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Miranda, Angelica Espinosa, Bettina Moulin Coelho Lima, Alain Giami, Jonathan E. Golub, and Sinesio Talhari. "Behavior assessment of women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic in Vitória, Brazil." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 87, no. 2 (April 2012): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0365-05962012000200002.
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BACKGROUND: Studies about sexual risk behaviors can provide information to support design strategies to control the spread of HIV infection. OBJECTIVE: To assess sexual risk behaviors among women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Vitória, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed among women attending an STD/AIDS reference center. Enrolled participants were interviewed and provided a blood sample to determine HIV status. RESULTS: A total of 276 women participated. among 284 selected; 109 (39.5%) were HIV-positive and 167 (60.5%) HIV-negative. Median age was 31 years (interquartile range (IQR)24-36) and 69% of women were between 18 and 34 years of age. Women reported high access to information about STD (87%) and AIDS (90%) but information about sexuality was less common (55%). HIV-positive women asked their partners to use condoms more often than HIV-negatives (31% vs. 5%, p=0.02), and were more likely to have used a condom at last intercourse (65% vs. 33%, p<0.01). Among all patients, questions regarding risk of HIV transmission through sexual intercourse (99.6%) and needle sharing (99.2%) were most frequently answered correctly, while questions regarding risk of HIV transmission through blood donation (57%) were least. CONCLUSION: Though this population reports easy access to information and services for HIV/sexually transmitted diseases, most report little understanding of unsafe sexual behaviors, particularly HIV-negative women.
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Sah, RB, A. Ghimire, and P. Parajuli. "Knowledge and attitude on sexual behaviour among school adolescents." Health Renaissance 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2012): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7140.
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Background: Most of the adolescents of remote areas of Nepal lack the basic knowledge about sex due to which they are suffering from various sex related problems. Objective: To identify the level of knowledge and attitude about sex, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) especially HIV/AIDS and their prevention in adolescents. Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted in various secondary schools of Dhankuta district involving 200 adolescent students aged between 13 to19 years. Collected data was entered in microsoft excel and analysed. Results: Regarding safe sex, most of the students (26%) believe that safe sex is having sex with single partner only and about 13% percent of them had no idea about safe sex. Most of them (94%) think that HIV/AIDs can be transmitted from one person to another person from unsafe sexual contact. Most of the students (93%) believe that avoiding sex with multiple partners could prevent from getting HIV/AIDs. Conclusion: The perception about sexually transmitted diseases varies among school students. Some still had misconception regarding the route and cause of transmission of STI. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v10i3.7140 Health Renaissance; September-December 2012; Vol 10 (No.3);224-228
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Beck, E. J., S. Mandalia, K. Leonard, R. J. Griffith, J. R. W. Harris, and D. L. Miller. "Case-control study of sexually transmitted diseases as cofactors for HIV-1 transmission." International Journal of STD & AIDS 7, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462961917023.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the association between infection with HIV-1 infection and a history of other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). We were able to match 1295 HIV-1 infected patients who attended St Mary's Hospital between 1985 and 1991 with 1273 seronegative controls on gender, sexual orientation, injecting drug use and age at time of test. The cases were 3 times more likely to have a history of ever having had another STD than the controls: multivariate conditional logistic regression showed that, after controlling for sexual behaviour, for known sexual contact with an HIV infected individual or AIDS patient or with a resident from a high HIV prevalence area, area of residence and for year of test, a history of gonorrhoea, syphilis, hepatitis B, genital herpes or genital warts were all significantly associated with HIV-1 seropositive status. These findings reinforce the need for HIV containment strategies to be promoted in conjunction with containment programmes for other STDs.
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AWANG, HALIMAH, LI PING WONG, ROHANA JANI, and WAH YUN LOW. "KNOWLEDGE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES AND SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS AMONG MALAYSIAN MALE YOUTHS." Journal of Biosocial Science 46, no. 2 (March 12, 2013): 214–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932013000114.
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SummaryThis study examines the knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) among male youths in Malaysia. A self-administered survey was carried out on a sample of 952 never-married males aged 15–24 years. The respondents were asked about their knowledge of STDs, how these diseases get transmitted and their sexual behaviours. The data showed that 92% of the respondents knew of at least one STD (syphilis, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, herpes, genital warts, yeast infection, trichomoniasis or HIV/AIDS). About 95% of them knew of at least one method of STD transmission. Urban and tertiary-educated male youths showed a substantially higher proportion of awareness of STDs and transmission methods compared with their rural and less-educated counterparts. The data also indicated that 10% of the study sample admitted to having had sexual experiences. There were still a large proportion of the respondents who were not aware of STDs other than syphilis and HIV/AIDS and the means of transmission, such as multiple sex partners, including those who claimed to be sexually active. Thus there is a need for more concerted efforts to disseminate information on STDs and transmission methods to a wider audience in Malaysia, especially youths in rural areas.
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Paudel, Mohan, Suresh Mehata, Narayan Subedi, Bimala Acharya Paudel, and Susan Paudel. "Sexual Behaviour among School Youths in a Rural Far-western District of Nepal." Health Prospect 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2014): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9873.
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Background Youth population (10-24 years of age) comprises more than 30% of the total population in Nepal. This is the age when values are formed, many become sexually active and begin to develop a pattern of risky sexual behaviour. This makes youth more vulnerable to contacting sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the sexual behavior among school youths of a rural far-western district, Achham, Nepal.Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among school youths aged 15 to 24 years studying at grade 11 and 12 in Achham district. Data were collected from February to April, 2011 using self-administered questionnaires from 229 boys and 156 girls of randomly selected eight higher secondary schools of the district.Results The study found that over a quarter of the respondents were sexually active before marriage, boys five times more compared to girls. More than one-fourth (28.2%) of sexually active young boys and girls were found to have engaged in multiple sexual relations; of which peers were the most common (71.1%) sexual partners. Overall, three out of every four sexually active school youths were found to have practised risky sexual behavior. The study found age of the respondent, gender, education and age at first sexual intercourse were significantly associated with the sexual behavior of the school youths.Conclusions Young people at schools were found to be engaged in unsafe sexual activities in study district. They were found initiating multiple sexual relations and pre-marital sexual relations. The use of condom was found declining in subsequent sexual contacts. Such risky sexual behaviours were putting the young population at more vulnerable to the risks of any sexually transmitted infections. Sex education would therefore be imperative to focus on sexual and reproductive health interventions targeted for the young people.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9873 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 37-41
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Kuete, Martin, Qiao Huang, Abid Rashid, Xiu Lan Ma, HongFang Yuan, Juan Pablo Escalera Antezana, Rakhmanov Yeltay, et al. "Differences in Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior towards HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections between Sexually Active Foreign and Chinese Medical Students." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4524862.
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Although the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) decreased in the last decade worldwide, the number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS and communicable diseases including syphilis, hepatitis, and tuberculosis had dramatically increased in developing countries. Education and behavior are incredibly important factors to prevent these diseases’ spread. This study highlights the range of differences in knowledge, attitude, and behavior of 434 sexually active medical students towards HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Because the surveyed population constitutes the forefront of healthcare providers and was originated from different area of the world, this is the first time a study sought to investigate the behavioral attitude of this group of population irrespective of the three levels of their academic and professional knowledge. Several factors including sociodemographic characteristics, sexual behavior, HIV/AIDS, and STIs related patterns play a key role in medical student attitude and behavior towards people infected with HIV/AIDS and STIs. Our findings add consistent value in prior studies which aimed to stop new infections and also imply further investigations on the management of the studied infections by medical students. The present study arouses much interest among participants and provides evidence of reinforcing medical students’ education on HIV/AIDS and STIs.
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Gao, Y., Z. Z. Lu, R. Shi, X. Y. Sun, and Y. Cai. "AIDS and sex education for young people in China." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 8 (2001): 729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd01082.
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Although China has had a rich sexual culture for thousands of years, Chinese people are usually unwilling to openly discuss issues of sex. Some parents are quite ignorant of the change in their children’s sexual attitude and behaviour. In China today, adolescents are becoming much more sexually liberated. Premarital sex and unplanned pregnancies among teenagers are increasing. Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) including HIV/AIDS are also spreading rapidly. However, young people lack basic information on AIDS/STD and do not know how to protect themselves from these diseases or how to avoid unintended pregnancies. Several major youth peer education programmes in China are mentioned in this paper. Among them, a four-year programme entitled the Australian–Chinese AIDS/STD/Safer Sex Peer Education Programme for Youth, is discussed in some detail. The programme has so far reached over 40000 university and school students. Evaluation results show that the programme is effective in both significantly increasing students’ knowledge about AIDS/STDs and changing their attitude towards AIDS patients. In addition, the programme is highly praised by the students.
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Rickert, Edward J., and Donna L. Rickert. "Different HIV Risk Profiles in Samples of College Students and Homeless Persons." Psychological Reports 76, no. 3_suppl (June 1995): 1123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3c.1123.
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A cross-sectional survey examined demographic characteristics, self-reported sexual behaviors, and knowledge of AIDS in samples of 106 homeless persons and 260 college students. As expected, the two samples differed with respect to age, gender, race, and education. Respondents in both samples possessed moderate knowledge of HIV infection and AIDS and reported they considered their personal risk of HIV infection low. Both samples acknowledged frequent use of alcohol with sexual activity, active and passive oral sex, and lax use of condoms. A discriminant analysis indicated that a greater percentage of college students were sexually active than of the homeless sample and that the homeless group had a higher proportion of individuals who were either homosexual or bisexual, who had sexual contact with multiple partners or who had visited a prostitute, who had sexually transmitted diseases, and who had injected drugs. Although the risk profiles differed, each group reported high-risk behaviors and perceptions of low personal risk of HIV infection.
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Cheng, David Tian En. "Amyl Nitrites and Sexual Behavior." Journal of Student Research 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2013): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.47611/jsr.v2i1.120.
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This paper looked into the abuse of inhalable nitrites, mainly amyl nitrites, commonly known by the street name of poppers. This paper compiled several studies of nitrite inhalant abuse and the risk associated with the sexual practices that may concur. The paper explores first, the history and true intentions of nitrite inhalants, then the increasing abuse mainly within the homosexual community, and the legitimacy of the link of nitrites and the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Various studies discussed in the paper will show that there is no legitimate link between poppers increasing the chance of HIV/AIDS but it is the unsafe sexual practices that occur with poppers that lead to various sexually transmitted diseases. The dangers of inhalable nitrites come from legal loopholes, use with other drugs such as Viagra, and the nature of unsafe sexual practices mostly within the homosexual community.
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Stolte, G., N. H. T. M. Dukers, J. B. F. de Wit, H. Fennema, and R. A. Coutinho. "A summary report from Amsterdam: increase in sexually transmitted diseases and risky sexual behaviour among homosexual men in relation to the introduction of new anti-HIV drugs." Eurosurveillance 7, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.07.02.00346-en.
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The worrying increase of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Amsterdam was investigated in two studies carried out by the department of AIDS research of the municipal health service. The results indicate that the introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapies (HAART) may have had an influence on the increase of STDs and risky sexual behaviours in Amsterdam.
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Gisselquist, D. "Denialism undermines AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa." International Journal of STD & AIDS 19, no. 10 (October 2008): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008180.
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Some denialists, widely reviled, contend that HIV does not cause AIDS. Other denialists, widely respected, contend that HIV transmits so poorly through trace blood exposures that iatrogenic infections are rare. This second group of denialists has had a corrosive effect on public health and HIV programmes in sub-Saharan Africa. Guided by this second group of denialists, no African government has investigated unexplained HIV infections. Denialists have withheld and ignored research findings showing that non-sexual risks account for substantial proportions of HIV infections in Africa. Denialists have promoted invasive procedures for HIV prevention in Africa – injections for sexually transmitted infections, and adult male circumcision – without addressing unreliable sterilization of reused instruments. By denying that health care causes more than rare infections, denialists blame (stigmatize) HIV-positive African adults for causing their own infections through sexual behaviour. Denialism must be overcome to ensure safe health care and to combat HIV-related stigma in Africa.
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Macheke, Cecil, and Catherine Campbell. "Perceptions of HIV/AIDS on a Johannesburg Gold Mine." South African Journal of Psychology 28, no. 3 (September 1998): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124639802800304.
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Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 40 mine workers on a Johannesburg gold mine, focusing on workers' perceptions of health, HIV/AIDS and sexuality. The paper seeks to highlight a range of factors which might predispose mine workers to high-risk sexual behaviour, despite the fact that they had all attended HIV-education programmes. These factors are presented within a framework that views the process of sexual decision making as a debating process - in which competing facts and beliefs are weighed up against one another - within the context of a range of normative and social parameters. Firstly, attention is given to a number of pre-existing perceptions and doubts which may blunt the force of the facts that HIV educational messages seek to impart to this particular group of people. These include a lack of perceived urgency regarding the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STD's), a commitment to ‘flesh-to-flesh’ sex, a dislike of condoms, and faith in the ability of traditional healers to cure a range of STD's and possibly also HIV/AIDS. Secondly, attention is given to the normative context of sexuality, and in particular the way in which norms of masculinity predispose people to high-risk sexual behaviour. Finally, the paper focuses on some aspects of social and occupational life on the mines as the context within which sexual relationships are conducted. These include the phenomenon of single sex hostels, an acceptance of high levels of disease and accidents as the norm, and the use of alcohol. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges these findngs pose for a peer education programme which is shortly to be implemented in the mining context.
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Voyiatzaki, Chrysa, Maria S. Venetikou, Effie Papageorgiou, Fragiski Anthouli-Anagnostopoulou, Panagiotis Simitzis, Dimitrios I. Chaniotis, and Maria Adamopoulou. "Awareness, Knowledge and Risky Behaviors of Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Young People in Greece." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 10022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910022.
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) affect mainly young individuals and cause health, social, and economic problems worldwide. The present study used a web questionnaire to assess the awareness, knowledge, sexual behaviors, and common practices regarding STDs in young Greek adults. The 1833 individuals, aged 18–30 years, who responded to the study seem to be particularly knowledgeable regarding STDs such as AIDS (97.7%), warts (97%), Chlamydia (92.2%), genital herpes (89.9%), syphilis (81.9%), and gonorrhea (72.1%), whereas lower percentages were noted for trichomoniasis (39.3%), Molluscum contagiosum (12.9%), mycoplasmosis (11.6%), and amoebiasis (7.4%). Regarding oral STD transmission, participants replied correctly for genital herpes (45%), warts (35.8%), and AIDS (HIV; 33.8%), whereas 30.2% were unfamiliar with oral sexual transmission. Of the participants, 52% were not aware that STDs might cause infertility. Only 40.4% of the respondents reported always using condoms during sexual intercourse, and 48.6% had never been tested for STDs. The majority of the young population (55%) presented a moderate knowledge STD score (41–60%) and was associated with demographic parameters such as age, gender, sexual preference, number of sexual partners, and residence (p < 0.05). These findings provide important information regarding the prevention of STDs and highlight the significance of developing more effective sex education programs for young people in Greece.
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Guerrero-Lillo, L., J. Medrano-Diaz, F. Perez, C. Perez, A. Bizjak-Gomez, J. Silva-Urra, and A. J. Rodriguez-Morales. "Sexual behaviour and knowledge about HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections among health sciences students from Chile." Sexually Transmitted Infections 83, no. 7 (December 1, 2007): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sti.2007.024778.
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Kalichman, Seth C., Chauncey Cherry, Denise White, Mich'l Jones, and Moira Kalichman. "The Achilles’ Heel of HIV Treatment for Prevention." Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care 10, no. 6 (October 11, 2011): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545109711418120.
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Background: Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) offer promising new avenues for HIV prevention. Unfortunately, people infected with HIV who have co-occurring sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are more infectious than suggested by the amount of virus in their peripheral blood. We examined the history of sexually transmitted coinfections in people living with HIV. Methods: People living with HIV/AIDS completed confidential computerized interviews that assessed history of STI, sexual behaviors, and STI knowledge. Results: Among 414 men and 156 women currently receiving ART, 53% had been diagnosed with at least 1 STI since testing HIV positive; 24% women, 19% men, and 11% transgender persons had been diagnosed with an STI in the past year. History of STI was associated with younger age, greater STI knowledge, substance use, and ART nonadherence. Conclusions: Aggressive strategies for detecting and treating STI in people receiving ART will be necessary to achieve protective benefits.
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Li, Wei, Jinjin Chu, Zhengping Zhu, Xin Li, You Ge, Yan He, Qian Ni, Taha Musa, Xiaoshan Li, and Pingmin Wei. "Epidemiological characteristics of HIV infection among college students in Nanjing, China: a cross-sectional survey." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e035889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035889.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) among HIV-positive college students.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingFive districts of Nanjing, China.ParticipantsA total of 156 college students with newly diagnosed HIV infection between September 2015 and July 2017.Main outcome measuresSocial-demographic characteristics, mode of HIV acquisition, infection of sexually transmitted diseases, risky sexual behaviours and HIV/AIDS-related KAP were collected by a face-to-face questionnaire administered by trained interviewers.ResultsAbout 98.7% (154/156) of HIV-positive college students in our study were men, and 96.1% (148/154) of them were infected by sexual intercourse with men. More than half (52.5%, 82/156) of participants were freshmen or sophomores. Nearly 30% (44/154) of male students did not realise the severe status of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among students who are men who have sex with men (MSM). More than four-fifths of male students did not know if their male regular (83.0%, 93/112) or casual (95.9%, 94/98) sexual partners were HIV-positive, while less than half of them had high-risk perceptions towards HIV infection from male regular and occasional sexual partners. Approximately one-half and four-fifths of male students had more than two regular (54.5%, 61/112) and occasional (79.6%, 78/98) partners during lifetime, respectively. However, only 62.5% (70/112) and 66.3% (65/98) of male students used condoms consistently during sexual intercourse with regular and casual partners, respectively. Geosocial networking apps have become the most dominant way for male students to seek sexual partners.ConclusionsThis study reported a low level of HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, a high level of exposure to risky sexual behaviours and some valuable epidemiological characteristics among HIV-positive college students, which highlighted the importance of carrying out HIV/AIDS prevention education and risk warning education early and timely towards college students on campus.
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Alamrew, Zelalem, Melkamu Bedimo, and Muluken Azage. "Risky Sexual Practices and Associated Factors for HIV/AIDS Infection among Private College Students in Bahir Dar City, Northwest Ethiopia." ISRN Public Health 2013 (March 12, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/763051.
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Background. Adolescents and young adults engage in risky sexual behaviours that may expose them to risk of contracting sexual transmitted diseases. The aim of this study was to assess risky sexual practices and associated factors for HIV/AIDS infection. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2012 among 790 college students. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses with SPSS version 16 software package. Results. About 40.6% of sexually active respondents had risky sexual behaviours. Multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex were reported by 45.3% and 38.4% of sexually active respondents. Having multiple sexual partners was associated with alcohol use (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI: 2.02–5.08) and having a close friend who started sex (AOR = 5.99; 95% CI: 3.66–9.81). Unprotected sex was associated with marital status (AOR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.55–4.64), alcohol intake (AOR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.36–3.54), and frequency of visiting night clubs (AOR = 0.25; 95% CI: 0.12–0.52) for those who visit occasionally and (AOR = 0.45; 95% CI: (0.21–0.97) for those who visited at least once a week. Conclusion. Large proportions of students engaged in risky sexual behaviours and various risk factors were associated with risky sexual behaviours. Therefore, interventions targeting on alcohol intake, peer pressure, and attending night clubs are recommended.
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E.E, Enwereji,, and Onyemechi, P.E.N. "Overview of HIV Prevention among In-school Adolescents in the Rural Areas of Abia State of Nigeria." Journal of Clinical Research In HIV AIDS And Prevention 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-20-3633.
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Introduction HIV prevention services to in-school adolescents need good planning and management. HIV risk reduction interventions are geared toward measuring sexual risk behaviour outcomes of adolescents that predispose them to HIV infection. The sexual behaviour of adolescents, especially in-school adolescents should be assessed in the process. Adolescents have been identified as the most vulnerable group for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and as such, measures should be taken to prevent them from infection. One important reason for higher HIV prevalence among adolescents, especially girls, is the frequent practice of age-discrepant partnering, where older men, who are more likely to be infected with HIV, form sexual partners with younger girls. The objective of this study is to assess the knowledge and sexual behaviour of in-school adolescents in the prevention of HIV and AIDs in rural areas of Abia State. Materials and Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey that was conducted between January and March 2020. Information was collected from 66 students of a community secondary school in the state. Participants were selected by a multi-stage sampling method and data were obtained using a semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire. Results Respondents consisted of 40(60.6%) females and 26(39.4%) males with ages ranging from 13 to 19. Some of the respondents 28 (42.4%), are living with parents while 24(36.4%) live with close relatives. A good number of the respondents 39(59.1%), accepted that their friends are HIV positive. Majority of them 49(74.2%) have not been approached for sexual relationships. About 17(25.8%) of the respondents accepted that they have boyfriends and girlfriends. Out of this number, 12(18.2%) of them said they have been approached for sex and only 2(3%) of them accepted having sexual relationships with the opposite sex. Finding showed that only 1(1.5%) of the respondents claimed to have ever used condoms during sex. Of the sexually active respondents, 49(74.2%) of them are aware that HIV is a virus infection caused by having multiple sex partners while 14(21.2%) were not sure whether HIV is a virus or bacterial infection. Conclusion The study revealed a gap in the knowledge of HIV prevention as well as inappropriate sexual behaviour among the respondents. Therefore, meaningful strategies that will be culturally sensitive to modify adolescent sexual risk behaviours should be adopted.
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Adeyemi, Ezekiel Oluwagbemiga. "Gender inequities in sexually transmitted infections: implications for HIV infection and control in Lagos State, Nigeria." Infectious Disease Reports 3, no. 1 (August 3, 2011): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/idr.2011.1049.
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Beyond the statistics of sex-based differences in infection rates, there are profound differences in the underlying causes and consequences of HIV infections in male and female which need to be examined. The study therefore examines; the gender differences in the STI knowledge and gender-related potential risks of HIV heterosexual transmission. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected. A multi-stage random sampling procedure was employed in administration of 1358 questionnaires. For qualitative data, four focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted to collect information from stakeholders within the study population, while In-depth interview was employed to collect information from 188 people living with HIV/AIDS through support groups in the State. The data collected were subjected to basic demographic analytical techniques. Combination of univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis were employed. Information from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews were transcribed and organized under broad headings that depict different aspects of the discussions. Majority of the respondents interviewed did not inform their partners about their infection in the study area. It was also discovered that stigmatization did not allow some women to disclose their status to their sexual partners. Some of the HIV-positive patients interviewed agreed that they did not attend the health facilities to treat the STI’s before they were finally confirmed positive. The study hypothesis revealed that communication between partners about STI’s was associated with an increase in risk reduction behaviour. The paper concluded that there is need for more information and education on communication about STI’s between the sexual partners; to reduce the spread of sexually transmitted diseases within the nation.
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Azinar, Muhammad, Arulita Ika Fibriana, Ratu Matahari, and Alfiana Ainun Nisa. "Care Support Education: Optimization Model of Communication Change Behavior in Female Sex Workers." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 16, no. 1 (July 27, 2020): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v16i1.24993.
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Female Sex Workers (FSW) are a group of populations at high risk of transmitting HIV/AIDS. In Indonesia, it is predicted that more than 50% of FSW suffer from sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), as well as in the district of Batang, Central Java, the most cases of HIV/AIDS in FSW. The main causes are weak sexual negotiation skills and economic reasons. The model of behavior change is the main key in decreasing cases of HIV/AIDS transmission. The Care Support Education (CSE) model is an innovative community-based behavior change communication. This research is pre experimental research with one group pretest posttest design. The population is FSW in Batang district localization totaling 123 people. Samples were taken by purposive sampling of 57 people. Test the effect of applying the CSE model on behavior change was analyzed using the Mc Nemar test. Condom use in risky sexual behavior among FSWs was still low (15.8%). Factors that influence it are knowledge, attitudes, perceptions of vulnerability, seriousness, benefits, negotiation capabilities and customer support. The application of the CSE model can significantly increase knowledge (p value 0.00006), attitude (0.0001), condom negotiation skills (0.000001) and practise of using condoms (0.000005).
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Setyawati, Irni, Dian Soekmawaty Riezqy Ariendha, Kusniyati Utami, Zaenal Arifin, and Sri Handayani. "Peningkatan Pengetahuan Remaja dalam Upaya Pencegahan Penyakit Menular Seksual di Desa Jagaraga Kuripan Lombok Barat." Sasambo: Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service) 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/sasambo.v3i2.468.
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Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja tentang upaya pencegahan penyakit menular seksual di desa Jagaraga. Adapun metode pengabdiannya yaitu penyuluhan dengan pendekatan edukatif melalui tahap (i) Pretes (ii) Penyuluhan kesehatan tentang penyakit menular seksual (iii) Penyuluhan kesehatan tentang HIV/AIDS (iv) Penyuluhan kesehatan tentang perilaku seksual yang sehat (v) Evaluasi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan selama 4 bulan (Oktober 2019-Januari 2020). Setelah dilakukan rangkaian kegiatan penyuluhan kesehatan, terjadi peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan remaja setelah dilakukan penyuluhan kesehatan selama tiga kali yaitu peningkatan tingkat pengetahuan cukup sebanyak 45,3% dan tingkat pengetahuan baik sebanyak 21,4%. Diharapkan ketua remaja dan perangkat desa Jagaraga dapat menindaklanjuti kegiatan ini secara mandiri Increasing Adolescent Knowledge in Efforts to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Jagaraga Village Kuripan, West Lombok This service aims to increase the knowledge of adolescents about efforts to prevent sexually transmitted diseases in Jagaraga village. The method of service is counseling with an educative approach through stages (i) Pretest (ii) Health education about sexually transmitted diseases (iii) Health education about HIV/AIDS (iv) Health education about healthy sexual behavior (v) Evaluation. This activity was carried out for 4 months (October 2019-January 2020). After a series of health counseling activities were carried out, there was an increase in the level of knowledge of adolescents after three times health counseling, namely an increase in the level of sufficient knowledge by 45.3% and a good level of knowledge by 21.4%. It is hoped that the youth leaders and the Jagaraga village apparatus can follow up on this activity independently.
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Jadranin, Zeljko, Vesna Suljagic, Veljko Todorovic, Miroljub Trkuljic, and Dusan Vucetic. "HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections among military members of the armed forces of Serbia." Vojnosanitetski pregled 69, no. 1 (2012): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1201043j.
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Background/Aim. Military personnel is a population group at special risk of exposure to sexually transmitted diseases (STD). In peacetime, STD infection rates among service members are generally 2 to 5 times higher than among civilian population. In time of conflict, the differences can be 50 or more times greater. This study describes sexual behavior as a risk factor for STD in the Armed Forces of Serbia. Methods. The sample of 5 617 voluntary blood donors from the Armed Forces of Serbia gave blood and filled World Health Organization Questionnaire about sexual behavior within January 2007 - December 2008 period. The mandatory testing of voluntary blood donors was performed in the Institute of Transfusiology Military Medical Academy in Belgrade, by the specific immunoenzyme tests and polymerasa chain reaction tests for HIV, hepatitis B, C and syphilis. Statistical analysis of data was done using State for Windows 93, USA, 1996. Results. We identified 36 soldiers with some form of STDs. This study showed that 1 668 (29.7%) tested soldiers reported always using condoms, 1 725 (30.72%) almost always, 1 238 (20.04%) sometimes, 495 (8.81%) almost never and 490 (8.73%) never. Among the sample, 449 (7.99%) soldiers reported sexual contacts with partners with high risk of sexual behavior, whilst 22 (0.37%) of them reported homosexual and bisexual contacts. Conclusion. This study reported STDs found in voluntary blood donors among the service members of the Armed Forces of Serbia, but none of them was identified to be HIV positive. Soldiers with the most frequent risk behavior were reported to be those with inconsistent condom use. In the future, the STD Control and Prevention Program should be more intensively conducted among the members of the Armed Forces of Serbia.
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Kapiga, Saidi H., George K. Lwihula, John F. Shao, and David J. Hunter. "Predictors of AIDS Knowledge, Condom use and High-Risk Sexual Behaviour among Women in Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania." International Journal of STD & AIDS 6, no. 3 (May 1995): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249500600307.
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Reducing the number of sex partners and using condoms are the major means for individuals to protect themselves from STDs and AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. To identify predictors of having only one sex partner in the last year and to assess knowledge and use of condoms among women of reproductive age in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, we interviewed 2285 women at 3 representative family planning clinics between February 1991 and June 1992. After interview, blood and genital specimens were collected for laboratory diagnosis of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Although knowledge of sexual transmission of AIDS was very high, less than a half of the respondents (42.8%) mentioned use of condoms as an AIDS preventive measure. Younger and more educated women were more likely to mention use of condoms for AIDS prevention, however only 4.6% of women interviewed were regular users of condoms, while 19.8% were occasional users. The majority of women who had never used a condom (57.5%) reported not using condoms because ‘men did not like them’. Condom use was positively associated with increasing level of education and increasing number of sexual partners. 14.8% of women reported having more than one sex partner in the last year; this behaviour was more likely among cohabiting women (increased by 210%); HIV-positives (increased by 120%); and among women with STDs (increased by 50%). The fact that condom use was positively associated with factors previously shown to be risk factors for HIV in this population suggests that AIDS prevention activities have been partially successful in reaching women at risk. However, condoms were still only used by a minority of women in the high-risk strata of these risk factors. Men's negative attitude about condoms was identified as the major reason for low condom usage; interventions aiming at increased condom use need to target male attitudes.
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Adu-Sarkodie, Y. A. "Antimicrobial self medication in patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 7 (July 1, 1997): 456–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920343.
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One of the health education messages given in sexually transmitted disease (STD) control is patients' adopting appropriate health seeking behaviour. This includes reporting to health facilities for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. In parts of the world where STD aetiologic agents have assumed resistance to commonly used antimicrobials, this is important. The antimicrobial self medication practices of 764 patients attending an STD clinic in a developing country were studied. Seventy-four and a half per cent admitted to self medication before reporting to the clinic. The antibiotics taken in inappropriate dosages were purchased over the counter, given by friends or were 'left-overs' from previous medications. In the fight to control STD spread as a means of reducing the incidence of HIV/AIDS, indiscriminate use of antimicrobials needs to be guarded against.
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Muzungu, Jehoshaphat, Jenae Logan, Akiiki Bitalabeho, and Rex Wong. "Assessing the Effect of Sexual and Reproductive Health Training Program on the Knowledge on Safe Sex Practice of Young Adults in College." Journal of Management and Strategy 10, no. 2 (March 11, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jms.v10n2p27.
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Young adults and adolescents ages 18 to 24 years are often either uninformed or misinformed about sexuality and health-promoting behaviors and are more likely to exhibit risky sexual behaviors. In sub-Saharan Africa, only 19-26% of adolescents display adequate knowledge related to HIV and sexual and reproductive health.Sexual and reproductive health education for young adults can reduce unintended pregnancies, delay sexual debut, reduce having multiple sex partners, increase pregnancy prevention practices and increase the practice of protected sex.This study utilized a pre- and post-intervention design to assess the impact of a sex education program on young adult freshman students ages 18 to 24 years, at a government education institution in Rwanda, on knowledge related to family planning and contraception, sexually transmitted infections/HIV/AIDS, and safe and risky sex practices.A total of 360 freshman students from the college completed the pre-intervention questionnaire and 341 completed the post-intervention questionnaire. The results showed that the overall knowledge in the sample was generally low before the intervention (67.8%) but had increased to 84.7% post-intervention (P<0.001). Many respondents thought STIs were genetic diseases, that withdrawal was a reliable birth control method, and that having multiple sexual partners or transactional sex were not risky sex practices.Universities in Rwanda should consider incorporating sexual and reproductive education in their curriculum. The increase in knowledge, however, does not guarantee a change in the respondents’ sexual behavior. Further study is needed to assess the impact of the intervention on actual change in sexual behavior and longterm health outcome.
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Swartz, James A. "The Relative Odds of Lifetime Health Conditions and Infectious Diseases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Compared With a Matched General Population Sample." American Journal of Men's Health 9, no. 2 (May 5, 2014): 150–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988314533379.
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To address the understudy of health conditions and infectious diseases that are not strictly related to sexual transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM), this study examined the relative odds of 10 health conditions and two infectious diseases in a sample of MSM compared with a matched general population sample. MSM ( N = 653) living mainly in Chicago were sampled through successive administrations of an Internet-based survey (2008-2010) that assessed physical and mental health, substance use, and HIV status. Propensity score matching was used to obtain a demographically comparable sample of men ( N = 653) from aggregated administrations (2008-2012) of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Multivariate Firth logistic regressions compared the odds of ever having been diagnosed with each condition or disease, controlling for demographics, substance use, psychological distress, and HIV/AIDS status. MSM were more likely ( p < .01) to have experienced: ulcers (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3), hypertension (OR = 2.1), liver disease (OR = 5.7), and sexually transmitted infections other than HIV/AIDS (OR = 8.9). Two other conditions, pneumonia and pancreatitis, as well as tuberculosis, were significant at p < .05 but below the statistical threshold used to reduce alpha error. The findings suggest that relative to non-sexual-minority men, MSM are more likely to experience a range of health conditions not specifically attributable to HIV/AIDS, sexual behavior, psychological distress, or substance use. The implications for research on the health status and provision of health care to MSM in light of the study findings are considered.
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Pinto, Valdir Monteiro, Mariza Vono Tancredi, Antonio Tancredi Neto, and Cássia Maria Buchalla. "Sexually transmitted disease/HIV risk behaviour among women who have sex with women." AIDS 19, Suppl 4 (October 2005): S64—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000191493.43865.2a.
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Rochmayani, Dewi Sari, and Chusnul Zulaekha. "Reproductive Health Education Study Materials for Junior High School Students." Journal of Health Education 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jhe.v4i1.30169.
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Background: Some indicators of reproductive health education in schools have not reached the expected level. A preliminary study on junior high school students shows that 90% of students have poor reproductive health knowledge. This situation is an indicator of the weak reproductive health education in junior high schools.
Methods: The design of this study is research and development. The study continued with field tests on 30 junior high school teachers in the Mijen sub-district of Semarang City.
Results: The study succeeded in formulating 5 materials and 18 study materials on reproductive health education for junior high school students. The material includes: 1) Male and female reproductive organs, 2) Personal protection from sexual abuse, 3) Problems related to reproductive health behavior, 4) Sexually transmitted diseases and HIV-AIDS, 5) Environmental care for reproductive health. The mapping results show that 50% of teachers have never learned the materials : the structure and function of reproductive organs, the types of sexually transmitted diseases, and the health effects of sexually transmitted diseases. The level of teacher knowledge about reproductive health education was 26.7% including the excellent category, 33.3% good and 36.7% sufficient.
Conclusion: Materials health education for junior high school students need to be implemented through various forms of intra and extracurricular learning in junior high school.
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Sardinha, Natália Scaneiro, Maria Isabel Guilhem Santos, and Simone Martins Bonafé. "Estudo Observacional sobre HIV/AIDS em Indivíduos entre 13 e 19 Anos do Município de Maringá." Saúde e Pesquisa 8, no. 1 (June 22, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17765/1983-1870.2015v8n1p71-78.
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Com o início cada vez mais precoce da vida sexual, os adolescentes são considerados um grupo com alto risco de exposição às doenças sexualmente transmissíveis, sendo crescente o número de casos notificados anualmente na faixa etária entre 13 e 19 anos. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi analisar o nível de conhecimento e prevenção de HIV em jovens entre 13 a 19 anos da região metropolitana de Maringá – Paraná. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação de um questionário contendo nove questões com dados sociodemográficos, características comportamentais e sexuais, características e fatores de risco para aquisição de DSTs. A pesquisa foi realizada com 200 participantes, sendo 44% do sexo masculino e 56% do sexo feminino. Dos entrevistados, 57% relataram ter vida sexual ativa e, destes, 50% declararam fazer uso de preservativo regularmente. Constatou-se que apenas 13,5% dos entrevistados responderam corretamente sobre as diferentes formas de transmissão do HIV, sendo maior o conhecimento em relação à transmissão por sexo e sangue. Observational Study on HIV/AIDS in 13-19-Year-Old Patients in Maringá, Brazil ABSTRACT: Owing to increasingly early sexual activities, adolescents are a high risk group exposed to sexually transmitted diseases. In fact, there is an annual increase in notified cases for 13 – 19-year olds. Current analysis investigates information and prevention levels of HIV in 13 – 19-year-old young people in the metropolitan region of Maringá PR Brazil. Data were retrieved from a nine-question questionnaire comprising sociodemographic data, behavioral and sexual characteristics, characteristics and risk factors for STDs. Further, 57% of the 200 interviewed, 44% males and 56% females, reported an active sexual behavior, whereas 50% admitted the regular use of the condom in sexual intercourse. Only 13.5% of the interviewed people replied correctly to questions on the different HIV transmission forms, with a better knowledge on its transmission by intercourse and blood.
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Sahiratmadja, Edhyana, Mugia Bayu Raharja, Elsa Pudji Setiawati, and Ramdan Panigoro. "Poor knowledge of anemia and sexually transmitted disease but better knowledge of HIV/AIDS among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years." Universa Medicina 40, no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18051/univmed.2021.v40.110-120.
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BACKGROUND Basic knowledge of sexual and reproductive health is important to be introduced during the premarital period, to reduce high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents, as well as to increase the correct attitude in their future marriage. This study explored the knowledge of HIV/AIDS, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and anemia among unmarried adolescents. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytical study on secondary data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Population Survey 2017, initially conducted by the National Population and Family Planning Board (BKKBN). Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, STDs and anemia among unmarried adolescents aged 15-24 years in West Java Province and Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, was compared and analyzed using the chi-square test. RESULTS In total, 5,389 weighted data were retrieved. In general, adolescents in Jakarta had better knowledge of all diseases compared to those in West Java (p<0.001). Knowledge of anemia and STDs was poor compared to that of HIV/AIDS which was moderate to good (p<0.001). Interestingly, although the adolescents had a middle-low wealth index (43%), the majority (>90%) had their own mobile phone with almost daily internet access, however most of their information sources on health education were from their school period. CONCLUSION Premarital education in schools is imperative to enhance the knowledge of STDs and anemia. Moreover, poor knowledge of anemia is a challenge for introducing the topic of thalassemia major, an inherited autosomal recessive type of anemia due to hemoglobinopathy. Since Indonesia is harboring 6-10% of thalassemia carriers, integrative premarital education is needed for better family planning.
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Reiche, Edna Maria Vissoci, Ana Maria Bonametti, Maria Angélica Ehara Watanabe, Helena Kaminami Morimoto, Arilson Akira Morimoto, Susana Lilian Wiechmann, José Wander Breganó, Tiemi Matsuo, and Fernando Vissoci Reiche. "Socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) infection in HIV-1-explosed but uninfected individuals, and in HIV-1-infected patients from a southern brasilian population." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 47, no. 5 (October 2005): 239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652005000500001.
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The ability to control human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and progression of the disease is regulated by host and viral factors. This cross-sectional study describes the socio-demographic and epidemiological characteristics associated with HIV-1 infection in 1,061 subjects attended in Londrina and region, south of Brazil: 136 healthy individuals (Group 1), 147 HIV-1-exposed but uninfected individuals (Group 2), 161 HIV-1-infected asymptomatic patients (Group 3), and 617 patients with AIDS (Group 4). Data were obtained by a standardized questionnaire and serological tests. The age of the individuals ranged from 15.1 to 79.5 years, 54.0% and 56.1% of the Groups 3 and 4 patients, respectively, were men. The major features of groups 2, 3, and 4 were a predominance of education level up to secondary school (55.8%, 60.2% and 62.4%, respectively), sexual route of exposure (88.4%, 87.0% and 82.0%, respectively), heterosexual behavior (91.8%, 75.2% and 83.7%, respectively), and previous sexually transmitted diseases (20.4%, 32.5%, and 38.1%, respectively). The patients with AIDS showed the highest rates of seropositivity for syphilis (25.6%), of anti-HCV (22.3%), and anti-HTLV I/II obtained by two serological screening tests (6.2% and 6.8%, respectively). The results documenting the predominant characteristics for HIV-1 infection among residents of Londrina and region, could be useful for the improvement of current HIV-1 prevention, monitoring and therapeutic programs targeted at this population.
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Santos, Iraneide Nascimento dos, Janniele Carla Malaquias de Lima, Tatiana Melo Lopes, Ednaldo Cavalcante de Araújo, Eliane Maria Ribeiro de Vasconcelos, and Betinha (Elizabeth) Cordeiro Fernandes. "SEXUAL BEHAVIOR OF MALE ADOLESCENTS OF THE SCHOOLS AT RECIFE." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 1, no. 2 (November 2, 2007): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/reuol.378-8804-1-le.0102200708.
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RESUMOEstudo descritivo e exploratório, de abordagem quantitativa, com o objetivo de identificar comportamentos sexuais de adolescentes do gênero masculino em uma escola da rede pública e em outra particular de Recife, Pernambuco (PE), visando a contribuir para o planejamento das ações preventivas em infecção sexualmente transmissível, HIV/AIDS, especificamente. A pesquisa foi realizada com aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Hospital Agamenon Magalhães e após o consentimento livre e esclarecido dos pais, de responsáveis legais ou pelo adolescente, quando maior de idade. Da população de estudantes entre os 15 aos 19 anos, foi obtida a amostra, tipo intencional, com 113 participantes. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, organizados, dispostos no Programa Excel e submetidos à análise estatística elementar, considerando números absolutos e valores percentuais. Dos adolescentes da escola particular, 62,7% declararam já terem tido a primeira relação sexual, sendo 33,3% com a idade de 14 anos e 2,7% aos nove anos. Na escola pública, 72,2% dos adolescentes relataram já ter iniciação sexual. Conclui-se que é necessário capacitar os adolescentes para a tomada de decisão consciente e responsável através de programas efetivos de educação sexual, o que contribuirá para diminuir os riscos de gestações indesejadas e infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, em especial o HIV/AIDS. Descritores: Adolescentes; Sexualidade; Prevenção; Comportamento. ABSTRACTExploratory and descriptive study, of quantitative boarding, with the objective of identifying sexual behaviors of male adolescents of private and public schools of Recife for contributing to the planning of health actions in sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS, in especial. The population was constituted by students, from 15 to 19 years old, whose sample not probabilistic intentional was 113. The data had been collected through a questionnaire, after the project to have been approved for the Ethics Committee in Research of the Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, and with the authorization by means of the term of free and clarified assent, after presentation and project legal clarification to the adolescents, parents or for the responsible by the same ones. The data had been organized in microcomputer, using EXCEL program, analyzed and had evidenced that 62,7% of the adolescents of the private school declared already to have had to first sexual relation and 33,9% did not it have yet. However, in the public school, 72,2% initiated the sexual life. In the private school, 33,3% answered to have had to first sexual relation to the 14 years old and only 2,7% with nine years old. On the basis in these data, become evident that is each more urgent time to enable the adolescents to the taking of conscientious and responsible decision through a preventive program of specific sexual education of long stream in the searched schools, for the sexuality exercise with a little risks of involving in sexual risk relations, whose undesirable resulted can be infecting themselves with a sexually transmissible infection, also the human immunodeficiency virus or becoming a pregnant woman. Descriptors: Adolescents; Sexuality; Prevention; Behavior. RESUMENEstudio exploratorio y descriptivo, de tipo cuantitativo, con el objetivo de identificar comportamientos sexuales de los adolescentes del género masculino en una escuela de la red pública y en otra privada, de Recife (PE), para contribuir al planeamiento de las acciones preventivas en las enfermedades de transmisión sexual, HIV/AIDS, en especial. La población estuvo representada por los estudiantes, con edades entre los 15 y 19 años; la muestra fue intencional, integrada por 113 estudiantes. Los datos han sido recogidos a través de un cuestionario estructurado, después de haber sido aprobado por el Comité del Etica en Investigación del Hospital Agamenon Magalhães, y con el consentimiento libre e informado de los padres o responsables legales o por el adolescente. Los datos fueron organizados y procesados utilizando el programa Excel, y sometidos al análisis estadístico básico (tabla de valores absolutos y relativos). El 62,7% de los adolescentes de la escuela privada reconocen haber tenido la primera relación sexual, siendo el 33,9% de ellos con edad de 14 años. En la escuela pública, 72,2% de los adolescentes iniciaron la vida sexual. Estos datos hacen evidente que es necesario capacitar a los adolescentes para la toma de decisiones conciente y responsablemente a través de un programa efectivo de educación sexual, que contribuirá a disminuir los riegos de embarazos no deseados e infecciones sexuales, especialmente el HIV/AIDS.Descriptores: Adolescentes; Sexualidad; Prevención; Comportamiento
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AGYEI, WILLIAM K. A., RICHARD B. BIRITWUM, A. G. ASHITEY, and ROBERT B. HILL. "SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR AND CONTRACEPTION AMONG UNMARRIED ADOLESCENTS AND YOUNG ADULTS IN GREATER ACCRA AND EASTERN REGIONS OF GHANA." Journal of Biosocial Science 32, no. 4 (October 2000): 495–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000004958.
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A fertility survey of unmarried adolescents and young adults (953 males and 829 females) in Greater Accra and Eastern regions of Ghana revealed that a substantial proportion of the respondents were sexually experienced. Overall, 66·8% of the males and 78·4% of the females were sexually experienced. The mean ages (±SD) of the males and females were 15·5±2·5 and 16·2±2·0 years, respectively. Most respondents claimed to have received adequate information on reproductive health and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including AIDS. However, 20% and 30% of the respondents in peri-urban and rural areas, respectively, did not know that a girl could get pregnant the first time she has sexual intercourse. The incidence of pregnancy among the unmarried female respondents was relatively high (37%), and was higher in urban than in rural areas. Approximately 47% of those who had ever been pregnant reported that they had had an abortion. Levels of contraceptive awareness were high (98·2% among males and 95·5% among females) but many still engaged in unprotected sexual relations. The most commonly used methods were the condom and the pill. The main reasons given for non-use were that they did not think about contraception, were concerned about the safety of contraceptives, and partner objection. These findings point to the need for targeting of unmarried adolescents and young adults with information on reproductive health and family planning to increase their awareness of the risks of pregnancy, STDs and HIV infection.
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Halder, Ram Kanta, and Pradeep Balasubramanian. "Penile beads and its associated infections: a descriptive study." International Journal of Research in Dermatology 5, no. 4 (October 21, 2019): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20194247.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Practice of introducing glass beads in the penis has been done amongst the poachers from the neighboring countries of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, e. g. Myanmar, Thailand and Indonesia to improve their sexual performance.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients attending the skin OPD, G.B. Pant Hospital and the poachers in the District Hospital, Pothrapur with beads and foreign body introduced in the penis were included in this study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Totally 41 patients were enrolled in this study. All the patients were poachers (from Myanmar and Thailand). About 90% had inserted glass beads into the prepuce and 10% had injected oil. About 17% and 36.58% of these poachers were suffering from HIV infection and other sexually transmitted infections respectively. About 19.5% of the poachers had syphilis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It is observed that this peculiar sexual habit or behavior cause increased incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS in these poachers and hence it is a risky practice.</p>
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Nkuo-Akenji, Theresa, Armand Nkwesheu, Raymond Nyasa, Esther Tallah, Roland Ndip, and Fru Angwafo Iii. "Knowledge of HIV/AIDS, sexual behaviour and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among female students of the University of Buea, Cameroon." African Journal of AIDS Research 6, no. 2 (August 2007): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085900709490410.
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Mahanta, Jagadish, Gajendra Kumar Medhi, Ramesh S. Paranjape, Nandan Roy, Anjalee Kohli, Brogen Akoijam S, Bernice Dzuvichu, Hiranya Kumar Das, Prabuddhagopal Goswami, and Gay Thongamba. "Injecting and sexual risk behaviours, sexually transmitted infections and HIV prevalence in injecting drug users in three states in India." AIDS 22, Suppl 5 (December 2008): S59—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000343764.62455.9e.
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SOLARI ZERPA, Lely, Luis Miguel VALDEZ, Juan ECHEVARRIA ZARATE, and Eduardo GOTUZZO HERENCIA. "Mujeres con VIH-SIDA en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia en Lima, Perú." Revista Medica Herediana 10, no. 2 (May 28, 2013): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.20453/rmh.v10i2.623.
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Objective: The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the women infected with the Human Inmunodefficiency Virus (HIV) who were seen at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia from January 1989 to December 1996. Material and Methods: We did a retrospective chart review of their demographic and medical registers. We used the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) classification for the HIV infection. (Stages I-IV). Results: We included 236 women, from 17 to 60 years old, with a mean age of 30.4 years. The number of diagnosed cases per year of infected women increased from 5 in 1989 to 63 in 1996. The probable means of acquisition of infection was heterosexual intercourse in 212 patients (90.2%). Only had one sexual partner in her life 113 (47.8%) of the patients seen. There were 4 (1.6%) sexual workers and there were no intravenous drug users. A percentage of 23.4% have had other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), and these were more prevalent in women who had risky sexual practices (p=0.005). Out of the 236, 69 women had diagnosis of Acquired Inmunodefficiency Syndrome (AIDS) The most frequent AIDS-defining condition was the Wasting Syndrome in 23 women (33.3%). There were 19 deaths within the study period. The mean survival time after the AIDS diagnosis was 10.6 months and the most frequent death cause was Tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia. Conclusion: The fact of having a predominantly heterosexual transmission and that there is a high percentage of monogamous women and women with few sexual partners make us suppose that it is probably their partners risk sexual behavior what exposes women to HIV infection. We must underline the importance of an adequate information to women who start their sexual life and of the risks these bring, and the diffusion of the use of condoms to prevent this infection.
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Widodo, Arif, and Retno Woro Kaeksi. "Negotiating Ability of Using Condom to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Disease and HIV/AIDS of Commercial Sex Worker Woman in Region Surakarta." Forum Geografi 19, no. 2 (December 20, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v19i2.4847.
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The data from Board of Health in Surakarta City, on 8 September 2005, from 155 commercial sex worker woman had blood examined, there were 7 persons positive in HIV. One of factor affecting the high infection HIV/AIDS in women commercial sex worker was low use of condom. Aims of this research was to know factor-factor associated with didn’t use of condom and social aspect negotiations about using condom (education, economics status, working experience, devilling place, occupation, ethnic, religious, and income). This research is qualitative research using guided group discussion technique, in-depth interview, and participatory observation. Subject for this research were 30 persons, consist of 25 commercial sex worker, 3 guest, 1 room owner, and 1 parent. Independent variables in this research are social economics characteristic, demography and community characteristics. Dependent variables as PPSK capability in condom using negotiating to prevent sexually transmitted disease and HIV/AIDS. Commonly, despite knowing that everyone, including themselves, is vulnerable to AIDS infection, the respondents ignore asking the guest/partners for condom use. Most of them don’t ask for condom use due to their fear of either being the target of the guest anger and bad words, or losing money from them. Women commercial sex worker Silir in using condom and prevent sexual transmitted disease had free education from Board of Health in Surakarta City. In the street prostitutes are low support from peer, room owner, hotel owner, or guest about using condom for women commercial sex worker in illegal place, caused women commercial sex worker in the street more potential and high risk to spread sexual transmitted diseases than they were operated in Silir. The low capability of the street prostitutes for negotiating condom use with the guest customers results from: misperception on "safe-sex" behavior for seeking "help", economic and psychology pressure, free and uncontrolled companion relationship unavailability of condom in the room. This research result serve as an assessment study of the need which will be developed into a comprehensive promotion strategy.
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Afritayeni, Afritayeni, and Vera Angraini. "Hubungan Trauma Seksual, Status Ekonomi Dengan Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Gay dan LSL." Jurnal Endurance 4, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jen.v4i3.4115.
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<p>Perilaku seksual berisiko adalah perilaku seks yang berisiko tertular Penyakit Menular Seksual (PMS) dan HIV/AIDS. WHO mengakui bahwa transmisi seksual laki-laki dan laki-laki merupakan jalur utama penularan HIV di dunia. Data Kementerian Kesehatan RI terdapat 26,1% LSL mengidap positif HIV. Survey awal yang dilakukan di LSM IPAS Riau terdapat 126 gay dan LSL yang tergabung di lembaga tersebut. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan trauma seksual dan status ekonomi dengan perilaku seksual berisiko pada gay dan LSL. Jenis penelitian <em>analitik kuantitatif </em>dengan pendekatan <em>cross sectional. </em>Jumlah populasi 126 orang dan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan <em>accidental sampling </em>sebanyak 56 orang<em> </em>dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian didapatkan mayoritas responden pernah mengalami trauma seksual 73,2%, mayoritas responden status ekonomi >UMR 66,1%, dan mayoritas responden berperilaku seksual berisiko 89,3%. Berdasarkan uji <em>chi square</em> diperoleh trauma seksual nilai <em>p value</em> 0,038 < α 0,1 yang artinya terdapat hubungan antara trauma seksual dengan perilaku seksual berisiko dan status ekonomi <em>p value </em>0,014 < α 0,1 artinya terdapat hubungan status ekonomi dengan perilaku seksual berisiko. Diharapkan para orangtua memantau perkembangan anaknya dari kecil untuk mencegah terjadinya trauma dan pelecehan seksual dan bagi anggota komunitas dapat memanfaatkan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM).</p><p> </p><p><em>Risky sexual behavior is a sexual behavior that is at risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and HIV / AIDS. WHO acknowledges that male and male sexual transmission is the main pathway for HIV transmission in the world. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, there were 26.1% of MSM who were HIV positive. The initial survey conducted at the NGO IPAS Riau included 126 gays and MSM who joined the institution. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between sexual trauma and economic status with risky sexual behavior in gay and MSM. Type of quantitative analytical research with cross sectional approach. The population of 126 people and the sampling technique used accidental sampling as many as 56 people using a questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of respondents had experienced 73.2% sexual trauma, the majority of respondents were economic status> UMR 66.1%, and the majority of respondents had risky sexual behavior 89.3%. Based on the chi square test obtained sexual trauma p value 0.038 <α 0.1, which means there is a relationship between sexual trauma with risky sexual behavior and economic status p value 0.014 <α 0.1 means that there is a relationship between economic status and risky sexual behavior. Parents are expected to monitor the development of their children from a small age to prevent trauma and sexual abuse and for community members to take advantage of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p><p><em>Risky sexual behavior is a sexual behavior that is at risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/ AIDS. WHO acknowledges that male and male sexual transmission is the main pathway for HIV transmission in the world. Data from the Indonesian Ministry of Health, there were 26.1% of MSM who were HIV positive. The initial survey conducted at the IPAS Riau included 126 gays and MSM who joined the institution. The aim of the study was to find out the relationship between sexual trauma, economic status with risky sexual behavior gay and MSM. Type of quantitative analytical research with cross sectional approach. The population of 126 people and the sampling technique used accidental sampling as many as 56 people using a questionnaire. The results showed that the majority of respondents had experienced 73.2% sexual trauma, the majority of respondents were economic status>UMR 66.1%, the majority of respondents had risky sexual behavior 89.3%. Based on the chi square test obtained sexual trauma p value 0.038 <α 0.1, which means there is a relationship between sexual trauma with risky sexual behavior and economic status p value 0.014 <α 0.1 means that there is a relationship between economic status and risky sexual behavior. <strong></strong></em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>
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Ye, X. X., H. Huang, S. H. Li, G. Xu, Y. Cai, T. Chen, L.-X. Shen, and R. Shi. "HIV/AIDS education effects on behaviour among senior high school students in a medium-sized city in China." International Journal of STD & AIDS 20, no. 8 (August 2009): 549–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/ijsa.2008.008471.
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Few studies have examined the long-term effects of peer-led HIV prevention in Chinese adolescents. A two-year follow-up study was conducted among senior high school students in a medium-sized city of Fujian Province, from 1 March 2006 to 30 April 2008. In all, 3068 students from 14 schools were invited in March 2006, and 893 students in five schools were followed up. Data were collected at baseline, right after intervention (one month later) and two years later by a self-administered questionnaire. In the intervention group, the average knowledge score including reproductive health and HIV/AIDS/sexually transmitted diseases rose from 4.30 to 7.06 one month later ( P < 0.01) and to 7.08 two years later ( P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the average knowledge score after one month and two years ( P > 0.05). Sustained increases were found in the attitude scores towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and intention of condom use after intervention. The study indicates that peer-led HIV prevention education succeeds in improving and sustaining HIV/AIDS-related knowledge and some behaviour intentions. Future research should focus on strategies to sustain long-term behaviour change.
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Sari, Uswatun Hasanah Purnama, Apik Indarty Moedjiono, and Nadjib M. Bustan. "Dating Behavior and Age at First Time having Premarital Sexual Intercourse on Young Men in Indonesia." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (September 15, 2020): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5205.
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BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of growth and development that occurs dynamically and rapidly both physically, psychologically, intellectually, socially, and sexual behavior that is associated with the onset of puberty. Health problems in adolescence are one of the important problems in the lifecycle. One of the health problems of adolescents today is sexual conduct before marriage. This behavior is a sexual behavior that is very risky to cause unwanted pregnancy problems, and risks causing various diseases such as sexually transmitted diseases, and even HIV/AIDS.
AIM: The aim of the study was to describe dating behavior and age at first having premarital sexual relations for adolescent boys in Indonesia in 2017.
METHODS: This study uses data from the Indonesian Demographic Health Survey (SDKI) in 2017 with the number of male respondents who are not married aged 15–24 years as many as 12,523 person.
RESULTS: The results showed that more adolescents who are dating are 7047 people (56.3%) compared to those who are dating who are as many as 5476 people (43.7%). The most age at first having sexual relations with young men is at the age of 17 years, namely, as many as 254 people (20.2%), while the age at first having sexual relations with young at least is at the age of 11 years, as many as two people (0.2%).
CONCLUSION: It is suggested to the role of parents, schools, health centers, and health offices in providing information related to comprehensive reproductive health education.
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Martilova, Dona. "FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGETAHUAN REMAJA DALAM PENCEGAHAN HIV AIDS DI SMA N 7 KOTA PEKANBARU TAHUN 2018." JOMIS (Journal of Midwifery Science) 4, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36341/jomis.v4i1.1072.
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Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) attracted the attention of the health community for the first time in 1981 after the discovery of cases such as Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia and Kaposi's Sarcoma. After going through the research process it turns out that HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes these cases. HIV is a group of Retroviruses that attack the human immune system, while the collection of certain clinical conditions that are the end result of HIV infection is called AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) (S.A. Price, 2006). According to (BKKBN, 2010), approximately 50% of people with AIDS in Indonesia are adolescent age groups. During adolescence often arises a sense of wanting to try this is important for adolescent reproductive health. Behavior of wanting to try new things if encouraged by sexual stimulation can bring adolescents into premarital sex with one of the consequences of transmission of venereal diseases including HIV / AIDS (Kumalasari, I, Andhyantoro, 2012). The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influence adolescent knowledge in preventing HIV and AIDS in SMA N 7 Pekanbaru City. This research is an analytic research with Cross Sectional approach where the independent variables are Age, Attitude, Source of Information while the dependent variable is Youth Knowledge. The sampling technique was stratified with 83 respondents. The results of the study were calculated using the Chi Square statistical test results with a value of α 5% obtained results Age (p value 0.017 and OR 3.4), Attitude (p value 0.003 and OR 4.3), Information Sources (p values 0, 003 and OR 3.9) . Then Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted where there is a relationship between Age, Attitude, source of information with Youth Knowledge in HIV AIDS prevention. It is necessary to increase health promotion by involving cross-sectors to the community, especially school adolescents by providing counseling about HIV AIDS, including prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in order to reduce the transmission of HIV AIDS
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Williams, C. K. "HIV/AIDS pandemic (AP) in Africa: Chronicle of a missed opportunity." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e22235-e22235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22235.
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e22235 Background: AP unlike HTLV-I associated diseases arrived late in parts of Africa, including Nigeria, where retroviral research was already ongoing in collaboration with the US National Cancer Institute (USNCI), thus providing unique preventive interventional opportunity. A World Health Organization sponsored study of the role of sexual behavior in retroviral transmission in Nigeria was performed 1985–86. Methods: Using an ELISA and an investigational Western blot (IWB) assay, a small survey of the seroprevalence rate (SPR%) of HTLV-I and HIV was conducted in 3 regions of the country among 5 population groups with differing sexual behaviors: normal blood donors (NBD), female commercial sex workers (FCSW), sexually transmitted diseases patients, and religious male/female celibates. 204 samples were re-tested with recombinant enhanced “Singapore” HIV-1/2 WB (SWB) in 1994, in view of earlier HIV-1 IWB negativity. All serological tests were done at USNCI. Results: HTLV-I SPR varied by region and lifestyle, highest in eastern region (ER) (p=0.0000095), FCSW of ER (p=0.0006), and frequency of male heterosexual activity (p=0.024). HIV-1 was undetectable by IWB, while SWB revealed 2/204 HIV-1+ for countrywide SPR: ∼1.0; Western NBD: 1/100 (1.0); Western/Northern NBD: 1/184 (0.54): non-high risk Nigerians: 2/237 (0.84); FCSW: 0/46; celibates: 0/71, adult general Nigerian population (AGNP): ∼0.5–1.0, and translating to (∼240–480)x103 HIV-1+ AGNP. Assuming 20 HIV-1+ = 1 case of AIDS death, SWB- determined SPR predicted (∼12–24)×103 AIDS deaths among 48×106 AGNP in 1985–86, ∼5 of (2.4- 4.8)×103 (<0.2%) of whom presented with clinical AIDS features (CAF) at Nigeria's premier health institution (NPHI). Conclusions: In 1985–86, when patients with CAF rarely presented at NPHI and HIV-1 SPR was ≤1.0 in AGNP and FCSW, Nigerian health authority was advised on AP risk, unlike Uganda where it arrived unanticipated. Reports of SPR of 7.7 and 60.0 in AGNP and FCSW in 1996–2000 contrast against contemporary Ugandan SPR (14.0 down to 6.1) and Senegalese (0.4 up to 0.9), probably resulting from varying knowledge gap and angst-related inertia, illustrating mixed fortunes of AP in Africa, transcontinental variation in AP control capability, and providing lessons for the management of future public health challenges. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Yang, Xueyan, Isabelle Attané, Shuzhuo Li, and Bo Yang. "Same-Sex Sexual Behaviors Among Male Migrants in a Context of Male “Marriage Squeeze”." American Journal of Men's Health 6, no. 6 (July 9, 2012): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988312453479.
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The male marriage squeeze in China may increase the prevalence of male same-sex sexual behaviors among unmarried male migrants who lack stable female sexual partners. The same-sex sexual behaviors among unmarried male migrants appear to be at high risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), mainly because of a lack of knowledge of these diseases. Using data from the “Survey on Reproductive Health and Family Life of Migrant Male Bachelors in Urban Areas” conducted in Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, in December 2009 and January 2010, this study compares same-sex sexual behaviors of unmarried with that of married male migrants (including married but separated men who are migrating without their spouse or partner and cohabitating men who are migrating with their spouse or partner). It is reported that the prevalence of same-sex sexual behaviors among unmarried males reaches 11%, more than twice the 5.1% reported by married but separated men and thrice the 3.8% reported by cohabitating men. It also appears that the same-sex sexual behaviors is significantly associated with men’s attitudes toward same-sex sexual behaviors (odds ratio = 1.59, p < .001), toward life-long bachelorhood (odds ratio = 1.35, p < .01), and with marital status (odds ratio = 0.37, p < .01). The frequency of condom use appears to be higher among unmarried men than among men who are married, whether or not they migrated with their wives, and is significantly associated with scores on knowledge about HIV/AIDS (estimated coefficient = .12, p < .001) and STIs (estimated coefficient = .22, p < .01). It is also associated with the likelihood of same-sex sexual behaviors (estimated coefficients = .83, p < .01) and marital status (estimated coefficients for married but separated = −.50, p < .05; estimated coefficients for cohabitating = −.77, p < .001).
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Tuan, Nguyen Anh, Lisa G. Johnston, Duong Cong Thanh, Linh-Vi N. Le, Tran Vu Hoang, Tran Dai Quang, Nguyen Cuong Quoc, Patrick Nadol, Nguyen Tran Hien, and Abu Abdul-Quader. "Increasing HIV prevalence and injection drug use among men who have sex with men in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." International Journal of STD & AIDS 31, no. 13 (September 30, 2020): 1247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462420947555.
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Vietnam has been conducting HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) integrated bio-behavioral surveillance surveys on men who have sex with men (MSM) as well as other key populations since 2005. Although HIV prevalence in the Vietnamese general population remains below 1%, it is expected to be much higher among MSM. Data on HIV prevalence and sexual and drug use behaviors were collected from MSM in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC) in 2006 (n = 397), 2009 (n = 399) and 2013 (n = 350) using respondent-driven sampling. Eligible participants were males, aged ≥15 years who reported having manual, oral, or anal sexual activity with males in the past year and lived, worked or socialized in HCMC. HIV seroprevalence among MSM was 5.8% in 2006, 16.1% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2013 and prevalence of at least one STI (syphilis, gonorrhea and/or chlamydia infection) was 11.4% in 2006 and 15.6% in 2009 (no data for 2013). Significant, but small, increasing trends were found for MSM who reported ever testing and receiving results for HIV and for HIV prevalence. No significant changes for condom use, injecting and non-injecting drug use, or and receipt of free condoms were observed. Although a small percentage of MSM reported injecting drugs, HIV was positively associated with ever injecting drugs. Programs targeting MSM should include screening and treatment for injection drug use to most effectively control the HIV/AIDS epidemic among MSM in HCMC.
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O'Farrell, Nigel, and Stuart J. Tovey. "High Cumulative Incidence of Genital Herpes Amongst HIV-1 Seropositive Heterosexuals in South London." International Journal of STD & AIDS 5, no. 6 (November 1994): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095646249400500607.
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The cumulative incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in a cohort of 51 (35 female, 16 male) HIV-1 seropositive STD clinic attenders who had acquired HIV-1 infection via heterosexual transmission was investigated through a retrospective review of the case notes. The women were followed up for a mean 11.6 months and the men for 18 months. Thirty-one (88%) of the women and 13 (81%) of the men were of sub-Saharan African origin. Approximately half of the subjects were first diagnosed as HIV-1 positive with CD4 counts <200×106/1 and a quarter with CD4 counts <50×106/1. STDs detected in women were: genital herpes 15 (43%), Candida 12 (34%), bacterial vaginosis 9 (25%), and in men: genital herpes 6 (38%), non-gonococcal urethritis 4 (25%). No cases of gonorrhoea were detected. At the time of first diagnosis of genital herpes at the clinic, the mean CD4 count in women was 275×106/1 and in men 285×106/1. Genital herpes was the AIDS defining diagnosis in 3 of the women. The recognized risk of HIV transmission via genital lesions should be stressed in HIV-1 positive subjects with genital herpes. The incidence of other STD was low—both knowledge of HIV status and safer sex counselling may limit unsafe sexual behaviour and should be evaluated further as a strategy for limiting the spread of HIV-1 infection.
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Sharma, Aditi, N. K. Goel, Savita Prashar, and Kshitij Choudhary. "A study to find the awareness level regarding prevention and control of sexually transmitted diseases among university students of Panjab university, Chandigarh, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 4362. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20213537.
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Background: Sexually transmitted diseases remain a significant issue among the young people. In order to implement effective preventive measures, awareness of the comorbid conditions and causation of STDs, as well as sexual behaviour, among vulnerable young people, such as university students, must be established. The objective of the study was to assess the awareness level of students regarding prevention and control of STDs.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at Panjab University situated in Chandigarh, India between February and August 2020. Purposive sampling was used to recruit students. Data was collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. The nature of the data was quantitative and was analyzed through SPSS version 20.Results: A total of 211 (female/male:51.7%/48.3%, mean age: 22.5 years) respondents were enrolled. The awareness regarding the safe sex practices was very high (98.1%). 99.1% respondents were aware of HIV and AIDS, 65.4% respondents who were aware of hepatitis B and 55% respondents who were aware of Gonorrhoea and Syphilis. To prevent STDs 86.3% respondents were aware of condom, 72% respondents were aware to avoid unprotected sex and 19.9% respondents knew of abstinence.Conclusions: Condoms awareness is still lacking in students. Consequently, it puts them at a higher risk of STDs. Such data can be used to strengthen ongoing STDs prevention efforts in India aimed at reducing STDs in young adults.
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Fevriasanty, Fransiska Imavike. "Pornografi Internet dan Perilaku Seksual Pranikah Pada Remaja: Literature Review." CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37148/comphijournal.v1i2.11.
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Introduction: The digital era of information requires teenagers to find information via the internet where easy internet access is not without risks. Coupled with a great sense of curiosity in teenagers, it will encourage them to open pornographic sites when they are overwhelmed by feelings of loneliness and boredom with complicated conditions in the family or incompatibility in friendship. Aim of study: This article aims to discuss the antecedents of internet pornography behavior and premarital sexual behavior among adolescents. Method: The research method is to use literature study techniques on 25 articles from the Google Scholar and Proquest databases. Results and Discussion: The literature study shows that addiction to internet pornography can lead to deviant behavior such as premarital sexual behavior. Premarital sexual behavior in adolescents can occur when adolescents want to try what they see on pornographic sites to be practiced on their friends of the opposite sex or to their partners. The situation in which premarital sexual behavior is a trend among adolescents will ultimately create social disease in the society which has an impact on the mental damage of the nation's future generations. Conclusion: The conclusion from this literature study is that premarital sexual behavior in adolescents will increase the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV / AIDS. So it is hoped that health workers, the community, and related parties will get the same understanding considering that adolescents are very vulnerable to the negative influence of the internet without neglecting its positive effects on adolescent psychosocial development and academic achievement.
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Subramanian, Thilakavathi, Mohan D. Gupte, Ramesh S. Paranjape, Ginnela NV Brahmam, Lakshmi Ramakrishnan, Rajatashuvra Adhikary, Boopathi Kangusamy, Beena E. Thomas, Srinivasan Kallam, and CPK Girish. "HIV, sexually transmitted infections and sexual behaviour of male clients of female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra, India: results of a cross-sectional survey." AIDS 22, Suppl 5 (December 2008): S69—S79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aids.0000343765.00573.ce.
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Kumar, Pradeep, Bhavna Sangal, Shreena Ramanathan, Savina Ammassari, and Srinivasa Raghavan Venkatesh. "Unsafe injecting practices, sexual risk behaviours and determinants of HIV among men who inject drugs: Results from Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance in India." International Journal of STD & AIDS 29, no. 11 (May 11, 2018): 1066–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462418769808.
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In India, while an overall reduction in HIV is achieved among most key populations, the continued higher prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWIDs) is an area of concern. This paper analyses unsafe injecting and sexual risk behaviours in male PWIDs according to HIV status and also examines the determinants of HIV infection in this high-risk group. Data from India’s Integrated Biological and Behavioural Surveillance, conducted across 29 Indian states and Union Territories among 19,902 male PWIDs, were used. Informed consent was obtained and men aged 15 years or more, who used psychotropic substances or drugs in the past three months for non-medical reasons were recruited for the survey. Results from the multivariable analysis suggest that drug use debut at age 25 years or above (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.41, confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.88), engagement in drug use for a longer duration (AOR: 1.81, CI: 1.32–2.48), injecting three times or more per day (AOR: 1.53, CI: 1.1–2.12), sharing of needle/syringes (AOR: 1.34, CI: 1.02–1.76), self-reported sexually transmitted infections (AOR: 1.55, CI: 1.12–2.14) and higher self-risk perception for exposure to HIV (AOR: 2.08, CI: 1.58–2.75) increase the likelihood of HIV infection. Sustained higher prevalence, unsafe injecting and risky sexual practices are major challenges which may prevent India from reaching the ‘end of AIDS’ by 2030. This underscores the need for adoption of a tailored, evidence-driven HIV prevention approach that adequately addresses local needs to limit the spread of HIV within this population, and thereby prevents the onward transmission of HIV to the general population.