Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV infections – Treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV infections – Treatment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV infections – Treatment"

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Dickson-Spillmann, Maria, Severin Haug, Ambros Uchtenhagen, Philip Bruggmann, and Michael P. Schaub. "Rates of HIV and Hepatitis Infections in Clients Entering Heroin-Assisted Treatment between 2003 and 2013 and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection." European Addiction Research 22, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441973.

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Background/Aims: We report on the rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in Switzerland from 2003 to 2013. We identify predictors of HCV infection. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires within 2 weeks of clients' first entry into HAT. Prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV was calculated using laboratory test results collected at entry or using reports of older test results. Predictors of HCV status were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Results show stable rates of HIV-positive clients and decreasing proportions of HAV- and HBV-infected clients. In 2013, there were 12% (n = 8) HIV-, 20% (n = 12) HAV-, 20% (n = 12) HBV- and 52% HCV- (n = 34) positive clients. Vaccination against HAV and HBV had become more frequent. Predictors of positive HCV status included older age, female gender, earlier year of entry, having spent 1 month or more in detention or prison, use of injected heroin and more years of intravenous use. Conclusion: Our results highlight the fact that efforts to prevent and test for infections and to promote vaccination against HAV and HBV in heroin users need to be continued.
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Guo, Fuying, and Lingzhou Yang. "Research Progress on HIV/AIDS with Concomitant Hepatitis B Virus and/or Hepatitis C Virus Infection." Infection International 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0099.

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Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) involve similar transmission routes, namely, blood, sexual contact, and mother-baby contact. Therefore, HIV infection is usually accompanied by HBV and HCV infections. This observation poses a great challenge to the prevention and treatment of HIV/human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) accompanied by HBV and HCV infection. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been extensively applied. Hence, liverrelated diseases have become the main causes of complication and death in HIV-infected individuals. This paper summarizes the current epidemiology, mutual influence, and treatment of HIV/AIDS accompanied by HBV or HCV infection.
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Seyoum, Eleni, Meaza Demissie, Alemayehu Worku, Andargachew Mulu, Alemseged Abdissa, and Yemane Berhane. "HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus co-infection among HIV positives in antiretroviral treatment program in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa: A retrospective cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 22, 2022): e0267230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0267230.

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Introduction HIV co-infection with hepatitis B (HIV-HBV) and hepatitis C (HIV-HCV) is known to affect treatment outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, its magnitude is not well documented. We aimed to determine the magnitude of HIV-HBV and HIV-HCV co-infections simultaneously in people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolled in ART care in Addis Ababa. Methods We reviewed the medical records of adults ≥15 years who were receiving ART care in three high burden hospitals in Addis Ababa. Baseline clinical and laboratory test results were extracted from medical records. Co-infection was determined based on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) tests obtained from the medical records. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for hepatitis B and C co-infections. Results A total of 873 HIV-positive participants were included in this study. The median age of the participants was 37.5 years, and 55.7% were women. Overall, HIV-HBV co-infection was 5.96% (95% CI: 4.56–7.74), and HIV-HCV co-infection was 1.72% (95% CI: 1.03–2.83). The multivariable logistic regression showed that the male sex was the most independent predictor for viral hepatitis B co-infection with an odds ratio of 2.42(95% CI:1.27–4.63). However, HIV-HCV co-infection did not show a significant association in any of the sociodemographic data of the participants. Conclusion HIV co-infection with hepatitis B was moderately high in individuals enrolled in ART care in Addis Ababa. Men had significantly higher HIV-HBV co-infection. HIV co-infection with hepatitis C was relatively low. Strengthening integrated viral hepatitis services with HIV care and treatment services should be emphasized to improve patient care in health facilities.
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Zhubi, Bukurije, Ymer Mekaj, Zana Baruti, Ilirijane Bunjaku, and Mazllum Belegu. "Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Haemophilia Patients." Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (November 20, 2009): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2009.2777.

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One of the largest therapeutic problem during the continuous treatment of the patients with Hemophilia A and B, are viral infections as Hepatitis B and C, and HIV, and the other infective diseases, which can be transmitted by the transfusion of blood products.The aim of this study is to analyze the complications of the hemophiliacs in Kosovo which have been treated with fresh frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate and concentrated products of FVIII and FIX. We have tested 75 patients with hemophilia A or B and there were used enzyme immunoassay test-Elisa method for the following: anti-HCV HBsAg, HIV and TPHA.The serological data showed that HCV infection was positive in 29 cases or 38,7%, whereas infection with HBV and HIV were present in a smaller percentage of the patients (2,7% HBV and 1,4% for HIV). HCV infection was present only in 9,5% of the cases of the age group under 18 years. Infected hemophiliacs with one or two infective agents were found in 34,7%, respectively 4%. Infection with T. pallidum was present at none of the examined patients with hemophilia. HCV infection was higher in severe forms of hemophilia B (44,4%), compared with severe form of hemophilia A (30%).Based on our results, despite the infrequent application of FVIII and FIX concentrates, and other anti hemophilic preparations used in treating hemophilia patients, the number of infected hemophiliacs with blood-transmittable infectious agents was substantially high, especially with hepatitis C virus.
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Mayanja, Edison, Livingstone S. Luboobi, Juma Kasozi, and Rebecca N. Nsubuga. "Mathematical Modelling of HIV-HCV Co-infection Dynamics in Presence of HIV Therapy." BIOMATH 11, no. 1 (August 11, 2022): 2207158. http://dx.doi.org/10.55630/j.biomath.2022.07.158.

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In this work, we formulated and analysed a deterministic model to study the HIV-HCV co-infection dynamics in presence of HIV therapy. The HCV chronic stage was split into two periods: the period before and the period after onset of cirrhosis. This was done because the HCV chronic stage of infection is long, asymptomatic and infectious. The effective reproduction numbers, one of our outcome measures, were computed using the next generation matrix method. Numerical simulations were performed to support the analytical results from the model. The different parameters in the model were subjected to a sensitivity analysis to determine their relative importance on the HIV-HCV co-infection dynamics. The results indicated that both HIV and HCV infections enhance each other; and in the long run, increasing the rates at which people are put on HIV treatment reduces the prevalence of HCV in the community; however, it increases the prevalence of HIV. Therefore, there should be increased safer sexual behaviour campaigns among individuals on HIV treatment.
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Li, Guangdi, Tingting Yue, Pan Zhang, Weijie Gu, Ling-Jie Gao, and Li Tan. "Drug Discovery of Nucleos(t)ide Antiviral Agents: Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq on Occasion of His 80th Birthday." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040923.

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Nucleoside and nucleotide analogues are essential antivirals in the treatment of infectious diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). To celebrate the 80th birthday of Prof. Dr. Erik De Clercq on 28 March 2021, this review provides an overview of his contributions to eight approved nucleos(t)ide drugs: (i) three adenosine nucleotide analogues, namely tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (Viread®) and tenofovir alafenamide (Vemlidy®) against HIV and HBV infections and adefovir dipivoxil (Hepsera®) against HBV infections; (ii) two thymidine nucleoside analogues, namely brivudine (Zostex®) against HSV-1 and VZV infections and stavudine (Zerit®) against HIV infections; (iii) two guanosine analogues, namely valacyclovir (Valtrex®, Zelitrex®) against HSV and VZV and rabacfosadine (Tanovea®-CA1) for the treatment of lymphoma in dogs; and (iv) one cytidine nucleotide analogue, namely cidofovir (Vistide®) for the treatment of HCMV retinitis in AIDS patients. Although adefovir dipivoxil, stavudine, and cidofovir are virtually discontinued for clinical use, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and tenofovir alafenamide remain the most important antivirals against HIV and HBV infections worldwide. Overall, the broad-spectrum antiviral potential of nucleos(t)ide analogues supports their development to treat or prevent current and emerging infectious diseases worldwide.
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Annison, Lawrence, Henry Hackman, Paulina Franklin Eshun, Sharon Annison, Peter Forson, and Samuel Antwi-Baffour. "Seroprevalence and effect of HBV and HCV co-infections on the immuno-virologic responses of adult HIV-infected persons on anti-retroviral therapy." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 23, 2022): e0278037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278037.

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Chronic hepatitis negatively affects persons living with HIV. While varying in their transmission efficiency, HIV, HBV, and HCV have shared routes of transmission. Available data suggest widely variable rates of HBV and HCV infections in HIV-infected populations across sub-Saharan Africa. With prolonged survival rates due to increased accessibility to antiretroviral drugs, HBV and HCV have the potential to complicate the prognosis of HIV co-infected patients by contributing significantly to continued morbidity and mortality. The study sought to determine the seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections among HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy and to evaluate the effect of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections on the immunologic and virologic responses of patients. A cross-sectional study in which samples were taken from 500 people living with HIV and attending ART clinic at the Fevers unit of the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital and tested for Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV). CD4 cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels were estimated as well. Data generated were analysed using IBM SPSS version 22. The seroprevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections among people living with HIV was 8.4% and 0.2% respectively. HIV/HBV coinfection included 15/42 (35.7%) males and 27/42 (64.3%) females out of which the majority (97.6%) were in the 21–60 years old bracket. HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections have varied effects on the immunological and virological response of HIV patients on ART. The mean CD cell count was 361.0 ± 284.0 in HIV/HBV co-infected patients and 473.8 ± 326.7 in HIV mono-infected patients. The mean HIV-1 RNA level was not significantly different (X2 [df] = .057 [1]; P = .811) among HIV/HBV co-infected patients (Log102.9±2.0 copies/mL), compared to that of HIV mono-infected patients (Log102.8±2.1 copies/mL) although HIV mono-infected patients had lower viral load levels. One-third (14/42) of HIV/HBV co-infected patients had virologic failure and the only HIV/HCV co-infected patient showed viral suppression. 336/500 (67.2%) patients had HIV-1 viral suppression (females [66.1%]; males [33.9%]) while 164/500 (32.8%) had virologic failure (females [67.7%]; males [32.3%]). The mean CD4 count of patients with viral suppression and patients with virologic failure was 541.2 cells/μL (95% CI 508.5–573.8) and 309.9 cell/μL (95% CI 261.9–357.9) respectively.The study concludes that, HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfections do not significantly affect the immunologic and virologic responses of patients who have initiated highly active antiretroviral therapy, and treatment outcomes were better in females than in males. There was no HBV/HCV co-infection among patients.
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TÁVORA, Lara Gurgel Fernandes, Elodie Bomfim HYPPOLITO, José Napoleão Monte da CRUZ, Nyvia Maria Barroso PORTELA, Samuel Montenegro PEREIRA, and Camila Monteiro VERAS. "HEPATITIS B, C AND HIV CO-INFECTIONS SEROPREVALENCE IN A NORTHEAST BRAZILIAN CENTER." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 50, no. 4 (December 2013): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032013000400007.

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ContextThe occurrence of HIV and hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) virus associations is of great concern since co-infected patients respond poorly to antiviral treatment and usually progress to chronic and more complicated hepatic disease. In Brazil, these co-infections prevalence is not well known since published data are few and sometimes demonstrate conflicting results. Also, a significant number of co-infected individuals are HBV/HCV asymptomatic carriers, leading to under notification.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine the prevalence of the HBV and HCV infection in a recently diagnosed HIV population in the state of Ceará/Brazil.MethodsRetrospective cohort, with >18yo patients diagnosed HIV+ from 2008-2010. First year medical attention information was collected.ResultsA total of 1.291 HIV+ patients were included. HBV serologies were collected in 52% (23% had previous hepatitis B, 3.7% were co-infected) and HCV in 25.4% (1.5% had previous hepatitis C, 5.4% co-infection). The majority of HBV/HIV patients referred multiple sexual partners/year, 28% homosexualism and 20% bisexualism. In the HCV/HIV group 38.8% individuals had > one sexual partner/year and 22.2% used intravenous drugs.ConclusionThe study reinforce the need for better training healthcare workers and providing laboratory support for a prompt hepatitis diagnosis and adequate medical management to avoid complications and decrease viral spread.
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Zimina, Vera, Svetlana Degtyareva, Elena Beloborodova, Julia Klimova, and Alexey Kravchenko. "Concurrent treatment of HIV, disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex and HCV-infection." Folia Medica 63, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 586–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.63.e56124.

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Patients with HIV-infection diagnosed at late stages usually have significant immunosuppression and demand simultaneous antiretroviral therapy and treatment of opportunistic infections. The presence of HCV coinfection makes treatment even more challenging because of possible adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. HCV cure in such clinical situations not only prevents fibrosis progression, but can also enhance virologic and/or immunologic response to antiretrovirals and thus effective treatment of opportunistic infections. Thorough consideration of all existing diseases and drug interactions of the combined therapy makes simultaneous treatment of HIV, chronic hepatitis C, and opportunistic infections not only possible but the best way to improve outcomes in a complex clinical situation.
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NAFEES, MUHAMMAD, ISHTIAQ AHMED, and GHAZALA JAFFERI. "JAIL POPULATION." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 04 (December 10, 2011): 697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.04.2681.

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Objective: The infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are common among prisoners but such data are sparse from Pakistan; hence in this study, we evaluated the sero-prevalence of these three infections among Jail inmates. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Central Jail, Lahore. Period: May to November 2009. Methodology: Investigate the seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among the random population of sentenced inmates of Central Jail, Lahore. We examined 3062 jail inmates, 396 of them were females and 2666 males. Majority of the inmates were Pakistani national (97.06 %). All collected blood samples were tested for HIV antibodies, HBsAg, and anti-HCV antibodies with one step chromatographic immunoassay. Results: Seroprevalence rate of HCV, HBV and HIV infections was 15.31%, 3.46 % and 1.79 % respectively. Overall prevalence of these infections in the jail inmates was 20.57 % and 18.77 % of them were positive for markers of viral hepatitis B/C. Conclusions: We evaluated that jail inmates in Pakistan had a high incidence of HCV, HBV and HIV infections. Regular testing is required to identify infected prisoners and refer them for appropriate treatment. In addition, general disease prevention efforts are needed to minimize transmission of these viral infections in this subpopulation, before and after release.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV infections – Treatment"

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Weinberger, Beverley Slome Kloss Jacqueline D. "Posttraumatic stress in adolescents with HIV and its relationship with treatment adherence : the role of health beliefs /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3221.

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Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.

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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.
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Fialho, Renata. "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of hepatitis C treatment in HIV/HCV co-infection." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71260/.

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Hepatitis C (HCV) infection is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Interferon alpha based treatment for HCV offers a good rate of viral clearance, however the associated neuropsychiatric side effects increase the risk of treatment interruption and disease progression. The HIV/HCV coinfection is of particular interest due to association with higher rates of HCV treatment side effects and earlier treatment discontinuation when compared with HCV mono-infection. Therefore, the aim of the thesis was to further explore the effect of coinfection on mood and cognition and how HCV interferon based treatment influences neuropsychiatric side effects in mono and co-infected samples. Firstly a meta-analysis was performed to explore cognitive impairment and depression in HIV HCV co-infection. The results suggested that there was consistent literature indicating that the coinfected group were more cognitively impaired and more likely to be depressed than the HCV and HIV monoinfected groups. Secondly empirical studies were conducted to analyse the profile of depression during interferon-based treatment, and explore potential risk factors, such as gender and immune profile. Co-infected patients appeared less vulnerable to the emergence of depressive symptoms during HCV treatment than HCV mono-infected patients. Additionally, neither female gender nor immune response were associated with increased vulnerability to depression. Finally, a longitudinal study investigating cognitive performance during interferon-based treatment was conducted. A significant effect of treatment on information processing speed level of executive function was observed. Overall the research reported in this thesis further clarifies the nature of interferon induced depression and cognitive effects differences between mono and coinfected groups. Having identified a neurovegetative symptom profile and speed of processing impairment of executive function during HCV treatment, the discussion considers the potential of targeted interventions via psychotropic medication and cognitive interventions to minimise the impact of these treatment effects and optimise outcomes in this clinical group.
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Awotedu, Kofoworola Olajire. "Functional changes of the vasculature in HIV/AIDS patients on Haart and Haart Naïve HIV participants." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/185.

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The present study sought to explore the functional changes that occur in the vasculature of HIV positive participants of African origin in Mthatha district of South africa which might lead to increased risk in their cardiovascular system. Available literature shows that arterial stiffness plays an important role in cardiovascular events such as stroke, vasculitis and myocardial infarction. Measurement of (aortic pulse wave velocity; PWV) provides some of the strongest evidence concerning the prognostic significance of large artery stiffening. This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between anthropometry, age, E-Selectin level, cytokine levels, haemodynamic variables, blood counts and blood lipid profile with pulse wave velocity. Some traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as alcohol, and smoking were also taken into account. This was a cross-sectional study comprising of 169 participants (62 males and 107 females). 63 were HIV negative (group A), 54 HIV positive on treatment (group B), and 52 were HIV positive not on treatment (group C). Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was assessed using the Sphygmocor Vx. Statistically, ANOVA was used for variables with normal distribution and non parametric tests were used for variables with skewed distribution. Notable significant differences were seen in the means of the following variables across all the 3 groups. Conclusion: This study showed that HIV infected patients with or without antiretroviral therapy have increase arterial stiffness which is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. The sphygmocor is an accurate, non invassive and useful tool in the evaluation of arterial stiffness and its use in clinical practice should be encouraged. PWV and the augmentation index (AIx) are the two major non- iv invasive methods of assessing arterial stiffness. Life style modification should be incorporated into the management of HIV patients so as the continuous monitoring of their haematological and lipid profile.
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Moyle, Graeme John. "Treatment of HIV infection with didanosive and foscarnet /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdm938.pdf.

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Taylor, Debra Lynn. "Investigation of different antiviral strategies for the treatment of HIV infections." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260877.

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Mallon, Patrick William Gerard School of Medicine UNSW. "Clinical and molecular aspects of HIV-associated lipodystrophy." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33048.

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HIV-associated lipodystrophy (HIVLD) syndrome is a condition comprising abnormalities in distribution of body fat and metabolism of lipids and glucose that arises in HIV-infected patients on long-term antiretroviral therapy. This thesis describes clinical research into aspects of the natural history and treatment of HIVLD, as well as molecular research into its pathogenesis centred on subcutaneous adipose tissue. Results demonstrate HIVLD to be a treatment-induced syndrome characterised by initial gains in body fat followed by selective, progressive loss of limb fat. Exposure to thymidineanalogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (tNRTI) induces lipoatrophy through mitochondrial dysfunction of which inhibition of mitochondrial RNA expression, rather than mitochondrial DNA depletion, is an early feature. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with decreases in expression of peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor gamma (PPAR??), an adipocyte transcription factor, which helps explain how tNRTI exposure leads to the loss of adipocyte function. Once established, lipoatrophy is characterised by mitochondrial DNA depletion, although this depletion occurs throughout the mitochondrial genome, suggesting an underlying cause other than inhibition of DNA polymerase gamma. HIVLD is a difficult syndrome to treat. Lipoatrophy is resistant to treatment with rosiglitazone, an agonist of PPAR??, which is ineffective in the setting of ongoing tNRTI therapy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Dyslipidaemia is also difficult to treat as use of pravastatin in the setting of ongoing exposure to protease inhibitors results in only modest declines in fasting cholesterol concentrations. Gains in central fat, such as that seen in patients with buffalo hump, are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, but only occur in a relatively small percentage of treated patients, suggesting a role for genetic factors in its development. Use of strategies such as avoidance of tNRTI in firstline ART, genetic screening to identify those at risk of toxicities and targeted selection of interventions in subgroups of affected patients, may help prevent this syndrome occurring and better treat those patients in which it has already occurred.
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Cassidy, Rebecca Jane. "Changing understandings of HIV and AIDS through treatment interactions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7603/.

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The problem of HIV internationally has many wide ranging impacts on people, communities and countries' development. In the last decade antiretroviral (ARV) treatment has emerged as the major scientific-technical solution, albeit a costly one. Access to ARV treatment is of vital importance across Africa and around the world. Resources for HIV treatment, care and support are transferred globally on a massive scale. However, how such programmes operate ‘on the ground' in different contexts is still unclear. This research contributes to understanding the experience of the people who access such treatment programmes in different contexts. This research focuses on this gap, exploring how treatment programmes are experienced, how the availability of treatment impacts both on people's experience of being HIV+ and how the availability of treatment may also change perceptions of what it means to be HIV+, both individually and at a societal level. This research focuses on the lives and experiences, particularly the treatment experiences, of people living with HIV in peri-urban Gambia. Low prevalence countries such as The Gambia can provide a compelling example of the ways in which meanings and understandings of HIV are created. Here, entering a field of health pluralism and fluid knowledge creation around HIV-infection, came large scale actors providing a high-profile ARV treatment programme through clinic-based medicine, and an effective de-pluralisation of the medical field in relation to HIV, inviting scrutiny of how such knowledge relations and differences are experienced. Although not anticipated at the outset of the research, in parallel the Gambia has become the locus of a major, politically-backed, ‘alternative' AIDS treatment programme. This has thrown the personal and societal meanings of HIV into a new and sensitive context, compelling research attention into how knowledge, status and meanings around HIV are negotiated, and how people make choices amongst different treatment options.
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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.

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Cederfjäll, Claes. "Aspects of care among HIV infected patients : needs, adherence to treatment and health related quality of life /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-288-4.

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Books on the topic "HIV infections – Treatment"

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Kane, Brigid M. HIV/AIDS treatment drugs. Edited by Triggle D. J. New York NY: Chelsea House, 2011.

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HIV: From biology to prevention and treatment. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2011.

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Pinsky, Laura. The essential HIV treatment fact book. New York: Pocket Books, 1992.

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Kane, Brigid M. HIV/AIDS treatment drugs. New York, NY: Chelsea House, 2008.

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Handbook of HIV medicine. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Wilson, Douglas. Handbook of HIV medicine. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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Douglas, Wilson. Handbook of HIV medicine. 2nd ed. Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 2008.

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HIV/AIDS in the post-HAART era: Manifestations, treatment, and epidemiology. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA, 2011.

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Masci, Joseph R. Outpatient management of HIV infection. 4th ed. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2011.

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Baker, Ronald A. Early care for HIV disease. 2nd ed. San Francisco, CA: San Francisco Aids Foundation, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV infections – Treatment"

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Hirsch, Martin S. "Advances in the Treatment of HIV-1 Infections." In Medical Virology 9, 217–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5856-5_12.

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Parris, Kerry M., and Shamanthi M. Jayasooriya. "Prenatal Risk Assessment for Preterm Birth in Low-Resource Settings: Infection." In Evidence Based Global Health Manual for Preterm Birth Risk Assessment, 31–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04462-5_5.

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AbstractMaternal infections are a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB); 40% to 50% of PTBs are estimated to result from infection or inflammation. Higher infection rates are reported in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), and over 80% of PTBs occur in these settings. Global literature was synthesised to identify infections whose prevention or treatment could improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes and/or prevent mother-to-child transmission of infections.Best evidenced risk factors for PTB were maternal infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (OR2.27; 95%CI: 1.2–4.3), syphilis (OR2.09; 95%CI:1.09–4.00), or malaria (aOR3.08; 95%CI:1.2–4.3). Lower certainty evidence identified increased PTB risk with urinary tract infections (OR1.8; 95%CI: 1.4–2.1), sexually transmitted infections (OR1.3; 95%CI: 1.1–1.4), bacterial vaginosis (aOR16.4; 95%CI: 4.3–62.7), and systemic viral pathogens.Routine blood testing and treatment are recommended for HIV, hepatitis B virus, and syphilis, as well as for malaria in areas with moderate to high transmission. In high-risk populations and asymptomatic or symptomatic disease, screening for lower genital tract infections associated with PTB should be offered at the antenatal booking appointment. This should inform early treatment and management. Heath education promoting pre-pregnancy and antenatal awareness of infections associated with PTB and other adverse pregnancy outcomes is recommended.
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Derouin, Francis, and Jean-Pierre Gangneux. "Treatment and Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Parasitic Intestinal Infections in HIV-Infected Patients." In Textbook-Atlas of Intestinal Infections in AIDS, 427–37. Milano: Springer Milan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2091-7_27.

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Jain, Sachin, and Jennifer Adelson-Mitty. "HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections: Testing and Treatment Considerations for Refugees." In Refugee Health Care, 103–13. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0271-2_9.

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Heath, Ryan D., Ali Syed, Suha Abu Khalaf, and Veysel Tahan. "HIV-HBV Co-infection, Clinical Concerns." In Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines, 443–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71165-8_20.

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Navarrete Gil, Cynthia, Manjula Ramaiah, Andrea Mantsios, Clare Barrington, and Deanna Kerrigan. "Best Practices and Challenges to Sex Worker Community Empowerment and Mobilisation Strategies to Promote Health and Human Rights." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 189–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_11.

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AbstractSex workers face a number of health and human rights challenges including heightened risk for HIV infection and suboptimal care and treatment outcomes, institutional and interpersonal violence, labour rights violations, and financial insecurity. In response, sex worker-led groups have been formed and sustained across geographic settings to address these challenges and other needs. Over the last several decades, a growing body of literature has shown that community empowerment approaches among sex workers are associated with significant reductions in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Yet legal and policy environments, as well as funding constraints, have often limited the reach, along with the impact and sustainability, of such approaches.In this chapter, we first review the literature on community empowerment and mobilisation strategies as a means to collectively address HIV, violence, and other health and human rights issues among sex workers. We then utilise two case studies, developed by the sex worker-led groups APROASE in Mexico and Ashodaya Samithi in India, to illustrate and contextualise community empowerment processes and challenges, including barriers to scale-up. By integrating the global literature with context-specific case studies, we distil lessons learned and recommendations related to community empowerment approaches among sex workers.
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"HIV Infection." In Viral Infections and Treatment. Informa Healthcare, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203912348.pt3.

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Ogden, Richard. "HIV Protease Inhibitors." In Viral Infections and Treatment. Informa Healthcare, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203912348.ch15.

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"HIV Protease Inhibitors." In Viral Infections and Treatment, 539–70. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14823-18.

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Strizki, Julie. "Emerging Therapies for HIV Infection." In Viral Infections and Treatment. Informa Healthcare, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203912348.ch16.

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Conference papers on the topic "HIV infections – Treatment"

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Manga, M., H. Farouk, A. Mohammed, U. Hassan, and M. Ibrahim. "P415 Establishment of special treatment clinic for sexually transmitted infections in Gombe Nigeria: realities and prospects." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.440.

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Hussein, Mohamad Ali, Bruna Pereira Correia, Leonardo Valente de Camargo, Vinicius Aldo Cury, Juliana Passos, and Gustavo Mafei Fores. "Miller Fisher syndrome after hiv infection ( case report and literature review )." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.691.

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Context: Guillain-Barré syndrome is a polyradiculoneuropathy of heterogeneous manifestations, necessarily presenting progressive appendicular weakness of variable intensity associated with reduction or abolition of deep reflexes. One of its variants is known as Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS), characterized by ophthalmoparesis, ataxy and areflexia. It usually has, by etiology, immunomediated reactions induced by acute infections, including HIV. Objectives: This report aims to describe a case of MFS with concomitants HIV infection, attended in a tertiary hospital in northern Paraná and compared it with the literature. [1,7] Case report: A 27-year-old white male patient who presented binocular diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, generalized hypotonia, myasfasciculations, sensory ataxia and arreflexia, with a score on the Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle strength scale of 54 points. Treatment with empirical intravenous human immunoglobulina ( IVIG ) was performed pending the result of serologies for etiological screening. He was discharged after eleven days of hospitalization with partial symptomatic improvement and results indicative of acute HIV infection. We compared this case with those described in the published literature Discussion: We compared this case with those described in the published literature and given the low incidence found in the literature of patients with the stage of HIV viremia and the opening of the picture of SMF, the concrete pathophysiology itself is still unknown. The mechanism, however, in which the literature proposes in two theories: (1) an autoimmune action against myelin due to abnormal immunoregulation by HIV; (2) direct action of neurotropic strains of HIV-1. [2.3] Our literature review shows that since 1995, cases of associated guillain barré syndrome have already been reported in the course of HIV viremia. Treatment with immunoglobulin at a dose of 400mg / kg / day for 5 days was done and the symptoms improved. [1,4,6,7] Conclusion: It is exposed, then, a case of HIV-induced MFS whose relationship has consistency, temporality, biological plausibility, coherence and analogy compatible with current literature.
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Pereira, Maria Luiza Scardua, Sarah Santos Gonçalves, Creuza Rachel Vicente, Carolina Salume Xavier, Bárbara Ellen Santos Carvalhais, and Kenia Valeria Santos. "Can the therapeutic protocol recommended for gonococcal infection be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic?" In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p173.

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Introduction: The World Health Organization has warned of antibiotics misuse in the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, the clinical management protocol for patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection includes the use of empirical antibiotic therapy only for the treatment of bacterial pneumonia in patients admitted with severe acute respiratory syndrome. This protocol includes ceftriaxone, azithromycin, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, and meropenem. In Brazil, ceftriaxone 500 mg plus azithromycin 1 g is the recommended treatment regimen for mild and moderate anogenital gonococcal infection. The high consumption of these drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 may impact antimicrobial resistance, interfering with the treatment protocol for gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted infections. Objective: This study aims to describe the ceftriaxone and azithromycin dispensing before the COVID-19 pandemic and throughout 2020. Methods: Data of azithromycin and ceftriaxone dispensing in 2018, 2019, and 2020 were collected by MV2000i system at the central pharmacy of a reference hospital for the treatment of COVID-19, in Grande Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data from cases of COVID-19 were obtained on the website of the Government of the State of Espírito Santo. Results: We observed an increase in azithromycin and ceftriaxone dispensing at the beginning of the pandemic compared to previous years. Azithromycin returns to previous levels from August 2020, but ceftriaxone remains with increased discharge until December. The annual accumulated azithromycin in 2018, 2019, and 2020 was 447, 590, and 1,866 units of 500 mg ampoule vial (p=0.007), respectively. For ceftriaxone, the annual cumulative was 8,299, 9,098, and 18,209 units of 1 g ampoule vial (p<0.0001) in the respective years. Conclusion: There was an increase in ceftriaxone and azithromycin dispensing in 2020. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae should be a priority to ensure the efficacy of the recommended therapeutic regimen for uncomplicated anogenital gonococcal infection.
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Balkus, Jennifer E., Joshua Kimani, Omu Anzala, Emmanuel Kabare, Juma Shafi, and R. Scott Mcclelland. "P2.19 Periodic presumptive treatment for vaginal infections does not impact the incidence of high-risk subtypes of human papilloma virus: a secondary analysis from the preventing vaginal infections trial." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.195.

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Fayemiwo, SA, OA Adesina, M. Obaro, O. Awolude, JO Akinyemi, O. Mosuro, MO Kuti, GN Odaibo, and IF Adewole. "P3.55 Pattern of syphilis and hiv co-infections among art treatment naÏve adults in a tertiary institution in ibadan, nigeria." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.290.

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Mariz, Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho, Luiza de Lima Pereir, Pâmela Araújo da Silva, Izabela Junqueira Magalhães, Cristhiane Campos Marques de Oliveira, Marihá Thaís Trombetta, Daniel Martins Borges, Alvaro Macedo de Carvalho, and Carla Nunes de Araújo. "Priority populations on Brazilian HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p125.

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Introduction: According to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, priority populations are composed of adolescents and young adults, people of color, homeless people, and indigenous communities and fragile groups that are more vulnerable to HIV/AIDS. Contrary to the global downward trend in the number of new HIV cases, the Brazilian priority groups show increasing rates. Therefore, the importance of HIV/AIDS prevention and informational campaigns focused on these groups is important. Objective: This study aims to perform a documental research on the national HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns to determine which ones focused on priority populations. Methods: This analysis was based on data from publicity pieces of HIV/AIDS prevention campaigns from 1998 to 2020. The search and examination of these campaigns were conducted on the Brazilian Department of Chronic Conditions Diseases and Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Ministry of Health website. Results: From a total of 85 promoted campaigns in the period, only 9 had the adolescent and young adult population as the target audience, despite the increase in AIDS detection rate in these groups. Furthermore, none of them focused on the other priority groups nor presented information about combination HIV prevention. Conclusion: The data evidence the need for elaborating more HIV/ AIDS prevention campaigns to reach priority populations. Actions aiming to inform and protect these groups, as well as making prevention and treatment methods easily accessible, are key for fighting HIV/AIDS spread and ensuring a healthy future.
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Quilter, Laura, Eve Obondi, Colin Kunzweiler, Duncan Okall, Robert Bailey, Fredrick Otieno, and Susan Graham. "P3.131 An empiric risk score to guide presumptive treatment of asymptomatic anorectal infections in men who have sex with men in kisumu, kenya." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.366.

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Butov, Dmytro, Mykhailo Kuzhko, Mykola Gumeniuk, Oleksiy Denysov, Tetiana Sprynsian, and Tetiana Butova. "Features the effectiveness of the treatment of moxifloxacin in patients with co-infections tuberculosis/HIV and hepatitis B,and/or C." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.484.

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Baldoni, Gabriela, Gabriela Iribarren, Claudia Garbasz, Pablo Striebeck, Micaela Mayer Wolf, Liliana Fernandez Canigia, and Patricia Galarza. "Persistent and recurrent urethritis due to macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium: first reports in Argentina." In XIII Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - IX Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - IV Congresso Latino Americano de IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202133p044.

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Introduction: Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) is responsible for 15%-20% nongonococcal urethritis in men. In Argentina, the diagnosis is only performed by few laboratories. Single-dose 1 g azithromycin (AZM1D) treatment leads to emergence of macrolide resistance (mutations at 23S rRNA gene, region V, position 2058 or 2059). Recommendations include 5-day AZM (AZM5D) regimen, moxifloxacin as second-line therapy. Doxycycline is only 30% effective. Test of Cure (ToC) is advisable. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the first two clinical cases of persistent and recurrent urethritis due to macrolide-resistant MG in Argentina. Methods: End point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosis and ToC. Sanger sequencing analysis of mutations. Results: Case 1: A 26-year-old male patient with occasional heterosexual contacts and no history of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) complained urethral thick purulent discharge and dysuria (January 2018), with negative microbiological cultures and Chlamydia trachomatis PCR. The patient received ceftriaxone/AZM1D. However, symptoms persisted (April 2018). Later, doxycycline was prescribed for 1 month. Five days after treatment, the sample was referred to the STI national reference laboratory (NRL) and results were found positive for MG. The patient was given AZM5D. As a result, symptoms disappeared, posterior ToC was found negative, and retrospectively, sequencing 23S rRNA gene showed A2058G transition. Case 2: An 18-year-old male patient with stable heterosexual relationship complained of previous gonococcal urethritis and urethral serous exudate with inflammatory reaction (September 2017), with negative microbiological cultures. The patient received ceftriaxone and AZM1D as initial treatment. Later, he was given doxycycline for 10 days. On February 2018, symptoms reappeared and sample referred to the NRL was positive for MG (negative for other STIs). With AZM1D treatment, symptoms disappeared. After 1 month, the symptoms recurred. Results showed a new MG-positive sample (April 2018). AZM5D administration induced 2 weeks symptoms free and recurrence, requiring moxifloxacin treatment. Symptoms disappeared completely. Posterior ToC is negative. Subsequently, sequencing both samples referred to the NRL showed A2059G transition. Conclusion: The clinical cases presented notified the importance of early and accurate diagnosis of MG infections and use of adequate treatment schemes. We emphasized the relevance of monitoring and surveillance prevalence of macrolide-resistant MG in Argentina.
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Evatt, B. L. "VIRUS INACTIVATION AND COAGULATION FACTOR PREPARATIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644754.

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Nonheat-treated factor concentrates were used for the therapy of congenital and acquired coagulation deficiencies until 1984. These unheated factor crticentrates, which are manufactured from pooled plasma obtained from between 2500 and 25,000 blood or plasma donors, have been epidemiologically implicated in exposure of large numbers of hemophilia patients to several viral infections Including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, and non-A non-B hepatitis. Of these, HIV has been fdund to be very heat labile. After the introduction in 1984-85 of heat treatment of concentrates to reduce the risk of! hepatitis to recipients, several studies documented a lack of HIV serconversion in patients treated with clotting-fadtor concentrates. However, subsequent reports described a few hemophilia patients who had seroconverted to HIV! after receiving heat-treated concentrate from unscreened donors. To determine the significance of these seroconvers(ions, an international survey was conducted on 11 hemophilia treatment centers in Europe, Canada, and the United Kingdcpn whose total patient population comprised more than 2300 hemophilia A patients and 400 hemophilia B patients. Only three patients were found who seroconverted beyond a 6-month period after switching to heat-treated material, a(nd no seroconversions have occurred in these centers between November 1985 and February 1987. In addition no cases of seroconversion on donor screened heat-treated concentrate have been reported since its widespread introduction to the hemophilia patients during 1985-1986. Other modes of viral inactivation are currently being tested, and they appeiar to be effective in inactivating HIV and hepatitis B virus. Some of these methods have shown some promise for the inactivation of non-A and non-B hepatitis, but more data are needed for final assessment of these methods.
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Reports on the topic "HIV infections – Treatment"

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Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson, and Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.
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Orme, I. M. Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Opportunistic Mycobacterial Infections in HIV-Seropositive AIDS Patients. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227796.

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Foreit, James R. Postabortion family planning benefits clients and providers. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1006.

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A woman’s fertility can return quickly following an abortion or miscarriage, yet recent data show high levels of unmet need for family planning (FP) among women who have been treated for incomplete abortion. This leaves many women at risk of another unintended pregnancy and in some cases subsequent repeated abortions and abortion-related complications. It is thus vital for programs to provide a comprehensive package of postabortion care (PAC) services that includes medical treatment, FP counseling and services, and other reproductive health services such as evaluation and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, HIV counseling and/or testing, and community support and mobilization. Providing FP services within PAC benefits clients and programs. Facilities that can effectively treat women with incomplete abortions can also provide contraceptive services, including counseling and appropriate methods. As stated in this brief, any provider who can treat incomplete abortion can also provide selected FP methods. Clients, providers, and programs benefit when FP methods are provided to postabortion clients at the time of treatment.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria: Epidemiology and Disease Control Challenges. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.040.

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Nigeria has the world’s highest number of people affected by malaria and the world’s second largest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS burden. There is a high occurrence of co-infection of malaria in HIV patients (Gumel et al., 2021). Nigeria is also ranked as one of the thirty high tuberculosis (TB) and TB-HIV co-infection burden countries in the world (Odume et al., 2020, 8). Co-infection can make each disease more severe and potentially more infectious (Gumel et al., 2021; Jemikalajah et al., 2021; Chukwuocha et al., 2019). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Nigeria, in addition to challenges in controlling the three diseases, in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Hung, Hsuan-Yu, and Chung-Yu Chen. The impact of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir treatment on serum hyperglycemia in HCV infections: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0109.

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Review question / Objective: To assess the possible cause of events, the incidence of grade 3 hyperglycemia after treating Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir/Voxilaprevir in HCV infections. Condition being studied: Sofosbuvir, velpatasvir, and voxilaprevir (SOF/VEL/VOX) is an effective, safe rescue therapy regimen for patients have previously been treated failure. Initiating Direct-Acting Antiviral (DAA) treatment for HCV infection with diabetes have experienced hypoglycemia, it could improve insulin resistance due to clean HCV. However, some studies shown that SOF/VEL/VOX has Grade 3 hyperglycemia adverse events. This finding contradicts that other DAAs studies. Information sources: Conducting a comprehensive literature search on the pubmed, Cochrane, clinicalkey, Embase, and MEDLINE electronic databases.
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Ciapponi, Agustín. Do workplace programmes for the diagnosis and treatment of HIV improve workers’ health outcomes and attitudes? SUPPORT, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1705132.

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The HIV epidemic may threaten the health workforce by imposing heavier workloads and increasing complexity of care; by exposing health workers and other workers living with HIV and AIDS to tuberculosis (TB) and other infectious diseases; and through the psychological stress placed on health workers who have to administer care. HIV and AIDS may also have substantial impacts on the workforce in sectors other than health. Workplace programmes aim to improve access for health workers and other workers to HIV prevention, treatment and support.
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Ciapponi, Agustín. Do decision support and clinical information systems improve the healthcare process and health outcomes for people living with HIV? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/161013.

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The overall number of people living with HIV has steadily increased, as HIV treatments extend life. As HIV infection is shifting mostly to a chronic disease managed primarily in the ambulatory setting, chronic disease management interventions such as decision support and clinical information systems might be useful to this population.
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Ndhlovu, Lewis, Catherine Searle, and Johannes van Dam. Strengthening STI treatment and HIV/AIDS prevention services in Carletonville, South Africa. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1001.

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Although knowledge about HIV/AIDS is widespread in South Africa, adult HIV prevalence is high, indicating high levels of risky sexual behavior. Understanding the gap between knowledge and behavior requires an examination of the social context in which the epidemic occurs. The Horizons Program conducted an intervention study in the Carletonville area to study the social determinants of the HIV epidemic and to assess the impact of a targeted program of HIV and STI prevention and service delivery. In 1998, the Mothusimpilo (“Working together for health”) Intervention Project (MIP) was launched to reduce community prevalence of HIV and other STIs and to sustain those reductions through enhanced prevention and STI treatment services. Carletonville includes many migrant mine workers and is characterized by significant poverty and unemployment, the presence of sex work, and high rates of STIs. MIP targets population groups where high-risk sexual behavior is thought to be common. This brief focuses on sex workers because of their vulnerability to STIs and HIV infection and their link to miners and men in the broader community.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.

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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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Haider, Huma. Malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique: Epidemiology, Disease Control and Interventions. Institute of Development Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.035.

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Malaria, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) are significant public health concerns in Mozambique. Malaria was the fourth leading cause of death in the country in 2019, accounting for 42% of deaths among children under 5 years of age (Mugabe et al., 2021; USAID, 2018). Mozambique is among the top eight countries with the highest HIV prevalence; with the second highest mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) rate in the world (Fuente-Soro et al., 2021; Nacarapa et al., 2021). The incidence of TB is rising, with pediatric TB cases almost tripling in recent years (WHO, 2020b; Nguenha et al., 2018; Orlando et al., 2018). Mozambique has one of the highest global incidence of malaria-HIV and TB-HIV co-infection, which raises the likelihood of poor clinical outcomes (Moon et al., 2019; USAID, 2018). This rapid literature review highlights key aspects of the epidemiology of malaria, HIV and TB in Mozambique and challenges in prevention, detection and treatment; and surveys select interventions that seek to address these challenges. This is part of a series of reports looking into Epidemiology of Malaria, human immune deficiency virus (HIV) and tuberculosis (TB) across a set of African Nations.
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