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Journal articles on the topic 'HIV/AIDS in Thailand'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

van Griensven, Frits, Nittaya Phanuphak, and Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai. "Biomedical HIV prevention research and epidemic control in Thailand: two sides of the same coin." Sexual Health 11, no. 2 (2014): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13119.

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For a country with a moderate adult HIV prevalence of just over 1% in 2012, Thailand is widely perceived as having made some extraordinary contributions to the global management of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. It has been promoted as a model of effective HIV control and applauded for its leadership in providing access to antiretroviral treatment. Thailand has also received international recognition for its contribution to biomedical HIV prevention research, which is generally perceived as exceptional. In this paper, Thailand’s global role model function as an example of effective HIV/AIDS control and high-quality biomedical HIV prevention research is re-evaluated against the background of currently available data and more recent insights. The results indicate that Thailand’s initial response in raising the level of the political significance of HIV/AIDS was indeed extraordinary, which probably prevented a much larger epidemic from occurring. However, this response transpired in unusual extraconstitutional circumstances and its effectiveness declined once the country returned to political normalcy. Available data confirm the country’s more than exceptional contribution to biomedical HIV prevention research. Thailand has made a huge contribution to the global management and control of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

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2

Nyamathi, Adeline, Chandice Covington, and Malaika Mutere. "Vulnerable Populations in Thailand: Giving Voice to Women Living With HIV/AIDS." Annual Review of Nursing Research 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.25.1.339.

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Thailand was the first Asian country hit by the AIDS epidemic, and in the 1990s reported the fastest spread of HIV/AIDS in the world. According to Thailand’s Ministry of Public Health, women, primarily between the child-bearing ages of 15 and 49, are increasingly becoming infected with HIV. A number of factors contribute to the increasing AIDS epidemic, including the rise of the commercial sex industry in Thailand; social disparities that have existed between men and women throughout Thailand’s history; and the gender-expectations faced by Thai women toward family and society.Thailand enjoys one of the oldest, reputedly successful primary health care delivery systems in the world; one that relies on community health workers to reach the most rural of populations. In the mid-1990s, day care centers were established at district hospitals by the Thai government to provide medical, psychological, and social care to people living with HIV/AIDS (PWA). Buddhist temples also provide a source of alternative care for PWAs. However, the AIDS policy of the Thai government relies on families to care for the country’s sick.Although poor women are a vulnerable population in Thailand, they are changing the paradigm of AIDS stigma while providing a significant cost-savings to the Thai government in their caregiving activities. Based on existing nursing studies on Thailand, this chapter gives voice to poor Thai women living with HIV/AIDS, and examines how they make sense of their gendered contract with society and religion while being HIV/AIDS caregivers, patients, or both.

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3

Viravaidya, Mechai. "HIV/AIDS: Perspective on Thailand." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 15, no. 8 (August 2001): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/108729101316914467.

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4

Matsuda, Masami. "HIV/AIDS and Professional Freedom of Expression in Japan." Nursing Ethics 9, no. 4 (July 2002): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733002ne526oa.

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A senior physician with a government role in Japan made a widely reported and misleading statement about Thailand’s policy on HIV/AIDS patients. He claimed that in Thailand the policy is to spend public money on the prevention of HIV infection while allowing AIDS patients to die untreated. The author, a community nursing specialist in Japan with first-hand knowledge of HIV/AIDS policy in Thailand, thought that this statement would influence attitudes negatively in Japan. However, speaking out about this misrepresentation of the facts carried certain risks. Although freedom of expression is valued in Japan, in practice it is not easy to contradict senior medical professionals. The author uses his experience of this difficult professional situation to teach nurses how to approach speaking out in the public interest.

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5

Saengwonloey, Orapun, Chuleeporn Jiraphongsa, and Hjordis Foy. "Thailand Report: HIV/AIDS Surveillance 1998." JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 32 (February 2003): S63—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00126334-200302011-00010.

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6

Rakkapao, Nitchamon, Pradabduang Kiattisaksiri, and Ronnapoom Samakkekarom. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and HIV/AIDS Risk Behaviors of Myanmar Migrant Workers in Thailand." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 3, no. 3 (October 31, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-33452.

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Background: HIV/AIDS is s ll a problem in the health care system of developing countries. Migrant workers are considered a vulnerable popula on for HIV infec on. The current informa on on HIV/AIDS and migrant workers is useful to provide suitable effec ve health interven ons for the preven on of HIV/AIDS. This study aims to describe knowledge, a tudes and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors among Myanmar male migrant workers in Thailand. Methods: A cross-sec onal study was conducted in Myanmar male migrant workers aged 18-60 years collected from February to May 2018. A total of 400 migrant workers who live in Patumthani provinces were selected by a convenience sampling method. Descrip ve sta s cs were used to explore knowledge, a tudes and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors of par cipants. Results: The mean age of the par cipants was 33 years, ages ranged from 18 to 60 years old, achieved pri- mary school (40.40%), and married (54.30%). An average living in Thailand was 3.25 years and monthly income was 9,166 baht (∼286 USD), respec vely. A majority of par cipants had a poor level of HIV/AIDS knowledge (55.25%) and a fair level of an a tude about HIV/AIDS disease and preven on (61.25%). Risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS of par cipants who had sex with non-partners were 40.58%. Conclusion: Most par cipants had poor knowledge and a fair a tude of HIV/AIDS. Risk behaviors related to HIV/AIDS of the par cipants were rela vely high. Moreover, most of par cipants had less access to health care services. This results confirmed that an urgent need to provide health interven on to increase knowledge on HIV/AIDS of Myanmar migrant workers in Thailand.

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7

Chandeying, V. "Epidemiology of HIV and sexually transmitted infections in Thailand." Sexual Health 1, no. 4 (2004): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04032.

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There are very few developing countries in the world where public policy has been effective in preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS on a national scale. Thailand is an exception, a massive program to control HIV has reduced visits to commercial sex workers by half, raised condom usage, decreased sexually transmitted infections dramatically, and achieved substantial reductions in new HIV infections. However, unless past efforts are sustained and new sources of infection are addressed, the striking achievements made in controlling the epidemic could be put at risk. There is a need in Thailand to continue strong HIV/AIDS prevention and education efforts in the future, as well as to provide treatment and care for those living with HIV/AIDS.

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8

Winichakoon, Poramed, and Siripong Tongjai. "The Emerging of CRF01_AE: A Clinical Story and Future HIV/AIDS Situation in Thailand." Current HIV Research 18, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x18666200129160723.

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The HIV epidemic in Thailand in the 1980’s compromised the country’s socio-economic development. The epidemic first became evident in the community of men with male sexual partners (MSM), and subsequently spread to intravenous drug users (IVDU), female commercial sex workers (CSW) and their male clients, and, ultimately, to their partners and children. The HIV epidemic has devastated the country’s working-age population. The extensive negative impact and social stigma associated with the disease do not only have an impact on the victims of HIV but also on their descendants and relatives. An epicenter of the HIV epidemic has been in the northern provinces of Thailand. An HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE, a complex chimeric virus composed of both A and E subtypes, is prevalent in Northern Thailand. The virus has quickly become a predominant viral strain circulating in Thailand, other neighboring Southeast Asian countries, and China as well as some other countries throughout the world. The epidemiology, evolution, and biology of CRF01_AE offer a unique model for further scientific investigations which would advance the knowledge of and curative strategies against HIV. In addition, Thailand has developed suitable national guidelines on HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention in order to control the epidemic. Effective antiretroviral drugs are, therefore, able to be made available to those who live with HIV. The national surveillance system has also been effective. The great efforts and resources which Thailand has dedicated to the fight against the epidemic have eventually paid off. In 2010, a plan was proposed to eliminate mother-to-child HIV transmission and Thailand has become the first country to be effective in this objective. Thailand therefore has become recognized as being the global leader in HIV prevention and treatment. The experience which Thailand has gained from the past and the current research and management strategies of the HIV epidemic has prepared the country for emerging strains of HIV-1 in the future.

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9

Phoolcharoen, W. "HIV/AIDS Prevention in Thailand: Success and Challenges." Science 280, no. 5371 (June 19, 1998): 1873–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5371.1873.

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10

Oberdorfer, Peninnah, Thanyawee Puthanakit, Orawan Louthrenoo, Chawanun Charnsil, Virat Sirisanthana, and Thira Sirisanthana. "Disclosure of HIV/AIDS diagnosis to HIV-infected children in Thailand." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 42, no. 5 (May 2006): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00855.x.

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11

Sanyaolu, Adekunle, Chuku Okorie, Anjali Kumar, Deja LaMoure, Mourad Rabadi, Jennings Hernandez, and George Omiloli. "Current trends of HIV/AIDS in Asia." South East Asia Journal of Public Health 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/seajph.v7i2.38850.

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It is very important to recognize the trends in HIV/AIDS in specific areas such as Asia because it is vital to understanding the effectiveness of current approaches towards diagnosis and treatment. It is also very important to understand the risk factors that greatly predispose people in Asia to contracting HIV/AIDS such as lifestyle, culture, and religion. This review extensively analyzes the current trends of HIV/AIDS in India, China, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. Additionally, cultural diversity carries certain social and religious stigmas associated with the disease. These social stigmas also pose as a significant influence on government involvement with regards to the funding of HIV/AIDS awareness, education, prevention, and the protection of human rights. Lack of education about the methods that help people from the disease and mode of transmission remains a significant hindrance in the prevention of a further rise in epidemiological statistics. Moreover, these factors are attributed to the rising incidence or risk of HIV within several populations amongst these countries. This review also analyzes the clinical presentation, epidemiological statistics, and the financial and socioeconomic impacts of HIV/AIDS in India, China, Thailand, Cambodia and Indonesia. Financial burdens and lack of government infrastructure in the healthcare systems are largely responsible for the rapidly rising prevalence of the disease among these populations, along with the inaccessibility to prevention and treatment methods. Furthermore, the scarcity of available antiretroviral and preventative medications is discussed. Lastly, this review explores various methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention plans that are implemented in modern medicine with respect to HIV/AIDS.South East Asia Journal of Public Health Vol.7(2) 2017: 3-11

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12

Punta, Pitakpong, Ratana Somrongthong, and Ramesh Kumar. "Factors influencing quality of life (QOL) amongst elderly caregivers of people living with HIV/AIDS in Phayao province, Thailand: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 8 (January 9, 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16892.1.

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Background: There are many impacts on quality of life among elderly people living with HIV patients. This study aimed to assess factors influencing quality of life among elderly people living with HIV/AIDS in a northern province of Thailand. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Phayao province, Thailand. A systematic sampling technique was employed to select study participants. 152 elderly participants aged 60 years and older with a family member living with HIV/AIDS were recruited to the study. They were interviewed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Older Adults Module (WHOQOL-OLD) questionnaire. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing quality of life among elderly people affected by family member living with HIV/AIDS. Results: The results of the study showed the mean age of elderly participants was 67.20 + 52 years, most of which were female (97 persons, 63.8%). The mean time taking care of HIV/AIDS patients was 6.61+ 4.96 years. In term of health status among the elderly participants, the majority did not have chronic diseases (61.4%), amongst those with chronic diseases (38.6%), hypertension and diabetes were the most common. The average quality of life score was at a fair level. The time taking care of HIV/AIDS patients and health status were significant predictors of quality of life among participants 8.1 % (R2=.081; p < .05). Conclusion: In order to improve quality of life among elderly caregivers to family member living with HIV/AIDS, time taking care of HIV/AIDS patients and health status should be focused on, amongst other factors. Help and support from the government, community, health organizations, academic research, and family members can help improve quality of life amongst the elderly.

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13

Tripiboon, Dinlaga. "A HIV/AIDS Prevention Program for Married Women in Rural Northern Thailand." Australian Journal of Primary Health 7, no. 3 (2001): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py01051.

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HIV/ AIDS transmission is a major threat to married women around the world and especially in developing areas such as rural northern Thailand. Heterosexual transmission is the dominant route by which this disease is acquired. Married women routinely have unprotected sex with their husbands and have limited ability to change this behaviour to protect themselves. Specific intervention is needed to enable married women to take action to protect themselves from HIV/AIDS. The study aims to develop, conduct and evaluate the effectiveness of an HIV/AIDS prevention and intervention program in rural northern Thailand. It used a community development model to enable married women to improve their internal factors of self-efficacy, self-esteem and hope and to increase their behavioural skills for negotiation of safe sex practices and condom use with their husbands. The method was used in which eight villages were randomly assigned to either treatment or control conditions, with the village as the unit of randomisation. The intervention program was delivered by health volunteers and trained as agents of change to motivate and mobilise married women in the program. The intervention was implemented through community mobilisation and a grass roots community-based initiative. Pretest and post-test questionnaires were administered to assess internal factors and behaviour skills among 607 married women aged between 18-49 who were living in the villages participating in the study. The results of the intervention program showed enhanced internal factors among the married women. Most importantly, the number of married women demonstrating ability in negotiation skills increased from 33% to 92%, and the percentage of couples using condoms more frequently increased from 24% to 59%. In conclusion, the trial demonstrated that HIV/AIDS prevention intervention increases married women?s ability to protect themselves against HIV infection. This inexpensive education and skills building package to help the prevention level of HIV/AIDS could be widely implemented throughout Thailand and in other developing countries, which have similar social structures

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14

Sakthong, Phantipa, Jon C. Schommer, Cynthia R. Gross, Wisit Prasithsirikul, and Rungpetch Sakulbumrungsil. "Health Utilities in Patients with HIV/AIDS in Thailand." Value in Health 12, no. 2 (March 2009): 377–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2008.00440.x.

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15

Weniger, Bruce G., Khanchit Limpakarnjanarat, Kumnuan Ungchusak, Sombat Thanprasertsuk, Kachit Choopanya, Suphak Vanichseni, Thongchai Uneklabh, Prasert Thongcharoen, and Chantapong Wasi. "The epidemiology of HIV infection and AIDS in Thailand." AIDS 5, Supplement (January 1991): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199101001-00011.

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16

Liamputtong, Pranee, Niphattra Haritavorn, and Niyada Kiatying-Angsulee. "HIV and AIDS, stigma and AIDS support groups: Perspectives from women living with HIV and AIDS in central Thailand." Social Science & Medicine 69, no. 6 (September 2009): 862–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.040.

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17

Takai, Akiko, Som Arch Wongkhomthong, Akira Akabayashi, Ichiro Kai, Gen Ohi, and Koichi Naka. "Correlation between history of contact with people living with HIV AIDS PWAs and tolerant attitudes toward HIV AIDS and PWAs in rural Thailand." International Journal of STD & AIDS 9, no. 8 (August 1, 1998): 482–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462981922548.

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This study examines the hypothesis that people who have more contact with PWAs people living with AIDS are more tolerant than those who have no contact with them. Four provinces with different incidence of AIDS in 4 different regions of Thailand were selected. Structured questionnaire interviews were conducted with village people, asking about their history of contact with PWAs, and knowledge and attitudes toward HIV AIDS and PWAs n =434 . An lAttitude Score , which indicates an accepting attitude or tolerance toward HIV AIDS and PWAs, was developed using the results of the questionnaire on attitudes. Six factors: sex, education, age, province, knowledge, and history of contact with PWAs were positively correlated with the Attitude Score. After a multiple regression analysis, contact with PWAs was significantly associated with Attitude Score. This study is one of the first analytical studies conducted in a non Western country to show that people s tolerant attitudes towards HIV AIDS and PWAs are positively related to their history of contact with HIV AIDS and PWAs. This finding should have important implications for future educational programmes and preventative intervention.

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18

Knodel, John, and Chanpen Saengtienchai. "Older-Aged Parents." Journal of Family Issues 26, no. 5 (July 2005): 665–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x04272754.

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This study examines the role that older-aged parents play in the care and support of adult sons and daughters with HIV or AIDS and of AIDS orphans in Thailand within the context of a limited institutional safety net. The analysis draws on both quantitative and qualitative data from survey and open-ended interviews with the parents and from individual case information provided by key informants. The results show that health and welfare benefits provided to persons with HIV or AIDS in Thailand are significant but that this formal safety net still leaves the bulk of care and support, as well as the fostering of orphans, to the family. Reliance on parents is particularly common, a pattern that likely occurs in other developing countries with serious epidemics. Programs to improve caregiving and to provide support to persons affected by the epidemic need to recognize the crucial role of older-aged parents and to incorporate them in their efforts.

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19

Lyttleton, Chris. "Messages of distinction: The HIV/AIDS media campaign in Thailand." Medical Anthropology 16, no. 1-4 (November 1994): 363–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.1994.9966122.

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20

Vararuk, A., I. Petrounias, and V. Kodogiannis. "Data mining techniques for HIV/AIDS data management in Thailand." Journal of Enterprise Information Management 21, no. 1 (December 24, 2007): 52–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/17410390810842255.

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21

Morris, Martina, Chai Podhisita, Maria J. Wawer, and Mark S. Handcock. "Bridge populations in the spread of HIV/AIDS in Thailand." AIDS 10, no. 11 (September 1996): 1265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199609000-00013.

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22

Mudaly, Bala. "From Condom to Cabbages: Reflections on Primary Health Care." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02034.

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In November 2002, I undertook an extended visit to Thailand. I toured the urban centres and rural areas of north and north eastern Thailand. From reading the local newspapers, talking to local people, and from personal observations, I gained a sense of the more urgent social issues troubling this country: rural poverty, HIV/AIDS, the low status ofwomen, and corruption.

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23

SONGWATHANA, P., and L. MANDERSON. "Perceptions of HIV/AIDS and caring for people with terminal AIDS in Southern Thailand." AIDS Care 10, no. 2 (April 1998): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540129850124262.

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24

Vorakitphokatorn, Sairudee, Julie Pulerwitz, and Richard A. Cash. "HIV/AIDS Risk to Women Travelers in Thailand: Comparison of Japanese and Western Populations." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 18, no. 1 (April 1998): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2ln8-mdfj-efdv-7xxf.

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Japanese and Western women travelers to Thailand were interviewed to determine factors associated with travel and risk of sexually transmitted HIV infection. Self-administered questionnaires ( n = 179) were collected at beach resort areas during July and August of 1995. Four travel attitude profiles were determined by a Principle Components Analysis. Japanese travelers reported attitudes consistent with “Relaxation/Romance,” and Western travelers attitudes consistent with “Sexual Adventure.” Both groups indicated that they would develop a sexual relationship with another traveler, as opposed to a local Thai. Japanese respondents were less likely to report carrying condoms, report the intention to use condoms, or report knowledge about AIDS in Thailand. They also reported less comfort with the open distribution of condoms and AIDS prevention information. Differing HIV risk beliefs and behaviors indicate that cultural factors should be taken into account when designing intervention messages and materials for any group.

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25

van Griensven, Frits, Nittaya Phanuphak, Chomnad Manopaiboon, Eileen F. Dunne, Donn J. Colby, Pannee Chaiphosri, Reshmie Ramautarsing, et al. "HIV prevalence and incidence among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Bangkok, 2014–2018: Outcomes of a consensus development initiative." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e0262694. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262694.

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To reach its goal of ending AIDS by 2030, Thailand has adopted antiretroviral treatment as prevention and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis for men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW) as its core HIV control strategy. However, in the absence of reliable epidemiologic indicators, the impact of these policies on the course of the HIV epidemic in these groups remains unknown. To help answer this question, we formulated an HIV epidemic consensus initiative for Bangkok, Thailand, to analyze epidemiologic and program data and reach agreement between experts and stakeholders on the evolving state of the HIV epidemic among MSM and TGW. A customized Delphi process was used to consult and consolidate viewpoints of experts and stakeholders. Experts presented and discussed HIV prevalence and incidence data from recent and ongoing studies among MSM and TGW in Bangkok (2014 to 2018) during a meeting with stakeholders representing government, donors, and civil society. Agreement about the course of the HIV epidemic among MSM and TGW was attained by voting consensus. Based on presented data, meeting participants agreed that HIV prevalence and incidence had decreased among Bangkok MSM from 2014 to 2018. Despite these declines, HIV prevalence and incidence were found to remain high. This was particularly the case among younger MSM. Participants agreed that there was no evidence for a decrease in HIV prevalence and incidence among Bangkok TGW. Introduction of antiretroviral treatment as prevention and HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis may have contributed to these declines. However, HIV prevalence and incidence remained high, and no signs of a decrease were reported among Bangkok TGW. At the current rate of new HIV infections in MSM and TGW, Thailand will not reach its goal of ending AIDS by 2030. This HIV consensus initiative may serve as a model for building agreement and advocacy on epidemiologic and program data and their implications for a large metropolitan city.

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26

Jirattikorn, Amporn, Arunrat Tangmunkongvorakul, Patou Masika Musumari, Arratee Ayuttacorn, Kriengkrai Srithanaviboonchai, Cathy Banwell, and Matthew Kelly. "Sexual risk behaviours and HIV knowledge and beliefs of Shan migrants from Myanmar living with HIV in Chiang Mai, Thailand." International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care 16, no. 4 (November 2, 2020): 543–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmhsc-09-2019-0080.

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Purpose For decades, northern Thailand has been a hub for migration in the Greater Mekong Sub-region, particularly for migrants from Myanmar. HIV prevalence among Myanmar/Burmese migrants is higher than in the general Thai population. This study aims to focus on Shan migrants living with HIV in Chiang Mai, the metropolitan centre of northern Thailand and to examine two related aspects: migrants’ sexual risk behaviour and their HIV knowledge and beliefs. The study aims to understand circumstances in which mobility increases HIV risk behaviour and prevalence. Design/methodology/approach Using a qualitative study, the authors conducted in-depth interviews in 2017 with 43 HIV-infected Shan migrants (21 males and 22 females), and 29 health-care providers who work in district hospitals in Chiang Mai. Findings The authors found that social and economic vulnerability associated with migration, and AIDS-related mortality, increased migrants’ likelihood of having multiple serial partners. Confusion about HIV symptoms, stigmatization of HIV positive women and low risk perceptions, particularly among men, increased their risk behaviours. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to study the way of life, sexual behaviour and HIV knowledge and beliefs of Shan Migrants from Myanmar Living with HIV in Thailand.

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27

Belk, Russell W., Per Østergaard, and Ronald Groves. "Sexual Consumption in the Time of AIDS: A Study of Prostitute Patronage in Thailand." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 17, no. 2 (September 1998): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074391569801700205.

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On the basis of short-term, qualitative fieldwork, the authors provide a culturally embedded portrait of AIDS knowledge, attitudes, and risk-taking behaviors in prostitute patronage by students and tourists in the most heavily HIV-infected region of Thailand. The authors find that the mix of cultural values, rituals, sex roles, and emotions in this Thai context challenge the underlying assumptions of belief-based Western models of behavior. This may help explain the limited effectiveness of prior research and prevention efforts in stopping the spread of HIV and AIDS. Although the findings are preliminary, they pose provocative challenges to consumer information processing models and existing public policy efforts in this milieu of sex and death.

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28

Apidechkul, T. "P2-358 HIV/AIDS status in a hill-tribe population, Thailand." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 65, Suppl 1 (August 1, 2011): A322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2011.142976k.90.

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29

Borthwick, Prudence. "HIV/AIDS Projects with and for Gay Men in Northern Thailand." Journal of Gay & Lesbian Social Services 9, no. 2-3 (April 9, 1999): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j041v09n02_03.

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30

Sringernyuang, L., S. Thaweesit, and S. Nakapiew. "A situational analysis of HIV/AIDS-related discrimination in Bangkok, Thailand." AIDS Care 17, sup2 (July 2005): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540120500120161.

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31

Apidechkul, Tawatchai. "An effectiveness of HIV/AIDS prevention model in Akha youths, Thailand." Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 48, no. 2 (April 2015): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.02.046.

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32

Li, Li, Sung-Jae Lee, Yi Wen, Chunqing Lin, Dai Wan, and Chuleeporn Jiraphongsa. "Antiretroviral therapy adherence among patients living with HIV/AIDS in Thailand." Nursing & Health Sciences 12, no. 2 (March 16, 2010): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00521.x.

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33

Chandeying, Verapol. "Sexual health promotion in Thailand." Sexual Health 2, no. 3 (2005): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh04050.

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Sexuality and power are at the root of most sexual and reproductive health problems in Thailand, including reproductive tract infections, fertility and population control, unwanted pregnancy and abortion, unsafe abortion, unsafe motherhood and violence against women, as well as issues emerging from the mobile and migrant population, including the spreading of HIV/AIDS. In the past three decades, reproductive health services in Thailand have been established and strengthened. Since 1995, reproductive health has become a priority of the Ministry of Public Health. Health system reform in 2000 led to strategies and actions of health performance improvement. Ongoing multisectoral programmes include: (1) political and social involvement; (2) training for professionals; (3) multidimensional services; and (4) research.

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34

Maek-a-Nantawat, Wirach, Anchalee Avihingsanon, and Pirapon June Ohata. "Challenges in Providing Treatment and Care for Viral Hepatitis among Individuals Co-Infected with HIV in Resource-Limited Settings." AIDS Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/948059.

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Hepatitis B and C infections are prevalent among HIV-infected individuals with different epidemiologic profiles, modes of transmission, natural histories, and treatments. Southeast Asian countries are classified as “highly prevalent zones,” with a rate of hepatitis B and C coinfection in people living with HIV/AIDS of approximately 3.2–11%. Majority of hepatitis B coinfection is of genotype C. Most of the patients infected with hepatitis C in Thailand have genotype 3 which is significantly related to intravenous drug use whereas, in Vietnam, it is genotype 6. The options for antiretroviral drugs are limited and rely on global funds and research facilities. Only HBV treatment is available for free through the national health scheme. Screening tests for HBV and HCV prior to commencing antiretroviral treatment are low. Insufficient concern on hepatitis-virus-related liver malignancy and long-term hepatic morbidities is noted. Cost-effective HCV treatment can be incorporated into the national health program for those who need it by utilizing data obtained from clinical research studies. For example, patients infected with HCV genotype 2/3 with a certain IL-28B polymorphism can be treated with a shorter course of interferon and ribavirin which can also help reduce costs.

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LELIÈVRE, ÉVA, and SOPHIE LE CŒUR. "Intergenerational relationships within families of HIV-infected adults under antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand." Ageing and Society 32, no. 4 (May 24, 2011): 561–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000389.

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ABSTRACTThailand has been severely affected by AIDS/HIV. The epidemic has undermined the health of the population of working age, placing stress on intergenerational relations and threatening the social fabric. Older people in families affected by the disease, although not the main victims, have experienced major changes in relationships with their adult children and grandchildren. However, the availability of antiretrovirals has transformed HIV infection from a lethal to a chronic disease. Intergenerational relationships are analysed with data from a quantitative survey of HIV-infected adults currently receiving antiretroviral treatment in Northern Thailand. The introduction of antiretroviral treatment has eased the pressure on families. Where HIV-infected adults are more dependent on their older parents, it is because they are single and childless or single parents. While ageing parents remain a source of support for their adult children, the introduction of antiretroviral treatment has radically changed the prospects for HIV-infected adults and their regained health allows them to work, take care of their family and fulfil their filial duties as expected in Thai society. If Thailand's original aim in introducing health policies in this area was to curtail the HIV epidemic, its positive impact on intergenerational relations is an additional benefit.

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Layton, M. R., K. Pachanee, and P. Prakongsai. "PIN105 Financial Support for HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care and Treatment in Thailand." Value in Health 14, no. 7 (November 2011): A284—A285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2011.08.291.

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Luksamijarulkul, Pipat, Porntip Khemnak, and Oranut Pacheun. "Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infections among Patients Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics, Regional 2, Thai land." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 12, no. 1 (January 2000): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950001200109.

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A cross-sectional study of 400 patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics at The Venereal Diseases and AIDS Centers, Regional 2, Thailand, was conducted from January to December 1996 in order to investigate the antibody prevalence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) and to describe some epidemiological characteristics among HIV and HCV co-infected individuals. The studied patients were interviewed and their blood specimens were collected for determining anti-HIV and anti-HCV antibodies. The results revealed that the prevalence of anti-HIV among studied patients was 25%, while 7.5% were positive for anti-HCV The positivity of both antibodies present in the same individuals was 3.3% (13/400 cases). The highest prevalences of anti-HIV, anti-HCV and both antibodies were found in studied patients aged 20 years or less. Patients with primary education, or lower, had relatively higher prevalence of anti-HIV and/ or anti-HCV than those with higher level education. A relatively higher prevalence was found among commercial sex workers and labourers. Among 13 HIV and HCV co-infected individuals, there were four cases who had histories of sexual contact without condom use, but no history of parenteral contact. The rest (9/13) had histories of both parenteral contact and sexual contact without condom use. Asia Pac J Public Health 2000;12(1):41-45

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Vanlandingham, Mark J., Wassana Im-Em, and Chanpen Saengtienchai. "Community Reaction to Persons with HIV/AIDS and Their Parents: An Analysis of Recent Evidence from Thailand." Journal of Health and Social Behavior 46, no. 4 (December 2005): 392–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002214650504600406.

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We systematically examine community reaction to persons living with HIV/AIDS (PHAs) and their older parents in Thailand. We focus on parents as well as PHAs because parents are major providers of care for their ill adult children. Our analyses are based on several sources of recently collected survey and qualitative data from a wide range of perspectives. We find important variations in community reaction to PHAs and their families, but overall these reactions are much more positive than is widely assumed. We conclude that much existing research on community reaction to AIDS neglects both a rich body of social theory on stigma and a strong tradition of population-based empirical research in sociology. Much existing research also fails to adequately distinguish between key aspects of the social settings where most AIDS cases occur and the social settings where most of the stereotypes surrounding AIDS-related stigma have originated. A closer marriage between empirical and theoretical approaches to social stigma is required to advance our understanding of this critically important dimension of the AIDS epidemic.

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Sadiman, Dr Arief S. "PEMANFAATAN ICT UNTUK PENDIDIKAN PENCEGAHAN HIV/AIDS DI DAERAH PERBATASAN GREATER MEKONG SUBREGION." Jurnal Teknodik 12, no. 1 (August 30, 2018): 005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32550/teknodik.v12i1.415.

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Dari sekitar 40 juta pengidap HIV/AIDS di dunia pada akhir tahun 2003, lebih dari 7 juta orang berada di kawasan Asia dan Pasifik. Hampir 2 juta di antaranya ada di negara-negara Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS): Kamboja, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, dan propinsi YunnanCina. Angka ini meningkat dengan dibukanya daerah perbatasan untuk pariwisata dan perdagangan yang berdampak pada peningkatan arus penduduk melintas batas dan menyebarnya HIV/AIDS. Mayoritas penduduk perbatasan ini terutama wanitanya rentan akan infeksi dan tertular penyakit ini karena kurangnya akses ke layanan pendidikan dan kesehatan, kemiskinan, kurangnya informasi yang cocok secara budaya dalam bahasa daerah mereka, terisolirnya secara sosial dan kultural dari kelompok masyarakat lainnya, penggunaan obatobatan dan minuman keras, perdagangan manusia dan keterlibatan dalam perdagangan seks. Dalam kaitan ini, Organisasi Menteri-Menteri Pendidikan Asia Tenggara (SEAMEO), UNESCO, Departemen Pendidikan dan Departemen Kesehatan enam negara GMS telah merancang dan melaksanakan program pemanfaatan ICT untuk pendidikan pencegahan HIV/AIDS. Tulisan ini mengulas program SEAMEO di 36 SMP di kesembilan daerah perbatasan keenam negara GMS dan berbagi pengalaman serta pelajaran yang dapat dipetik dari program kerjasama regional tersebut.

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Leelukkanaveer, Yuwadee, Pornchai Sithisarankul, and Narin Hirunsutthikul. "Provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing of out patients at community hospitals in Thailand: an economic evaluation using the Markov model." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 3 (June 1, 2010): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0060.

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Abstract Background: Provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing (PIHIVCT) is an important intervention that improves the access to care to HIV-infected patients and subsequently contributes to the success of national HIV/AIDS control efforts. However, in Thailand, the cost-effectiveness of this program is unknown. Objective: Determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) in terms of Thai Baht per Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) of PIHIVCT for outpatient department (OPD) patients in community hospitals of Thailand compared with the current practice. Methods: A model-based health economic evaluation study was conducted based on results from cluster randomized controlled trials in 16 community hospitals of Thailand. The Markov model and the probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used. One-thousand two-hundred seventy-seven HIV-infected patients completed questionnaires on their household expenditure and quality of life using the visual analog scale. Results: In social perspectives, the PIHIVCT program increased a patient’s life span by 5.18 days or 4.15 qualityadjusted days per OPD case and the ICER was 63,588 Baht per QALY gained. The subgroup analysis showed that the PIHIVCT program would be cost-effective for cases younger than 50 years if the ceiling threshold of willing to pay equaled the per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, this intervention would be cost-effective for all cases of 13-64 year old if the ceiling threshold equaled three times of GDP. Conclusion: The provider-initiated HIV counseling and testing program for OPD patients is more cost-effective than the current practice and should be implemented in health care setting in Thailand.

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Jani, Chinmay, Omar Al Omari, Harpreet Singh, Alexander Walker, Kripa Patel, Christian Mouchati, Amr Radwan, et al. "Trends of HIV-Related Cancer Mortality between 2001 and 2018: An Observational Analysis." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed6040213.

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The burden of AIDS-defining cancers has remained relatively steady for the past two decades, whilst the burden of non-AIDS-defining cancer has increased. Here, we conduct a study to describe mortality trends attributed to HIV-associated cancers in 31 countries. We extracted HIV-related cancer mortality data from 2001 to 2018 from the World Health Organization Mortality Database. We computed age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) per 100,000 population using the World Standard Population. Data were visualized using Locally Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing (LOWESS). Data for females were available for 25 countries. Overall, there has been a decrease in mortality attributed to HIV-associated cancers among most of the countries. In total, 18 out of 31 countries (58.0%) and 14 out of 25 countries (56.0%) showed decreases in male and female mortality, respectively. An increasing mortality trend was observed in many developing countries, such as Malaysia and Thailand, and some developed countries, such as the United Kingdom. Malaysia had the greatest increase in male mortality (+495.0%), and Canada had the greatest decrease (−88.5%). Thailand had the greatest increase in female mortality (+540.0%), and Germany had the greatest decrease (−86.0%). At the endpoint year, South Africa had the highest ASDRs for both males (16.8/100,000) and females (19.2/100,000). The lowest was in Japan for males (0.07/100,000) and Egypt for females (0.028/100,000).

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Ichikawa, Masao, and Chawalit Natpratan. "Quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in northern Thailand: MOS-HIV Health Survey." Quality of Life Research 13, no. 3 (April 2004): 601–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:qure.0000021319.73865.5a.

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Risal, Abd, Andi Masyitha Irwan, and Elly Lilianty Sjattar. "STIGMA TOWARDS PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS AMONG COUNSELING OFFICERS IN SOUTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA." Belitung Nursing Journal 4, no. 6 (November 7, 2018): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.543.

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Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) / Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been a global problem nowadays. To reduce its spread, Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) and Provider-Initiated Testing and Counseling (PITC) have been provided. However, these interventions remain ineffective to discover new cases, as the stigma among health officers may exist.Objective: To compare the stigma towards people living with HIV/AIDS between VCT and PITC officers.Methods: This was a descriptive comparative conducted in Makassar City, Parepare City and Sidenreng Rappang Regency, South Sulawesi Province Indonesia. There were 139 samples were selected using convenience sampling technique, which consisted of 66 VCT counseling officers and 73 PITC officers. The questionnaire from Health Policy Project in Thailand was used to measure the HIV/AIDS related-stigma. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and Mann Whitney test. Results: Findings show that there was a statistically significant difference in stigma between the group of VCT and PITC on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), which the mean of stigma in the PITC group (73.07) was higher than the mean value in the VCT group (66.61). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in stigma between VCT and PITC officers towards PLWHA. It is suggested that PITC curriculum should be evaluated and supervision and monitoring in both VCT and PITC groups should be implemented regularly to reduce the stigma towards PLWHA.

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Chanto, Sukonthip, and Sasisopin Kiertiburanakul. "Causes of Hospitalization and Death among Newly Diagnosed HIV-Infected Adults in Thailand." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 19 (January 1, 2020): 232595822091926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958220919266.

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More than half of newly diagnosed HIV-infected patients enter to care with a low CD4 count. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among newly diagnosed HIV-infected adults who were hospitalized. Of 148 patients, median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 39.3 (30.5-47.1) years and 114 (77%) patients were male. Baseline median (IQR) CD4 count was 79 (24-218) cells/mm3. The median (IQR) length of hospital stay was 8 (4-16) days. Half of the patients were hospitalized with AIDS-defining illness (ADI). Common opportunistic infections were Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (20.3%) and tuberculosis (18.9%). CD4 count was statistically significantly associated with hospitalization with ADI (odds ratio: 0.85, per 10 cells/mm3 increased; 95% confidence interval: 0.80-0.90). The mortality was 5.4%. In conclusion, half of newly diagnosed Thai HIV-infected patients were hospitalized with ADI. Early detection of HIV infection leading to early antiretroviral therapy initiation and prevention of serious complications is essential.

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Nakaranurack, Chotirat, and Weerawat Manosuthi. "Prevalence of Non-AIDS Comorbidities and Factors Associated with Metabolic Complications among HIV-Infected Patients at a Thai Referral Hospital." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 17 (January 1, 2018): 232595741775225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325957417752256.

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Objectives: The prevalence of non-AIDS-related comorbidities is increasing in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. In Thailand, data regarding the prevalence of non-AIDS comorbidities and factors associated with metabolic complications in HIV-infected patients have not been well-documented. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011 and included 874 HIV-infected patients. Results: The age of patients was 45(8) years represented as mean (standard deviation [SD]). The current CD4 count was 502(247) cells/mm3. In all, 388 (44%) of the included patients had at least 1non-AIDS comorbidity. The most frequently documented comorbidities were hyperlipidemia in 271 (70%) patients. Using multivariate analysis, older age(odds ratio [OR] = 1.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51-2.19), male sex (OR = 1.55, 95%CI = 1.14-2.11), high current CD4 count(OR = 1.00, 95%CI = 1.00-1.00), and taking abacavir (ABC)-containing(OR = 2.59, 95%CI = 1.16-5.78)and didanosine (ddI)-containing antiretroviral regimens (OR = 4.16, 95%CI = 1.09-15.84)were associated with the presence of metabolic complications (all Ps<.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of comorbidities is substantially high. Clinical monitoring and effective management of these comorbidities and metabolic complications are recommended, especially in HIV-infected patients who present with these associated factors.

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KLUNKLIN, AREEWAN, and JENNIFER GREENWOOD. "Buddhism, The Status of Women and The Spread of HIV/AIDS in Thailand." Health Care for Women International 26, no. 1 (January 2005): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07399330590885777.

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Kitajima, Tsutomu, Yasuki Kobayashi, Weerasak Chaipah, Hajime Sato, Witaya Chadbunchachai, and Ruengsin Thuennadee. "Costs of medical services for patients with HIV/AIDS in Khon Kaen, Thailand." AIDS 17, no. 16 (November 2003): 2375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200311070-00013.

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Svenkerud, Peer J., Arvind Singhal, and Michael J. Papa. "Diffusion of innovations theory and effective targeting of HIV/AIDS programmes in Thailand." Asian Journal of Communication 8, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01292989809364751.

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Chitwarakorn, Anupong. "HIV/AIDS and Sexually-transmitted Infections in Thailand: Lessons Learned and Challenges Ahead." Journal of Health Management 5, no. 2 (October 2003): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097206340300500203.

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Norsworthy, Kathryn L., and Ouyporn Khuankaew. "A New View from Women of Thailand about Gender, Sexuality, and HIV/AIDS." Feminism & Psychology 18, no. 4 (November 2008): 527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353508095534.

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