Journal articles: 'History, prerevolutionary'

1

Brown, Howard G. "Violence and Honor in Prerevolutionary Périgord." French History 32, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 604–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/cry079.

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Salinger, Sharon V., and Charles Wetherell. "Wealth and Renting in Prerevolutionary Philadelphia." Journal of American History 71, no. 4 (March 1985): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1888506.

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Shirokorad, L. D. "Nikolay Sieber in the history of prerevolutionary Russian economic thought." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 28, 2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-4-95-110.

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This article shows how representatives of various theoretical currents in economics at different times in history interpreted the efforts of Nikolay Sieber in defending and developing Marxian economic theory and assessed his legacy and role in forming the Marxist school in Russian political economy. The article defines three stages in this process: publication of Sieber’s work dedicated to the analysis of the first volume of Marx’s Das Kapital and criticism of it by Russian opponents of Marxian economic theory; assessment of Sieber’s work by the narodniks, “Legal Marxists”, Georgiy Plekhanov, and Vladimir Lenin; the decline in interest in Sieber in light of the growing tendency towards an “organic synthesis” of the theory of marginal utility and the Marxist social viewpoint.

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Goncharov, Yurii, and Olga Klimova. "The historiography of the history of the entrepreneurship in prerevolutionary Siberia." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.5970.

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The article is devoted to the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia of early 19th – early 20th century. Historiography of entrepreneurial activity in the largest region of Russia is poorly studied. The theoretical basis of the article is the theory of modernization. The main method of research is historiographical analysis. The article is based on the study of a wide range of scientific literature on the history of entrepreneurship in Siberia. The paper highlights the periods of study of entrepreneurship, the main approaches, research problems. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclusion that nowadays there are both a large number of publications and genre diversity, and an increase in the source base of the breadth of research problems, the search for new methodological approaches. As a result of the work done, historians managed to accumulate a large amount of factual material, study the history of entrepreneurship in the region, cover almost all aspects of the life of Siberian entrepreneurs.

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Gayne, Mary K. "Violence and Honor in Prerevolutionary Périgord, by Steven G. Reinhardt." English Historical Review 135, no. 574 (May 9, 2020): 694–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/ceaa102.

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Swift, E. Anthony. "Workers' Theater and "Proletarian Culture" in Prerevolutionary Russia, 1905-1917." Russian History 23, no. 1-4 (1996): 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633196x00060.

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Popova, Anna, and Dmitry Pozharsky. "The concept of a “free school” by K.V. Ventzel and V.N. Chekhov: on the use of pre-revolutionary and Soviet experience in modern Russian realities." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, no. 7-2 (July 1, 2023): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202307statyi40.

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Based on the analysis of the creative heritage of outstanding representatives of prerevolutionary and Soviet pedagogy, the article reveals the principles of building a “free school” based on taking into account the interests of each student and creating individual conditions for achieving the highest results. The concept of free education of the individual was adopted after the October Revolution, practically used in the practice of creating a “new school” in the first third of the 20th century, proving its effectiveness in the education and formation of the Soviet man. It is established that the theoretical postulates of a new type of pedagogy by V.N. Chekhov and K.N. Ventzel were the forerunner of the Western theory of a personality-oriented approach to education, the so-called transformative model of pedagogy, which became widespread in the late 20th - early 21st centuries. The authors substantiate the necessity and possibility of using the experience of prerevolutionary and Soviet pedagogy in modern realities.

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Carroll, Stuart. "Steven G. Reinhardt, Violence and Honor in Prerevolutionary Périgord." European History Quarterly 48, no. 4 (October 2018): 768–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265691418805350x.

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Kotlyar, Nadezhda Vasil'evna. "Public organizations in prerevolutionary Russia: classification issues." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 6 (June 2021): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.6.32265.

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The goal of this research is to trace the evolution of views on public organizations (societies) of prerevolutionary Russia, determine the criteria for their classification based on various approaches, views and requirements of the time. The subject of this research is the classifications (typologies) of prerevolutionary societies that formed under the influence of sociopolitical realities, as well as their basic principles. The relevance of this topic is defined by the need to clarify the place and role of legal public initiative in the implementation of the demands of modern society through the prism of classification of public organizations. The research methodology leans on the synthesis of civilizational and formational approaches: public organizations of pre-evolutionary Russia are understood as a phenomenon of bourgeois society, subordinated to the interests of the ruling class, and at the same time, as the institution of modernizing society and nascent civil society. Systematic approach substantiates the polar conclusions of different epoch, and views the creation and activity of such societies as a gradual development of public initiative. Inductive method of transitioning from systematization to rather general representations allows determining the classification criteria for such organizations due to the specific role assigned to them at different stages of individual initiative in the Russian historiography. The novelty of this article consists in establishing correlation between the sociopolitical processes of prerevolutionary period of the Russian history and the classification criteria for public organizations adopted in the academic community. The author outlines the stages and principles of formation of the typologies of public organizations at different chronological segments of the late XIX – early XXI centuries. The article offers classification of prerevolutionary societies based on combination of the two categories: the “sphere” of public life and the “purpose” of activity of the organization.

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Baker, Keith M. "Tocqueville’s Blind Spot? Political Contestations Under the Old Regime." Tocqueville Review 27, no. 2 (January 2006): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.27.2.257.

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Among the most significant features and principal achievements of the historiography of the Old Regime over the past quarter century has been the reassessment of the prerevolutionary constitutional conflicts between the French royal government and the parlements.

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Tumanova, Anastasiya S., and Alexander A. Safonov. "CHARTERS OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA." RUDN Journal of Law 24, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 113–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2337-2020-24-1-113-136.

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The article deals with the history of doctrinal formation of the content of the charter of voluntary association of Late Imperial Russia, as well as the role of the charter in regulating the phenomenon of social self-organization. This problem is practically don't studied in the scientific literature. It is based on the involvement of a broad corpus of published sources (constituent documents of public organizations, materials of clerical work of public institutions, etc.) and archives (documents of the RGIA). The legal policy of the Russian government aimed at establishing uniformity in the content of constituent documents of voluntary societies and the principles of their relationship with the state according to the creation, re-registration, termination of societies is analyzed. This national framework is assessed from the standpoint of the content of corporate regulation in Late Imperial Russia, the degree of intervention of the state in this process. Russian and European sources for the formation of corporate legislation on voluntary associations are considered. The analysis of constituent documents of various groups of organizations in prerevolutionary Russia takes a significant place. They are studied according to the content, structure, general and special features, field of activity. The authors investigate how independent creativity of the founders was expressed when drawing up the charters of organizations that do not fully comply with typical constituent documents, find out its meaning and boundaries. The authors come to the conclusion that the charters gave Russian associations substantial autonomy in the inner life (defining goals and objectives, methods of capital formation, requirements for categories of members, etc.), but rather strictly prescribed the “external” context of their functioning, coupled with the interaction with state authorities.

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Orlova, L. N., and L. V. Izhoikina. "DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORY OF THE RUSSIAN AND SOVIET SCHOOLS." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 31 (2021): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2021-31-176-181.

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The article examines the formation and development of the theory and practice of biological education — from the prerevolutionary Russian school to the Soviet school. Based on the presented curricula, it is possible to judge the priorities of educational policy, the importance attached to biology and other academic subjects of the natural science cycle. The dependence of their teaching on the development of scientific research is shown.

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Shulgina, Olga, and Dar'ya Pavlovna Shul'gina. "Soviet period in the history of tourism development in Russia: integration of cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 3 (March 2021): 150–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2021.3.36062.

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The object of this research is the history of tourism development in Russia. The subject of this research is the factors and peculiarities of the development of Russian tourism in the Soviet period (1918-1991). Based on documentary and literary sources, the author characterizes the peculiarity of the phenomenon of Soviet tourism following its key stages. Special attention is given to the integration of tourism, cultural heritage, government policy, ideology, and economy during the Soviet period. Tourism is viewed in the context of socioeconomic and political transformations of the Soviet society, cultural development, and attitude towards prerevolutionary cultural heritage in the Soviet society. The article traces the formation of a new socialist cultural heritage as a factor of tourism development, effective method of ideological education, and enlightenment of the population in the context of socialist ideas. The following conclusions were made: the groundwork on tourism laid in the prerevolutionary period have subsequently been transformed; the peculiarities of Soviet tourism formed with a clear ideological component and specific types. The author indicated impeccable success achieved in the tourism sector during this period; however, it took its own peculiar path. If the foreign countries were focused on improving comfort and infrastructure, commercialization and competitiveness of services between the travel agencies, then in Soviet Russia, tourism was controlled by the government and developed in the context of the objectives of party-state building. The author’s special contribution consists in carrying out periodization of the development of Russian tourism during the Soviet time; detailed characteristic of each period; determination of specificity of using prerevolutionary cultural heritage along with new cultural objects and traditions of the Soviet time in tourism. The novelty consists in revealing the key peculiarities and stages of tourism development in Soviet Russia. Tourism is viewed in relation to the development and new perception of the cultural heritage of Russia, as well as the development of peculiar unique approaches towards the dominant sites for tourist visits.

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Smith, Jay M. "Whistleblowing as Historical Artifact: Administrative Corruption Meets Truth-Telling in Prerevolutionary France." Journal of Modern History 93, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 533–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/715327.

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15

Stites, Richard. "Dusky Images of Tsarist Russia: Prerevolutionary Cinema." Russian Review 53, no. 2 (April 1994): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130827.

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16

Berlanstein, Lenard R., and Sarah Maza. "Private Lives and Public Affairs: The Causes Celebres of Prerevolutionary France." American Historical Review 100, no. 2 (April 1995): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2169077.

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17

FREEZE, GREGORY L. "RUSSIAN ORTHODOXY IN PREREVOLUTIONARY HISTORIOGRAPHY: THE CASE OF V. O. KLIUCHEVSKII." Canadian-American Slavic Studies 20, no. 4 (1986): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221023986x00340.

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Zhukova, Anastasia, and Svetlana Zaitseva. "G.M. Sprengtporten (1740–1819) in Russian historiography." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 5-2 (May 1, 2021): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202105statyi58.

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The article is devoted to the study of G.M. Sprengtporten’s (1740-1819) personality and activities by Russian historians. The authors analyze the works of the prerevolutionary, Soviet and modern periods, highlight the most significant studies devoted to G.M. Sprengtporten, the history of Finland and Russian-Swedish relations, as well as other events of the late 18 - early 19 centuries, in which the hero of the article was involved. The characteristics of the controversial moments encountered in historical works, which relate to the political and state activities of G.M. Sprengtporten, are given.

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Bogomolov, Igor' K. "1917: Historical Divide? Review of: Matthias Neumann, Andy Willimott (eds.) Rethinking the Russian Revolution as Historical Divide. London, New York: Routledge, 2018." Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 4, no. 4 (2020): 1401–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2020-4-4-10.

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The collective monograph makes a new attempt to rethink the Russian revolution as a ‘historical divide’ between eras in Russian and world history. The authors come to the conclusion that the revolutionary transformation of Russia went far beyond the borders of 1917, capturing not only the Russian Civil War, but also the first decade of Soviet power. The most important and valuable observations relate to the hidden and still underestimated socio-cultural influence of prerevolutionary Russia on the seemingly completely special ‘Soviet world’.

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Mitypova, G. S. "Buddhism as a Factor in Educational Processes in Buryatia: Socio-Historical Aspects." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 38 (2021): 118–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2021.38.118.

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The article examines some socio-historical aspects in the context of educational processes in Buryatia in the case of the integration of Buddhist institutions in the field of culture and education in the early 20th and 21th centuries. Today Buddhism in Buryatia is one of sustainable confessional institutions and has all the traditions in its arsenal it had in prerevolutionary history. They are restored datsan complexes, the development of building construction, architecture, and crafts, the establishment of parish communities that are characteristic of the cultural landscape of the region.

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Kostylev, Yuri S. "Prerevolutionary Names of Mining Sites of the Beryozovsky Gold Deposit." Вопросы ономастики 17, no. 3 (2020): 226–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2020.17.3.041.

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The article deals with the proper names of mines, veins, digging pits, and other natural and artificial mining sites located on the territory of the Beryozovsky Gold Deposit (Middle Urals, Russia). The vast majority of these onomastic units appeared in the 18th–19th centuries, in the course of the mining development (since its start in 1745 and until 1917), and are still in more or less active use today. The study aims to identify the motivation for the toponymic objects in the area and to trace the systemic features of them as a naming system. The analysis comprises 268 units retrieved from specialized works on the history of gold mining, the Middle Urals, and specifically the Beryozovsky Deposit. To meet the goals of the study, these are considered in the motivational aspect and in terms of their systemic relations. It appears that a significant part (up to 50%) of names is the result of formal or semantic derivation and are “inherited” from other sites by metonymic transfer or due to the reorganization of previously existing mining facilities. In the motivational aspect, deanthroponymic derivatives tend to predominate. A large number of these names have a memorial character, and their eponyms are often indirectly related to the territory under consideration. In other cases, the toponyms may refer to work managers or owners of specific sites. The religious vocabulary is another important motivation source. There are relatively few names that are motivated by the essential properties of the named objects. Incidentally, these can point to the estimated gold content of the vein or to its geographical location. All these features clearly demonstrate the artificial nature of the analyzed onomastic system. On the extralinguistic side, its formation is driven by the consistent development of the field territory which required administrative regulation of naming.

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Lilly, Ian K. "Conviviality in the Prerevolutionary "Moscow Text" of Russian Culture." Russian Review 63, no. 3 (July 2004): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9434.2004.00325.x.

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Merkulov, P. A. "THE HISTORY OF GOVERNMENT SOCIAL POLICY IN RELATION TO YOUTH IN PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA (XVIII-XIX)." History: Facts and Symbols 11, no. 2 (2017): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.24888/2410-4205-2017-11-2-127-133.

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Kley, Dale K. Van. "Pure Politics in Absolute Space: The English Angle on the Political History of Prerevolutionary France." Journal of Modern History 69, no. 4 (December 1997): 754–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/245593.

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Yudina, Vera I. "The Musical Culture of the Russian Province in the Mirror of Prerevolutionary Periodicals." Problemy muzykal'noi nauki / Music Scholarship, no. 3 (2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.56620/2782-3598.2023.3.047-057.

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From the positions of systemic analysis, the author of the article determines the role of periodical press as an important source of research of the musical culture of the prerevolutionary Russian province. Against the background of the development of humanitarian knowledge, the studies of the musical provinces actualize the issue of the base of its scholarly field related to source studies. Particularly periodical press contains the basic information about the musical life of the prerevolutionary period of Russian history in all of its diversity. The periodical publications — from the capital cities and the periphery, the general and the specialized varieties — are specified on the basis of an elaborated classification. Emphasis is given to various printed material, different in its indication of genre, devoted to musical life in various cities of the Russian Empire — analytic sketches, survey correspondence, articles on music history, and informational-advertising production. The question is broached of the genre-related and stylistic transformation of musical journalism from descriptive overviews to articles of a problem-based culturological character. The participation of the activists of musical culture from a number of Russian cities in the formation of the areal tradition of musical criticism, the intensification of artistic connections between the provinces and the two Russian capital cities, the evolution of musical life in different cities (for example, in Odessa, Tiflis, Kharkov, etc.) — all of these are disclosed in the article. The musical periodical press of various provincial regions of Russia, represented by materials that are diverse in their genre and territorial affiliation, which has undergone a significant transformation of its content during the course of the entire 19th and the early 20th century, has made a significant contribution to the formation and the development of Russian music criticism and Russian musical culture in general.

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Gordon, Daniel, and John D. Woodbridge. "Revolt in Prerevolutionary France: The Prince de Conti's Conspiracy against Louis XV, 1755-1757." American Historical Review 101, no. 5 (December 1996): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170231.

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Wood. "Defenders of National Honor: Club Atlético de Cuba Tigres in Prerevolutionary Cuban Gridiron Football." Journal of Sport History 47, no. 1 (2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.47.1.0040.

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Worobec, Christine D. "Witchcraft Beliefs and Practices in Prerevolutionary Russian and Ukrainian Villages." Russian Review 54, no. 2 (April 1995): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/130913.

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Бирюкова, А. М. "Russian Historiography of Peasant Entrepreneurship in the Moscow Province." Вестник Рязанского государственного университета имени С.А. Есенина, no. 1(70) (March 17, 2021): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2021.70.1.002.

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Рассматриваются основные вехи отечественной историографии истории предпринимательства крестьян Московской губернии конца XIX — начала ХХ века. Автором прослежены тенденции в изучении данной темы на соответствующих исторических этапах — дореволюционном, советском и постсоветском. В дореволюционной историографии исследовались условия и факторы становления и развития крестьянского предпринимательства, региональная специфика промысловой активности крестьянства. Советская аграрно-историческая наука преимущественное внимание уделяла социально-классовым аспектам, в частности динамике доходов и расходов крестьянского хозяйства, исследуемой в том числе с широким применением историко-статистических методов. В современных условиях историки стремятся к многофакторному междисциплинарному анализу социально-экономического положения подмосковных крестьян. В статье охарактеризованы научные труды и исследовательские концепции в отечественной историографии аграрно-крестьянских аспектов отечественной истории. В итоге автор приходит к выводу, что изучение крестьянского предпринимательства в России конца XIX — начала ХХ века в целом и Подмосковье в частности носило фрагментарный характер. Исследователей интересовали лишь отдельные аспекты предпринимательской деятельности крестьян, такие как мелкотоварное производство, промысловая деятельность, отходничество, земельная аренда, а также сбыт сельскохозяйственной и молочной продукции. The article treats major landmarks of the history of Russian peasant entrepreneurship in the Moscow Province of the late 19th — early 20thcenturies. The author analyzes the tendencies associated with the investigation of the issue at various historical stages: the prerevolutionary stage, the Soviet stage, the post-Soviet stage. Prerevolutionary historiography focuses on the conditions and factors pertaining to the development of peasant entrepreneurship, region-dependent specialization of peasants’ trade-related activities. Soviet agrarian history focuses on the issues of social status and class, including the dynamics of peasants’ income and expense, which are investigated via a number of historical and statistical methods. Modern scholars tend to analyze social and economic conditions Moscow peasants lived in. The article investigates research works and research concepts associated with historiography of peasant-related aspects of Russian history. The author concludes that the investigation of peasant entrepreneurship in the late 19th — early 20th centuries in Russia in general and the Moscow Region in particular is rather fragmentary. Researchers focus on some aspects of peasant entrepreneurship, such as small commodity production, seasonal work, land leasing, agricultural and dairy marketing.

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Hemment, Julie, and Valentina Uspenskaya. "“The 1990s Wasn’t Just a Time of Bandits; We Feminists Were Also Making Mischief!”." Aspasia 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 20–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/asp.2020.140104.

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In this forum, we reflect on the genesis and history of the Tver’ Center for Women’s History and Gender Studies—its inspiration and the qualities that have enabled it to flourish and survive the political changes of the last twenty years, as well as the unique project of women educating women it represents. Inspired by historical feminist forebears, it remains a hub of intergenerational connection, inspiring young women via exposure to lost histories of women’s struggle for emancipation during the prerevolutionary and socialist periods, as well as the recent postsocialist past. Using an ethnographic account of the center’s twentieth anniversary conference as a starting point, we discuss some of its most salient and distinguishing features, as well as the unique educational project it represents and undertakes: the center’s origins in exchange and mutual feminist enlightenment; its historical orientation (women educating [wo]men in emancipation history); and its commitment to the postsocialist feminist “East-West” exchange.

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Behdad, Sohrab. "Winners and Losers of The Iranian Revolution: A Study in Income Distribution." International Journal of Middle East Studies 21, no. 3 (August 1989): 327–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800032542.

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The income inequality gap in prerevolutionary Iran was no doubt a contributing factor to the mass mobilization of Iranians in the 1979 Revolution. The Resolution of the Ashura March (December 11, 1978) demanded the establishment of “social justice, the right of workers and peasants to the full benefit from the product of their labor” and an end to “any form of discrimination, exploitation, profiteering and economic domination which may result in the accumulation of great wealth, on the one hand, and deprivation and poverty on the other.”

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Uskova, Marina. "Doctrinal Issues of Legal Nature of Insurance Contract in Prerevolutionary and Soviet Periods of Russian Law History." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 5. Jurisprudencija, no. 4 (November 2016): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu5.2016.4.12.

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Kerig, Patricia K., Yulya Y. Alyoshina, and Alia S. Volovich. "Gender-Role Socialization in Contemporary Russia." Psychology of Women Quarterly 17, no. 4 (December 1993): 389–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1993.tb00652.x.

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This article represents a collaboration between Russian and Western researchers concerned with the cross-cultural study of gender. A contemporary Russian psychoanalytic perspective on gender role development in the context of their own culture is presented, and its relationship to the Soviet and Western research literature is explored. Historical changes are noted in the transitions from prerevolutionary peasant society to Soviet socialism and to the new reforms in Russia. A long standing ambivalence toward agentic values is described throughout these phases of Russian history, and its legacy is identified in current social problems. Difficulties inherent in using Western conceptualizations of gender roles in this different context are discussed, as are points of compatibility, and their application to an investigation of Russian gender roles is illustrated.

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Morris, Richard J. "A note on the economic impact of the prerevolutionary nonimportation movements on urban artisans." Labor History 50, no. 3 (July 2, 2009): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00236560903020856.

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Lutokhina, Y. A., O. V. Blagova, A. I. Zaitseva, and A. V. Nedostup. "Director of the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic Nikolay Fedorovich Golubov: Scientific Activity, Last Years of Life and Finding of the Lost Grave (by the 165th Anniversary from Birthday)." Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 17, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 792–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20996/1819-6446-2021-10-16.

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September, 2021 marks the 175th anniversary of the opening of the Faculty Therapeutic Clinic (FTC) of the Imperial Moscow University, which is a successor of the First (1805) and Second (1820) Clinical Institutes with their therapeutic beds and chairs, and thus is the oldest therapeutic clinic in Russia. From 1930 the Clinic became part of the newly formed I.M. Sechenov First Moscow Medical Institute (now Sechenov University) and retains continuity to the present day. This publication is one of three research articles prepared by the staff of the Clinic for the anniversary and devoted to little-known pages of biography and scientific activities of the three heads of the FTC at the crucial stages of its history – A.I. Over, G.A. Zakharyin and the last prerevolutionary director – N.F. Golubov.

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Mikhalchenko, Sergey I., and Elena V. Tkachenko. "Mstislav V. Shakhmatov, Historian of Law." History of state and law 1 (January 28, 2021): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-1-36-44.

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The article is dedicated to the life and work of Historian of Law Mstislav V. Shakhmatov (1888 to 1943). Shakhmatov was mostly engaged in history of legal and political doctrines of the period before Peter the Great. His concept of the ‘state of truth’ in Ancient Rus is especially famous. However, his biography remains absolutely unknown. The article restores previously unknown peculiarities of the Shakhmatov’s studies at the Saint Petersburg University and his further work in state authorities during the prerevolutionary period, his life in exile in Czechoslovakia: teaching at the Russian Law Faculty in Prague, articles and monograph preparation, thesis defense. The sources of the article are for the most part nonpublished files from the archives of Russia (the State Archive of the Russian Federation, the Russian State Historical Archive, the Saint Petersburg Central State Historical Archive), Germany, Slovenia, Czechia.

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Sinyushko, Dmytro. "PREREVOLUTIONARY PERIOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF LEGISLATION AGAINST CRIME IN THE FIELD OF FOREST FUND." Law Journal of Donbass 75, no. 2 (2021): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32366/2523-4269-2021-75-2-105-113.

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The article, based on historical and legal analysis, examines the evolutionary development of criminal law support for combating crime in the field of forest resources in modern Ukraine. The author identifies trends in the historical and legal development of criminal law counteraction to forest violations in Ukraine, which were associated with the peculiarities of land ownership, political and socio-economic status of society. The study found that criminal law counteraction to forest violations in independent Ukraine is characterized by the search for an effective model, which should largely include historical experience. Generalizations were made, recommendations were given to improve the fight against crimes in the field of forest resources. The study of historical and legal literature makes it possible to conclude that the history of Ukrainian criminal law in the field of forest protection covers three chronological periods: the first period (pre-revolutionary) – from the times of «Ruska Pravda» and until 1917; second period (Soviet) – from 1917 to 1991; third period (post-Soviet) – since 1991. It is important to note that natural conditions have developed so that the boundary between the forest and the steppe was not clearly expressed. The location of settlements has solved a number of important issues. First, the forest served as an object of crafts, hunting, boarding. Secondly, the trees were cut down, cocturns for expansion of agricultural areas, pastures for grazing livestock, meadows for harvesting hay. Thirdly, in the woods could always be hiding from raids of nomads. So іn addition, can conclude that the historical experience of the formulation of norms regulating the responsibility for criminal offices is now relevant: by introducing in the norm of such elements, which maximally motivate the foresters to hold from criminal encroachments and cause moral condemnation of such acts; use of stimulating the rails to conscientious forest use, even in the case of committing a violation, by reporting it and the inclusion of an enhanced punishment for concealing such a violation; by differentiation of responsibility, depending on the degree of fire hazard in forests; introduction to the signs of a crime committed by destroying or damaging forest plantations, the location of such acts near settlements.

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Guseltseva, Marina S. "State Academy of Arts: Traditions and Modernity. Part 1: Inexhaustible History." Volga Region Pedagogical Search 2, no. 36 (2021): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33065/2307-1052-2021-2-36-8-20.

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The State Academy of Arts (SAA) represents the phenomenon of Russian culture at the beginning of the 20th century, still the research interest in SAA has not been exhausted to this day. Its appearance is due to the configuration of random factors, unintentional social actions, as well as the implicit, inertial development of prerevolutionary cultural movements in the first decade of the Soviet era. Interdisciplinarity, the search for a synthesis of arts acted as a kind of trail of the Silver Age, the aftertaste of the interrupted era, continuation of its life outburst. After all, cultural traditions are not transformed swiftly and radically together with the political and economic changes, they have a time lag, lasting and dissolving in the changed modernity. They are modified, incorporated into reality under different names, merging with the mainstream of the era or dissipating into the marginal ones. From this perspective, the State Academy of Arts was a scientific structure, on the one hand, surprising in its strangeness for the Soviet era, and on the other hand, congenial to the Silver Age already left behind. The Academy not only preserved and extended the pre-revolutionary intellectual culture in the already changed country, but also itself was fed by the energy of the changes being created. Thus, along with a conscious orientation to interdisciplinarity and synthesis by art, the Academy combined “antiquity” and “novelty”, integrated tendencies of conservation and change in culture.

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Keshavarzian, Arang. "REGIME LOYALTY AND BĀZĀRĪ REPRESENTATION UNDER THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN: DILEMMAS OF THE SOCIETY OF ISLAMIC COALITION." International Journal of Middle East Studies 41, no. 2 (May 2009): 246a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809090965.

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Tracing the political trajectory of the Society of Islamic Coalition Association (SIC) since the Islamic Revolution, this paper explains the party's poor electoral performance and its increasingly apparent divergence from its assumed social base, the bazaar (bāzārī) community. The article argues that SIC organization and behavior are influenced by the experiences of the prerevolutionary era and state institutions of the Islamic republic. SIC's initial position of power was associated with its members' long-standing relations with the founders of the regime. However, this ultimately laid the foundation for its unwillingness and inability to develop an institutionalized party structure with a social base. As a consequence, bāzārīs have increasingly been alienated from the party leadership and unable to represent their group interests in institutional politics. The analytical narrative incorporates insights from institutionalist approaches to authoritarian politics and presents a view of Iranian political history that stresses contingency, fluidity, and pragmatism in political decision making by elites.

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Kelly, Catriona. "Socialist Churches: Heritage Preservation and “Cultic Buildings” in Leningrad, 1924-1940." Slavic Review 71, no. 4 (2012): 792–823. http://dx.doi.org/10.5612/slavicreview.71.4.0792.

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The demolition of churches is a notorious episode in Soviet political history, normally discussed in the context of the history of church-state relations. Yet which prerevolutionary buildings were meant to fit into a “model socialist city” such as Leningrad and how this was to happen was also a planning issue. Soviet planners (unlike members of the militant atheist movement) drew a distinction between buildings and their (current or possible) functions. The monument protection agencies were often successful in arguing that buildings of “historic and artistic importance” should be preserved, even in the face of considerable pressure from other city departments (for example, the suggestion that Smol'nyi Cathedral be demolished for the bricks). However, they gave preference to churches that lacked an “odiously ecclesiastical appearance,” were ruthless about sacrificing churches that they deemed to be of secondary significance, and readily agreed to secular uses for “cultic buildings.” As Catriona Kelly shows in this article, most of the local intelligentsia considered these planning decisions to be appropriate; it was not until the postwar decades, and more particularly the Brezhnev era, that attitudes to “cultic buildings” began to change.

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Solzhenitsyn, Alexander. "Two Hundred Years Together." Common Knowledge 25, no. 1-3 (April 1, 2019): 501–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-7579425.

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This essay is a translated excerpt from the first volume of Solzhenitsyn’s controversial history of Russian-Jewish relations, Dvesti let vmeste: 1795 – 1995, which was first published in Russian in 2001 and 2002. Solzhenitsyn writes from explicitly nationalist positions, ascribing defined identities and “fates” to disparate peoples, and seeks to offer a “two-sided and equitable” account of the “sins” and historical “guilt” of both Russians and Jews. He seeks to establish “mutually accessible and benevolent paths along which Russian-Jewish relations may proceed” on the basis of an honest and full accounting of history. In this excerpt he treats the immediate prerevolutionary period of the early twentieth century, drawing on the writings of a number of prominent commentators of that period, both Jewish and Russian. He argues that a combination of, on the one hand, the investments of the progressive Russian intelligentsia in atonement for anti-Semitic policies and social violence, and, on the other, Jewish assimilation to Russian cultural life led to an identification of Jews with revolutionary and anti-tsarist culture. Among the figures treated here by Solzhenitsyn are Vladimir Jabotinsky, Lev Tolstoi, Nikolai Berdiaev, and Pyotr Struve.

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Marshall, Stuart H. "Dividing the Carolinas: Indians, Colonists, and Slaves in the Prerevolutionary Boundary Dispute, 1763–1773." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21, no. 1 (January 2023): 42–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2023.0001.

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Lovell, Stephen. "Between Arcadia and Suburbia: Dachas in Late Imperial Russia." Slavic Review 61, no. 1 (2002): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2696983.

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In the last few prerevolutionary decades, dachas (summer houses) became an amenity accessible to wide sections of the population of Russia’s two main cities. Dachas offered middle-income urbanites unprecedented scope to free themselves from the workplace, cultivate new lifestyles, and create new communities and subcultures. Dachas thus constitute an important element in the history of late imperial leisure, entertainment, consumption, everyday life, and urban development. They also illustrate the complexity and hybridity of urban culture in this period. The dacha public was diverse in its tastes and sociocultural allegiances; it blended the intelligentsia’s commitment to the simple country life with a more “petit bourgeois” interest in diversion and domestic comfort. As an isolated bridgehead of urban civilization in an undercivilized rural hinterland, the dacha provides an important focus for discussing the middle strata of Moscow and St. Petersburg. If the tag “middle-class” could be applied to anyone in late imperial Russia, it was to the dachniki.

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Kisel, Maria. "Feuilletons Don't Burn: Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita and the Imagined “Soviet Reader“." Slavic Review 68, no. 3 (2009): 582–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0037677900019756.

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Maria Kisel argues that Mikhail Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita can be read as a persuasive novel, intended to educate Soviet readers who, like the character Ivan Bezdomnyi, are ignorant of history and culture beyond their insulated Soviet reality. Kisel demonstrates how Bulgakov's novel coopts the form and themes of the Soviet satirical feuilleton to explain the virtues of the prerevolutionary cultural realm rooted in the western European intellectual tradition. To render his own cultural perspective accessible, Bulgakov revisits his early feuilletons written for the newspaper Gudok, a category of writings he claimed to disdain. The Master and Margarita demonstrates a complex relationship with the imagined “Soviet reader,“ who is both an object of ridicule and a desired interlocutor. Examining the connection between the Master and Ivan as analogous to the teacher and disciple dynamic between Bulgakov and his own “Soviet readers,” this article offers a new interpretation of this well-loved and much-discussed masterpiece.

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Tomelleri, Vittorio. "From the History of Ossetian Studies: The Correspondence Between Georgij (Gappo) V. Baev and Giorgi Akhvlediani." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (March 2021): 92–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.6.8.

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After his emigration to the West, Georgij (Gappo) Baev (1865–1939), an outstanding cultural figure in Prerevolutionary Ossetia, spent many years in Germany, where he was involved in the translation of biblical texts into Ossetic and also taught his mother tongue as a lecturer at the Berlin Oriental Seminary (1922–1939). In the manuscript department of the Berlin State Library his personal archive is kept, containing a lot of interesting material, a real treasure of information not only about his personal life, but also and above all on Ossetic culture and history. The present paper features his correspondence with the Georgian linguist Giorgi Akhvlediani (1887–1973), whose personal archive is housed at the Tbilisi State University. The so far unpublished letters and postcards cover a relatively short time frame, namely from the 8 th of September 1927 to the 16 th of October 1928. Besides showing the deep respect and sincere appreciation of the two former colleagues for each other, the texts, all written in Russian, provide interesting facts which shed more light upon their biography and scientific activity. All in all, the professional and at the same time friendly correspondence, being a significant contribution to Ossetic studies, provides an insight into the nostalgic mood of the emigrant, on the one hand, and the interested tone of his counterpart, on the other.

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Sumenkova, Mariia, and Viktoriya Katomina. "Administrative-legal measures in the fight against alcoholism in Russia: history and modernity." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 5 (May 2020): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.5.32770.

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The goal of this research is the formation of conceptual foundation for administrative-legal regulation of fight against alcoholism, cognate with the development of practical recommendations aimed at increasing the efficiency of legal measures of overcoming negative consequences caused by consumption of alcohol beverages. The relevance of this work is determined by severity of the problems related to consumption of alcohol, and as a result, degradation of population, increase in mortality rates, destruction of moral and ethical values of the people, and aggravation of criminogenic situation. The Russian government has always used the administrative-legal measures to combat alcoholism. The object of this research is the social relations in historical retrospective that emerge, develop and transform under the influence of administrative-legal measures of combating alcoholism. The subject is administrative-legal measures of the government aimed at fight against alcoholism. The comparative-legal method allowed juxtaposing the legal measures implemented in prerevolutionary, Soviet and current legislation. The scientific novelty consists in articulation of the problem underlining the need for scientific analysis of administrative-legal measures of combating alcoholism at the domestic level and recommendations on its optimization. The major dilemma of administrative alcohol policy is that one the one hand, excessive liberalization of the consumption of alcohol beverages is the cause of alcoholization of population, while on the other – tightening of control measure leads to the increase of bootlegging, causing the drop in state revenue, as well as worsening of somatic and psychological health of the people.

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Economakis, Evel G. "Patterns of Migration and Settlement in Prerevolutionary St. Petersburg: Peasants from Iaroslavl and Tver Provinces." Russian Review 56, no. 1 (January 1997): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/131483.

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Lappo-Danilevskii, Konstantin Yu. "To the Biography of the Woman Writer Nadezhda A. Lappo-Danilevskaia." Studia Litterarum 8, no. 3 (2023): 298–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2023-8-3-298-321.

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The paper checks and reviews a number of key moments in the generally accepted biography of Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lappo-Danilevskaia (born Liutkevich; 1871–1951), one of the most popular women writers of prerevolutionary Russia and of the Russian emigration, — a biography based first of foremost on information that she herself supplied. It establishes the correct date of her birth (September 29, 1871) and the most plausible birthplace (Mogilev, not Kiev); information about her father’s career and her close relatives is also reported. Materials from various Russian and Western archives allow us to elucidate important episodes of her life, such as: her marriage to the composer Sergei Sergeevich Lappo-Danilevskii (1868–1957) and the birth of their children; her singing career; the censorship of her novel “Princess Mara” (1914); the history of the English translation of her novel “A Russian Gentleman” and of its two editions (both 1917; in New York and in London); her literary and theatrical contacts in exile. Finally the fate of Lappo-Danilevskaia’s memoirs, written in French, is considered; their whereabouts are currently unknown.

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Khamzin, I. R., and R. T. Ganiev. "Russian Tea Trade in Hankou during Second Half of 19th Century: Production of Brick Tea." Nauchnyi dialog 12, no. 10 (December 23, 2023): 512–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2023-12-10-512-528.

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This article addresses the issue of producing the socalled “brick tea” in China at Russian factories during the second half of the 19th century. Compressed teas constituted the second largest group after looseleaf teas highlighted in prerevolutionary Russian literature, sources, and statistics among Chinese teas exported to the Russian market. The study explores aspects of brick tea production that have been least covered in previous historiography. These include issues related to the procurement of raw materials for further pressing at Russian factories, pricing strategies for this product, and the accompanying competition. The experience of utilizing hydraulic presses for more efficient tea production, as well as the dynamics and volumes of brick tea production, are examined. The research revealed that in the latter half of the 19th century, Russian entrepreneurs in Hankou successfully organized the process of fabricating pressed teas, thereby contributing to the strengthening and further development of Russo-Chinese relations. Documents from central Russian archives were utilized in this study, enabling the unveiling of many previously unexplored aspects of the history of Russo-Chinese trade.

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Sohrabi, Naghmeh. "REMEMBERING THE PALESTINE GROUP: GLOBAL ACTIVISM, FRIENDSHIP, AND THE IRANIAN REVOLUTION." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 2 (May 2019): 281–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000059.

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AbstractThe Palestine Group was a loosely connected collection of young anti-Shah activists some of whom were arrested and tried publically in 1970 for the crime of acting against the Pahlavi monarchy and Iran's national security. Their plight became global, receiving support from anticolonial figures such as Jean-Paul Sartre. But while they played an important role in inspiring the revolutionary generation, in the historiography of the 1979 revolution and that of the global south, their story has been mostly forgotten. This article argues for remembering the Palestine Group by focusing on two facets of their prerevolutionary activism: the importance of a connection to the anti-imperial/colonial struggles that spread from “Asia to Africa”; and the centrality ofmaḥfilīpolitics (friendship circles) in addition totashkīlātī(organizational) politics, which the historiography has traditionally emphasized. It demonstrates that as resistance shifted frommaḥfiltotashkīlāt,it also shifted from a global struggle where Iran was one node out of many, to a nationalized struggle.

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Journal articles on the topic 'History, prerevolutionary'

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