Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV infections Laos Epidemiology

Academic literature on the topic 'HIV infections Laos Epidemiology'

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Published: 10 December 2022
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Journal articles on the topic "HIV infections Laos Epidemiology"

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Otokiti, O. E. "Sero-Epidemiology And Pattern Of Transfusion-Transmissible Infectious Diseases Among Family Replacement And Voluntary Blood Donors In Lagos University Teaching Hospital (2018-2019), South-West Nigeria." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, Supplement_1 (October 2020): S168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.366.

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Abstract Introduction/Objective Despite innovations and giant strides achieved in medicine, blood transfusion has continually remained an integral aspect of patient care and management. Currently, blood and blood products are part of the World Health Organisation (WHO) model list of Essential Medicine (EML). However, despite being a ‘life saver’, potential risks of transfusion of fatal infections (TTI) are associated with its use, hence this study to evaluate the trend of TTI in blood donors. Methods In this study, 21,464 donors were screened for HIV, HBV, HCV and Syphilis between 2018 and 2019 via 4 th generation ELISA. Retrospective data was gotten from records. The results were read using a spectrophotometer. Optical Density was calculated for positive and negative controls and only results from runs in which controls had passed were used and released. Results Of the 21,464donors tested, 3818 (17%) were voluntary blood donors (VBD) and 17,646 (83%) were family replacement donors (FRP). Total number of TTI was 1928 (0.1%) of units donated. Of the screened units positive for TTI, HBV accounted for the highest prevalence 1031 (54%), HCV 498 (26%), HIV 246 (13%) and Syphilis 147 (8%). A much higher incidence of TTI sero-positivity was observed in FRP (85%) as compared with voluntary blood donors (15%). Cumulative discard rate from TTI was approximately 0.1%. Conclusion Our results in this study showed that FRP are more likely to transmit TTI than VBD. Blood transfusion services should work more on replacing family replacement donors with voluntary donors. This can be achieved by reinforcing the culture of voluntary blood donation through the media, secondary and higher institutions as well as through advocacy. Indeed the WHO recommends 100% voluntary blood donations for all nations.
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Peng, Huasong, Muhammad Bilal, and Hafiz Iqbal. "Improved Biosafety and Biosecurity Measures and/or Strategies to Tackle Laboratory-Acquired Infections and Related Risks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 2697. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122697.

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Herein, we reviewed laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) along with their health-related biological risks to provide an evidence base to tackle biosafety/biosecurity and biocontainment issues. Over the past years, a broad spectrum of pathogenic agents, such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, or genetically modified organisms, have been described and gained a substantial concern due to their profound biological as well as ecological risks. Furthermore, the emergence and/or re-emergence of life-threatening diseases are of supreme concern and come under the biosafety and biosecurity agenda to circumvent LAIs. Though the precise infection risk after an exposure remains uncertain, LAIs inspections revealed that Brucella spp., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Neisseria meningitidis are the leading causes. Similarly, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as hepatitis B (HBV) and C viruses (HCV), and the dimorphic fungi are accountable for the utmost number of viral and fungal-associated LAIs. In this context, clinical laboratories at large and microbiology, mycology, bacteriology, and virology-oriented laboratories, in particular, necessitate appropriate biosafety and/or biosecurity measures to ensure the safety of laboratory workers and working environment, which are likely to have direct or indirect contact/exposure to hazardous materials or organisms. Laboratory staff education and training are indispensable to gain an adequate awareness to handle biologically hazardous materials as per internationally recognized strategies. In addition, workshops should be organized among laboratory workers to let them know the epidemiology, pathogenicity, and human susceptibility of LAIs. In this way, several health-related threats that result from the biologically hazardous materials can be abridged or minimized and controlled by the correct implementation of nationally and internationally certified protocols that include proper microbiological practices, containment devices/apparatus, satisfactory facilities or resources, protective barriers, and specialized education and training of laboratory staffs. The present work highlights this serious issue of LAIs and associated risks with suitable examples. Potential preventive strategies to tackle an array of causative agents are also discussed. In this respect, the researchers and scientific community may benefit from the lessons learned in the past to anticipate future problems.
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Phongmany, Simaly, Jean-Marc Rolain, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Stuart D. Blacksell, Vimone Soukkhaseum, Bouachanh Rasachack, Khamphong Phiasakha, et al. "Rickettsial Infections and Fever, Vientiane, Laos." Emerging Infectious Diseases 12, no. 2 (February 2006): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1202.050900.

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Dubot-Pérès, Audrey, Mayfong Mayxay, Rattanaphone Phetsouvanh, Sue J. Lee, Sayaphet Rattanavong, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Viengmon Davong, et al. "Management of Central Nervous System Infections, Vientiane, Laos, 2003–2011." Emerging Infectious Diseases 25, no. 5 (May 2019): 898–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2505.180914.

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Desjeux, P., and J. Alvar. "Leishmania/HIV co-infections: epidemiology in Europe." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 97, sup1 (October 2, 2003): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/000349803225002499.

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Weber, J. "The biology and epidemiology of HIV infections." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 23, suppl A (January 1, 1989): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/23.suppl_a.1.

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Joseph Afe, Abayomi, Niyi Adewum, Abieyuwa Emokpa, Tolu Fagorala, Disu Aruma E., Gbadegesin Abidoye, Ismaila Ganikale, and Rosemary Audu. "Outcome of PMTCT services and factors affecting vertical transmission of HIV infection in Lagos, Nigeria." HIV & AIDS Review 10, no. 1 (March 2011): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hivar.2011.02.001.

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Adekunle, Motunrayo Oluwabukola, Peter Odion Ubuane, Barakat Adeola Animasahun, Maria Augustina Afadapa, and Monsuru Abiodun Akinola. "Epidemiology of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV infection in a tertiary institution in Lagos State, Nigeria." Annals of Infection 4 (August 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/aoi-19-13.

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Takebe, Y., H. Sato, K. Taniguchi, Y. Tomita, A. Ono, S. Oka, T. Miyakuni, et al. "Molecular epidemiology of HIV-1 infections in asia." Pathophysiology 1 (November 1994): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0928-4680(94)90151-1.

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Olczak, Anita. "Gynecologic infections in HIV-infected women." HIV & AIDS Review 6, no. 4 (January 2007): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1730-1270(10)60052-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV infections Laos Epidemiology"

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Serna, Bolea Cèlia. "Epidemiología de las fases tempranas de la infección por el VIH en pacientes ambulatorios de una zona semi-rural del sur de Mozambique." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/83499.

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Las etapas iniciales de la infección por VIH se caracterizan por elevados niveles de ARN viral, que pueden estar contribuyendo significativamente a la transmisión del virus y al mantenimiento de la epidemia. Existe poca información sobre estas etapas precoces de la infección en zonas de África donde predomina el subtipo C del VIH. Este trabajo ha caracterizado la epidemiología y los parámetros inmuno-virológicos de las fases iniciales de la infección por VIH en una zona del sur de Mozambique La primera parte de este trabajo se enfocó en la identificación de infecciones agudas (AHI) en pacientes ambulatorios de una zona semi-rural del sur de Mozambique. En esta zona endémica de malaria, la población está habituada a acudir al hospital tras sentir síntomas febriles característicos de la malaria, pero también del síndrome retroviral agudo del VIH. Esta situación, presente en muchos países del sur de África, presenta una oportunidad de dirigir una búsqueda de casos de AHI hacia pacientes con síndrome febril. Usando esta estrategia, se describió una elevada prevalencia de AHI (3.3%) en los pacientes ambulatorios con síndrome febril. Estos pacientes mostraron elevados niveles de carga viral (CV) y de activación de las células T-CD8. En la segunda parte de este trabajo, se caracterizó la infección reciente por VIH, definida como los primeros 12 meses desde la infección. Se encontró una baja prevalencia de infecciones recientes por VIH (11.58%) en personas que acuden voluntariamente al centro de asesoramiento para VIH del hospital. Un grupo de pacientes identificados con infección reciente por VIH mostraron, como en el caso de los AHI, elevados niveles de carga viral por encima de 105 copias/ml de plasma que fueron mantenidos durante los 10 meses de seguimiento. Estos pacientes con elevados niveles de CV representarían un mayor riesgo de transmisión del VIH, señalando la importancia en la identificación de infecciones agudas y recientes para las estrategias de prevención del VIH. Los resultados de esta tesis reúnen información sobre la epidemiología de las fases iniciales de la infección por VIH en una zona de elevada prevalencia donde no había datos previos. Estos resultados contribuyen a la caracterización de las fases tempranas de la infección por VIH con la perspectiva de llevar a cabo intervenciones en las fases iniciales para mejorar el pronóstico del paciente y disminuir el riesgo de transmisión. Además apoyan la necesidad de más desarrollo de pruebas de diagnóstico rápido para la detección de las fases tempranas en condiciones locales.
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De, la Harpe Alana. "A comparative analysis of mathematical models for HIV epidemiology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96983.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: HIV infection is one of the world’s biggest health problems, with millions of people infected worldwide. HIV infects cells in the immune system, where it primarily targets CD4+ T helper cells and without treatment, the disease leads to the collapse of the host immune system and ultimately death. Mathematical models have been used extensively to study the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS. They have proven to be effective tools in studying the transmission dynamics of HIV. These models provide predictions that can help better our understanding of the epidemiological patterns of HIV, especially the mechanism associated with the spread of the disease. In this thesis we made a functional comparison between existing epidemiological models for HIV, with the focus of the comparison on the force of infection (FOI). The spread of infection is a crucial part of any infectious disease, as the dynamics of the disease depends greatly on the rate of transmission from an infectious individual to a susceptible individual. First, a review was done to see what deterministic epidemiological models exist. We found that many manuscripts do not provide the necessary information to recreate the authors’ results and only a small amount of the models could be simulated. The reason for this is mainly due to a lack of information or due to mistakes in the article. The models were divided into four categories for the analysis. On the basis of the FOI, we distinguished between frequency- or density-dependent transmission, and as a second criterion we distinguished models on the sexual activity of the AIDS group. Subsequently, the models were compared in terms of their FOI, within and between these classes. We showed that for larger populations, frequency-dependent transmission should be used. This is the case for HIV, where the disease is mainly spread through sexual contact. Inclusion of AIDS patients in the group of infectious individuals is important for the accuracy of transmission dynamics. More than half of the studies that were selected in the review assumed that AIDS patients are too sick to engage in risky sexual behaviour. We see that including AIDS patients in the infectious individuals class has a significant effect on the FOI when the value for the probability of transmission for an individual with AIDS is bigger than that of the other classes. The analysis shows that the FOI can vary depending on the parameter values and the assumptions made. Many models compress various parameter values into one, most often the transmission probability. Not showing the parameter values separately makes it difficult to understand how the FOI works, since there are unknown factors that have an influence. Improving the accuracy of the FOI can help us to better understand what factors influence it, and also produce more realistic results. Writing the probability of transmission as a function of the viral load can help to make the FOI more accurate and also help in the understanding of the effects that viral dynamics have on the population transmission dynamics.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: MIV-infeksie is een van die wêreld se grootste gesondheidsprobleme, met miljoene mense wat wêreldwyd geïnfekteer is. MIV infekteer selle in die immuunstelsel, waar dit hoofsaaklik CD4+ T-helperselle teiken. Sonder behandeling lei die siekte tot die ineenstorting van die gasheer se immuunstelsel en uiteindelik sy dood. Wiskundige modelle word breedvoerig gebruik om die epidemiologie van MIV/vigs te bestudeer. Die modelle is doeltreffende instrumente in die studie van die oordrag-dinamika van MIV. Hulle lewer voorspellings wat kan help om ons begrip van epidemiologiese patrone van MIV, veral die meganisme wat verband hou met die verspreiding van die siekte, te verbeter. In hierdie tesis het ons ‘n funksionele vergelyking tussen bestaande epidemiologiese modelle vir MIV gedoen, met die fokus van die vergelyking op die tempo van infeksie (TVI). Die verspreiding van infeksie is ‘n belangrike deel van enige aansteeklike siekte, aangesien die dinamika van die siekte grootliks afhang van die tempo van oordrag van ‘n aansteeklike persoon na ‘n vatbare persoon. ‘n Oorsig is gedoen om te sien watter kompartementele epidemiologiese modelle alreeds bestaan. Ons het gevind dat baie van die manuskripte nie die nodige inligting voorsien wat nodig is om die resultate van die skrywers te repliseer nie, en slegs ‘n klein hoeveelheid van die modelle kon gesimuleer word. Die rede hiervoor is hoofsaaklik as gevolg van ‘n gebrek aan inligting of van foute in die artikel. Die modelle is in vier kategorieë vir die analise verdeel. Op grond van die TVI het ons tussen frekwensie- of digtheidsafhanklike oordrag onderskei, en as ‘n tweede kriterium het ons die modelle op die seksuele aktiwiteit van die vigs-groep onderskei. Daarna is die modelle binne en tussen die klasse vergelyk in terme van hul TVIs. Daar is gewys dat frekwensie-afhanklike oordrag gebruik moet word vir groter bevolkings. Dit is die geval van MIV, waar die siekte hoofsaaklik versprei word deur seksuele kontak. Die insluiting van die vigs-pasiënte in die groep van aansteeklike individue is belangrik vir die akkuraatheid van die oordrag-dinamika van MIV. Meer as helfte van die uitgesoekte studies aanvaar dat vigs-pasiënte te siek is om betrokke te raak by riskante seksuele gedrag. Ons sien dat die insluiting van vigs-pasiënte in die groep van aansteeklike individue ‘n beduidende uitwerking op die TVI het wanneer die waarde van die waarskynlikheid van oordrag van ‘n individu met vigs groter is as dié van die ander klasse. Die analise toon dat die TVI kan wissel afhangende van die parameter waardes en die aannames wat gemaak is. Baie modelle voeg verskeie parameter waardes bymekaar vir die waarskynlikheid van oordrag. Wanneer die parameter waardes nie apart gewys word nie, is dit moeilik om die werking van die TVI te verstaan, want daar is onbekende faktore wat ‘n invloed op die TVI het. Die verbetering van die akkuraatheid van die TVI kan ons help om die faktore wat dit beïnvloed beter te verstaan, en dit kan ook help om meer realistiese resultate te produseer. Om die waarskynlikheid van oordrag as ‘n funksie van die viruslading te skryf kan help om die TVI meer akkuraat te maak en dit kan ook help om die effek wat virale dinamika op die bevolkingsoordrag-dinamika het, beter te verstaan.
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Eaton, Twilla. "Epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium complex infecting AIDS patients." Thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03302010-020032/.

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Rose, Penelope Cathryn. "Tuberculosis treatment delay in adults and household transmission to children: a community-based study in a setting with high burden of tuberculosis and HIV." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16726.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) control depends on interrupting transmission through rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation of infectious TB cases. With increasing delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB, disease is likely to progress, leading to progressive lung cavitation and increased sputum bacillary load, likely increasing TB transmission. This study investigated the effect of treatment delay in adult TB patients on the risk of TB infection and disease in child household contacts. Methodology: Secondary analysis was performed using data from a community-based household contact investigation study. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted of baseline data collected at enrolment. Children aged three months to fifteen years with documented household exposure to an adult with TB were enrolled between December 2007 and June 2012. These children were screened for TB infection (Mantoux tuberculin skin test [TST] and two interferon-gamma release assays [IGRA]) and disease. Total treatment delay was measured in adult TB source cases as the time from cough onset until treatment initiation, with those reporting no cough serving as the reference category. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of total treatment delay in adults on the risk of TB infection in child household contacts, with TB disease evaluated as a secondary endpoint. Results In total 671 children were enrolled as household contacts of 290 adult TB source cases. In multivariate analysis, the odds of TST positivity increased with cough duration ≥4 weeks prior to TB treatment initiation (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77 [95% CI 1.02-3.09] for cough <4 weeks; OR = 2.74 [95% confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.39-5.40] for cough 4-12 weeks; OR = 2.39 [95% CI = 1.19-4.82] for cough >12 weeks, compared to non-coughing adult TB patients), child's age ≥5 years (OR = 4.51, [95% CI = 2.60-7.83]), sharing the same bedroom (OR = 2.17, [95% CI = 1.43-3.31]), more than one household TB contact (OR = 2.70, [95% CI = 1.35- 2 5.42]) and with household tobacco smoke exposure (OR = 2.10, [95% CI = 1.22-3.61]). Adult TB source case HIV status did not modify the association between cough duration and risk of infection in children. Results of analyses of TB infection indicated by IGRA positivity were consistent with TST results. Prevalent TB disease in child contacts was associated with source case sputum smear and culture positivity, additional household TB contacts and decreasing age of the child. Conclusions: Delays of longer than four weeks from cough onset until TB treatment initiation were associated with increased risk of TB infection in child household contacts. These findings confirm the importance of reducing delays in TB diagnosis and treatment in adults to reduce transmission, ideally to less than four weeks. Although HIV co -infected TB patients are often considered less infectious, delayed treatment initiation remained associated with TB transmission, even amongst HIV co-infected adults with TB. In addition to the traditional risk factors for developing TB disease after infection, source case exposure factors also increased the risk of exposed children developing TB disease.
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Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.

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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.
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Bezerra, Leila Maria Machado. "PrevalÃncia de co-infecÃÃo pelos vÃrus linfotrÃpico de cÃlulas T humanas do adulto â HTLV e vÃrus da imunodeficÃncia adquirida â HIV, no CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2003. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7673.

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No Brasil vÃrios estudos demonstraram prevalÃncia de coinfecÃÃo pelos vÃrus linfotrÃpico de cÃlulas T humanas â HTLV e vÃrus da imunodeficiÃncia humana â HIV, dentre grupos especÃficos de indivÃduos, que variou de 0,58% a 11,4%. O CearÃ, segundo dados anteriores, representa dentre os Estados do Nordeste, uma Ãrea de baixa endemicidade para a infecÃÃo pelos vÃrus HTLV. Este estudo tem por objetivo estudar aspectos clÃnicos e epidemiolÃgicos da coinfecÃÃo por HTLV e HIV, em Hospital de referÃncia para tratamento de pacientes com HIV do CearÃ. Este estudo à descritivo, do tipo transversal, realizado no perÃodo de maio de 2001 a outubro de 2002. Foram colhidas 420 amostras de sangue de pacientes soropositivos ao HIV, confirmados por Elisa e Western Blot que posteriormente foram testadas para HTLV-I/II, no Centro de Hematologia do Cearà â HEMOCE. Entrevistou-se 337 pacientes e pesquisou-se 165 prontuÃrios mÃdicos para obtenÃÃo de informaÃÃes referentes à dados sÃcio-econÃmicos, fatores de risco para HTLV, prÃticas sexuais e aspectos clÃnicos. Os resultados revelaram valor de soroprevalÃncia geral de 0,95%, distribuÃdos em 0,23% de HIV-HTLV-I e 0,47% de HIV-HTLV-II, seguido de 01 (0,23%) amostra com sorologia indeterminada. NÃo foi evidenciada concomitÃncia de infecÃÃo pelos vÃrus HTLV-I e HTLV-II. A populaÃÃo estudada concentrou maior nÃmero de pacientes na faixa etÃria de 30 a 39 anos, era predominantemente de baixa renda (67,6%), menor grau de escolaridade (44,8%) e constituÃda na sua maioria por heterossexuais (67,8%). Quanto Ãs manifestaÃÃes clÃnicas pesquisadas em 119 indivÃduos, 105 (88,2%) manifestaram doenÃa intercorrente e 14 (11,8%) foram assintomÃticos, sendo 111 (93,27%) com definiÃÃo para diagnÃstico de AIDS. Um percentual elevado dos entrevistados amamentou (38,5%), sendo baixa a exposiÃÃo ao uso de tatuagem (12,2%) e a transfusÃo de sangue (15,9%). Foi notada que a escassez no uso de drogas intravenosas (4,8%), um menor nÃmero de negros (5,6%) e maior nÃmero de preferÃncia heterossexual (67,8%), poderiam ser os principais fatores apontados como responsÃveis pela baixa prevalÃncia encontrada em nosso Estado.
Several studies carried out in Brazil have shown a serum-prevalence rate of HIV / HTLV (Human Immunodeficiency - virus / Human T-Lymphotropic virus) co-infection of 0.58% to 11.4% among specific groups of individuals. Based on previous data, the State of Cearà is considered an area of low HTLV prevalence in the northeastern Brasil. This study evaluated the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the HIV / HTLV co-infection in a reference hospital for the treatment of HIV infected patients in CearÃ. A descriptive, cross sectional study was performed, in the period of May of 2001 to October of 2002. Blood samples were randomly collected from 420 HIV-positive patients, through Elisa and Western Blot tests, that later were serologically tested for HTLV-I/II in the Hematological Center of Cearà - HEMOCE. Interviews were done in 337 patients and 165 files were searched for socio-economic, risk factors for HTLV, sexual practice and clinical aspects. The results confirmed a general seroprevalence value of 0.95%, distributed as 0.23% of HIV-HTLV-I and 0.47% of HIV-HTLV-II, followed by one (0.23%) sample of undetermined serology. Concomitant infection was not evidenced by the viruses HTLV-I and HTLV-II. The population studied was more frequently 30 to 39 years old, had predominantly lower income (67.6%) and educational (44.8%) levels and were heterosexual mainly (67,8%). In 119 patients evaluated, 105 (88.2%) complained of HIV-related diseases, 14 (11.8%) were asymptomatic and 111 (93.3%) were diagnosed with AIDS. An elevated percentage was breast fed (38.5%), few had had tattoos (12.2%), and also did receive blood products (15,9%). The scarce use of intravenous drugs (4.8%), the few numbers of black individuals (5.6%) and higher numbers of heterosexuals (67.8%), were pointed as possible reasons for the low HTLV prevalence found in this research.
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Labeodan, Moremi Morire OreOluwapo. "Stochastic analysis of AIDS epidemiology." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.l.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10172009-112824.

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Andersson, Sören. "HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa : studies of immune responses, prevailing viruses and epidemiological trends /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3735-4/.

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Okeke, Michael Ifeanyi. "Behaviors Related to HIV Infections in Rural Versus Urban Regions of Nigeria." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2165.

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Efforts by the Federal Republic of Nigeria and international nongovernmental agencies to reduce the impact of HIV in Nigeria have not yielded the anticipated results. This study focused on the association between attitude, religious beliefs, knowledge of HIV, sexual risk behavior, and HIV epidemiology in rural and urban Nigeria. This quantitative study used social-cognitive theory and problem theory. The study was based on the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013 data including a sample of 33,006 participants. Specific covariates including gender, sexual partners over the past years, age at first sexual encounter, socioeconomic status, and literacy level were obtained from the sample. Two hypotheses from each research question were tested to guide the study methodology. Linear regression results suggested that knowledge, attitude, location, and religion predicted sexual risk behavior. Muslims showed the least sexual risk behaviors compared to other religions while more positive attitudes and more knowledge increased sexual risk behaviours. Location had no significant impact on sexual risk behavior. Spearman correlation results depicted a relationship between knowledge and sexual risk behaviors of urban and rural Nigerians separately. More knowledge depicted an increase in sexual risk behaviors. The study results may be useful to Ministry of Health and program planners in constructing culturally based HIV interventions. The significant relationship between knowledge, attitude towards sex, and religious practices may be incorporated with theoretical knowledge on social-cognitive variables to enhance further understanding of the way in which individuals may engage in preventive behaviors to reduce HIV and its effects in Nigeria. Reductions in the spread of HIV/AIDS would lead to a healthy and more productive society.
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10

Boyd, Anders. "Clinical epidemiology of multi-viral hepatitis infection among HIV-HBV infected patients." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066618.

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Ces dix dernières années, l'allongement de l'espérance de vie des patients infectés par le VIH s'est accompagné de l'apparition de co-morbidités, en particulier hépatiques, dues aux co-infections chroniques par les virus des hépatites B (VHB), C (VHC) et Delta (VHD). Alors que les patients co-infectés par le VIH-VHB sont plus à risque d'être infectés par d'autres virus des hépatites chroniques, les données concernant spécifiquement l'influence respective des co-infections VHC, VHD et VHC-VHD sur les conséquences cliniques, le suivi virologique et l'efficacité du traitement dans le contexte du VIH sont quasi-inexistantes. A l'occasion de ce travail de thèse, nous avons montré dans un premier temps que l'hépatite Delta était un facteur prédictif majeur de fibrose et cirrhose par rapport aux patients co-infecté par le VIH-VHB ou VIH-VHB-VHC. Ensuite, nous avons montré que l'infection par le VHD est associée par une suppression de la réplication du VHB et VHC, même en présence d'un traitement antiviral efficace. Cependant, la persistance de blips de charge virale suggère qu'il est indispensable de mettre en place un suivi virologique rapproché des patients porteurs de co-infections multiples. Enfin, nous avons montré que le ténofovir, un des traitements majeurs contre le VHB, influence l'évolution de la fibrose chez les patients co-infectés VIH-VHB, mais pas chez les patients porteurs du VHD. Toutes ces données portant principalement sur l'hépatite Delta ont permis d'étayer l'impact clinique, virologique et thérapeutique de cette infection et d'apporter ainsi des éléments pour guider les recommandations de prise en charge de ces pathologies.
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Books on the topic "HIV infections Laos Epidemiology"

1

Gregson, Simon. Evidence for HIV decline in Zimbabwe: A comprehensive review of the epidemiological data. Geneva, Switzerland: UNAIDS, 2005.

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HIV/AIDS in the post-HAART era: Manifestations, treatment, and epidemiology. Shelton, CT: People's Medical Pub. House-USA, 2011.

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Pōsayačhindā, Wichai. Overview of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Thailand: A concise review of status and epidemiology. [Bangkok]: Institute of Health Research, Chulalongkorn University, 1990.

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Swaziland. National Emergency Response Council on HIV/AIDS. Swaziland HIV estimates and projections report. Mbabane, Swaziland: UNAIDS, 2010.

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Michel, Tchuenche Jean, ed. Advances in disease epidemiology. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science, 2009.

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Stochastic modeling of AIDS epidemiology and HIV pathogenesis. Singapore: World Scientific, 2000.

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Points to consider: Responses to HIV/AIDS in Africa, Asia, and the Caribbean. London: Adonis & Abbey, 2008.

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Desjardins, Danièle. SIDA, le suivi de l'épidémie au Québec: Réflexions sur un bilan des Drs Robert Remis et Elise Roy. [Québec]: Direction de l'évaluation, 1992.

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Inc, ebrary. Situacion de la epidemia de SIDA: Diciembre de 2003. Ginebra, Suiza: ONUSIDA, 2003.

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Remis, Robert S. Bilan des connaissances sur l'épidémie du SIDA et de l'infection au VIH au Québec. [Québec]: Centre d'études sur le sida, Département de santé communautaire, Hôpital général de Montréal, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV infections Laos Epidemiology"

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Hamouda, Osamah. "Global Epidemiology of HIV." In Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 249–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14663-3_23.

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Gürtler, L. G., L. Zekeng, J. M. Tsague, A. Brunn, E. Afane Ze, J. Eberle, and L. Kaptue. "HIV-1 subtype O: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and perspectives of the evolution of HIV." In Imported Virus Infections, 195–202. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7482-1_17.

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Francis, Henry L., and Thomas C. Quinn. "The International Epidemiology of HIV-1 Infections." In Medical Virology 10, 117–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3738-0_6.

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Katabira, Elly T. "Epidemiology and Comprehensive Management of HIV-Related Diarrhea in Africa." In Textbook-Atlas of Intestinal Infections in AIDS, 461–66. Milano: Springer Milan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2091-7_29.

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Garnett, Geoffrey P., and James J. C. Lewis. "The Impact of Population Growth on the Epidemiology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases." In HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa, 27–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_2.

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"HIV: introduction and epidemiology." In Oxford Handbook of Genitourinary Medicine, HIV, and Sexual Health, edited by Laura Mitchell, Bridie Howe, D. Ashley Price, Babiker Elawad, and K. Nathan Sankar, 449–56. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198783497.003.0037.

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This chapter provides background information to the events that led to the discovery of HIV. Previously fit young men who have sex with men presented with certain infections and cancers, coupled with severe immune deficiency, which was later given the name acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). This chapter gives information about the origin of HIV and its link to simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs). This chapter provides information on the geographical, and the epidemiological differences between HIV-1 and HIV-2. The chapter also explains the biological implications of HIV types and subtypes. Risk factors and transmission routes are also discussed, in addition to UK and worldwide HIV prevalence data.
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Mabey, David. "Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 1243–49. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.0801.

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Although accurate incidence figures are not available in most countries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (excluding HIV) are estimated to cause more than 5% of the global burden of disease. The burden falls especially heavily on women and infants, with more than half a million perinatal deaths attributable to syphilis annually. Mobile populations, those with many sexual partners, and those whose partners have many partners are at increased risk, and the prevalence of treatable STIs is many times higher in poor populations, who often lack access to effective treatment. Other STIs, especially those that cause genital ulceration, increase the risk of HIV transmission....
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van der Loeff, Maarten F. Schim. "Epidemiology, Natural History and Treatment of HIV-2 Infections." In Global HIV/AIDS Medicine, 637–47. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4160-2882-6.50060-5.

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"HIV Infection: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Principles of Antiretroviral Therapy." In Viral Infections and Treatment, 385–448. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14823-14.

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Mabey, David, and Anita Vas-Falcao. "Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Jackie Sherrard, 1589–96. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0188.

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Although accurate incidence figures are not available in most countries, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a large cause of morbidity worldwide. The burden falls especially heavily on women and infants, with up to half a million perinatal deaths attributable to syphilis annually. Mobile populations, those with many sexual partners, and those whose partners have many partners are at increased risk, and the prevalence of treatable STIs is many times higher in poor populations. Other STIs, especially those that cause genital ulceration, increase the risk of HIV transmission. In Western countries, the reported incidence of many STIs fell during the 1980s and 1990s, probably as a result of changes in sexual behaviour resulting from the HIV epidemic, but has increased subsequently. Although accurate data are not available from most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is no doubt that STIs are more prevalent in the developing world.
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Conference papers on the topic "HIV infections Laos Epidemiology"

1

Téguété, Ibrahima, Fatoumata Korika Tounkara, Seydou Fane, Abdoulaye Sissoko, and Youssouf Traore. "P299 Epidemiology of sexually transmitted infections at gabriel toure teaching hospital, bamako, mali." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.414.

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Reports on the topic "HIV infections Laos Epidemiology"

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Goldstein, Neal. Epidemiology Blog of Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Neal D. Goldstein, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/goldsteinepi.

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Musings on topics related to epidemiology, epidemiological methods, public and clinical health. Written by Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Dr. Goldstein is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health. With a background in biomedical informatics, he focuses on computational approaches in complex data settings, especially electronic health records and disease surveillance, to understand infectious disease transmission. This has been demonstrated through his work with blood borne pathogens (HIV and hepatitis C), COVID-19, vaccine preventable diseases, and healthcare associated infections.
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