Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'History of the built environment'
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Legnér, Mattias. "Perceptions of the Built Environment in Stockholm, c. 1750-1800." Högskolan på Gotland, Institutionen för kultur, energi och miljö, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-827.
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Braden, April. "Urban Suburb: How The Built Environment Influences Class Identity." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1605112902730577.
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Graves, Lauren Catherine. "NAVIGATING THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: READING BERENICE ABBOTT’S CHANGING NEW YORK." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/397656.
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Art HistoryM.A.
My thesis seeks to broaden the framework of conversation surrounding Berenice Abbott’s Changing New York. Much scholarship regarding Changing New York has focused on the individual photographs, examined and analyzed as independent of the meticulously arranged whole. My thesis considers the complete photo book, and how the curated pages work together to create a sort of guide of the city. Also, it has been continually noted that Abbott was a member of many artistic circles in New York City in the early 1930s, but little has been written analyzing how these relationships affected her artistic eye. Building on the scholarship of art historian Terri Weissman, my thesis contextualizes Abbott’s working environment to demonstrate how Abbott’s particular adherence to documentary photography allowed her to transcribe the urban metamorphosis. Turning to the scholarship of Peter Barr, I expand on his ideas regarding Abbott’s artistic relationship to the architectural and urban planning theories of Lewis Mumford and Henry-Russell Hitchcock. Abbott appropriated both Mumford and Hitchcock’s theories on the linear trajectory of architecture, selecting and composing her imagery to fashion for the viewer a decipherable sense of the built city. Within my thesis I sought to link contemporary ideas of the after-image proposed by Juan Ramon Resina to Abbott’s chronicling project. By using this framework I hope to show how Abbott’s photographs are still relevant to understanding the ever-changing New York City.
Temple University--Theses
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Steinert, Anne Delano. "Standing Right Here: The Built Environment as a Tool for Historical Inquiry." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613686270648078.
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Augustyn-Clark, Jayson. "Between memory and history: the restoration of Tulbagh as cultural signifier." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25261.
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This dissertation examines heritage as a social construct by way of critically accessing the precursors, proponents and processes of the Tulbagh restoration. This research is focused on understanding the reasons why and how, after the earthquake of 1969, Church Street was reinstated to its 'historic' 18/19th century appearance. This reconstructive restoration is unpacked within its South African socio-political, 20th-century situation to examine the motivations of the proponents behind the restoration as well as their conservation philosophies that underpinned the stylistic reconstruction of Tulbagh back to what was regarded as its Cape Dutch 'best'. The study comprises of an examination of both the theoretical development and practical application of reconstructions. Research traces the development of conservation in South Africa, first under the Union government and then under the Afrikaner Nationalist government to understand how Afrikaner Nationalism was superseded by the creation of a white South African identity. Pierre Nora's theories around memory and identity are explored and applied in order to contextualise the Tulbagh case study in a theoretical framework to highlight similarities and differences. The proponents of the Tulbagh restoration consisted of a wide and varied selection of the South African conservation fraternity and included the National Society, the Cape Institute of Architects, historian Dr Mary Cook, the Simon van der Stel Foundation, Anton Rupert and his Historic Homes Company, Gawie and Gwen Fagan and Dr Hans Fransen, as well as the National Monuments Commission/Council. These same role players came together in the decade before the earthquake to formalise their association, conservation resolve and philosophies. The findings of the study suggest that although united with a common vision, philosophy and determination, these conservation advocates all had their own agenda and differing motivations for their involvement in Tulbagh's restoration. Motivations ranged from straightforward conservation concern and a response to the threat of cultural devastation on one hand to ideological nation-building ideals and Afrikaner nationalism on the other. Although politics impacted early on and all three levels of government funded the bulk of the restoration costs, the diversity of the proponents suggests that this project was more complex than being motivated primarily by nationalism.
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Sipley, Tristan Hardy 1980. "Second nature: Literature, capital and the built environment, 1848--1938." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10911.
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x, 255 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.This dissertation examines transatlantic, and especially American, literary responses to urban and industrial change from the 1840s through the 1930s. It combines cultural materialist theory with environmental history in order to investigate the interrelationship of literature, economy, and biophysical systems. In lieu of a traditional ecocritical focus on wilderness preservation and the accompanying literary mode of nature writing, I bring attention to reforms of the "built environment" and to the related category of social problem fiction, including narratives of documentary realism, urban naturalism, and politically-oriented utopianism. The novels and short stories of Charles Dickens, Herman Melville, Rebecca Harding Davis, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Upton Sinclair, and Mike Gold offer an alternative history of environmental writing, one that foregrounds the interaction between nature and labor. Through a strategy of "literal reading" I connect the representation of particular environments in the work of these authors to the historical situation of actual spaces, including the western Massachusetts forest of Melville's "Tartarus of Maids," the Virginia factory town of Davis's Iron Mills, the Midwestern hinterland of Sinclair's The Jungle, and the New York City ghetto of Gold's Jews without Money. Even as these texts foreground the class basis of environmental hazard, they simultaneously display an ambivalence toward the physical world, wavering between pastoral celebrations and gothic vilifications of nature, and condemning ecological destruction even as they naturalize the very socio-economic forces responsible for such calamity. Following Raymond Williams, I argue that these contradictory treatments of nature have a basis in the historical relationship between capitalist society and the material world. Fiction struggles to contain or resolve its implication in the very culture that destroys the land base it celebrates. Thus, the formal fissures and the anxious eruptions of nature in fiction relate dialectically to the contradictory position of the ecosystem itself within the regime of industrial capital. However, for all of this ambivalence, transatlantic social reform fiction of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century provides a model for an environmentally-oriented critical realist aesthetic, an aesthetic that retains suspicion toward representational transparency, and yet simultaneously asserts the didactic, ethical, and political functions of literature.
Committee in charge: William Rossi, Chairperson, English; Henry Wonham, Member, English; Enrique Lima, Member, English; Louise Westling, Member, English; John Foster, Outside Member, Sociology
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Williams, Nicholas Philip. "Carbon management and the historic built environment in Wales." Thesis, Bangor University, 2016. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/carbon-management-and-the-historic-built-environment-in-wales(be4a871f-cf60-432a-99f0-1df60da0cb23).html.
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A potential clash of ideologies is identified between the climate change agenda and the conservation of the historic built environment. Whilst the conservation of both the natural environment and our built heritage should ideally be mutually beneficial, the lack of a robust policy framework within the planning system is proving to be highly problematic. The study examines how the historic built environment in Wales can contribute towards the national target of achieving a carbon neutral society within a generation through policy reform within the planning system. A brief history of the building conservation movement is provided, along with a description of how it has evolved. Climate change and its implications for the planning system are also examined. A hypothesis is also included in the study, which suggests that the current planning policy framework is insufficiently equipped to aid the historic built environment in adequately contributing towards the target of achieving a carbon neutral society within a generation. The analytical section draws upon the evidence base of the study, which is in the form of primary data such as surveys and secondary data such as previously published statistics. The findings of the study are identified and analysed in order to reach robust conclusions, which in turn lead onto a series of recommendations on how the planning policy framework for the historic built environment in Wales can be modified to become more effective in making significant reductions in carbon emissions over the next generation. The duration of the study period is from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2014. All literature, data and other information included in this thesis, and subsequent analysis and conclusions, are considered to be up-to-date at the study’s ‘cut-off’ date of 31st December 2014. The Viva Voce for the study took place on 7th October 2015. Subsequently, changes have been made to the thesis that refer to information released after the original 31th December 2014 cut-off date.
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Carlson, Heidi Julia. "The built environment and material culture of Ireland in the 1641 Depositions, 1600-1654." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269316.
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In recent years, historians have attempted to reassess the image of sectarian Ireland by offering an ethnically and religiously complex narrative of social intersection. Due to the changing intellectual and political climate in Ireland, archaeologists and historians can now begin revaluating the myths of the conquered and conqueror. As settlers poured into the Irish landscape to carry out the English government’s plantation schemes, they brought traditions and goods from home, and attempted to incorporate these into their lives abroad. Woodland clearance supplied timber and destroyed the wood kerne-infested fastness, and new houses erected on plantation settlements rattled a landscape still speckled with the wattle huts of its native inhabitants. Using the 1641 Depositions as the core of this dissertation, this research endeavours to contextualise evidence of material culture embedded within the written testimonies, beginning with the private world of the home and ending with the public devotional space of the church. Evidence found in the depositions will be placed alongside archaeological evidence, cartography, a small collection of wills and inventories, and seventeenth-century trade records. This thesis investigates the extent in which the English and Irish communities were at conflict in a material way: in their homes, local economy, clothing, household goods and religion.
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Al-Nakib, Farah. "Kuwait City : urbanisation, the built environment and the urban experience before and after oil (1716-1986)." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.655743.
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Ferriss, Lori (Lori E. ). "Environmental and cultural sustainability In the built environment : an evaluation of LEED for historic preservation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61550.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 88-89).
Preservation of buildings is an important process for both cultural and environmental sustainability. Buildings are frequently demolished and rebuilt long before necessitated by structural or material deterioration, wasting both materials and energy. Preservation can be seen as the ultimate form of recycling; it allows existing buildings to be updated and retrofitted for continued use, optimizing the longevity of the structure while protecting its cultural significance. Currently, there is a lack of motivation and regulation for choosing preservation over new construction. The LEED guidelines give only a small number of points for building reuse, and frequently historic restrictions interfere with measures that would produce the same types of energy savings seen in new construction. This project will use several case studies, including the preservation of Pier A in New York City's Battery Park, as examples of contemporary restoration projects that have received or are anticipating LEED ratings. I will look at these projects in the context of current LEED guidelines and proposed future revisions to investigate how the LEED system addresses issues regarding preservation, and how they could be improved to encourage more sustainable renovation practices.
by Lori Ferriss.
M.Eng.
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Alho, Carlos Alberto de Assuncao. "Authenticity criteria for the conservation of historic places." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26519/.
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The aim of this research is to contribute to the concept of authenticity for the conservation of historic places. The focus of this work is a development of a set of criteria to assess authenticity in order to contribute towards the conservation of historic places in Western Europe.The purpose is to define a set of authenticity criteria. Firstly, this thesis describes the concern of the concept of authenticity in conservation of the built environment and, based on a review of relevant research and theories on how authenticity criteria fit in conservation in general and how it is important to define a set of authenticity criteria in order to conserve historic places in Western Europe. Based on this review of relevant research and theories, the researcher understood the need to define a set of authenticity criteria in order to facilitate the conservation of historic places in Western Europe. The set of criteria to assess authenticity in the conservation of historic places is based on the spirit of UNESCO criteria to test authenticity with the definitions of the criteria used by the USA Parks Service to evaluate integrity of the property in order to be listed. The initial set of criteria is composed of seven qualities as follows: Location, Settings, Design, Workmanship, Materials, Feelings and Association. Linked to the "state of the art " of Conservation of Historic Places in Western Europe, these criteria were applied to four case studies that showed the evidence in all of them, but strongly demonstrates that Location, Feelings and Association are not important criteria for Western Europe. However Function / Use is an important criteria for all Europe. According to the case studies' conclusions and the review of literature, the model of research created is based on five parameters which define the qualities to assess authenticity in conservation. Four of these parameters (Design, Materials, Workmanship and Settings) are based on USA Parks Service definitions.The fifth parameter (Function / Use) is based on the case studies' conclusions. With the support of a sounding board of experts, the author developed a conceptual model for checking the propositions. This model and the propositions were checked by the Delphi Process with a further group of twenty experts from Western Europe and through a continuous analysis of the data. The set of authenticity criteria established was sent to the Delphi panel of experts in Portugal, the UK and West European organisations involved in the conservation of the built heritage with statements in order to find an agreement on the evidence and definition of each criterion. This procedure was based on the assumption that the achievement of a consensus was possible. Consensus was, in fact, obtained about the criteria. The final criteria achieved highlight the emerging importance of function and use in historic places for the future. The final criteria are: Material Design Workmanship Function/Use Setting DEFINITIONS The physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form an historic property. Combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. The physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. The degree of continuity of original or significant uses in a property. The physical environment of a historic property. Due to the fact that the sounding board of experts and Delphi members were made up of people with different backgrounds, ranging from Academia, Architecture, Construction, Industry of Culture, NGOs (Non Governamental Organizations) and other built heritage organizations (UNESCO, ICCROM, ICOMOS, Europa Nostra and Council of Europe) the final set of criteria to assess authenticity for conservation of historic places in Western Europe has an holistic point of view.
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Low, Sui Pheng. "Strategic development of the built environment through international construction, quality and productivity management." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3614/.
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This thesis presents a coherent, sustained and substantial contribution to the advancement of knowledge or application of knowledge or both in the field of construction management and economics. More specifically, this thesis outlines the strategic development of the built environment through lessons from international construction, quality and productivity management. The strategic role of construction in economic development is emphasized. It describes the contributions transnational construction firms made towards modern-day construction project management practices globally. It establishes the relationship between construction quality and economic development and fosters a better understanding of total quality management and quality management systems in enhancing construction industry performance. Additionally, it prescribes lessons from the manufacturing industry for construction productivity and identifies the amount of carbon emissions reduced through lean construction management practices to alleviate the generally adverse effects of the built environment on global climate change. It highlights the need for integrated management systems to enhance quality and productivity for sustainable development in the built environment. The thesis is an account of how the built environment has evolved, leveraging on lessons from international construction, quality and productivity management for improvements over the past two decades.
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Whitney, Marilyn Corson. "A History of the Professionalization of Interior Design: Viewed Through Three Case Studies of the Process of Licensure." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29412.
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Since the 1950s, interior decoration evolved into interior design. Throughout the 1970s, all of the components for professionalization were in place, but it was not until the 1990s that the final transformation made interior design into a profession. This dissertation documents these changes and posits that is the conflicts inherent in the process of licensure transformed it into a profession.
The transformation of interior design is examined through the lens of the theory of professions, especially Andrew Abbottâ s delineation of transformation through conflict. The historical case studies of the legislative process were of the District of Columbia, which has practice legislation; the Commonwealth of Virginia; which has title legislation; and the State of Ohio, which has no licensing of interior designers as of 2007. Data collection was by interviews with participants of the process of licensure and with the leadership of the interior design community. In addition, primary and secondary documents examined include books, journals, trade magazines, and documents from professional organizations.
Specifically, this dissertation addresses these questions: Is interior design a profession? If so, what forces transformed interior design into a profession? And, how is interior design different from architecture?
This dissertation posits that interior design is unique from architecture because it developed in home economic programs at state universities during the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. In this locale, the primary focus of interior design was the micro-environment based on the theory of behavior. This gives students and practitioners a unique viewpoint that allows for the consideration for each end user as integral to the design process. These attributes contribute to the unique qualities of the services interior design offers and separate it from those of architecture.
A simplified definition of interior design that I developed is that interior design utilizes the theory of behavior to design spaces in a micro-environment that function at a safe and efficient level for every end user and are aesthetically pleasing. Finally, interior designers need to understand that the strength of their position in the built environment is in the unique services they offers and celebrate their qualities as outlined in this document.Ph. D.
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Kardas, Aysegul. "Transformation Of The Ottoman Built Environment In The Nineteenth Century In Anatolia: The Case Of Tokat." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613743/index.pdf.
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In this study the Ottoman built environmet in the last period of the nineteenth century Anatolian city is examined. The study aims to explain the construction of new buildings as well as the transformation of earlier types during the process of contemporary modernization and centralization in the Empire. The main frame of the study is formed of the public and the private spaces that formed the urban built environment, and the transformation of these spaces. The city of Tokat has been chosen as the area of study, which still conserves built structures of the Ottoman as well as the earlier periods that are typical of an Anatolian city of the nineteenth century. Examining the transformation of public buildings and residential architecture in this city, this study emphasizes differences in degress of changes in public and private spaces, and the relation of such transformation with the central authority.
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Elsmore, Ian Douglas. "Configuring conservation : an actor-network theory approach to studying the historic built environment." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2008. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6130/.
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This thesis aims to assess if actor-network theory (Latour, 2005) is capable of providing an alternative method for looking at the redevelopment of the historic built environment. It is argued that although the historic built environment enjoys a great deal of public attention the relationship between buildings and the people that inhabit them has not been extensively studied. Examination of the literature suggests that most previous studies have either focused on the social elements or the physical elements in isolation and have failed to consider how one influences the other. It is proposed that actor-network theory may be able to provide an alternative ontological perspective that bridges this socialphysical divide and allows the influence of the relationships between the human and the non-human elements to be taken into consideration. In order to assess this, the thesis utilises a single case study that focuses on the redevelopment of the former brewery at Henley upon Thames in South Oxfords hire. The events leading to the closure of the brewery and the subsequent redevelopment of the site into two very different uses form the basis of the case study. Whilst initially these events are narrated using a traditional chronological format, the use of such a format hides the complex nature of the relationships that enable the case. Actor-network theory therefore provides a means of exposing some of this complexity and as a result can be regarded a valid methodology for the consideration of the historic built environment by transcending temporal boundaries and aligning local interests with global events. The thesis shows that the actor-network perspective allows the redevelopment of the historic built environment to be considered in a manner that demonstrates the complex interdependent relationships between the physical and the social dimensions.
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Usher, R. "Constructing Irishness : nationalism, archaeology and the historic built environment in an independent state." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2014. http://irep.ntu.ac.uk/id/eprint/116/.
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The accepted underlying principle held for the destruction of certain elements of architectural heritage in Ireland has been nationalism. The explicit manifestation of this was the destruction of Dublin’s Georgian architecture in the 1960s and 70s. Such architecture has been naturally associated with British imperialism: formal architecture represented the British Protestant upper classes, a division of society to which the native Catholic Irish did not apparently ascribe, or from which they were excluded. Assessments of value made by reactive amenity bodies such as the Irish Georgian Society did little to dispel the notion that formal architecture did not accord with Irishness, as such appraisals were being made by the elite. Additionally, independent Ireland was keen to emphasise a native Irish identity, based in the west, and reinforced by icons of tradition including thatched vernacular houses and rural living. Such identity was underpinned by the archaeological record: the pre-dominant cultural-historical theoretical approach and the invasion hypothesis reinforced distinctions between the various cultures entering the country by both the physical movements of people and the diffusion of culture. However, such assessments of value become untenable in the face of economic development, as demonstrated by the Hill of Tara and the M3 motorway debate. This research provides a nuanced appraisal of Ireland’s selection and neglect of certain aspects of its material culture by evaluating the fluid nature of ‘heritage’. This is achieved through a methodology which utilises archival material from the National Archives and Office of Public Works, assesses archaeological excavations and historic buildings through fieldwork and examines the politicisation of architectural destruction in the literature. The research concludes that assessments of heritage value need to be taken beyond simple selectivity based on the tenets of nationalism, and expedient factors need to be given more credibility when assessing how and why Irish material culture is protected. It also concludes that the material culture which embodies Irishness is most at risk.
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Scurr, Michael John. "Contemporary interventions in historic fabric: context and authenticity in the work of Gabriel Fagan." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11229.
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This study focuses on three projects by Gabriel Fagan, one of South Africa’s most respected and awarded architects, namely The Dias Museum in Mossel Bay, the SA Breweries Visitor’s Centre in Newlands and the University of Cape Town’s Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine. These projects are all essentially contemporary interventions in historic fabric and each contains easily identifiable and iconic new portions – the sail-like roof of the Dias Museum, the glass lift shaft at SAB and the circular glazed pavilion at UCT’s Medical School.
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Simon, Jesse. "Images of the built landscape in the later Roman world." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e86a09f5-a1da-4ac0-8051-ba7fca36c16e.
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At its greatest extent, the Roman empire represented one of the largest continuous areas of land to have been ruled by a single central administration in the classical period. While the extent of the empire may be determined from both the extensive body of literary evidence from the Roman world, and also from the physi- cal remains of great public works stretching from Britain to Arabia, the processes by which the Romans were able to apprehend larger spaces remain infrequently studied in modern scholarship. It is often assumed that Roman spatial awareness came from cartographic representations and that the imperial Roman administration must have possessed detailed scale maps of both individual regions and of the empire as a whole. In the first part of the present study, it is demonstrated that Roman spatial understanding may not have relied very extensively on cartography, and that any maps produced in the Roman world were designed to serve very different purposes from those that we might associate with maps today. Instead, it is argued that the extensive construction projects that defined the character of the imperial world would have pro- vided a means by which the larger physical spaces of the empire could be understood. However, as transformations began to occur within the built environment between the late-third and late-sixth centuries, spatial processes would have necessarily started to change. In the second part of the present study, it is suggested that attitudes toward the built environment would have led to changes in the physical arrangement of rural and urban spaces in late antiquity; furthermore the eventual dissolution of the constructed landscape that defined the Roman empire would have resulted in new approaches to the apprehension of larger spaces, approaches in which cartographic expression may have played a more central role.
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Philip, Loudine. "The historic built environment and a sense of place : Jagersfontein : a mining town in the Free State , South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13163.
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Includes bibliographical references.The primary purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which the historic built environment plays a role in the establishment of a Sense of Place in the South African context with its diverse population and complex political history. The underlying rationale for this focus is that a strong connection between a Sense of Place and the historic built environment has the potential to translate to a strong motivation for its preservation. The focus in this research is on a single case, a historic diamond mining town in the Free State Province of South Africa, dating to 1869, with a rich and diverse history. The research was conducted employing a multi-paradigmatic approach grounded in Phenomenology and Psychometrics.
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Chatzoglou, Afroditi. "Heritage and the built environment : the case study of the living historic city of Athens, Greece." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708707.
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Stergiou, Stavroula. "The concept of the avant-garde in twentieth and twenty-first century architecture : history, theory, criticism." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/32215/.
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The ‘Avant-Garde’ in architecture seems a challenging subject: first, because the term has not yet clearly defined, despite the ubiquity of its use; second, because through that ubiquity it has become a buzz-word that is empty of precise meaning; third, because although this use includes the history of modern architecture, its application to this field has been largely unreflective and often unconsidered, as this thesis demonstrates. There is ambivalence as to which architectures are ‘Avant-Garde’ or should be regarded as ‘Avant-Garde.’ Therefore, there is a challenge in any question such as: what is the Avant-Garde in architecture? How can the architectural Avant-Garde be defined? What is the concept of the Avant-Garde in architecture? My thesis is a sociological conceptualization of the Avant-Garde in architecture. It is based on the mapping of the use the‘ term ‘Avant-Garde’ in architectural history, theory and criticism and its analytical tools are sociological. While it belongs to the above fields, it is informed by art theory and history, cultural studies, and the sociology of the professions, and includes sociological, cultural and political analyses. I suggest that the Avant-Garde is an Operation internal to architecture; a mechanism that does not only describe it but formulates it, motivates it, or else, influences our perception of it. I propose that the Avant-Garde is directed by prominent elements of its internal domain. It includes a filtering process, a rough selection process, and a selection process, by which one or more architectures internal conditions - are introduced to the discipline to renew the profession toward the desired and necessary, for the element who directs the operation, direction (see fig. 2, appendix). The end result of the selection process is what we commonly understand as ‘Avant-Garde’ architecture, e.g. Russian Constructivism or Bauhaus. I also propose that the Avant-Garde lies in and operates within the socio-ideological sphere of architecture and that renewal of the architecture's internal domain is necessary, thus the Avant-Garde is necessary, so as to make architecture respond to each time new external conditions and so endure, as a profession, over time. The Avant-Garde is for me an operation of renewal, a driver of difference and change in architecture (see fig. 1, appendix). The methodology adopted is as follows: I first introduce my analytical tools, some key sociological concepts, and concepts from the ‘Avant-Garde’ discourse (chapter 1). I then examine the filtering process and rough selection process in architectural history: I map the usage of the term in a historiographic corpus and arrive at the more frequently and the less frequently named ‘Avant-Garde’ architectures, which become my two case studies. These are Russian Revolutionary Architecture and Italian Rationalism (chapter 2). The third step is to arrive, through the comparison of my case studies, at those parameters that are crucial in being selected as ‘Avant-Garde,’ i.e. their ‘Avantgardification’ - this occurs after 1960 when the term starts being used describing architectures (part 2). The fourth step is to examine the period of the extended 19605 when the term starts appearing as a means of describing architectures and thus the selection process begins (chapter 6). As a fifth step I research the selection process in the discourse of architectural theory and criticism: I investigate in a particular corpus of writings which architectures, by whom they are chosen as ‘Avant-Garde,’ and the reason why, as Well as which are the concomitant effects of the usage of the term on architecture. In other words, beyond concentrating on which architectures or architectural movements are ‘Avant-Garde' in these writings, I focus on the effects of this selection and denomination (chapter 7). As a sixth step, I examine the selection process of my two case studies in architectural theory and criticism, i.e the Avantgardification of Russian Revolutionary Architecture and less of Italian Rationalism. I investigate when, by whom, and the reason why the first architecture is mostly selected as ‘Avant- Garde,’ as well as which are the concomitant effects on architecture (chapter 8, see also fig. 3, appendix). As a final step I examine the Avant-Garde as a sociological concept based on the key-concepts introduced in chapter 1 (Conclusions). A sociological conceptualization of the Avant-Garde is important for shedding light on issues beyond those of ‘Avant-Garde’ architectures. Through such a concept of the Avant-Garde we recognize issues of the profession, issues which are wider than questions which are directly connected to those architectures selected as such. Looking through the ‘Avant-Garde’ we understand the ways by which architecture is being renewed and Operated. By recognizing the conditions, in which the ‘Avant-Garde’ architectures have been created, and the way and time in which the term was employed to describe them, we understand the mode in which architecture, as a discipline, functions. My thesis is a hermeneutics of the architectural profession through the term ‘Avant-Garde.’
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El-Gowhary, Hatem Yousry. "Culture, behaviour and urban open space : a study of environmental behaviour in residential areas, with special refrence to Alexandria, Egypt." Thesis, Kingston University, 2005. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20218/.
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Fisher, Fiona Elizabeth. "In public, in private : design and modernisation in the London public house, 1872-1902." Thesis, Kingston University, 2007. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20220/.
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This thesis explores the design and modernisation of public houses in London and environs in the period between the licensing acts of 1872 and 1902. The late nineteenth century public house of historical account has emerged as a site spatially and materially designed and organised to meet the needs of customers anxious to preserve class-based social distinctions within the public sphere. The thesis argues that this dominant socio-spatial mapping of the interior has obscured other important and intersecting influences on the design and organisation of London's public houses in the period, notably the relationship with the home and the influence of gender on the development of the interior. Further, the productive -and socially constitutive nature of the interior has been left largely unconsidered. The study explores the spatial, material and aesthetic models upon which London's . late nineteenth century public houses developed. It employs a public/private framework as an historical analytic with the flexibility to investigate social, spatial and intellectual constructs, and as a way of examining the site in terms used by publicans, customers and legislators to define its spaces and negotiate its boundaries. The thesis aims to extend current understanding of the public/private relationship through an examination of material change in a single building type; to evidence the historical processes by which the boundaries between public and private spaces and activities were negotiated, contested and formalised; to explore the implications of these negotiations for class and gender identities; and to provide a material focus for more abstract discussions about space.
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Ioannidou, Ersi. "The (Existez-) minimum dwelling." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441258.
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This thesis is an exploration into the modern meaning of the minimum dwelling. It discusses how this meaning gradually became disengaged from the minimum house. It proposes a new definition of the minimum dwelling based on the minimum social unit, that is, the individual. At the beginning of the 20th century, the term Existenzminimum dwelling proposed a new way of living. This modernist definition of the minimum dwelling was based on a reproducible expendable minimum house. This thesis argues that this definition is no longer valid; yet, any present definition of the minimum dwelling is still informed by it. The reconfiguration of the minimum house as an expendable object disempowered the house as a tool for the experience of the home. This dissociation of the house and the home is a condition that has gradually diminished the role of the house in everyday life and redefined the experience of the home. The meaning of the home is now invested in a multiplicity of locations, experiences and objects. This thesis defines the minimum home as a core of personally meaningful possessions, the spatial configurations they create and recreate and the information they carry. This thesis’s definition of the minimum dwelling is based on this minimum home. This argument is pursued through two modes of inquiry. On the one hand with a critical analysis of texts, buildings, architectural projects and works of art. On the other hand by the development of a series of projects. These two investigations are parallel and overlapping. In this document, they are organised in a linear way. This structure assists the progress of the argument and reveals the gradual development of this thesis from an interest to develop a truly individual minimum house to the realisation that the minimum dwelling is a personal project.
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Bodin, Anders. "Helgo Zettervalls arkitektur." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Arkitekturens historia och teori, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206814.
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Helgo Zettervall (1831–1907) was one of Sweden’s principal architects and design talents. He was professionally active for 40 years, from the late 1850s to the mid-1890s – a period of intensive building activity in Sweden. For the first twenty years of his career, he had his practice in Lund, and in the subsequent twenty years he lived in Stockholm as head of Sweden’s state authority for public buildings. Zettervall was very productive. His portfolio contains 281 projects, of which 160 were executed, ranging from large cathedral restorations with thousands of detailed drawings and large public buildings to porch extensions and smaller residences. This dissertation highlights Zettervall’s works by putting them in a context and by analysing their qualitative aspects. Carried out as a historiographical case study, the framework for the dissertation is the architectural monograph. The individual architectural projects are the core of the presentation, assembling and making archive material readily accessible, and the method is leaning towards that of an oeuvre complète raisonné. The method includes three distinct approaches: a factual accounting of documents and drawings, a context-setting frame story that provides the conditions, and an architectural analysis. Zettervall belonged to the first generation of architects who could receive a well-planned and broad training in Sweden. All of this training took place against a backdrop of what a specific assignment demanded in terms of responsiveness and understanding. Zettervall developed a special talent for utilizing new construction methods and materials. Each assignment was a challenge to investigate new design principles and new spatial ideas. The investigation shows that every project was unique for Zettervall, and that his various solutions depended on the specific situation, regarding site and program. Zettervall was a distinct pragmatic. Every assignment had its unique conditions, and thus had a unique solution.QC 20170511
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Ahmad, Tauseef. "A study of changes occuring in valuable aspects of the built environment of the core areas of historic settlements in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245541.
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Wheaton, Pat. "High style and society : class, taste and modernity in British interwar decorating." Thesis, Kingston University, 2011. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/24563/.
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This thesis explores the way in which interior decorating developed as a practice during the interwar period in Britain and seeks to address broader contexts of gender, class, taste and styles. While traditional design histories have tracked the development of the interior design model through a direct sequence of movements and ideologies through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, this thesis addresses issues which have been problematic within the context of art and design history. It acknowledges the more linear dimension of the original strand and seeks to offer a complementary appraisal which considers and appreciates the role of class, wealth and privilege and deconstructs boundaries which have marginalized gender and obscured certain important influences. The study examines the way in which decorators, many of whom were female, negotiated a design agenda which engaged with modernity without fully renouncing hard-fought signifiers of their class, taste and individuality. It argues that in the development of its practices, significant alliances were formed with fashion and that the vital role performed by media representation and social commentary underpinned its commercial profile and provided the public locus of its discourse. The nature of professional decorating is explored against a background of emerging practices in the first decades of the twentieth-century which included the antiques trade; grand scale establishments such as Lenygon & Morant, White Allom, Thornton-Smith and Keebles; department-store studios including those at Heal’s, Waring & Gillow and Fortnum & Mason; and individual practitioners and designers including Syrie Maugham, Sibyl Colefax, Dolly Mann and Ronald Fleming. In a period rife with social and political upheavals and conflicting ideologies as well as technological advancement and life-style changes, the study’s analysis aims to provide a broader understanding of the way in which decorators proactively negotiated such conditions and presented a cultural and aesthetic response to modernity through the diversity of their styles.
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Liu, Jinyi. "Zhang Yuan (1885-1919): Constructing a Public Garden in Cosmopolitan Shanghai." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1493889997657783.
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Moreno, Christopher. "A Case for Building Conservation in a Modern Society: Bear Down Gym." The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/584145.
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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone ProjectIncreasing demand for new construction has made the building sector responsible for approximately 43 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the United States. Building conservation, an intervention strategy that refurbishes an existing building without compromising its architectural integrity, is a response to the population’s current infatuation with the new and now that has desensitized modern culture to the past, while surfacing one’s responsibilities to future generations. The focus of this study will be on the University of Arizona’s Bear Down Gym. Through a historical and architectural evaluation, this report makes a case for the rehabilitation of Bear Down Gym in respect to the Secretary of Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation.
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Harris, Houston. "Connecting Communities: Comparison of sidewalk characteristics and connectivity in existing Tucson neighborhoods." The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608639.
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Sustainable Built Environments Senior Capstone ProjectSidewalk fragmentation in Tucson is the result of City Code Ordinance 25-12 that places the responsibility of sidewalk installation and maintenance on property owner. However, with an average household income 27% below the national average and 25% of Tucson residents living below poverty level sidewalk fragmentation has become a pedestrian safety concern. By using Google Earth to measure the percentage of paved, unpaved and not present sidewalks in four historic communities in central Tucson; this study found a directly proportional relationship between the length of time the neighborhood has been listed as a historic community and the percentage of paved sidewalks within the neighborhood.
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L'Official, Pete Thomas. "Urban Legends: The South Bronx in Representation and Ruin." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13065024.
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"Urban Legends: The South Bronx in Representation and Ruin" examines the construction of the South Bronx in the American imagination during the 1970s and 1980s--a time when the South Bronx was synonymous with the failures of urbanism. The project attempts a multidisciplinary excavation of the cultural manifestations of urban ruin as articulated through the histories, literatures, and visual arts produced within and inspired by the ruins of the Bronx. The dissertation contends that Bronx ruins offered a site for visual artists, writers, and photographers to create new ways of understanding the production and perception of urban environments, while shaping the forms and styles that these creations took. The project theorizes the emergence and legacy of these forms alongside what it terms "municipal art": public works of city governmental bodies which, themselves, responded to ruin, and that might also be read as art.
The dissertation's first part places the building cuts of the artist Gordon Matta-Clark in dialogue with the trompe l'oeil window decals of New York's "Occupied Look" program. It argues, on one hand, that Matta-Clark's artworks employ the tactics and effects of trompe l'oeil, and, on the other, that the seemingly failed "Occupied Look" project presents, upon close examination, vastly more interesting questions about temporality, duration, stasis within the built environment. The dissertation's second part views 1980s New York City Department of Finance tax assessment photographs within and against documentary and conceptual art contexts to reveal aesthetic debts owed by photographers and artists to "administrative" or systematic modes. The dissertation argues that these tax photos, despite their empirical intention, are inevitably productive of narrative, and demand an empathetic model of viewership that gestures at historic ruin-gazing while puncturing mythological understandings of urban ruin. The dissertation's third part examines how the popular fiction of Tom Wolfe and Don DeLillo imagined the Bronx built environment. The dissertation argues that the infrastructures that animate these portions of their fiction--abhorred in one and celebrated in the other--bind the South Bronx to city, making it less an alienated nowhere than one that is intimately tied to the world around it.
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Rosa, Brian. "Beneath the arches : re-appropriating the spaces of infrastructure in Manchester." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/beneath-the-arches-reappropriating-the-spaces-of-infrastructure-in-manchester(333f6f40-4f4f-4689-ab2f-0019fff88ede).html.
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This thesis sets out to explore the implications that transport infrastructures have on the production and perception of the urban built environment. Particularly, it focuses on the Victorian brick viaducts constructed to support the elevated railway in Manchester, England. It concentrates on Manchester’s post-industrial restructuring and re-imaging since the late 1960s, exploring how the presence of brick railway viaducts, as well as the uses beneath their arches, have impacted strategies for revalorisation in the wake of gradual deindustrialisation. In exploring the changing symbolic economy of landscapes dominated by railway infrastructure, as well as the shifting uses and images of railway arches, this thesis explores the interplay between political economy and the aesthetic and symbolic dimensions of urban regeneration. Upon establishing the mutually constituted history of Manchester’s elevated railways and its city centre and demonstrating how this 19th century process has shaped the form and character of the city, it excavates a cultural history of the infrastructural landscapes of the city. Special emphasis is placed on the uses and perceptions of railway arches, which have long served as symbols of dereliction and social disorder. These spatial and cultural histories act as a foundation for analysing how the city’s railway viaducts have been implicated in the re-imagining of Manchester as a post-industrial city. These histories and representations are explored in relation to property-led strategies of environmental improvement, industrial displacement, and heritage tourism along the southern fringe of Manchester city centre, focusing on three thematic and spatially bound case studies. These case studies rely on documentary data of planning and design strategies, interviews with elite actors involved in the re-imaging of Manchester city centre, and ethnographic observation. Using critical discourse analysis, the thesis unpacks the narrative relationship between dominant representations of these spaces and professional justifications for their material and symbolic reconfiguration.
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West, Shaun Eric. "Investigating Early Village Community Formation and Development at Kolomoki (9ER1)." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6602.
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In southeastern North America, the Woodland period (ca. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) was arguably witness to the first early village societies, and Kolomoki—located in southwestern Georgia—is among the largest villages during this interval. Though archaeologists recognize these communities as seminal developments in the course of human history, little attention has been paid to how they develop and vary internally. This thesis seeks to address these issues by focusing on the development and social construction of the early village community at Kolomoki. The results of an excavation program carried out within Kolomoki’s South Village affords a clearer picture of this understudied area, and provides supplemental collections to previous work at the site. New radiocarbon dates suggest a dynamic developmental sequence of Kolomoki’s village, starting as a relatively compact village sometime around the second century A.D., and growing to a massive scale around the seventh or eighth century A.D. Comparisons of various classes of material cultural provide evidence for contrasts between occupation along Kolomoki’s northern and southern enclosures, interpreted as differing uses of space by an internally differentiated community.
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Adair, Matthew Bailey. "Suburbanization of the City: An examination of the built environment characteristics and social life of German Village, a historic urban neighborhood in Columbus, Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492702928076232.
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Tate, Alan. "Typology and built environment." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556064.
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Bowring, Jacky. "Institutionalising the picturesque: the discourse of the New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects." Lincoln University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/667.
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Despite its origins in England two hundred years ago, the picturesque continues to influence landscape architectural practice in late twentieth-century New Zealand. The evidence for this is derived from a close reading of the published discourse of the New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects, particularly the now defunct professional journal, The Landscape. Through conceptualising the picturesque as a language, a model is developed which provides a framework for recording the survey results. The way in which the picturesque persists as naturalised conventions in the discourse is expressed as four landscape myths. Through extending the metaphor of language, pidgins and creoles provide an analogy for the introduction and development of the picturesque in New Zealand. Some implications for theory, practice and education follow.
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Weeks, Eric C. "Memory and Meaning: Constructed Commemoration in a Nation's Capital City." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1353549838.
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Hampton, Paul. "Influencing the undergraduate built environment curricula through stakeholder understandings of built environment employability skills." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21270/.
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The aim of this project is to uncover new insights and understanding of Higher Education (HE) built environment employability skills. To assimilate the project findings within a built environment employability skills compass model developed as a key output of this project and promulgate the findings to enrich current thinking between stakeholders and apply this new knowledge within university pedagogy and across a wider community. In particular, reporting the opinions and interpretations of stakeholders surrounding their understanding of employability skills for a built environment undergraduate. Conduct research and literature review on the subject of employability skills. Disseminate findings within industry and academia at regional, national and transnational levels. The project uses a qualitative dual methodology was adopted; Firstly a phenomenological methodology encapsulating the rich expressive and emotional language. Secondly spirit of action research methodology facilitating numerous access and departure points within the project investigations. Using preliminary research located within various levels and modes of discreet inquiries, incorporating early reconnaissance field work investigations and group forum interventions. At the heart of the project investigation a series of thirty semi-structured interviews undertaken during 2011-2015 with key stakeholders. Contributions are gathered from a range of key stakeholders; academics, employers, policymakers/politicians, professional bodies, career advisors and graduates predominately but not exclusively within the West Midlands conurbation, with the results identified a disparity and gap in knowledge and understanding surrounding built environment employability skills. In particular, the research located and disseminated novel insights and shared agreements behind how HE curricula can be better informed and how shared ownership can contribute to the design of curricula. Pockets of shared understanding were revealed and an inner core of rich employability skills that external stakeholders believe set individuals apart from others were discovered. The findings have encouraged rich exchanges and increased levels of engagement between academics, practitioners and stakeholders; removing the fear behind ownership and shared responsibility of built environment curricula design. A key output of the project was the creation and development of a built environment employability skills compass tool and the findings situated within the compass have assisted with the modification and enrichment of HE teaching within architecture and the built environment curricula and have provided meaningful impact, evidenced by feedback received from employers who have commented on the increased levels of employability skills that graduates of (2013-15) possess as they leave the University of Wolverhampton into the world of work.
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Wang, Qi. "Towards the built environment linguistics." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10508/.
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In the history of the built environments theoretical development, the architecture, city and landscape have all been considered as language. Differing from subjects and scholars, various built environment languages have existed, durably or ephemerally. Some stressed the structure of languages and extracted the built environment dictionaries; some emphasized the linguistic characteristics of language and compiled the built environment grammar. They are all great achievements in built environment theory; however, since the connatural difference between the tangible buildings and the intangible spoken & written languages, this concept - the built environment languages - are still esoteric and intricate for the public. Facing this problem, this research intends to probe an integrated built environment language and to uncover the essence and mechanism of the built environment language. Undoubtedly, a comprehensive literature review is the foundation before any further development. Through careful study about both the structural linguistics - semiology system and previous built environment language studies, it is conspicuous that a universal built environment linguistics framework can be established referring to the knowledge of structural linguistics and semiology. Hereinto, firstly the built environment can be looked as a 'langage' that contains the corresponding 'langue' and 'parole' then other binary linguistic concepts, including the "signifier & signified"‚ "isologic sign & non-isologic sign", "syntagmatic axis & systematic axis" and "synchronic aspect & diachronic aspect", can be introduced into this new field. Therefore, based on this framework, not only can the essence and mechanism of built environment linguistics be explained, but also all the previous studies about the languages of architecture, urban planning and landscape can be seamlessly embedded inside. After the theoretical analysis, a discreetly designed simulation test is prepared to verify the practicability of built environment linguistics. Its results can then provide strong support from pragmatic dimension. Finally, the foundation of a theory of universal built environment linguistics can be achieved, but to be same as all other scientific researches, what is completed here is just a beginning rather than an end.
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Corominas, Vivian Valverde. "Os desafios para proteção do patrimônio histórico edificado no Brasil: estudo de caso do programa 'alegra centro 'em Santos/SP." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2017. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/4121.
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This thesis tried to analyze the challenges for the protection of historical heritage built in Brazil taking into account the Program of revitalization of the central area of the Municipality of Santos/SP, called ¿Alegra Centro¿. The objective was to demystify the negative conception that institute called in Brazil as ¿tombamento¿ as gained over the years. For this approached the evolution of the concept of property right until to the social function of the city. In this sense, it was demonstrated that the architectural heritage is inserted in the Artificial Environment deserving an environmental protection, emphasizing that there are no people without identity. Therefore a protection of cultural heritage built aims to guarantee the dignity of the human person. Under the focus of International Law, the thesis succinctly addresses some of the International Conventions that protect cultural heritage, as well as the evolution of the concept of protection of monuments to the protection of urban sets through the analysis of Heritage Letters. At the national level, was studied the Law n. 25, of 1937, which deals with the protection of cultural heritage in the country, creating the institute of ¿tombamento¿. Thus was analyzed the jurisprudential of the main discussions involving the theme. In the analysis of the case study, the question of the revitalization of the central area of Santos / SP was investigated in order to determine if the incentives provided by the legislation were sufficient to promote the intended transformation, as well as whether the gentrification process was carried out. It was also treated the possibility of coexistence between the right to housing and the right to culture or whether in the collision of these rights, one prevails over the other. In order to reach the proposed objectives, the deductive method was used, through a general analysis of the legislation to protect the historical heritage, as well as the case study, using the bibliographic resources to confirm or refute the premises launched in this qualitative research.
A dissertação em questão visou analisar os desafios para a proteção do patrimônio histórico edificado no Brasil, levando-se em consideração o Programa de revitalização da área central do Município de Santos/SP, denominado ¿Alegra Centro¿. Objetivou-se desmistificar a concepção negativa que o instituto do tombamento ganhou ao longo dos anos. Para tanto, abordou-se desde a evolução do conceito de direito de propriedade até a função social da cidade. Demonstrou-se que o patrimônio arquitetônico está inserido no Meio Ambiente Artificial, merecendo a tutela ambiental, ressaltando que não existe povo sem identidade de modo que a proteção do patrimônio cultural edificado visa garantir a dignidade da pessoa humana. Sob o foco do Direito Internacional, o trabalho abordou sucintamente alguns Pactos Internacionais que tutelam o patrimônio cultural, assim como a evolução do conceito de proteção dos monumentos para proteção dos conjuntos urbanos, por meio da análise das Cartas Patrimoniais. No âmbito nacional, estudou-se o Decreto-Lei n. 25, de 1937, que trata da tutela do patrimônio cultural no País, criando o instituto do tombamento. Assim, procedeu-se à análise jurisprudencial das principais discussões envolvendo o tema. Na análise do estudo de caso, foi abordada a questão da revitalização da área central de Santos/SP no sentido de apurar se os incentivos constantes da legislação foram suficientes para promoção da transformação pretendida, bem como se houve o processo de gentrificação. Abordou-se ainda a possibilidade ou não de coexistência entre o direito à moradia e o direito à cultura. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, utilizou-se do método dedutivo, por meio de análise geral da legislação de proteção do patrimônio histórico edificado, bem como do estudo de caso, utilizando-se ainda os recursos bibliográficos para confirmar ou refutar as premissas lançadas nesta pesquisa qualitativa.
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Langdon, Paul. "Built environment education : a curriculum paradigm." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40377.
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The expansion of Built Environment Education into art programs is a relatively recent phenomenon but very timely. The need to develop in students an understanding of their living environment is urgent as they inherit a world that is experiencing the depletion of its resources and erosion of its ecological balance.There is a fundamental need for more comprehensive curriculum planning in built environment education. The goal of this research is to develop a curriculum paradigm that can be used to create curriculum plans and instructional designs for built environment education as part of the art class in secondary schools.
The built environment content of this curriculum paradigm is based on the active investigation of the students' internal world with all its different perceptions and lived experience and how this affects their understanding of the greater built environment. Through a more intense investigation of the greater built environment, the students will then analyze the effect that this environment has on their own perceptions and living habits. By developing a more conscious understanding of the built environment, the students will be better equipped to make informed decisions on how to better adapt to or change their environment.
A guiding principle for the curriculum paradigm was to ensure that the introduction of a new subject area, such as built environment education, into art education curriculum involved processes of creativity and discovery along with self-reflective and participatory action for both the teacher and students. To be effective, the content material must not only be accessible through the traditional modes of academic literature research but also made valid through observation, reflection and interaction with the particular built environment of the teacher and students themselves.
Vigilance and active participation in the process of urban change are vital. These changes can only be effective and enduring if we acknowledge the capacity of the built environment to enrich our lives as private and communal beings.
One of the essential goals of this curriculum paradigm is to capture the excitement and potential that the built environment offers as a pervasive agent for understanding and celebrating constructed past, present and future.
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Norberg, Peter. "Microclimate measurements in the built environment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Built Environment, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-2717.
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Surface moisture plays an important role in thedeterioration of building surfaces. The extent and duration ofsurface moisture is generally impossible to predictfrommeteorological data and consequently direct measurement ofthis quantity is essential,e.g. using the WETCORR method. Thismethod has been developed in Scandinaviaduring the past 25years. From the beginning it was intended for measurementsofinstantaneous atmospheric corrosion rates and TOW (time ofwetness) using corrodingelectrolytic cells. Over the past 15years the method has been extended tomeasurements of surfacemoisture and TOW on building materials in general. To thatend amodified measuring concept has gradually been developed,including an inertelectrolytic cell with electrodes of gold(Au). More recently, the method has also been applied tomeasurements of moisture content (MC) in various materialsusingmodifications of the traditional pin-type electrodes.
This thesis summarises various measurement projects thathave involved theWETCORR method during the past 10 years. Someprojects are entirely focused on the method as such, some aremore concerned with the interaction between themoisture sensorand the environment. In some cases attempts are made tocorrelate TOW with corrosion.
The limitations of the ISO 9223 standard for estimating TOW(RH>80%, T>0°C) isclearly illustrated. Theshortcomings of the ISO standard become evident in climateswith sub-zero temperatures, in environments with significantdeposition of pollutantsand salt, and in situations where theexchange of radiation between building surfaces and thesurrounding environment creates large temperature differenceswhich in turnmay either promote or inhibit condensation.
A generalised definition of TOW based on the conductivity ofthe surface electrolyterather than the thickness of themoisture film is proposed. The modified TOW is called time ofconduction or time of corrosion, (TOC). Strict measurement ofTOC requiresthe use of an inert electrolytic sensor andexcitation by AC or pulsed DC withreversing of the polarity.This is different from the present WETCORR technique.Theadoption of the TOC concept opens up the possibility ofdividing time into "wet" and"dry" periods. This is believed tofacilitate for the development of dose-responsefunctions basedon the real physical/chemical processes occurring on materialsurfacesrather than on a parametric approach.
The WETCORR technique has proven to be very useful also formeasurements of MCin wood, a measurement concept called INWOOD.The general principles andtheoretical considerations for woodmoisture measurements are reviewed, includingthe derivation ofsemi-empirical relationships describing the dependence ofresistivity on MC, temperature and dry density of wood. Thesame technique should be possible to use with almost any porousbuilding material.
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Ünal, Burak. "Sustainable Development of Istanbul Built Environment." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147658.
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Marmara Sea and Black Sea connected with renowned Bosporus surround Istanbul, the city, which owns the privilege of bridging Europe and Asia. Besides such inland seas; forests and wetlands fragmented around and in the city maintain the natural cycle in the region. However, Istanbul as a fast developing urban area witnesses environmental issues like many other urban areas in global scale. Rapid economic and population growth of the city increase the pressure on above mentioned natural resources. Sustainable development of built environment is one of the best solutions in order to mitigate environmental damages of urban areas. The solution comes with green construction projects and systems yet the city and the market itself have barriers to block or slow the process of sustainable development. Identification of such barriers and reviewing international sustainable development practices paves the way for generating recommendations for environmentally friendly urban expansion in Istanbul. Survey targeting market professionals was conducted to identify sustainable development barriers in Istanbul and in order to address such barriers the thesis refers to conducted interviews and international practices presented in the literature review. The thesis draws economic, market and governmental recommendations which are particularly focused on financial incentives, raising awareness and enacting green laws involving all stakeholders of construction and real estate market.
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Iial-Awad, Ahmad Salmeh. "Stratified flow in the built environment." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/14350.
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Stratified flow in an environmental chamber has been investigated. The chamber of dimensions (7.5m long, 5.6m wide and 3.0m) at the University of Hertfordshire has been used. Sets of experiments investigating the effect of the major flow parameters such as airflow rate, jet momentum, flow conditions and height of the air supply device have been conducted. Results have been obtained to evaluate the flow characteristics and thermal stratification mechanism. The study has demonstrated the validity of using smoke visualization to evaluate the stratified flow characteristics such as interface level height, stratified layer thickness, and degree of stratification. The effects of both hot and cold airflow rates in the ranges of (0.0 to 8.0 m3 /min) were investigated. The flow characteristics vary depending on the flow parameters and the experimental conditions. The effect of supply terminal and extract terminal at various airflow rates on the flow characteristics is experimentally investigated. It has been found that relative influence of inertia and buoyancy forces resolves the stratified flow characteristics. The stratification interface level height and the ventilation flow rates are two main factors in the design of natural ventilation system. The results can be used to obtain a good estimation of the effectiveness of a ventilation system at design stage. Experimental work was carried out using ceiling jet to supply hot and cold air to a confined space, to investigate the effect of jet momentum in breaking and mixing the stratified layer. The flow of high momentum was supplied downward from the ceiling. The magnitude of momentum needed depends on the degree of stratification, stratified layer interface level height and the stratification conditions. It can be seen that the jet momentum has significant influence on the mixing of the stratified flow characteristics. The results indicated that once the momentum was initiated a mixed flow grew in the occupied zone above the floor. The height of this zone depends on the stratified flow characteristics, and the temperature and momentum of the ceiling jet. Another area of experimentation was the inversion of input airflow supplies. In this case, the flow of high buoyancy was supplied upward, whilst the flow of high momentum was supplied downward from the ceiling. The stratified layer lost its stability and broke down due to the drag and tearing of cold air penetrated downward from higher levels. The compound effect of these two conditions will circulate the air in the whole space and disturb the stability of the stratified layer to reach fully mixed flow A comprehensive definition of the degree of stratification was formulated. Analytical solutions were developed for the stratified layer thickness and location as a function of temperature gradient and airflow ratios. These expressions were calibrated using the experimental results. The critical momentum needed to breakdown the stratified layer also evaluated. Comparisons with previous studies where also carried out. It was found that the stratified layer interface level height is dependent on the ratio of airflow rate and geometrical effects. If mixed flow is desired then the cold inflow aperture should be located higher than the hot inflow aperture, whiles the interface level height is not located at the exhaust aperture height. The critical vertical momentum necessary in order to break down a stratified layer has been found to depend on the stratified layer interface level height. A semi-empirical formula based on the present experimental results has been developed to predict the critical vertical momentum for given stratified conditions. Based on the present experimental results, the effect of momentum is greater than the effect of buoyancy and the time needed to break down the stratified layer is considerable less than the time it takes to stratify. Experimental data also demonstrate a ventilation method for increasing the occupied zone height without breaking down the stratified layer.
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Sherman, Sandra Anne. "Healing effects of the built environment." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3321036.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2008.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Aug. 1, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-127).
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Nuño, Manuel. "Photocatalytic coatings in the built environment." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.687320.
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The photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide have been widely studied over recent decades since the discovery in 1972 of water photolysis by TiO2 electrodes. There are a number of different TiO2 polymorphs. Rutile and anatase are the most studied due to their chemo-physical properties. Under ultraviolet light, TiO2 is able to absorb photons, creating a charge separation on the surface, an electron and a positive “hole”. This electron-hole pair then reacts with water and oxygen, generating radicals, very unstable and reactive species which show great potential for neutralisation of pollutants. In the introduction the state of art of photocatalysis; chemo-physical principles, applications and current analysis are described. A number of protocols to test photoactivity are discussed with particular emphasis on the importance of gas phase reactions. The development of a novel system to study gas phase reactions by mass spectrometry was explored, detailing the conditions and parameters that were optimised. This instrument was used to analyse photocatalytic properties of TiO2 powders and photocatalytic coatings under different UV light conditions. The results showed how TiO2 in the form of anatase and rutile removed nitrogen and carbon dioxide under different UV light sources, with anatase being more effective. A comprehensive study of several commercially available TiO2 powders and coatings was performed to identify the differences between photocatalytic properties, using electron microscopy, Raman and UV-vis diffusive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. An important question that was answered in this thesis is whether the physical properties of nanoparticles or their electronic properties are critical for their photocatalytic behaviour. Results for anatase powders of different particle size and surface area showed how the positioning of their electronic band gap with the wavelength of the UV light source was fundamental for an effective photocatalyic process. In order to improve the photocatalytic process, “self-doping” TiO2 was investigated. Different reduction temperatures were studied to generate the best ratio of Ti3+-Ti4+ that stabilised the charge distribution process to maximize the electron-hole pairs generated per photon in the gas phase. From a wide range of reduction temperatures, titanium sub-oxime reduced at 400 oC showed the best performance in removing carbon dioxide. In the application of TiO2 for the built environment, the best commercially available TiO2 powder, anatase P25 was applied with two different techniques. Electrophoretic deposition has the potential to scale up the process for prefabricated panels in construction. Solvent, iv deposition time, voltage and substrate were optimised. The resulting photoactivity of the coatings was evaluated showing a higher efficiency than a compressed pellet of anatase P25. The final part of the thesis was dedicated to the formulation and application of a photocatalytic enhanced lime based coatings for the built heritage. The use of calcium hydroxide dispersions is widely used in the conservation and restoration community, reinforcing limestone when it carbonates. Anatase P25, was added to improve the performance in polluted atmospheres, acting as a sacrificial barrier. Results showed that by adding anatase to the formulation, calcium hydroxide reacted preferentially with sulphur dioxide over carbon dioxide. The final product in the formulation with anatase was calcium sulphate, whereas the final product for the calcium hydroxide formulation was calcium sulphite. Finally, a general discussion of the results is presented and the conclusions of this research are drawn. Recommendations for further work are presented in the last chapter.
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Rahman, Suraiyati. "Heritage tourism and the built environment." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3350/.
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The aims of this research are to examine and explore perceptions of the built environmental impacts of heritage tourism in urban settlements; to explore the practice of heritage tourism management; and to examine the consequences of both for the sustainability of the heritage environment. The literature review explores the concepts of heritage management, the heritage production model, the tourist-historic city, and sustainability and the impact of tourism on the built environment. A theoretical framework is developed, through an examination of literature on environmental impacts, carrying capacity, sustainability, and heritage management; and a research framework is devised for investigating the built environmental impacts of heritage tourism in urban settlements, based around five objectives, or questions. The research methodology is explained. Fieldwork took place in Ludlow, Shropshire from 2006 to 2010. It included an analysis of the national and local planning policy framework; and the phenomenon of the small English heritage town, of which Ludlow is a prime example. Linked surveys were undertaken in Ludlow of visitors, business providers, and managers of heritage tourism. The study establishes (a) the concept of 'perceived impact' of heritage tourism on the built environment is a stronger analytical and management tool than the concept of carrying capacity; and (b) that understanding stakeholder's perception of the built environmental impacts of heritage tourism provides empirical evidence that can contribute a new dimension to debates on the definition of 'heritage'; (c) takes forward the typology of the built environmental impacts of tourism as developed by Hunter and Green, using empirical data to show what different stakeholders think about the relative importance of different aspects of heritage.
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McIntosh, Simon Charles. "Wind energy for the built environment." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252153.
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Dunbar, Susan C. "Built to last : designing for a referential continuity in the built environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65675.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-134).
This thesis is about exploring a way of understanding, designing and building architecture which acknowledges that we are a part of a world which is always changing and becoming, without denying or forgetting the past, and still fulfilling the needs and potentials of the present. It is about continuing the collective understanding of how we relate to an evolving built environment. Current trends in commercial architecture tend to build neutral spaces which are then sold as a commodity to be filled with whatever use the consumer desires, rather than building for specific needs as they are required. This has contributed to a lack of definition in the cumulative built environment which has reduced the information available as a reference for evaluating and interpreting one's surroundings in ways which enrich and further its potential use. What I am proposing to explore are some issues of design that respond to a specific site, which will be able to meet the long-term concerns of growth and/or change in use and technology, while providing a referential continuity; a continuity in the understanding of how a building and its surroundings have evolved. As change is an inevitable fact of existence, designing with that as a goal is redundant and leads only to an undefined, passive building as opposed to a more specific definition which positively influences how it is inhabited. The analysis of existing buildings which have been renovated generates some basic principles about the qualities which seem to endow a structure with the capacity to be reinterpreted without losing its initial character in the existing environment. These principles will then be applied to the design of a new building as an illustration of how buildings which are not designed for the possibility of multiple inhabitations over time, need not be neutral in their organization, but may actually contribute substantially to their surroundings and their interpretation.
by Susan C. Dunbar.
M.Arch.
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Barnaby, Alice. "Light touches : cultural practices of illumination, London 1780-1840." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/3037.
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In the last decades of the eighteenth century, urban lives were touched by a series of innovations in the technology and aesthetics of illumination. Unfamiliar combinations of new fuel sources and auxiliary equipment (for example, curtains, blinds, glass, mirrors and lampshades) meant that cities looked and felt different during both the day and the night. The spheres of elite, popular, public and private culture explored, exploited and were fascinated by the cultural value of light. Through four case studies in the aesthetics of urban illumination, my thesis demonstrates how the acquisition of skills for the manipulation of transparent and reflective surfaces were crucial when negotiating a balance between self-expression and standards of taste, morality, gender and class. Rather than relying upon canonical examples of the period’s fascination with light, such as the high Romantic idealization of nature’s sunrises and sunsets, my thesis investigates more everyday encounters with light in the built environment: the fashionably genteel pastime of transparent painting; the gendering of light to design both domestic interiors and female identity; the appropriation of patrician top-lighting for public buildings of education and exhibition; and the popularity of illuminated spectacles in commercial pleasure gardens. I argue that these new possibilities of lighting temporarily enabled new possibilities of subjectivity. My historical phenomenology suggests that the formation of perception between 1780 and 1840 was actively directed towards changes in the world through a finely-attuned consciousness of light.