counseling and Preventive Intervention for HIV-Positive Persons and AIDS Patients." In Assessing AIDS Prevention, 235–53. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7211-9_19.

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Kedia, Sapna, Ravi Verma, and Purnima Mane. "Sexual and Reproductive Health of Adolescents and Young People in India: The Missing Links During and Beyond a Pandemic." In Health Dimensions of COVID-19 in India and Beyond, 203–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7385-6_10.

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AbstractThe authors discuss the impact of the pandemic on the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young people. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) are at low risk from COVID- 19, and hence, it may be assumed that their needs do not warrant immediate attention. However, it is important to understand how the pandemic may have affected their lives. Evidence from previous humanitarian disasters in India and elsewhere suggests that consequences for adolescents and young adults may be significant and multi-dimensional. The authors examine the impact (short- and long-term) of COVID on the sexual and reproductive needs and behaviors of AYA in India, particularly their intimate relationships, sexual violence, access to services, and impact on their mental health.Programs for AYA should be responsive to their needs, feelings, and experiences and should treat them with the respect they deserve, acknowledging their potential to be part of the solution, so that their life conditions improve and the adverse impact of the pandemic is minimized. Programs must also address the needs of vulnerable AYA like migrants, those from the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) community, persons with special needs, HIV positive youth, and those who live in poverty. It is important to understand how gender impacts the sexual and reproductive health of AYA, particularly young girls and women, in terms of restriction of mobility, increase dependence on male partners/friends/relatives, gender-based violence, control of sexuality, and the lack of privacy and confidentiality. The responses to these needs by youth-based and youth-serving organizations and the government are summarized. Recommendations are made to address prevailing gaps from a sexual and reproductive health rights and justice perspective.
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"Studying HIV and HIV-Positive Persons." In Landscapes of Activism, 1–14. Rutgers University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813596730-004.

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Roberts, Albert R., and Kenneth R. Yeager. "Crisis Intervention With Persons Diagnosed HIV Positive." In Pocket Guide to Crisis Intervention, 124–29. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195382907.003.0022.

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Abstract The latest estimates indicate that at the end of 2003, HIV prevalence—the total number of persons with HIV—was roughly 1 million (estimated range between 1,039,000 and 1,185,000) (CDC, 2008). Approximately one-fourth (24%–27%) of HIV-infected persons are believed to be unaware of their infection, underscoring the need to expand opportunities for HIV testing.
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Lopes, Eurides, and Jennifer Husson. "Solid Organ Transplantation in Persons Living with HIV." In Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019, 275–80. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190942496.003.0026.

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The arrival of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 1996 resulted in increased life expectancy for HIV-positive patients. Consequently, end-organ failure and associated disease has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this population. Up to 30% of HIV-positive individuals have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) as a direct consequence of HIV infection (HIV-associated nephropathy [HIVAN]), drug toxicities, or other comorbidities (...
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Schuitemaker, Hanneke. "Isolation and biological characterization of primary HIV-1 isolates." In HIV, 47–62. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199634934.003.0003.

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Abstract In the early years of HIV-1 research most of the virological studies were performed using a few T cell line adapted HIV-1 strains since primary isolation of HIV-1 with CD4-positive T cell lines as target cells was only successful in a small proportion of AIDS patients (1). Subsequent studies using PHA-stimulated PBMC indicated that many HIV-1 isolates were unable to grow in CD4-positive T cell lines (2). With the introduction of refinements to this isolation technique, and improvement of the sensitivity of the assays for the detection of HIV-1 in cultures, it has become possible to recover virus from HIV-1 seropositive persons, even in their asymptomatic period, with a 90-100% efficiency (3, 4). Primary HIV-1 isolates differ in their biological properties such as their ability to induce cell fusion (syncytia) in primary T cells, their replication rate, and their tropism for T cell lines and promonocytic cell lines (5).
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Cocohoba, Jennifer. "The Pharmacist’s Role in Caring for HIV-Positive Individuals." In Fundamentals of HIV Medicine 2019, 183–88. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190942496.003.0016.

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Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to • Understand how a pharmacist might be incorporated into a healthcare team that is caring for persons living with HIV • Discuss medication-related issues for which it would be optimal for an HIV to provide expert consultation on....
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Antonović, Ratomir D. "Discrimination of HIV-Positive Persons When Establishing an Employment Relationship." In Fighting for Empowerment in an Age of Violence, 160–72. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-4964-6.ch009.

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The right to work is one of the basic human rights guaranteed in most modern states by the constitution as the highest legal act. Every person who is legally capable has the right to work and that right cannot be denied. However, in practice this is not the case. There are particularly endangered categories of the population who, despite constitutional and legal guarantees, cannot exercise their right to work due to various personal characteristics and traits. The basis for discrimination can be gender, age, religion, and nationality, as well as a certain disease that does not make a person incapable of work. The paper will pay special attention to people who are positive for HIV, and who suffer from a special type of social discrimination, degradation, and disrespect for their basic human rights due to this specific disease.
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Manning, Brandi, Robert L. Bettiker, and Jeffrey M. Jacobson. "Prophylaxis of opportunistic infections in HIV disease." In Schlossberg's Clinical Infectious Disease, edited by Cheston B. Cunha, 684–90. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190888367.003.0101.

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This chapter explores the AIDS epidemic, which presents severe manifestations of various opportunistic infections (OIs) in hosts whose immune systems were compromised. It describes how individuals with AIDS succumbed to pneumocystic pneumonia, toxoplasmosis, disseminated mycobacterium, and several other OIs and malignancies. It explains how HIV-positive persons can be largely unaffected by OI when they remain well-adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART). The chapter mentions barriers to care and medication adherence that allow HIV to progress, leaving patients susceptible to OI. It focuses on prophylaxis for OI in HIV-positive patients as an important topic and cornerstone of providing care for this patient population.
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Koelle, David M., and Richard A. Willson. "Hepatitis C." In The HIV Manual, 274–78. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195100365.003.0037.

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Abstract Because clinicians rarely encounter clinically evident acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HIV-infected individuals, this chapter will focus on chronic HCV infection. HCV is a recently discovered RNA virus that is predominantly spread via blood products (now screened) and injection-drug use. Transmission of HCV also occurs by sexual exposure, household contact, occupational exposure, and from mother to child, but at a low frequency. Among HIV-infected individuals, HCV seroprevalence rates range from 4 to 80 percent, with high rates (greater than 50 percent) present among injection-drug users and low rates (less than 20 percent) present among men who have sex with men. For those HIV-infected persons with elevated hepatic transaminase enzyme levels, up to 33 percent will have evidence of chronic HCV infection as measured by a positive HCV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Although the effect of HCV infection on progression of HIV remains poorly studied, available data suggest that HCV does not alter the course of HIV disease. In contrast, several studies suggest that HIV-infected patients have relatively higher titers of HCV viremia and a more rapid decline of HCV antibody titers.
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Conference papers on the topic "HIV-positive persons"

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Lusher, J. M., L. M. Aledort, M. Hiltgartner, J. Mosley, and E. Operskalski. "TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF PERSONS WITH CONGENITAL HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644679.

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The Transfusion Safety Study is collecting data concerning the transmission of transfusion-acquired infections from patients with congenital hematologic disorders to household members. Of 233 patients for whom information is presently available, 128 (55%) were anti-HIV-positive. The 128 positive patients lived in 123 households with 174 members; 16 contacts were positive by EIA and immunoblot.These data provide further evidence of relatively high risk of HIV infection of sexual contacts. The three anti-HIV-positive children are all infants born to anti-HIV-positive wivesof infected hemophiliacs. Passively acquired antibody has not been excluded for two; the third was positive at ten months of age. Thus, vertical transmission may be a very important mechanism of perpetuating the HIV reservoir.
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Bialorudzki, Maciej, Arkadiusz Nowak, Joanna Mazur, Alicja Kozakiewicz, and Zbigniew Izdebski. "Willingness to Test for HIV among the Population of Adults in Relation to their Sexual Activity and Opinions." In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1019.

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Introduction: Surveys concerning sexual life were conducted in Poland five times between 1997–2017. Within that period, the proportion of respondents who declared oral and anal contacts grew significantly. The decreasing proportion of people who consider having an HIV blood test (dropped by 6% from 2011 to 2017) was alarming. Objective: To identify the main factors related to willingness to test for HIV. Methods: The data pertain to 1,746 persons aged 18–49 years, surveyed in 2017 (49.1% males, average age 31.8±9.7). Twenty socio-demographic and behavioral independent variables were considered, including sexual behaviors and related opinions. Apart from the univariate analysis, a multi-factor logistic regression model was estimated for 1,364 sexually active persons. Results: Of the total respondents, 15.8% had considered HIV screening, and 10.3% had made it. The analyzed proportion grew up to 34.0% among people who had bisexual experience and up to 48.3% in case of only homosexual contact, and up to 29.1% and 21.5% in case of anal and oral contacts, respectively. Among others, the increase in HIV screening intent was related to the growing role of sex in life, a higher number of partners, being single, preferring sex without love, understanding HIV risk, and a positive attitude towards homosexuality. In the multi-factor analysis, in order of importance, the following predictors remained in the final model (coefficient of determination [R2]=0.140): residing in a big city (odds ratio [OR]=2.52), anal contact (OR=1.72), maintaining homosexual contact only (OR=6.33), oral contact (OR=2.03), considering homosexuality as nothing wrong (OR=1.61), perception of HIV hazard (OR=1.45), and allowing sex without love (OR=1.40). Conclusion: HIV screening is still not a common practice in Poland. Stigmatization and limited access to screening centers may be the barrier, which was proven by the dominant influence of the domicile, even when adjusted for behavioral and cultural factors.
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Hamplová, Lidmila, Soňa Jexová, Veronika Pišová, and Petr Hulinský. "Application of the brief intervention method in prevention of HIV/AIDS spread - 6 years of project implementation." In Život ve zdraví 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0076-2021-5.

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The National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018- 2022 is a strategic document for combating the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. The activities of the programme are funded by the Czech Republic’s Ministry of Health’s subsidy programmed called the National Programme on HIV AIDS. The target population groups of the programme are not only persons at high risk of HIV/AIDS infection due to risky sexual behaviour, but also adolescents, teenagers, and other persons of reproductive age with a lower level of health literacy. One possibility that could increase their level of knowledge is the short intervention method, which is also applicable in the field of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The aim and purpose of the brief intervention method recommended by the WHO is to increase the health literacy of the intervened persons, eliminate their risky behaviour and promote their reproductive health. Reducing the incidence of HIV-positive persons in the population brings significant financial savings in terms of reduced treatment costs for both HIV-positive patients and especially those with advanced AIDS. The application of the brief intervention method in the field of prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs was the essence of the 6-year project conducted by the University of Health Sciences in health care facilities across the Czech Republic. Patients were privately familiarised with the content of educational cards and were offered the opportunity for a closer consultation on the topic. After the education, the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by a short questionnaire. 5,146 people of reproductive age were intervened in more than 150 health care facilities across the country during the implementation of the 6-year project. A total of 1,347 patients (26%) reported that their loved ones were not adequately protected from HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Only 56% of the male and 66% of the female respondents reported that they had ever spoken to their loved ones about STI prevention. After the education, 56% of the 89 reproductive-age interveners requested copies of the education cards for their loved ones. Increased health literacy due to education was more often acknowledged by women than men, and especially by those in the 15-25 age group, where 74% of those in this age group who intervened confirmed increased health literacy. Women (75%) were more likely than men to believe that their loved ones were not adequately protecting themselves from STIs. Patients with lower levels of education were more likely to admit an increase in health literacy than those with university education (64%). 71% of patients with only primary education, completed at fifteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. 70% or patients who finished their schooling after secondary education, completed at eighteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. Over the course of 6 years, more than 5,000 people of reproductive age were educated in the project. The health care environment in which the interventions were implemented contributed significantly to the success of the brief intervention method. The realisation of the project by the College of Health contributed to the implementation of the National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018-2022 and at the same time the National Action Plan, entitled Development of Health Literacy.
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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.

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Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.
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Beretta, Luiza de Lima, Arthur Costa Nascimento, and Diogo Fernandes dos Santos. "Community-acquired pneumococcal meningoencephalitis associated with neurosyphilis in an immunocompetent patient: case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.482.

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Case report: A 28-year-old man with no comorbidities was admitted to our institution with a history of sudden holocranial headache, associated with fever, lowered level of consciousness and meningismus with the need for orotracheal intubation. Computed tomography of the brain was normal and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on 05/28/2022 was yellowish, cloudy, glucose 6.0 mg/ dL, protein 752 mg/dL, cells 25,600 mm³ (neutrophils 92%, lymphocytes 5%), red blood cells 258 mm³, CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) 1/8, serum VDRL 1/32, treponemal test positive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin, and acyclovir were empirically started. Pneumococcus was identified in the culture of CSF and blood cultures on admission and the antibiotic regimen was adequate, maintaining only ceftriaxone. Antibiotic therapy lasted 14 days, he was discharged after 16 days of hospitalization, for outpatient follow-up, with no neurological deficits. Control lumbar puncture on 12/23 revealed clear, colorless CSF, glucose 56 mg/dL, total protein 31.8 mg/dL, no cells or red blood cells, cultures negative. Discussion: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of meningitis in adults, in older adults and in the current era, neurosyphilis, is most frequently seen in persons with HIV. There are no similar cases described in the literature. Despite the effectiveness of current antibiotics in clearing bacteria from the CSF, bacterial meningitis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We describe a rare case of an immunocompetent patient with communityacquired pneumococcal meningoencephalitis associated with neurosyphilis treated with ceftriaxone who did not present sequelae or need for retreatment. Conclusion: It´s a rare cause of meningoencephalitis and has significant morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed regarding susceptibility to meningoencephalitis by multiple germs in immunocompetent patients.Case report: A 28-year-old man with no comorbidities was admitted to our institution with a history of sudden holocranial headache, associated with fever, lowered level of consciousness and meningismus with the need for orotracheal intubation. Computed tomography of the brain was normal and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on 05/28/2022 was yellowish, cloudy, glucose 6.0 mg/ dL, protein 752 mg/dL, cells 25,600 mm³ (neutrophils 92%, lymphocytes 5%), red blood cells 258 mm³, CSF Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) 1/8, serum VDRL 1/32, treponemal test positive, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative. Ceftriaxone, ampicillin, and acyclovir were empirically started. Pneumococcus was identified in the culture of CSF and blood cultures on admission and the antibiotic regimen was adequate, maintaining only ceftriaxone. Antibiotic therapy lasted 14 days, he was discharged after 16 days of hospitalization, for outpatient follow-up, with no neurological deficits. Control lumbar puncture on 12/23 revealed clear, colorless CSF, glucose 56 mg/dL, total protein 31.8 mg/dL, no cells or red blood cells, cultures negative. Discussion: Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of meningitis in adults, in older adults and in the current era, neurosyphilis, is most frequently seen in persons with HIV. There are no similar cases described in the literature. Despite the effectiveness of current antibiotics in clearing bacteria from the CSF, bacterial meningitis continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. We describe a rare case of an immunocompetent patient with communityacquired pneumococcal meningoencephalitis associated with neurosyphilis treated with ceftriaxone who did not present sequelae or need for retreatment. Conclusion: It´s a rare cause of meningoencephalitis and has significant morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed regarding susceptibility to meningoencephalitis by multiple germs in immunocompetent patients.
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Lesolang, Nkeke. "The Role of Spiritual Faith Healers in Reducing or Reinforcing the HIV Stigma: A Qualitative Study." In International Association of Cross Cultural Psychology Congress. International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4087/jtrj6465.

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The role of spiritual faith healers in managing various conditions of ill-health has been studied and debated. The aim of this study was to explore spiritual faith healers’ understanding and conceptualisation of HIV/AIDS stigma and the role they play in reducing or reinforcing HIV/AIDS stigma in their communities. A qualitative approach, and in particular, the grounded theory methodology was used. The application of this methodology included personal interviews with eight practising spiritual faith healers in Limpopo Province (South Africa), while additional information was gleaned from the literature review. The researcher focused on the participants’ conceptualisation of HIV stigma, from the context of the African world view in order to gain insight into the roles of these spiritual faith healers. The findings indicated that spiritual faith healers tended to show a less positive attitude towards people living with Aids. However, the findings suggest that spiritual faith healers perceive themselves to be having a definite role to play in reducing HIV/ AIDS stigma in their communities. These findings are discussed in the context of South African national policies relating to HIV and AIDS. The study is concluded by suggesting that HIV testing must be compulsory for every person who consults in a hospital. Such a policy move could contribute positively in terms of health promotion.
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Reports on the topic "HIV-positive persons"

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Luchters, Stanley, Avina Sarna, Scott Geibel, Matthew Chersich, Paul Munyao, Susan Kaai, Kishorchandra Mandaliya, Naomi Rutenberg, and Marleen Temmerman. Sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive persons receiving ART in Mombasa, Kenya: Longitudinal study findings. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv12.1037.

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Involving youth in the care and support of people affected by HIV and AIDS. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1016.

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Young people in Zambia who were trained to provide care and support to individuals and families affected by AIDS have proven to be a vital resource to their communities. In a country where adult HIV prevalence is 13 percent among males and 18 percent among females, communities are seeking new ways of helping those infected and affected by the disease. As the needs of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLHA) and orphans and vulnerable children continue to escalate, results from an intervention study by the Horizons Program, in partnership with Care International and Family Health Trust, provide a promising picture of young peoples’ potential to contribute to community-based care and support activities. The study also indicates that involving young people in the care and support of persons affected by HIV and AIDS may have a positive effect on their adoption of protective behaviors. As noted in this brief, this quasi-experimental intervention study sought to determine which care and support needs of PLHA and their families can be met by trained youth and to establish whether youth engaged in formalized care and support activities would increase their adoption of protective behaviors.
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