Journal articles on the topic 'HIV infections Nursing Saudi Arabia'
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Memish, Ziad A., Sanaa M. Filemban, Raafat F. Al-Hakeem, Majdy H. Hassan, and Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq. "Sexually transmitted infections case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2005–2012." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 08 (August 31, 2016): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7020.
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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health concerns around the world. This study describes the epidemiology of reported STI cases from 2005 to 2012 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The annual registry was the main source of data as reported by healthcare providers. Case definitions were based on positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot test for HIV cases. The definitions of other STIs were based on published Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. Results: During the study period, 68,886 new cases were reported, with nongonococcal urethritis being the highest STI (25.4) per 100,000 population (25.4), followed by trichomoniasis (9.1), HIV (7), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (2.9), and syphilis (1.3). The cases included nongonococcal urethritis (n = 35,613; 51.7%), trichomoniasis (n = 12,679; 18.4%), gonococcal urethritis (n = 3,006; 4.4%), syphilis (n = 1,769; 2.6%), HIV (n = 9,843; 14.3%), genital warts (n = 4,018; 5.8%), genital herpes (n = 1,508; 2.2%), and chancroid (n = 450; 0.7%). Saudi contribution to HIV cases increased from 28.9% in the preceding decade to 43.5% in the current study. Conclusions: Nongonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, and HIV were the most commonly reported STIs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Ghanim Hamid Al-Khattabi. "Antibodies Against Hepatitis C Virus (Anti-HCV) among Hemodialysis Patients in Makkah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 27, no. 1 (July 16, 2022): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.27.1.6276.
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world and evaluation of the epidemiology of HCV infection was made possible by the development of a serological assay to detect antibodies to epitopes of HCV. Hemodialysis (HD) is considered to be one of the main risk factors of HCV transmission. The prevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis therapy (MDT) was found to be one of the highest among different risk groups and there is wide variation in the prevalence of HCV infection among different dialysis units and countries. Therefore, the prevalence of anti-HCV was studied in patients undergoing MDT. The current study is a cross section one, where a sample of 361 HD patients were selected randomly from HD centers in three governmental hospitals in Makkah city and they were subjected to assessment for the prevalence of anti-HCV by using questionnaires in addition to clinical measurements. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV among HD patients was 49.9% according to clinical measurements and questionnaires. The overall prevalence of anti-HCV among HD patients in Makkah city (49.9%) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and it is almost similar to the already reported positivity rate of (43.2%) from the eastern region of KSA and southern regions of KSA (45.5%). However, strict adherence to universal precautions as recommended by the Center for Diseases Control (CDC), meticulous regular disinfection of HD machines, strict isolation of HCV-positive patients, dedicated dialysis machines and nursing staff at new dialysis set-up could possibly be the reasons of relatively low anti-HCV positivity at the current study than that reported by Shaheen et al [34], from four centers in the western region of KSA, (72.3%) and that by Huraib et al [29] in their multi-center study in KSA, (68%) as well as the mean national rate. On the other hand, the use of more sensitive third generation enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, long duration on HD, multiple blood transfusions, patients with dialysis treatment in multi-centers, factors related to infrastructure, environment and operational system might be responsible for the high prevalence of anti-HCV found in this study than that reported by Saeed, et al from Riyadh and those observed in the central region of KSA. Although routes of transmission are still unclear, early detection of all infected patients is mandatory for HCV prophylaxis in HD patients. Furthermore, an intensive educational program for staff members, HD patients and proper evaluation of the HD situation are needed. Thus, observation of appropriate preventive measures by all HD-centers is paramount.
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Aronoff, David M. "The first year of Infectious Disease Reports." Infectious Disease Reports 2, no. 2 (November 3, 2010): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/idr.2010.2138.
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It is exciting to note that within our first year IDR has published original studies, review articles, and case reports from Australia, Brazil, Cuba, Italy, Thailand, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Uganda, the UK, and the USA. The first two volumes of IDR have touched upon major problems in our field, including HIV, influenza, Clostridium difficile, neglected tropical diseases, and infections in transplant recipients.
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Alqahtani, Saeed Jaber, Abdulellah Al Thobaity, Salman Wasl Althobaiti, and Joan Lagmay Jimenez. "Factors affecting Nursing Performance during COVID- 19 Period at Taif Government Hospitals." Journal of Medical and Health Studies 3, no. 4 (December 18, 2022): 152–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2022.3.4.24.
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During epidemics, nurses play a crucial role in reducing direct exposures and offering direct patient care. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the factors affecting nursing performance during the COVID-19 period in Taif Government hospitals, Taif City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 580 nurses from thirteen government hospitals in Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using a survey consisting of a 24-item checklist. Descriptive statistics were done, and inferential statistics were done by SPSS. Ethical considerations were strictly followed throughout the study. The findings of this study demonstrated that the constant fear of infection, uncertainty about the future, and nurse burnout were the main factors influencing nursing performance. Additionally, the results indicated that more than half of staff nurses in different hospitals in Taif reported experiencing mild to moderate symptoms of mental health problems, anxiety, depression, and burnout. Lastly, nursing shortages, prolonged shifts, limited access to Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs), and increased workloads were the main secondary contributory factors affecting nursing performance. Evidence from the study suggests that nurses across government hospitals in Saudi Arabia require massive support to handle mounting COVID-19 infections. From receiving PPEs to minimizing staffing shortages and emotional support and counselling, nurses must be at the forefront of care. This will aid nurses in carrying out their duties effectively in the fight against COVID-19. Most importantly, hospitals must ensure that all nurses operate in conducive environments with increased attention to their physical and mental wellbeing.
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Al-Mozaini, Maha, Tahani Alrahbeni, Qais Dirar, Jawaher Alotibi, and Abdulrahman Alrajhi. "HIV in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Can We Change the Way We Deal with Co-Infections." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 14 (January 2021): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s270355.
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Al-Aamri, Amira K., Ayaman A. Al-Harrasi, Abdurahman K. AAl-Abdulsalam, Abdullah A. Al-Maniri, and Sabu S. Padmadas. "Forecasting the SARS COVID-19 pandemic and critical care resources threshold in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: population analysis of aggregate data." BMJ Open 11, no. 5 (May 2021): e044102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044102.
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ObjectiveTo generate cross-national forecasts of COVID-19 trajectories and quantify the associated impact on essential critical care resources for disease management in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.DesignPopulation-level aggregate analysis.SettingBahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Saudi Arabia.MethodsWe applied an extended time-dependent SEICRD compartmental model to predict the flow of people between six states, susceptible–exposed–infected–critical–recovery–death, accounting for community mitigation strategies and the latent period between exposure and infected and contagious states. Then, we used the WHO Adaptt Surge Planning Tool to predict intensive care unit (ICU) and human resources capacity based on predicted daily active and cumulative infections from the SEICRD model.Main outcome measuresPredicted COVID-19 infections, deaths, and ICU and human resources capacity for disease management.ResultsCOVID-19 infections vary daily from 498 per million in Bahrain to over 300 per million in UAE and Qatar, to 9 per million in Saudi Arabia. The cumulative number of deaths varies from 302 per million in Oman to 89 in Qatar. UAE attained its first peak as early as 21 April 2020, whereas Oman had its peak on 29 August 2020. In absolute terms, Saudi Arabia is predicted to have the highest COVID-19 mortality burden, followed by UAE and Oman. The predicted maximum number of COVID-19-infected patients in need of oxygen therapy during the peak of emergency admissions varies between 690 in Bahrain, 1440 in Oman and over 10 000 in Saudi Arabia.ConclusionAlthough most GCC countries have managed to flatten the epidemiological curve by August 2020, trends since November 2020 show potential increase in new infections. The pandemic is predicted to recede by August 2021, provided the existing infection control measures continue effectively and consistently across all countries. Current health infrastructure including the provision of ICUs and nursing staff seem adequate, but health systems should keep ICUs ready to manage critically ill patients.
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AlMutairi, Hatem H., Mohammad M. AlAhmari, Badr H. Al-Zahran, Ibrahim S. Abbas, Juma`an S. Al Ghamdi, Yahia A. Raja`a, and Talal A. Sallam. "Prevalence of serological markers and nucleic acid for blood-borne viral infections in blood donors in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 06 (June 30, 2016): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.6666.
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Introduction: Data on blood-borne viral infections in some regions in Saudi Arabia remain scarce. This study investigates the prevalence of serological markers and nucleic acid for blood-borne viruses among blood donors in Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 2,807 donors who donated blood between January 2009 and November 2011 were investigated for blood-borne viral serological markers including HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and anti-HTLVI/III in addition to viral nucleic acid. Results: All donors were males between 16 to 66 years of age (mean: 31.5 ± 9.3 years). Viral nucleic acid and/or serological markers were detected in a total of 36 (1.3%) donors; of them, 26 (72.2%) had nucleic acid concomitant with serological markers, 6 (16.7%) had only viral nucleic acid, while 4 (11.1%) had only serological markers. Of all donors, 22 (0.8%) had HBsAg, 227 (8.0%) had anti-HBc, 157 (5.0%) had anti-HBs, 2,577 (91.8%) had no HBV markers, 2 (0.07%) had anti-HIV, 1 (0.04%) had anti-HCV, and 1 (0.04%) had anti-HTLVI/II. The donors who were born during HBV vaccination era showed no HBsAg (0.0%; p = 0.052), lower rates of anti-HBc (1.5%; p < 0.001) and anti-HBs (0.7%; p < 0.001), while the majority had no HBV markers (98.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Combined viral nucleic acid and serological testing of donated blood enhances blood safety. The absence of HBV markers among donors suggests susceptibility or declined anti-HBs levels. Thus, HBV revaccination or a vaccine boost among adolescents and adults might be indispensable.
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Filemban, Sanaa M., Yasser A. Yasein, Magdy H. H. Abdalla, Raafat Al-Hakeem, Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq, and Ziad A. Memish. "Prevalence and behavioral risk factors for STIs/HIV among attendees of the Ministry of Health hospitals in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 9, no. 04 (April 15, 2015): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.5964.
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Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a major public health, social, and economic problem leading to morbidity, mortality, and stigma. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of STIs, investigate behavioral risk factors and the relationship between the STIs/HIV and demographic factors. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 among attendees of the Ministry of Health hospitals. Results: The total number of participants was 3,994 (2,441 males and 1,553 females), with a mean age of 31.95 ± 9.45 years (range 12 to 77 years). The prevalence of STIs and HIV was 6.2% and 0.05% respectively. The mean age for infected people with STIs was 29.42 ± 7.51, vs. 32.12 ± 9.55 for non infected (p < 0.05). There was no diffference between infected and non infected people regarding gender, occupation and marital status. The prevalence of STIs was more commonly reported among non-Saudi (10.9%). Drug use (OR = 4.74; 95%; CI: 3.47–6.48), intravenous drug use (OR = 4.51; 95% CI: 1.45–13.12), illegal sex (OR = 10.7; 95% CI: 7.62–13.32), sex for money (OR = 6.36; 95% CI: 4.52–8.93), sex for pleasure (OR=9.76; 95% CI: 7.29–13.07) were significantly associated with STIs. Conclusion: The prevalence of STIs including HIV in Saudi Arabia is low compared to other countries in the region and globally.
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Alshammari, Farhan, Jonas Preposi Cruz, Nahed Alquwez, Joseph Almazan, Fatmah Alsolami, Hanan Tork, Hawa Alabdulaziz, and Ebaa Marwan Felemban. "Compliance with standard precautions during clinical training of nursing students in Saudi Arabia: A multi-university study." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 12, no. 11 (November 30, 2018): 937–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.10821.
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Introduction: Nursing students are susceptible to healthcare-associated infections because of their direct patient interactions during their clinical training. Hence, compliance with standard precautions (SPs) is paramount during their clinical exposure and training. This study investigated the compliance with SPs and its predictors among Saudi nursing students from six universities.
Methodology: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in six government universities in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 829 Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) students was surveyed using the Compliance with Standard Precautions Scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out to analyze the data.
Results: The overall compliance rate of the respondents was 60.1% with a mean score of 12.02 (SD = 4.50). The students reported highest compliance on covering the mouth and nose when wearing a mask, while the lowest compliance was on disposing sharps box before it is full. The university, academic year level, and attendance to infection prevention and control training or seminar in the last six months were identified as significant predictors of the students’ compliance with SPs.
Conclusions: The findings provide valuable insights and guidance for improving the practice of SPs among future nurses, which could result in the reduction of infection exposure and its transmission rates among future nurses in clinical settings.
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Albarrag, Ahmed, Ashwag Shami, Abrar Almutairi, Sara Alsudairi, Sumayh Aldakeel, and Amani Al-Amodi. "Prevalence and Molecular Genetics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Nursing Homes in Saudi Arabia." Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2020 (June 3, 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2434350.
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Objective. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the main causative agents of nosocomial infections that has posed a major threat to those with compromised immune systems such as nursing home residents. The aim of this study was to determine the rates of MRSA strains and the types of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec)in nursing homes in Saudi Arabia. Methods. A total of 188 nasal swabs were collected from the residents and nursing staff in two nursing homes in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. All MRSA isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and analyzed for mecA and SCCmec typing by multiplex PCR assay. Detection of the Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene was also tested in all positive MRSA isolates by multiplex PCR using specific primers. Results. Among the 188 collected nasal swabs (105 males and 83 females), MRSA colonization rate was 9.04% (11 (5.85%) females and 6 (5.71%) males). About 47% of MRSA were multidrug resistant (MDR) as acquired resistance to beta-lactam, macrolide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics. However, all the MRSA isolates showed susceptibility to vancomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid. All the MRSA isolates (n = 17) were mecA-positive with the SCCmec IVc (n = 7, 41.18%) as the most common SCCmec type followed by SCCmec V (n = 5, 29.41%) and SCCmec IVa (n = 2, 11.76%). The remaining isolates (n = 3) were nontypeable (17.65%). In addition, the PVL toxin gene was only detected in four of the male samples. Conclusion. MRSA nasal colonization is a common incident among nursing home residents. The prevalence of community-associated (CA) MRSA (SCCmec IV and V) was more common than hospital-associated (HA) MRSA in our study samples. It is crucial to investigate such rate of incidence, which is a key tool in preventive medicine and would aid in determining health policy and predict emergent outbreaks.
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Barry, Mazin, Leen Ghonem, Nourah Albeeshi, Maha Alrabiah, Aynaa Alsharidi, and Hussain Abdulrahman Al-Omar. "Resource Utilization and Caring Cost of People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) in Saudi Arabia: A Tertiary Care University Hospital Experience." Healthcare 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10010118.
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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a significant burden of disease, including medical and non-medical costs. Therefore, it is considered to be a priority for all health authorities. The aim of this study is to determine healthcare and treatment costs of caring for PLHIV at one of the tertiary care university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This was a micro-costing, retrospective, observational study from a tertiary care university hospital and included all confirmed HIV-infected patients who visited infectious disease clinics in the period from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. A total of 42 PLHIV were included in this study. The mean age of the study participants was 38.76 ± 11.47 years with a mean disease duration of 5.27 ± 4.81 years. The majority of patients were male (85.7%) and Saudi (88.1%). More than half of included patients (59.5%) had a CD4 count of more than 500. During the study period, 26 patients (61.9%) were initiated on a single-tablet regimen. Overall, the main cost-driver was antiretroviral medications, which cumulatively represented more than 64% of the total cost. Patients who developed opportunistic infections had a statistically significant (p = 0.033) higher financial impact, both as a total and on a patient level, than those presented without opportunistic infections. On a patient level, the mean and median costs were higher and statistically significant for those with co-morbidities than those without co-morbidities (p = 0.002). The majority of the economic burden of PLHIV is attributable to antiretroviral therapy use. The healthcare costs of PLHIV can vary greatly, depending on the presenting illness, clinical stage, developed opportunistic infection, co-morbidity, and pharmacological therapy.
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Gawthrop, Mary. "Advising Hajj and Umrah travellers in general practice." Practice Nursing 31, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 156–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2020.31.4.156.
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Hajj and Umrah are important events for our Muslim travellers. Mary Gawthrop provides an overview of the key considerations when providing travel advice to this group Hajj, the annual pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca), is one of the largest global gatherings of its kind, and this year it is expected to take place between 28 July and 2 August 2020. Umrah is a smaller pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of year. Both of these events pose specific risks for travellers. Crowded conditions increase the risk of exposure to infections and viruses, including meningitis, TB and, potentially, COVID-19. Travellers also need to consider food and water hygiene, and their physical fitness. Practice nurses giving travel advice need to stay up to date with the latest developments and regulations from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Alcantara, Jerold C., Farhan Khalaf M. Alenezi, and Omar Hafiz Haj Ali. "Seroprevalence and trends of markers of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors: a 3-year hospital based-study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 5031. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184773.
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Background: Evaluating the trends and rates of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) among blood donors ensure that supplies of blood are safe and a proficient donor screening is in place. Hence, the study assessed the prevalence and trends of TTI markers among blood donors in Hail, Saudi Arabia.Methods: A retrospective review was done using donor records in a 3-year period from January 2013 to December 2015. All samples underwent to mandatory serological screening. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used appropriately. Distribution tables were developed to discern the trends that exist and compare the prevalence rates among different age groups. Significant level was set at 5% (p<0.05).Results: Of the 11,162 blood donors evaluated, 1.5% was found positive for TTI markers. The overall prevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV I/II, syphilis and malaria were 1.2, 0.04, 0.07, 0.2 and 0.02%, respectively. No blood donor showed positive for HIV markers. Majority of the infections were evident among replacement donors (57.3%). Greater number was observed from the age group of 30-39 years. Statistically, there was no significant difference among the various age groups.Conclusions: The prevalence rate of TTIs in this study is comparably lower than in other regions of Saudi Arabia and some countries, with no significant variation among the different age groups. HBV continues to be the highest rate of infections inflicting blood donors. Methods to improve donor retention, encouragement and recruitment of new donors have to be identified.
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Eltahir, Manal Abdalla, and Huda Salman Almutauiry. "Needle stick injury among the dental students in the Qassim University, KSA: It’s Prevalence, student’s Knowledge and attitude." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 3 (May 15, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i3.5311.
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Needle stick injuries (NSI) are the commonest route by which blood borne viruses and/or infections such as HIV, Hepatitis B and C are transmitted from patients to health care workers (HCW) dental students are also at risk of such infections and injuries due to accidental contamination during their practical occupational exposure. There is hardly any information regarding the knowledge and experiences of NSI among dental students in Saudi Arabia
Aim: To assess the knowledge, attitude, and prevalence of NSIs among dental students in Qassim university.
Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.
Setting: dental clinics of Qassim University. The population included undergraduate students (3rd ,4th,5th year) and intern’s dentists/College of Dentistry /Qassim University.
Result: In the present study. A total number of 98 student participated 56.1% were female and 43.9% were male. A total of 27.6% participants had an NSI during their clinical training. Also, 83% of the students considered hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV to be transmitted by NSIs.
Conclusion: Although the level of knowledge on the risk of cross-infection from NSI was high, there was decreased awareness on the means of prevention and protocol.
Keywords: NSI, Awareness, cross infection, prevalence, hazard.
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M Alshehri, Osama, Mohammed H Nahari, Elhashimi E. Hassan, Musab F. Alqahtani, and Turki H. Awaji. "Prevalence of ABO, Rh and KELL Blood Group Types and Transfusion- Transmissible Infections (TTI) among Blood Donors in Najran City, Saudi Arabia." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 14, no. 02 (June 28, 2021): 1065–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2210.
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The knowledge of Red blood cells polymorphism and blood group antigens prevalence at the local and regional levels is necessary for safe blood transfusion services. This study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of significant blood group phenotypes like ABO, Rh, and Kell among the Najran people of Saudi Arabia. The transfusion transmittable infection (TTI) rate and blood abnormalities among various blood types were assessed to ensure safe blood transfusion. ABO and Rh blood prevalence (n=970) and Rh phenotype polymorphism were estimated in over 531 unrelated donors. The blood samples were screened for certain TTIs like AHBC- Anti-hepatitis B core, HTLV-1- human T-lymphotropic virus type I, HCV- hepatitis C virus, HBsAg- Hepatitis B antigen, HIV- Human immunodeficiency virus, SIC- Sickle cell, MP- Malaria parasite, and SYP- Syphilis. The selected samples were also observed for blood abnormalities by performing a complete blood count (CBC). Out of 970 subjects, 966 were males, and only 4 were females. The O>A>B>AB blood groups were identified with 46.89, 29.3, 9.1, and 2.38% prevalence among Rh-positive phenotype. While in the Rh system, 87.6% and 12.3% of Rh positive and Rh negative was observed. Among 953 samples, the prevalence of seropositive donors was approximately 5.66%. The screening showed about 5.036, 0.104, 0.314, 0.209, 2.18, 0.104, and 0.209% positivity for AHBC, HCV, HBsAg, HIV, SIC, MP, and SYP respectively. Results found that the frequency of D, C, E, c, and e were 99.9%, 67.98, 25.8, 77.9, 98.49%, respectively, in over 531 subjects. The e allele was more prevalent in Najran city. After observing the variations in the CBC parameters among the donors, it was perceived that about 28.78, 99.9, 29.41, and 31.6% of blood abnormalities were noticed for O, AB, B, and A blood groups, respectively. For blood banks and transfusion services, which play a significant role in the medical care of the patient, awareness of the distribution of the blood group is essential. Increasing consistency of blood donation programs would improve both donor satisfaction and motivation for potential donations of blood in near future.
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Mahdi, Hashim, Amani Alqahtani, Osamah Barasheed, Amjad Alemam, Mohammed Alhakami, Ibrahim Gadah, Hadeel Alkediwi, et al. "Hand Hygiene Knowledge and Practices among Domestic Hajj Pilgrims: Implications for Future Mass Gatherings Amidst COVID-19." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 4 (October 16, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed5040160.
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This study examined Hajj pilgrims’ knowledge and reported practice of hand hygiene. In Hajj 2019, a cross-sectional survey was undertaken in Mina, Makkah, Saudi Arabia, of domestic Saudi pilgrims aged ≥18 years by using a self-administered Arabic questionnaire that captured data on pilgrims’ socio-demographics, hand hygiene knowledge, and reported practices of hand cleaning following certain actions. A total of 348 respondents aged 18 to 63 (median 32) years completed the survey, of whom 200 (57.5%) were female. The mean (±standard deviation (SD)) hand hygiene knowledge score was 6.7 (±SD 1.9). Two hundred and seventy one (77.9%) and 286 (82.2%) of respondents correctly identified that hand hygiene can prevent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections respectively, but 146 (42%) were not aware that it prevents hand-foot-mouth disease. Eighty-eight (25.3%) respondents erroneously reported that hand hygiene prevents HIV. Washing hands with water and soap was the most preferred method practiced before a meal (67.5% (235/348)), after a meal (80.2% (279/348)), after toilet action (81.6% (284/348)), when hands were visibly soiled (86.2% (300/348)), and after waste disposal (61.5% (214/348)). Hajj pilgrims demonstrated a good knowledge and practice of hand hygiene, but there are gaps that are vital to control outbreaks such as COVID-19.
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Wanni, Nahid H. O., Reem Al Dossary, Obeid E. Obeid, Nourah Hasan Al Qahtani, Zaheenul Islam Siddiqui, Ayman A. El-Badry, and Khaled R. Alkharsah. "Seropositivity of syphilis among individuals screened in a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia." Annals of Saudi Medicine 41, no. 1 (January 2021): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2021.8.
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BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem. Syphilis, a multistage, curable chronic disease caused by the spirochete Treponema pallidum , remains a major health problem worldwide. The disease re-emerged in the era of HIV in many countries despite the accessibility of curative therapy and continuing public health efforts to eliminate it. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the seropositivity for syphilis. DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied individuals who underwent screening tests for syphilis between January 2014 and December 2018. The samples that were positive by both screening and confirmatory tests were considered as confirmed positive for syphilis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Syphilis positivity identified by chemiluminescence immunoassay, the rapid plasma reagin test, and specific antibodies against Treponema pallidum . SAMPLE SIZE: 11 832. RESULTS: Of the 11 832, 54 (0.45%) were confirmed as seropositive for syphilis. Thirty-three (61.1%) were non-Saudi; 21 (38.9%) were Saudis. Thirty (55.6%) cases were males. Twenty-two (40.74%) were married and 29 (53.70%) were unmarried. Of the 54 diagnosed as syphilis positive, 28 (51.9%) were expatriate workers screened for pre-employment. The percentage of syphilis among Saudis was 0.36%. In an overall chi-square analysis, a P <.0001 indicated a difference among nationalities in the frequency of syphilis. A post-hoc analysis showed that Somalians ( P =.004) and Sudanese ( P =.005) differed significantly from other nationalities. CONCLUSION: The study showed that syphilis was low among the screened population. More than half of the syphilis positive cases in this study were household employees. Screening for syphilis assists in planning complementary services for target populations and improves syphilis control. LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. Hospital-based findings may not be representative of the seroprevalence of syphilis in the general population. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.
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Altayar, Malik, Mohammed Jalal, Ahmed Kabrah, Fadi Qashqari, Naif Jalal, Hani Faidah, Mohammed Baghdadi, and Saeed Kabrah. "Prevalence and Association of Transfusion Transmitted Infections with ABO and Rh Blood Groups among Blood Donors in the Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A 7-Year Retrospective Analysis." Medicina 58, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070857.
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This study was aimed at determining the prevalence estimate and association of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) with ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH & RC) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective study was conducted at the blood bank center of KFSH and RC from 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2019. Data on ABO and Rh blood group testing, serological testing, molecular investigations, serological assays, nucleic acid testing (NATs), and socio-demographic information were gathered. During the study period, there were 959,431 blood donors at the KFSH and RC. The overall 7-year cumulative prevalence estimate of blood transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors was low at 7.93%, with an average prevalence estimate of 0.66%. Donors with the O blood group, the O RhD +ve blood group, in particular, were more at risk of developing TTIs, whereas donors with the AB blood group, the AB RhD −ve blood group, in particular, were at the lowest risk of developing TTIs. In total, 96.9% of the blood donors were males (n = 916,567). Almost half of the blood donors belong to the O blood group (49.4%). A total of 861,279 (91.0%) donors were found to be RhD positive. The percentages of TTIs were found to be higher in RhD +ve donors compared with RhD −ve donors. The prevalence estimate of the hemoglobin C (HbC) infection was the most common TTI among the blood donors being 3.97%, followed by malaria being 2.21%. The least prevalence estimate of TTI in the present study was for NAT HIV being 0.02%. Significant associations were observed between RhD +ve and RhD −ve among the malaria-infected donors (A: χ2 = 26.618, p = 0.001; AB: χ2 = 23.540, p = 0.001; B: χ2 = 5.419, p = 0.020; O: χ2 = 68.701, p = 0.001). The current 7-year retrospective study showed a low level of TTIs among blood donors. However, we urge that more research encompassing the entire country be conducted in order to obtain more representative results in terms of the prevalence estimate and association of transfusion-transmitted infections with ABO and Rh blood groups in communities.
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Ashour, Amal Adnan. "Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Oral Health and Oral Care Among Nursing Staff at a Mental Health Hospital in Taif, Saudi Arabia: A Questionnaire-based Study." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 11, no. 1 (May 2020): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206820910300.
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Background and Aim: Nurses are the principal oral healthcare providers for hospitalized patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nurses at a mental health hospital in Saudi Arabia regarding oral health care of the hospitalized patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used in which 247 nursing staff completed a questionnaire that collected sociodemographic information, knowledge, and practices regarding oral health maintenance of patients and their attitudes toward oral health care of psychiatric patients. The chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were used to examine group differences. Results: A total of 247 (136 males and 111 females) nursing staff were involved in the survey with the mean age of 26 ± 32 years. Results showed significant gender differences in knowledge and practices, but no gender differences in attitudes. Male nurses were more likely to look at teeth and gums for signs of a healthy mouth (male = 97.8%, female = 95.5%, P = .04), used toothpaste to clean the patient’s teeth (male = 52.9%, female = 50.5%, P = .03), and believed that HIV/AIDS patients are at risk of developing oral health problems (male = 50.7%, female = 43.2%, P = .04). Nurses had more knowledge than nurse technicians regarding gum disease and dental abscesses ( P = .0001). Nursing staff with over five years of experience were more likely to agree about the need for the oral health care of hospitalized patients. Conclusion: The results emphasize the need for training of healthcare workers about the importance of oral health and considering oral health care as a patient’s rights rather than privilege.
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Alenezi, Atallah, Noha El-Tahtawi, and Entesar Mahmoud Makhlouf. "Cross Sectional Study on a Spectrum of Bacterial Pathogens under Actions of Infection Control in Different Clinical Specimens of ICU Patients of Sajer General Hospital in Saudi Arabia, and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 44 (November 30, 2021): 3762–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/761.
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BACKGROUND The intensive care unit (ICU) is a special department of the hospital and health care setting that provides intensive nursing care and care to patients with the most severe and life-threatening illnesses and injuries that require accurate, continuous monitoring and support from specialist, medication, and equipment in order to maintain normal bodily functions. Nosocomial infections are one of the leading causes of mortality in hospitalised patients especially the critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. The purpose of the present study was isolation, identification, and detection of the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogenic bacteria isolated from different clinical specimens of ICU patients under the effect of infection control in Sajer General Hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted from January 2020 to April 2020, 200 clinical samples, 40 blood, 45 urine, 50 tracheal aspirate, 30 post-surgical Caesarean section wound swabs, 20 central venous catheters and 15 pus swabs were collected from patients hospitalised in ICUs of Sajer General Hospital. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed with the diffusion-disk method for several antibiotics. RESULTS The rate of nosocomial infection among ICU patients due to Gram-negative bacteria is significantly higher than that recorded by Gram-positive bacteria (78.75 %, 21.25 %, respectively). The majority of frequent bacteria isolated from all clinical specimens were Klebsielleae pneumoniae 20 (25 %) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18 (22.5 %), Acinetobacter baumannii 15 (18.75 %), Escherichia coli 10 (12.50 %), Staphylococcus aureus 9 (11.25 %), Streptococcus pyogenes 6 (7.50 %) and enterococcus spp. 2 (2.50 %). K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and E. coli achieved high sensitivity to imipenem and meropenem (100 %). A. baumannii showed high sensitivity to meropenem (100 %) and imipenem (93.33 %). Staph. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and enterococcus species showed high sensitivity to vancomycin (100 %). CONCLUSIONS The nosocomial infection is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitals. The role of nursing care in the prevention of nosocomial infection has proven vital due to the emergence and spreading of different pathogenic bacteria. Close interactions between health care providers can save many more lives. KEY WORDS Intensive Care Units, Antibiotics Sensitivity Pattern, Nursing Infection Control
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Ramadugula, Venkata Subramanyam, Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari, Hazem Tarek Rashed, Rakan Rafdan Alhujhuj, Essa Yousef Al-Abdullredha, and Hesham Hamad Al-Shuaibi. "Oral Manifestations of Patients Diagnosed with Dermatological Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern Province, KSA." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 10 (October 30, 2022): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22161085.
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Background: It is not unusual for oral manifestations to occur in dermatological diseases. The aim of this study was to observe and evaluate oral manifestations in patients diagnosed with dermatological diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a convenient sampling technique was conducted among patients with dermatological conditions who visited the polyclinic of King Faisal University Polyclinic of Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from Sep-Nov 2021. Results: Sixty-one percent were females, 50% were aged >30 years, 77% had higher education, 61% were unemployed, 82% were non-smokers, and 20% had some medical conditions. 14.5% suffered from immune-mediated skin disease, 25.3% had eczema, 21.7% showed dermatitis infections, 3.6% had Genodermatosis, 9.6% were with psoriasis and other keratinizing disorders, and 25.3% had miscellaneous skin conditions. 85.5% of skin patients did not have any oral manifestations; oral lesions were of perioral dermatitis (1.2%), melanotic macule (1.2%), fissured tongue (2.4%), oral lichen planus (2.4%), mucocele (2.4%), and one case of each with geographic tongue, herpes labialis, and hairy tongue. Practical ImplicationsThis study highlights the importance of integration of oral health into general health for management of oral diseases associated with other body diseases. Conclusion: The majority of the patients in this study sample with skin diseases did not show any oral manifestations. More females and aged patients had more skin conditions. Keywords: Prevalence, Oral manifestations, Dermatological conditions, Cross-sectional study
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AlKhattabi, Ghanim H. "HEPATITIS C VIRUS ANTIBODIES AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS IN MAKKAH CITY, KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, December 1, 2019, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijsr/8725764.
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BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world and evaluation of the epidemiology of HCV infection was made possible by the development of a serological assay to detect antibodies to epitopes of HCV. Hemodialysis (HD) is considered to be one of the main risk factors of HCV transmission. The prevalence of antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) in patients undergoing maintenance dialysis therapy (MDT) was found to be one of the highest among different risk groups and there is wide variation in the prevalence of HCV infection among different dialysis units and countries. Therefore, the prevalence of anti-HCV was studied in patients undergoing MDT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study is a cross section one, where a sample of 361 HD patients were selected randomly from HD centers in three governmental hospitals in Makkah city and they were subjected to assessment for the prevalence of anti-HCV by using questionnaires in addition to clinical measurements. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anti-HCVamong HD patients was 49.9% according to clinical measurements and questionnaires CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of anti-HCV among HD patients in Makkah city (49.9%) was comparable to that reported from other parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and it is almost similar to the already reported positivity rate of (43.2%) from the eastern region of KSA [1] and southern regions of KSA (45.5%). [2, 3] However, Strict adherence to universal precautions as recommended by the Center for Diseases Control (CDC), meticulous regular disinfection of HD machines, Strict isolation of HCV-positive patients, dedicated dialysis machines and nursing staff at new dialysis set-up could possibly be the reasons of relatively low anti-HCV positivity at the current study than that reported by Shaheen, et al [3, 4] , from four centers in the western region of KSA, (72.3%) and that by Huraib, et al [5] [6] in their multi-center study in KSA, (68%) as well as the mean national rate.[3, 7] On the other hand, the use of more sensitive third generation enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique, long duration on HD, multiple blood transfusions, patients with dialysis treatment in multi-centers, factors related to infrastructure, environment and operational system might be responsible for the high prevalence of anti-HCV found in this study than that reported earlier by Saeed, et al [8] from Riyadh and those observed in the central region of KSA.[9]Although routes of transmission are still unclear, early detection of all infected patients is mandatory for HCV prophylaxis in HD patients. Furthermore, an intensive educational program for staff members, HD patients and proper evaluation of the HD situation are needed. Thus, observation of appropriate preventive measures by all HDcenters is paramount
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Zreiq, Rafat, Fahad D. Algahtani, Reem M. Ali, Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar, Shadi Suleiman, Fares Alshammari, Ehab B. Rakha, and Hamoud F. Alshammari. "Rate of hepatitis B infection in hospital patients and blood donors in Ha'il, KSA and associated risk factors." International journal of health sciences, July 20, 2022, 10747–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.10878.
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HBV infection is HBV infection is still a major public health and economic concern worldwide. Therefore, epidemiological studies are still at high concern. There are no epidemiological studies conducted for the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in Ha'il in Saudi Arabia so far. This study aimed to estimate the rate of hepatitis B infection and identifying potential risk factors, among patients/blood donors at King Khalid general hospital in Ha'il, KSA. Therefore, a retrospective analysis was performed to estimate Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity among patients/blood donors. Data of 3727 patients/blood donors for HBsAg test was collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Correlations and regression analysis were performed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) programs. The level of statistical significance for the study was set at p < 0.05. The results showed that the rate of HBsAg among patients/blood donors was 1.1%. The rate of HBsAg was higher in male, age group >50 years old, blood donors and kidney artificial unit as well as gastroenterology/hepatology patients and in September. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that only male (P<0.01), progressing age (P<0.001), blood donors (P<0.05) as well as gastroenterology/hepatology patients (P<0.01) made significant contributions to prediction.
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Akram, Muhammad Abdul Rehman. "Ocular Presentations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Patients undergoing highly- active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) Therapy in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Pakistan Journal of Ophthalmology 35, no. 3 (January 16, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.36351/pjo.v35i3.902.
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Purpose:
To detect the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) related ocular manifestations in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Study Design: Retrospective study
Place and duration of study: A one-year retrospective study was conducted in Ophthalmology Clinic of East Jeddah Hospital in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during 2016-2017
Material and methods
A one-year retrospective study was conducted in the Ophthalmology Clinic of East Jeddah Hospital in the western region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during 2016-2017. 47 referrals of HIV-positive patient data were collected from the Infectious Diseases Department by taking history, clinical examinations and, laboratory investigations. The ophthalmological examination included adnexal examination, bestcorrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), anterior and posterior segment examination, B-scan and, MRI.
Results
Out of 47 referred patients from the In and Out-patient Departments in East Jeddah Hospital, patients presented as follows:
Single patient cases of retinal necrosis, anterior uveitis and neovascular glaucoma, with pterygium,sixth nerve palsy, bacterial conjunctivitis and, adenoviral conjunctivitis. Two cases presented with HIV microangiopathy, blepharitis, cortical blindness after brain abscess, herpes infection, Kaposi sarcoma and, cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Three patients presented with tuberculosis meningitis, and six with dry eyes. Eight patients presented with cataracts, and ten with refractive errors.
Conclusions
Ocular manifestations of HIV infection are relatively infrequent.HAART treatment is responsible for decreasing the HIV-related complications in ophthalmology. The CD4 T-lymphocyte result can be used to predict the beginning of certain eye infections in HIV-positive patients. Hidden indicators of complications of AIDS in patients confirm the strong rationale for alternating visits with those to an ophthalmologist and professionals discussing the best treatment accordingly.
Keywords: Ocular, HIV, AIDS, HAART
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Abbas, Mohammed, Ali Mahmoud Mohammed Edris, Bahaeldin K. Elamin, Karimeldin Mohamed Ali Salih, and Assad Ali Rezigall. "Prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV Among Blood Donors in Bisha (Saudi Arabia)." Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, December 1, 2020, 278–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51758/agjsr-04-2020-0016.
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Introduction: Blood donation is considered an essential practice that saves millions of lives; however, unsafe transfusion practices also put millions of people at risk of transfusion-transmissible infections. This study is aimed to describe the seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in King Abdulla hospital (Bisha, KSA) in the duration from March 2013 to April 2019. Methods: The study design is a retrospective cross-sectional hospital-based. The study investigates the percentages of the hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors. The included samples were 16218. All samples were tested in the central blood bank by ELISA methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23 (2015). Result: All the blood donors were males. The age of donors ranged from 18 to 55 and most of them were in the age group 20-30 years (37.3). The prevalence of HBC, HCV and HIV were 0.5%, 0.3% and 0.1% respectively. Percentages reported in Bisha were the lowest across Saudi Arabia.
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Alshammari, Abdulaziz Dhahir, Dr Jean B. Bail, and Dr Steven J. Parillo. "PPE Misuse and its Effect on Infectious Disease Among EMS in Saudi Arabia." Journal of Student Research 8, no. 1 (October 13, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v8i1.592.
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Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responders provide medical services in diverse, unique and dangerous environments. EMS provides care to diverse and mobile populations who are likely to contract infectious diseases. In addition to responding to the emergency situations, the EMS are also attending to the homeless, trauma victims and nursing home patients in addition to critically ill patients with diverse diseases and infections. Like most healthcare professionals, EMS responders are faced with increased exposure to infectious conditions. As a result, they are concerned with their safety and preventive measures against any infection. The aim of this study is to assess whether EMS follows the standard guidelines provided by the Saudi Red Crescent Authority (SRCA) to avoid being infected. Using the standard SRCA observational tool, EMS Red Crescent workers in various stations, EMS station 1 (17 paramedics), EMS station 2 (11 paramedics) and EMS station 3 (16 paramedics), were observed on whether they follow the provided standard Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) guidelines to avoid being infected whether by MERS or other diseases. The results indicate that most of the EMS staff did not implement the PPE standard procedure or failed to demonstrate the skills on the application of the standards. Failure to follow the safety standards and guidelines is the main cause of infections among the EMS staff (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018). Therefore, there is need to provide comprehensive training on the standard guidelines and safety measures to prevent the occurrences of infections among the EMS workforce.
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Alziyadi, Shatha Hallal, Ashwaq Khader Alharthi, Sara Mohammed Alnemari, Reham Ahmed Abdulaziz, Rahaf Yasser Altowairqi, Lama Kabrah, and Mohammad Abdulaziz Samman. "Awareness, attitudes and perceptions about HPV and anti-HPV vaccine among women living in Taif, Saudi Arabia." International journal of health sciences, September 4, 2022, 9528–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns6.12489.
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There has been a recent surge in the number of cases of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in Saudi Arabia, despite the country's reputation for conservatism and lower incidence of other sexually transmitted diseases.. The study aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge of HPV and acceptability HPV vaccination among the female population in the Taif region. A survey was conducted among females aged 18-58 years who were residents of Taif city. A pretested questionnaire was used that included sociodemographic details and items that recorded awareness, knowledge, attitude, and perceptions related to HPV and anti-HPV vaccination. A mixture of convenience and snowball sampling techniques was used to collect responses. About 47.1% had awareness regarding HPV and only 14.8% knew that HPV is a common infection in Saudi Arabia. However, 78.2% knew that unsafe sexual relations could increase the risk of infection with HPV. But only 15.8% believed that there is a treatment for HPV infection. The knowledge related to HPV was found to be poor among 58.5%, and only 10.9% demonstrated poor knowledge. Campaigns to educate people of all ages about human papillomavirus to remain essential for increasing HPV vaccination rates, particularly among women of reproductive age.
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Hakami, Nora Yahia. "The Most Common Causes of Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases among Blood Donors in the Middle Eastern States." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, March 1, 2021, 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i531181.
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The need for blood is essential, but there is no timely access to safe blood for millions of individuals who need a transfusion. Additionally, blood transfusions can also be the fastest and simplest form of checking for the existence of transfusion-transmitted diseases to the recipients. Blood safety concerns are an issue of great concern in Middle Eastern Countries in which the inaccessibility or provision of unsafe blood has an adverse effect on morbidity and mortality in the region. Additionally, many organizations and safety procedures of blood transfusion in this region need to be updated. Articles containing the key phrases Middle Eastern Countries, Blood, blood donor, blood transfusion, transfusion safety, transfusion-transmitted infections, and transfusion guidelines published from 2003 to 2020 in MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Therefore, to determine the most prevalent causes of transfusion-transmitted disease among blood donors in the Middle East countries, this literature review was intended for research.
Based on the data gathered were potentially related to HBsAg and HCV prevalence in blood donors from most of the middle eastern countries. While no positive cases of either HIV Ag-Ab or syphilis antibodies have been recorded especially among the blood donated from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Based on recent studies findings, WHO, and the Food and Drug administration transfusion transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to recipients did not occur via blood transfusion. So that, In Middle Eastern countries, transfusion-transmitted infection remains a formidable problem. A similarly wide constellation of economic and operational challenges in the area parallels the diverse array of pathogens; this calls for a systemic solution that, as proposed by the WHO, involves regulatory, structural, and training initiatives.
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"Incidence of Needlestick Injuries in Oral Surgery Clinic among Dental Students: A Retrospective Study." World Journal of Dentistry 9, no. 1 (2018): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1502.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Practitioners in the dental field carry an occupational risk of injuries when performing routine procedures and hence the possible contraction of serious infections. Dental college students are considered at a higher risk because they start performing such procedures with no or very little experience. Although needlestick injuries (NSIs) are preventable, they are still a common happening and the main concern is the risk of transfer of more than 20 pathogens. The most serious are hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Aim The aim of this study is to evaluate the incidence and patterns of NSIs sustained by undergraduate dental students in Oral Surgery Clinics at College of Dentistry (Jazan University), Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods This was a retrospective epidemiological investigation conducted among 230 undergraduate dental students studying at College of Dentistry (Jazan). Fourth, fifth, and sixth year undergraduate dental students and interns working in the Department of Oral Surgery were included. Those who were not willing to participate were excluded from the study. An anonymous questionnaire proforma was prepared including closed- and open-ended questions divided into two parts. Data were entered into Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 17.0) statistical software for analysis. Results More than half of the sample size (54.8%) had suffered sharp instruments injury in different anatomical sites, and of these, 67.4% were pricked with gloves on. Only 27% of the students reported to the faculty after being pricked. Most of the participants (55.3%) had a single incidence of injury during the past 1 year and 16.2% were stuck for several times. Fingers (60.7%) were the most commonly affected anatomical site pricked by sharp instruments, followed by the thumb (22.2%), hand (9.6%), and palm (7.4%). Conclusion Infection control teaching and training should be an integral part of the curriculum of all disciplines in health care including medical, dental, and paramedics. How to cite this article Ali FM, Al-Iryani GM, Mdabesh HY, Essa AA, Nammazi AM, Kariri MA, Somaili DMY. Incidence of Needlestick Injuries in Oral Surgery Clinic among Dental Students: A Retrospective Study. World J Dent 2018;9(1):29-33.