Journal articles on the topic 'History, sociology and philosophy of sciences'
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1
Levchenko, Valery, Gregory Z. Fainburg, and Gennady Razinsky. "Perm (fainburg) scientific school of sociology: history and development process." Semiotic studies 2, no. 2 (July 5, 2022): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2022-2-2-89-97.
Abstract:
The Perm School of Sociology appeared in the mid-60s of the twentieth century to a large extent thanks to the famous philosopher, sociologist, culturologist, political economist, doctor of philosophy and candidate of economic sciences, professor Zakhar Ilyich Fainburg (24.01.1922 10.09.1990). The distinctive feature of this scholar school has been the working combination of profound theoretical analysis of the modern social phenomena, fundamental reasons revealing of their occurrence and specific applied empirical researches, ending with specific recommendations that take into account the analyzed organizations and regions specific features. The present school to exists, functions and actively works for the benefit of the sociology of Russia.
2
Vlasova, Olga. "Methodologies of Memory Studies and Sociology of Philosophy in the Study of the History of Philosophy and Science." Sociological Journal 28, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2022.28.1.8836.
Abstract:
While interest towards Memory Studies has long been popular when it comes to studying cultural traditions and social groups, the field of science (scientific traditions) describes issues using the traditional language of history, philosophy and sociology of science. This happens despite Memory Studies potentially being a productive asset in this problem field. This paper brings together Memory Studies and R. Collins’ sociology of philosophy, while presenting a new strategy for problematization based on the history of philosophy. Memory Studies and sociology of philosophies are presented as two complementary approaches that have interdisciplinary prospects for understanding the methodological problems of the humanities in general and philosophy in particular. The foundations of the approaches are analyzed, a comparative analysis is conducted of the conceptual apparatus, examples of explication of sociological tools in the field of current philosophical discussions are considered. How does philosophy work with the past, how does the “past-present” dialectic unfold in the community of philosophers, how do mnemonic practices determine the lines of power in this field? How are “sacred texts” selected in academic communities, what role do mnemonic practices play when it comes to generational bonds? What sort of practices circulate in the community in terms of condemning or accepting figures from the past? All of these issues are analyzed in the study, based on the concepts of Memory Studies and sociology of philosophy while invoking the ideas of R. Collins’ critics, as well as methodological historical and philosophical works. The approach offered by the author makes it possible to expand Memory Studies and sociology of philosophy into the field of history of philosophy and lay the foundations for such studies in the history, sociology and philosophy of science.
3
Gare, Arran. "Aleksandr Bogdanov's history, sociology and philosophy of science." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 31, no. 2 (June 2000): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-3681(00)00002-9.
4
Kravchenko, S. A., and A. V. Shestopal. "Philosophy and Sociology Studies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-151-158.
Abstract:
Philosophy and Social science school of MGIMO has received both nationwide and international recognition. The traditions of the school were laid by two highly respected scientists and science managers, George P. Frantsev, who was the rector MGIMO during the crucial period of its early years, and Alexander F. Shishkin, who was the founder and head of the Department of Philosophy. The former belonged to one of the best schools of antic history studies of the Petersburg (Leningrad) University. Frantsev made a great contribution to the restoration of Russian social and political science after World War II. After graduating from MGIMO, he worked at the Foreign Ministry of USSR, and then served as a rector of the Academy of Social Sciences and chief-editor of the journal "Problems of Peace and Socialism" in Prague. He consistently supported MGIMO scientists and recommended them as participants for international congresses and conferences. Shishkin was born in Vologda, and studied in Petrograd during 1920s. His research interests included history of education and morality. He was the author of the first textbook on ethics in the postwar USSR. Other works Shishkin, including monograph "XX century and the moral values of humanity", played a in reorienting national philosophy from class interests to universal moral principles. During thirty years of his leadership of the Department of Philosophy, Shishkin managed to prepare several generations of researchers and university professors. Scientists educated by Shishkin students consider themselves to be his "scientific grandchildren". The majority of MGIMO post-graduate students followed the footsteps of Frantsev in their research, but they also were guided by Shishkin's ideas on morality in human relations. Philosophy and Social science school of MGIMO played an important role in the revival of Soviet social and political science. Soviet Social Science Association (SSSA), established in 1958, elected Frantsev as its president, and G.V. Osipov as a deputy president. A year later Osipov became president and remained so until 1972.
5
HUNTER, IAN. "THE HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY AND THE PERSONA OF THE PHILOSOPHER." Modern Intellectual History 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2007): 571–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244307001424.
Abstract:
Although history is the pre-eminent part of the gallant sciences, philosophers advise against it from fear that it might completely destroy the kingdom of darkness—that is, scholastic philosophy—which previously has been wrongly held to be a necessary instrument of theology.
6
Beliaev, E. I. "Methodological Complexity of the Science of Society (Metaphilosophical Analysis)." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Philosophy. Psychology. Pedagogy 11, no. 2 (2011): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7671-2011-11-2-8-13.
Abstract:
In article are considered problems of demarcation and the relations between history and philosophy of sociology and of their influence upon self-realization of sociology and renewing of social philosophy.
7
Fitzgerald, Des. "What was sociology?" History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 1 (February 2019): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695118808935.
Abstract:
This article is about the future of sociology, as transformations in the digital and biological sciences lay claim to the discipline’s jurisdictional hold over ‘the social’. Rather than analyse the specifics of these transformations, however, the focus of the article is on how a narrative of methodological crisis is sustained in sociology, and on how such a narrative conjures very particular disciplinary futures. Through a close reading of key texts, the article makes two claims: (1) that a surprisingly conventional urge towards disciplinary reproduction often animates accounts of sociology’s crisis; (2) that, even more surprisingly, these same accounts are often haunted by a hidden metaphorical architecture centred on biology, vitality, vigour and life. The central gambit of the article is that, perhaps in spite of itself, this subterranean image of life actually hints at less reproductively conventional ways of understanding – and intervening in – sociology’s methodological ‘crisis’. Drawing, empirically, on the author’s recent work on urban stress and, theoretically, on Stefan Helmreich’s (2011, 2016) account of ‘limit biologies’, the articles ends with a call for a ‘limit sociology’ – a form of attention that could, similarly, expand rather than contract the present moment of transformation. At the heart of the article is a hope that thinking with such a limit may help sociologists to imagine a less deadening future than that on offer from a canonised discipline cathected by endless crisis-talk.
8
Dear, Peter. "Sociology? History? Historical Sociology? A response to Bazerman." Social Epistemology 2, no. 3 (July 1988): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691728808578491.
9
Stas, Igor. "Urban History: between History and Social Sciences." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 21, no. 3 (2022): 250–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2022-3-250-285.
Abstract:
The article analyzes the formation and development of Urban History as a branch of historical science before and immediately after the era of the Urban Crisis of the 1950s and 1960s. The concept of the article suggests that urban history was formed in a constant dialogue with the social sciences. At the beginning, academic urban historians appeared in the 1930s as opponents of American “agrarian” and frontier histories. Drawing their ideas from the Chicago School of sociology, they reproduced the national history of civic local communities that expressed the achievements of Western civilization. However, in the context of the impending Urban Crisis, social sciences, together with urban historians, have declared the importance of generalizing social phenomena. A group of rebels soon formed among historians. They called their movement ‘New Urban History’ and advocated the return of historical context to urban studies, and were against social theory. However, in an effort to reconstruct history “from the bottom up” through a quantitative study of social mobility, new urban historians have lost the city as an important variable of their analysis. They had to abandon the popular name and recognize themselves as representatives of social history and interested in the problems of class, culture, consciousness, and conflicts. In this situation, some social scientists have tried to try on the elusive brand ‘New Urban History’, but their attempt also failed. As a result, only those who remained faithful to the national narrative or interdisciplinary approach remained urban historians, but continued to remain in the bosom of historical science, rushing around conventional urban sociology and its denial.
10
Kolodnyi, Anatolii M. "The Department of Religious Studies is the leading institution of Ukraine for research on religious phenomena." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 8 (December 22, 1998): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1998.8.184.
Abstract:
The Department of Religious Studies is formed on an autonomous basis in the structure of the Institute of Philosophy by the decision of the Presidium of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in June 1991 with the prospect of its transformation into an independent academic institution. The first director of the Department was Dr. Philos. Mr., O.S. Onischenko, Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The Department includes departments of the philosophy of religion (headed by A. Kolodnyi, Ph.D.), sociology of religion (the head of the Philosophical Philosophy Department P.Kosuh), the history of religion in Ukraine (the head of the Philosophy Philosophy Yarotsky) During the first three years, departments conducted research on the following topics: "Methodological Principles and Categorical Apparatus of Religious Studies"; "Contemporary Religious Situation in Ukraine: State, Trends, Forecasts"; "History of the Orthodox Church in Ukraine". Since 1994, they have been working on problems: "The phenomenon of religion: nature, essence, functionality"; "Religious activity in the context of social processes in Ukraine"; "Features and milestones of the history of Ukrainian Christianity". At the time, the research group on the history of theological thought in Ukraine (headed by K.Filosov V.Klimov) studied the creative work of Metropolitan Petro Mohyla, a group on the study of neo-religions (head of the department - Philosophy L. L. Filippovich) - investigated new religious currents and cults of post-socialist Ukraine, and a group on the history of Protestantism (headed by F. Philosopher P. Kosuh, coordinator - Ph.D. S.Golovashchenko) conducted a large-scale study of archival sources on the history of the Gospel-Baptist movement in Ukraine. In 1995, the Department employed 30 scientific staff (including 5 doctors and 14 candidates of science).
11
Freyer, Hans. "Sociology as a Science of Reality: A Logical Foundation for the System of Sociology." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 20, no. 2 (2021): 290–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2021-2-290-299.
Abstract:
The Centre for Fundamental Sociology (HSE University, Moscow) and Vladimir Dal Publishing House (St. Petersburg) have initiated the Russian translation and publication of Sociology as a Science of Reality: A Logical Foundation for the System of Sociology (1930), a key work of the famous German philosopher and sociologist, Hans Freyer. In the early 1920s, Freyer, who became the first full professor of sociology in Germany, published several seminal works covering a wide range of topics in social science and political philosophy. The Introduction to the thinker’s first work on sociology in its proper meaning, published here, has the characteristics of a program manifesto outlining the basic principles for comprehending the discipline and its subject matter as a social and historical phenomenon. Freyer argues that sociology as a scholarly discipline emerges in a society that is being detached from the state; now, instead of an obvious and stable order, an insecure, precarious and unpredictable society arises, becoming a problem for itself. Consequently, alongside the formation of sociology, its object emerges; it is a heterogeneous “society” that has gained autonomy from the state while sharply divergent from that same society regarding the principles of the organization of social life. Meanwhile, the distinctive feature of European sociology is not simply its embeddedness in history, but its immediate substantial connection with the preceding philosophical tradition. This enables Freyer to raise the question of the philosophical basis of sociology as a scientific system. He also formulates the task of defining the forms of this system and outlining its primary lines. The structural and methodological comparison between the European sociology version and the American version of the discipline is particularly interesting from the perspective of the academic history.
12
Makarenko, V. P. "The Problem of the Applicability of the Concept of Paradigm to the Philosophical Process." Политическая концептология: журнал метадисциплинарных исследований, no. 4 (December 28, 2023): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2949-0707.2023.4.611.
Abstract:
Since the second half of the 20th century, Kuhn's concept has been used in philosophy of natural science, sociology and history of science, biology, medicine, political sciences, economics and history of economics, anthropology and history of anthropology, psychology and history of psychoanalysis, theory of art and literature, mathematics, linguistics. A.P. Ogurtsov and S.S. Neretina systematized the controversial issues of this concept, including the question of the qualification of philosophy as a discipline. The author joined this discussion in the process of reconstructing the political philosophy of M.K. Petrov. This article discusses several new topics related to the interpretation of T. Kuhn's concept.
13
Alagha, Joseph. "Ibn Khaldun: A sociology of history." International Sociology 32, no. 2 (March 2017): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580916687460.
Abstract:
Alatas’s two books reviewed in this essay offer a new reading of an important sociologist by shedding an important contextual light on Ibn Khaldun’s works. They interpret and analyze Ibn Khaldun’s philosophy of history, social theory, and sociological doctrines, not only by stressing their modern relevance, but also by demonstrating how they could be employed to forge a new reading of the social sciences. Thus, Alatas’s methodology applies Ibn Khaldun’s seemingly dated theories and concepts to modern sociological and historical thought, while avoiding anachronisms in either interpretation or meaning. This essay is organized thematically, and the first section explores Ibn Khadun’s key classical concepts of ‘asabiyya, nomadic, and sedentary from a social science perspective. The second section elaborates on how Weber’s three ideal types of authority (charismatic, traditional, rational-legal) could be applied to Ibn Khaldun’s reading of Muslim society in his own time and afterwards, and Alatas includes the Weberian distinction between functional and value rationality. The third section applies the classical distinction between authority and power to caliphate authority and kingship. The fourth and fifth sections of this essay deal with soft power and culture as well as Ibn Khaldun’s social history. Thus, Alatas’s two books could be considered rich reference books rather than critical evaluations of Ibn Khaldun’s works.
14
Danilov, A. N. "Sociology at the Belarusian State University: a time-honored tradition, history and public mission." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Humanitarian Series 66, no. 4 (November 9, 2021): 411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/2524-2369-2021-66-4-411-417.
Abstract:
The article considers the age-old path of development of sociology at the Belarusian State University (BSU). It is argued that the institutionalization of sociology on the territory of Belarus began with the opening of the Belarusian State University and the creation of the Department of Sociology and Primitive Culture (S. Z. Katzenbogen), where students were given lectures on genetic sociology, issues of labor, law, cultural history, and sociology of family and marriage. After the identification of historical materialism with sociology, the teaching of sociological disciplines was excluded from the curricula of BSU. Sociology revived in the 1960s with the creation of the Problematic Research Laboratory of Sociological Studies at the BSU (PRLSS–BSU) (first head – Prof. I. N. Lushchitsky). In its depths, as well as in the sector of applied sociology at the Department of Philosophy of the Humanities Faculties (Prof. G. P. Davidyuk), personnel were trained and the necessary conditions were created for the opening of the Department of Sociology and the Department of Sociology in 1989 (the first head of the department was Prof. A. N. Elsukov). Professor G. P. Davidyuk is rightfully considered the founder of modern Belarusian sociology. At present, at BSU, centuries-old traditions in the field of sociological science and education are being developed at the Center for Sociological and Political Researches (headed by Prof. D. G. Rotman) and at the Department of Sociology of the Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences (headed by Prof. A. N. Danilov).
15
Mikhaylov, Igor A. "The Path to “Normal Science” Through Existentialism." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 9 (2023): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2023-9-157-161.
Abstract:
The article reflects upon the developmet of professional history of philosophy, philosophy of science and theoretical sociology in Soviet Union in the 1950s and 1960s. The decisive contribution to the formation of modern historical and philosophical problems, as well as to modern disputes about the nature of philosophy and science, belongs to Piama Gaidenko. The author focuses on the role of studies in existentialism and the way its problematic shaped human and science studies in soviet philosophy. A small review article published in Voprosy Filosofii in 1959, the very first scientific paper by Gaidenko despite its formal status, appears to be an extremely important scientific document, revealing not only the characteristic personal style of the author soon to become famous, but also the full thematic structure of Gaidenko’s future works. Contrary to the common in the 50-60-s classification of existentialism as “irrationalism” and hence as hostile to science, this movement was the first to be studied as a region of contemporary philosophy thus fostering soviet philosophy to move away from harsh criticism of bourgeois philosophy and develop the branch of history of philosophy as “normal science”.
16
Myers, Greg. "Sociology of Science Without the Sociology." Social Studies of Science 20, no. 3 (August 1990): 559–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030631290020003008.
17
Camic, Charles. "Reshaping the history of American sociology." Social Epistemology 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691729408578725.
18
Klein, Herbert S. "The “Historical Turn” in the Social Sciences." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 48, no. 3 (November 2017): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01159.
Abstract:
The first professional societies in the United States, from the 1880s to the 1910s, understood history to be closely associated with the other social sciences. Even in the mid-twentieth century, history was still grouped with the other social sciences, along with economics, sociology, political science, and anthropology. But in the past few decades, history and anthropology in the United States (though not necessarily in other countries) have moved away from the social sciences to ally themselves with the humanities—paradoxically, just when the other social sciences are becoming more committed to historical research.
19
Chiuchi, Oana Mariana. "The Entirety and the Interdisciplinarity in the Sociology of Petre Andrei." Anuarul Universitatii Petre Andrei din Iasi - Fascicula: Asistenta Sociala, Sociologie, Psihologie 29 (October 19, 2023): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/upasw/29/69.
Abstract:
The present paper is a synthetic presentation of Petre Andrei's conception regarding the integrality and interdisciplinarity of sociology as a science. Thus, the concept of completeness of sociology is summarized related to the object of study and also as a specific research method in the complex process of sociological investigation of the social life, as a set of components, conditions and types of activities. Also, the notion of the interdisciplinarity of sociology with other socio-human sciences (philosophy, history, psychology, pedagogy) is argued, as it emerges from the work of the Romanian sociologist.
20
Balon, Jan. "O samotné myšlence jednotné sociologie: Harvard a Columbia." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 33, no. 3 (November 21, 2011): 358–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2011.123.
Abstract:
On the Very Idea of Unified Sociology: Harvard and ColumbiaAbstract: The article concentrates on the historical context of American sociology's development in the period between 1930 and 1965, which is here associated with a specific project of the field's unification elaborated at Harvard University and Columbia University. It is argued that the idea of unified sociology is worked in the very project of American sociology as a science and found its genuine expression in the efforts to reach "objectivity and coherence" of sociological thought/knowledge. It also distinctly formed the professional identity of the discipline. It was expected that the scientific integrity would be achieved by means of securing the continuity of theory and practice, which was to provide a general methodological pillar for cumulative research. The historical contextualization of this formative period studies how the very idea of unified sociology affected both theoretical and methodological perspectives within the discipline and also the possibility of its integrated research agenda.O samotné myšlence jednotné sociologie: Harvard a ColumbiaAbstrakt: Článek se zaměřuje na historický kontext vývoje americké sociologie v období mezi lety 1930-1965, jež je spojeno se specifickým projektem sjednocení oboru rozpracovaným na Harvardské a Kolumbijské univerzitě. Samotná myšlenka jednotné sociologie je neoddělitelně vpletena do celého projektu americké sociologie jako vědy a své „čisté" vyjádření nalezla v úsilí prokázat „objektivitu a koherenci" sociologického myšlení/vědění. Zcela zřetelně také formovala profesní identitu oboru. Prostředkem zajištění vědecké integrity bylo především zajištění kontinuity teorie a praxe, ježby založilo a o něž by se mohlo opírat pevné metodologické „sebevědomí". Historická kontextualizace tohoto formativního období si klade za cíl sledovat, nakolik myšlenka sjednocené sociologie ovlivnila teoretické a metodologické perspektivy v rámci oboru i vlastní představy o možnosti jeho integrované výzkumné agendy.
21
Graça, João Carlos. "Writing Sociology: Writing History." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 22, no. 2 (2023): 50–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2023-2-50-70.
Abstract:
French historian and archaeologist Paul Veyne argued for what he saw as the fundamental lack of object in sociology in 1971. This academic field would definitely not be a science, but, at most, an auxiliary to historiography, itself devoid of any scientific condition since it refers to sublunary causalities, not allowing predictions, only “retrodictions”. Conversely, a set of “praxeologies” could be identified, the core of a future science of man, radically different from both sociology and history, including instead pure economics, operational research, and game theory. While history (and sociology) would inevitably be “Aristotelian”, that is, sublunary and imprecise, scientific disciplines could and should be predominantly “Platonic”, aiming at formal logical elegance. Veyne was only partly right, since economics itself cannot be considered a science stricto sensu. Admittedly, sociology is going through a state of multilevel crisis, allowing us to confront this situation with important recent trends for the emergence of socio-historical grand narratives, sometimes officially called history, less often historical sociology, but all eminently trans-disciplinary. The aim of this research is to overcome the limitations associated with the biographical, elitist, and Eurocentric biases characteristic of traditional historiography. On the whole, the tendency of these studies is nomothetic, but the “laws” identified are at best, approximate. Therefore, they, like economics, are condemned to operate on a mere “Aristotelian” level, and thus, the great “novel of humanity” is bound to remain essentially indeterminate.
22
Gavric, Goran. "The importance of social sciences in interdisciplinary study of art." Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 150 (2015): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1550065g.
Abstract:
This paper discusses the partucular scopes of history, philosophy, sociology, geography, anthropology, and psychology in the interpretation of certain artistic phenomena. At the same time, there are possibilities for connecting their results into a consistent, paraconsistent comprehensive multidisciplinary interpretation, and especially the reality of that interpretation in relation to theoretically recognizable elements of art and composition of artistic work. Social sciences provide the history of art with necessary material to expand the interpretation of art and analysis of works of art, as well as the theoretical foundation of multidisciplinarity.
23
Kitcher, Philip. "Reviving the Sociology of Science." Philosophy of Science 67 (September 2000): S33—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392807.
24
Machado Neto, Raul. "Internationalization at the University of São Paulo." Revista de Medicina 95, spe3 (August 26, 2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1679-9836.v95ispe3p5-6.
Abstract:
The University of São Paulo, founded in 1934, started under the influence of important foreigners academicians in our campuses. The beginning of our university was the result of a fusion of the already existing colleges – Law School, School of Engineering, School of Pharmacy and Dentistry, College of Agriculture, Medical School, and School of Veterinary Medicine. In addition, in 1934, the School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters was created being responsible for human sciences – Philosophy, History, Geography, Sociology – and hard sciences – Mathematics, Physics, and Chemistry – that academically amalgamated the professional existing colleges. In the thirties, we benefited from the instabilities in Europe and important professors came to the University of São Paulo contributing remarkably to our successful trajectory.[...]
25
Danilov, Alexander. "Applied Sociology of Professor G.P. Davidyuk and Revival of Sociological Science in the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic." Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya, no. 6 (2023): 144–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013216250026397-9.
Abstract:
The article examines the history of academic school of applied sociology of Professor G.P. Davidyuk (1923-2020), assesses his contribution to the revival of sociological science and the institutionalization of sociological education in Belarus. G.P. Davidyuk formed the first scientific structures of a sociological profile in Belarus (sector of social research, Department of sociological research of the Institute of Philosophy and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the BSSR; sector of applied sociology at the Department of Philosophy of Belarusian State University in Minsk, etc.), he wrote the first textbooks "Fundamentals of Applied Sociology" (1975) and "Applied Sociology" (1979). Under his editorship, the country's first "Dictionary of Applied Sociology" (1984) was prepared, the foundations were laid for professional sociologists training at the Belarusian State University (BSU), personnel of the highest scholarly qualification. In the 1970s and 1980s, the Problematic Research Laboratory of Sociological Research of BSU, headed by G.P. Davidyuk, turned into the country's leading scientific center. The work of the Applied sociology sector at the BSU gave an impetus to the development of industrial sociology.
26
Plys, Kristin. "Time and World-History." Critical Sociology 46, no. 4-5 (May 30, 2019): 677–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896920519853035.
Abstract:
A concept of time is implicit in any theory that endeavors to make sense of human existence. History, particularly world-history or macro-history, is multi-dimensional, relative, and infinite. Comprehending the infinite has long been an epistemological puzzle for both mathematics and philosophy, but one that has never been explicitly contextualized for historical sociological research. Because the infinite needs to be measured by a concept that is similarly infinite, how can one conceive of a non-terminating sweep of history when the tools with which we measure time are themselves finite or use finite increments? By shifting the focus away from the ontology of time to the epistemological issues raised by the concept of infinite time, I contend that historical sociology can begin to incorporate a more explicit understanding of how time affects the results and conclusions drawn from historical research through an understanding of the methodological and polemical implications of the epistemological issues raised by the concept of infinite time. In this article, I contend that an explicit philosophy of infinite time for historical sociology has implications for the epistemological foundations of historical sociology, but more importantly, affects whether historical sociology can describe the political economy of capitalism and develop left praxis.
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Petrov, Vladimir V. "Siberian Philosophy: Real Situation and Desired Future." Siberian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 4 (2019): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-7517-2019-17-4-208-213.
Abstract:
In September 2019, the All-Russian Scientific Conference VIII Siberian Philosophical Seminar «The Siberian Dimension of Russian Philosophy: Schools, Directions, Traditions», organized by Novosibirsk State University and Gorno-Altaysk State University, was held in Novosibirsk and Gorno-Altaysk. The conference discussed key issues of philosophy and related sciences, such as history, political science, sociology, economics and jurisprudence, related to the modern interpretation of the foundations of philosophical culture, which played a key role in the formation of modern Western civilization. The conference showed that Siberian scientists have the potential to turn Siberian philosophy into one of the most important centers of the domestic and world philosophical network.
28
Beiner, Ronald. "Modern Social Imaginaries." Canadian Journal of Political Science 37, no. 4 (December 2004): 1056–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423904420216.
Abstract:
Modern Social Imaginaries, Charles Taylor, Durham: Duke University Press, 2004, pp. 215The originality of Charles Taylor's thought can be seen in the fact that it is not easy to “place” his work over the last fifteen years in the categories of standard academic disciplines. It is not really political philosophy. It is not really sociology (though it perhaps leans more towards sociology than towards political philosophy). It is something else. But what? Cultural history and the history of philosophy clearly provide the materials for Taylor's enterprise, but whatever it is, it aims for something intellectually more ambitious than mere intellectual or cultural history. The term “social imaginary” in fact captures quite well this “unplaceability” of his work between philosophy and sociology.
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Dorofeev, Daniil. "Discovering Max Scheler. [Rev.] Malinkin A.N. Kontseptsiya Fenomenologii Maksa Shelera. Sheler vs Gusserl’. [The Concept of Phenomenology by Max Scheler. Scheler vs Husserl.] Moscow: Russkaya Shkola publ., 2019." Sociological Journal 27, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2021.27.1.7849.
Abstract:
This is a review of a book by Russian philosopher and sociologist A.N. Malinkin about Max Scheler, whose creative heritage he has been studying and translating for many years. The study presents an analysis of Scheler’s phenomenological concept, examined through comparison with the attitudes of the founder of phenomenology Husserl regarding the understanding of such important concepts as scientific knowledge, lack of premise, reduction, intuition. The monograph on a large material, consisting mainly of little-known texts and those not translated to Russian, shows Scheler’s original and fundamental understanding of philosophy, ontology, knowledge, love, man, sociology, society, history. The book by A.N. Malinkin makes it possible to significantly expand one’s understanding of Max Scheler’s philosophy, serving to compensate this philosopher being undeservedly underestimated and revealing its relevance for modern philosophical and socio-humanitarian thought.
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Pavlov, Alexander V. "The “September Group”: From Analytical Marxism to Normative Political Philosophy." Ethical Thought 21, no. 2 (2021): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-2-129-142.
Abstract:
Analytical Marxism – formerly also known as the “September group” – is a branch of Anglo-Saxon social theory, political and normative philosophy. There are several publications on the set in the Russian humanities and social sciences, but all articles are limited to the sociological aspect of the work of analytical Marxists. In this article we propose to consider another aspect of this direction – normative aspect. To show this aspect of analytical Marxists, the author suggests considering the movement in historical dynamics. It originates from the publication of “Karl Marx’s Theory of History” (1978) by Canadian-English philosopher J.A. Cohen. Cohen tried to rid Marxism of Hegelianism and make it the subject of a real science, which set the framework the current’s activity. At the first stage of the work, analytical Marxists (J.A. Cohen, Jon Elster, John Roemer, Erik Olin Wright, Robert Brenner, Adam Przeworski and others) worked within the framework of sociology and historical sociology, combining the problems raised by Marx with various scientific methods – game theory, rational choice theory, historical sociology, etc. By the early 1990’s, some of the participants of the movement left the group (Elster, Przeworski), while others refocused on new topics, namely, normative political philosophy. Arguing with the ideas and arguments of John Rawls, Robert Nozick, and others, analytical Marxists answered the problems of normative theory in their own way – an attempt to combine freedom and equality (Cohen), egalitarianism (Roemer), real utopias (Wright), and basic income (Philippe Van Parijs).
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Ashin, G. K. "Elitology in the Sistemof Social Sciencies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(9) (December 28, 2009): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2009-6-9-27-37.
Abstract:
The term «elitology» is a Russian innovation of the end of the 20th century. It was introduced to meet the needs of a complex discipline dealing with the elite phenomenon which integrates the achievements and methods of philosophy, political science, sociology, history, psychology, cultural studies. The article emphasizes the role of philosophy as the theoretical basis for solving elitological problems.
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Riesch, Hauke. "Philosophy, history and sociology of science: Interdisciplinary relations and complex social identities." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 48 (December 2014): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2014.09.013.
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Turkina, V. G., O. V. Verbina, and E. L. Antonova. "THE CITY AS A SUBJECT OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH." Juvenis scientia, no. 10 (2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32415/jscientia.2018.10.15.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of the city. The city as a center and carrier of all kinds of human activity is interpreted in the framework of a number of Sciences: history, sociology, social philosophy, philosophy of culture, cultural studies, that is, in the field of interdisciplinary research. It is defined as a significant object of specific scientific and interdisciplinary research, all areas and components of which are formed in the «picture» of the city, synthetic, holistic view of it.
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Bystrov, Vladimir, and Vladimir Kamnev. "Vulgar Sociologism: The History of the Concept." Sotsiologicheskoe Obozrenie / Russian Sociological Review 18, no. 3 (2019): 286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1728-192x-2019-3-286-308.
Abstract:
This article can be considered as the history of the concept of vulgar sociologism, including both the moment of the emergence of this concept and its subsequent history. In the 20th century, new approaches were formed in the natural sciences about society and man which assumed to consider all of the ideas from the point of view of class psycho-ideology. This approach manifested itself somewhat in the history of philosophical and scientific knowledge, but chiefly in literary criticism (Friche, Pereverzev). As a result, any work of art turns into a ciphered message behind which the interest of a certain class or group hides. The critic has to solve this code and define its sociological equivalent. In the discussions against vulgar sociology, M. Lifshitz and his adherents insisted on a limitation of the vulgar-sociological approach, qualifying it as a bourgeois perversion of Marxism. They saw the principle of the criticism of vulgar sociology in the well-known statement by K. Marx about the aesthetic value of the Ancient Greek epos. The task of the critic does not only reduce to the establishment of social genetics of the work of art because he also needs to explain why this work causes aesthetic pleasure during other historical eras. In the article, it is shown that later attempts to reduce the complete spectrum of modern western philosophy and aesthetics into a paradigm of vulgar sociology of the 1920s is an unreasonable exaggeration. At the same time, in discussions in the 1930s, the question of the need of the differentiation of the vulgar-sociological approach and a sociological method in general was raised. As for sociology, this question remains relevant even today.
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Danilov, Alexander N. "Sociology at the Belarusian State University: Origins and Philosophy of Development." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences 64, no. 5 (November 1, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2021-64-5-31-44.
Abstract:
The article examines the origins and philosophy of the development of sociology at the Belarusian State University (BSU), which has accumulated the wisdom and socio-political thought of Belarusian thinkers of the past, absorbed the research experience of previous generations. Since the beginning of the work of BSU in 1921, the Department of Sociology and Primitive Culture was created (S.Z. Katzenbogen). The course in genetic sociology, which was taught by Professor S.Z. Katzenbogen, to a greater extent resembled a kind of fusion of philosophical and sociological thought and primitive history, was unlike modern ideas about sociological science. This period did not last long. Soon repressions broke out, the Great Patriotic War, and the post-war reconstruction took place, which significantly delayed the development of sociology as an independent science. All this time, sociology functioned in the bosom of philosophical knowledge, where the convergence of meanings and meaningful mutual enrichment took place, the difficult process of accumulating theoretical, methodological and practical experience was going on. The rticle highlights the key role of BSU in institutionalization, development of sociological science and education in Belarus. The leader of the revival of sociology at BSU was Professor G.P. Davidyuk (1923–2020). Following the example of the Belarusian State University, in the 1960s–1970s, sociological structures were created in all the leading universities of the republic; the work of the applied sociology sector of BSU contributed to the development of factory sociology. In 1989, a sociological department and a department of sociology were opened, at the end of 1996, the Center for Sociological and Political Research was established. Since 1997, the scientific and theoretical Journal of BSU. Sociology, and in 2000 the Belarusian Sociological Society began to function, a branch of the Department of Sociology of the Belarusian State University was opened at the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The traditions of previous generations, laid down by the leaders of the Belarusian sociological school, are gradually being transformed, taking into account the development of scientific, technological and informational and communicative progress, revising curricula and training programs for modern sociologists.
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Turner, Stephen. "The origins of ‘mainstream sociology’ and other issues in the history of American sociology." Social Epistemology 8, no. 1 (January 1994): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02691729408578729.
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Zygmont, Aleksei. "From Social Sciences to Philosophy and Back Again." Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences, no. 6 (October 10, 2018): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2018-6-151-155.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of the demarcation of social sciences from social philosophy. The author proposes to model the relations between these two disciplines as a continuum instead of binary opposition - a continuum in which certain authors and concepts are located depending on the nature of their statements (descriptive or prescriptive/evaluative) and the amount of empirical data involved. To illustrate a number of this continuum’s positions and features, the concept of the sacred is brought: emerging in Modern history as a cultural idea, in the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the works of French sociologists it becomes an empirical model that describes both the effect of social solidarity and the particular forms of religious existence. However, later, in the College of Sociology and in the works of such thinkers as G. Bataille, R. Caillois, etc., the concept acquires value meanings and becomes socio-philosophical. The absence of a clear boundary between the two statement formats, it makes possible both the “drifting” from one to another over time (M. Eliade) and the ambiguity of any critics of social science from social philosophy’s position and vice versa. At the same time, the historical “load” of the concept could be discarded in order to use it within the framework of “pure” social science or philosophy.
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Hjørland, Birger. "Science, Part II: The Study of Science." KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION 49, no. 4 (2022): 273–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0943-7444-2022-4-273.
Abstract:
This second part of the trilogy0 about science, focus on the various fields studying science studies (“science studies”, “metasciences” or “sciences of science”). Section 4 focus on the major fields (philosophy of science, history of science and sociology of science) but it also includes the minor fields scientometrics, psychology of science, information science, terminology studies and genre studies. Section 5 is about the fields of scholarly communication and knowledge organization. The main idea is that all the presented fields are important allies to information science with knowledge organization, and that information science should understand itself as a kind of science studies.
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Koering, Jérémie. "The other “Sch,” or When Damisch Met Schapiro." October 167 (February 2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00336.
Abstract:
French art-historian/philosopher Hubert Damisch and American art-historian Meyer Schapiro maintained an intellectual friendship of rare intensity for nearly forty years. Their many letters bear witness to this: From art history to psychoanalysis, philosophy, anthropology, sociology, and literature, they exchanged ideas in almost every field of the humanities and social sciences. The special issue which this text introduces focuses on the years 1972 and 1973, a period during which Damisch spent much time in the United States and met, in addition to Schapiro, Michel Foucault, Max Black, M. H. Abrams, and Norman Malcolm. “The Other ‘sch,’ or When Damisch Met Schapiro” seeks to put into perspective the forty-four letters gathered here as well as the several essays devoted to the Freud-Signorelli case.
40
Dunne, Stephen. "Figurational sociology and the rhetoric of post-philosophy." History of the Human Sciences 27, no. 3 (July 2014): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695114535396.
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Mitrovic, Ljubisa. "The importance of multidisciplinary cooperation and transdisciplinary research for overcoming the crisis of social humanities." Sociologija 63, no. 3 (2021): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2103526m.
Abstract:
We live in an age of the rise of scientific positivism, methodological particularism, and disciplinary chaos. We are witnessing the process of fragmentation of the scientific system, partialization, dehumanization and marginalization of the social sciences. The paper discusses the importance of multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research for overcoming the crisis of social sciences and humanities. In this context, special emphasis is placed on the importance of improving the practice of integrated studies in the education system at universities; and especially the importance of cooperation between natural / biomedical research and humanities (genetics, ecology, anthropology, demography, philosophy, ethics, history, psychology and sociology).
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Mitrovic, Ljubisa. "The importance of multidisciplinary cooperation and transdisciplinary research for overcoming the crisis of social humanities." Sociologija 63, no. 3 (2021): 526–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc2103526m.
Abstract:
We live in an age of the rise of scientific positivism, methodological particularism, and disciplinary chaos. We are witnessing the process of fragmentation of the scientific system, partialization, dehumanization and marginalization of the social sciences. The paper discusses the importance of multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary research for overcoming the crisis of social sciences and humanities. In this context, special emphasis is placed on the importance of improving the practice of integrated studies in the education system at universities; and especially the importance of cooperation between natural / biomedical research and humanities (genetics, ecology, anthropology, demography, philosophy, ethics, history, psychology and sociology).
43
Sokolov, Alexey M., and Nikita V. Kuznetsov. "Philosophy of history as a philosophy." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Philosophy and Conflict Studies 36, no. 4 (2020): 634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu17.2020.403.
Abstract:
The article presents the authors’ vision of the formation of the “philosophy of history” as a form of philosophical knowledge. Analyzing the retrospective of its formation in the first part of the article, the interpretation of the “philosophy of history” is given not as one of the sections of philosophy in general, but as one of its modes in the semantic horizon of which a specific answer to the main question of philosophy is achieved: what is the source of all that exists? In the context of this consideration of the problem, philosophy is viewed as the highest form of human activity, integrating all types of human activity as expressions of its spiritual and, in this sense, supernatural content. In fact, this concerns the formation of historical self-consciousness as one of the modes of the manifestation of modern civilization. The authors trace how “historicity” has asserted itself in the structure of human thinking from the time of antiquity to the present. Through the views of Herodotus, Polybius and Titus Livy, Blessed Augustine, Machiavelli, Vico, Hegel, and Marx, the step-by-step logic of this process is revealed. In the second part of the article, the authors consider the content of the actual “historical” form of being that is characteristic of modern, bourgeois civilization. Independent human activity appears here for the first time as an unconditional principle of the world order (or reality as such), and interest in the past as a source is replaced by interest in the future as a target setting. Thus, the classical philosophy of history is transformed into historiosophy. In conclusion, the authors touch upon the specifics of historical self-consciousness in the Russian intellectual and spiritual tradition. They assume that the experience of recent Russian history cannot be adequately understood in terms of bourgeois thinking since its content does not correspond to the value orientations of the latter.
44
Kaurin, Dragoljub. "Cyclical theories of social change: Spengler and Toynbee." Sociologija 49, no. 4 (2007): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc0704289k.
Abstract:
This paper is centrally concerned with discussing critically and rethinking the theoretical concepts put forward by Oswald Spengler in Decline of the West and Arnold Toynbee in A Study of History. It focuses on the theoretical, heuristic and epistemological value of these theories in the era of renaissance of philosophic history in some quarters (see for example Graham, 2002) and cooperation between social sciences. Spengler is credited with the idea of historical cycles, rethinking of the progressivist view and discovering a radically different approach to the study of the human past, which is embodied in his idea of culture as the proper unit for historical and sociological study. However, some of his views proved to be intrinsically intellectually dubious, but on the whole, his was a major contribution to the study of social change. Arnold Toynbee on the other hand was more empirically and sociologically oriented, while Spengler?s views are more heavily philosophical. Toynbee partly developed his ideas rather consistently, but at the same time included many unclear and inaccurate points in his theory. Both authors can be rightfully considered to be classical authors in this field and both provided incentive for studies that cross-cut social sciences (philosophy, history, sociology). Moreover, Decline of the West and A Study of History are truly post-disciplinary works.
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Reza Adeputra Tohis. "Political Philosophy of Illumination: An Analysis of Political Dimensions in Suhrawardi's Thought." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, no. 2 (November 11, 2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.11.
Abstract:
Suhrawardi is a renowned philosopher famous for his thoughts on the philosophy of Illumination. His thoughts are contained in his mangnum opus, The Wisdom of Al-Isryq (Hikmat Al-Isryq). This study aims to reveal the prominent aspect of various political dimensions in his work, whose primordial focus was on the aspects of the political system and the concept of power. The political system and the concept of power were then characterized as a political philosophy of Illumination. For this reason, this study not only uses a qualitative method with factual historical study techniques regarding figures but also uses an analytical approach to the theory of sociology of knowledge by Peter L. Berger and Thomas Lucmann and the theory of socio-political philosophy of al-Farabi's emanation. The sociology of knowledge is used to analyze the social dimensions involved in the formation of Suhrawardi's thoughts. Meanwhile, the socio-political philosophy of emanation is used to characterize the system and the concept of political power contained in the Wisdom of al-Isryq. The study concludes that the political system contained in the Illumination philosophy is divine, theocratic, and based on the concept of power in the form of self-control.
Keywords: Hikmat al-Isryq, Illumination Political Philosophy, Suhrawardi, Reality, Sociology of Knowledge
46
Chauvigné, Céline, Bruno Robbes, and Marie Vergnon. "Pédagogie, pédagogies: perspectives philosophiques, historiques et pratiques contemporaines pour les sciences de l’éducation en France." Studi sulla Formazione/Open Journal of Education 26, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/ssf-14981.
Abstract:
In France, the emergence of the science of education at the end of the 19th century, and of educational sciences as a university discipline in 1967, is consubstantial with the discipline’s interest in pedagogical analysis. This article presents the three main areas in which pedagogy is studied in France today: a first domain of research related to philosophy and sociology, a second field of research focusing on the history of pedagogies and pedagogues, and a third trend dealing with the study of contemporary pedagogies.
47
Scotti, Alessandra. "Per un’ecologia corporale. Rilievi merleau-pontiani nel pensiero ecologico, fra antropocene e crisi ambientale." Chiasmi International 24 (2022): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chiasmi2022249.
Abstract:
In recent years, the concept of the Anthropocene has summoned such an archipelago of senses that the academic debate related to this term, which initially emerged in the natural sciences, has since penetrated the fields of philosophy, economy, history, and sociology. To draw a possible cartography of the Anthropocene, we wish before anything else to emphasize the intrinsic connection between the debate on the Anthropocene and the theme of climate change, and, more generally, of the environmental crisis. We will attempt to show, also, how a Merleau-Pontyan philosophy that is constitutively dedicated to overcoming dichotomies – philosophy and non-philosophy, nature and culture, subject and object – can provide a valuable methodological and ontological support for the study of the environmental question and the ecological crisis. This philosophy belongs, in its own right, among the non-sad philosophies for thinking climate change.
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Norkus, Zenonas. "Troubles with Mechanisms: Problems of the 'Mechanistic Turn' in Historical Sociology and Social History." Journal of the Philosophy of History 1, no. 2 (2007): 160–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226307x208923.
Abstract:
AbstractThis paper discusses the prospect of the "new social history" guided by the recent work of Charles Tilly on the methodology of social and historical explanation. Tilly advocates explanation by mechanisms as the alternative to the covering law explanation. Tilly's proposals are considered to be the attempt to reshape the practices of social and historical explanation following the example set by the explanatory practices of molecular biology, neurobiology, and other recent "success stories" in the life sciences. Recent work in the philosophy of science on these practices by Peter Machamer, Lindley Darden, Carl Craver and others is used as the foil to disclose the difficulties of Tilly's project. Most important among them is the dilemma of specification: if diagrams (standard forms of the representation of mechanisms) are intended as representations of robust causal processes, they cannot be specific enough to provide complete mechanism schemata, and are bound to remain mechanism sketches. If mechanism sketches are elaborated in detail by tracing particular causal processes, they provide representations of fragile causal processes, which cannot be considered as mechanisms comparable to those in advanced life and other special sciences. Tilly's work on the explanation of mechanisms can be considered as symptomatic for the recent trend to visualize the forms of historical representation. As far as diagrams seem to be able to communicate stories in a direct way (without narrative discourse), this trend is a challenge for the theory of historical representation. The new theories of scientific explanation focusing on the explanatory practices of the life sciences can provide examples and be the source of inspiration for the work on the theory of historical and social explanation, going beyond the confines of the received framework of the covering law model of explanation.
49
Moore, James. "Darwinizing History: Sociobiology versus Sociology." British Journal for the History of Science 22, no. 4 (December 1989): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400026376.
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Di Bernardo, Giuliano. "Explanation in the social sciences." EPISTEMOLOGIA, no. 2 (November 2012): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/epis2012-002002.
Abstract:
This paper treats a classical topic of scientific epistemology from a new point of view. It considers biology to be a science intermediate between physics and sociology, and the transition from physics to biology as proceeding upwards. As a consequence, any type of reductionism will be avoided. The foundation of sociology can now be viewed as an extension of physics and biology. Indeed social reality is built by means of constitutive rules that create those social facts that have been denominated ‘institutional' (such as governments and all state institutions, marriage, and money). Having argued for the connection among values and norms (ought-to-be) and actions (is), the problem is that of justifying this connection. Can values and norms be reasons that explain action? Can reasons be understood as causes? In this paper the thesis is advocated that reasons are not sufficient for causally explaining actions. Taking up the classical analysis of ‘practical inference', I want to point out that, if from the reasons for action (understood as causes) logically followed the action itself, the reasons would be sufficient causes of the action: indeed, this would eliminate free will. For this reason, we must examine the problem of free will. My conclusion is in favor of the position of B. Libet, who has demonstrated free will experimentally, and therefore the nondeterministic nature of the practical-inferential model.