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Academic literature on the topic 'HIV'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 September 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "HIV"

Troisi, CL, FB Hollinger, WK Hoots, C. Contant, J. Gill, M. Ragni, R. Parmley, C. Sexauer, E. Gomperts, and G. Buchanan. "A multicenter study of viral hepatitis in a United States hemophilic population." Blood 81, no. 2 (January 15, 1993): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v81.2.412.412.

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Abstract Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.

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Hemophilia A and B patients seen at nine US regional treatment centers were tested for serologic markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) during 1987 and 1988. Because human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, a potentially confounding variable, was present in 53% of the group, the population was divided by HIV status for analysis purposes. In the HIV-positive group (N = 382), less than 1% had not been infected with HBV, HCV, or HDV, whereas 75% had evidence of infection with HBV and 98% with HCV. HBsAg, a marker of active HBV infection, was present in 12% of subjects; 96% of these were HCV positive. Anti-HDV was detected in 35 subjects (9.1%); all were anti-HBc positive. Ten of the 35 (29%) also were positive for IgM anti-HDV, indicating current infection. All 10 were HBsAg positive and 7 of the 9 tested were HDV RNA positive. Severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to have experienced an HBV infection and to be anti-HDV positive than were similar hemophilia A patients (22% v 8%, P < .05). In the HIV-negative group (N = 345), the subjects were younger and had less severe hemophilia than the HIV-positive patients. No evidence of HBV, HCV, or HDV infection was found in 18%, whereas 33% had experienced HBV infection and 79% were anti-HCV positive. Within this group, 4% were HBsAg positive. All 13 subjects with anti-HDV (4% of the HIV-negative group) also possessed anti-HBc. One (7.7%) was IgM anti-HDV positive and the serum from another contained HDV RNA. Both of these individuals were HBsAg positive. As in the HIV-positive group, severe/moderate hemophilia B patients were more likely to be HBV and HDV positive than were hemophilia A patients (9% v 3%, P < .05). A prevalence study of viral hepatitis in a large US hemophilic population showed that active infection with HCV is common, occurring in 89% of all study patients regardless of HIV status. Evidence of active HBV infection was found in 8%; 19% of these were actively infected with HDV. HDV was more common in hemophilia B patients after controlling for disease severity.

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Tserashkou, D. V., V. M. Mitsura, E. V. Voropaev, and O. V. Osipkina. "VIRAL COINFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: THEIR PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE." Hepatology and Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (2020): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-171-176.

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Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health problem. Objective – to analyze the prevalence of viral coinfections with human immunodefciency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), TT-viruses and SENV in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to assess their inﬂuence on liver disease severity. Material and methods. The observational cross-sectional study included 287 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) – those with monoinfection and coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV. Routine hematological and biochemical tests were performed, serum HBV DNA level as well as liver fbrosis stage were measured. Blood samples from 62 patients for Torque teno virus (TTV), Torque teno mini virus, Torque teno midi virus, SENV (D and H genotypes) DNAs were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. Among patients with CHB the prevalence of coinfection HBV + HIV is 6.6%, HBV + HCV – 6.3%, HBV + HDV – 3.8% and HBV + HDV + HCV – 1.7%. CHB patients coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV had more pronounced biochemical differences and higher proportion of liver cirrhosis vs. HBV-monoinfected ones. The detection rate of TT viruses and their various combinations in patients with CHB is 91.9%, SENV – 66.1%. Conclusion. Coinfection with HIV, HCV, HDV in CHB patients is associated with more severe forms of chronic liver disease as compared to HBV-monoinfection. TT viruses and SENV are widespread and don’t affect the severity of liver disease in patients with CHB.

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Prasetyo, Afiono Agung, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yulia Sari, Hudiyono Hudiyono, and Seiji Kageyama. "Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 06 (June 15, 2013): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2965.

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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the current molecular prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) circulating among drug abuser inmates incarcerated in prisons located in Central Java, Indonesia. Methodology: Socio-epidemiological data and blood specimens were collected from 375 drug abuser inmates in four prisons. The blood samples were analyzed with serological and molecular testing for HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates was 4.8% (18/375), 3.2% (12/375), 34.1% (128/375), 0% (0/375), and 3.7% (14/375), respectively. No co-infections of HIV and HBV were found. Co-infections of HIV/HCV, HIV/HTLV-1/2, HBV/HCV, HBV/HTLV-1/2, and HCV/HTLV-1/2 were prevalent at rates of 4% (15/375), 1.3% (5/375), 1.1% (4/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 2.1% (8/375), respectively. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate was significantly higher in injection drug users (IDUs) compared to non-IDUs. Triple co-infection of HIV/HCV/HTLV-1/2 was found only in three IDUs (0.8%). HIV CRF01_AE was found to be circulating in the inmates. HBV genotype B3 predominated, followed by C1. Subtypes adw and adr were found. HCV genotype 1a predominated among HCV-infected inmates, followed by 1c, 3k, 3a, 4a, and 1b. All HTLV-1 isolates shared 100% homology with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan, while all of the HTLV-2 isolates were subtype 2a. Conclusion: Drug abuser inmates in prisons may offer a unique community to bridge prevention and control of human blood-borne virus infection to the general community.

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Dickson-Spillmann, Maria, Severin Haug, Ambros Uchtenhagen, Philip Bruggmann, and Michael P. Schaub. "Rates of HIV and Hepatitis Infections in Clients Entering Heroin-Assisted Treatment between 2003 and 2013 and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection." European Addiction Research 22, no. 4 (December 11, 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441973.

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Background/Aims: We report on the rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in Switzerland from 2003 to 2013. We identify predictors of HCV infection. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires within 2 weeks of clients' first entry into HAT. Prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV was calculated using laboratory test results collected at entry or using reports of older test results. Predictors of HCV status were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Results show stable rates of HIV-positive clients and decreasing proportions of HAV- and HBV-infected clients. In 2013, there were 12% (n = 8) HIV-, 20% (n = 12) HAV-, 20% (n = 12) HBV- and 52% HCV- (n = 34) positive clients. Vaccination against HAV and HBV had become more frequent. Predictors of positive HCV status included older age, female gender, earlier year of entry, having spent 1 month or more in detention or prison, use of injected heroin and more years of intravenous use. Conclusion: Our results highlight the fact that efforts to prevent and test for infections and to promote vaccination against HAV and HBV in heroin users need to be continued.

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Kartashov, Mikhail Yu, Kirill A. Svirin, Ekaterina I. Krivosheina, Elena V. Chub, Vladimir A. Ternovoi, and Galina V. Kochneva. "Prevalence and molecular genetic characteristics of parenteral hepatitis B, C and D viruses in HIV positive persons in the Novosibirsk region." Problems of Virology 67, no. 5 (November 19, 2022): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-133.

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Introduction. Parenteral viral hepatitis (B, C, D) and HIV share modes of transmission and risk groups, in which the probability of infection with two or more of these viruses simultaneously is increased. Mutual worsening of the course of viral infections is important issue that occurs when HIV positive patients are coinfected with parenteral viral hepatitis. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of HCV, HBV and HDV in HIV positive patients in the Novosibirsk region and to give molecular genetic characteristics of their isolates. Materials and methods. Total 185 blood samples were tested for the presence of total antibodies to HCV, HCV RNA, HBV DNA and HDV RNA. The identified isolates were genotyped by amplification of the NS5B gene fragment for HCV, the polymerase gene for HBV and whole genome for HDV. Results. The total antibodies to HCV were detected in 51.9% (95% CI: 44.758.9), HCV RNA was detected in 32.9% (95% CI: 26.639.5) of 185 studied samples. The distribution of HCV RNA positive cases completely repeated the distribution of HCV serological markers in different sex and age groups. The number of HCV infected among HIV positive patients increases with age. HCV subgenotypes distribution was as follows: 1b (52.5%), 3а (34.5%), 1а (11.5%), 2а (1.5%). 84.3% of detected HCV 1b isolates had C316N mutation associated with resistance to sofosbuvir and dasabuvir. The prevalence of HBV DNA in the studied samples was 15.2% (95% CI: 10.721.0). M204I mutation associated with resistance to lamivudine and telbivudine was identified in one HBV isolate. Two HDV isolates that belonged to genotype 1 were detected in HIV/HBV coinfected patients. Conclusion. The data obtained confirm the higher prevalence of infection with parenteral viral hepatitis among people living with HIV in the Novosibirsk region compared to the general population of that region. The genetic diversity of these viruses among HIV infected individuals is similar to that observed in the general population.

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Basimane-Bisimwa, Parvine, Giscard Wilfried Koyaweda, Edgarthe Ngaïganam, Ulrich Vickos, Ornella Anne Demi Sibiro, Brice Martial Yambiyo, Benjamin Seydou Sombié, et al. "Seroprevalence and molecular characterization of viral hepatitis and HIV co-infection in the Central African Republic." PLOS ONE 19, no. 5 (May 9, 2024): e0291155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291155.

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Background The Central African Republic (CAR) is one of the countries with the highest prevalence of viral hepatitis infection in the world. Coinfection with HIV increases the morbidity and mortality beyond that of mono-infection with either hepatitis or HIV. The present study describes the geographic distribution of viral hepatitis infections and molecular characterization of these viruses in the CAR. Methodology Out of 12,599 persons enrolled during the fourth Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey of 2010 in the CAR, 10,621 Dried Blood Spot (DBS) samples were obtained and stored at -20°C. Of these DBS, 4,317 samples were randomly selected to represent all regions of the CAR. Serological tests for hepatitis B, D, and C viruses were performed using the ELISA technique. Molecular characterization was performed to identify strains. Results Of the 4,317 samples included, 53.2% were from men and 46.8% from women. The HBsAg prevalence among participants was 12.9% and that HBc-Ab was 19.7%. The overall prevalence of HCV was 0.6%. Co-infection of HIV/HBV was 1.1% and that of HBV/HDV was 16.6%. A total of 77 HBV, 6 HIV, and 6 HDV strains were successfully sequenced, with 72 HBV (93.5%) strains belonging to genotype E and 5 (6.5%) strains belonging to genotype D. The 6 HDV strains all belonged to clade 1, while 4 recombinants subtype were identified among the 6 strains of HIV. Conclusion Our study found a high prevalence of HBV, HBV/HDV and HBV/HIV co-infection, but a low prevalence of HCV. CAR remains an area of high HBV endemicity. This study’s data and analyses would be useful for establishing an integrated viral hepatitis and HIV surveillance program in the CAR.

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Ziaee, Masood, Roghiya Azizee, and Mohammad Hasan Namaei. "Prevalence of HCV Infection in Hemodialysis Patients of South Khorasan in Comparison With HBV, HDV, HTLV I/II, And HIV Infection." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2013): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.13903.

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Background and objective: This study was performed to evaluate the prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as HBV, HDV, HTLV I/II, and HIV infection in hemodialysis patients in our district. Methods: The subjects of this study involved 41 hemodialysis patients admitted to hemodialysis ward, Vali- Asr hospital. HBV, HDV, HIV, and HTLV1/2 infections were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Serum anti- HCV anti-body was measured using the 3rd generation of ELISA kit. HCV Viremia was evaluated in all patients using RT-PCR technique. Results: HCV infection was not observed in none of patients by ELISA technique; however RT-PCR technique demonstrated HCV viremia in one (2.43%) patient. HBsAg was detected in 4(9.75%) patients, and one (2.43%) was Anti HTLV 1/2 positive; none of patients were HDV or HIV positive. Conclusion: HCV infection is less common than HBV infection in our patients. ELISA technique can not demonstrate all hemodialysis patients with HCV infection, For this reason it is requirement to evaluate this group of patients for HCV infection using RT-PC technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.13903 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 36-39

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Sarmento, Vânia Pinto, Alex Junior Souza de Souza, Marcella Katheryne Marques Bernal, André Antônio Correa das Chagas, Andreza Pinheiro Malheiros, Dickson Ciro Nascimento de Brito, Sandra Souza Lima, and Heloisa Marceliano Nunes. "Hepatites B e C entre portadores de HIV na Amazônia oriental brasileira, 2015-2016: prevalência, epidemiologia e características moleculares do HBV e HCV." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 3 (March 27, 2024): e5026. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.3-309.

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As infecções pelos vírus da hepatite B (HBV) e C (HCV) podem apresentar curso crônico, com evoluçãopara em fibrose, cirrose e câncer de fígado. Entre indivíduos portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana ( HIV/AIDS), a alta prevalência de co-infecção por esses vírus hepatotrópicos representa um importante problema de saúde pública.. O estudo retrospectivo, de corte transversal, objetivou investigar prevalência, características epidemiológicas e genótipos dos vírus das hepatites B e C entre portadores de HIV/AIDS na Amazônia, durante os anos 2015 e 2016. Foram incluídos 404 (n = 404) indivíduos portadores de HIV/AIDS, atendidos em uma unidade de referência situada na cidade de Belém, Pará. Alíquotas de sangue, soro e plasma foram coletados. A contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ foi realizada por citometria de fluxo. A determinação da carga viral do HIV foi realizada por PCR quantitativo. Foram realizados testes sorológicos e moleculares para marcadores de infecção por HBV eHCV. Indivíduos que tinham HBsAg+ também foram testados para anti-HDV total. A presença de pelo menos um marcador de infecção por HBV foi detectado em 24,2% (98/404) dos participantes, oito (1,9%) foram também positivo para HBsAg+. Oitenta e oito participantes (21,8%) tinham anti-HBs+ isolado, indicando um perfil vacinal. Nenhum dos indivíduos com marcadores sorológicos apresentou contato com o HBV apresentavam anticorpos anti-HDV. Os valores de carga viral e HBV genótipos em relação à contagem de LT-CD4+ e carga viral do HIV foram detectados em oito indivíduos (1,9%) que apresentaram HBsAg+. A prevalência de anticorpos anti-HCV entre os participantes do estudo foi de 0,74% (3/404), sendo o HCV-RNA detectado por RT-qPCR em todas as amostras sorologicamente positivas. Dois participantes (0,5%) apresentaram resultados sorológicos inconclusivos para anti-HCV, entretanto nestes dois indivíduos o HCV-RNA não foi detectado. Entre as três amostras positivas pro HCV-RNA, duas pertenciam ao genótipo 1A e uma ao genótipo 3. Conclui-se que há uma ocorrência de coinfecção, tanto HBV/HIV quanto HCV/HIV, com prevalência inferior à encontrada no cenário nacional na Amazônia.

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Crobu, Maria Grazia, Paolo Ravanini, Clotilde Impaloni, Claudia Martello, Olivia Bargiacchi, Christian Di Domenico, Giulia Faolotto, et al. "Hepatitis C Virus as a Possible Helper Virus in Human Hepatitis Delta Virus Infection." Viruses 16, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v16060992.

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Previous studies reported that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) could help disseminate the hepatitis D virus (HDV) in vivo through the unrelated hepatitis B virus (HBV), but with essentially inconclusive results. To try to shed light on this still-debated topic, 146 anti-HCV-positive subjects (of whom 91 HCV/HIV co-infected, and 43 with prior HCV eradication) were screened for anti-HDV antibodies (anti-HD), after careful selection for negativity to any serologic or virologic marker of current or past HBV infection. One single HCV/HIV co-infected patient (0.7%) tested highly positive for anti-HD, but with no positive HDV-RNA. Her husband, in turn, was a HCV/HIV co-infected subject with a previous contact with HBV. While conducting a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors attempted to exhaustively describe the medical history of both the anti-HD-positive patient and her partner, believing it to be the key to dissecting the possible complex mechanisms of HDV transmission from one subject to another, and speculating that in the present case, it may have been HCV itself that behaved as an HDV helper virus. In conclusion, this preliminary research, while needing further validation in large prospective studies, provided some further evidence of a role of HCV in HDV dissemination in humans.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "HIV"

Soares, Sampaio Aletheia. "Marcadores sorológicos para os vírus da hepatite B e C em pacientes HIV-positivos atendidos no Hospital Universitário Oswaldo Cruz." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7445.

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A ocorrência de co-infecção pelo HIV e hepatites B e C tem sido relatada desde a era- HAART (do inglês Highly Active Antinetrovial Therapy), quando a mortalidade nas pessoas infectadas pelo HIV começou diminuir. Como conseqüência do fato de terem as mesmas rotas de transmissão, a co-infecção do HBV ou HCV em pessoas infectadas pelo HIV tem aumentado e tornou-se um problema de saúde pública. No Brasil, a prevalência média da coinfecção HIV e hepatites, encontrada pelo Ministério da Saúde é em torno de 40%, com a maioria em grupos de usuários de drogas. Freqüências variáveis de co-infecção têm sido relatadas, dependendo da população e da região estudada. O objetivo principal deste estudo foi identificar a freqüência de marcadores sorológicos para hepatite B e C em pacientes infectados pelo HIV, acompanhados em um hospital escola e os possíveis fatores associados à presença de tais marcadores. Quatrocentos e vinte e nove pacientes foram estudados, de ambos os sexos e com idade variando entre 18 a 77 anos. Os participantes respondiam um questionário específico, com características sócio-demográficas e tinham uma amostra de sangue testada para os marcadores HBsAg, Anti-HBc total e Anti-HCV, utilizando a técnica MEIA-Axym-Abbott. A freqüência encontrada de marcadores foi 10,3% para o HBsAg, 38,7% para o Anti-HBc total e 10,7% para o Anti-HCV. Dentre os pacientes, 1,4% possuíam tanto HBsAg quanto Anti-HCV positivos. Não houve associação significante estatisticamente entre as variáveis parceiro homossexual, uso de drogas endovenosas, ingesta de álcool, tatuagem ou piercing, cirurgia, procedimentos invasivos e hemotransfusão e a infecção pelo HBV, expressa pela positividade do HBsAg. A única variável que mostrou associação com infecção pelo HBV foi uso de drogas inalatórias. Nenhuma destas variáveis, incluindo, parceiro homossexual, uso de drogas endovenosas, uso de drogas inalatórias, ingesta de álcool, tatuagem ou piercing, cirurgia, procedimentos invasivos e hemotransfusão tiveram associação significativa estatisticamente com a presença do Anti-HCV. Este estudo encontrou freqüências comparáveis com outros relatados no Brasil, mas com freqüências de coinfeccção menores que aqueles das regiões Sul e Sudeste. Entretanto, nenhuma associação específica com comportamentos de risco foi encontrada neste estudo, mostrando importante diferença quando comparado com estudos realizados em outras regiões do Brasil

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RUSSO, DARIO. "Diagnosi parallela automatizzata di infezioni virali trasmissibili per via ematica (HIV, HCV, HBV)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/33618.

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Automated parallel diagnosis of viral infections transmitted in haematic tract. The aim of this study was to develop a complete system for the identification and quantification of HBV, HCV, HIV using molecular biological techniques by means of Real Time PCR. The first step was to develop a positive control, valid for all considered viruses, absolutely free from risk of infection due to the fact that they are synthetic clones. The second step of this study was to develop a complete kit in basic PCR with detection by gel electrophoresis, to identify specific sequences of viral genomes. This test uses a solid thermopolimers mix which allows retrotranscription and amplification to be performed separately in a single vial. The third step was to develop a complete kit in real time PCR to quantify the viral concentrations using, in a first phase, a simple liquid mix and, in a second phase, a solid thermopolimers mix. At the end of my ph.D study it was produced a complete system containing a positive control to check the system and to make a real time standard curve. The real innovation of this study was the development of a solid master mix that delivers a rapid but highly specific test for the 3 viruses simultaneous

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Souza, Iury Oliveira. "Validação de ensaio imunocromatográfico para a detecção múltipla de anticorpos específicos contra HIV, HBV e HCV." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11787.

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Cerca de 33,3 milhões de pessoas apresentam infecção pelo Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) no mundo; 180 milhões estão infectados pelo Hepatitis C Virus HCV e estima-se que 360 milhões apresentem infecção ativa pelo Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). Outra realidade mundial é a co-infecção entre esses vírus. Os dados mostram a importância global dessas viroses e a urgência do desenvolvimento de novos ensaios de diagnóstico sensíveis, específicos, rápidos e de baixo custo, que possam atender à demanda de entidades públicas inseridas em programas para prevenção e diagnostico dessas doenças. O presente trabalho consiste em validação relativa de um novo teste imunocromatográfico desenvolvido pela empresa canadense Medmira para detecção de anticorpos específicos contra HIV, HCV e HBV. Os resultados encontrados foram extremamente favoráveis para a detecção de anticorpos específicos para HIV, apresentando 98,6% de sensibilidade e 100% de especificidade. Para o anti-HBV a sensibilidade e especificidade encontradas foram de 90,0% e 98,6%, e de 86,3% e 100%, para anti-HCV, respectivamente. Nenhuma reatividade cruzada foi encontrada e a reprodutibilidade e repetitividade foram de 100%. O índice kappa e a acurácia global do teste foram de 0,91 (0,88-0,94) e 95,5% (93,5-97,5), respectivamente. Conclui-se que o ensaio imunocromatográfico é clinicamente útil em triagens rápidas para detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV, HCV e HBV.
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Duvall, Melody Gayle. "HIV-specific cellular immune responses in HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441307.

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Lindström, Anna. "Resistance to antiviral drugs in HIV and HBV /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-239-X/.

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Costa, Cintia Bezerra Almeida. "Polimorfismo do HLA-G na coinfecção HIV/HCV." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-21052014-181750/.

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O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi associar os polimorfismos do gene HLA-G (região 3\' NT) com a coinfecção HIV/HCV e com os grupos (HIV, HCV e controles saudáveis). Trata-se de um estudo transversal, comparativo, descritivo. Participaram do estudo, 560 indivíduos, sendo 156 controles saudáveis, 102 coinfetados HIV/HCV, 186 infectados pelo HIV e 116 por HCV. Para a identificação dos polimorfismos, o DNA genômico foi extraído do sangue total e a genotipagem feita por PCR e visualizada em gel de poliacrilamida a 7%, no qual o polimorfismo de 14pb foi identificado, e por sequenciamento os outros sete SNPs. Os resultados sociodemográficos apontam que a amostra na sua grande maioria foi composta por indivíduos adultos e do sexo masculino. No que diz respeito à cor da pele, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se um maior número de coinfectados apresentando a cor preta e parda do que nos monoinfectados (P=0,0001). Com relação à categoria de exposição para aquisição do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, observou-se diferença significante na transmissão por via heterossexual, sendo sua frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0000). No caso da comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, observou-se também diferença na transmissão heterossexual, sendo sua frequência significantemente maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). Quanto aos achados relacionados ao genótipo do HCV, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o genótipo 1a apresentou frequência maior nos coinfectados (P=0,0001). No que diz respeito à carga viral do HIV, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da monoinfecção apresentou maior carga viral do que o grupo da coinfecção (P=0,0350). Com relação ao grau de fibrose hepática, na comparação entre os grupos HCV e HIV/HCV, o grupo da coinfecção tem mais fibrose leve do que o grupo da monoinfecção (P=0,0009). Quanto aos polimorfismos genéticos da região 3\' NT do HLA-G, foi encontrado que o genótipo de heterozigose Del/Ins de 14 pb apresentou diferença significante nos indivíduos coinfectados pelo HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) quando comparados com o grupo controle. Em relação ao SNP +3003, a comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável mostrou que alelo +3003T apresentou uma frequência significantemente maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0147); o genótipo +3003C/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0095); o genótipo +3003T/T estava maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0095). A comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV mostrou que a frequência do alelo +3003C estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0463); e o genótipo +3003T/T apresentou uma frequência maior no grupo HCV (P=0,0494). A frequência do genótipo +3187A/A estava maior no grupo HIV/HCV em comparação ao HIV (P=0,0193); e do +3187A/G estava maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0187). O genótipo +3196C/G apresentou frequência significamente maior no grupo HIV do que no controle saudável (P=0,0213). A UTR-10, na comparação entre os grupos HIV e controle, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0044); quando comparados os grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, frequência foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0300) e na comparação entre os grupos HIV e HCV, sua frequência também foi maior no grupo HIV (P=0,0140). A UTR-4, na comparação dos grupos HCV e controle saudável, revelou uma frequência maior no grupo controle (P=0,0147). A UTR-9, na comparação dos grupos HIV/HCV e HIV, mostrou frequência maior no grupo HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Em relação aos dados clínicos, a presença do alelo T na posição +3035 foi significantemente associada à maior carga viral do HCV, acima de 400.000 cópias/mL (P=0,0244). Em relação aos tipos de genótipos do HCV, a presença do alelo +3027C foi associada ao subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0109). Adicionalmente, a presença do genótipo C/C na posição +3027 também foi significantemente associada com o subtipo 1a do HCV (P=0,0015). Ainda, o alelo A do SNP +3187 foi significantemente associado com os outros genótipos do HCV, excluindo o 1a (P=0,0369). Embora não esteja totalmente esclarecida a função do gene HLA-G, estudos têm sido desenvolvidos para melhor elucidar sua função nos contextos fisiológicos, como gestação, e patológicos, como tumores, transplantes, doenças inflamatórias e infecciosas. Tais estudos procuram ampliar o conhecimento sobre o sistema imunológico e contribuem para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias diagnósticas e terapêuticas. Os resultados do presente estudo contribuem para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre os polimorfismos da região 3\' NT do gene HLA-G, na coinfecção HIV/HCV. Como também, na melhoria da assistência de enfermagem que deve buscar reduzir a morbimortalidade pela referida patologia. Porém, ainda há um longo percurso a ser percorrido na compreensão dos fatores imunogenéticos envolvidos na coinfecção pelo HIV/HCV
The general objective of the research was to associate the polymorphism of the gene HLA-G (region 3\' NT) with the co-infection HIV/HCV and with the groups (HIV, HCV and healthy control). It is a cross-sectional, comparative, descriptive study. 560 individuals participated of the study, being 156 healthy control individuals, 102 co- infected HIV/HCV, 186 infected by HIV and 116 by HCV. For identifying the polymorphisms, the genomic DNA was extracted from the total blood and the genotyping was made by PCR and visualized in gel of polyacrylamide at 7%, in which the polymorphism of 14pb was identified, and by sequencing the other seven SNPs. The social demographic results point that the most of the sample was composed by male adult individuals. Regarding the color of the skin, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, a bigger number of co-infected with black skin and brown-skinned was observed than in the mono infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the category of exposition for acquisition of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, a significant difference was observed in the transmission through heterosexual exposition, being its frequency bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0000). In the case of the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the difference in the heterosexual transmission was also observed, being its frequency significantly higher in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0001). About the finding related to the genotype of the HCV, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the genotype 1a presented higher frequency in the co- infected (P=0,0001). Regarding to the viral load of the HIV, in the comparison between the groups HIV and HIV/HCV, the group of the mono infection presented bigger viral load that the group of the co-infection (P=0,0350). Regarding to the level of hepatic fibrosis, in the comparison between the groups HCV and HIV/HCV, the group of co-infection has a lighter fibrosis that the group of the mono infection (P=0,0009). Regarding to the genetic polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the HLA-G, it was found that the genotype of heterozygosis Del/Ins of 14 pb, presented significant difference in the individuals co-infected by the HIV/HCV (P=0,0216) when compared with the control group. About the SNP +3003, the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, it was showed that the allele +3003T presented a significant higher frequency in the group HCV (P=0,0147); the genotype +3003C/T presented a higher frequency in the control group (P=0,0095); the genotype +3003T/T was bigger in the group HCV (P=0,0095). The comparison between the groups HIV and HCV showed that the frequency of the allele +3003C was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0463); and the genotype +3003T/T presented a bigger frequency in the group (P=0,0494). The frequency of the genotype +3187A/A was bigger in the group HIV/HCV in comparison to the HIV (P=0,0193); and of the +3187A/G was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0187). The genotype +3196C/G presented frequency significantly bigger in the group HIV than in the healthy control (P=0,0213). The UTR-10, in comparison between the groups HIV and control, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV (P=0,0044); when compared the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, frequency was bigger in the group HIV (P=0,0300) and in the comparison between the groups HIV and HCV, its frequency was also bigger in the group (P=0,0140). The UTR-4, in the comparison of the groups HCV and healthy control, revealed a bigger frequency in the control group (P=0,0147). The UTR-9, in comparison of the groups HIV/HCV and HIV, showed bigger frequency in the group HIV/HCV (P=0,0460). Regarding to the clinical data, the presence of the allele T in the position +3035, was significantly associated to bigger viral load of the HCV, above 400.000 copies /mL (P=0,0244). About the types of genotypes of the HCV, the presence of the allele +3027C was associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0109). Additionally, the presence of the genotype C/C in the position +3027 was also significantly associated with the subtype 1a of the HCV (P=0,0015). Still, the allele A of the SNP +3187 was significantly associated with the other genotypes of the HCV, excluding the 1a (P=0,0369). Although the function of the gene HLA-G, is not totally clarified, studies have been developed for better elucidate its function in the physiological contexts, like gestation, and pathological, such as tumours, transplants, infectious and inflammatory diseases. These studies aim to extend the knowledge about the immunological system and contribute for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. The results of this study contribute for enhancement of the knowledge about the polymorphisms of the region 3\' NT of the gene HLA-G, in the co-infection HIV/HCV. As well as, in the improvement of the assistance of nursing that must seek reducing the morbid mortality by the pathology referred. However, there is still a long path to be followed in the comprehension of the immunogenic factors involved in the co-infection by the HIV/HCV

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Uccellini, L. "HOST GENETIC INFLUENCE ON HIV AND HCV INFECTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215587.

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In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is an important predictor of treatment response. To explore the relationship of HCV RNA with viral and demographic factors, as well as IL28B genotype, we examined viral levels in an ethnically diverse group of injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1998 and 2000, the Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited IDUs from street settings in San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods. Participants who were positive by HCV EIA were tested for HCV viremia by a bDNA assay. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the HCV NS5B region. For a subset of participants, IL28B rs12979860 genotype was determined by Taqman. Among 1701 participants with HCV viremia, median age was 46 years and median duration of injection drug use was 26 years; 56.0% were African American and 34.0% were of European ancestry (non-Hispanic). HIV-1 prevalence was 13.9%. The overall median HCV RNA level was 6.45 log10 copies/ml. In unadjusted analyses, higher levels were found with older age, male gender, African American ancestry, HBV infection, HIV-1 infection and IL28B rs12979860-CC genotype; compared to participants infected with HCV genotype 1, HCV RNA was lower in participants with genotype 3 or genotype 4. In an adjusted analysis, age, gender, racial ancestry, HIV-1 infection, HCV genotype and IL28B rs12979860 genotype were all independently associated with HCV RNA. The level of HCV viremia is influenced by a large number of demographic, viral and human genetic factors. HIV The clinical course of HIV-1 infection is highly variable among individuals, at least in part as a result of genetic polymorphisms in the host. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a crucial role in the host’s innate immunity and may influence HIV-1 disease progression. The transcription factor IRF-5 is an important player in the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade. We investigated the impact of two SNPs in TLR9 gene, rs352139 and rs352140, and two SNPs in IRF5 gene, rs10954213 and rs11770589, on CD4 count, HIV viral load, and clinical progression in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. Two SNPs in TLR9 and IRF5 are in linkage disequilibrium and rs352140GA TLR9 was associated with the rapid progressors phenotype: for rs352140 GG+GA versus AA, P = 0.025, OR= 0.5479, confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.97. No other association was found between TLR9 and IRF5 SNPs and viral load, CD4 count or other clinical data. Rapid progression of HIV-1 infection was associated with TLR9 polymorphisms. Because of its potential implications for intervention strategies and vaccine developments, additional epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to confirm this association.

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Fontes, Adriele Souza. "Resposta específica aos antígenos da vacina anti-HPV em homens infectados pelo HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/99/99131/tde-03082015-103315/.

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Introdução: A infecção pelo Papiloma Virus Humano (HPV) vem sendo reportada como uma das doenças sexualmente transmissíveis com maior incidência na atualidade, porém a sua prevalência não é bem esclarecida em homens, principalmente devido a baixa presença de sintomas. Além disso, poucos estudos foram realizados nesta população até o momento para verificar a resposta imune pós-vacinação. As hipóteses testadas serão fundamentais para aprofundar o conhecimento da imunopatogênese, da resposta vacinal em pacientes infectados pelo HIV e colaborar no desenho e estratégias de vacinação anti-HPV na população infectada pelo HIV Objetivos: Analisar a resposta específica aos antígenos da vacina anti-HPV em homens infectados pelo HIV. Métodos: Um total de 24 pacientes infectados pelo HIV que preencheram os critérios de inclusão durante o período de coleta foram vacinados pela vacina anti-HPV bivalente em três doses nos períodos: zero, dois e seis meses. Os grupos foram divididos em: Grupo Controle (Cinco indivíduos sadios, com sorologia negativa para HIV); Grupo A (Nove pacientes com CD4 <500 celulas mm³); Grupo B (10 pacientes com CD4 >=500 celulas mm³). Foram realizados ELISA para a detecção de anticorpos Anti-HPV nos momentos pré e pós-vacinação nos grupos estudados; posteriormente realizamos nos mesmos o ensaio de cultura celular para detecção de citocinas (IFN?, IL17, TNF, IL6 e IL10) pela técnica de CBA . Resultados: Obtivemos soroconversão da primeira dose da vacina para o grupo A 55,6%, grupo B 30%, grupo controle 60%; na segunda dose obtivemos para o grupo A 88,8%, grupo B 80%, grupo controle 80%, e por final a terceira dose no grupo A 88,8%, grupo B 90%, grupo controle 100%. A citocina IL 6 (perfil TH2) demonstrou níveis mais elevados, comparados entre os grupos A, B e grupo controle (p<0.001). A partir da 3° dose da vacinação observamos baixos níveis de INF-? (perfil TH1) A e B (p<0.0006). O grupo controle apresentou produção de INF- ? quando comparado com grupos A e B (p<0.001). Conclusão: Os pacientes soropositivos e grupo controle foram respondedores a vacinação anti-HPV. Foi demonstrada uma elevada produção das citocinas entre os grupos sugerindo uma imunomodulação do grupo HIV+. Esse trabalho apresenta informações relevantes que estimulam a realização de novos estudos nessa população, avaliações de reações cruzada da vacina que pode resultar em proteção a outros tipos de HPV não presentes na vacina, além de analisar por mais tempo as titulações no soro desses pacientes. Os dados do nosso estudo podem corroborar para a vacinação nessa população, diminuindo assim o risco de uma infecção, mortalidade e morbidade das doenças causadas pelo HPV em homens.
Introduction: Infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been reported as one of the sexually transmitted diseases with a higher incidence nowadys, but its prevalence must be clarified in men, mainly due to low presence of symptoms. Moreover, few studies have been performed in this population until now to verify the immune response post-vaccination. The hypothesis here suggested will be the key for better understanding of the immunopathogenesis, the vaccine´s response in HIV-infected patients and collaborate in the design and strategies of vaccination against HPV in HIV-infected population. Objectives: Analyze the specific response to antigens of HPV vaccine in HIV-infected men. Methods: A total of 24 HIV-infected patients who were in accordance with the inclusion criteria during the data collection period were vaccinated with anti-HPV bivalent vaccine in three period doses: zero, two and six months. The groups were distributed in: Control group (five healthy subjects with negative serology against HIV); Group A (nine subjects with CD4 <500 cells/mm³; Group B (10 subjects with CD4 >500 cells/mm³). ELISA was performed to detect the level of antibodies anti-HPV before and after vaccination in the studied cohort. Postenarly, cells of these groups were submitted in culture to verify citokynes production (IFN?, IL17, TNF, IL6 and IL10) using CBA methodology. Results: We obtained seroconversion after the first dose of anti-HPV vaccine: control group 60%, group A 55,6% and group B 30%. In the second dose: control group 80%, group A 88,8% and Group B 80%. And at last, the third dose: Control Group 100%, Group A 88,8% and group B 90%. IL 6 citokyne (TH2 response) was detected in higher level when compared Control, A and B groups (p<0.001). IFN? citokyne (TH1 response) was detect in low level only after the third dose of vaccination, showing relevance between A and B groups (p<0.0006). Additionally, higher IFN? production was detected when compared the control with A and B groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: HIV patients and controls (HIV-) were responders to anti-HPV vaccination. It was clear that an elevated cytokine production was detected between groups, suggesting immunomodulation of HIV + group. This work suggests relevant information that challenge: new studies in this population, verification of cross-reactions of the vaccine resulting in protection of other HPV types not present in this vaccine, and analyze for longer period the titers of anti-HPV antibodies in these patients. All together, our data can corroborate for vaccination in this population, thus decreasing the risk of infection, mortality and morbidity of the disease caused by HPV in men.

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Ekman, Evelina, and Nicole Karlsson. "Upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande gentemot patienter som lever med HIV, HBV eller HCV : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83910.

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Introduktion/Bakgrund: Blodsmittor som Humant immunbristvirus [HIV], Hepatit B-virus [HBV] och Hepatit C-virus [HCV] förekommer i många delar av världen. Det finns mycket fördomar om patienter som lever med blodsmitta och patienterna kan uppleva stigmatisering och diskriminering från samhället vilket kan leda till psykisk ohälsa. Syfte: belysa hur patienter som lever med HIV, HBV eller HCV upplever vårdpersonalens bemötande. Metod: En litteraturstudie som följer Polit och Becks (2017) nio steg. PubMed, PsycINFO och Cinahl är de databaser som användes för att söka fram artiklar. 15 artiklar ingick i resultatet, tolv kvalitativa, två mixed-methods och en kvantitativ. Granskningar av artiklarna gjordes med Polit och Becks (2017) granskningsmallar för kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier. Resultat: Fyra teman identifierades till resultatet. Patienterna hade både positiva och negativa erfarenheter av bemötandet från vårdpersonal. De teman som identifierades var Attityder, Nekad vård och vårdpersonalens rädsla för smitta, Bristande sekretess samt Positiva upplevelser av bemötande. Slutsats: Det framkom att flera patienter som lever med blodsmitta hade negativa upplevelser av bemötandet inom hälso- och sjukvården, men de belyser även de positiva erfarenheter de hade av bemötande från vårdpersonal.

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Pantelic, Marija. "HIV, blame and shame : internalised HIV stigma among South African adolescents living with HIV." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ebc47dd0-df36-4b12-93b5-4e7d43603490.

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Background: This is the first epidemiological study of internalised stigma among adolescents living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa. It aims to establish predictors of internalized HIV-stigma among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa (Paper 1), develop an HIV-stigma scale for use with adolescents (Paper 2) and build and test a model of risk pathways for internalised stigma (Paper 3). The data used for papers 2 and 3 is part of the world's largest social science study of adolescents living with HIV (n=1060). Paper One systematically reviews evidence on the prevalence and predictors of internalised HIV stigma amongst people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. PRISMA guidelines were followed. An adapted version of the Cambridge Quality Checklist was used to assess the quality of the findings. A total of 18 papers were included. The prevalence of internalised stigma among adults living with HIV was 27% - 66%. The longitudinal predictors for internalised HIV stigma were poor HIV-related health and psychological distress. The review identifies two critical limitations of the literature. First, no studies on adolescents were found. One of the reasons for this may be the lack of a scale for measuring internalised HIV stigma in this population. Second, only individual-level risk factors for internalised stigma were examined. Papers 2 and 3 aim to address these limitations. Paper Two develops an HIV stigma scale with and for adolescents living with HIV. First, a multidimensional stigma scale previously used with adolescents in the US was cross-culturally adapted using semi-structured cognitive interviews with nine South African adolescents living with HIV. These data were interpreted through thematic analysis, and items were adapted in consultation with interviewees. Second, the revised version of the scale was administered to 1060 adolescents living with HIV. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the predicted 3-factor structure, and associations with hypothesised correlates provided evidence of validity. Paper Three develops and tests a model of risk pathways to internalised HIV stigma among adolescents living with HIV. Drawing on findings from the systematic review (Paper 1) and using the scale developed in Paper 2, both inter and intrapersonal pathways of risk from HIV-related disability to internalised HIV stigma were hypothesized. Following from modified labelling theory, interpersonal mechanisms were hypothesized to occur through maltreatment within power-unequal relationships, i.e. enacted HIV stigma and violence victimization. Hypothesized intrapersonal risks were anticipated HIV stigma and depression. Structural equation modelling enabled the grouping of theoretically related constructs and assessment of multiple, simultaneous pathways of risk. Prevalence of any internalised HIV stigma among adolescents living with HIV was 26.5%. As hypothesized, significant associations between internalised stigma and anticipated stigma, as well as depression were obtained. Unexpectedly, HIV-related disability, violence victimization, and enacted stigma were not directly associated with internalised stigma. Rather, indirect pathways via intrapersonal risks were observed. Conclusions: More than a quarter of adolescents living with HIV in this study reported experiencing some level of internalised stigma. Findings suggest a need to expand programmatic responses to internalised HIV stigma, from individualistic, clinic-based programmes to integrative, community-based approaches. Providing mental health support and reducing the maltreatment of adolescents living with HIV might interrupt pathways from HIV-related disability to internalised stigma. This highlights the potential for interventions that do not necessarily target HIV-positive adolescents but are sensitive to their needs. Such efforts must be coupled with rigorous process and outcome evaluations, and longitudinal data is urgently needed. It is hoped that the adolescent-friendly stigma scale developed within this DPhil will enable further research with this understudied population. Prior to this thesis, there were no known epidemiological studies of internalised HIV stigma among adolescents living with HIV. Moreover, the broader, adult-focused corpus of research has overlooked interpersonal risk factors. This thesis highlights the relevance of power inequalities and domination for the study of internalised HIV stigma.

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Books on the topic "HIV"

Sax, Paul E., Calvin J. Cohen, and Daniel R. Kuritzkes. HIV essentials. 5th ed. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2012.

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M, Parkin J., ed. HIV and AIDS. Oxford, UK: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1994.

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R, Prasad Vinayaka, and Kalpana Ganjam V, eds. HIV protocols. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Humana Press, 2008.

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Prasad, Vinayaka R. HIV protocols. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Humana Press, 2008.

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Prasad, Vinayaka R. HIV protocols. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Humana Press, 2008.

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R, Prasad Vinayaka, and Kalpana Ganjam V, eds. HIV protocols. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y: Humana Press, 2008.

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Repository, Indian HIV. Indian HIV Repository. Pune: National AIDS Research Institute, Indian Council of Medical Research, 2003.

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National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (U.S.), ed. Testing positive for HIV. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 1993.

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Howard, Libman, Makadon Harvey J. 1947-, and American College of Physicians, eds. HIV. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 2007.

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Howard, Libman, and Makadon Harvey J. 1947-, eds. HIV. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "HIV"

Vachon, Marie-Louise C., Alicia C. Stivala, and Douglas T. Dieterich. "HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV Co-infections." In Mount Sinai Expert Guides: Hepatology, 78–95. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118748626.ch7.

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Hu, Jianming, Kuancheng Liu, and Jun Luo. "HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV Coinfection and Liver Cancer Development." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 231–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03502-0_9.

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Hu, Jianming, and Laurie Ludgate. "HIV–HBV and HIV–HCV Coinfection and Liver Cancer Development." In Cancer Treatment and Research, 241–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46816-7_9.

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Pereira, Luis F., John J. Faragon, Antoine Douaihy, and Courtney E. Kandler. "Treatment of Comorbid HIV/HCV." In HIV Psychiatry, 477–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80665-1_18.

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Coffin, Carla S., and Norah A. Terrault. "Treatment of HCV, HDV, or HIV Coinfection." In Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Disease, 239–62. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4843-2_13.

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Zhou, Kali, and Norah A. Terrault. "Treatment of HCV, HDV, or HIV Coinfections." In Hepatitis B Virus and Liver Disease, 339–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3615-8_15.

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Harr, Jeffrey N., Philip F. Stahel, Phillip D. Levy, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Yang Xue, Muhammad N. Iqbal, Jeffrey Chan, et al. "HIV." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1121. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_3145.

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Brooks, Richard B. "HIV." In Perioperative Medicine, 295–301. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-498-2_25.

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Kiure, Annamaria, and Wafaie Fawzi. "HIV." In Handbook of Nutrition and Immunity, 303–37. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-790-1_14.

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Gastpar, Markus, Werner Heinz, Thomas Poehlke, and Peter Raschke. "HIV." In Glossar: Substitutionstherapie bei Drogenabhängigkeit, 71–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-07502-9_45.

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Conference papers on the topic "HIV"

Mathebula, Dephney. "HIV– A Biological Polycomputing Perspective." In 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD), 1–7. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icabcd62167.2024.10645274.

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Schmidbauer, C., D. Chromy, V. Schmidbauer, T. Bucsics, P. Schwabl, M. Mandorfer, B. Scheiner, et al. "Epidemiological trends of HBV and HDV coinfection among HIV+ patients." In 51. Jahrestagung & 29. Fortbildungskurs der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gastroenterologie & Hepatologie (ÖGGH). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1654658.

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Darvishian, Maryam, Carmine Rossi, Stanley Wong, Amanda Yu, Jason Wong, Jane Buxton, Mark Gilbert, et al. "P386 Cancer risk among people with HIV, HBV and/or HCV infections." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.481.

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Martins de Matos Navarro Guia, Miguel Filipe, Micaela Caixeiro, José Pedro Boléo-Tomé, Patrícia Pacheco, and Fernando Rodrigues. "Hospitalized tuberculosis: HIV versus non-HIV patients." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2995.

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Kerschberger, B., N. Ntshalintshali, M. Mafomisa, E. Mabhena, M. Daka, E. Mukooza, SV Dlamini, et al. "High burden of sexually transmitted infections and poor diagnostic performance of syndromic approaches within a decentralised HIV care setting in Eswatini." In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. NYC: MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/4e0e-e138.

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INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are a public health threat. Syndromic approaches based on clinical symptoms have been suggested as having poor diagnostic performance, particularly in the type of settings where MSF is operational. We assessed the burden of STI’s and the diagnostic performance of a syndromic approach within an MSF-supported HIV/STI project in Eswatini. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, enrolling adults accessing routine HIV testing and antiretroviral care services in six clinics in Shiselweni, from July 2022 to January 2023. HIV testing counselors performed HIV testing and nurses assessed patients for STI’s. Laboratory investigations included antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT’s) for Treponema pallidum (TP), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HBC). The molecular platform Xpert was used to test urine samples for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), vaginal/anal swabs for human papillomavirus (HPV), and plasma for HIV viraemia to test for acute HIV infection (HIV). We calculated the prevalence of STI’s, and assessed diagnostic performance of a syndromic approach to diagnose male urethritis (MUS) and vaginal discharge (VDS) syndromes, versus laboratory-based testing. ETHICS This study was approved by the Eswatini Health and Human Research Review Board and by the MSF Ethics Review Board. RESULTS Of 1,041 study participants, 682 were women (65.5%), and the median age was 30 (interquartile range, IQR, 24-38) years. Overall, 280 (26.9%) were known HIV-positive and of 755 with unknown HIV status, 30 (4.0%) were newly diagnosed with HIV, of whom seven (23.3%) had AHI. 308 (29.6%) patients had at least one of the following three pathogens identified: NG 121 (11.6%); CT 155 (14.9%); TV 109 (10.5%). MG was detected in 33/330 participants (10.0%). In addition, 105 (10.1%) had antibodies against TP, 49 (4.7%) against HBV, and three (0.3%) against HCV. HPV prevalence was higher in tested women (104/196; 53.1%) versus men (5/27; 18.5%; p=0.001). Prevalence of NG/CT/TP was highest in newly-diagnosed HIV cases (48.2%) versus known HIV-positive cases (26.8%, p=0.019). Based on the syndromic approach, 188/634 (29.7%) had a VDS, and 97/334 (29.0%) a MUS. Diagnostic performance of the syndromic approach was better in men (MUS: sensitivity: 66.7%, specificity 87.5%; positive predictive value, PPV, 70.1%, negative predictive value, NPV, 85.7%), versus women (VDS: sensitivity 35.9%, specificity 72.9%; PPV 35.1%, NPV 73.5%). CONCLUSION A high burden of STI’s in Eswatini and poor diagnostic ability of the syndromic approach in this setting, calls for new approaches for STI care in MSF-supported sexual and reproductive health programmes in resource-poor settings. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared

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Larsen, Teresa, David Goodsell, Dru Clark, and Ernest Stewart. "Modeling HIV." In ACM SIGGRAPH 99 Conference abstracts and applications. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/311625.312156.

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Conte, Fernanda Lopes, Amanda Alencar Cabral Morais, Nivea Orem de Oliveira Guedes, Mariana Villares Martins, and Álisson Bigolin. "Análise do impacto da ampliação da Rede Nacional de Quantificação da Carga Viral do HIV, HBV e HCV point-of-care no Sistema Único de Saúde." In XIV Congresso da Sociedade Brasileira de DST - X Congresso Brasileiro de AIDS - V Congresso Latino Americano IST/HIV/AIDS. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/dst-2177-8264-202335s1188.

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A Rede Nacional de Quantificação da Carga Viral Rápida (CVR) do HIV e do vírus da hepatite C (HCV), que utiliza a tecnologia point-of-care GeneXpert (Cepheid®), foi implementada em 22 serviços de saúde em julho de 2019, ofertando os exames em regiões de difícil acesso e com infraestrutura laboratorial limitada. Com a finalidade de aumentar a acessibilidade e a agilidade no diagnóstico e monitoramento dessas infecções no Brasil, iniciou-se, em 2022, a expansão da Rede para novos serviços, indicados pelas coordenações estaduais, e a incorporação do teste de CVR do vírus da hepatite B (HBV). Com o intuito de analisar o impacto da ampliação da rede com relação ao quantitativo de resultados liberados, o tempo de liberação de resultados e o fluxo de amostras, os dados foram obtidos dos sistemas de registro de resultados de CV-HBV e HCV (GAL) e CV-HIV (SISCEL), e comparados pré (janeiro de 2020 a agosto de 2022) e pós (setembro de 2022 a julho de 2023) a ampliação da rede. A rede passou de 22 para 54 serviços de saúde. A média mensal de exames de CVR-HIV liberados passou de 1.365 para 3.034, os exames de CVR-HCV passaram de 95 para 168 exames/mês, e os exames de CVR-HBV apresentam média de 352 exames/mês. O tempo médio de liberação de resultados não apresentou diferença entre os períodos, sendo 4 dias para HIV e 1 dia para HCV e HBV. Antes da ampliação, a rede contava com 47 instituições coletoras de amostras, passando para 97 em julho de 2023. A incorporação de novos serviços possibilitou ampliar a oferta aos exames de CVR do HIV e HCV, e contribuir para a ampliação de acesso ao diagnóstico e monitoramento da infecção pelo HBV. Verifica-se a necessidade de qualificação da rede quanto à celeridade na liberação dos resultados, considerando os objetivos da metodologia point-of-care e visando à agilidade nos cuidados de saúde.

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Akgun, Kathleen M., Margaret A. Pisani, Adeel A. Butt, Cynthia L. Gibert, Maria C. Rodriguez-Barradas, Amy C. Justice, David Rimland, and Kristina A. Crothers. "Incidence And Mortality Of MICU Admission In HIV Infected (HIV+) And Non-Infected (HIV-) Veterans." In American Thoracic Society 2010 International Conference, May 14-19, 2010 • New Orleans. American Thoracic Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2010.181.1_meetingabstracts.a5200.

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Rocha, Daniele, Elisabete Andrade, Marcela Fontana, Marisa Ribeiro, Elaine Motta, Daniela Godoy, Antonio Ferreira, Rodrigo Brindeiro, Amilcar Tanuri, and Patricia Alvarez. "Desenvolvimento de uma nova partícula calibradora para o Kit NAT HIV/HCV/HBV Bio-Manguinhos." In III Seminário Anual Científico e Tecnológico de Bio-Manguinhos. Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35259/isi.sact.2016_27367.

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Stewart, J. M., C. Budhathoki, D. Bellinger, and J. B. Hamilton. "P4.50 Associations of hiv testing with hiv stigma: implications for faith based hiv testing and treatment." In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.547.

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Reports on the topic "HIV"

Pinter, Abraham. HIV Vaccines Based on Novel MULV-HIV Fusion Proteins. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada373677.

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Bingamon, Brian Michael. HIV Mosaic Vaccine. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1581247.

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Kanki, Phyllis. Interactions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada367779.

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Kanki, Phyllis. Interactions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada329299.

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Kanki, Phyllis J. Interactions of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in West Africa. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416999.

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Sood, Neeraj, and Yanyu Wu. The Impact of Insurance and HIV Treatment Technology on HIV Testing. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19397.

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Foley, Brian Thomas, Thomas Kenneth Leitner, Cristian Apetrei, Beatrice Hahn, Ilene Mizrachi, James Mullins, Andrew Rambaut, Steven Wolinsky, and Bette Tina Marie Korber. HIV Sequence Compendium 2015. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1222684.

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Kuiken, Carla, Brian Foley, Thomas Leitner, Christian Apetrei, Beatrice Hahn, Ilene Mizrachi, James Mullins, Andrew Rambaut, Steven Wolinsky, and Bette Korber. HIV Sequence Compendium 2010. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1223877.

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Kuiken, Carla, Brian Foley, Eric Freed, Beatrice Hahn, Preston Marx, Francine McCutchan, John Mellors, Steven Wolinsky, and Bette Korber. HIV sequence compendium 2002. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1184349.

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Kuiken, Carla, and Brian Foley. HIV Sequence Compendium 2000. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1186021.

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Academic literature on the topic 'HIV'

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Reports on the topic "HIV"