Relevant bibliographies by topics / HIV Drug Resistance / Books

Books on the topic 'HIV Drug Resistance'

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: HIV Drug Resistance.
Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 36 books for your research on the topic 'HIV Drug Resistance.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse books on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

National AIDS and STDs Control Programme (Kenya). The Kenya HIV drug resistance country report, 2010-2011. Nairobi: National AIDS & STI Controp Programme, NASCOP, 2011.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

HIV Drug Resistance Technical Working Group (Namibia). Report on early warning indicators of HIV drug resistance in Namibia, 2014. Windhoek: Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Health and Social Services, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

National AIDS and STDs Control Programme (Kenya). National HIV drug resistance prevention, monitoring, and surveillance plan: FY 2008-2012. Nairobi, Kenya: National AIDS/STI Control Program, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Subdivision, Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services Directorate of Special Programmes Response Monitoring &. Evaluation. Report on the 2010 HIV drug resistance survey: Population-based monitoring of HIV drug resistance emerging during treatment and related programme factors in sentinel antiretroviral therapy sites in Namibia. Windhoek: Directorate of Special Programmes, Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision, 2013.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Namibia. Ministry of Health and Social Services. Directorate of Special Programmes. Response Monitoring & Evaluation Subdivision. Report of the 2006 Namibia HIV Drug Sensitivity Survey. Windhoek, Namibia: Directorate of Special Programmes, Division Expanded National HIV/AIDS Coordination, Subdivision: Response Monitoring & Evaluation, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Namibia. Ministry of Health and Social Services. The Republic of Namibia HIV drug resistance surveillance strategy, 2013/2014-2017/2018. Windhoek: Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Health and Social Services, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation, ed. Addressing the threat of drug-resistant tuberculosis: A realistic assessment of the challenge : workshop summary. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Esté, José Andrés. Mode of action and development of resistance to human immunodeficiency virus inhibitors that are targeted at early stages of infection. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1999.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Huemer, Richard P. The natural health guide to beating the supergerms and other infections, including colds, flus, ear infections, and even HIV: Use vitamins and nutrients to turn your body into the ultimate germ killer. Edited by Challem Jack. New York: Pocket Books, 1997.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

World Health Organization (WHO). Management of MDR-TB: A field guide, a companion document to Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2009.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis: Assessing the U.S. response to an emerging global threat : hearing before the Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, February 27, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Ji, Hezhao, ed. Current Research on HIV Drug Resistance. MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-5512-6.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Antiretoviral (ARV) drug resistance in the developing world. Rockville, Md: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Thu, Ye, and Naiel Nassar. HIV-1 Resistance to Antiretroviral Drugs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0021.

Full text
Abstract:
Numerous epidemiologic studies of antiretroviral resistance in both treatment-experienced and treatment-naive individuals have been performed in the potent combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) era. The development of antiretroviral resistance depends on previous antiretroviral exposure, compliance with the medication, and availability of a fully active antiretroviral regimen for the individual patient. The previous exposure to ART medications plays significant role in developing drug resistance, especially in patients who are noncompliant with medications. Drug resistance testing should be done in the setting of treatment failure because it can help achieve better virologic response. There is extensive cross-resistance with first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and first-generation integrase strand inhibitors.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Schweitzer, Finja. Correlations Between Transmitted HIV Drug Resistance Mutations and the HLA of Therapy-Naïve HIV-patients. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2015.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Road Map for Surveillance and Monitoring of HIV Drug Resistance in the Western Pacific Region (2014-2018). World Health Organization, 2014.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

A Practical Guide to HIV Drug Resistance and Its Implications for Antiretroviral Treatment Strategies (HIV Clinical Management Series). International Medical Press, 2000.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Challenges in Infectious Diseases Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century. Springer, 2012.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Collins, Simon, Tim Horn, Loon Gangte, Emmanuel Trenado, and Vuyiseka Dubula. HIV Advocacy. Edited by Mary Ann Cohen, Jack M. Gorman, Jeffrey M. Jacobson, Paul Volberding, and Scott Letendre. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392742.003.0010.

Full text
Abstract:
Community responses to the AIDS crisis have changed traditional approaches to medicine, healthcare, health systems, and research. Earlier approaches were rooted in widespread discrimination against key affected populations who were already socially marginalized. The background of community responses, first in the United States and then in other regions, each has a special history. This chapter provides an overview of historical community responses to HIV and is written by activists from the United States, India, South Africa and Western Europe. Examples of key projects include the role of peer advocacy and treatment literacy, which have enabled people living with HIV to learn more about HIV and treatment, adherence, treatment choice, drug resistance, and pipeline research for better drugs in the future. The outcome of this advocacy is that people living with HIV have been empowered to take an active role in their healthcare. HIV advocacy also provides an example of how the international activism that has changed the face of global healthcare is rooted in similar principles developed by early HIV-positive activists and is just as relevant today.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Hull, Mark, and Steven C. Reynolds. HIV in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0291.

Full text
Abstract:
It has been over 30 years since the recognition of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), linked to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Opportunistic infections arise in the setting of decreases in the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count. Advances in the safety, and effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) have led to substantial improvements in life-expectancy for individuals accessing successful therapy. As such individuals are likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for conditions un-related to HIV, although presentations due to opportunistic infections and malignancies must be considered in those with previously undiagnosed infection or in those patients non-adherent to cART.. Individuals receiving cART must undergo careful evaluation for potential drug–drug interactions with other medications. Treatment interruption of cART is not generally advised due to risk of rebound viraemia and potential development of resistance.. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome may be considered in those with recent cART initiation.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Kramer, Carolyn, and Emily Blumberg. Immunosuppressants and Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Positive Transplant Patients. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0028.

Full text
Abstract:
Protease inhibitors (PIs), especially ritonavir, are inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-gp1 and can significantly increase levels of calcineurin inhibitors and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors. Cobicistat is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, and its effect on levels of calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors is likely to be similar to that of ritonavir. Efavirenz may result in lower concentrations of calcineurin inhibitors and mTOR inhibitors. Dose reduction and careful attention to monitoring drug levels are critical to avoid toxicity and maintain therapeutic immunosuppressive concentrations when PIs or cobicistat are coadministered with calcineurin inhibitors or mTOR inhibitors. Although there is no formalized recommendation for the ideal antiretroviral therapy regimen in HIV-positive transplant recipients, a regimen consisting of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase and an integrase inhibitor minimizes the risk of drug–drug interactions and simplifies dosing of immunosuppressive agents while maintaining a high barrier to resistance.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Pandit, Neha Sheth, and Emily L. Heil. Principles of Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Antiretroviral Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0018.

Full text
Abstract:
Systemic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) are influenced by the pharmacokinetic properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacokinetics and local drug exposure can differ significantly within anatomical sanctuary sites compared with the systemic compartment. High variability in interpatient ARV concentrations is common, which makes population pharmacokinetics for ARVs very difficult to interpret. HIV replication is dynamic and requires combination antiretroviral therapy with multiple active agents in order to achieve durable virologic suppression. Direct and indirect relationships between drug exposure, efficacy, and/or toxicity are common for most ARVs, which can be used to improve overall treatment success. Suboptimal adherence can result in inadequate concentrations, drug resistance, and virologic failure. Therapeutic drug monitoring can be considered in certain scenarios that should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Michael, Rich, and World Health Organization, eds. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Management of Drug Resistant HIV (Infectious Disease and Therapy). Marcel Dekker Inc, 2006.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Gendelman, Howard E., Igor Grant, Ian Paul Everall, Howard S. Fox, Harris A. Gelbard, Stuart A. Lipton, and Susan Swindells, eds. The Neurology of AIDS. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195399349.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
This resource discusses how neurological complications of progressive HIV-1 infection remain a common cause of morbidity even during widespread use of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It addresses how long-term resistance to ART, drug compliance, untoward drug side effects, a myriad of opportunistic infection, depression and other psychiatric disease manifestations, concomitant drug abuse, neuropathies, and an inability to clear viral reservoirs, explain, in large measure, disease progression and immune deterioration. It then covers the association with a number of psychiatric, muscle, nerve, infectious, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and motor disturbances seen in infected people, with a focus on the neurological complications, molecular and viral disease processes, cellular factors influencing viral replication therapeutic challenges, and the changing epidemiological patterns of disease.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
26

Ernesto, Jaramillo, Stop TB Initiative (World Health Organization), Great Britain. Dept. for International Development., and United States. Agency for International Development., eds. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: [emergency update 2008]. Geneva: World Health Organization, Stop TB Department, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
27

Ernesto, Jaramillo, Stop TB Initiative (World Health Organization), Great Britain. Dept. for International Development., and United States. Agency for International Development., eds. Guidelines for the programmatic management of drug-resistant tuberculosis: [emergency update 2008]. Geneva: World Health Organization, Stop TB Department, 2008.

Find full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
28

Al-Darraji, Haider A., and Frederick L. Altice. The Perfect Storm. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0008.

Full text
Abstract:
Globally, tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people who use drugs (PWUD), particularly those co-infected with HIV. This chapter describes how TB is prevalent in several prison systems by virtue of the concentration of PWUD and people living with HIV. TB is further amplified within this system through overcrowding, poor ventilation, and delayed access to quality prevention and treatment services. In many countries, individuals cycling through prisons are inadequately screened and treated for TB, and affected individuals may have frequent treatment interruptions. For PWUD, relapse to drug use immediately after release from custody can impede continuity of care, which may contribute to the development of drug-resistant TB. Particularly in countries with high incarceration rates, prisons act as amplifiers of TB and drug-resistant TB in the community. The World Health Organization’s recommendations for integration of TB, HIV, and addiction treatment are seldom achieved, especially within prisons. Other factors contributing to poor TB outcomes among PWUD interfacing with prisons include insufficient support to promote medication adherence and co-morbidities, like viral hepatitis that potentiate hepatic toxicity, both of which are prevalent among PWUD.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
29

Cocohoba, Jennifer. The Pharmacist’s Role in Caring for HIV-Positive Individuals. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0024.

Full text
Abstract:
Medications for HIV have become more convenient but not less complex. For this reason, having a clinical pharmacist as a part of the health care team can greatly enhance the care of HIV-positive patients. HIV pharmacists are a diverse group of providers who work to improve the health of HIV-positive individuals via medication therapy management, quality assurance practices, research, and other avenues. HIV pharmacists may be particularly skilled at managing complex antiretroviral drug–drug interactions, recommending therapies for resistant HIV virus, and providing education and support with regard to adherence. If practicing with a physician under a collaborative drug therapy management agreement, an HIV pharmacist may be able to provide more direct management (e.g., prescribing and ordering lab tests) for HIV and its associated conditions.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
30

Hansoti, Bhakti. Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199976805.003.0028.

Full text
Abstract:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) is most commonly known for its manifestations in the lungs; symptoms include fever and chest pain (retrosternal pain and/or dull intracapsular pain). In the reactivation stage of TB, typical symptoms may include cough, weight loss, fatigue, fever, night sweats, chest pain, dyspnea, and/or hemoptysis. Symptoms may remain undiagnosed for several years. Poverty, HIV, and drug resistance are major contributors to the resurging global TB epidemic. Two kinds of tests are used to detect TB: the tuberculin skin test or a TB blood test. These tests only tell you if a person has been infected with the bacteria. The do not differentiate between latent TB infection and active TB. This distinction clinically suspected when the clinical picture of active TB matches with initial investigations (such as acid-fast bacilli stains, chest x-ray, or CT) and is definitively confirmed by the growth of M. tuberculosis in a clinical specimen.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
31

Majid, Adrian, and Bruce L. Gilliam. Future Antiretrovirals, Immune-Based Strategies, and Therapeutic Vaccines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0023.

Full text
Abstract:
Highly active antiretroviral therapy remains the mainstay of treatment for patients chronically infected with HIV. Novel drugs, both within existing classes and new ones, are in various stages of development and testing. New medications within existing classes of antiretroviral agents are in clinical trials and will likely offer activity against resistant HIV-1 strains and provide alternatives for combination pill therapy. Novel therapeutics including oral attachment inhibitors and monoclonal antibody treatments continue to show efficacy against HIV-1 and progress in clinical trials. Tenofovir alafenamide is a prodrug that produces higher intracellular levels of tenofovir diphosphate with likely less renal and bone toxicity. Among traditional classes of HIV treatment, both doravirine (a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor) and cabotegravir (an integrase strand inhibitor) are newer agents with activity against resistant virus. Maturation inhibitors are a new class of treatment that block protease cleavage, leading to the release of an immature virion.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
32

Plan de acción mundial sobre la farmacorresistencia del VIH 2017-2021. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275320501.

Full text
Abstract:
En el informe de la OMS sobre la farmacorresistencia del VIH del 2017 se pone de manifiesto el aumento constante de la prevalencia de la FRVIH desde el 2001 en las personas que inician un tratamiento antirretroviral de primera línea, sobre todo en África oriental y meridional. La prevalencia de la FRVIH en las personas que iniciaron un tratamiento antiretroviral de primera línea (farmacorresistencia previa al tratamiento o FRP) fue del 6,8% en el 2010, y los cálculos basados en encuestas recientes representativas a nivel nacional indicant niveles de FRP situados por encima del 10% para los fármacos ARV de primera línea recomendados por la OMS que son ampliamente utilizados en muchos países […] Este plan de acción mundial se elaboró con la participación plena de los asociados clave (por ejemplo, los CDC, el Fondo Mundial y el PEPFAR). Proporciona a los países y a los asociados nacionales e internacionales un marco de referencia que, cuando se aplique de manera conjunta entre el 2017 y el 2021, contribuirá al logro de las metas mundiales 90-90-90 de acción acelerada para el 2020 (un 90% de todas las personas con infección por el VIH conocerán su estado con respecto a dicha infección, un 90% de todas las personas con diagnóstico de infección por el VIH recibirán TAR, y un 90% de todas las personas que tengan acceso al TAR alcanzarán la supresión de la carga viral), así como a poner fin a la epidemia del sida como amenaza de salud pública para el 2030. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés Global action plan on HIV drug resistance 2017-2021 © World Health Organization 2017 ISBN: 978-92-4-151284-8
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
33

Doherty, Peter C. Pandemics. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199898107.001.0001.

Full text
Abstract:
From HIV to H1N1, pandemics pose one of the greatest threats to global health in the twenty-first century. Defined as epidemics of infectious disease across large geographic areas, pandemics can disseminate globally with incredible speed as humans and goods move faster than ever before. While vaccines, drugs, quarantine, and education can reduce the severity of many outbreaks, factors such as global warming, population density, and antibiotic resistance have complicated our ability to fight disease. Respiratory infections like influenza and SARS spread quickly as a consequence of modern, mass air travel, while unsafe health practices promote the spread of viruses like HIV/AIDS and hepatitis C. In Pandemics: What Everyone Needs to Know, Nobel Prize-winning immunologist Peter C. Doherty addresses the history of pandemics and explores the ones that persist today. He considers what promotes global spread, the types of pathogens most present today and the level of threat they pose, and how to combat outbreaks and mitigate their effects. Concise and informative, Pandemics will serve as the best compact consideration of this topic, written by a major authority in the field.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
34

Directrices sobre la respuesta de salud pública a la farmacorresistencia del VIH previa al tratamiento. Julio 2017. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275320594.

Full text
Abstract:
En la presente publicación se formulan orientaciones sobre la respuesta de salud pública a la farmacorresistencia del VIH (FRVIH) a inhibidores no nucleosídicos de la retrotranscriptasa (INNRT), previa al tratamiento, en personas con exposición previa a los fármacos antirretrovirales (ARV) o sin antecedente de esta exposición que inician o reinician un tratamiento antirretroviral (TAR) de primera línea. El documento aporta además el consenso alcanzado sobre la prevalencia o el umbral de FRVIH a INNRT previa al tratamiento a partir de los cuales se deben tomar medidas específicas de salud pública. La presente publicación constituye un suplemento al capítulo 4 de las Directrices unificadas sobre el uso de los antirretrovirales para el tratamiento y la prevención de la infección por el VIH (directrices unificadas de la OMS del 2016 sobre el uso de los ARV)… En la presente revisión se observó además que la FRVIH a INNRT previa al tratamiento era mucho más frecuente en las personas que iniciaban TAR de primera línea y que tenían un antecedente de exposición a fármacos ARV (como las mujeres expuestas durante la PTMI y las personas que reanudaban el TAR después de un período de interrupción) en comparación con las personas que iniciaban el TAR y que nunca habían estado expuestas a los ARV, en todas las regiones de la OMS. En las siete encuestas representativas a escala nacional sobre la FRVIH previa al tratamiento en África, América del Sur y Asia en las que se daba seguimiento a la resistencia en estos dos grupos se obtuvieron resultados similares. En todas las encuestas nacionales de la OMS sobre la FRVIH previa al tratamiento, la resistencia a INNRT fue notablemente mayor en las personas que iniciaban el TAR y que habían tenido una exposición previa al TAR (22%), que en las personas que nunca habían recibido fármacos ARV (8%) (p <0,0001)… Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés: Guidelines on the public health response to pretreatment HIV drug resistance: July 2017. © World Health Organization 2017. ISBN: 978-92-4-155005-5.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
35

Tuberculosis in the Americas. 2019 Regional Report. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275122730.

Full text
Abstract:
Tuberculosis is one of the ten leading causes of death worldwide, and still represents a major public health problem in the Region of the Americas. The Region has made great strides in TB prevention and control; nevertheless, at the current rate of decline in the number of TB deaths and incidence of TB, the proposed targets and milestones needed to end TB will not be achieved. Countries must thus ramp up their efforts to meet these targets. Tuberculosis in the Americas: Regional Report presents the situation of tuberculosis in the Region, as well as the progress made by countries in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and elimination of TB under the framework of the End TB Strategy, the Sustainable Development Goals, and the commitments made at the high-level TB meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 2018. Epidemiological analyses and programmatic data provide an overview of the TB situation in the Region, with emphasis on case detection, preventive treatment, treatment outcomes, drug-resistant TB, TB/HIV co-infection, and vulnerable groups, among other aspects. An analysis of TB funding in the Region is also included. The authors hope that this report will facilitate understanding of the situation of TB in the Region and serve as an example for similar country-level analyses, with a view to promoting better decision-making and ending TB.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
36

Jex, Aaron R., Rachel M. Chalmers, Huw V. Smith, Giovanni Widmer, Vincent McDonald, and Robin B. Gasser. Cryptosporidiosis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198570028.003.0053.

Full text
Abstract:
Cryptosporidium species represent a genus of parasitic protozoa (Apicomplexa) that are transmitted via the faecal-oral route and commonly infect the epithelial tissues of the gastric or intestinal (or sometimes the respiratory) tract of many vertebrates, including humans. Infection occurs following the ingestion of viable and resistant oocysts, through direct host-to-host contact or in contaminated food, drinking or recreational water. Infection can be transmitted via anthroponotic (human-to-human, human-to-animal) or zoonotic (animal-to-human or animal-to-animal) pathways, depending upon the species of Cryptosporidium. Although infection can be asymptomatic, common symptoms of disease (cryptosporidiosis) include diarrhoea, colic (abdominal pain), nausea or vomiting, dehydration and/or fever. In humans, cryptosporidial infection in immunocompetent patients is usually short-lived (days to weeks) and eliminated following the stimulation of an effective immune response. However, infection in immunodeficient individuals (e.g., those with HIV/AIDS) can be chronic and fatal (in the absence of immunotherapy), as there are few effective anti-cryptosporidial drugs and no vaccines available. The present chapter provides an account of the history, taxonomy and biology, genomics and genetics of Cryptosporidium, the epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and control of cryptosporidiosis and the advances in tools for the identification and characterisation of Cryptosporidium species and the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
You might also be interested in the bibliographies on the topic 'HIV Drug Resistance' for other source types:
Journal articles Dissertations / Theses
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography