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1
Gott, C. Merryn. "Sexual activity, sexually transmitted diseases and risk behaviour among older adults." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3490/.
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Few data are currently available regarding the extent to which older people (defined here as those aged >50 years): i) are sexually active; ii) engage in `risky' sexual behaviours; and iii) contract sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It was the primary aim of research described in this thesis to address these specific knowledge deficits and to ascertain whether the exclusion of this age group as a research focus within this subject field can be reasonably justified. The dearth of previous research undertaken in this area necessitated that a secondary goal be addressed, namely the development of methodologies appropriate to the collection from older people of data concerning such issues. Using a combination of self-administered questionnaire studies and secondary data analyses, undertaken both in health care settings and within the community at large, the programme of research clearly indicates that: 1. Older people represent a consistent minority of patients attending specialised genitourinary (GUM) clinics. Members of this group are further regularly diagnosed with STDs. Moreover, older clinic attenders exhibit distinctive socio-demographic and clinical characteristics relative both to younger clinic attenders and to the general population of the same age group. 2. The majority of older GUM clinic attenders are first time attenders and have not been diagnosed with an STD before 3. In the community at large the majority of older adults are sexually active, of whom a small minority (approximately 7%) engage in behaviours that place them at risk of contracting STDs. 4. Most older people, recruited from both health care and non-health care settings, feel that they have received very little information about STDs and HIV, and many indicated that they would like to receive more information on these topics.
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Proude, Elizabeth Marjorie. "HIV/STD Prevention in General Practice." University of Sydney. Public Health, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/838.
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This thesis examines aspects of the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the Australian community, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS in the context of general practice (or primary care settings). The work has four broad aims: i) To describe the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, following from the arrival of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Australia ii) To describe HIV/STD risk behaviour iii) To summarise previously known evidence of interventions to reduce risk and to raise awareness of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases iv) To contribute new evidence addressing the potential of the general practitioners' role in HIV/STD prevention The first chapter gives a brief review of the history of HIV/AIDS from its discovery in the United States of America to its appearance in Australia and New Zealand, and discusses the Australian response strategies, both initial and continuing, to confine the epidemic. Specifically, the arrival of HIV/AIDS gave rise to increasing awareness of sexually transmitted diseases, which hitherto, although sometimes chronic, were rarely fatal. The public health risk of HIV necessitated swift government action and led to wider acceptance of publicity about sexual behaviour. Although the thesis does not concentrate solely on HIV, this is still an emphasis. This chapter provides useful background to ensuing chapters. Chapter Two provides an overview of behavioural risk in sexually transmitted diseases. It gives a review of risk factor prevalence studies, and introduces risk behaviour and cognitive models of behaviour change, as applied to STD risk. Sexual behaviour is a complex social interaction, usually involving more than one person, and relying on the personality and behaviour patterns intrinsic to the individuals taking part. It is therefore perhaps more challenging to alter than behaviour which is undertaken alone, being dependent on the behaviour and intentions of both parties. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of sexual risk behaviour requires very detailed information about each incident. Its private nature makes accurate data difficult to obtain, and sexual risk behaviour is, correspondingly, difficult to measure. Chapter Three reviews the effectiveness of interventions tested in primary health care settings to reduce sexual risk behaviour. The candidate uses a replicable method to retrieve and critique studies, comparable with standards now required by the Cochrane Collaboration. From 22 studies discussed, nine health interventions were short, 'one-shot', efforts owing to limited time, resources and other practical constraints. This review demonstrates the scarcity of interventions with people who may be perceived as 'low-risk'. Only four interventions were carried out in community health centres and two in university health clinics. One of the university interventions showed no change in sexual behaviour in any of three arms of the intervention (Wenger, Greenberg et al 1992) while the other showed an increase in condom use in both groups, although the intervention group's self-efficacy and assertiveness also improved (Sikkema, Winett & Lombard 1995). The rationale for the intervention, where given, is described. Chapter Four analyses the content, format and quality of sexual health information brochures available in New South Wales at the time of the candidate's own planning for an interventional study. One of the most effective ways to disseminate information widely is by the use of educational literature, especially when the subject material is potentially sensitive or embarrassing to discuss in person. In this chapter, the candidate reviews the literature available at the time of designing the intervention used in Chapter Five. Readability, attractiveness, clarity and the accurate presentation of facts about sexually transmitted disease risk are examined for each pamphlet. Forty-seven pamphlets were scored according to the Flesch formula, and twenty-four of these scored in the 'fairly' to 'very difficult' range. There was, therefore, a paucity of easy-to-read material on these subjects. Chapter Five evaluates a general practitioner-based counselling intervention to raise awareness of sexually transmitted diseases and to modify HIV/STD risk behaviour. While adults aged 18-25 are less likely than older cohorts to have a regular general practitioner or to visit often, most people visit a general practitioner at least once a year. This could provide an opportunity for the general practitioner to raise preventive health issues, especially with infrequent attendees. As the effectiveness of an opportunistic intervention about sexual risk behaviour was yet to be tested, the candidate designed an innovative randomised controlled trial to raise awareness of risk and increase preventive behaviour. The participation rate was 90% and 76% consented to followup; however the attrition rate meant that overall only 52% of the original participants completed the follow-up questionnaire. The intervention proved easy and acceptable both to GPs and to patients, and risk perception had increased at three months' follow-up; however this occurred in both the control (odds ratio 2.6) and the intervention group, whose risk perception at baseline was higher (odds ratio 1.3). In order to establish some markers of risk in the general population, Chapter Six analyses data resulting from questions on sexual behaviour asked in the Central Sydney section of the NSW Health Survey. The candidate advocated for inclusion of relevant questions to determine some benchmarks of sexual risk behaviour and to provide an indication of condom use among heterosexuals. Although limited in scope as a result of competing priorities for questions in the survey, results demonstrate that, while a small percentage of people were at risk, those with higher levels of partner change or of alcohol use were the most likely to always use condoms. Specifically, 100% of those with more than four new partners in the last 12 months had used condoms with every new partner. In addition, 'heavy' alcohol users were more likely to report condom use every time with new partners (odds ratio 0.34). To furnish data to inform future planning of educational activities for general practitioners, Chapter Seven presents the results of a survey of Central Sydney general practitioners' opinions and current practices in HIV risk reduction with in the broader context of sexually transmitted disease prevention. The general practitioner is in an ideal position to provide information and advice, especially if future research affirms the impact of such advice on STD risk behaviour. General practitioners in this study said they would be slightly more likely to discuss sexual health matters with young patients than with older ones (p=0.091), but this was not significant. The most cited barrier to discussing sexual health was inadequate remuneration for taking time to do so (over 50% gave this reason). The next most cited obstacle was difficulty in raising the subject of STDs or HIV in routine consultations, but this reason was given by less than half the sample. Forty-six percent had participated in continuing medical education programs in STDs, HIV/AIDS, or hepatitis diagnosis or management; 32% of GPs had patients with HIV, and 55% of all GPs indicated they would like more training in management and continuity of care of HIV patients. Approximately half (51%) wanted more training in sexuality issues, including sexual dysfunction. Chapter Eight reviews the whole thesis and discusses future directions for the research agenda.
3
Konings, Elke Ludovica Louisa. "The quantification of sexual behaviour and the transmission of HIV in Tanzania and St.Lucia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339015.
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4
Nuwaha, Fred Ntoni. "Sexually transmitted infections in Uganda : implications for control /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4409-1/.
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Cook, Scott C. "Human immunodeficiency virus : determining predictors of unsafe sexual behavior /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9962514.
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Musabaeka, True Shame. "Gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/308.
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This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.
7
Curry, Kimberly Sue, and Frank Thomas Jr Pullara. "The effects of HIV/AIDS education curriculum on the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of college freshmen." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1569.
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Okonkwo, Beatrice Ihegharauche, and Marissa Louise Sitz. "Influences of alcohol, marijuana, peer pressure, parental or adult supervision, knowledge of STD's/HIV and pregnancy on the initiation of sexual activity." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2509.
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The purpose of the study was to show the variables that influence adolescents' sexual activities that have not been well defined. What leads adolescents to be more sexually active than previous generations? A Survey was conducted at the Fontana Unified School District.
9
Ntlabati, Pumla L. "Patterns of early adolescent sex and implications for HIV/AIDS risk prevention : a contextual study in the Amatole Basin, Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007814.
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This study involves an analysis of accounts of first and subsequent early sexual experiences in a deep rural area of the Eastern Cape in South Africa over the last forty years. Through interviews and focus group discussions, the enculturation of youth into sexual activity in the community of interest is explored. The study looks into sexual experiences from childhood, through early adolescence to adults of up to sixty five years old, allowing an analysis of the changing forms of sexual experimentation and sexual debut in this context. Contextual factors mediating these changes are explored, with special emphasis on the changing regulatory practices around early sexual experiences and the effect thereof on behaviors connected to HIV infection risk. Practices that were previously important mediators of sexual behavior were: anxiety about the social consequences of pregnancy, which was previously a significant disincentive to sexual intercourse; men's previous acceptance of the need to practice non-penetrative forms of sex and girls postponing sexual debut for as long as possible. All these were culturally endorsed, but are now noted to have changed due to changes in the regulatory practices surrounding youth sexuality. The context of early sexual experiences and the surrounding cultural practices have also changed significantly, and this needs to be taken into account in understanding receptivity to condom use messages. Implications for HIV/AIDS prevention are discussed. Among other interventions, the study describes a participatory, community-based, multi-sectoral approach that takes social conditions into account as a way of empowering the community to strengthen its response to the pandemic. This incorporates different sectors of the community, including youth, parents, religious and traditional leaders, and various other structures, services and institutions that make up the community.
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Majara, Tsepang David. "Condom influence strategies among university students." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/235.
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This study investigated influence strategies used by university students to negotiate condom use. The study examined the seven condom influence strategies (CISs) -withholding sex, direct request, seduction, relationship conceptualizing, risk information, deception, and pregnancy prevention- used by heterosexually active male and female students. The sample comprised of 156 first year students (male=44 and female=112). Statistically significant correlations were found among all the condom influence strategies subscales. Results suggest that the university students influence their partners in all identified condom influence strategies and the risk information strategy holds the most promise of all the strategies.
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Fariha, Haseen Pramote Prasartkul. "STI/HIV/AIDS knowledge among rural high school students in Bangladesh : an evaluation of the effectiveness on an STI/HIV/AIDS booklet /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd404/4938529.pdf.
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Heusser, Shelly Lucien. "Mediating factors in the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and HIV Sexual risk behaviour among men who have sex with men." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1398.
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Previous studies have indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and an increased risk of engaging in unsafe behaviours during adulthood, including risky sexual practices. This study examined the relationship between CSA and adult HIV sexual risk behaviour among a sample of South African men who have sex with men (MSM). Potential pathological long-term mental health outcomes of CSA, including dissociation, sex-related substance abuse, depression, sexual compulsivity, impaired interpersonal communication, and over-reliance on submissive sexual scripts, were treated as variables mediating the relationship between CSA and sexual risk behaviour. Men frequenting a gay internet dating site were randomly selected to complete an electronic version of the anonymous survey. Results indicate that one-fourth of participants reported a history of CSA. Men with a history of unwanted sexual activity during childhood were more likely to report recreational substance abuse, sex-related substance abuse, sexual compulsivity, and adult revictimisation experiences. Men who were abused were also more likely to engage in unprotected anal intercourse compared to those who were not abused. Mediation analyses revealed that MSM who are survivors of CSA are particularly susceptible to drug abuse, sex-related drug abuse, and sexual compulsivity, and these sequelae in turn predict higher reported numbers of male sexual partners. The current data suggest that CSA is widespread among men at high risk for HIV infection, and that it may have a devastating influence on the quality of life and health risk behaviour of these men. These results also highlight the importance of mental health services and new approaches in HIV prevention for MSM who have been sexually abused as children. Further research is needed into the contextual factors of the childhood abuse experience which account for the variability in longterm negative mental health outcomes of CSA survivors.
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Kaboru, Berthollet Bwira. "The interface between biomedical and traditional health practitioners in STI and HIV/ADIS care : a study on intersectoral collaboration in Zambia /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-229-3/.
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Christianson, Monica. "What's behind sexual risk taking? : exploring the experiences of chlamydia-positive, HIV-positive, and HIV-tested young women and men in Sweden." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå univ, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-964.
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Aglipay, Mary M. O. "Positive and Negative Support Roles in the Social Networks of Vulnerable People." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24337.
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Introduction: Social networks have shown promise in curbing drug dependency and infectious diseases among marginalized populations. The purpose of this study is to elucidate how relationship strength in social networks is associated with risk behaviours for infectious diseases.
Methods: Two reviews were conducted: 1) a systematic review exploring the association between risk behaviours and relationship strength 2) a review on the utilization of respondent driven sampling (RDS). We also analyzed network data to determine the association between recent injection drug use and recent crack use.
Results: Our reviews revealed that few studies link relationship strength and risk behaviours; moreover, RDS is effective method of sampling from marginalized populations. Finally, our analysis demonstrated that close relationships are associated with drug use.
Conclusion: “Close” relationships are important in arbitrating injection drug use and crack smoking. More research addressing the issues of using data from dynamic social processes and hard-to-reach populations is needed.
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Sweitzer, Marilyn Jean. "Positive prevention: The relationship between teacher self-efficacy, program implementation, and student outcomes." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2698.
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In the San Bernardino City Unified School District, Positive Prevention: HIV/STD Prevention Education for California Schools Grades 7-12, Second Edition (Positive Prevention) by Clark & Ridley (2000) is used as the curriculum for ninth grade. In evaluating the curriculum, it is of key importance to first determine if this curriculum is being taught as it was designed, or with fidelity. Fidelity is affected by the comfort, confidence, competence and commitment of the personnel presenting the curriculum.
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Fredericks, Mercedes Beryl. "Sexually transmitted infection (STI) and HIV / AIDS related knowledge, attitudes, perceptions and behaviour among San learners in a combined school in Platfontein, Northern Cape." Thesis, 2014.
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Prevention of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in South Africa includes early detection and
treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as health promotion activities. The latter
include health education programmes and the promotion of screening activities such as voluntary
counselling and testing (VCT). The South African government recognises the need for creating
equity for access to health care services. The 1997 White Paper for the Transformation of the Health
System, stipulates one of the aims of health Policy in the new South Africa as ‘promoting equity by
developing a single, unified health system’. This commitment is inclusive of the Platfontein
community which comprises the two largest San-groups in South Africa: the !Xun and the Khwe
who were settled on the Platfontein farm at the end of 2004. There are 3500 !Xun and 1100 Khwe
currently living in the Platfontein community. A health facility, compliant with the principles of
Primary Health Care (PHC), was built on the farm to render services to the Khwe and !Xun
communities who were not recognised as a distinct cultural group during the Apartheid era in South
Africa. For the young people in the community it was the first time they could access the formal
schooling and health system in South Africa.
The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions, attitudes, behaviour and knowledge levels
among the school-going youth of the Platfontein community, about STIs, HIV/AIDS and the health
care services that are available to them.
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Skosana, Mercia Nongoma Dorah. "Perceptions of adolescents about sexuality and sexually transmitted diseases." Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/667.
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The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the perceptions of adolescents about sexuality and sexually transmitted infections, which probably contribute towards the high incidence of sexually transmitted infections amongst this group.The study was designed as a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research. A focus group interview and unstructured observation were used to collect data, using a nonprobability
snowball sample. The group consisted of 12 male and female adolescents residing in a specific geographical area in Pretoria and attending different high schools. Recommendations made focus on:
the approach to sex education programmes factors that need to be addressed in order to improve adolescent sexual health
empowerment strategies of teachers, parents and community leaders on adolescent sexuality and sexually transmitted infections so that in turn, they should be able to empower adolescents on their sexual roles and thus make informed choices The impact of implementing the recommendations will benefit individuals, families and communities.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A.(Health Studies)
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Ngubane, Sibusiso Siphesihle. "African township high school boys' articulations of masculinity, sexuality and sexual risk in the age of HIV / AIDS." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9567.
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The aim of this study was to explore African high school boys' articulations of masculinity, the meanings they give to their sexuality and risky sexual behaviours in the age of HIV/AIDS. The study focused on finding out what explanations boys offer for engaging in risky and unsafe sexual practices. The study used qualitative research in the form of focus group discussions and individual interviews. Seven African high school boys aged 16 turning 17 were the source of data. The findings show that some boys engage in unprotected sex, while others indicated that unprotected sex is risky. This study argues that the risky sexual behaviours that boys engage in are closely related to their constructions of masculinity. It also found that the meanings boys give to their sexuality are also influenced by external factors whereby they imitate what their peers do in order to gain acknowledgement from them and the society. Alcohol is a key factor promoting unsafe sexual practices, while social networks, such as Facebook and Mixit, are used by boys to share sex videos and pictures, thus exposing them to too much sex. With regards to implications, this study shows that the notion of being a real man is something that most boys want to achieve. Being a real man is tantamount to being courageous enough to engage in risky practices.<br>Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Dallimore, Anthea. "Adolescent risk taking behaviour in an era of HIV/AIDS infection : a case study if youth in Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5227.
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In light of the current HIV/ AIDS epidemic. the sexual risk taking and health seeking behaviour of South African adolescents is of extreme interest to rescearchers and programme implementers. Using a database of adolescents between the ages of 14 and 22 from Durban Metro and Mtunzini Magisterial District in KwaZulu-Natal Province. This paper seeks to investigate which antecedents impact most on adolescent sexual behaviour. Risk taking behaviour of interest is whether or not a condom was worn at last intercourse. The analysis also seeks to test the impact of Life Skills education in school on this behavioural outcome. Although much of the literature has pointed to more distal factors having greater influence on adolescent health seeking and risk taking behaviour. This analysis has showed that issues relating more closely to levels of communication within a relationship, attitudes towards the use of condoms. and previous health seeking behaviour. have the greatest impact on condom use. Those adolescents who wore a condom the first time they had sex. who felt they could confidently convince their partner to use a condom and who maintain high levels of communication with their partner. were found most likely to have used a condom the last time they had intercourse.<br>Thesis (M.Dev.Studies)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.
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Van, Loggerenberg Francois. "Sexually transmitted infection as a risk factor for HIV : describing treatment seeking behaviours and sexual risk practices of clinic attendees at the Cyril Zulu Communicable Diseases Centre : a potential application of the information-motivation-behaviour skills model for HIV prevention interventions." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2561.
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Co-infection with a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is both an indicator of behavioural risk, as well as an indicator of increased risk for infection with HIV. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The overall aim of the study is to profile the demographic data, health seeking behaviour, sexual risk behaviour and HIV awareness and willingness to test in a sample of STI clinic attendees in order to inform intervention programmes aimed at reducing the burden of disease in this group, thereby reducing HIV risk. It is hypothesised that those individuals who are poorly informed about key prevention information (particularly regarding the biological susceptibility to HIV infection when co-infected with an STI), who are poorly motivated due to poor attitudes towards or lack of social norms in favour of prevention behaviour, and who lack some key behaviour skills (like skills for identifying STIs early, or negotiating safer sexual practises) will be less likely to be able to initiate and maintain specific prevention behaviours. Data are collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed in relation to the Information-Motivation Behavioural Skills (IMB) model of HIV prevention behaviour. This model was specifically developed to provide a conceptual framework for the design, implementation and assessment of targeted and empirically focussed interventions to change sexual risk behaviour in HIV. Components of the IMB model that are identified as important in contributing to risk of infection in this group are identified. Finally, recommendations regarding the form and content of an intervention in this group are made. The study concludes that STI clinics may be excellent environments within which to implement HIV risk reduction pehavioural interventions which currently may be missed opportunities.<br>Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2004.
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Macia, Manuel Jose. "Male sexual behaviour and protective practices in the context of a generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic : a case study of an urban and rural area in Mozambique." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4996.
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This study investigates male sexual behaviour and protective practices in the context of a generalized HIV/AIDS epidemic in Mozambique. It focus on how gender norms, particularly notions of masculinity influence sexual behaviour and the ability of men (and women) to protect themselves against HIV infection. A combination of qualitative and quantitative methods is used in this study. The qualitative data comes from 16 focus group discussions and 20 in-depth interviews and the quantitative data comes from a survey conducted with 209 men and 217 women. This methodological approach has proven useful in exploring complex and sensitive matters such as sexual behaviour. In this study, where it was possible, the findings from the survey were supported by quotes from focus groups discussions and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study reveal that traditional gender norms, particularly rigid notions of masculinity are still prevalent in the study settings. The existing notions of manhood are mostly associated with traditional views of men as providers and main breadwinners. In contrast, women are seen as the family caregivers. Practices which bring social prestige both in the community and in the society at large are highly valued for men. Meanwhile, traditional notions of masculinity face enormous challenges in the existing socio-economic context which is characterized by a lack of employment and widespread poverty. This has negative consequences for male self-esteem including their sense of manhood. The study shows that some men believe that having multiple sexual partners is part of male identity and is supported by culture. Similarly, some women also believe that a man cannot be satisfied with one partner or stay long without having sex. These beliefs have important implications in a country with a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS. The study found that traditional notions of manhood prevent men from accessing correct health information thereby perpetuating the cycle of harmful practices for themselves and their females partners. The findings of this study suggest that despite a universal awareness of HIV infection and protective strategies, multiple sexual partnerships and unprotected sex among heterosexual men and women are the driving force sustaining the HIV/AIDS pandemic in the study settings. This is worsened by the widespread negative meanings attached to condoms. The study shows that the level of condom use (31 percent among men and 20 percent among women) is encouraging but not sufficient to curb the level of HIV infections. Consistent condom use remains a major challenge as much fewer men and women report using condoms in all their sexual encounters.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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January, Sandra Long. "Factors that affect and influence condom use among young black men during sexual intercourse." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24496.
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A research report submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Development Studies, 2017<br>HIV/AIDS is a social epidemic that continues to impact the lives of countless young people in Southern Africa and possibly poses one of the biggest threats to adolescent health and sexuality; and is one of the main challenges faced by youth in their transition to adulthood. However, despite the fifteenth year running of the South African government’s HIV/AIDS programme, prevalence rates continue to increase annually pointing to disjuncture between government intervention and the causal mechanisms involved in the spread of HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, literature on men’s sexuality in Southern Africa remains embedded within a ‘predatory masculinity and female vulnerability’ paradigm which results in a gendered analysis of HIV/AIDS and a side-lining of the male perspective which then places young men at a high risk of HIV infection. Therefore, in an attempt to understand the disconnect between literature and high prevalence rates; and to contribute to a better understanding of men’s health and sexuality, a qualitative study using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews was conducted amongst young black heterosexual men (19- 25 years old) to discover the factors that determine condom use among young men living in an RDP housing settlement in Daveyton on the East Rand of Johannesburg.
The research findings show that condom use in the sample is predicated upon the young black heterosexual men’s definition of masculinity, the nature of the sexual relationship and sexual partner, and – to a lesser extent - the social accessibility of the condom. As they move from adolescence to adulthood, there is a transition of their understanding of masculinity from one characterized by promiscuous sexual behavior where the use of condoms is seen to diminish the degree of one’s masculinity, to a masculinity fostered by responsible sexual behaviour and accompanied by condom use. The study also found that young men expressed a distance from the supposedly hegemonic view of violent masculinity and male dominance in sexual relationships and that the search for love and the ability to provide for one’s partner was what was most valued in young men’s self -conception of masculinity and sexuality. This then negatively impacted condom usage in romantic relationships as such relationships were perceived to contain less risk and it was assumed that they are predicated on trust; positing love as the biggest barrier to condom use. Furthermore, the study found that although condoms are physically and economically accessible, they are not socially accessible due to the stigma attached to sexual activity among adolescents – which results in a barrier to condom usage. Therefore, findings suggest that the
government’s condom promotion programmes - based on the tenets of education (on the subject of pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases) and physical accessibility of condoms - are largely inconsistent with the factors that determine condom use among young men. This implies that there is a need to develop tailored condom promotion programmes targeted at male sexuality<br>XL2018
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Alemayehu, Betel Getachew. "Socio-cultural factors contributing to the differential HIV statuses between Agnuak and Nuer communities in Fugnido refugee camp, Ethiopia." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/8922.
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According to the 2005 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey, HIV prevalence in Gambella
region where Fugnido refugee camp is located is 6%, which is the highest prevalence data
recorded in the country. Similarly, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR) Health Information System (HIS) demonstrates that Fugnido has the highest HIV
prevalence compared to other refugee camps in Ethiopia and furthermore shows variation in
prevalence among the two main ethnic groups in the camp, namely Agnuak and Nuer (about
8.5% and 2.3% respectively). The study seeks to investigate why a significant difference
exists in the number of people with known HIV positive status among the Agnuak
community compared to the Nuer community in the Fugnido refugee camp in Ethiopia. It
does this by investigating factors that are presumed to explain HIV high risk-behaviour and
vulnerability. This was a cross-sectional study of Agnuak and Nuer tribes living at the
Fugnido refugee camp. The sampled population involved men and women refugees from the
ages of 15 to 49 years. The study used a mixed method approach or methodological
triangulation. Cluster sampling technique was used for the quantitative data collection. The
sample size was 831 refugees (439 Agnuak and 390 Nuer). Seven (7) Focus Group
Discussions (FGDs) and 3 Key Informant (KI) interviews was used for the qualitative data
collection. Findings show that the Agnuak were almost 4 times (OR=3.8, 95% CI [1.9-7.4] p
< 0.05) more likely to practice risky behaviour compared to 0.3 times (OR=0.3, 95% CI [0.1-
0.9] p < 0.05) likelihood among the Nuer refugees. Factors associated with differences in
risky behaviour for both Agnuak and Nuer included, inter alia, primary education as the
highest level of education attained, 50% among the Agnuak (OR=0.5, 95% CI [0.3-0.8] p <
0.05), compared to Nuer community’s 30% (OR=0.3, 95% CI [0.2-0.6] p < 0.05). Access to
HIV and voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) services was lower for the Agnuak
(OR=1.8, 95% CI [1.1-2.9] p < 0.05) compared to the Nuer (OR=2.9, 95% CI [1.6-5.1] p <
0.05). Unlike the Nuer refugees, the Agnuak refugees who had experienced forced sex
(OR=7.3, 95% CI [2.9-18.8] p < 0.05) and had a positive attitude (lack of or reduced stigma)
towards HIV (OR=2.1, 95% CI [1.3-3.7] p < 0.05) were more positively associated with risky
6
behaviour (than the Nuer). The Nuer had no factor associated with risky behaviour that was
different from that of the Agnuak. The study revealed more Agnuak refugees than Nuer
refugees had been engaged in risky sexual behaviour by having multiple sex partners and
being involved in transactional sex. The Nuer was more closed and reserved to having sexual
relations outside of their group than the Agnuak were which contributed to their relatively
lower HIV prevalence. Furthermore, there was very low condom use among the Nuer
community compared to the Agnuak community, which was based on differential attitudes
between the two communities concerning trust of partner and monogamous relations. The
study findings recommend that humanitarian workers and community partners need to
collaborate to develop congruent HIV interventions that go beyond traditional strategies of
distributing condoms and focus on correct and consistent use of condoms in the camp.
Humanitarian and community workers’ understanding the socioeconomic context of the
communities and the influence of cultural and other factors, including behaviour with
intervention strategies,could also curb the epidemic.<br>Sociology<br>M.A. (Sociology)
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Banana, Catrine. "An investigation into the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2342.
Full textAbstract:
The study sought to explore and describe the risk behaviour regarding HIV transmission among youth in Bulawayo, their knowledge of HIV transmission and the sources of information on HIV transmission accessible to them. A quantitative, descriptive exploratory design was used and 238 youth from three secondary schools in Bulawayo, the second largest city in Zimbabwe were the respondents. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to facilitate and acquire insight into the risk behaviour among the youth.
The inferences drawn from the study were that youth have inadequate knowledge about HIV transmission and therefore do not fully understand their risk of infection. Youth also find shyness and fear of rejection serious barriers to communicating openly about sexuality, sexual and HIV/AIDS issues. The findings of the study have implications for programmes to limit HIV transmission among youth and should assist policymakers and educators in developing and implementing such programmes in order to improve the health of youth in Zimbabwe.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Health Studies)
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VÁLKOVÁ, Jana. "Účinnost preventivních programů v primární prevenci sexuálně přenosných chorob u studentů Zdravotně sociální fakulty Jihočeské univerzity." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-174398.
Full textAbstract:
Sex is a natural means of reproduction, but by far it is not practised solely for that purpose. In recent years there has been a large release of morality and today we would hardly find a young person with a belief that sex serves for reproduction only. Sexual life is no longer taboo and therefore it is necessary to speak also about the adverse phenomena that accompany it. There is unwanted pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. Sexually transmitted diseases present a serious global problem that does not fudge even our society. Young people represent the largest risk group in terms of infection who go through various relationsship selecting a permanent partner. The primary prevention is the most important way how to fight against sexually transmitted diseases, and it is important particularly for those who have not begun yet to live sexually. For this reason it is often implemented in the form of prevention programs in school facilities. The current situation of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic was charted in the theoretical part of this work. The goal of the practical part of this work was to obtain an overview of the effectiveness of prevention programs in the primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases among students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia. There were defined four hypotheses for this purpose. The first hypothesis: Young people get more information about the dangers of sexually transmitted diseases from the media and from their peers than from schools and parents. The second hypothesis: Experience with random sex has a quarter of respondents. The third hypothesis was formulated as follows: Women have more knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases than men. The fourth hypothesis: Women observe the principles of safe sex more than men. The quantitative research, questioning method and questionnaire technique were used to collect empirical data. The questionnaire was anonymous and had electronic form. The research sample consisted of full-time bachelor programs students of Health and Social Studies University of South Bohemia, who belong by their age structure into the most vulnerable group of infection of sexually transmitted diseases. Respondents. The research was attended by 531 respondents. The first, third and fourth hypothesis were not confirmed on the based of a statistical test. The third hypothesis was confirmed statistically. The descriptive statistics shows that young adults do not have sufficient knowledge about sexually transmitted diseases and have no fear of the disease, which is also reflected in their behavior. The prevention programs for primary prevention of sexually transmitted diseases in the Czech Republic are not quite sufficient, according to the achieved results and in my opinion, and we can not talk about their proven effectiveness. It can be said they provide at least some awareness of the risks associated with sexual intercourse. In my opinion, it is necessary to establish the precise form of the curriculum and to incorporate sex education into the framework of the educational plan as a separate subject in school facilities as basic and secondary. It is necessary to involve parents into the process of primary prevention by increasing their awareness and to pass the acquired information. It is also necessary to promote a form of barrier contraception and introduce general preventive programs in the fight against sexually transmitted diseases.
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Mungunda, Sitwala. "Determinants of non-adherence to recommended preventative methods for sexual transmission of HIV among 15 - 24 year olds in Livingstone (Zambia)." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/774.
Full textAbstract:
This qualitative study was done in Livingstone, Zambia, and used focus group discussions to investigate the reasons that youths aged 15 to 24 years see as justifying, or compelling, their non-use of recommended methods for prevention of sexual transmission of HIV. It focused on four methods, namely abstinence, condom use, voluntary counseling and testing, and mutual faithfulness.
The study found that non-adherence to HIV preventative methods is linked to variables in the process of adolescent growth and development, to contextual variables in society, to characteristics of products and services associated with these HIV preventative methods, and to disease characteristics of HIV itself. A key conclusion of this study is that to improve the effectiveness of HIV prevention programs among the youths it is essential that factors that hinder adherence to preventative methods are recognized and addressed.<br>Social Work<br>M.A.(Social Work)
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Furry, Daba Banne. "Intervention strategies for the reduction of sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/20291.
Full textAbstract:
BACKGROUND: Studies done in both developed and developing countries have reported the tendencies of adolescents to engage in risky behaviours. Such behaviours include indulging in early and unsafe sexual activities, having multiple sexual partners, alcohol and drug use and dropping out of school among others.
PURPOSE: The main aim of the study was to develop intervention strategies for reducing sexual risk practices among adolescents in Ethiopia.
METHODS: A mixed method approach using quantitative and qualitative approaches was employed in order to investigate the risks of sexual practices among urban and rural adolescents in the selected area. A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data quantitatively and focus group discussions were used for the qualitative part of data collection.
A total of 449 students and 72 FGD participants were selected for quantitative and qualitative study respectively using systematic random sampling technique. Logistic regression was done to identify possible factors associated with knowledge on emergency contraceptive, condom utilisation, pre-marital sex practices and perception of risky sexual practices.
RESULTS: One hundred and seventy (37.9%) respondents had experienced sexual intercourse at the time of the study. The higher proportion (42.6%) of those who had
engaged in sexual relationships was from the rural school compared to 33.1% in the urban schools. The proportion of sexually active respondents was higher among males (44.8%) compared to (29%) females. Multiple partners were higher in rural adolescents (44.7%) compared to 31.8% among urban adolescents. Sexually Transmitted Diseases were reported by 28.6% of the sexually active adolescents and the prevalence was higher among males (73.5%) compared to 27% females. 87% of the sexually active adolescents rarely used a condom.
CONCLUSION: The study identified a knowledge gap on ASRH which limited adolescents to access reproductive services. Social, cultural and economic factors contributed to adolescent engagement in risky sexual behaviours. Based on the major findings of this study, intervention strategies targeting behavioural, biomedical and structural interventions were proposed.<br>Health Studies<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)
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Motlatla, Rebecca. "The role of male partners in combating adolescent pregnancy." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17520.
Full textAbstract:
This study was intended to explore the role male partners play in preventing adolescent pregnancy in the Letlhabile area, of Brits district, which is located in the North West Province. Adolescent males and females whose ages ranged between 13-20 years were included in the sample. The inclusion criteria was determined on the basis of the adolescents who were pregnant and non- pregnant, as well as males who had already became parents and those who hadn't experienced fatherhood.
Focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were conducted.ObservaJions and the review of existing documents were triangulated to gather valid and reliable information. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis were blended. The findings revealed significant factors that ranged from the reaction of parents and/or partner to the announcement of pregnancy, to issues that impact on consequences of multiple sex partners. The recommendations of this project deal with aspects that include contraception, sexuality education, parental involvement among many relevant policy issues.<br>Health Studies<br>M.A. (Nursing Science)
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Razak, Amana K. "A qualitative investigation on the sexual practices of adolescents in relation to sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immuno- deficiency syndrome." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/651.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted in partial fullfillment of the requirements of a Masters degree in Clinical Psychology University of Zululand, 2003.<br>Research shows that prevention campaigns have been successful in raising awareness about AIDS and even in teaching people how to protect themselves, i.e. "Abstain, Be Faithful, Condomise" where they have failed dismally is in convincing people especially the youth of today as to how to apply it.
The aim of the study was to investigate qualitatively the sexual practices of adolescents in relation to sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome.
The study investigated the determinants of condom using behaviour amongst school going adolescents, in the Durban and Verulam metropolitan region of Kwa-Zulu Natal. The motivation for the study was contexualised within the preventative health model which views the consistent and correct use of condoms as a primary strategy in preventing the spread of STD's and HIV/AIDS. In South Africa the health promotion campaigns focusing on safe sex practices and condom use have met with limited success as evidenced in this study.
The sexual behaviour of adolescents is a key factor in influencing HIV transmission and sexually transmitted diseases. The reason for this behaviour is that most youths are inconsistent condom users and those who become sexually active at an early stage, run a greater risk to being exposed to HIV and STD's, both because of multiple partners and increased episodes of unprotected sex.
The results indicate that on a very superficial level, South African adolescents possess good knowledge about transmission and prevention. The reason for this is that in order to produce behavioural changes, education programmes on sex and AIDS should include cognitive and behavioural skills training, addressing interpersonal problem solving, planning and assertive communication. Furthermore the under-resourced health sector, inaccessible health facilities, poor education and preventative measures do not empower the youth to make health choices responsibly
It is envisaged that the recommendations from the research would ensure that existing health facilities are accessible to the youth today. Family planning clinics which are decentralised and offer a youth day programme in respect of sexuality education and proper use of contraceptives and condoms, ensuring full confidentiality. It is further hoped that this research would show that prevention and education messages are more effectively conveyed to the youth in South Africa, emphasising cognitive and behavioural skills training, with the co-operation and co-ordinated efforts of all departments and non governmental organisation, as well as by those infected themselves.
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Diaconu, Mioara. "Social capital The missing link between HIV/AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and related behaviors among young women in Tanzania /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10106/1017.
Full text
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Quan, Vanessa Cecilia. "Narratives around sexual behaviour and decisions regarding treatment-seeking of adolescent females who contracted a sexually transmitted infection: Birth to Twenty cohort." Thesis, 2012.
Find full textAbstract:
Degree of Masters in Public Health by coursework and research report
Maternal and Child
Johannesburg, March 2012<br>Adolescent sexual behaviour related to low condom-use and early sexual debut has
been a concern in the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV.
Treatment-seeking behaviour is a problem in adolescents due to embarrassment and
unfriendly health care services. The Birth to Twenty study group (Bt20) is a cohort of
singletons born in 1990 with approximately 10% having tested positive for STIs at an
early age. Their sexually activity and unprotected sex practices have increased their risk
for HIV infection. The objectives of this study were to explore the perceptions, sexual
behaviour and treatment-seeking behaviour of a sample of girls who had a previous STI,
through their narratives.
One-on-one narrative interviews were done on 19 girls with the aid of an interview
schedule. A life history of their sexual encounters was documented. The interviews were
taped and transcribed. Thematic analysis was performed.
The majority of the girls had no knowledge of STIs before they were counselled by the
Bt20 nurses yet 50% of the girls used condoms in their first sexual experiences. Once
counselled, almost all the girls went on to seek treatment for their STI. A third of the girls
reported poor service at the clinic and would prefer to be treated either privately or at
Bt20 if possible. Information regarding the role of STIs in the transmission of HIV seems
to be unclear. Improving the life orientation programme at schools with a focus on STIs
and pregnancy would positively impact on HIV transmission. One-on-one counselling is
effective but may not be feasible in under-resourced communities and the continued
education of nurses in clinics, whilst increasing the number of adolescent friendly clinics,
must be prioritised.
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Porter, Leila Andrea. "Factors associated with consistent condom use as reported by sexually active female adolescents a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science (Parent-Child Nursing) ... /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68798766.html.
Full text
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Musarurgwa, Elizabeth Sabie. "The evaluation of the effectiveness of a sex education programme for adolescents." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1582.
Full textAbstract:
M.A.<br>The purpose of this study was to determine if the PPASA Lifeskills HIV/AIDS programme is an effective sexuality programme for adolescents. The ANOVA was used to measure the effectiveness of the programme. The PPASA Lifeskill HIV/AIDS manual was used to present acceptable sexual knowledge, sexual behaviour and sexual values as well as attitudes. Some of the sources that were reviewed with regard to those variables are Greathead et al., Madima C., Taitz L., Kaplan P., Louw D. and Olivier M. The field experiment before and after control group (pretest-postest) design was used for the research. The Mathtech sexuality questionnaire is the instrument that was employed to measure the effectiveness of the PPASA Lifeskills HIV/AIDS programme with regard to sexual behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and values. The Anova was then used to compare means between different groups and to determine if the scores are statistically significant. Unanticipated results were produced, the experimental groups sexual behaviour got worse instead of improving. The experiential group’s data indicated that the group was not significantly better off on their sexual knowledge, behaviour and attitudes. The results do not necessarily mean that the PPASA Lifeskills HIV/AIDS programme is useless, the programme can be used effectively as long as issues like language of instruction, time frame for the presentation of the programme, information grading and the role of parents with regard to the sexuality of their children can be resolved. Future research should try to work on some of the above mentioned obstacles. Research should be well resourced, both in regard to time as well as the material. It is also important to look into that which makes sexuality education programmes fail and succeed. The school should be the main agent of presenting sexuality education. It should work towards breaking the African culture of regarding sexuality topics as taboo. Parents should also be encouraged to take part in educating their children and being there for their children all the time.
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Wilson, Alyssa Courtney Prien. "The impact of sexual coercion and violence on sexual decision- making : a look at youth in KwaZulu Natal." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4835.
Full text
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Juggernath, Vermala. "Prevalence and risk factors associated with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 in a cohort of woman : a secondary analysis." Diss., 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13344.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV 2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. HSV 2 infection is a risk factor for the acquisition and transmission of other STIs.
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine prevalence and predictors of HSV 2 infection in Durban, South Africa by using available data that has not been previously analysed for the purpose of adding scientific evidence to the existing body of knowledge relating to HSV 2.
Method: The study involves secondary analyses of data collected as a prospective study which enrolled women who participated in a clinical trial. A total of 3472 sexually active women were screened in the primary study from two clinics in Durban. All consenting participants were tested for HIV, HSV 2, Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection.
Results: There were 2532 women who had HSV 2 giving a prevalence of 73%. Of these, 53% also tested positive for HIV infection. In univariate analysis, co-infection with HIV was strongly associated with HSV2 (Odds Ratio (OR): 7.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 6.0, 9.1, p<0.001). There was also an association between other STIs, such as CT, NG and syphilis and HSV 2, although only NG was significantly associated with prevalent of HSV 2 (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.1, p=0.005). Women older than 25 years of age more likely to have HSV 2 (OR: 2.4, 95% CI: 2.0,2.8, p<0.001). A risk of being infected with HSV 2 increased with the number of reported lifetime sexual partners Those with two and three or more were 2,5 and 4.6 times more likely to have HSV2 respectively (OR: 2.5, 95% CI: 2.1,3.1, p<0.001 and OR: 4.6, 95% CI: 3.8, 5.6, p<0.001 respectively). Women who had less than high school education were also found to have higher risk for HSV 2.
Conclusion: The secondary analysis showed a high prevalence of HSV 2 infection and a strong association of HSV 2 and HIV. A significant association of HSV 2 was noted in women having more than two sex partners and lower high school education. Therefore, it is recommended that screening for HSV 2 among high risk populations be incorporated into the STI screening and treatment packages.<br>Prevalence and risk factors associated with HSV 2<br>Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2<br>HSV 2<br>Department of Health Studies<br>M. (Public health)
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Sekera, Jan Carlos. "Sexuálně přenosné infekce v Praze: Sociálně epidemiologická analýza." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-382873.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is focused on a situation of sexually transmitted infections in Prague (and in The Czech Republic shallowly) and analyzes this issue relatively to the social epidemiology. The thesis tries to identify the most vulnerable groups of a population. These groups contain homosexual men, individuals having unprotected sex and promiscuous people. Further more, the thesis tries to identify a relation between a high-risk factor and an exposition of a particular infection. For example, it was found out that sexual related risks are mostly determinated by a sexual behavior and a region where the individuals come from. Also, men are more vulnerable group of people than women according to findings of this thesis. A gonorrhoea infection is the most reported sexually transmitted infection in Prague (59,1 % of all cases). Syphilis is the second most common infection of this kind. The highest prevalence of sexually transmitted infections was reported for people with (finished or unfinished) basic education. This group of people represents 14,3 % of all reported cases. Its prevalence is 67,7 patients per ten thousand individuals. A group of people aged 20 - 29 years is another group with high prevalence. Further identification of a sexual behavior in The Czech Republic was one of the main goals of this...
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Mokwatlo, Elizabeth Maboakae. "The evaluation of the implementation of HIV-AIDS policies at school level with particular focus on discrimination and stigma amongst educators." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2085.
Full textAbstract:
Against the background of evidence that HIV-AIDS has had and continues to have
an enormous impact on all South African schools, a need has arisen for HIV -AIDS
policies and programmes to be effectively implemented in all schools. In this study, a
qualitative methodology was used to evaluate policy implementation in the North
West province. Data was gathered by means of field notes, observation and
interviews with management and educators. The study found that although principals
and educators are knowledgeable about HIV -AIDS, there is a tendency to
discriminate against infected educators, particularly in terms of educator workload.
This study also revealed that educators fear being accidentally exposed to HIV -AIDS
infected blood, despite the guidelines given in the National HIV -AIDS policy and the
availability of emergency first aid kits. The key thought emerging from this study is
that not all schools are able to deal effectively with HIV -AIDS and that schools
urgently need to plan or implement their own policies in this regard. School-based
HIV-AIDS policies can only be successful if they take cognisance of local contextual
issues and involve the three spheres of influence in the lives of educators and
learners, namely, the sphere of the school, the sphere of family life and the sphere of
the community.<br>Sociology<br>M.A.(Social and Behavioural Studies in HIV-AIDS)
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Nyembezi, Nceba. "Grade 12 learners' perceptions of their vulnerability to HIV-infections : a study in the Eastern Cape." Diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18578.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to investigate Grade 12 learners’ perceptions of their vulnerability to HIV infections in order to gain insight of their experiences on HIV and AIDS at schools in the Eastern Cape.
This was done by using a mixed method approach where focus-group discussions and questionnaires were used to gather data.
This study found that the teaching of HIV and AIDS or Life Skills is not adequate. It is possible that the lack of learner involvement in the design and implementation of the programmes could be one of the reasons why there is low participation by learners in intervention programmes in schools, as noted in this study.
There is need for strong advocacy on the use of condoms as a preventive measure against unwanted pregnancies, and sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) including HIV. More involvement in extra-curricular activities would help learners to develop self-esteem and the ability to resist drugs and other risky sexual behaviours.<br>Social Work<br>M.A. (Social Behaviour Studies in HIV & AIDS)