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McClure, Diane. "An exploration of teachers' knowledge about aspects of Australian indigenous history and their attitude to reconciliation." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2008. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/a27aca83dcde23eb61707b7f8df6d7e9c6a1ff6752992e3736a6ea213b710e41/977882/64986_downloaded_stream_211.pdf.
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In contemporary Australian society the term Reconciliation refers to the process by which the Indigenous and wider Australian communities strive to improve relations with each other. It seeks to do this by recognizing past wrongdoings, addressing the disadvantage faced by Indigenous people today, whilst working together as Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians for a better future (Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, 1993a,b,g). Education is seen to play an important role in the advancement of this process. This is evident in the policy documents of Australian education departments (Brisbane Catholic Education, 2006; Department of Education, science and Training, 1999; Education Queensland, 2000) and the observed level of support for Reconciliation in the educational community (Burridge, 2006). It is apparent that Reconciliation is a key issue for teachers in modern Australia. This is particularly the case for teachers in Catholic schools. Catholic school teachers are required to model gospel values, one of which is the notion of reconciliation, embodied in the sacramental rite bearing the same name. Although the theological and secular meanings of this term have some similarities there are significant tensions between 'Christian' reconciliation and reconciliation in the broader Australian context. The importance of Reconciliation between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians to Catholic school teachers is articulated in the National Catholic Education Commission's Statement: Educating for Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation (1998). This document makes a strong commitment to support and encourage educators in the Catholic community to journey with Indigenous Australians and work towards reconciliation through education. Teachers in Catholic primary schools are the interface between Reconciliation, the Catholic ethos, and students.;The attitude of these teachers towards this process will have a significant bearing on how it is addressed in the school setting. The National Catholic Education Commission (1998) regards a positive and productive approach to Reconciliation is dependent on an appreciation of Indigenous Australian history. It is this link between knowledge of Indigenous Australian history and attitude towards Reconciliation that is the principle focus of this study. This investigation tested the hypothesis that teachers' knowledge of Indigenous history impacts positively on their attitude towards Reconciliation. In testing this hypothesis data on these constructs were collected via an attitude inventory and a history test, presented in questionnaire format. These research instruments were developed specifically for this investigation and administered to 100 staff from 11 Brisbane Catholic Education Primary schools. These 11 schools were those that agreed to participate from a sample of 50 schools randomly selected from within the Brisbane Diocese. The participants' scores on each of the instruments were correlated in order to test the research hypothesis and their responses to the attitude survey were subjected to factor analytic techniques to search for underlying patterns in the data. Schools differed significantly in their attitude scores and history test results, however, across the sample it was found that there was a small to moderate positive correlation between a teacher's knowledge of Indigenous history and their attitude towards Reconciliation. Participation in formal training in Indigenous history, Indigenous studies, or cultural awareness was also shown to correlate with a positive attitude towards Reconciliation.;With regards to the factor analysis, it was observed that the response patterns of participants to the Attitude survey could be grouped into five broad themes and that the highest level of agreement was observed on items relating to 'Recognition of ATSI history in Australian Culture'. The latter finding indicates that the teachers sampled considered Indigenous history an important aspect of the Reconciliation process. The correlation between history test results and attitude inventory scores supports the research hypothesis that that teachers' knowledge of Indigenous history impacts positively on their attitude towards Reconciliation. This, coupled with the observation that participation in formal training also impacts favorably on this construct, suggests steps by which teacher attitudes could be improved. These steps could include making in-service training and pre-service units focusing on Indigenous history a compulsory component of teacher education programs.
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Richardson, Niall B. "Work intensification and professionalism : A study of teachers' perceptions in the state school system in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2004. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/788.
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The past two decades have witnessed the introduction throughout much of the Western world of what has become known as economic rationalism, and for some commentators, as economic liberalism. Grounded in neoclassical economic theory, and with close kinship to the Taylorist and Fordist principles of the early decades of the twentieth century, the vision of economic rationalism has led to measures which have tended to favour the business sector in Australia. Throughout the 1990s, the focus has been on the notions of competitiveness, competition, productivity, efficiency, and profit, while the notions of the individual, and of social justice and equity, have often appeared to become correspondingly less important. As a result, there has emerged an increasing differentiation between the interests of capital and labour or, more broadly, between commercial and social interests. The differentiation is becoming increasingly stark, and one aspect which has attracted attention is that of work intensification. The thesis revolves around three research questions, related to the issue of work intensification, and with a focus on teachers. For the sake of the study, teachers arc deemed to include principals and deputy principals who, especially in smaller schools, have both teaching and administrative duties. The study examines the extent of teacher work intensification. Consequently, the first question is: "To what extent does work intensification exist amongst teachers in Western Australian State Schools?"
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McGuire, Anthony. "Pupil teachers and junior teachers in South Australian schools 1873-1965 : an historical and humanistic sociological analysis /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm148.pdf.
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Marmion, Sean W. "Students as historians history teachers' attitudes toward using primary and secondary sources /." Online access for everyone, 2005. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2005/s%5Fmarmion%5F101805.pdf.
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Whitehead, Kay. "Women's 'life-work' : teachers in South Australia, 1836-1906 /." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw592.pdf.
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Mercieca, Paul. "Teacher attitudes to approaches to teacher education in adult TESOL." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1997. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1732.
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This study looked closely at the attitudes of TESOL teachers to a range of approaches to teacher education, with particular emphasis on the role of classroom observation. The influence of pre- and in-service training and the school environment was probed through semi-structured interviews and confirmatory discussions. Participants for this qualitative study were practising TESOL teachers at the Centre for International English, Curtin University, Western Australia. The approach taken was to allow them, as far as possible, to identify issues in teacher education for themselves. At the same time, their words were used, where possible, to describe attitudes to these issues. Any categories which emerged during analysis were regarded as flexible and dynamic. The research shed useful light on the attitudes of teachers with implications for teacher educators in TESOL. It found that informants introspecting on teacher education were mainly concerned with classroom events, but also believed factors outside the classroom and teaching itself, such as personal experience, to be worthy of consideration. The range of contexts in which teacher development takes place is represented in this study as the 'Action- Reflection continuum', which covers six linked aspects. Teaching, the first aspect, is at the 'action' end of the continuum, which then moves through Observing, Being observed, Hearing and Talking about Teaching, Reading and Writing about Teaching, and finally to Personal Development, at the 'reflection' end. Within the individual aspects of teacher development a range of main factors were found to be influential. These were the degrees of experience, comfort, formality, reality, contact with others, and the appropriate balance between theory and practice. A number of clear and consistent views emerged. Teaching itself was clearly a major context for development and unobserved teaching was felt to be extremely valuable at both pre- and in-service. At the same time feedback was considered to be so crucial that some form of observation was essential and unavoidable. When teachers themselves are observed by senior staff, a range of situational factors influence the level of comfort experienced and development taking place. Clearly peer observations were felt to be valuable and less threatening in general. They were felt to be most useful at in-service level, but generally conducive to teacher development. Informants also felt that there were developmental opportunities outside the classroom, particularly of an informal nature, via workshops and other staff interactions, and via personal reflection. The findings of the study support the now strong conviction amongst many of those writing about teacher education that experiential and reflective approaches are preferable to purely behavioural. Previous findings that teachers wish to be actively involved in their own development, participating and interacting with colleagues within a framework of strong institutional support, are also vindicated. At the same time it is clear that more traditional supervisory and evaluative approaches to such matters as classroom observation are still felt to be essential.
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Méndez, Martha E. Fulk Barbara M. "Beliefs and attitudes of preservice secondary history teachers toward inclusion and collaboration." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p3087870.
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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2003.Title from title page screen, viewed November 1, 2005. Dissertation Committee: Barbara M. Fulk (chair), E. Paula Crowley, Frederick Drake, Kenneth H. Strand. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-134) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Harding, James Craig. "Teachers' conceptions of history education, a phenomenographic inquiry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0021/NQ46353.pdf.
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Garnons-Williams, Victoria. "Art teacher pre-service education : a survey of the attitudes of Queensland secondary, and tertiary art educators." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26115.
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This study compares the views of three groups of art educators - secondary, tertiary pre-service lecturers, and scholars - about the content and structure considered important in art teacher pre-service education.
Items of program content and structure, as well as issues in art-teacher preparation were gleaned from the writings of selected scholars and incorporated into a survey questionnaire. The survey was distributed to secondary art educators throughout Queensland and to art pre-service lecturers throughout Australia. An analysis of the results identifies areas and degrees of agreement and difference on items both within and between groups. The study can assist the development of art teacher pre-service programmes that reflect the values of both theoreticians and practitioners of art education.Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Lunay, Ralph G. "A study of feelings of alienation among relief teachers servicing Western Australian government metropolitan primary schools." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/659.
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It is perhaps fair to say that the relief (substitute) teacher should be viewed as an extremely important educational resource, Reviewed literature spanning the better part of twenty years indicates that in parts of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, many students spend as much as one full year (or more) of their K-12 education having curriculum delivered to them by these individuals. Unfortunately, the literature also indicates that many relief teachers are still viewed by many as less than "real" teachers in terms of perceived competence, skill and capability. In addition to this, the existence of a number of pervasive, enduring systemic problems have been identified as being present in the educational systems of the abovementioned regions, which have been seen to impact negatively on the relief teacher, making the difficult job they do, even more arduous. There is reason to hypothesise that as a result of exposure to these problems, relief teachers could be expected to suffer from feelings of alienation and further "disconnection" from tenured (or contracted) colleagues, and that this may further marginalise them from the rest of the greater educational community. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether feelings of alienation were present in relief teachers servicing Western Australian government metropolitan primary schools, and if so, what they identified as contributing to those feelings. Additionally the research attempted to ascertain what (if any) support strategies for relief teachers were actually offered by the schools that had been serviced by the subject population. The research itself was qualitative in nature, using semi-structured interviews as the main data gathering tool, with twenty "currently serving" relief teachers being interviewed. The current study established strong positive links between feelings of alienation in the subject population and exposure to a number of major systemic problems, which currently exist within the educational "system" of this state. The present research also identified a number of support strategies offered by some schools, which indicates some cognisance of the problems faced by relief teachers during the course of their work. " As a result of the research findings, several recommendations for further action emerged. Implementation of these should, logically, go some considerable way toward reducing feelings of alienation and disconnection among relief teachers, and more importantly augmenting their effectiveness as an arguably increasingly important educational resource.
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Gaujers, Regina D. "The impact of the expectations of significant others in the school setting on female leadership in physical education in Western Australian government secondary schools." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/944.
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This study investigated the impact of the expectations of significant others in the school setting on the promotional aspirations of female physical education teachers in government secondary schools in Western Australia. It explored the ways in which meanings and expectations in the school environment are constructed in relation to wider societal values and ideologies, and how they are negotiated in social settings that are characterised by both constraints and opportunities for action. Despite the equitable proportion of females and males teaching the subject, and the absence of Education Department policy constraints on female promotion since 1972, females remain significantly underrepresented at Head of Department level. In 1995, women held only two (2.7%) of the 73 substantive appointments. The critical paradigm adopted for the study and the research methodology was qualitative. The research design comprised five interrelated and sequential phases. During phase 1, preliminary data was gathered on the perceived essential skills and qualities required by Heads of Department in physical education. Phase 2 involved in-depth interviews in order to document government school female teachers' own accounts of their lives, career aspirations and the expectations of significant others in the context of the school and wider social world; and the accounts of female teachers' significant others with regard to their perceptions and expectations concerning female leadership. During Phase 3, interviews were conducted with female Heads of Department in nongovernment schools to ascertain system differences which may have led to the greater number of these women in the leadership role. Follow-up interviews with the government school female teachers were conducted during phase 4 of the study, and served to clarify and validate findings. Female physical education teachers considering applying for promotion also emerged as a sample group during the course of the study, and these women participated in a group discussion forum. The sample comprised government school female and male physical education teachers and Heads of Department of physical education and nongovernment school female Heads of Department of physical education. The study aimed to build on the findings of my previous, exploratory research regarding factors contributing to the underrepresentation of females at Head of Department level in physical education (Bloat, 1992); to sensitise the participants to the nature, construction and impact of expectations regarding female leadership; and to develop recommendations to redress the imbalance of female Heads of Department in physical education in government schools. The findings of the study confirmed that the expectations of significant others in the school setting have a powerful impact on the promotional aspirations of female physical educators. Expectations regarding the appropriateness of female leadership in physical education were constructed on the basis of individuals' interactions with the social system, characterised by a male paradigm, male dominance and male power. These expectations were communicated to female teachers by means of chauvinism; exclusion; the lower status accorded women in Physical Education Departments; the lack of both encouragement towards promotion, and female role models to demonstrate the opportunities for women; and the fact that the leadership role is more difficult for females. They impacted on the carter development of female physical educators by constraining the women's promotional aspirations. Finally, recommendations based on the findings are made primarily to the Education Department, but also to teacher education institutions and female physical educators. The suggested measures to address the problem focus on the need to move beyond mere policy change. The recognition and valuing of feminine leadership; the establishment of targets for increasing female representation; the identification and sponsorship of potential female candidates; and the introduction of a five year contract for Heads of Department are among the essential strategies needed to stimulate and nurture the promotional aspirations of female physical educators.
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O'Brien, Patrick. "A critical analysis of devolution and the corporate reform of teachers' work." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1214.
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The corporate transformation of bureaucratic public education in Western Australia commenced in the late 1980s. The reforms announced in the Better Schools Report (1987) aimed to devolve responsibility to schools for the purpose of improving the efficiency and effectiveness of public education. Designed to be responsive, adaptable, flexible and accountable, the administrative style accompanying the reforms is described as corporate managerialism. Devolution has impacted heavily on schools and teachers' work. Evidence presented in this thesis suggests that the corporate values and practices that dominate the organisation and management of schools create personal and professional conflict for many classroom teachers. Devolution and corporate managerialism have not only marginalised and in many cases alienated teachers, but failed to improve student learning. In short, the reforms aimed at improving efficiency and effectiveness have in fact created additional dilemmas and tensions for classroom teachers. Using teachers' stories this qualitative study examines the perceptions of Level Two secondary classroom teachers about the impact of corporate reforms on their work. It highlights a number of crises that exist for teachers and which threaten their sense of professional autonomy and job satisfaction. Based on the findings the study makes a number of recommendations for creating a critical, collaborative learning environment for classroom teachers.
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Moroz, Rose. "Teacher receptivity to system wide change: The introduction of student outcome statements in secondary schools in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1223.
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The study has three aims. One is to investigate teachers’ receptivity to the use of Student Outcome Statements in Western Australian government secondary schools. The dependent variable is receptivity towards the use of Student Outcome Statements and is measured in four aspects: Overall Feelings, Attitudes, Behaviour Intentions and Behaviour. Two is to investigate the relationships between receptivity, as the dependent variable and ten independent variables: non-monetary cost benefits, alleviation of fears and concerns, significant other support, feelings compared to the previous system, shared goals (shared teaching goals and cohesiveness), collaboration (team teaching, involvement in decision making and teacher collaboration) and teacher learning opportunities. Three is to investigate the relationships between receptivity and the independent variables in the context of the situation variables related to the school department and teacher. The situation variables are: school size, school location, socio-economic status, department size, department type, teacher status, teacher experience, sex, age, use of Student Outcome Statements and purpose to which Student Outcome Statements are put. The study will add to knowledge in three ways. First, it will test a model of major educational change at the beginning of the implementation stage in a centralised educational system. The model is based on existing research and combines variables from various studies including some from Western Australia and some from overseas. Second, it will provide new data on teacher receptivity to a major change in Western Australia: the use of Student Outcome Statements. Third, the study will provide advice to educational decision-makers and administrators on how best to implement system-level changes in a centralised education system. The empirical data for the study were collected using a teacher questionnaire including existing and newly developed scales. There were 126 valid questionnaires returned to the researcher from 30 different senior high schools across Western Australia. An analysis of the scales measuring each variable was undertaken using a Rasch measurement model. For each variable, the difficulties of the valid items were calibrated on the same interval level scale as the variable measures. While acceptable scales were developed and used, they could all be improved and should he further developed for any future research. A preliminary analysis of the data was undertaken to investigate teacher receptivity to the use of Student Outcome Statements. Zero-order Pearson Product-Moment correlations were calculated between the dependent variables and the group one independent variables between the dependent variables and the group two independent 'variables and the two groups of independent variables and between the dependent variables and the situation variables and were investigated using multiple regression analysis. The preliminary result indicated that 91% of teachers supported the use of Student Outcome Statements. The most significant reasons for using Student Outcome Statements were for the purpose of monitoring student achievement (96%), planning teaching and learning programmes (91%) and collecting student assessment information (84%). The group one independent, variables non-monetary cost benefits, significant other support and feelings compared to the previous system had moderate to strong positive correlations with the dependent variables (Overall Feelings, Attitudes, Behaviour Intentions and Behaviour). The group two independent variables involvement in decision-making and collaboration had a moderate positive relationship with Behaviour and team teaching had a small negative relationship with Behaviour. Teacher learning opportunities had a small positive relationship with Overall Feeling, Attitudes and Behaviour Intentions. Involvement in decision-making and collaboration had a small positive relationship with Behaviour Intentions. Cohesiveness had a small positive relationship with Attitudes and team teaching had a small negative relationship with Attitudes. Involvement in decision-making had a small positive relationship with Overall Feelings. There was no relationship between the dependent variables and the situation variables. All the group one and group two independent variables together explained 59% of the variance in Behaviour Intentions, 48% of the variance in Attitudes, 50% of the variance in Behaviour Intentions and 40% of the variance in Behaviour. The situation variables did not account for any significant variance in the dependent variables. The implication of these results for the theory of system-wide educational change in a centralised system such as Western Australia and for education administrators are discussed.
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Sendziuk, Paul 1974. "Learning to trust : a history of Australian responses to AIDS." Monash University, School of Historical Studies, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9264.
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Featherstone, Lisa. "Breeding and feeding: a social history of mothers and medicine in Australia, 1880-1925." Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/38533.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Humanities, Department of Modern History, 2003.Bibliography: p. 417-478.
Introduction: breeding and feeding -- The medical man: sex, science and society -- Confined: women and obstetrics 1880-1899 -- The kindest cut? The caesarean section as turning point -- Reproduction in decline -- Resisting reproduction: women, doctors and abortion -- From obstetrics to paediatrics: the rise of the child -- The breast was best: medicine and maternal breastfeeding -- The deadly bottle and the dangers of the wet nurse: the "artificial" feeding of infants -- Surveillance and the mother -- Mothers and medicine: paradigms of continuity and change.
The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries saw profound changes in Australian attitudes towards maternity. Imbibed with discourses of pronatalism and eugenics, the production of infants became increasingly important to society and the state. Discourses proliferated on "breeding", and while it appeared maternity was exulted, the child, not the mother, was of ultimate interest. -- This thesis will examine the ways wider discourses of population impacted on childbearing, and very specifically the ways discussions of the nation impacted on medicine. Despite its apparent objectivity, medical science both absorbed and created pronatalism. Within medical ideology, where once the mother had been the point of interest, the primary focus of medical care, increasingly medical science focussed on the life of the infant, who was now all the more precious in the role of new life for the nation. -- While all childbirth and child-rearing advice was formed and mediated by such rhetoric, this thesis will examine certain key issues, including the rise of the caesarean section, the development of paediatrics and the turn to antenatal care. These turning points can be read as signifiers of attitudes towards women and the maternal body, and provide critical material for a reading of the complexities of representations of mothers in medical discourse.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Howard, Peter T., of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Education. "Primary teacher's attitudes toward the student use of calculators in primary (kindergarten-year 6) mathematics classes." THESIS_FE_XXX_Howard_P.xml, 1991. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/133.
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The last fifteen years has seen an increase in the availability of calculators for use by schools and students. Educational authorities in Australia, the United States of America and the United Kingdom have come to recommend the student use of calculators from Kindergarten upwards. This recommendation has attracted continuing controversy, specifically regarding the use of, calculators in primary schools. Such controversy prompts an important question: What views do primary teachers themselves hold on this issue? This report examined the findings of a study into primary teachers' present attitudes toward the student use of calculators in primary mathematics classes. Data were collected from a questionnaire administered during 1990 to a sample of teachers undertaking their fourth year of study for a Bachelor of Education (Primary) at three university campuses in New South Wales, Australia. Those teachers who supported the primary student use of calculators believed that calculators are a technological tool for use in mathematics, that they increase childrens' confidence, they take the focus off computation in doing problems and that children use them outside the classroom. It was found that of these teachers, 55% supported the introduction of calculators before the end of Year 2. A total of 4% did not support their use at all in primary mathematics classes. This study concluded that there was not overall support from primary teachers for the introduction of the calculator into Kindergarten as recommended in the National Statement on the use of Calculators for Mathematics in Australian SchoolsMaster of Education
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Johnston, Weldon Byron, of Western Sydney Nepean University, and Faculty of Education. "The relationship between senior primary school teachers' attitudes, knowledge and participation with respect to physical activity and their students' cardiovascular fitness levels." THESIS_FE_XXX_Johnston_W.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/374.
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One of the multitude of factors that can influence the cardiovascular components of children's health related fitness is the classroom teacher's knowledge of attitudes toward and personal participation rate with repect to physical activity. This study explored the possibility of a relationship existing between these teacher variables and children's health-related fitness levels. Nineteen Year Five and Year Six teachers from four suburban Sydney primary schools completed a physical activity attitudinal survey designed to ascertain their background knowledge of minimum physical activity requirements, their involvement rates, both as partcipants and as leaders of physical activity and their attitudes toward physical activity. A physical activity questionnaire was completed by 509 students in classes taught by the nineteen teachers. Results of survey and questionnaire are given and the issue is explored in some depthMaster of Education (Hons)
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Johnson, Valerie. "Drama teaching: Understanding what we do." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2002. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/732.
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Drama teaching in secondary schools in Western Australia has become an increasingly complex discipline in recent years. This study has considered the work of Drama teachers from the point of view of those practising the discipline, using a phenomenological methodology which allowed the voices of the participants to be heard directly. In the discussion, consideration is given to the way in which these teachers practice the dynamic which is drama, are influenced by the art form of theatre, and deliver the school subject, Drama.
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Day, Lori. "Personal interest in history and the social sciences and attitudes toward teaching in secondary social studies teachers." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Hands, Beth P. "Measurement of teacher attitude to direct instruction." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1993. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1140.
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This study investigates teacher attitude towards a teaching innovation, Direct Instruction. In particular, it is concerned with what aspects of this teaching strategy affect a teacher's decision to implement the method and the relationship between experience with Direct Instruction and teacher attitude. A repeated measures, pretest-posttest design was employed to assess participants' attitude before and after viewing a video demonstrating the teaching method, Direct Instruction. The 40 item Attitude towards Direct Instruction (AD I) scale comprised 30 items derived from a questionnaire designed by Proctor (1989) in addition to ten new items created especially for the study. The scoring function comprised the familiar Likert rating format using five response categories; Strongly Agree, Agree, Not Sure (NS), Disagree, and Strongly Disagree. Data was collected from two sample groups. The first group, or 'change' sample, comprised 144 primary trained teachers and was used to assess the degree of attitude change between the pretest and posttest occasion. The second group, referred to as the 'control sample', comprised 275 third year education students at Edith Cowan University and was included in the study to assess the influence of the NS response category on the precision of the measuring instrument as well as forming part of the calibration sample. Item analyses were conducted on the ADI scale using the extended model of Rasch, an important measurement model for assessing the psychometric properties of items with ordered categories. Due to the nature of the change sample, which included teachers with no experience with Direct Instruction, it was necessary to include the NS category despite the knowledge that it can cause problems of a measurement nature. By assessing threshold order across all items it was shown that the NS category could be employed during the initial data collection but that any responses obtained had to be suppressed and changed to missing data in the data file if the subsequent analyses were to be effective. A final instrument comprising 19 items demonstrated sound psychometric properties with high reliability and person separation capabilities; Graphical procedures, which took account of the special features of the measurement model, were used to investigate item bias (as part of the calibration of the instrument) as well as attitude change. In both cases, the plots provided an effective and simple interpretation of information as inconsistencies amongst both items and people were readily identified. The relationship between attitude change, as a result of the demonstration of Direct Instruction, and prior teacher experience with the method was also obtained from an examination of plot shifts across the calibration range. Generally, teachers were more likely to have a negative attitude towards Direct Instruction if they had never taught the method. They perceived Direct Instruction to be too teacher oriented and highly structured. On the other hand, teachers were more likely to have a positive attitude towards Direct Instruction if they had had the opportunity to use it. They saw Direct Instruction as effective, easy to use, and versatile.
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Gill, Judith. "Differences in the making : the construction of gender in Australian schooling /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg4753.pdf.
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Gardiner, Diane. "A historical analysis of the construction of education as an area of study at university-level in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. Graduate School of Education, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0183.
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[Truncated abstract] This thesis develops an understanding of how, historically, Education as an area of study (Education) has been constructed at each of the five universities in the State of Western Australia. The motivation for the study was the claim made by some academics that historically Education has been marginalised in certain universities in the UK, the USA and Australia, and that this marginalisation was intensified by a negative attitude towards its association with teacher preparation. Very little evidence, however, has been put forward to support this claim, thus highlighting a major neglected area of research. This thesis is a response to such neglect in relation to the situation in one state in Australia. The focus of the thesis is on the 'preactive curriculum' as represented in the plans and syllabi that outline what was included in programs and courses. An 'internal' analysis of relevant documents was conducted along with an 'external' analysis which considered the broader social, economic and political context. It was recognised that a study of the 'interactive curriculum' also needs to be conducted to gain insights into how the 'preactive curriculum' was mediated by lecturers and students. From the outset, however, it was deemed that this would constitute a further major study in itself. ... The most prominent were the 'academic', 'integrated', 'vocational', 'technical', 'pragmatic' and 'professional' orientations. The content of Education at the five universities also varied. Such variation offered breadth of opportunity for students. It also meant that, collectively, the universities served the needs of the State and their students by providing relevant and flexible curricula beyond what would have been possible in a 'one size fits all' model. Furthermore the claim that there was tension regarding the inclusion of 'Education' as an area of study within Australian universities generally, is not upheld for the Western Australian context. While this thesis contributes to an understanding of how, historically, Education as an area of study has been constructed in one State in Australia, much further research remains to be done in this field of curriculum history. In particular, future research could focus on the way in which Education, along with other areas of university study, have been constructed in the other states of Australia and overseas. The identification of areas of contestation and omissions from courses are also worthy of consideration. Finegrained studies of this nature could collectively make an important contribution to the understanding of the history of developments in the university curriculum at a macro level. Such work would, in the fullness of time, contribute to new understandings about institutionalised learning at tertiary level and provide historical insights to inform current practice as universities continue to try to find their way in a global society.
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Lyle, Jessica. "The reality of reform : teachers reflecting on curriculum reform in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/698.
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Australia is implementing its first national curriculum, the Australian Curriculum, after many years of debate regarding the validity and practicality of such an undertaking. Although it is widely accepted that “the effects of education policies and programs depend chiefly on what teachers make of them” (Cohen & Ball, 1990, p. 233), little is known about teachers’ perceptions of the Australian Curriculum or their prior experiences of mandatory curriculum reform as they begin engaging with this unique reform. To provide a means of exploring these perceptions and experiences, 18 teachers, four Head of Learning Areas (HOLAs) and the principal from a regional high school in Western Australia (WA) were asked to reflect on their experiences with curriculum change in general, and the Australian Curriculum in particular. This occurred at different points throughout 2011/12 giving an insight into ‘what they will make of’ the Australian Curriculum.
Four lenses of typical experiences and perceptions emerged during the study. These lenses are presented as four composite narratives that show the depth and breadth of the curriculum reform experience for the participants. Results indicated that the participants were yet to experience mandated curriculum reform in WA they perceived to be successful. Dispositions towards reform were both being effected by such past experiences and affecting reactions to current experiences. Peer support was demonstrated to be a safety net for the participants in the absence of clear guidelines and resources. Additional to those absent needs, the participants conveyed a need for greater prescription accompanying the AC in this clime of frequent and increasingly accountability focused mandated reform.
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Wakefield, Lynette Florence, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Workplace education and training: Are Tafe teachers prepared for their evolving roles?" Deakin University, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.103545.
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Yoo, Joanne. "A narrative landscape of a teacher's perception of the 'other' in a Korean Christian University : the courage to 'be' and to learn." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4132.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of EducationThe teaching and learning field has been renowned for being a rapidly changing and multifaceted environment. Moreover, being both intensely personal and public, the process of cultivating, discovering and relaying knowledge has also been influenced from a wide range of participating individuals to the broader groups in society. Such numerous possibilities for interaction have highlighted the difficulty of defining ‘good’ teaching and learning, especially considering the growing objectivism of modern day value systems. An increasing number of educators have thereby responded to this confusion by returning to more fundamental and holistic views of ‘knowing’ the ‘other.’ Such rising concerns for holistic teaching and learning practices represent many exciting possibilities for developments towards authenticity and autonomy, as teachers become responsible explorers of their profession. The current study is an autoethnography of my own teaching experiences at a small Korean Christian University. It captures my desires to develop greater sensitivity and empathy as a critical teacher practitioner, and further documents efforts to acquire aesthetic and creative skills as a writer. Ultimately, through my experiences as a teacher researcher, I have sought to develop a deeper picture of the knowing process as a rich and mutual dialogue between the 'knower' and the 'other.’ To do this, I have constructed eight stories based on my teaching experiences. The first describes the reflections accompanying my experiences of writing, whilst the next three involve narrative portrayals of certain striking colleagues and students. The following two stories convey the ‘faith’ and ‘acceptance’ experienced through the study, and the last two act as a form of reflective closure to the overall teaching and researching experience Since I believed that the symbolic and holistic nature of story writing could convey the depth, complexity and open-endedness of the knowing process, I have chosen narratives and reflective writing to capture and depict my experiences (Van Manen, 1997). Interviews and journals writing of my students and my colleagues have also been included to further explore these ideas. Accordingly, this current study seeks to portray a view of 'knowing' that enables teachers and students to become co-researchers, who can cultivate sensitivity, creativity and empathy towards the 'other.’
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Oliveira, Nuno Matos. "Teachers' experiences with disengagement in physical education classes at secondary school level in the Perth Metropolitan Area." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1274.
Full textAbstract:
Students’ disengagement from school has been one of the major concerns in educational research (Fredricks, Blumenfeld, & Paris, 2004). According to researchers (Alexander et al., 1997; Finn & National Center for Education Statistics, 1993; Finn & Rock, 1997; Finn & Voelkl, 1993; Fredricks & Blumenfeld et al., 2004) the more disengaged the students are, the more likely they will be to fail academically and ultimately drop out. Although researchers have already identified several risk factors that can influence students’ engagement (Fulton, 2007; Lee & Burkam, 2003; Newmann, 1992), very few studies have explored teachers’ views of this educational issue. The same seems to be the case in Physical Education where the curriculum has been identified as one of the major factors that influences students’ enagagement (Alexander, 2008; Cothran & Ennis, 1998; Garn & Cothran 2006; Rikard & Banville, 2006; Salee, 2000; Supaporn & Griffin, 1998; Smith & Parr, 2007), However, few studies have given voice to teachers in this matter. Thus, this research sought to explore the way Physical Education teachers experience students’ disengagement at the class level and to ascertain their awareness of some of the educational issues addressed in the literature.
This research used a qualitative approach within an interpretivist theoretical framework, studying a total of four public schools and fourteen PE teachers. The data collection was conducted through individual semi-structured interviews which were guided by a theme list and recorded in a digital format. The data analysis consisted of coding the transcripts into different categories, identifying meaningful patterns.
The analysis of the data collected resulted in three main findings. Firstly, results showed that participants failed to recognize some of the factors identified in the literature that typically influence engagement. This compromised their interventions and therefore their ability to re-engage students in PE. Secondly, participants focused their pedagogical adjustments at the lesson level and not at the curriculum level. Thirdly, teachers were more focused on the processes of learning than on learning outcomes themselves. They were aware of their short- and long-term goals but acknowledged that they could not achieve either of them due to a range of factors, including curriculum limitations.
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何純連 and Shun-lin Ho. "Online teacher professional development (TPD): a case study of TPD provided by the Hong Kong EducationCity for secondary school history teachers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31256260.
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Dewey, Elizabeth. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEACHER ATTITUDES TOWARD FLORIDA HISTORY AND THE METHODS AND MATERIALS THE TEACHERS USE TO TEACH FLORID." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3844.
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Reacting to an impression that history is not viewed as significant as other curricular subjects such as reading, math, or science, there were multiple purposes for this research: first, to document the attitudes of the fourth grade teachers in one county in Florida towards the subject of Florida history. The teachers' perceptions of the importance of the topic to and for the students, to the administration, and to them personally was surveyed in addition to the perceived preparation of the teachers to teach Florida History. The second purpose was to ascertain the perception of fourth grade teachers regarding preference and efficacy of their methods; third, to discern the teachers' views as to the effectiveness and value of the available materials; fourth, to determine the amount of instructional time devoted to the teaching of Florida History; and fifth, to discover if there is any correlation between teacher attitudes toward Florida History and the methods and materials that they use to teach the subject. Eighty-eight of the 210 fourth grade teachers employed in the county during the research interval responded to a survey that was part Likert scale and part fill-in. The results of this research were in agreement with the premise that teachers perceive themselves as unprepared to teach history; however, the teachers of this county thought that Florida History was important to and for their students, the administration and them personally. Although the teachers advocated the use of constructivist approaches to teaching Florida History such as cooperative learning, student projects, and role-playing, the majority of the teachers utilized lecture as their predominant instructional method due to insufficient classroom instructional time (only one in five teachers included Florida History in the daily schedule). The textbook was the leading material of choice overwhelming tradebooks, computer software, and videos. Although there was a relationship discovered between the teachers' attitudes and the methods they espoused, there was no relationship between the teachers' attitudes and the materials they employed to teach Florida History.Ed.D.
Department of Educational Studies
Education
Curriculum and Instruction
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Leitao, Natalie C. "Teacher-student relationships in primary schools in Perth." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/196.
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This study investigated teacher-student relationships at Perth metropolitan schools in Western Australia. From the literature, three key social and emotional aspects that affect teacher-student relationships, namely, Connectedness, Availability and Communication, were identified as important to good, positive teacher-student relationships. Data were collected in four parts: (1) through a teacher questionnaire; (2) through a student questionnaire; (3) through teacher interviews; and (4) through student interviews. The three relationship aspects formed the structure of a teacher questionnaire in which ten stem-items were conceptualised from easy to hard - four stem-items for Connectedness, three for Availability, and three for Communication - and answered in three perspectives: (1) an idealistic attitude, this is what I would like to happen; (2) a self-perceived Capability, this is what I am capable of, and (3) Actual Behaviour, this is what actually happens, using three ordered response categories: not at all or some of the time (score 1), most of the time (score 2), and almost always (score 3). The same three aspects formed the structure of a student questionnaire in which ten stem-items were conceptualised from easy to hard and answered in two perspectives: (1)a realistic view, this is what does happen; and (2) an idealistic view, this is what I wish would happen. Questionnaire data were collected from 43 primary teachers concerning 139 teacher-student relationships and 139 primary school students. Interview data were collected from 25 primary teachers and 139 students gave either, or both, a brief written comment and some verbal answers to relationship questions.
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Alpaslan, Mustafa. "Prospective Elementary Mathematics Teachers'." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613610/index.pdf.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of year in teacher education program and gender on prospective elementary mathematics teachers&rsquoknowledge of history of mathematics and their attitudes and beliefs towards the use of history of mathematics in the teaching and learning of mathematics. Moreover, the relationship between prospective teachers&rsquo
knowledge of history of mathematics and their attitudes and beliefs about the history of mathematics usage was examined. The data of the study were obtained from 1593 prospective teachers who were enrolled in first, second, third, and fourth years of Elementary Mathematics Education undergraduate program of nine universities located in seven geographical regions of Turkey through clustered random sampling. The scales used in the data collection were Knowledge of History of Mathematics (KHM) Test and Attitudes and Beliefs towards the Use of History of Mathematics in Mathematics Education (ABHME) Questionnaire. The two-way ANOVA results clarified that prospective teachers&rsquo
knowledge of history of mathematics improved as the years enrolled in the program increased. Results also revealed that males had significantly higher mean scores on KHM Test than females in the first two years of the program. In the third and fourth years, this situation reversed such that females had higher KHM mean scores, but this difference was not statistically significant. Results also showed that prospective teachers&rsquo
ABHME mean scores increased as years of enrollment in the program increased. More clearly, senior prospective teachers&rsquo
relevant mean scores were significantly higher than that of freshmen and sophomores, and juniors&rsquo
attitudes and beliefs were significantly higher than that of freshmen. In addition, females&rsquo
ABHME mean scores were significantly higher than that of males for all years. Lastly, a positive correlation between prospective elementary mathematics teachers&rsquo
KHM mean scores and ABHME mean scores was found through Pearson product-moment correlation analysis.
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Ho, Man-shek, and 何文石. "History teacher's beliefs in their interpretation of NSS liberal studies curriculum: how do the teachingbeliefs of history teachers affect their interpretation of the NSS LScurriculum?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50178362.
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This research aims at finding out the effects of teaching beliefs of History teachers in interpreting NSS Liberal Studies curriculum. Using autoethnography as the research methodology, the researcher, as a novice History teacher, reflected on his curriculum interpretation in comparison to other LS teachers in his context. This self-narrative is then compared with another History teacher's curriculum interpretation in its respective context.
The findings of the research identified some common features between the two History teachers in LS curriculum interpretation. They are more likely to highlight the importance of socio-historical context to an issue and transfer from History studies the training of source interpretation skills and argument formation of students and the expertise towards political concepts in the Liberal Studies curriculum. This subjective curriculum interpretation forms the perceived LS curriculum of History teachers.
Moreover, the subjective curriculum interpretation is a dynamic process. Individual teacher’s beliefs dynamically balance and rebalance factors in context, between a spectrum from individual teacher’s belief to socio-cultural contextual demands and constrains.
Lastly, the complexity in the socio-cultural context correlates to the extent of manifestation of individual teacher’s belief in the subjective Liberal Studies curriculum interpretation. Between the two History teachers, the History teacher, who was situated in a more individualistic and cooperative context, transferred much more teaching beliefs in interpreting Liberal Studies curriculum. On the contrary, another History teacher projected limited teaching beliefs in LS curriculum situation. The more collaborative context leveled individual teacher’s teaching belief. Teacher’s belief is a moderator in context.published_or_final_version
Education
Master
Master of Education
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Standen, Richard Phillip, and standen@hn ozemail com au. "The Interplay Between Teachers' Beliefs and Practices in a Multi-Age Primary School." Griffith University. School of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030730.102127.
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The purpose of the research documented in this thesis is to investigate how one particular approach to groupings in one primary school, commonly referred to as multi-age, enables and constrains the practices and actions of its individual teachers. This study is located in a literature that examines the potential that beliefs and belief systems offer for understanding how teachers make sense of, and respond to particular educational contexts. It will be of particular interest to the community of scholars who are investigating the uptake of curriculum innovations in the classrooms of individual practitioners. The philosophical framework underpinning multi-age schooling is significantly different from that operating within the traditional lock-step system. The conventional school organisation has the child move through a predetermined curriculum at a fixed pace, whereas multi-age classes require that teachers focus on needs-based teaching, thus adapting the curriculum to suit the individual student. As a result of this shift in emphasis, it has been common for teachers in multi-age schools to experience dilemmas caused by the dissonance between their own and the schools assumptions about teaching, learning, knowledge and social relations. However, this clash of individuals beliefs and mandated practices is an under-researched area of scholarship particularly within multi-age settings, and is thus the focus of the present research. A framework based on the construct of beliefs and belief systems was used for understanding the personal and idiosyncratic nature of a teachers practice. Such a framework proposes that beliefs can be classified in terms of personal assumptions about self, relationships, knowledge, change and teaching and learning. These classifications, rather than being discrete dimensions acting in isolation, tend to be organised into a coherent and interdependent belief system or orientation. The notion of orientation was found to be a suitable framework within which to investigate the interplay between beliefs and practices over a two year period in one school context that is likely to provide challenges and opportunities for professional growth and development. Because the study focused upon the beliefs and practices of six teachers in a multi-age setting, elements of a qualitative approach to research were employed. The research design adopted for this study is grounded in an interpretative approach which looks for culturally derived and historically situated interpretations of the social world. Within this framework a case-study approach to research was used so as to reveal the interplay between the teachers beliefs and practices. The study found that the concept of orientations provides a suitable framework for understanding the personal and idiosyncratic nature of a teachers beliefs and practices. It was evident that beliefs about self, relationships, knowledge and change were highly significant in shaping the essential nature of teachers orientations. It was found that a summary label, based on these four beliefs, could be used to define the thematic nature of each teachers orientation. These recognisably different labels demonstrated that each teachers four beliefs were not just a pattern, but also a thematically defined pattern. It was also found that whilst some beliefs are thematically central other beliefs are not inherently thematic but are influenced in thematically derived ways. It was the configuration of these core/secondary beliefs that highlighted the importance of investigating belief combinations rather than discrete belief dimensions when attempting to understand the teacher as a person. It was also concluded that the teachers orientations in this study structured their practice in a way that was personal and internally consistent, indicating the dynamic coupling of beliefs and practices. It was clear that individual orientations, shaped by core beliefs, framed the challenges and possibilities that the multi-age ethos offered in varied and personal ways. In addition, the study found that the patterns of, and reasons for, change were complex and therefore it is unlikely that professional in-service will succeed if based on only one of the models of change proposed in the literature. The teachers in this study did not experience dilemmas as dichotomous situations but rather as complex and interrelated challenges to their whole belief system. Not all the teachers in this study approached the challenge of change in the same way. It was evident that individuals had constructed their own narrative for the need to change, and that this orientation tended to dominate the self-improvement agenda. Finally, this study demonstrated that not only the educational consequences of an innovation need to be taken into account, but also how well it is implemented in each classroom, and how compatible each teachers orientation is with the ethos underpinning the innovation.
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Haig, Yvonne G. "Teacher perceptions of student speech." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1030.
Full textAbstract:
Although language variation is widespread and natural,it is subject to judgement. Where a standard language has developed, other varieties tend to be judged against its "standards". While a number of overseas studies have found that this type of linguistic bias occurs in education and negatively impacts on dialect speakers, there has been little research in Australia. The research reported in this thesis investigates how teachers perceive the speech of school-aged students and whether the socio-economic status or level of schooling of the students influence these perceptions. Further, it examines the relationships between the teachers' background, the way they define Standard Australian English, their attitude to language variation and the way they perceive student speech. The research was undertaken as three separate but related studies. Thirty six teachers from twelve different schools were involved - three teachers from four different schools (n=l2) participating in each of the three studies. In Study One, the teachers kept observational notes on the problems they identified in their students' speech for a period of a week. In Study Two, the teachers participated in school-based focus groups to discuss those features they deemed to be problematic in their students' speech. In Study Three, the teachers ranked tape-recorded samples of speech from students who were not known to them. All the teachers provided background information, wrote their own definition of Standard Australian English and completed a questionnaire about their attitude to language variation in general and to the use of particular variants of English. The teachers in the three studies identified aspects of pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and language use as problematic in student speech. The teachers' judgement of what was problematic and their perception of what caused these problems differed according to the socio-economic status of the students. Many of the features teachers identified as problematic were variants of Australian English. The teachers of low SES students tended to see this variation as evidence of their students' language deficiency and to be the result of their "restricted" backgrounds. The teachers of high SES students identified fewer problems in their students' speech and tended to view variation as developmental, inappropriately informal use of language or the result of deterioration in "standards". The teachers' perceptions of speech also varied according to the year level they were teaching. These perceptions reflected the teachers' own backgrounds, their personal definitions of Standard Australian English, their own "idealised" speech and their view of the relative status of Australian accents. The written form of the language also greatly influenced the teachers' perceptions of student speech. The results of this research have important implications for pedagogy, particularly in relation to equity and social justice. In an education system which increasingly relies on teacher judgements to assess the progress of students, the often negative influence of factors related to a student's background should be of serious concern. A failure to recognise the impact of non-standard features in speech on the educational opportunities and achievements of students would compromise their basic rights and limit the social and economic contributions they would otherwise be able to make.
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Pearce, Michelle. "Towards inclusive standards." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2008. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/241.
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The context of this study is the inclusion of students with dillabilities in secondary schools. The introduction of legislation in the United States and Australia has resulted in large numbers of students with disabilities being included in regular classes by subject teachers. Inclusion in secondary schools has proved especially challenging to teachers. Reviews and research highlight the need for teacher training. but do not specify the knowledge and skills that teachers need to become inclusive. It has been proposed that professional teaching standards have the potential to guide preservice and inservice training. Before standards could be assessed for their inclusivity, however, it was necessary to identify the knowledge, skills and attributes of inclusive secondary school teachers and how they could be acquired.
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Chia, Steven Puay Chong. "An investigation into student and teacher perceptions of, and attitudes towards, the use of information communications technologies to support digital forms of summative performance assessment in the applied information technology and engineering studies courses in Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1806.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the connections between teachers’ and students’ perceptions of, and attitudes towards, the use of Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) to support assessment in senior secondary courses in Western Australia, and the feasibility of such support in various forms. This investigation focused on the main characteristics of these perceptions, and attitudes and their relationships with curriculum, pedagogy, assessment and ICT. The findings provide guidelines for educators in using ICT to support summative performance assessment. My study was part of the main research study undertaken by Edith Cowan University (ECU) and the Curriculum Council of Western Australia (CCWA) and will provides significant clarity into the implementation of ICT support for performance assessment employing practices which characterise practical performance in digital forms. It was in the range of teacher and student perceptions and attitudes that this study added knowledge to the practice of digital forms of assessment.
The overall intent was to design, cultivate and implement the best assessment task possible to measure the practical performance of students in Engineering Studies and Applied Information Technology (AIT). Therefore, it was also necessary to evaluate the feasibility of this task and factors that would affect feasibility such as perceptions and attitudes of particpants. To achieve this the study needed to gather data in various forms from a wide variety of sources that would allow triangluation of data analysis. Qualitative data were gathered from a student survey where a set of measurements scales were constructed. Quantitative data were assembled from observation and discussion with teachers before, during and after schools’ visits, from open-ended items in the student survey section and from teacher interview responses. In addition small groups of students were assembled into discussion forums and responses to a series of questions were recorded and analysed.
A number of critical thresholds had been reached to underpin the relevance and importance of research into aspects of the use of ICT to support summative assessment. Firstly the growth in access to, and improvements, in ICT services has enabled this emergent area of digital assessment or e-assessment (JISC, 2006). However, this growth is not sufficient justification for the investigation and implementation of digital forms of assessment. The research is justified when this growth in ICT is combined with the increasing use of ICT to improve pedagogical practices; the employment of ICT to improve productivity in education; and the need to effectively and efficiently assess the practical performance of students in a large number of contexts. It was likely that the development of techniques to represent student performance in digital forms would assist the addressing of these imperatives. Whether these techniques were successful would depend on a number of influences including the attitudes and perceptions of students and teachers.
When accountability and efficiency are called upon comparisions are often made with non-ICT strategies. These controlled experiment approaches can prove problematic due to ethical and political questions arising with non-ICT groups. The inherent assumptions to computer use in exams contexts are still conducted using pen and paper. In addition their lack of or slow uptake of ICT and the believed that curriculum will remain unchanged despite the introduction of ICT to support. Therefore this study took an ethnographic, rather than experimental approach, but sought to make comparisons between two key stakeholders; teachers and students. In line with the larger study of which this study was a part, data were collected using observation, interview, survey and document analysis. Analysis and interpretation included the application of a feasibility framework and case study comparison. The adoption of the Concerns Based Adoption Model (CBAM) or models based upon CBAM as an instrument to analyse data was employed in the case studies. The feasibility framework comprised four interrelated and complex parameters Manageability, Technical, Functional and Pedgogical dimensions is described in chapter eight of this study.
It was evident from the research data, that students’ and teachers’ positive attutudes towards the computer-based performance exams and their beliefs in the value of ICT for assessment and all these intrinsic factors were fundamental to the feasibility of the implementation of digital forms of assessment in both Engineering Studies and AIT. From research data it was evident the application of ICT increasingly permeates students’ and teachers’ work and life, and their attitudes towards interaction with computer systems was a major factor in the success of digital forms of assessments in practical performance tasks. This was the focus and the background for this study.
This study found that students in both the Engineering studies and AIT case studies attempted the assessment tasks with enthusiasm, however the AIT assessments were perceived a little more positively by students and teachers than the Engineering studies assessment. Assessment tasks worked best where the approach was familiar to students. This occurred for almost all cases in AIT, but not for Engineering although approach was relatively similar there were logisitical constraints in organising time to complete the tasks and in some cases technical in running the software on school workstations or accessing online systems through school networks. In a number of schools changes had to be mads to standard operating systems to allow software to run off USB thumb drives, video to be viewed, Flash applications to run within Internet browsers and sound to be recorded. Overall the study found that the benefits of digital forms of assessment implemented outweighted the constraints for both the Engineering studies and AIT course. In particular students’ and teachers’ responses were overwhelmingly postive due to the practical nature of the work in all assessment tasks. Generally they perferred this form of assessment to paper-based assessments.
This study has added to existing knowledge on the implementing of digital forms of assessment, in particular to both the Engineering Studies and AIT, and in general to secondary senior courses in Western Australian (WA) schools.
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Turnell, Sean. "Monetary reformers, amateur idealists and Keynesian crusaders Australian economists' international advocacy, 1925-1950 /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/76590.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Economic and Financial Studies, Dept. of Economics, 1999.Bibliography: p. 232-255.
Introduction -- Cheap money and Ottawa -- The World Economic Conference -- F.L. McDougall -- The beginnings of the 'employment approach' -- Coombs and consolidation -- Bretton Woods -- An international employment agreement -- The 'employment approach' reconsidered -- The Keynesian 'revolution' in Australia -- Conclusion.
Between 1925 and 1950, Australian economists embarked on a series of campaigns to influence international policy-making. The three distinct episodes of these campaigns were unified by the conviction that 'expansionary' economic policies by all countries could solve the world's economic problems. As well as being driven by self-interest (given Australia's dependence on commodity exports), the campaigns were motivated by the desire to promote economic and social reform on the world stage. They also demonstrated the theoretical skills of Australian economists during a period in which the conceptual instruments of economic analysis came under increasing pressure. -- The purpose of this study is to document these campaigns, to analyse their theoretical and policy implications, and to relate them to current issues. Beginning with the efforts of Australian economists to persuade creditor nations to enact 'cheap money' policies in the early 1930s, the study then explores the advocacy of F.L. McDougall to reconstruct agricultural trade on the basis of nutrition. Finally, it examines the efforts of Australian economists to promote an international agreement binding the major economic powers to the pursuit of full employment. -- The main theses advanced in the dissertation are as follows: Firstly, it is argued that these campaigns are important, neglected indicators of the theoretical positions of Australian economists in the period. Hitherto, the evolution of Australian economic thought has been interpreted almost entirely on the basis of domestic policy advocacy, which gave rise to the view that Australian economists before 1939 were predominantly orthodox in theoretical outlook and policy prescriptions. However, when their international policy advocacy is included, a quite different picture emerges. Their efforts to achieve an expansion in global demand were aimed at alleviating Australia's position as a small open economy with perennial external sector problems, but until such international policies were in place, they were forced by existing circumstances to confine their domestic policy advice to orthodox, deflationary measures. -- Secondly, the campaigns make much more explicable the arrival and dissemination of the Keynesian revolution in Australian economic thought. A predilection for expansionary and proto-Keynesian policies, present within the profession for some time, provided fertile ground for the Keynesian revolution when it finally arrived. Thirdly, by supplying evidence of expansionary international policies, the study provides a corrective to the view that Australia's economic interaction with the rest of the world has largely been one of excessive defensiveness. -- Originality is claimed for the study in several areas. It provides the first comprehensive study of all three campaigns and their unifying themes. It demonstrates the importance to an adequate account of the period of the large amount of unpublished material available in Australian archives. It advances ideas and policy initiatives that have hitherto been ignored, or only partially examined, in the existing literature. And it provides a new perspective on Australian economic thought and policy in the inter-war years.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
255 p
37
Knight, Raymond. "The interplay of formal and informal rule systems in government primary schools." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1996. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/951.
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The aim of this dissertation is to examine the effects of regulation upon the practice and behaviour of teachers within a bureaucratic educational organisation. More specifically, the study had been designed to understand how teachers make sense of the rules and regulations of their organisation and identify strategies that they apply to make these rules serve these interests. The rule system theory of Swedish sociologist, Burns and Flam, was employed to inform the study. Thirty teachers, employed at two school sites, were included in this qualitative study. The initial data were collected by questionnaires and a survey of formal rules. From this initial population a stratified sample of fourteen people was selected for interview. Eight subjects were interviewed a second time. The data collected by these means was coded according to its correspondence to the research questions raised for the study. The most significant finding arising from this study was that teachers' knowledge and level of consciousness of the rules and regulations were minimal. Information that they did have was gained through immersion in their workplace and contained a great deal of informal or cultural lore, based upon approximations of the actual regulations The teachers tended to rely on the principal of the school for information about what was permissible and what was not, including role reference direction. All of the teachers interviewed reported that they had an obligation to work within the rules and regulations, even though, as indicated above, they were not aware of the specifics of the formal rule system. A second significant finding related to the responses of the school administrators. Unlike the teachers, their knowledge of the rules was comprehensive but they reported that they often ‘interpreted' the regulation seeking the 'spirit rather than the 'letter' of the rule. They all reported that they believed the rules to be out-dated and, in many cases, irrelevant. Some of the administrators interviewed reported negative attitudes towards the regulations, bordering on contempt in one case the principals reported that they disregarded many of the rules when they felt impeded by them. The only exceptions were rules that carried negative sanctions for non-compliance. Therefore, much of the school level regulation was based on approximations of the official rules and regulations developed by the principal, who assured compliance amongst their staff. It is clear from this study that descriptions of schools as rule governed institutions are oversimplifications of how the formal and informal rule systems, as suggested by Burns and Flam, serve to steer bureaucratic organisations. Senior administrators use the formal rules to establish and bolster their power and authority; at the same time they use considerable discretion in applying or ignoring official rules in order to accomplish what they determine is in the interests of the school.
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Campbell, Coral, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Science education in primary schools in a state of change." Deakin University, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050815.101333.
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Through a longitudinal study of one teacher's science teaching practice set in the context of her base school, this thesis records the effects of the structural and policy changes that have occurred in Victorian education over the past 6-7 years - the 'Kennett era'. Initially, the purpose of the study was to investigate the teacher's practice with the view to improving it. For this, an action research approach was adopted. Across the year 1998, the teacher undertook an innovative science program with two grades, documenting the approach and outcomes. Several other teachers were involved in the project and their personal observations and comments were to form part of the data. This research project was set in the context of a single primary school and case study methodology was used to document the broader situational and daily influences which affected the teacher's practice. It was apparent soon after starting the action research that there were factors which did not allow for the development of the project along the intended lines. By the end of the project, the teacher felt that the action research had been distorted - specifically there had been no opportunity for critical reflection. The collaborative nature of the project did not seem to work. The teacher started to wonder just what had gone wrong. It was only after a break from the school environment that the teacher-researcher had the opportunity to really reflect on what had been happening in her teaching practice. This reflection took into account the huge amount of data generated from the context of the school but essentially reflected on the massive number of changes that were occurring in all schools. Several issues began to emerge which directly affected teaching practice and determined whether teachers had the opportunity to be self-reflective. These issues were identified as changes in curriculum and the teaching role, increased workload, changed power relations and changed security/morale on the professional context.
This thesis investigates the structural and policy changes occurring in Victorian education by reference to documentation and the lived experiences of teachers. It studies how the emerging issues affect the practices of teachers, particularly the teacher-researcher. The case study has now evolved to take in the broader context of the policy and structural changes whilst the action research has expanded to look at the ability of a teacher to be self-reflective: a meta-action research perspective. In concluding, the teacher-researcher reflects on the significance of the research in light of the recent change in state government and the increased government importance placed on science education in the primary context.
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Thraves, Philip. "An investigation into students reading attitudes and habits using a children’s literature intervention programme." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1922.
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Thesis (Magister Technologiae (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010This study traces the effects of a children’s literature intervention on first year B Ed students’ reading habits and attitudes. A review of relevant literature includes concepts of literacy, with specific reference to family literacy, adolescent literacy and critical literacy; effective literacy practices; reading, reader response and theoretical perspectives of literature, including children’s literature, and its application in the classroom; motivation and reader-identity. A variety of quantitative and qualitative methods were used to gather data over a period of eighteen months. The data captured attitudes to reading and traced changes in attitudes, habits and motivation resulting from an intervention that required students to engage in reading a range of children’s literature texts. Findings showed movement from apathy to engagement at the lowest levels of change and from extrinsic to intrinsic motivation at successive levels of change. Most significantly, the intervention caused discontinuous (permanent) change in students’ constructions of themselves as readers. Key words: critical literacy; adolescent literacy; reader response; children’s literature; extrinsic / intrinsic motivation; discontinuous change; reader identity.
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Bunts-Anderson, Kimberly. "Relations between teachers' conceptions of in-class and out-of-class interactions and reported teaching practices teachers' belief study /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82707.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Linguistics & Psychology, Department of Linguistics, 2006.Bibliography: p. 372-438.
Introduction: the influence of second language teachers' conceptions and the role of interactions in language learning -- Literature review -- Theory and methodology -- Teachers' conceptions of in-class interactions -- Teachers' conceptions of out-of-class interactions -- Differences between EAP teachers' experiences and conceptual development: in-class and out-of-class interactions -- Two categorical frameworks for ICI and OCI context: similarities, differences and relations -- Discussion and conclusion.
Spoken interaction with others is one of the most powerful tools in learning and teaching a second language. This investigation is concerned with uncovering and categorising the ways a group of L2 teachers' describe their experiences and beliefs of two types of spoken interaction; those that occur in the classroom (ICI) and those that occur outside the classroom (OCI). Twenty-eight EAP teachers were interviewed using phenomenographic and ethnographic investigative approaches and asked to describe their experiences and how they thought about and used spoken interactions in the teaching and learning of a situated lesson. The conceptions that emerged as consistent (reported as experienced most frequently across the group and within individual transcripts) were identified and categorised into two sets of categories of description (COD) one for each type of interaction. Across the group of teachers, five stable ICI categories of conceptions were identified and four stable OCI categories of conceptions were identified. These categories describe the range of conceptions that emerged across the group as a whole and do not attempt to rate the understandings of individual teachers. -- The conceptions of interactions in both sets of categories followed a hierarchal pattern of development from less complete to more complete understandings of these interactions. These descriptions formed two frameworks that are supported by similar patterns describing less complete and more complete understandings of various concepts in sets of categories published in other education settings (Marton & Booth, 1997). Exploration into the teaching and learning approaches reported in the teachers' experiences of ICI and OCI indicated that the utilization of interactions was constrained by the ways these interactions were conceived. Relations between more developed conceptions of both phenomena emerged in situations where more developed conceptions were reported. In these situations both ICI and OCI were simultaneously present in the teachers' awareness and perceived as different aspects of the same teaching/ learning situations. Across the group the teachers reported less powerful ideas of how to utilize OCI than how to utilize ICI.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xvii, 496 p. ill
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Jarrett, Jennifer Ann. "Catholic bodies a history of the training and daily life of three religious teaching orders in New South Wales, 1860 to 1930 /." Connect to full text, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5673.
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Tang, Chun-keung Teddy, and 鄧振強. "A study of the implementation of the guidelines on civic education through the F.1 - F.5 history curriculum." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1985. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38627024.
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Hurrell, Derek. "Effectiveness of teacher professional learning : enhancing the teaching of fractions in primary schools." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/596.
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This study was motivated by the need to develop professional learning for primary school teachers that would support them to more effectively teach the mathematics topic of fractions. What seemed evident, was that previous professional learning attended by teachers had not adequately met their needs.
The aim of this study was to investigate whether professional learning, with a focus on subject content knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and reflective practice could enhance primary school teachers’ PCK for teaching fractions and make them more confident teachers of fractions. Demonstrating this to be the case would have wide implications for the development of professional learning opportunities for in-service teachers and would also be highly beneficial in informing teacher education.
This study brought together teachers from a variety of backgrounds and experiences. These experiences comprised not only what they had encountered in their teaching of mathematics, but also what they had encountered in their learning of mathematics. Therefore a study of the affective elements of attitudes, beliefs and self-efficacy were not only warranted, but pivotal.
The professional learning was conducted over an extended period of time and the teachers were involved in workshops where clear links were explored between the required content and what the current research considered to be the most efficacious pedagogy. They were then required to take at least one of the activities from the workshops and use it in their classroom. After they had taught the lesson, they were asked to reflect upon the lesson and bring those reflections to the next session to share with the group. This cycle was repeated.
This research showed that the professional learning amplified both Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) and Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK), which in turn provided pathways to increased PCK. The results also indicated that well-structured professional learning can have a positive effect on the beliefs and attitudes of teachers towards teaching the difficult mathematical topic of fractions. This improvement in attitudes and beliefs is important, as the impact of efficacy on the teaching and learning of mathematics cannot be underestimated.
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Barnard, Elna. "An investigation into Grade R teachers' experiences of implementing numeracy in Grade R." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004529.
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This research study investigates how selected Grade R teachers implement numeracy in their classrooms, based on their experiences, personal beliefs and perceptions. This study adopts the view that a teacher's practice is not only informed on what she believes about her learners, but also on how she organises her classroom environment and her own teaching practice. However, the teacher cannot be divorced from the political and historical background of Early Childhood Development (ECD), as these factors have an impact on her numeracy implementation. Integrated in this research study is thus not only a comprehensive historical analysis of the historical and political background of ECD, but also an in-depth look at the complex curriculum road the Grade R teacher had to travel over the past twelve years. The aim of this case study is to understand and describe what is happening in Grade R classrooms when numeracy is implemented, as well as identifying possible barriers which Grade R teachers may experience in implementing numeracy. The author utilized an adapted Interactive Qualitative Analysis Framework to explore Grade R teachers' views and experiences. Open-ended focus group interviews were used to develop a framework for individual interviews. This interview framework guided the data collection of nine audio-video tapes of classroom activities and nine semi-structured individual interviews. Analysis of the individual interviews revealed each teacher's understanding as well as her perceptions and needs regarding the implementation of numeracy in her classroom. The transcriptions of the individual interviews were compared to the audio-video tapes of what happened in each classroom. This was done in order to determine whether the teachers' practices were consistent with what they said in the interviews. Paradoxes and inconsistencies were documented. The historical and political analysis of ECD illustrates the complex development of ECD in South Africa over the last few decades. It therefore also highlights and brings to the fore the complex journey that Grade R teachers had to navigate in adapting their practice to ever changing curriculum requirements. The empirical results show that there are inconsistencies between what selected teachers know and believe, and what they are implementing. However, "silent themes" which did not come to the fore in the focus group or individual interviews, were identified in the audiovideo tapes of classroom activities. Also, many "silent themes" indicate that there are numerous concerns, such as lack of proficiency in bridging the gap between theory and practice, regarding the implementation of numeracy in Grade R. It was found that many of the selected Grade R teachers struggle to implement numeracy in their classrooms, as they lack the skills and support to teach numeracy in a Grade R context.
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Tam, Chung-wai, and 譚仲偉. "The impact of the medium of instruction on assessment: a comparative study of S.1 history in two English mediumof instruction schools and two Chinese medium of instructionschools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B35512842.
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Stanek, Tomasz Bogdan. "Applications of the well-educated mind 2003 concept by Susan Bauer in the Southern California history classrooms." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2012. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/134.
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The purpose of this study is to discover how courses in world history and United States history are taught in Southern California secondary schools. At this stage of the research the study of the history course instruction will be generally defined as an exploratory and investigative inquiry involving the interviews of the history faculty, analysis of their course offerings and syllabi content, and the overall teachers' course content preparation and knowledge.
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Pedrero, Guzmán María del Carmen. "Análisis de la Educación Física en la Región de Murcia desde la perspectiva psicosocial del alumno." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10784.
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El objeto del trabajo es analizar empíricamente la percepción y valoración que tiene actualmente los alumnos de la asignatura de Educación Física y las aplicaciones e influencias que sobre ésta pueden tener ciertos componentes socio-culturales, personales y en general la percepción de los diferentes elementos que pueden tener relación con la mencionada disciplina. Hemos visto conveniente, por la influencia ha podido tener en la visión que puedan tener los alumnos sobre la materia, realizar el estudio de la evolución que ha tenido la Educación Física Primaria, como disciplina, a partir de las disposiciones legales. También se han analizado los modelos de formación y las líneas de investigación de la formación inicial y permanente de los profesores de Educación Física.The object of the work is to analyze empirically the perception and valuation that at the moment have the students of the subject of Physical education and the applications and influences that on this one can have certain social and cultural components, personal and in general the perception of the different elements that can have relation with the mentioned discipline. We have seen advisable, by the influence has been able to have in the vision that can have the students on the matter, to make the study of the evolution that has had the Primary Physical education, like discipline, from the legal dispositions. Also the models of formation and the lines of investigation of the initial formation and permanent of the professors of Physical education have been analyzed.
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Kapavik, Robin Denise Robinson. "Interrupting traditional social studies classrooms: perspectives of U.S. history teachers." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2899.
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Chiang, Tzung-chu, and 蔣宗哲. "Preservice Elementary Science Teachers’ Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Philosophy and History of Science." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56614740208225928200.
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碩士國立新竹師範學院
數理研究所
90
The purpose of this study was to investigate preservice elementary science teachers’ knowledge of and attitudes toward philosophy and history of science. Thirty-seven preservice science teachers in a teachers college were invited to participate in this study. All 37 completed an open-ended questionnaire at the beginning of their last semester, nineteen of the 37 were interviewed by the author from one to four weeks after they completed the questionnaires, to investigate their background knowledge, awareness, and interest in philosophy and history of science. The results indicate that these preservice elementary science teachers had for the most part almost no knowledge in philosophy and history of science. Consequently, most of these preservice elementary science teachers had no idea how to incorporate history and philosophy of science into their teaching of science. However, most of these preservice elementary science teachers expressed an interest in finding out more, through further coursework, and stated that some knowledge of history and philosophy of science is important for science teachers to have. The results further indicate that these preservice elementary science teachers were not familiar with most of the content of Nine-year Integrated Curriculum, especially those chapters related to the history and philosophy of science (e.g. “Nature of Science” and “Science and the Humanities”). These findings may provide a clue to what some of the refinements of current science teacher education program.
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Chih-Yang, Hou, and 侯志洋. "A Study of Elementary School Science Teachers’ Attitudes Toward Teaching on the History of Science." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33475148721758342380.
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碩士臺中師範學院
自然科學教育學系
89
The purpose of this study was to explore elementary school science teachers’ attitudes toward the teaching on the history of science (HOS). The researcher also analyzed how the independent variables such as science history background, major subject, and experiences in teaching science affected teachers’ attitudes toward teaching HOS. Methods adopted in this study included survey and individual interview. A questionnaire “Attitudes Toward Teaching the History of Science” was developed to understand teachers’ perceptions. The subjects included 245 science teachers selected from forty-five elementary schools in Taichung city and Taichung county (N = 245). The data was obtained from analysis of distribution and three-way ANOVA. In order to further understand the teachers’ attitudes, fourteen teachers were selected and interviewed individually. The results manifested: Teachers exhibited positive attitudes toward with science and history compatibility, conceptual parallel on the value of past scientific theory scientific concept, improper behaviors of scientists could be presented in teaching, and different teaching functions could be applied. It showed that most of teachers agreed to teach HOS in their classes, however, the teaching resources were very insufficient. As to variables of the teachers’ backgrounds, it showed significant different in the dimension of “compatibility” and “conceptual parallel”, the interaction between HOS background and major subject interaction subjects majored in mathematics or science who had taken history and philosophy of science were more significant higher than those who had not. Similarity, subjects who had taken history and philosophy of science and majored in mathematics or science were more significant than those not majored in mathematics or science. In the dimension of “improper behavior” the interaction between factors, it didn’t show any significant different. However, the main effect was significant such as HOS background, major subject, and experiences in teaching science. Those teachers who had taken history and philosophy of science were showed more significant higher than those who had not. Those teachers who majored in mathematics or science were more significant than those who had not. As to teachers experiences in teaching science 1 to 2 years were more significant than 6 to 10 years. In the dimensions of “teaching resources of HOS ” and “teaching functions of HOS”, the interaction between factors were not significantly different. The main effect of HOS’s background was significant different. Those teachers who had taken history and philosophy of science obtained higher than those who had not. The results of interviews indicated that teacher’s attitudes toward teaching the HOS usually considerate from practice experience, and imply fruitful meaning to teaching HOS. Teacher''''s attitudes present which like scholar''''s dialectical relationship.