Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention"

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Chesney, M. A. "Prevention of HIV and STD Infections." Preventive Medicine 23, no. 5 (September 1994): 655–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1994.1109.

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Gisselquist, D. "Denialism undermines AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 10 (October 2008): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008180.

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Some denialists, widely reviled, contend that HIV does not cause AIDS. Other denialists, widely respected, contend that HIV transmits so poorly through trace blood exposures that iatrogenic infections are rare. This second group of denialists has had a corrosive effect on public health and HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Guided by this second group of denialists, no African government has investigated unexplained HIV infections. Denialists have withheld and ignored research findings showing that non-sexual risks account for substantial proportions of HIV infections in Africa. Denialists have promoted invasive procedures for HIV prevention in Africa – injections for sexually transmitted infections, and adult male circumcision – without addressing unreliable sterilization of reused instruments. By denying that health care causes more than rare infections, denialists blame (stigmatize) HIV-positive African adults for causing their own infections through sexual behaviour. Denialism must be overcome to ensure safe health care and to combat HIV-related stigma in Africa.
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Wilson, Mary E. "Infections in HIV-infected Travelers: Risks and Prevention." Annals of Internal Medicine 114, no. 7 (April 1, 1991): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-114-7-582.

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O'Farrell, Nigel. "Control of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention." Lancet 372, no. 9646 (October 2008): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61540-8.

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White, Richard, Connie Celum, Judith Wasserheit, Sevgi Aral, and Richard Hayes. "Control of sexually transmitted infections for HIV prevention." Lancet 372, no. 9646 (October 2008): 1297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(08)61541-x.

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Busch, Michael P., Evan M. Bloch, and Steven Kleinman. "Prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections." Blood 133, no. 17 (April 25, 2019): 1854–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-11-833996.

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Abstract Since the 1970s, introduction of serological assays targeting virus-specific antibodies and antigens has been effective in identifying blood donations infected with the classic transfusion-transmitted infectious agents (TTIs; hepatitis B virus [HBV], HIV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II, hepatitis C virus [HCV]). Subsequently, progressive implementation of nucleic acid–amplification technology (NAT) screening for HIV, HCV, and HBV has reduced the residual risk of infectious-window-period donations, such that per unit risks are <1 in 1 000 000 in the United States, other high-income countries, and in high-incidence regions performing NAT. NAT screening has emerged as the preferred option for detection of newer TTIs including West Nile virus, Zika virus (ZIKV), and Babesia microti. Although there is continual need to monitor current risks due to established TTI, ongoing challenges in blood safety relate primarily to surveillance for emerging agents coupled with development of rapid response mechanisms when such agents are identified. Recent progress in development and implementation of pathogen-reduction technologies (PRTs) provide the opportunity for proactive rather than reactive response to blood-safety threats. Risk-based decision-making tools and cost-effectiveness models have proved useful to quantify infectious risks and place new interventions in context. However, as evidenced by the 2015 to 2017 ZIKV pandemic, a level of tolerable risk has yet to be defined in such a way that conflicting factors (eg, theoretical recipient risk, blood availability, cost, and commercial interests) can be reconciled. A unified approach to TTIs is needed, whereby novel tests and PRTs replace, rather than add to, existing interventions, thereby ameliorating cost and logistical burden to blood centers and hospitals.
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Godfrey-Faussett, Peter, Luisa Frescura, Quarraisha Abdool-Karim, Michaela Clayton, and Peter D. Ghys. "HIV prevention for the next decade: Appropriate, person-centred, prioritised, effective, combination prevention." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 9 (September 26, 2022): e1004102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004102.

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UNAIDS and a broad range of partners have collaborated to establish a new set of HIV prevention targets to be achieved by 2025 as an intermediate step towards the sustainable development target for 2030. The number of new HIV infections in the world continues to decline, in part due to the extraordinary expansion of effective HIV treatment. However, the decline is geographically heterogeneous, with some regions reporting a rise in incidence. The incidence target that was agreed for 2020 has been missed. A range of exciting new HIV prevention technologies have become available or are in the pipeline but will only have an impact if they are accessible and affordable and delivered within systems that take full account of the social and political context in which most infections occur. Most new infections occur in populations that are marginalised or discriminated against due to structural, legal, and cultural barriers. The new targets imply a new approach to HIV prevention that emphasises appropriate, person-centred, prioritised, effective, combination HIV prevention within a framework that reduces existing barriers to services and acknowledges heterogeneity, autonomy, and choice. These targets have consequences for people working in HIV programmes both for delivery and for monitoring and evaluation, for health planners setting local and national priorities, and for funders both domestic and global. Most importantly, they have consequences for people who are at risk of HIV exposure and infection. Achieving these targets will have a huge impact on the future of the HIV epidemic and put us back on track towards ending AIDS as a public health threat by 2030.
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DUFF, PATRICK. "Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in Women With HIV Infection." Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology 62, no. 4 (December 2019): 816–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/grf.0000000000000483.

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Latkovic, Marina. "Prevention of viral infection transmission in dental practice." Serbian Dental Journal 61, no. 4 (2014): 210–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1404210l.

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The risk of transmission of viral infections in dentistry has caused great public fear both among patients and dentists. This is primarily related to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis viruses (HBV and HCV), which can cause many complications. This problem is particularly important in dental practice where the appropriate protection during all dental procedures is required. The application of preventive measures against blood-borne infections (HIV, HBV and HCV) may prevent transmission of these infectious agents during dental intervention. The aim of this study was to emphasize possible ways of transmission and advise prevention and protection measures against HIV, HBV and HCV infections in dental practice.
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Sargsjane, Jeļena. "PUBLIC AWARENESS ABOUT HIV PREVENTION MEASURES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 4 (May 25, 2018): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2018vol1.3414.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which, when progressing, develops as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), has been known worldwide for over 30 years. It is one of the greatest epidemics that mankind has ever encountered. The number of HIV infections also increases in Latvia each year, as evidenced by official data from the Center for Disease Prevention and Control. In turn, information on infection with AIDS mechanisms, prevention measures is readily available in the mass media, medical institutions, etc. It also determined the purpose of the study - is the public well informed about HIV infection and its preventive measures?
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention"

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Hou, Wei Wei. "Effectiveness of HIV preventive intervention programs in China: a systematic review of most recentevidences." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46937183.

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Guo, Jia, and 郭佳. "Distinct vaccine-induced antibody responses and bispecific neutralizing immunoadhesins against SIV/HIV infection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196479.

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Our research laboratory has recently reported that mucosal priming with a replicating modified vaccinia Tiantan virus (MVTTgpe)-based vaccine elicits durable protection against pathogenic SIVmac239 infection in rhesus monkeys. However, the protective role of vaccine-elicited antibody responses remains poorly understood. Here, a novel yeast surface displayed (YSD) antigen library was established to quantitatively map the antigenic determinants presented by MVTTgpe-based and control vaccines as well as by SIVmac239 infection. The YSD-library allows the mapping of linear and some conformational epitopes as a major technical innovation, as validated by testing SIV-specific mAbs KK65, KK8 and VM-18S. While eight antigenic domains are characterized covering the entire SIVmac239 gp160, the MVTTgpe/Ad5gpe regimen uniquely induces antibody responses against a distinct major antigenic determinant (MAD) in V2 region as compared with the Ad5gpe/Ad5gpe vaccination and SIV infection. This MAD is associated with a higher titer of anti-V2 antibody responses, which inversely correlates with peak viral load. Unexpectedly, the MVTTgpe/Ad5gpe vaccine- challenge. The results showed that instead of recalling B cell memory response to V2, viral infection presents a distinct set of antigenic determinants with anti-V1V2 antibodies primarily directed to V1 region. Moreover, the anti-V1V2 antibody responses disappear in two infected macaques after they enter the stage of simian AIDS. SIVmac239 infection, therefore, can modulate vaccine-elicited B cell immunity by diminishing anti-V2 antibody memory responses in rhesus monkeys. These findings implicated that vaccine efforts with focus on V2 region would require periodic vaccinations to maintain a long-lasting high level of antibody responses for protection. In the absence of an effective vaccine for eliciting HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), passive immunization with bNAbs or Ab-like agents (e.g. immunoadhesin) becomes an attractive alternative for HIV-1 prevention. In this study, we aimed to design, optimize and produce secretory immunoadhesins (IAs) based on gene engineering of existing HIV-1 specific bNAbs for potency and production improvements. IAs are chimeric, antibody-like molecules that combine the functional domain of bNAb with immunoglobulin constant domains, including the hinge and Fc regions. We found that the modified secretory IAs not only preserved the neutralization activity of the parental bNAbs, but also had enhanced expression and smaller molecular size that is suitable for antibody gene-based in vivo delivery. Furthermore, we defined the synergistic effects of five IAs against HIV-1 infection and subsequently engineered two types of bi-specific IAs by combining the functional domains of Hu5A8, a humanized anti-CD4 antibody, and the bNAb PGT128. Significantly, one of the bi-specific IA, namely Bi-IA-Mono, neutralized 100% of the 33 viruses tested, including the transmitted/founder viruses and viruses resistant to both parental IAs. The remarkably enhanced neutralization activity of Bi-IA-Mono, either in potency and breadth, indicated the great potential of modified bi-specific IA to provide complete or nearly complete protection against major HIV-1 subtypes. Overall, our results demonstrated that the engineering of IA and bi-specific IA is an attractive way to improve anti-HIV-1 properties of existing bNAbs, which have significant implications for antibody-based prophylactics in blocking diverse HIV-1 transmissions and infections.
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Chigali, George M. "Assessment of the factors associated with HIV risk behaviours amongst women in Livingstone, Southern Province, Zambia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2551_1189600940.

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The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with HIV risk behaviours in women in Livingstone, Zambia. A cross-sectional analytical survey using a structured questionnaire was carried out in two sites in Livingstone, which were selected on the basis of differences in socio-economic status. Married women and women in the urban community are at high risk of contracting HIV and every effort should be made to ensure that HIV/AIDS programmes help to reduce their vulnerability to HIV infection.

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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.

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Cunningham, Nancy Mae. "An assessment of the HIV prevention needs of injection drug users in Montana." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03292007-102609/.

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Keen, Barbara. "The role of parents in HIV/AIDS primary prevention education /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmk26.pdf.

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Wang, Ya-Chien. "A systematic evaluation of culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS prevention interventions in the US, 1996--2007." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Ailing, Wang Luechai Sringernyuang. "Uses of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV Services : a study of HIV-positive women in Yining, Xinjiang, China /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737914.pdf.

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Lufuluabo, Ngeleka Albert. "Role of contraception in HIV prevention." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79936.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reproductive health of people living with HIV/AIDS is a significant public health issue because of its associated risks of HIV transmission to both, the baby and the sexual partner. Provision of effective contraceptive to HIV-positive women is a proven prevention strategy, and can help prevent unintended pregnancy and other sexually transmitted infections. Unmet need for contraception in developing world and rates of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV remain highly prevalent. The objectives of this study were to identify the current knowledge of HIV-positive women on existing contraceptive methods, determine their current contraceptive practices, identify barriers to contraception use, and provide recommendations on how contraception uptake can be improved among these women in Kasane. A cross-sectional study using qualitative technique was used among twenty five (25) participants at Kasane Primary Hospital. In-depth interviews were conducted with the help of research assistants for data collection. Excel Microsoft Office Software was used for socio-demographics data entry and analysis, and qualitative data were analysed manually using descriptive statistics. Main reasons for low uptake of contraception were desire for children, partner refusal, side effects, and socio-cultural and religious factors. Contraception prevalence was 56 % and condom was the most used contraceptive method (36%). whereas the rate of unintended pregnancies was 60% . Knowledge of contraception was high (100%) but limited proportion of participants (12%) had an expended understanding of contraception as a HIV prevention strategy. Most women living with HIV prefer to space, limit or stop childbearing but do not use any contraceptive method and found themselves with unintended pregnancy. Despite the good knowledge about contraception among participants, the uptake remained low. About half (44%) of the women interviewed were not on any contraceptive method. The choice to use contraception interferes with many factors and the desire to fulfil the primary reproductive intention of men and women, including those living with HIV, mostly override this choice. There is need for a strategic integrated approach that conveys HIV prevention messages and discusses the importance of planning a pregnancy. Thus promoting dual protection among women living with HIV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voortplantingsgesondheid van mense wat met MIV/vigs leef, is ‘n belangrike openbaregesondheidskwessie, aangesien voortplantingsgesondheid verband hou met die gevaar van MIV-oordrag na babas sowel as seksmaats. Daar is al bewys dat ander seksueel oordraagbare siektes sowel as onbeplande swangerskappe voorkom word as doeltreffende voorbehoedmiddels verskaf word aan vroue wat MIV-positief is. Dit behoefte aan voorbehoeding in ontwikkelende lande bly egter baie dikwels agterweë, en ‘n groot persentasie vroue wat met MIV leef, raak onbepland swanger. Die doel met hierdie ondersoek is om vas te stel wat vroue wat MIV-positief is, tans oor bestaande voorbehoeding weet, watter voorbehoedingsmetodes hulle tans gebruik en watter struikelblokke daar vir die gebruik van voorbehoeding is, en om voorstelle te maak oor hoe ʼn groter persentasie van hierdie vroue in Kasane oortuig kan word om voorbehoedmiddels te gebruik. ‘n Deursnee-studie wat met behulp van kwalitatiewe tegnieke by die Kasane Primêre Hospitaal uitgevoer is, het vyf en twintig (25) deelnemers betrek. Met die hulp van navorsingsassistente is diepte-onderhoude gevoer om inligting in te samel. Microsoft Office se Excel-sagteware is gebruik om sosio-demografiese inligting in te voer en te ontleed, en kwalitatiewe inligting is met verwysing na beskrywende statistiek met die hand ontleed. Die vernaamste redes vir die trae gebruik van voorbehoeding was die begeerte na ‘n kind, die teenstand van seksmaats, die newe-effekte, en sosio-kulturele en godsdienstige oorwegings. Daar is bevind dat 56% van die deelnemers voorbehoeding gebruik, dat kondome die algemeenste voorbehoedmiddel is (36%) en dat 60% van alle swangerskappe ongewens was. Die deelnemers was almal oor voorbehoeding ingelig (100%), maar slegs ‘n klein persentasie (12%) het ook geweet dat voorbehoedmiddels ‘n voorkomingstrategie vir MIV-infeksie is. Die meeste vroue wat met MIV leef, verkies om swangerskappe te versprei, te beperk of te verhoed, maar gebruik geen voorbehoedmiddels nie en het dus onbepland swanger geraak. Hoewel die deelnemers goed ingelig was oor voorbehoeding, het min van hulle dit gebruik. Ongeveer die helfte (44%) van die vroue met wie onderhoude gevoer is, het geen voorbehoeding gebruik nie. Die keuse om ‘n voorbehoedmiddel te gebruik, word beïnvloed talle ander faktore, en mans en vroue se primêre begeerte om voort te plant – ook al leef hulle met MIV – weeg gewoonlik swaarder as hierdie keuse. Daar is ‘n behoefte aan ‘n strategiese, geïntegreerde benadering wat boodskappe oor MIV-voorkoming oordra en wat tuisbring hoe belangrik dit is om swangerskappe te beplan. Sodoende sal vroue wat met MIV leef, tweedoelige beskerming kry.
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Jusayo, Nomonde. "Factors affecting the utilisation of a workplace voluntary counselling and testing programme in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010273.

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The world has entered the third decade of the HIV and AIDS epidemic under different times in which the epidemic is treatable. The International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2005) declares HIV and AIDS a developmental crisis destroying developmental gains over generations. Since HIV and AIDS affect the most productive segment of the labour force, it is therefore not only a threat to development but also to the world of work without which development will be sacrificed (ILO, 2001). Collaborative response efforts that seek to mitigate the HIV pandemic by government, business and higher education institutions have been fraught with challenges. The main challenge that beset these efforts is that, in the absence of an HIV vaccine, voluntary counselling and testing remains the gateway to access treatment and care. Regrettably, participation in VCT has been confronted by challenges of low utilisation. This precedes the objectives of this study, which were to explore and describe factors that serve as barriers and facilitators of workplace VCT programmes with the objective to improve participation in these programmes. The current study was a product of a qualitative and exploratory-descriptive research design. A nonprobability convenience sampling method was used to sample participants for this study. The targeted population in this study were the non-academic employees of an academic institution in the Eastern Cape. Data was collected by means of focus group discussions and by using semi-structured interviews. The focus group samples comprised of an equal number of men and women with an overall participation of fifty-six participants. Data obtained was transcribed, thematically analysed and coded using Henning, Van Rensburg, and Smit's (2004) qualitative analysis and interpretation method. Findings of this research revealed that factors that facilitate and inhibit voluntary counselling and testing are psychosocial and cultural by nature. At psychosocial level, participants reported factors that facilitate voluntary counselling and testing to include psychological readiness to go for HIV testing, reassurances of confidentiality of HIV test results and normalising HIV testing (making the process more like that for screening and diagnostic testing). Cultural factors included cultural practices and beliefs such as "intonjane" and traditional circumcision - positive cultural nurturers that could facilitate VCT participation. Results of this study showed a lack of basic knowledge about VCT and fear of knowing one's status, fear of breach of confidentiality, fear of being stigmatised and a lack of trust towards health professional as the major psychosocial factors that serve as barriers to VCT participation. The cultural barriers to VCT pointed to hegemonic masculinity as a socially constructed gender identity that encourages gender inequalities and undermines efforts to improve HIV testing. The study suggested that strategies to increase VCT participation should consider leadership support of VCT programmes, incentivisation of VCT programmes, institutionalisation of HIV and AIDS education and the establishment of integrated wellness services for employees.
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Books on the topic "HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention"

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Stang, Lucas. HIV prevention. Santa Cruz, Calif: ETR Associates, 1994.

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Homasi, Stephen Mafoa Kaimoko. HIV/AIDS and other STIs in Tuvalu, South Pacific. Tuvalu?]: [Stephen Mafoa Kaimoko Homasi], 2007.

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Tuvalu National AIDS Committee. UNGASS 2008 country progress report: Tuvalu : reporting period, January 2006-December 2007. [Tuvalu]: Tuvalu National AIDS Committee, 2008.

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Committee, Tuvalu National AIDS. UNGASS 2008 country progress report: Tuvalu : reporting period, January 2006-December 2007. [Tuvalu]: Tuvalu National AIDS Committee, 2008.

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Services, Montana Dept of Public Health and Human. HIV/STD prevention voices. Helena, MT: STD/HIV Prevention Section, DPHHS, 2007.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. HIV prevention: A comprehensive approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.

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San Francisco (Calif.). HIV Prevention Planning Council. San Francisco HIV prevention plan. [San Francisco, Calif.]: The Council, 1994.

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Cordes, Penelope M. Report to the Alaska HIV Prevention Planning Group: Consumer focus groups on HIV prevention needs. [Anchorage, AK]: AIDS/STD Program, 1995.

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National AIDS Control Council (Kenya). Kenya HIV prevention revolution road map: Count down to 2030 : HIV prevention everyone's business. [Nairobi]: National AIDS Control Council, 2014.

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HIV: From biology to prevention and treatment. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention"

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Ravanfar, Parisa, Natalia Mendoza, Anita K. Shetty, Rosella Creed, and Stephen K. Tyring. "HIV Prevention." In Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 703–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14663-3_53.

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Estermann, J. C., H. G. Maxeiner, R. Bunikowski, K. O. Habermehl, and M. A. Koch. "HIV Infections in the Federal Republic of Germany." In Assessing AIDS Prevention, 123–27. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7211-9_12.

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Burnside, Helen, and Cornelis A. Rietmeijer. "Behavioral Interventions for Prevention in HIV Care." In Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Special Populations, 39–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56694-8_2.

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Adimora, Adaora A., and Victor J. Schoenbach. "Social Determinants of Sexual Networks, Partnership Formation, and Sexually Transmitted Infections." In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 13–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_2.

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Fortenberry, J. Dennis, and Devon J. Hensel. "Adolescent Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Conceptual and Empirical Demonstration." In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 293–305. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_15.

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Caraël, Michel, and Judith R. Glynn. "HIV Infection in Young Adults in Africa: Context, Risks, and Opportunities for Prevention." In HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa, 123–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_7.

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Jolly, Ann M., and John L. Wylie. "Sexual Networks and Sexually Transmitted Infections; “The Strength of Weak (Long Distance) Ties”." In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 77–109. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_5.

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Brickman, Cristina Elena, and Joel Palefsky. "Prevention of Complications from Human Papillomavirus Infection in the HIV-Infected Individual." In Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Special Populations, 141–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56694-8_8.

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Hart, Mary Kate, Thomas J. Palker, and Barton F. Haynes. "Design of Experimental Synthetic Peptide Immunogens for Prevention of HIV-1 and HTLV-I Retroviral Infections." In Vaccine Design, 821–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_37.

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Gisselquist, David. "Randomized Controlled Trials for HIV/AIDS Prevention Among Men in Africa: Untraced Infections, Unasked Questions, and Unreported Data." In Genital Cutting: Protecting Children from Medical, Cultural, and Religious Infringements, 243–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6407-1_16.

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Conference papers on the topic "HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention"

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Naidoo, J., N. Samsunder, K. Govender, R. Noble, N. Ngubane, N. Naicker, A. Mindel, et al. "P3.109 Point-of-care testing for sexually transmitted infections in hiv prevention trials." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.344.

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Mariz, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho, Luiza de Lima Pereir, Pâmela Araújo da Silva, Izabela Junqueira Magalhães, Cristhiane Campos Marques de Oliveira, Marihá Thaís Trombetta, Daniel Martins Borges, Alvaro Macedo de Carvalho, and Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Priority populations on Brazilian HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p125.

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Introduction: According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, priority populations are composed of adolescents and young adults, people of color, homeless people, and indigenous communities and fragile groups that are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Contrary to the global downward trend in the number of new HIV cases, the Brazilian priority groups show increasing rates. Therefore, the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention and informational campaigns focused on these groups is important. Objective: This study aims to perform a documental research on the national HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns to determine which ones focused on priority populations. Methods: This analysis was based on data from publicity pieces of HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns from 1998 to 2020. The search and examination of these campaigns were conducted on the Brazilian Department of Chronic Conditions Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Ministry of Health website. Results: From a total of 85 promoted campaigns in the period, only 9 had the adolescent and young adult population as the target audience, despite the increase in AIDS detection rate in these groups. Furthermore, none of them focused on the other priority groups nor presented information about combination HIV prevention. Conclusion: The data evidence the need for elaborating more HIV/ AIDS prevention campaigns to reach priority populations. Actions aiming to inform and protect these groups, as well as making prevention and treatment methods easily accessible, are key for fighting HIV/AIDS spread and ensuring a healthy future.
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Bavinton, Benjamin, Stefanie Vaccher, Martin Holt, Rebecca Guy, Garrett Prestage, Fengyi Jin, Janaki Amin, et al. "P435 Use of condoms for the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.521.

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Oliveira, Cristhiane Campos Marques de, Marihá Thaís Trombeta, Alvaro Macedo de Carvalho, Daniel Martins Borges, Izabela Junqueira Magalhães, Luiza de Lima Pereira, Pâmela Araújo da Silva, Thays da Silva Queiroz, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho Mariz, and Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Sexually transmitted infection campaigns focusing on key populations promoted by the Ministry of Health." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p218.

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Introduction: According to the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for the management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, it is necessary to stimulate combined prevention in addition to advertising campaigns aimed at reaching key population. These include gays and other men who have sex with men (MSM), people who use alcohol and other drugs, people deprived of their liberty, sex workers, and transgender people. The goal of this strategy is an effective promotion of sexual health facing the HIV epidemic. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess STI prevention and communication campaigns aimed on the aforementioned key populations through documentary research in Brazil. Methods: This analysis was based on data from advertising pieces of national HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns carried out between 1998 and 2020. The search for these advertising pieces was carried out at the National Department for the Surveillance, Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis, on the Ministry of Health website. Results: During the period, 64 STI/HIV/AIDS campaigns were performed and only nine were aimed at gays and other MSM, sex workers, and transgender people. Between 1998 and 2001, there were no campaigns for this audience, the last one being held in 2015. Thus, it was observed there were no campaigns for the past 6 years aimed at this vulnerable population. Conclusion: There is a lack of STI campaigns that target key population despite their high-risk behavior. As a result, there is less information reaching these individuals, which leads to a deficient health education and is unable to interrupt the chain of transmission not only of HIV but also of other STIs.
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Van Den Berg, Jacob, John Barnhart, Benjamin Grin, Don Operario, Philip Chan, and Beth Bock. "Social Media Use and Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections among At-Risk College Students in the United States." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2020.468.

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Hamplová, Lidmila, Soňa Jexová, Veronika Pišová, and Petr Hulinský. "Application of the brief intervention method in prevention of HIV/AIDS spread - 6 years of project implementation." In Život ve zdraví 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0076-2021-5.

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The National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018- 2022 is a strategic document for combating the spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections in the Czech Republic. The activities of the programme are funded by the Czech Republic’s Ministry of Health’s subsidy programmed called the National Programme on HIV AIDS. The target population groups of the programme are not only persons at high risk of HIV/AIDS infection due to risky sexual behaviour, but also adolescents, teenagers, and other persons of reproductive age with a lower level of health literacy. One possibility that could increase their level of knowledge is the short intervention method, which is also applicable in the field of prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. The aim and purpose of the brief intervention method recommended by the WHO is to increase the health literacy of the intervened persons, eliminate their risky behaviour and promote their reproductive health. Reducing the incidence of HIV-positive persons in the population brings significant financial savings in terms of reduced treatment costs for both HIV-positive patients and especially those with advanced AIDS. The application of the brief intervention method in the field of prevention of HIV/AIDS and other STIs was the essence of the 6-year project conducted by the University of Health Sciences in health care facilities across the Czech Republic. Patients were privately familiarised with the content of educational cards and were offered the opportunity for a closer consultation on the topic. After the education, the effectiveness of the intervention was evaluated by a short questionnaire. 5,146 people of reproductive age were intervened in more than 150 health care facilities across the country during the implementation of the 6-year project. A total of 1,347 patients (26%) reported that their loved ones were not adequately protected from HIV/AIDS and other STIs. Only 56% of the male and 66% of the female respondents reported that they had ever spoken to their loved ones about STI prevention. After the education, 56% of the 89 reproductive-age interveners requested copies of the education cards for their loved ones. Increased health literacy due to education was more often acknowledged by women than men, and especially by those in the 15-25 age group, where 74% of those in this age group who intervened confirmed increased health literacy. Women (75%) were more likely than men to believe that their loved ones were not adequately protecting themselves from STIs. Patients with lower levels of education were more likely to admit an increase in health literacy than those with university education (64%). 71% of patients with only primary education, completed at fifteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. 70% or patients who finished their schooling after secondary education, completed at eighteen years old in the Czech Republic, said their health literacy had increased. Over the course of 6 years, more than 5,000 people of reproductive age were educated in the project. The health care environment in which the interventions were implemented contributed significantly to the success of the brief intervention method. The realisation of the project by the College of Health contributed to the implementation of the National Programme for Addressing HIV/AIDS in the Czech Republic 2018-2022 and at the same time the National Action Plan, entitled Development of Health Literacy.
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Dias, Luis Regagnan, Cristhiane Campos Marques de Oliveira, Nicole Nogueira Cardoso, Adriany Brito Sousa, Marcos Filipe Bueno Langkamer, Carolina Barbosa Carvalho do Carmo, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho Mariz, and Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Students’ knowledge of Counseling and Testing Centers at a University in Southwest Goiás." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p186.

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Introduction: The Counseling and Testing Centers (CTC) provide public services aimed at the general population, offering access to serological tests for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and various forms of prevention, from the distribution of male condoms to confidential, individual, and anonymous counseling. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of university students about CTC in the Southwest of the state of Goiás, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study with a descriptive quantitative approach based on information collected through an online form. Results: The sample consisted of 120 students, of which 64 (53.3%) are white, 84 (70%) are women, 107 (89.2%) are single, and 88 (73.3%) are from health sciences courses. Sixty-six (55%) participants reported not knowing the CTC and only 7 (5.8%) attended a service at any time in their lives. About the services offered, 70 (58.3%) knew about the free offer of STI tests and 66 (55%) were unaware that the CTC offers individualized prevention strategies. Regarding the medical request, 76 (63.3%) students were unaware that there is no need and 79 (65.8%) were unaware that transvestites and transsexuals can use the social name. After answering the form, 107 (89.1%) participants agreed to seek assistance at the CTC eventually, if needed. Conclusion: The majority of students are white, women, single, from the health area, and unaware of the service and activities performed by the CTC. Thus, the study revealed a situation of clear ignorance of university students about CTC in the Southwest of Goiás, demonstrating the need to publicize the service aiming to increase the demand for care in the region.
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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.

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Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.
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Reports on the topic "HIV infections Tuvalu Prevention"

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Erling, Norrby, and Eva M. Fenyo. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections: Strain and Type Variations; Diagnosis and Prevention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237815.

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Elias, Christopher J., and Lori L. Heise. The development of microbicides: A new method of HIV prevention for women. Population Council, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv1993.1001.

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A critical review of current epidemiological trends and social science research demonstrates that there is an urgent need for expanding the range of female-controlled HIV prevention methods. Existing efforts to control the spread of HIV infection primarily through the encouragement of a reduction in the number of sexual partners, widespread condom promotion, and the control of other sexually transmitted infections are inadequate for many of the world's women. Underlying gender power inequities severely limit the ability of many women to protect themselves from HIV infection, especially in the absence of a prevention technology they can use, when necessary, without their partner's consent. Current understanding of biology suggests that developing such methods is a feasible and potentially cost-effective endeavor. This paper describes the growing risk of HIV infection faced by women throughout the world, examines the limitation of contemporary AIDS prevention strategy in meeting the needs of women, reviews the existing data on female-controlled HIV prevention methods, and outlines the challenges for future microbicide development.
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Reproductive tract infections: A guide for programme managers. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2001.1026.

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Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) including sexually transmitted infections represent a silent worldwide pandemic that adversely impacts the reproductive health (RH) of women and men. Various community- and hospital-based studies in India have provided insights into the magnitude of the problem. The International Conference on Population and Development (1994) emphasized integration of RH services to meet the needs of men and women especially with prevention and management of RTIs/STIs. The emergence of HIV and the identification of STIs as a risk factor for the spread of HIV have further lent a sense of urgency for a programmatic response to address this public health problem. Programmatic evidence from developing countries indicates that integration of RTI/STI prevention and management with existing health services is both feasible and cost effective. The National Population Policy 2000 also highlights the need for programs that include provision of RTI/STI and HIV/AIDS prevention, screening, and management in RH care settings. This report reviews global and regional experiences and provides strategic directions likely to be the most effective in addressing these problems in India.
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Patterns and implications of male migration for HIV prevention strategies in Maharashtra, India. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1003.

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Maharashtra was one of the first states to be affected by HIV in India. Results from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) in 2005–06 indicate that 0.62 percent of men and women aged 15–49 years were infected with HIV, as compared to the national average of 0.28 percent. HIV sentinel surveillance data from sites across Maharashtra indicate that 1.3 percent of pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) and 10.4 percent of patients receiving treatment for sexually transmitted infections in 2005 were infected with HIV. At the same time, Maharashtra ranks first nationally in the proportion of total migrants, and there is a growing consensus among policymakers and program managers that migration could be a major contributor in the spread of HIV in the state. However, empirical evidence to support or refute this conjecture is limited. To address this research gap, the Population Council studied the patterns and motivations related to the migration of male laborers and their linkages with HIV risk. The purpose of the research, as stated in this brief, was to document patterns of male migration and determine whether there was a relationship between migration and HIV prevalence.
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Kenya: Identifying RTIs remain problematic: Prevention is essential. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1015.

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Since 1990, the Nakuru Municipal Council (Kenya) has implemented a multifaceted program to reduce the incidence of reproductive tract infections (RTIs), especially those that are sexually transmitted, including HIV/AIDS. Staff in the Council’s five health clinics use syndromic management guidelines, based on clients’ reported symptoms and clinical signs, to identify clients with RTIs. In 1998, the Population Council conducted a study to assess the accuracy of syndromic management and determine the best ways to integrate RTI management into existing antenatal (ANC) and family planning (FP) services. After an assessment of existing RTI services, 18 nurses from the five municipal clinics attended a three-day refresher course in syndromic management. As noted in this brief, more than half of the FP and ANC clients in Nakura had one or more RTIs, and roughly one-third of these infections were sexually transmitted. Using syndromic management algorithms based on reported symptoms, providers correctly classified only 5–16 percent of women who later tested positive with laboratory results. Given the limitations of syndromic management, programs need to stress prevention of sexually transmitted infections.
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Evaluation of United Nations-supported pilot projects for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: Overview of findings. Population Council, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv2003.1008.

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Worldwide about 800,000 children a year get HIV infections from their mothers—either during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding. Countries have the potential to prevent a large share of these infections through low-cost, effective interventions. UN agencies have taken the lead in helping developing countries mount programs for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). This working paper presents key findings from an evaluation of UN-supported pilot PMTCT projects in 11 countries: Botswana, Burundi, Cote d’Ivoire, Honduras, India, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Key findings include feasibility and coverage, factors contributing to program coverage, program challenges, scaling up, the special case of low-prevalence countries, and recommendations. The pilot experience has shown that introducing PMTCT programs into antenatal care in a wide variety of settings is feasible and acceptable to a significant proportion of antenatal care clients who have a demand for HIV information, counseling, and testing. As they go to scale, PMTCT programs can learn from the pilot phase, during which hundreds of thousands of clients were successfully reached.
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Reproductive tract infections: A set of factsheets. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1999.1015.

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Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are being increasingly recognized as a serious global health problem with impact on individual women and men, and their families and communities. RTIs can have severe consequences, including infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, miscarriage, and increased risk of HIV transmission. For effective prevention and management of RTIs, accurate information is necessary and should be widely available. In addition to a brief introduction to RTIs, this document contains 13 factsheets addressing medical and social issues on a variety of topics related to RTIs. The document, produced by the Population Council with support from the Ford Foundation, aims to present up-to-date information related to RTIs in a clear and accessible manner. The factsheets are designed for health promoters, program managers, and service providers, and for anyone else involved in the dissemination of health information.
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Hearing from men in Uganda: Experiences with HIV services and prevention programming, and perceptions of DREAMS—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1001.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined experiences with HIV services and prevention programing among men in Uganda whose partners were enrolled in DREAMS, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership.
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Community approaches and government policy reduce HIV risk in the Dominican Republic. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1003.

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Effective programs that avert new HIV infections among sex workers and their partners, and hence the general population, are critical components of national HIV-prevention strategies. Prevention efforts have frequently relied on interventions that reach members of these vulnerable groups as individuals, such as condom promotion and STI management. Now, many researchers and program implementers are increasingly turning to “environmental-structural” interventions that address the physical, social, and political contexts in which individual behavior takes place. A recent Horizons study conducted jointly with two Dominican NGOs—Centro de Orientación e Investigación Integral and Centro de Promoción e Solidaridad Humana—and the National Program for the Control of STDs and AIDS assessed the impact of two environmental-structural models in reducing HIV-related risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic and compared their cost-effectiveness. As detailed in this brief, the models, built on years of experience gained from sex worker peer education programs, drew from the strengths of both community solidarity and government policy initiatives and engaged community members in both program and policy development.
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Hearing from men in Eswatini: Shifts in HIV risk and service uptake—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1000.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined whether and how HIV risk and protective factors are changing among men in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)—a country with a substantial HIV burden. The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership1, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their partners.
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