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Journal articles on the topic 'History of the family in the XVIth century'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 18 May 2024

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1

Kopylov, Sergiy, and Ivan Borovets. "Theoretical and methodological principles of Valerii Stepankov’s scientific work (dedicated to the researcher’s 75th birthday anniversary)." Scientific Papers of the Kamianets-Podilskyi National Ivan Ohiienko University. History 37 (October 4, 2022): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-2254.2022-37.9-32.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the theoretical and methodological principles of Valerii Stepankov’s scientifi c work. He has a Doctorate Degree in Historical Sciences, Professor, head of the Department of World History at Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University. Th e methodological ground of the research is the principles of historicism, comprehensiveness and consistency. Th e author has widely used problem-chronological, comparative and diachronic methods. Th e scientifi c novelty of the article is determined by the number of historiographical sources –individual works of the researcher that were used. Conclusions. Th e family upbringing formed in the future historian the main worldview mat- rix of moral and ethical values based on honesty, decency, diligence, responsible performance of assignments and tasks. Th e initial stage of his formation as a scientist evolved during his student years and the fi rst years of work as an assistant in the General History Department of Kamianets-Podilskyi Volodymyr Zatonskyi Pedagogical Institute (1967-1975) and was determined by the Marxist methodology of author’s research initiatives. Th e next stage (1976-1988) started aft er V. Stepankov’s acquaintance with the books of M. Hrushevsky «History of Ukraine- Rus» and V. Lypynsky «Ukraine at the Turn of 1657-1659» which was the impetus for the pro- cess of rethinking the concept of the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people in 1648-1654. It was unfortunate period for the author, because he could not publicly present it within the socio-political conditions of that time. During the «turning decade» (1989-1998), the removal of ideological restrictions and the actualization of the problem in connection with the forma- tion of independent Ukraine created favorable conditions for the professional self-realization of Mr. V. Stepankov who became a successful scientist-innovator. Based on the statehood approach, he has formulated the concept of the National Liberation Revolution of 1648-1676. From the end of the XXth century and to the present days, he continues to deepen and expand the analytical arguments of his vision of the events of Ukrainian / national history of the middle and second half of the XVIIth century. Nowadays, V. Stepankov uses the principles of positivism and neo- positivism as the methodological basis of his research, but does not limit himself to this. He also extensively uses the tools of the «Annals» school, the «new» social history, modal biography, and psychohistory.

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2

CASTRO JARA, Cristina. "Memoria urbana y geopolítica de poder: Retrato del cardenal Mendoza rodeado de Obispos." Medievalismo, no. 32 (December 26, 2022): 121–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/medievalismo.551041.

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The representation of power by the different social classes in the cities of Castile at the final years of the XVth century has been one of the main lines of action of the high nobility and, to reach such goal, the artistic manifestations were a fundamental tool for its display and exhibition. We present a new proposal concerning to the initial location of the famous painting Retrato del cardenal Mendoza rodeado de obispos, that would reinforce the message of authority and magnificence of the prelate, attaching its commission to the public environment where he decided to place its household, one of his greatest interventions in Guadalajara, the most important urban enclave of the Mendoza family. La representación del poder por los distintos estamentos sociales en las ciudades de la Castilla de finales del siglo XV ha sido uno de los ejes de actuación capital de la alta nobleza y, para tal fin, las manifestaciones artísticas constituyeron una herramienta fundamental para su visualización y exhibición. Planteamos una nueva propuesta acerca de la ubicación inicial de la célebre tabla Retrato del cardenal Mendoza rodeado de obispos, que vendría a reforzar el mensaje de autoridad y magnificencia del prelado, ligando su encargo al entorno público en el que decidió emplazar sus casas principales, una de sus grandes intervenciones en Guadalajara, enclave urbano mendocino por excelencia.

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Plocinski, George. "Book review: Bibliographical calendarium of accounting in Poland (XVIth– XIXth Century)." Accounting History 2, no. 2 (November 1997): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103237329700200212.

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4

Januszek-Sieradzka, Agnieszka. "„Przenosząc się ciągle z miejsca na miejsce obyczajem Numidów”. Jagiellońscy władcy i ich rodziny w czasie morowego powietrza w XV–XVI w." Studia Historica Gedanensia 12, no. 2 (2021): 93–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.21.007.14989.

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“Constantly moving from place to place like Numidians”. Jagiellonian rulers and their families in times of pestilence in the XVth and XVIth centuries In all early-modern Europe, epidemics were a very frequent phenomenon. In the XVth and XVIth centuries, the one effective way of avoiding the danger of infection and near certain death was to flee from a place threatened by plague. In the XVth century, a quite short journey was often sufficient, or else monarchs decided right away on a distant journey to the less-populated Lithuania, attempting to turn this to use in terms of the system of using royal progresses as a way of exercising power. In the XVIth century, especially in the second half, only one move to even a distant locality was insufficient, and the king and members of his family were compelled to move to a succession of places. Kings and their families almost always spent a period of isolation on their own estates. There were exceptions when the ruler was able to enjoy the hospitality of magnate or church estates. Through the nearly two hundred years of Jagiellonian rule, there is only one case (in 1572) when one can see the incautious behavior of the court as contributing to spread of plague. Although in the XVth century one can still find traces of real fear of pestilence among the royals and dramatic descriptions of huge, often exaggerated, losses of population, in the next century an outbreak of plague is seen rather as a passing inconvenience in life, cause of bothersome confusions in the normal functioning of the state or of changes in the royal family’s.

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Feenstra, Robert. "Juridical works in the oldest catalogue of Leiden University Library (1595)." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis / Revue d'Histoire du Droit / The Legal History Review 75, no. 3 (2007): 241–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181907783054914.

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AbstractThe first printed catalogue of Leiden University Library (1595, reprint 1995) was omitted in the author's study on Roman law works in XIIIth – XVIth century (manuscript) catalogues in the Northern Netherlands (Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis, 28 (1960), p. 439–507). This gap is now filled by a description of the circa 35 juridical works (of a total of circa 350) listed in this catalogue. Bibliographical references are added for the copies still available (itemized by shelfmarks) as well as for those now missing. Purchase prices and names of donors are given (if known). Some biographical information is supplied for the authors of the works.

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6

Kosznicki, Michał. "Epidemie i pandemie w wybranych polskich podręcznikach szkolnych historii dla szkół średnich po 1989 r." Studia Historica Gedanensia 12, no. 2 (2021): 416–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23916001hg.21.022.15004.

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Epidemics and pandemics in selected Polish school history textbooks for secondary schools after 1989 The paper presents an analysis of the presentation of major epidemics (pandemics) in the history of mankind in Polish history textbooks for secondary schools published between 1989 and 2020. A qualitative study was carried out on a sample of forty-four textbooks and concerned issues such as: epidemics in antiquity, the so-called “Black Death’ from 1346 to 1353, epidemics in the New World during the period known as the Age of Discovery, and the Spanish flu (the Great Influenza Epidemic) of 1918–1920. This analysis made it possible to formulate conclusions: 1) the medieval “Black Death” epidemic of the XIVth century was presented most fully, both in terms of content and diversity of coverage. This is understandable because of the scale, significance, geographical proximity, and strong roots of this phenomenon in history-teaching literature. “The Black Death” was shown with a broad consideration of the genesis of the phenomenon and its multidirectional demographic, social and economic consequences; 2) the epidemics that took place in the period of antiquity were only to a small extent reflected in the textbooks analyzed. The exception are textbooks by Marek Ziółkowski (editions 1999 and 2002), in which epidemics from the times of the Roman Empire are described in greater detail; 3) in the case of the XVIth-century epidemics from the New World, as well as the Spanish flu, the school reader received what was definitely elementary information, which was not always accurate and precise, without references to the latest scholarly findings; 4) elements of teaching support (maps, tables, illustrations) appeared mainly in the contents dedicated to the “Black Death” and, to a lesser extent, to the XVIth-century epidemics on the American continent; 5) in the textbooks analyzed, there was no clear variation in the way the above-mentioned phenomena were presented in the course of the period discussed.

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Аванесян, Лилия. "«Одзакарпеты» из Гадрута." Bulletin of Armenian Studies, no. 10.1 (January 31, 2024): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.58226/2579-275x-2023.10.(1)-110.

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В фондах Музея истории Армении хранятся безворсовые ковры-карпеты XIX века со стилизованными изображениями Змея – так называемые «Одзакарпеты». Эти шерстяные карпеты вытканы в сложной технике «косой обкрутки нити». В XVII веке подобные безворсовые карпеты начали изготовлять в городах Малой Азии – Себастии и Зиле. Mестом создания экспонатов представленных в Музее истории Армении являются Арцах–Сюник, Нахиджеван, Васпуракан. The History Museum of Armenia keeps lint-free carpets with large stylized images of the Dragon Snake from Artsakh, Syunik, Sebastia. Woolen carpets are woven by master carpet weavers using the complex technique of oblique wrapping. In the XVIIth century, such lint-free carpets began to be made in the cities of Asia Minor Sebastia and Zile. However, the places of origin of these valuable products are Artsakh-Syunik, Nakhijevan, Vaspurakan. The Armenian historian Arshak Alpoyachyan, based on the study of historical documents, testifies that in the middle of the XVIth century, during military campaigns in the Asia Minor, a large number of Armenians were driven away from the eastern provinces of Armenia – from Nakhijevan, Artsakh, Vaspurakan and Yerevan. Among the people driven to the cities of Sebastia, Tokat, Zile and others, there were many artisans and carpet weavers. And the Hungarian art historian Károly Gombos writes that the carpets with images of dragons (vishaps) began to be made in the XIIth–XVIth centuries, and Artsakh was the place of the their origin of “Vishapagorgs” (dragon-carpets).

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Martin, Phyllis M. "Family Strategies in Nineteenth-Century Cabinda." Journal of African History 28, no. 1 (March 1987): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185370002942x.

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In the nineteenth century, the entrenched power of three Cabindan families, Nsambo, Npuna and Nkata Kolombo, was challenged by the rise of the Franques. The dominant figure, Francisco Franque, amassed wealth through a close alliance with Brazilian slave traders and through freighting goods and passengers in ‘coasting’ vessels which were locally built. At the same time he invested in a large household and attracted to his village dependents who provided labour and armed support for the expansion of his territorial base. Beyond the village, Franque, like other ‘big men’ at Cabinda, depended on an alliance with kinsmen for the defence of family interests. In the last quarter of the century, the Franques were weakened by the end of the slave trade, by disputes over inheritance rights, following the death of Francisco Franque, by the challenge of Manuel José Puna and by the emigration of junior family members in search of employment in the colonial economy of Angola and neighbouring territories. After 1885, under Portuguese colonial rule, the household was no longer a principal unit of production and family cohesion was no longer relevant. European settlers and companies moved into prime land and the emigration of workers, including women, intensified in the face of deteriorating economic conditions. Some individuals continued to have access to privilege, as far as that was possible in Angolan colonial society, through education. At Cabinda, the Portuguese authorities gave at least nominal recognition to some senior family members, for example at official celebrations. The name of the old families lived on through prominent individuals although their collective power and influence had been drastically undermined.

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Gritsenko, Svitlana. "Statics and Dynamics of the Language: the Issue of Balance." Studia Linguistica, no. 13 (2018): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2018.13.47-70.

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The vocabulary of the Ukrainian language of the XVIth–XVIIth centurу as a systemic dynamic phenomenon was studied in the thesis basing on Ukrainian-language written sources of various styles and genres, a set of techniques was selected and applied, a number of new approaches to the analysis of the time dynamics of vocabulary was proposed. It is stressed that the most noticeable are changes of vocabulary and semantics due to the verbalization of the dynamics of the culture of society – the transformations in the material-subject and production spheres, intercessions of some social and cultural dominants. It is accentuated that an important factor in the dynamics of the Ukrainian language is its interaction with the other languages, that leads to the changes in the structure of language elements, their interconnections and their functions. The correlation between dynamics and statics in the vocabulary of the Ukrainian language of the XIth–XVth century and XVIth–XVIIth century is determined, combinations of various changes of the lexical system of the Ukrainian language are characterised. Changes appear in the formation of new values of specific or borrowed lexemes as a result of metonymic transformations, semantic attraction, entering into constant phrases or cliché expressions, generalization or specialization of meanings, emergence of connotative, estimative elements of semantics. Functional reduction of the word, its absence in the written sources of the next period in comparison with the previous stage of the existence in language testifies deactualization of the notion in the language model of the world, as well as intercession of an older lexeme by a new nomination – specific or borrowed. The regularities of the expansion of the Ukrainian vocabulary due to foreign-language influences are discovered, the factors that influenced the degree of saturation of thematic and lexical-semantic groups are outlined. The architectonics of the lexical system and its conceptual organization as a reproduction of the contemporary language model of the world of Ukrainian people are revealed. The formal and semantic derivation of nominative units, adaptation of borrowings to the structure of the recipient language are analized. Dynamics of the formal structure of the vocabulary is connected with a change in the meaning of the primary lexeme. Formal derivation establishes motivational and word-formation models, outlines productive ones for the appropriate period of language development. According to the sources of the XVIth–XVIIth century both non-hybrid (monolingual) and hybrid derivatives are present there. Analysis of derivatives of foreign genesis, the history of their appearance in the Ukrainian language of the XVIth–XVIIth century, as well as the study of the functioning of borrowings in the language allowed to estimate hypothetically the place of derivation (in the source language, intermediate language, recipient language); complexity of genesis estimation of derivatives associated with the presence of common affixes and word-formation models for interacting languages. For many lexemes the time of their appearance in the Ukrainian language is specified, assumptions about time and conditions of borrowings are verified. For the study of the history of borrowings it is important to find out the history of functioning of the corresponding lexemes in the source language and intermediate languages, and their timing appearance (moment of entry), distribution and adaptation in the recipient language. Determination of the moment, the time of „birth” – appearance and rooting – of the borrowings foresees the proof of the absence of written fixation of an appropriate lexeme in older written sources. The conditional identification of the time of the first fixation and the time of borrowing allowed to find out lexemes for which the time of borrowing can be set: for such date a year / relative chronological sign, which is indicated in the written source, or exactly the year of writing a memorial are accepted. For a series of lexemes relative chronological characteristics (indication of time period from the interval of one year to another or the corresponding century) are proposed. Application of methods of determining the time of the appearance of lexeme based on the history of the designated reality contributed to the definition of borrowings that nominate the notion of material culture, the history of which is clearly established, or the time before which these borrowings could not appear in the recipient language. It was clarified that the chronology of foreign language nominatives contributes to clarification of the sources of borrowing, in particular, for alternative explanations available in science. An important role in determining the chronological characteristics of the lexemes has the information about the peculiarities of the analyzed lexemes’ functionning in the potential intermediary languages.

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Probert, R. "The History of 20th-Century Family Law." Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 25, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqi009.

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11

Kauppi, Niilo, and Kai Haggman. "The Century of Family: The Ideal Family and Bourgeois Lifestyle in Nineteenth-Century Finland." American Historical Review 101, no. 5 (December 1996): 1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2170261.

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Vashchuk, Dmytro. "The Statutes of Lithuania in the everyday life in the middle of the XVIth century (the case of the Chortoryiski family)." Ukraina Lithuanica. Studìï z ìstorìï Velikogo knâzìvstva Litovsʹkogo 2017, no. 4 (September 6, 2017): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ul2017.04.032.

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13

Civici, Nikolla, Magdalini Anastasiou, Triantafillia Zorba, Konstantinos M. Paraskevopoulos, Teuta Dilo, Frederik Stamati, and Mustafa Arapi. "Studying wall paintings in Berati Castle (Albania): Comparative examination of materials and techniques in XIVth and XVIth century churches." Journal of Cultural Heritage 9, no. 2 (April 2008): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2007.08.004.

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14

Lowe, N. "Family Law in the Twentieth Century: A History." International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family 18, no. 2 (August 1, 2004): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/lawfam/18.2.256.

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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Czym był dla Kościoła Sobór Trydencki (1545-1563)? : (refleksje w 440-tą rocznicę od zakończenia obrad)." Prawo Kanoniczne 46, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2003): 171–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2003.46.3-4.07.

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In the history of canon law, as well as like in history of many other forms and aspects of ecclesiastical life, Trident Council (1545-1563) was of a great importance. Renovation work initiated by Council, thought as remedy for crisis situation intensified by reformation outbreak, was without any doubts a turning point not only in history of church legislation, but also in the history of Church itself. For hundred and forty years from ending of the conference of Trident Council is an occasion for discerning reflection over the role and importance of votes of that significant and grave event in the history of the Church, which was a great gift of the Spirit presented to the Church in hard times of XVIth century and turning point that started big, needed and salutary reform and renovation of the Church. Trident formed and changed the visage of Catholic Church more than any other ordinary Council except of The Und Vatican Council. The other Councils, despite their significance, influenced only specific areas of Church life, impressing their impact on them. It set a new direction and shape to the whole historical epoch. It was this Council that formed „catholic confession Church”, it gave him an order and shape in doctrinal and disciplinary area. Legal resolutions of the Council had first of all reformative character. Besides passing the resolutions, which had fundamental importance for Church’s work, as residency dictation, ban of benefices accumulation, establishing the clerical seminary, enforcing the obligatory legal form of marriages contracting or reform of religious law, the Council implemented all line of improvements and institutions started by Apostolic Capital. The great gift of the Spirit, reforms and renovation presented to the Church of the half of XVIth century in resolutions of Trident Council was to release comprehensive trend of assimilation by individual countries, nations, church’s provinces and dioceses the basic decrees and resolution, which were taken by Council’s fathers. Before everything else, situation that the Church winded up in required all that, because Church was from one side menaced by developing reformation, from the other side it was afflicted by crisis of its structures and institutions, collapse of discipline of priesthood and declining religious life. This situation forced to take on changes and reforms programmed by the Tridentinum and which concern widely understood religious renovation referring to priesthood and secular congregation, as well as Church structures themselves. In the same time, the point was both to correct recognition of totality of Council’s reformatory resolutions and to definitely implement them and enforce into life of mentioned church units. Acceptance of Trident resolutions meant the beginning of reforms on many areas of church and religious life. So no wonder, that efforts of popes from the end of XVIth century and the subsequent centuries were directed to propagate a conviction in Church’s consciousness, that Tridentinum should be recognized as not only the ultimate principle of faith, but also as rule of church discipline. Norms established earlier were integrated, specified and updated by Trident becoming a significant motor of further legislative activity of legislators in the Church. On the Council, foundations for development of modern canon law and its application in the Church were also set. Hereof, taking this all into consideration we can state, that this Council is a beginning of a new epoch for history of canon law. Its resolutions explained and determined dogmatic matters, strengthened organization and discipline in the Church, gave a new impulse to maintain shaken internal cohesion of the Church and created convenient conditions to take up offensive priestly action on wider scale. Thus they had significant impact on four centuries of life, activity and history of the church.

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Ryzhenkova, Tamara A. "Mustafa Ali’s “Description of Cairo” as a source on the history of Egypt in the end of the XVIth century." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 8, no. 4 (2016): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu13.2016.406.

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Cathala, François. "Emblèmes et devises de la maréchaussée à la Gendarmerie nationale." Revue Historique des Armées 240, no. 3 (2005): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5736.

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Crests and mottoes from Marchalsea to the state police force ; The evolution of the crests and mottoes attributed to the Marchalsea of the old regime then to its heiress, the state police force from 1791, indicates the great steps of French History. The members of this police with a military status represent “the arms of the law” which is named under the old Regime the “judges with boots”. This force remains subordinate directly to the Power in place or to its representatives all along History. This is through the evolution of crests and mottoes of this authority that its history is gone over. This one is crossed with the process involved by the traditional heraldry from the XVIth century and which finds expression in a growing simplification of signs of recognition of the prominent characters. This trend is followed by two great steps. The French revolution gives birth to the sign of recognition of a Nation whereas the Empire lays the foundations of the regimental crests such as we know them nowadays.

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Gunn, S. J. "The Paston Family in the Fifteenth Century: Endings." English Historical Review 117, no. 472 (June 1, 2002): 695–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/117.472.695-a.

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Călina, Nicoleta, and Loredana Maria Grozoiu. "On Francesco Guicciardini’s Thought and Some of his Considerations on Machiavelli." ATHENS JOURNAL OF HISTORY 7, no. 4 (September 21, 2021): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajhis.7-4-1.

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Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540), Italian historian, politician and writer, - descendant of one of the most important and faithful families to the Medici family in Florence - received a solid humanistic education and was also the protagonist of the Italian politics in the XVIth century; during the wars between France and Spain for the domination of the peninsula, he became the fair and impartial interpreter of these events in terms of historiography. Upright and of austere character, ¬he is the author of one of the best histories of Italy, written in the spirit of the time, whose prime quality is the historical veracity. Guicciardini fed the feeling of nationality and the aspiration to independence of Italy. In his works he shows the painful efforts of the princes and heads of republics, dragged into continuous wars, trying to defend, to confederate, to seek help in various foreign powers in order to save themselves from the oppression of the rulers. His genius, intuitive and painfully prophetic, discerns the events from the things; he pronounces what he develops as ‘safe judgments’ and recommends possible remedies to save the nation.

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Lerner, Adrián. "A history of family planning in twentieth-century Peru." Global Public Health 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2015): 1134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2015.1076020.

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MURRAY, MICHAEL F. "Family Health History as a 21st-Century Genetic Tool." Internal Medicine News 40, no. 23 (December 2007): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1097-8690(07)71412-9.

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22

Blofield, Merike. "A History of Family Planning in Twentieth-Century Peru." Hispanic American Historical Review 98, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-4294888.

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Eum, Ikran. "Family History in the Middle East." American Journal of Islam and Society 21, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 126–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v21i4.1760.

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The study of families and their histories opens up a cross-disciplinary dialogueamong anthropologists, historians, and other social scientists, includingarea specialists. The content of Doumani’s edited book, Family Historyin the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender, falls convincinglyinto such disciplines as history, anthropology, Middle East studies,women’s/gender studies, and Islamic studies, since the collection of articlesprovides various indepth case studies drawn both from Islam and frompolitical, economic, legal, and social perspectives.The anthology’s main theme suggests that the family is an entity that,along with the progression of history, evolves continuously. By reconstructingthe family histories of elites and ordinary people in the Middle East fromthe seventeenth to the early twentieth century, the book challenges prevailingassumptions about the monolithic “traditional” Middle Eastern familytype. Instead, it argues cogently that the structure and boundaries of thesefamilies have always been flexible and dynamic.The book is divided into four sections that explore issues concerningthe family from the perspective of politics, economics, and law. In the firstsection, “Family and Household,” Philippe Fargues, Tomoki Okawara, andMary Ann Fay analyze the structure of the nineteenth-century family andhousehold and illustrate how its formation was influenced by changes in the ...

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TEOMAN, Özgür, and Cumali BOZPİNAR. "The Development of the Silk Industry in the Ottoman Bursa: An Analysis of Periodization." Gazi Akademik Bakış 15, no. 30 (June 15, 2022): 157–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19060/gav.1131125.

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There are a limited number of studies on the periodization analysis of the historical development of a single sector in Ottoman economic history literature. This study puts forward a periodic analysis of the sector in order to reveal the economic development characteristics of the Ottoman Bursa silk industry. In the study, four turning points where the transformation took place in terms of roduction relations and conditions were determined and the periodic analysis focused on these four periods. The city of Bursa became a silk production and trade center after it came under Ottoman rule. The fluctuations in the demand level of European countries for fabrics between the second half of the XVIth century and the first quarter of the XIXth century caused the silk industry to enter an unstable process, despite maintaining its commercial importance. With the inclusion of the Ottoman country in the center-periphery relationship after 1830, the existing production relations in the sector underwent a process of transformation. The transformation aspect in this century was deindustrialization in silk weaving and increased specialization in raw silk production as a result of technological development and the sector passed to the capitalist stage, provided that it was limited to raw silk production. The last breaking point in silk sector was the transfer of raw silk tax revenues to the Ottoman Public Debt Administration (Düyun-ı Umumiye Administration).

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Davidoff, L. "Family Life in the Long Nineteenth Century, 1789-1913." English Historical Review 119, no. 480 (February 1, 2004): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/119.480.146.

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Kreačič, Goranka. "Fux family from Metlika." Kronika 71, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.56420/kronika.71.1.08.

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The Fux family from Metlika held a hundred-years hereditary lease on the town’s post house, a relay station between Karlovac and Ljubljana. Between the end of the eighteenth century and the end of the nineteenth century, maintaining a successful and lucrative business made it one of the most distinguished middle-class families in Metlika and White Carniola. The family’s standing was further raised and fortified through equally successful strategies of forming marriage alliances, above all with the Croatian petty nobility along the Kolpa River. Studies of these interesting marriage ties shed light on the lively social mobility among White Carniolan bourgeoisie and the surrounding Croatian petty nobility as well as on the cultural-historical and cross-border social ties established during the period of national awakening.

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Li, Na. "Family History in China at a Crossroads: Family Narratives, Personal Memory, and Public History." Journal of Family History 44, no. 4 (May 6, 2019): 449–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199019845931.

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With state control being a consistent pattern for more than 2,000 years, family ( jia) and state ( guo) seem inseparable in China. During the twenty-first century, media technology, freer access to information, and increasing mobility have tilted this delicate balance. At a massive scale and in various forms and genres, family history and genealogy are flourishing. Why has family history had such a mobilizing effect on ordinary people over the last two decades? How does family history contribute to our understanding of historical and societal changes? This article traces the history of family history in China and pinpoints where the traditional family history fails. With a critical survey of the emerging family history practices, it argues for a more practical-oriented approach, with which family history can connect personal narratives, family memories, and public history.

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Chibi, Andrew, and Colin Richmond. "The Paston Family in the Fifteenth Century: Endings." Sixteenth Century Journal 35, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20476889.

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CAMBERS, ANDREW, and MICHELLE WOLFE. "READING, FAMILY RELIGION, AND EVANGELICAL IDENTITY IN LATE STUART ENGLAND." Historical Journal 47, no. 4 (November 29, 2004): 875–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x04004029.

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In this article we unravel family religion as a crucial strand of evangelical piety in the late seventeenth century. We show how this programme was promoted in print and manuscript by a group of evangelical clergy from both sides of the conformist divide. Using the printed and manuscript memoirs of John Rastrick, a Lincolnshire clergyman, we explore the construction of clerical sociability through the printed text. In particular, we demonstrate that its heart was the communal reading of scripture and religious literature, confirming the household as the key locus for piety in this period. Whereas historians have traditionally been eager to categorize both clergy and laity in this period as either Anglican or nonconformist, we demonstrate that such a divide was often blurred in practice, in particular as represented through family religion. By focusing on issues such as sociability, the formation of identities, and reading practices, we also reconnect the second half of the century with its early Stuart past, suggesting that its influences and refractions fed into a continuity of evangelical identity, stretching from late sixteenth-century puritanism through the Civil War and Restoration to the onset of Evangelicalism in the eighteenth century. Though they were complex, these continuities help to show that a coherent style of evangelical piety was expressed across the ecclesiastical divide throughout the long seventeenth century.

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Tikhonova, Oxana. "The problem of the use of the term “Portuguese Aljamía”." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2022): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080020814-2.

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The portuguese term “Aljamía” means ʻtexts in Portuguese in Arabic scriptʼ since the beginning of the XXth century under the influence of D. Lopes. The word “Aljamía” appears in Portuguese documents of the XVth century to designate the Portuguese language as it was perceived by the Moors. Thus, the word “aljamía” has two meanings: the historical ʻforeign languageʼ (Portuguese) and the modern ʻtext in Portuguese in Arabic scriptʼ. These meanings correspond to the Spanish “Aljamía” and “Aljamiado”. However, not all scientists agree with the terminological use of the word “Aljamía” as an analogue of the Spanish “Aljamiado”. The term “Aljamía” technically means portuguese texts in Arabic script, but it has other cultural and historical references. Spanish texts in “Aljamiado” were created by Spanish Muslims who lost their knowledge of Arabic in the period after the Reconquista (XIII–XVII). The Arabic script was a sign of their cultural and religious identity. The reason for the use of Arabic alphabet in Portuguese documents (XVIth century) is different. The Arab governors of the portuguese colonies in Africa had to address their reports directly to the Portuguese king. They knew Portuguese only in spoken form and used the Arabic alphabet to write down the Portuguese language. These documents are an important source in the history of the Portuguese language, especially in historical phonetics. However, from a cultural and historical point of view, they are not comparable with Spanish and cannot belong to the corpus of manuscripts in “Aljamiado”.

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Dysa, Kateryna. "A Family Matter: The Case of a Witch Family in an Eighteenth-Century Volhynian Town." Russian History 40, no. 3-4 (2013): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763316-04004006.

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Belief in the inheritance of witchcraft abilities from generation to generation is common to many cultures. Early modern Ukraine was not an exception. A series of cases from Volhynian town of Vyzhva is discussed here to illustrate how reputation for malevolent witchcraft could be once shaped and then continued to adhere to a family line, and how small town community preserved a memory about witchcraft for many years. This story is juxtaposed to other stories about succession of magical abilities by such magic practitioners as soothsayers, healers, wise men, etc. for whom the “magic reputation” of their parents was important to justify and support their own activities in the eyes of their clients.

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Mark‐Lawson, Jane, and Anne Witz. "From ‘family labour’ to ‘family wage'? The case of women's labour in nineteenth‐century coalmining∗." Social History 13, no. 2 (May 1988): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071028808567708.

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Eisenmann, Linda, Paul C. Nagel, Jeanne Boydston, Mary Kelley, Anne Margolis, and Sarah Elbert. "Sisterhood and the Family Claim in Nineteenth-Century America." History of Education Quarterly 29, no. 3 (1989): 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/368915.

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Drixler, Fabian F., and Jan Kok. "A lost family-planning regime in eighteenth-century Ceylon." Population Studies 70, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2015.1133842.

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35

Yee, Shirley J., and Chris Dixon. "Perfecting the Family: Antislavery Marriages in Nineteenth-Century America." Journal of American History 85, no. 4 (March 1999): 1592. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2568315.

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Warrier, M. V. Shobana. "Matriliny Transformed: Family, Law and Ideology in Twentieth Century Travancore." Indian Historical Review 30, no. 1-2 (January 2003): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/037698360303000225.

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VAN DER SPUY, PATRICIA. "Slave Women and the Family in Nineteenth-Century Cape Town." South African Historical Journal 27, no. 1 (November 1992): 50–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479208671737.

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38

Bilous, N. "Trypillia: the Town and Its owners Didovichy-Trypilsky in the XVIth - the first half of the XVIIth century. The Unknown pages of history." Kraêznavstvo, no. 2 (February 25, 2019): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/kraieznavstvo2019.02.008.

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Fineschi, Sonia Adorni, and Baccio Baccetti. "«Del muoversi degli animali...» an anonymous XVIth century manuscript conserved in a Magliabechian codex, and its value in the history of experimental sciences." Rendiconti Lincei 5, no. 3 (September 1994): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03001629.

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40

Qamber, Rukhsana. "Family Matters." ISLAMIC STUDIES 60, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 223–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52541/isiri.v60i3.1791.

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History has so far paid scant attention to Muslims in the earliest phase of colonizing the Americas. As a general policy, the Spanish Crown prohibited all non-Catholics from going to early Spanish America. Nevertheless, historians recognize that a few Muslims managed to secretly cross the Atlantic Ocean with the European settlers during the sixteenth century. Later they imported African Muslim slaves but historians considered both Africans and indigenous peoples passive participants in forming Latin American society until evidence refuted these erroneous views. Furthermore, the public had assumed that only single Spanish men went to the American unknown until historians challenged this view, and now women’s role is fully recognized in the colonizing enterprise. Additionally, despite the ban on non-Catholics, researchers found many Jews in the Americas, even if the Spanish Inquisition found out and killed almost all of them. In line with revisionist history, my research pioneers in three aspects. It demonstrates that Muslim men and women went to early Spanish America. Also, the Spanish Crown allowed Muslims to legally go to its American colonies. Additionally, the documents substantiate my new findings that Muslims went to sixteenth-century Latin America as complete families. They mostly proceeded out of Spain as the wards or servant-slaves of Spanish settlers after superficially converting to Catholicism. The present study follows two case studies that record Muslim families in early sixteenth-century Spanish America. Paradoxically, their very persecutor—the Spanish Church and its terrible Inquisitorial arm—established their contested belief in Islam.

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Carp, E. W. "Adoption and the Family in Early-Twentieth-Century America." OAH Magazine of History 15, no. 4 (June 1, 2001): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/15.4.66.

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42

Yamin, P. "Inventing the Modern American Family: Family Values and Social Change in 20th Century United States." Journal of American History 100, no. 3 (November 1, 2013): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jahist/jat497.

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43

Walters, Ronald G., and Chris Dixon. "Perfecting the Family: Antislavery Marriages in Nineteenth-Century America." American Historical Review 104, no. 5 (December 1999): 1670. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2649402.

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44

Gaffield, Chad. "Children, Schooling, and Family Reproduction in Nineteenth‐Century Ontario." Canadian Historical Review 72, no. 2 (June 1991): 157–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-072-02-02.

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45

Spence, Jonathan. "Cliffhanger Days: A Chinese Family in the Seventeenth Century." American Historical Review 110, no. 1 (February 2005): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531118.

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46

Altschul, Michael, and Colin Richmond. "The Paston Family in the Fifteenth Century: Fastolf's Will." American Historical Review 103, no. 4 (October 1998): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2651241.

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47

Tague, Ingrid H. "Pets and the eighteenth-century British family." History of the Family 26, no. 2 (April 3, 2021): 186–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1081602x.2021.1946834.

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48

Prescott, Cynthia Culver. "Representing the Ideal American Family." Pacific Historical Review 85, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 110–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2016.85.1.110.

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Communities throughout the U.S. West erected monuments to white pioneer mothers in the late 1920s. While other western sculptors’ interest in frontier women soon faded, Avard Fairbanks continued to produce prominent public monuments to pioneer women and families for the next fifty years. Fairbanks’s pioneer monuments provide a valuable case study for examining the ways in which changing social norms influenced public monuments over the course of the twentieth century. Focusing on Avard Fairbanks’s fifty years of pioneer-themed monuments highlights the sculptor’s role in transforming idealized images of settler families from objects of purely regional memory into a national American family ideal.

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Tanenhaus, David S. "Growing Up Dependent: Family Preservation in Early Twentieth-Century Chicago." Law and History Review 19, no. 3 (2001): 547–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/744273.

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On December 23, 1912, a Hungarian father brought his three young daughters (ages three, five, and seven) to the Cook County Juvenile Court to file dependent petitions on their behalf. He alleged that their mother had deserted the family, stolen their savings, and disappeared. As a single father, he could have and probably did argue that it was unreasonable to expect him to work and to raise his young children simultaneously. On Christmas Eve, after a six-man jury found each girl to be a “dependent child,” Judge Merritt Pinckney ordered them committed to the Lisle Industrial School and arranged for their father to pay $15 a month for their support. Thus, the single father had used the juvenile court to arrange for a private institution to raise his now motherless children, who because they were the same gender were at least allowed to grow up together in the same industrial school.

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Weinreb, Alex. "Family Planning Programs for the 21st Century: Rationale and Design." Population Studies 67, no. 3 (June 17, 2013): 371–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00324728.2013.807018.

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