Journal articles: 'HIT'

1

Gedo, John E. "A Hit, a Hit, a Palpable Hit!" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 36, no. 10 (October 1991): 845–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/030239.

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Prechel, Margaret, Abigail M. Hilby, and Jeanine M. Walenga. "Cross Reactivity of Heparin-Induced PF4 Antibodies with Heparin- Bound IL-8." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 3429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.3429.3429.

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Abstract Background: Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT) is caused by polyclonal antibodies, formed to conformational neoepitopes exposed in platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin (H). HIT antibodies are commonly measured by one of several commercially available ELISAs. The literature reports cases of clinical HIT and/or positive HIT antibody-mediated platelet activation tests in patients without antibodies detectable in PF4 based ELISAs, and suggests that antibodies to other chemokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), may be involved. The current study was undertaken to characterize the frequency of such antibodies in a population of consecutive serum specimens submitted for HIT diagnosis by 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA), and also in a group of retrospectively selected SRA-positive specimens. Methods: Specimens (n=90) analyzed by SRA between March and July 2008 were subsequently tested by PF4 Enhanced ELISA (GTI, Waukesha, WI), and the Zymutest HIA ELISA (Hyphen BioMed, Neuville sur Oise, France). An additional ELISA was carried out on the specimens using the Zymutest heparin-bonded plate coated with purified, recombinant human interleukin-8 (IL-8) (72 aa form, Prospec, Rehovot, Israel). The second group consisted of archived specimens (n=32) that tested positive by SRA but negative by GTI HAT ELISA; these specimens were subsequently tested by the Zymutest HIA and the H:IL-8 ELISA. Results: Recombinant IL-8 (1μg/well) added to heparin-bound ELISA plates was recognized by anti-IL-8 (BD Biosciences), but not anti-PF4 (Leinco Technologies, Inc.) antibodies and was not displaced from the plate by addition of PF4 from normal serum at the dilution (1:100) used in the ELISA. Of the 90 consecutive specimens, 21 (23.3%) tested positive in both the GTI and the Zymutest HIA tests; 15 of the 90 (16.6%) tested positive by one but not both of the PF4-based ELISAs (Table 1). In this group of 90 specimens, 17 (18.9%) had OD > 0.500 on the heparin-bound IL-8 plate. Only 3 of the specimens bound to the H:IL-8 exclusively, while 14 were also positive in the GTI and/or Zymutest HIA ELISA. Thus, of the 36 specimens that tested positive in one or both of the PF-4-based ELISAs, 14 (38.9%) had antibodies that also targeted heparin-bound IL-8. Ten of the 90 specimens tested positive in the SRA. Six of SRA-positives had PF4-specific antibodies that did not cross react with H:IL-8, 3 had H:IL-8 reactive antibodies in addition to PF4 reactive antibodies, and 1 SRA positive specimen tested negative in all ELISAs. Table 1. Comparison of GTI HAT vs Zymutest HIA results: n = 90 consecutive patients Numbers in parentheses indicate how many specimens in each subgroup contained antibodies that bound to H:IL-8. Zymutest HIA + − Total + 21 (11) 9 (1) 30 GTI HAT − 6 (2) 54 (3) 60 Total 27 63 90 Among the set of 32 specimens that tested positive by SRA and negative by GTI ELISA, 8 tested positive in the Zymutest ELISA, including 4 that had OD > 0.500 on the H:IL-8 plate. The 24 specimens that tested negative by both HIT ELISAs ranged in percent serotonin release (tested with 0.1 U/ml H) between 21–84% with a median of 45.6%, and did not contain antibodies that bound the H:IL-8 plate. Conclusions: The data agree with other studies that show differences between results of commercially available HIT ELISA kits. The study also shows that over one third of specimens that test positive in the HIT ELISAs contain antibodies that are not specific for PF4, but also recognize heparin-bound IL-8. These results do not prove that the antibodies that bind PF4 targets are the same ones that bind IL-8. However, the significant degree of homology (40%) between the peptides suggests that the same antibodies may cross react with either target. The relevance of these antibodies is as yet unclear. Only 3% of specimens bound H:IL-8 plates but not PF4 plates, and these were not associated with SRA activity. Also HIT ELISA negative specimens with SRA activity, which showed only moderate percent serotonin release, did not contain H:IL-8-binding antibodies. The study did not find evidence of a role for H:IL-8 antibodies in HIT-related platelet activation tests.

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3

Pouplard, Claire, Sandra Regina, Jean Baptiste Valentin, and Yves Gruel. "A New Enzyme Immuno-Assay That Only Detects IgG Antibodies to Heparin-PF4 Complexes (Zymutest HIA IgG®) Improves the Specificity of the Diagnosis of HIT without Loss of Sensitivity." Blood 110, no. 11 (November 16, 2007): 2096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v110.11.2096.2096.

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Abstract Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is associated in most patients with the development of antibodies to heparin-modified platelet factor 4 (PF4). Commercial immuno-assays frequently detect these antibodies after cardiac surgery but only few patients develop clinical HIT. Therefore, platelet activation tests such as serotonin release assay (SRA) are necessary to ensure the diagnosis of HIT with high specificity. Another approach to increase diagnosis specificity could be to detect IgG antibodies which are of major clinical relevance since they are the only class able to directly activate platelets in the presence of heparin. Therefore, we evaluated the performances of a new commercial immuno-assay specific to IgG for the diagnosis of HIT Abs (Zymutest HIA IgG®, Hyphen Biomed, Neuville sur Oise, France). Samples from 101 patients with suspected HIT were analysed. 40 cases had developed significant levels of Abs to PF4 measured with PVS/PF4 ELISA (HAT45®,GTI, Brookfiled, WI, USA) and the diagnosis of HIT had been confirmed since SRA was positive. Every sample was then tested with a global assay named Zymutest HIA G/A/M® as followed: each diluted plasma (200 μl) was incubated for 1 hour with 50 μl of platelet lysate providing PF4 into wells previously coated with unfractionated heparin. After washings and incubation (1 hour) with anti IgG/A/M-HRP immunoconjugate, the enzyme activity was developed and absorbance was read at 450nm. In case of positive result (A450 ≥ 0.5), the isotype distribution was analysed with a specific and standardized assay using monospecific anti-IgG-, anti-IgA- and anti IgM-HRP conjugates (Zymutest HIA-IgG® or -IgA® or -IgM®). A450 values ≥ 0.5 were also considered as positive. GTI assay that detected IgG/A/M Abs to PVS/PF4 complexes in the 40 patients with HIT (Ss 100%) was also positive in 30 of the 61 cases with no HIT (Sp 50.8%). Comparatively, Zymutest HIA® global assay was positive in 39 of the 40 patients with HIT (Ss 97.5%) and in 14 of 61 cases without HIT (Sp 77%). On the other hand, significant levels of heparin-dependent IgG antibodies were also measured in these 39 HIT patients using Zymutest HIA IgG® assay (mean A450: 1.81; range A450: 0.5 – 2.76), and only in 6 patients without HIT (Sp: 90%). However, IgG levels measured in patients without HIT were significantly lower (mean A450: 0.60; range A450: 0.08 – 2.20) than in those with HIT (p < 0.0001). In addition, IgA or IgM heparin-dependent antibodies were only present, i.e. without IgG, in samples from patients for whom the diagnosis of HIT had been ruled out (n = 3). In conclusion, this study supports that the detection of significant levels of IgG heparin-dependent antibodies improves the diagnosis specificity in patients with a suspicion of HIT without loss of sensitivity. Nonetheless, whether IgG-specific immunoassays could avoid to perform platelet activation tests in patients with a strong pre-test probability of HIT warrant further study.

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4

Patrick, Jon D., and Susan Ieraci. "Good HIT and bad HIT." Medical Journal of Australia 198, no. 4 (March 2013): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/mja12.11350.

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5

Jones, George Fenwick. "Hit's Hard to Hit Hit." English Language Notes 41, no. 1 (September 1, 2003): 80–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00138282-41.1.80.

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6

Ogden, Jeff. "Hit first and hit hard." Infosecurity Today 1, no. 1 (January 2004): 32–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1742-6847(04)00020-5.

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7

Warkentin, Theodore E., and Mark A. Crowther. "When is HIT Really HIT?" Annals of Thoracic Surgery 83, no. 1 (January 2007): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.07.006.

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8

Pouplard, Claire, Dorothée Leroux, Sandra Regina, Jérôme Rollin, and Yves Gruel. "Effectiveness of a new immuno-assay for the diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and improved specificity when detecting IgG antibodies." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 103, no. 01 (2010): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th09-04-0253.

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SummaryThe diagnosis of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is based on clinical criteria and biological assays. Most immunoassays detect antibodies (either IgG alone or additionally IgA and IgM) against PF4 immobilised in wells of microtiter plates with stoichiometric concentrations of polyanion (heparin or polyvinylsulfonate). We studied whether diagnostic sensitivity and/or specificity for HIT could be improved using a novel assay in which unfractionated heparin is immobilised alone to the microwells, with PF4 (and, potentially, other heparin-dependent antigen proteins) provided by adding platelet lysate during the procedure. Samples from 101 patients with suspected HIT and from 101 controls (including 50 with antiphospholipid antibodies) were tested. The global assay (Zymutest HIA IgG/A/M®, Hyphen BioMed) was positive for 39 of 40 patients with definite HIT (positive PF4-specific ELISA and positive serotonin release assay). It was positive in only two of the 101 control patients studied and also in 14 of the 61 patients with suspected HIT for whom the disease was excluded (specificity (sp): 77%). On the other hand, Zymutest HIA IgG®, an IgG-specific assay, was positive in only six patients without HIT (Sp: 90%). Heparin-dependent IgG antibodies were present at higher levels in patients with definite HIT than in those for whom the diagnosis of HIT was ruled out. A single ELISA that detects IgG antibodies is more effective for the diagnosis of HIT in clinical practice. These results also support the hypothesis that heparin-dependent antibodies of IgG class have a major role in the pathogenesis of HIT.

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Range, Melissa. "Hit." Ecotone 9, no. 2 (2014): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2014.0019.

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10

WOODRUFF, DAVID W. "HIT." Nursing Made Incredibly Easy! 4, no. 1 (January 2006): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152258-200601000-00009.

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11

Bennett, A. "HIT." Journal of Substance Use 6, no. 1 (January 2001): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/146598901750132090.

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12

Krönert, Alrun. "Hit ersetzt Landgard durch Greenyard." Lebensmittel Zeitung 75, no. 4 (2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2023-4-018-1.

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Die Hit-Supermärkte konzentrieren die Logistikdienstleistung für ihre Obst- und Gemüsebelieferung auf einen einzigen Partner. Das Rennen gemacht hat der belgische Fruchtriese Greenyard. Dessen Deutschland-Tochter Greenyard Fresh Germany hat sich gegen die Erzeugergenossenschaft Landgard durchgesetzt.

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13

Ash, C. "Hit 'Em Quick, Hit 'Em Strong." Science 338, no. 6104 (October 11, 2012): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.338.6104.173-b.

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14

Thind, Ravneet, Danielle Heidemann, Sundara Raman, and Philip Kuriakose. "Correlation Of Heparin Confirmatory Test (HCT) With Optical Density (OD) and Serotonin Release Assay (SRA) In The Diagnosis Of Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 4754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.4754.4754.

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Introduction Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially fatal, thrombotic complication of heparin therapy mediated by antibodies to complexes between platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. Accurate and rapid diagnosis with prompt commencement of therapy are imperative as delays in treatment are associated with an increasing risk of thrombosis, amputation, or death. On the flip side, initiation of therapy with direct thrombin inhibitors without laboratory confirmation carries a significant risk of bleeding. Two types of laboratory tests are available for detection of these antibodies: a widely available immunoassay (ELISA), which is very sensitive to the presence of anti-heparin/PF4 antibodies, but is less specific to the clinical syndrome of HIT because of detection of non-pathological antibodies. The Serotonin Release Assay (SRA) is a functional assay that is now considered the gold standard for confirmatory diagnosis of HIT due to its high specificity. However, the downside of SRA is the cost involved, limited availability and a turnaround time of 5-7 days. As such, a heparin confirmatory test (HCT) with excess heparin has been in use since mid 2011 on positive ELISA samples in our laboratory to improve test specificity. This test is more cost and time efficient, with a turnover time of no more than 48 hours. As noted in prior studies, inhibition of a positive ELISA result by 50% or more in the presence of excess heparin is considered confirmatory of heparin-dependent antibodies. Likewise a negative confirmatory test is defined as a decrease of 50% or less in antibody binding in the presence of heparin. Aim a) Correlation of Heparin Confirmatory test (HCT) with strength of HIT ELISA, vis-à-vis optical density (OD) of 0.4 - 0.99 and OD of >/= 1.0. b) Correlation of HCT results with SRA, to see if the latter can be replaced by the heparin confirmatory test. Patients and Methods A retrospective chart review of adult patients hospitalized at our institution with suspected HIT from July 2011 until January 2013 was done. There were 101 such patients. All patients who had a positive HIT ELISA, then had HCT as per our standard lab practice, with an SRA test done for diagnosis/confirmation of HIT, as per standard clinical practice. Historically, the major strength of SRA assay is its specificity. The optical density on HIT ELISA and SRA results were then compared with the Heparin Confirmatory test to establish clinical significance. Results Of the 101 patients tested for HIT ELISA, 49 were positive. HCT and SRA were performed on all 49 samples, 1 out of which was reported as indeterminate. Hence 48 samples were used for primary analysis, comparing HCT to the OD as well as the SRA results. Out of 48 patients, 6 had positive SRA with Heparin inhibition of >50% (sensitivity 6/6 = 100%). Remaining 42 patients had negative SRA, 7 out of which had Heparin inhibition of <50% (specificity 7/42 = 16.6%). All 7 patients with a negative HCT had a negative SRA, making the negative predictive value of the HCT 100%; however positive predictive value was only 14.6% (6/41). There was no correlation between the OD and Heparin Confirmation test. Conclusions Although there is data suggesting that there might be some value to the Heparin Confirmation test, we were unable to show a significant correlation between HCT and OD or between HCT and SRA. The prospect of having a cost effective and rapid assay for laboratory confirmation of HIT will always be a relevant need. We feel that a larger, prospective study should be conducted to definitively assess the relationship between HCT and SRA. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Ziemba, Jessica B., Zena Wolf, Matthew Weinstock, and Saja Asakrah. "Double-Hit and Triple-Hit Follicular Lymphoma." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 153, no. 5 (February 29, 2020): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqz208.

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Abstract Objectives To better characterize the clinicopathologic presentation and outcomes of follicular lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements (double-hit and triple-hit follicular lymphoma), we present three cases from our institution and perform a literature review of 37 published cases. Methods Cases were identified using institutional SoftPath software and the MEDLINE database via the PubMed search engine. Clinical and pathologic data were collected with subsequent stratification by histologic grade and treatment for comparison. Results Similar to classic follicular lymphoma, patients presented most often with low-grade (1-2) but high-stage (III-IV) disease with absence of B symptoms; however, overall survival was worse than that of traditional follicular lymphoma. In a small sample size, etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and rituximab (EPOCH-R) achieved better outcomes than a regimen of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Specific pathologic features that might prompt testing for MYC rearrangement include elevated proliferation index out of proportion to cytology and aggressive features such as angioinvasion. Conclusions Double-hit and triple-hit follicular lymphoma may be better classified as a distinct entity from classical follicular lymphoma with a worse prognosis. Aggressive therapy with a treatment regimen used for high-grade B-cell lymphoma with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements might be beneficial, but more evidence is needed to justify aggressive treatment as standard of care.

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16

Gruel, Yves, and Jerome Rollin. "Fibronectin: a “double hit” modulator in HIT?" Blood 133, no. 9 (February 28, 2019): 891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-01-894295.

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Benz, Rudolf, and Joelle Tchinda. "Double hit, triple hit—look for it." Blood 121, no. 13 (March 28, 2013): 2383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-10-451716.

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Keserű, György M., and Gergely M. Makara. "Hit discovery and hit-to-lead approaches." Drug Discovery Today 11, no. 15-16 (August 2006): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2006.06.016.

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Scarisbrick, I. A., and M. Rodriguez. "Hit-hit and hit-run: Viruses in the playing field of multiple sclerosis." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 3, no. 3 (June 2003): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-003-0087-9.

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Dinsdale, Paul. "Direct hit." Nursing Standard 15, no. 47 (August 8, 2001): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.15.47.12.s34.

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Folk, Holly. "Hit Gyülekezete." Nova Religio 20, no. 3 (February 1, 2017): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2017.20.3.101.

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In this Field Notes contribution, I report on one of the largest Pentecostal church networks in Central Europe. Led by charismatic pastor Sándor Németh, Faith Church reflects trends in the globalization of Pentecostalism and the regional experience of post-Communist countries. Faith Church (Hit Gyülekezete) embraces three distinctive theologies running through contemporary evangelicalism: the charismatic gifts associated with the Toronto Blessing; the prosperity gospel of the Word of Faith movement; and philo-Semitic Christian Zionism. The evening service I attended in Budapest was structured so as to affirm these three themes.

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Holm, Liisa, and Chris Sander. "Enzyme HIT." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 22, no. 4 (April 1997): 116–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-0004(97)01021-9.

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23

Bushman, Karl. "Early hit." American Journal of Medicine 92, no. 3 (March 1992): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(92)90082-m.

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Schöttle, Markus. "Export Hit." ATZelektronik worldwide 13, no. 3 (May 27, 2018): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s38314-018-0036-7.

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Zelikow, Philip. "Hit Men." Foreign Affairs 79, no. 6 (2000): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20050035.

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Perkins, Sid. "Hit Again." Science News 167, no. 14 (April 2, 2005): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4016358.

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Spatz, Gregory. "Hit Me." New England Review 38, no. 4 (2017): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ner.2017.0113.

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Strait, R., B. Susskind, and F. Finkelman. "Murine TRALI: 1-hit vs. 2-hit model." Human Immunology 66, no. 8 (August 2005): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2005.08.029.

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Al Raizah, A., A. Almozaini, R. Abu Eishah, K. Alharbi, M. almufarrih, M. Al Shuaibi, O. K. Alkhairy, M. Alzahrani, A. Hejazi, and A. Alaskar. "P1674: CLINICAL IMPACT OF NON-ADHERENCE TO HIT GUIDELINES: A DOUBLE HIT IN HIT." HemaSphere 6 (June 2022): 1555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hs9.0000849552.25502.29.

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Yang, Xing, Jiangtao Bian, Zhengxin Liu, Shuai Li, Chao Chen, and Song He. "HIT Solar Cells with N-Type Low-Cost Metallurgical Si." Advances in OptoElectronics 2018 (January 18, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7368175.

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A conversion efficiency of 20.23% of heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cell on 156 mm × 156 mm metallurgical Si wafer has been obtained. Applying AFORS-HET software simulation, HIT solar cell with metallurgical Si was investigated with regard to impurity concentration, compensation level, and their impacts on cell performance. It is known that a small amount of impurity in metallurgical Si materials is not harmful to solar cell properties.

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Danzer, Steve C. "A Hit, a Hit—A Very Palpable Hit: Mild TBI and the Development of Epilepsy." Epilepsy Currents 19, no. 4 (June 17, 2019): 261–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535759719854758.

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Yao, Yao, Shaoqing Xiao, Xiumei Zhang, and Xiaofeng Gu. "Simulation optimizing of n-type HIT solar cells with AFORS-HET." Modern Physics Letters B 31, no. 19-21 (July 27, 2017): 1740025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984917400255.

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This paper presents a study of heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer (HIT) solar cells based on n-type silicon substrates by a simulation software AFORS-HET. We have studied the influence of thickness, band gap of intrinsic layer and defect densities of every interface. Details in mechanisms are elaborated as well. The results show that the optimized efficiency reaches more than 23% which may give proper suggestions to practical preparation for HIT solar cells industry.

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Warkentin, Theodore E. "Fondaparinux: does it cause HIT? can it treat HIT?" Expert Review of Hematology 3, no. 5 (October 2010): 567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/ehm.10.54.

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O'Brien, Peggy. "Doing Shakespeare: "Yo! A Hit! A Very Palpable Hit!"." English Journal 82, no. 4 (April 1993): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/820847.

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Lang, J. D., and J. M. Hickman-Davis. "One-hit, two-hit . . . is there really any benefit?" Clinical and Experimental Immunology 141, no. 2 (August 2005): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02853.x.

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Ramirez, Luz M., Teresa L. Carman, Susan M. Begelman, Amjad AlMahameed, Douglas Joseph, Vikram S. Kashyap, David A. White, Krista Andersen-Harris, and John R. Bartholomew. "Bivalirudin in Patients with HIT or Clinically Suspected HIT." Blood 106, no. 11 (November 16, 2005): 918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.918.918.

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Abstract Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a serious complication of heparin and low molecular weight heparin therapy. All patients with HIT need treatment with a non-heparin anticoagulant. In the United States, two direct thrombin inhibitors are FDA-approved for patients with HIT: lepirudin and argatroban. Lepirudin is eliminated by the kidneys and is not ideal in patients with renal dysfunction. Argatroban is metabolized in the liver and should be used with caution in patients with hepatic insufficiency. Bivalirudin is approved for use in percutaneous coronary intervention and is under study for use in patients with HIT undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Bivalirudin has a short half-life (25 min) and is 20% metabolized via the kidneys and 80% by proteolytic cleavage. Methods: We are reporting our experience from a retrospective review of 42 patients with clinically suspected, laboratory-confirmed, or previously diagnosed HIT treated with bivalirudin. Results: Thirteen patients had a history of HIT; 9 were admitted for an interventional procedure or surgery. In 29 (69%) patients, HIT was suspected because of a fall in platelet count and/or thrombosis in the setting of current or recent heparin therapy. HIT was confirmed in 15/29 (51.7%) (Table). Bivalirudin was initiated by continuous intravenous infusion (range 0.03–0.2 mg/kg/h) and adjusted to an aPTT of 1.5–2.5 times patient baseline. The mean infusion rate was 0.1 mg/kg/h. The average duration of therapy was 7.8 (range 1–24) days. 7/42 (16.7%) of patients had overt bleeding and received ≥ 2 units of packed red blood cells during their hospitalization. There were three new thrombotic events: ischemic stroke (subtherapeutic aPTT), cephalic vein thrombosis, and left ventricular thrombus. There were no amputations and 5 patients died: 2 withdrawal of care, 1 MSOF, 1 respiratory failure, 1 disseminated intravascular coagulation. Conclusions: Our experience indicates that bivalirudin is a suitable alternative anticoagulant for patients with HIT or suspected HIT. The bleeding and thrombotic complications were deemed acceptable in our largely critically ill and postoperative patients. Class of patients No. of pts Indication for initial use of anticoagulation Mean platelet count (K/μL) at the time of bivalirudin initiation (Range) Renal dysfunction (RD) OR Liver dysfunction (LD) OR Both (RD&LD) ICU stay OR Required mechanical ventilation (MV) Multi-system organ failure (MSOF) OR Sepsis VTE = Venous Thromboembolism, Mech Valve = Mechanical Valve, ACS = Acute Coronary Syndrome, Afib = Atrial Fibrillation History of HIT 13 VTE 3, Intervention or Surgery 9, Other 1 172 (30–374) RD 23.1%, LD 0%, RD&LD 0% ICU 61.5%, MV 0% MSOF 7.7% Sepsis 0% Clinically suspected HIT 14 VTE 8, Mech Valve 1, ACS 4, Other 1 57.9 (7–115) RD 21.4%, LD 7.1%, RD&LD 7.1% ICU 85.7%, MV 42.9% MSOF 14.3% Sepsis 28.6% Confirmed HIT 15 VTE 3, Afib 2, ACS 4, Other 6 44.6 (10–107) RD 26.7%, LD 6.7%, RD&LD 13.3% ICU 86.7%, MV 53.3% MSOF 20% Sepsis 20%

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Swartz, Jon D. "The HIT and the HIT 25: Comments and Clarifications." Journal of Personality Assessment 58, no. 2 (April 1992): 432–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5802_20.

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Panigrahy, Nitish K., Jian Li, and Don Towsley. "Hit Rate vs. Hit Probability Based Cache Utility Maximization." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 45, no. 2 (October 11, 2017): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3152042.3152050.

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Osthoff, Sue. "But, Gertrude, I Beg to Differ, a Hit Is Not a Hit Is Not a Hit." Violence Against Women 8, no. 12 (December 2002): 1521–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107780102237968.

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Mukhi, Nikhil, Sabina Saakova, Vaibhav Verma, and Gurinder Sidhu. "HIT: Secondary Drop Phenomenon in Platelets." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 4198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.4198.4198.

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Abstract Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a pro-thrombotic and potentially lethal disorder caused by platelet-, endothelial-, and monocyte-activating antibodies that target multimolecular complexes of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. HIT is reported to occur in 0.2% to 5% of heparin-treated adults. Due to the diagnostic dilemma posed by the disease, various pre-test probability systems have been proposed. The most widely used 4Ts score has demonstrated high sensitivity but is limited by observer bias and its limited utility for intermediate scores. The anti-PF4/heparin antibody testing has sensitivity close to 100%, but its poor positive predictive value, low specificity and long turnaround time may lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. Hence functional assays like 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA) are used for confirmation of diagnosis. These tests are highly specific for diagnosis but their use is restricted to a small number of reference laboratories. In this study, we describe a phenomenon which is seen in HIT patients and will help to improve the positive predictive value of 4T score. Hypothesis: Initial heparin exposure leads to a transient decrease in platelet count(less than 50% from presentation) which recovers close to baseline in a few days. Recovery from the transient drop is followed by a steeper drop in platelet count. This second substantial decline in platelet count is characteristic of HIT. Methods and objectives: We screened all hospitalized patients from 2008-2013 with ICD9 code for HIT (289.84) at discharge from Kings County Hospital and SUNY Downstate. One hundred fifty four patients were screened. Only patients with positive anti-PF4/heparin antibody test (HAT) and 14C-serotonin release assay (SRA) were included in the study. Results: Of the 154 patients, 54 patients had a positive HAT; 11 had positive HAT and SRA. Of the 11 patients included in the study, 4 (36.4%) were on VTE prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin (UFH), 6 (54.5%) were on UFH drip and 1 (9%) was on therapeutic dose of Enoxaparin. Out of 11 patients (81.2%), 9 were male with a median age of 68. Ten out of 11 patients (91%) demonstrated the transient platelet-reduction phenomenon. The median platelet count for these patients on admission was 239k/µl. The initial decline was seen on day 4.5 (median) to nadir platelet count of 148K/µl (median) which signifies a 38% drop. Platelet count normalized to baseline by Day 7 to 245K/µl (median) which is a 39% recovery. The secondary drop occurred on median Day 14 to 68K/µl (median) which is a 68% reduction since the recovery. This secondary drop was uniformly associated with HIT. The data is demonstrated by means of a graph as shown below. Figure 1 One patient in the study did not demonstrate this phenomenon. He developed HIT on day 4 of UFH exposure which is suggestive of pre-formed antibodies. Data regarding patient's prior exposure couldn't be obtained. Figure 1. One patient in the study did not demonstrate this phenomenon. He developed HIT on day 4 of UFH exposure which is suggestive of pre-formed antibodies. Data regarding patient's prior exposure couldn't be obtained. Conclusion: The exact mechanism of this transient platelet-reduction phenomenon stays unclear. In this small retrospective analysis, however, we observed this phenomenon in 91% of patients. All patients in this study had intermediate 4Ts scores; hence there may be a utility of this phenomenon in guiding treatment. Given the small sample size of patients, it is difficult to extrapolate this data to the general population. A multicentric study with larger sample size may help us in determining the utility of this phenomenon as a supplement to 4T score for HIT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Lucic, Josip, Tamam Bakchoul, and Karina Althaus. "Daumenmikrothrombose/Daumennekrose eines Patienten mit heparininduzierter Thrombozytopenie." Transfusionsmedizin - Immunhämatologie, Hämotherapie, Immungenetik, Zelltherapie 10, no. 01 (February 2020): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1010-1268.

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ZusammenfassungWir berichten über einen 81-jährigen Patienten, der unter der Therapie mit unfraktioniertem Heparin (UFH) in prophylaktischer Dosierung eine heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie mit Mikrothromben und beginnender Nekrose entwickelt hat. Die Prophylaxe wurde mit UFH durchgeführt. An Tag 10 kam es zu einem Thrombozytenabfall um > 50%. Eine Daumennekrose weckte den Verdacht auf eine heparininduzierte Thrombozytopenie (HIT). Der 4T-Score zeigte eine hohe Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine HIT auf (7 Punkte). Da der Schnelltest positiv ausfiel, wurde eine therapeutische Antikoagulation mit Argatroban (2 µg/kg/min) bereits vor vollständiger labortechnischer Abklärung begonnen. Sowohl die Thrombozytenzahl als auch der Daumen erholten sich innerhalb von 5 Tagen nach der Umstellung auf Argatroban. Unser Fallbeispiel zeigt, dass bei dem Verdacht auf HIT eine sofortige Umstellung auf alternative Antikoagulation in therapeutischer Dosis zur Reversion beginnender Nekrosen führen kann.

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Hofmann, Janine. "„Hinter der Marke muss Innovation stecken“." Lebensmittel Zeitung 73, no. 26 (2021): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2021-26-081.

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Giuri, Maurizio. "Hit und Hellweg führen Scan&Go ein." Lebensmittel Zeitung 74, no. 25 (2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0947-7527-2022-25-034.

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Zwei weitere Händler wollen ihre Kunden per Handy selbst scannen lassen. Lebensmittelhändler Hit legt in Köln los. Auch der Baumarkt-Betreiber Hellweg ist aktiv. Zum Start hat der DIY-Spezialist acht Märkte rund um Berlin mit dem Service ausgestattet.

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Robl, Jared M., Steven R. Lentz, Sharon B. Larson, and Milena A. Gebska. "A RHEUMATIC HIT." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 77, no. 18 (May 2021): 2811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(21)04166-8.

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Wigglesworth, Mark, and Peter Hodder. "Hit Discovery Methodology." SLAS DISCOVERY: Advancing the Science of Drug Discovery 26, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 165–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2472555220982257.

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Budai, Gábor. "Hit - illúziók nélkül?" Társadalomkutatás 25, no. 4 (November 2007): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/tarskut.25.2007.4.5.

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Bönsch, Regine. "Hit für Vinylfans." VDI nachrichten 74, no. 48 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/0042-1758-2020-48-40-6.

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Gießing, Jürgen. "HIT im Alterungsprozess." B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport 38, no. 04 (August 2022): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1871-0015.

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ZusammenfassungDas Hochintensitätstraining (HIT) ist eine methodische Alternative zum klassischen Krafttraining und ist gekennzeichnet durch hohe Anstrengungsintensität bei geringem Trainingsvolumen und Betonung technisch korrekter Übungsausführungen. Das HIT eignet sich für alle post-pubertären Altersstufen und ist kürzlich verstärkt in den Fokus geraten als geeignete Maßnahme zur Prävention und Therapie von Sarkopenie bei Älteren.

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"Black hats hit Red Hat." Network Security 2008, no. 9 (September 2008): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-4858(08)70102-8.

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Kindermann, Wilfried. "HIT wird zum Hit." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 2013, no. 11 (November 1, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2013.102.

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Journal articles on the topic 'HIT'

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