To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: History of the British Restoration.
Journal articles on the topic 'History of the British Restoration'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'History of the British Restoration.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
RYRIE, ALEC. "PATHS NOT TAKEN IN THE BRITISH REFORMATIONS." Historical Journal 52, no. 1 (February 27, 2009): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x08007280.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTTraditional historiographies of the Reformation, seeing it as a unified, directed transition from Catholicism to Protestantism, seem increasingly untenable. This article looks in detail at three individuals from the British Reformation whose careers did not fit this pattern: a Scotsman, John Eldar, and two Englishmen, John Proctor and John Redman. Enthusiasts for Henry VIII's Reformation, they found themselves alarmed, but disempowered and compromised, in the face of Edward VI's more radical religious changes. Redman died in 1551, but Proctor and Eldar both celebrated Mary I's Catholic restoration, while not entirely forgetting their Henrician sympathies. The article argues that these men represent a distinctive religious strand in Reformation Britain. Such ‘latter-day Henricians’ valued Henry VIII's distinctive Reformation: anti-papal, anti-heretical, sacramental, Erasmian, and Biblicist. The vicissitudes of religious politics in both England and Scotland in the 1540s and 1550s left no space for such beliefs, although the article suggests that traces of Henricianism can be seen in Elizabeth I herself. It also argues that the impotence of the latter-day Henricians under Edward VI is a symptom of the paralysing weakness of all English religious conservatives in the reign, a predicament from which they were rescued only by Mary's restoration.
2
Pestel, Friedemann. "The Impossible Ancien Régime colonial: Postcolonial Haiti and the Perils of the French Restoration." Journal of Modern European History 15, no. 2 (May 2017): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2017-2-261.
Full textAbstract:
The Impossible Ancien Régime colonial: Postcolonial Haiti and the Perils of the French Restoration This article discusses the consequences of Napoleon's downfall for the world's first modern post-slavery state, Haiti. It focuses on the interplay between the French colonial office's diplomatic missions that were lobbied by dispossessed planters to recover the lost colony and the Haitian propaganda to guarantee national independence. These relations ultimately contributed to a shift in French colonial politics towards Haiti, from military conquest and re-enslavement to financial indemnification. Taking the rhetoric of pacification beyond Europe, French diplomacy presented racial hierarchies as an extension of the 1814 compromise between old and new elites in metropolitan France. The Haitian side, however, insisted on the sharp contradiction between the supposed reconciliation in France and a quasi-restoration of the Ancien Régime colonial. Drawing on Haitian, French and British source material, this article analyses how Haitian propaganda attacked the precarious political legitimacy of Restoration France from an extra-European viewpoint to exert pressure on European colonial politics. Relying on Haiti as a model for slave emancipation, British abolitionists significantly contributed to excluding the option of the Ancien Régime colonial. The debate on Haiti's future forced Louis XVIII's government to ponder the political risks of colonial restoration. In the outcome, financial indemnification became France's primary condition for recognising Haitian independence in 1825.
3
Turner, Ian. "Great Britain and the Post-War German Currency Reform." Historical Journal 30, no. 3 (September 1987): 685–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x0002094x.
Full textAbstract:
British policy towards Germany during the period of occupation aimed at preventing a resurgence of German military might in the future, whilst ensuring stable economic conditions in the short term. By mid 1946, however, the scale of the economic problems confronting the occupying powers in Germany had already manifested itself in the reduction of food rations and the consequent falling off in the output of Ruhr coal. The fragile economy was to suffer an even greater setback during the cruel winter of 1946/7. The immediate restoration of economic activity became imperative, not least because the dollar cost of sustaining the British Zone with imported grain weighed heavily on the British exchequer.
4
Thompson, Victoria E. "An Alarming Lack of Feeling: Urban Travel, Emotions, and British National Character in Post-Revolutionary Paris." Articles 42, no. 2 (June 23, 2014): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025696ar.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes British narratives of voyages made to Paris during three periods: the Peace of Amiens (March 1802 to May 1803), the first Restoration (April 1814 to May 1815), and in the first few years of the second Restoration (June 1815 to ca. 1820). These accounts reveal a consistent use of strong and distressing expressions of emotion when describing locations in the city associated with the events of the French Revolution. An analysis of these “emotional landmarks” allows us to understand the role of trauma in unsettling distinctions between the British and French in the aftermath of the Revolution. It also demonstrates that travel writers participated in an emotional community consistent with the nation, one that used these emotional landmarks to establish a new distinction between the two national characters based on emotion.
5
Debus, Allen. "Historical Dinosaurs: Episodes in Discovery and Restoration." Earth Sciences History 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1993): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.12.1.l84236531673j372.
Full textAbstract:
Inspired by the approaching sesquicentennial year of the Dinosauria, a classification term created by Sir Richard Owen in 1841 originally corresponding to three extinct genera of enormous, terrestrial British Mesozoic reptiles, the author created miniature models of several dinosaur genera. Sculptures commemorating historically significant restorative stages in paleontological understanding for five genera (Iguanodon, Megalosaurus, Had-rosaurus, Stegosaurus, and Chasmosaurus) were constructed to emphasize the theme of ‘evolving’ ideas concerning dinosaur representations. The stories behind the scientific derivation and ‘evolution’ of these forms illustrate several interesting episodes in the history of dinosaur paleontology.
6
Northcote, T. G., and B. Luksun. "Restoration and Environmental Sustainability of a Small British Columbia Urban Lake." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 341–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.024.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Deer Lake and its watershed, entirely within the municipality of Burnaby, is located at the geographic centre of the Greater Vancouver metropolitan area (population 1.5 million). The lake has had a long history of gradually escalating water quality problems that have included high coliform bacterial levels, bans on swimming, “swimmer’s itch” outbreaks, heavy surface algal blooms, dense weed growths in the shallows, low water transparency, and dominance by “coarse” fish species. Nevertheless, the lake has served the community as a regional park providing various outdoor recreational opportunities that have included walking, boating, swimming and fishing. The history of its water quality problems is reviewed, the results of the various investigations and research on the system are summarized, and the attempts to improve and manage lake conditions by the District of Burnaby are outlined. The role that the community, senior levels of government and educational institutions have played in this process is also discussed.
7
Shabir, Sana. "The Real History of the Koh-I-Noor Diamond and British Government's Refusal." International Journal of Emerging Issues in Social Science, Arts, and Humanities 02, no. 02 (2024): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.60072/ijeissah.2024.v2i02.001.
Full textAbstract:
In-depth research is done on the Koh-i- Noor Diamond in this article, including its origins, journey through numerous empires, and contentious purchase by the British. The diamond is still in the British monarchy's hands despite appeals for its restoration to its nation of origin, sparking contentious arguments and discussions. This essay explores the historical, legal, and geopolitical elements that have influenced this ongoing conflict to shed light on the complex causes that go into the British government's refusal to give up the Koh-i- Noor Diamond. This study offers a thorough knowledge of the complex issues relating to the ownership and repatriation of the Koh-i- Noor Diamond through a review of historical events, cultural importance, international legislation, and modern perspectives. The results of this study highlight the significance of historical background, global legal frameworks, and diplomatic considerations in determining the British government's current position and the difficulties associated with resolving historical complaints. The results of this study highlight the importance of gems in history.
8
Maley, Willy, and Richard Stacey. "Winston Churchill’s Divi Britannici (1675) and Archipelagic Royalism." Humanities 11, no. 5 (September 1, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h11050109.
Full textAbstract:
Divi Britannici (1675) is a major restoration history that deserves to be more widely known. The work’s author, Sir Winston Churchill (1620–1688), is certainly less well-known than his celebrated descendant of the same name. Seldom mentioned in discussions of seventeenth-century historiography, Divi Britannici can be read alongside contemporary histories, including John Milton’s History of Britain (1670). If British historians have generally overlooked Divi Britannici then Churchill’s work did come to the notice of Michel Foucault, who recognized its arguments around conquest, rights and sovereignty as crucial to the development of political thought in the period. In this essay we excavate Churchill’s arguments, sift through the scattered critical legacy, and locate Divi Britannici both within the context of Restoration histories, with their warring interpretations of England and Britain’s past, and within a tradition of British historiography that associates monarchical rule with national stability. What scholars have missed, however, is the propensity of Churchill to align the restored Stuart monarchy with a form of ethnic co-operation between Scotland, Ireland and England, designed to counter the perceived divisions which were exacerbated by the policies of Cromwell and the parliamentarians.
9
Anwar, Zahid, and S. Zubair Shah. "A History of Prison Reforms in Pakistan." Global Regional Review I, no. I (December 30, 2016): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/grr.2016(i-i).03.
Full textAbstract:
Pakistan has been following the prison system of the British Empire. The Pakistani prison system has gone through many changes. Efforts have been made to bring the prison system in Pakistan in conformity with the modern prison system. The restoration of democracy in Pakistan has paved the way for further reforms in the prison system. Many suggestions have been forwarded to the authorities and have been requested for the modification of the inside condition of Pakistani jails. The data for this paper have been collected from Human Rights Organization/ Council of Pakistan, Islamic Ideological Council and jail training institute Lahore. The research under focus is an attempt to explore prison reforms in Pakistan in historical perspective and put forward suggestions to in tune the prison system in Pakistan with International standard.
10
Rubin, Gerry R. "Law as a Bargaining Weapon: British Labour and the Restoration of Pre-War Practices Act 1919." Historical Journal 32, no. 04 (December 1989): 925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00015764.
Full text
11
Morris, Marilyn. "Hughes, The Causes of the English Civil War, Seaward, The Restoration, 1660-1688, Black Robert Walpole and the Nature of Politics in Early Eighteenth-Century England." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 17, no. 2 (September 1, 1992): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.2.82-84.
Full textAbstract:
The proliferation of research and writings on British history over the past twenty-five years or so has increased the demand for works that help historians as well as students keep up with the latest scholarship and debates. The British History in Perspective series, edited by Jeremy Black of Durham University, offers concise books on general subjects that combine surveys of the latest literature with the perspectives gained from the author's research in the field. In spite of their similarities in theme and structure, each of the three titles under review presents a different approach to its subject and consequently would appeal to different audiences.
12
Fox, Karen. "An ‘imperial hangover’? Royal Honours in Australia, Canada and New Zealand, 1917–2009." Britain and the World 7, no. 1 (March 2014): 6–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2014.0118.
Full textAbstract:
New Zealand ceased to award the titles of ‘Sir’ and ‘Dame’ in 2000, joining Australia and Canada in what looked like the end of a process of change that all three countries had been implementing in their honours systems over the twentieth century, albeit at varying speeds. In each case, imperial British honours had been gradually discarded in favour of homegrown national ones, and the practice of conferring knighthoods and damehoods had ceased. In 2009, however, New Zealand's newly elected National government announced that titles were to be reinstated. While not a restoration of imperial honours in place of the country's relatively young national ones, the move put New Zealand out of step with Australia and Canada in terms of honours. This article traces the shifting relationships that Australia, New Zealand and Canada had with imperial honours over the twentieth century, and the steps by which each moved away from British honours towards their own national systems. In all three settings, changes were accompanied by debates over nationalism, independence and the endurance of historic ties to Britain. Through the case study of honours, this article offers a contribution to scholarly consideration of the process of de-dominionisation and the end of empire in the British World, and of the new nationalism that arose alongside and as part of that process.
13
Harris, Tim. "Publics and Participation in the Three Kingdoms: Was There Such a Thing as “British Public Opinion” in the Seventeenth Century?" Journal of British Studies 56, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 731–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2017.121.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article explores where the people fit in to British history and whether there was such a thing as British public opinion in the seventeenth century. It argues that given the nature of the Stuart multiple monarchy, and the way the power structures of that monarchy impinged upon Ireland, Scotland, and England, the Stuarts' political authority was at times publicly negotiated on a Britannic level. People across Britain were engaged with British affairs: there was public opinion about British politics, in other words, albeit not British public opinion, since the people were bitterly divided at this time. However, because the crisis that brought down Charles I had been a three-kingdoms crisis, which in turn had helped spark the growth of a more sophisticated British news culture, the Restoration monarchy became increasingly sensitive to the need to try to keep public opinion across the Britannic archipelago on its side. In response to the challenge of the Whigs during the Exclusion Crisis, Charles II and his Tory allies sought to rally public support across England, Scotland, and Ireland and thus to represent “British public opinion” as being in favor of the hereditary succession. It was a representation, however, that remained contested.
14
Casalena, Maria Pia. "Gibbon all’italiana." Cromohs - Cyber Review of Modern Historiography 24 (June 8, 2022): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/cromohs-12753.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with the various forms of manipulation that the Italian edition of Gibbon's masterpiece demanded in the frame of Restoration Italy. The first edition of the Italian translation from Tuscany is considered too, in order to display how Italian translators and publishers succeed in the huge censorship examination. At the same moment, the article deals with the Catholic former response to Gibbon, in a comparison with the British reactions edited by Womersley. Finally, the Italian edition of Gibbon is focused in an enlarged outcast of the translation of history during the first decays of 19th century Italy.
15
Gordienko, D. O. "ALL THE KING’S MAN»: MILITIA IN THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND DURING THE STUART AGE." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 3 (2021): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-3-90-97.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the results of a study devoted to the history of the British armed forces in the “long” 17th century. The militia was the backbone of England's national military system. The author examines the aspects of the development of the institutions of the modern state during the reign of the Stuart dynasty, traces the process of the development of the militia and the formation of the regular army. He reveals the role of the militia in the political events of the Century of Revolutions: the reign of Charles I, the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, the Restoration age, the Glorious Revolution, and also gives a retrospective review of the eventsof the 18th century.
16
Claydon, Tony. "Gilbert Burnet: An Ecclesiastical Historian and the Invention of the English Restoration Era." Studies in Church History 49 (2013): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400002126.
Full textAbstract:
On the eve of the 1689 Revolution in England, Gilbert Burnet was best known as an ecclesiastical historian. Although he had had a noteworthy career as a Whigleaning cleric, who had gone into exile at the start of James II’s reign and had entered the household of William of Orange in the Hague, Burnet’s reputation had been based on his magisterial History of the Reformation. This had appeared in its first two volumes in 1678 and 1683, and had rapidly become the standard work on the religious changes of the Tudor age. Soon after the Revolution, Burnet also became notable as the chief propagandist of the new regime. He produced a steady stream of works justifying William’s usurpation of James’s throne, and played a major part in organizing such pro-Orange events as the fast days marking William’s war with Louis XIV. This essay explores a key intersection of these two roles. It suggests that Burnet’s explicitly pro-Williamite understanding of church history gave rise to a new division of the past, and effectively invented the Restoration era as a distinct period of British history, running from 1660 to 1689.
17
Speck, W. "Restoration: Charles II and his Kingdoms, 1660-1685 * Revolution: The Great Crisis of the British Monarchy, 1685-1720." English Historical Review CXXI, no. 494 (December 1, 2006): 1463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cel301.
Full text
18
Vashishtha, V. K. "The Tribals and the National Uprising of 1857 in Rajputana States." Indian Historical Review 49, no. 1_suppl (June 2022): S56—S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836221108347.
Full textAbstract:
The scholars have paid scant attention to the role of the Bhil and the Mina tribes of southern Rajputana States of Mewar, Banswara and Partapgarh in the 1857 national war of independence. These tribals were dissatisfied with the settlement of British paramountcy in the Rajputana States in 1818 as it was responsible for depriving them of their right to collect rakhwali (protection tax) from the neighbouring States, restraining their movements by stationing the Mewar Bhil Corps and the Kota Contingent in tribal regions, creating a fissure in their society by recruiting a section of tribals as soldiers in these Political Corps and, above all, penalising them as criminals for witch swinging and witch murdering in contravention of their community resolution. Disgruntled with the series of these innovations the Bhil chiefs, such as those of Pahara Bhomat in Mewar Hill Tracts, Onkar Rawat of Mowree Khera and Dalla Rawat of Sodulpur in Banswara State, and the Minas of Uncha village (in Jahazpur district of Mewar State) on the border of Deoli cantonment, revolted to end the British rule under the spell of the 1857 rebellion of the native sepoys of the British regiments at Neemuch, Nasirabad and Mhow cantonments. These tribal uprisings spread, far and wide, in Banswara, Partapgarh and Mewar Hill Tracts in southern Rajputana on the spur of Rawat Kesri Singh of Salumbar, a powerful Sisodia Rajput jagirdar of Mewar State, the Vilayati mercenaries (Makranis and Arabs) and Maratha General Tantia Tope who campaigned with his rabble force throughout Rajputana States between June 1858 and April 1859 for seeking support of people to overthrow the British government and also for punishing those Rajput rulers who had sided with it and surrendered to it the rebel leaders. Of course, the British government suppressed the tribal rebellions with the support of the Rajput rulers of Mewar, Partapgarh and Dungarpur States, but the prolongation of the 1857 tribal rebellions in southern Rajputana even after the restoration of British power in the imperial city of Delhi (September 1857) and in Lucknow (March 1858) confirmed the contention of the eminent historian V. D. Savarkar that the 1857 rebellion was the Indian War of Independence. Thus, the tribals have left a legacy of their valour and patriotic fervour during the 1857 national war of independence in Princely Rajputana.
19
Wang, Yi, and Xia Wu. "Analysis of the Characteristics of British Medieval Monastery Education Based on Network Data Mining." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3909276.
Full textAbstract:
To a large extent, the history of education in the Middle Ages in Western Europe is a history of church education. The church dominated and participated in the whole process of education, which is very rare and peculiar in the history of world education. The Middle Ages is synonymous with darkness and ignorance in everyone’s original cognition. Through the unremitting efforts of historians, people’s evaluation of the Middle Ages has gradually changed. The original purpose of monastic education was to train missionaries so that missionaries could take the faith of Christ to places where they were still in ignorance and save mankind on the basis of glorifying God. Due to the need of mission, in the process of education, missionaries also continuously integrated the ideological culture belonging to paganism and barbarians. In this paper, the monastery development index obtained based on data mining technology and the British medieval development index have a fit of more than 90%, indicating that monasteries have a certain role in promoting the economic development of the British Middle Ages. The development of the economic function of the English medieval seminary had a profound impact on the restoration of economic production and the establishment of an orderly life.
20
Appleby, David J. "Fleshing out a massacre: the storming of Shelford House and social forgetting in Restoration England*." Historical Research 93, no. 260 (April 30, 2020): 286–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htaa011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article investigates the circumstances behind the slaughter of a royalist garrison in Nottinghamshire in November 1645, using the case study as a window into wider issues regarding the relationship between the memorialization of the British civil wars and the fragility of Charles II’s regime in the years following the Restoration. Contemporary sources illustrate how the factors which led to the massacre gave both parliamentarian and royalist leaders impelling motives to wipe the incident from their respective narratives of the conflict.
21
STAFFORD, JAMES. "THE ALTERNATIVE TO PERPETUAL PEACE: BRITAIN, IRELAND AND THE CASE FOR UNION IN FRIEDRICH GENTZ'SHISTORISCHES JOURNAL, 1799–1800." Modern Intellectual History 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2015): 63–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244315000475.
Full textAbstract:
The British–Irish Union of 1801 remains a significant and controversial moment in the histories of both countries, but understandings of its genesis are restricted inscope. This article seeks to place the Union in a new historical context: the crisis of the European states system that accompanied the French Revolution. It considers the position held by the Union in the critique of Kant's famous essay on “Perpetual Peace” (1795) advanced by one of his most influential students, the publicist and state official Friedrich Gentz (1764–1832). Gentz argued that the consolidation of the British state offered a model for the regeneration of European society. Only unitary forms of sovereign authority could exercise the responsible political agency required for the restoration of peace in the wake of the Revolution. The decline of small states and composite polities supported the durable civil liberty and commercial development necessary to mankind's moral development in history.
22
Baird, Kingsley W. "Naming Rights." Militaergeschichtliche Zeitschrift 78, no. 1 (May 8, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgzs-2019-0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper explores the rich and dynamic history of a physically modest hill called Pukeahu Mount Cook, located on the southern outer edges of the central business district in New Zealand’s capital city, Wellington. The hill was named »Pukeahu« by Māori who originally settled in the area and renamed »Mount Cook« by British colonists soon after their arrival in the nineteenth century. The story of Pukeahu Mount Cook is one of Māori habitation, tribal tensions and migrations, of conflict between Māori and Pākehā and the assertion of British colonial rule, and of the official narrative of New Zealand’s national identity forged through overseas wars and reinforced by associated remembrance practices. The hill’s two names, the ascendency of one over the other, and finally their »peaceful coexistence« are a reflection of changing cultural dynamics, a recognition of the nation’s founding bicultural principles and a process of restoration.
23
Sokolov, Alexander. "Anglo-Soviet Trade Relations on the Eve of the Severance of Diplomatic Relations in 1927." ISTORIYA 13, no. 7 (117) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022008-7.
Full textAbstract:
During the 1920s, the USSR tried to establish both trade and diplomatic relations with England. In the conditions of the growing economic crisis of 1925, representatives of British business circles were interested in creating favorable conditions for the development of mutually beneficial trade and economic ties with Soviet Russia. The foreign trade turnover between the two countries was actively developing. At the same time, the trade balance was in favor of the UK. Meanwhile, the Conservative cabinet was clearly moving towards a break with the USSR. Soviet financial assistance to striking miners in 1926, as well as material support for the national revolutionary movement in China, contributed to the deterioration of Soviet-British relations. Representatives of some of the British commercial and industrial circles were extremely interested in trade with Russia. They rightly believed that England would suffer more damage from the rupture than the Soviets. One of the steps towards easing tensions and creating favorable conditions for the development of trade and economic relations was the conclusion in May 1927 of an agreement between the delegation of the USSR and the board of Midland Bank on crediting Soviet orders of British goods. However, the subsequent police raid on the premises of the joint stock company “Arkos Limited” led to the termination of diplomatic relations with the USSR. As a result of the breakdown of relations, English firms suffered heavy losses. Orders were lost for the amount of the loan, on the provision of which an agreement was reached with Midland Bank. The termination of relations with the USSR had negative consequences for the British economy. The volume of Soviet-British trade has significantly decreased. The gradual improvement of Soviet-British relations led to the restoration of lost trade and economic relations. However, the issue of granting large loans, including from Midland Bank, remained unresolved.
24
Townend, Graham. "Republicans, Unionists and Jacobites: The 1st Marquess of Tweeddale and the Restoration of the British Parliament." Parliamentary History 39, no. 1 (February 2020): 34–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12477.
Full text
25
Nwaubani, Ebere. "Kenneth Onwuka Dike, Trade and Politics, and the Restoration of the African in History." History in Africa 27 (January 2000): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172115.
Full textAbstract:
The removal from history follows logically from the loss of power which colonialism represented. The power to act independently is the guarantee to participate actively and consciously in history. To be colonized is to be removed from history except in the most passive sense.Kenneth Onwuka Dike (1917-1983) is a definite turning point in African historical scholarship. West Africa (28 September 1957) appropriately called him “The Pioneer Historian.” Robert July credits Dike with being “responsible for many of the advances in historical scholarship that marked the two decades following the conclusion of the Second World War.”Dike was born in Awka, Nigeria, on 17 December 1917. In 1933 he entered Dennis Memorial Grammar School (DMGS), Onitsha, Nigeria. After three years at DMGS, Dike spent another two years at Achimota College in the Gold Coast. From Achimota he moved on to Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone. At the time, Fourah Bay was affiliated to, and awarding the degrees of, Durham University. This meant that through Fourah Bay, Dike took the B.A. (in English, Geography, and Latin) of Durham University. In 1943, he went home to Nigeria, but not to stay for long. In November 1944 he left, on a British Council scholarship, for the M.A. degree in History at University of Aberdeen. In June 1947 he graduated, taking a first-class honors (the best of his year) at Aberdeen. Four months later, Dike registered for his Ph.D. at King's College, University of London. Under the supervision of Vincent Harlow and Gerald S. Graham, he did a dissertation entitled “Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830-1879.” He earned his Ph.D. degree on 28 July 1950. With it he became the first African to “pass through professional training” in Western historical scholarship.
26
Lambert, Miles. "'Sent from Town': Commissioning Clothing in Britain During the Long Eighteenth Century." Costume 43, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174963009x419737.
Full textAbstract:
The long period from the Restoration to the accession of Queen Victoria saw a rise in 'popular consumerism' affecting many aspects of British society and commerce, nowhere more so than in the market for textiles and clothing. Consumers were offered an increasing range of finished goods, rather than merely materials, but many of these were available only in larger towns. To access goods, customers often relied on the long-established process of commissioning at a distance through the offices of family members, friends or business contacts, acting as agents. This formed a significant channel for elite and popular consumption.
27
COWAN, BRIAN. "THE RISE OF THE COFFEEHOUSE RECONSIDERED." Historical Journal 47, no. 1 (March 2004): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003492.
Full textAbstract:
This article offers a history of British seventeenth-century coffeehouse licensing which integrates an understanding of the micro-politics of coffeehouse regulation at the local level with an analysis of the high political debates about coffeehouses at the national level. The first section details the norms and practices of coffeehouse licensing and regulation by local magistrates at the county, city, and parish levels of government. The second section provides a detailed narrative of attempts by agents of the Restoration monarchy to regulate or indeed suppress the coffeehouses at the national level. The political survival of the new institution is attributed to the ways in which public house licensing both regulated and also legitimated the coffeehouse. The rise of the coffeehouse should not be understood as a simple triumph of a modern public sphere over absolutist state authority; it offers instead an example of the ways in which the early modern norms and practices of licensed privilege could frustrate the policy goals of the Restored monarchy.
28
Cho, Guho. "The Savagery of Colonial Capitalism and the Problem on the Indigenous Peoples Embodied in Vargas Llosa's The Dream of the Celt." Hankuk University of Foreign Studies Literature Studies 88 (November 30, 2022): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22344/fls.2022.88.91.
Full textAbstract:
For Vargas Llosa, “Literature Is Fire” that burns corrupted and obsolete things. A truewriter has to protest, point out contradictions, and criticize in order to change thereality. Vargas Llosa’s novel, The Dream of the Celt tells the story of Roger Casement,a prominent British diplomat and an Irish independence activist. The novel “literarily”explores the plunder of colonial capitalism, including the torture, exploitation, andgenocide of indigenous peoples in the Congo and the Peruvian Amazon. The chaptersthat deal with the ‘Amazon problems’ reveal the savagery and greed of capitalism andhuman rights violations against indigenous peoples. The novel teaches us that whathuman beings really require is the restoration of humanity rooted in freedom andjustice. This paper seeks to ‘expose’ the atrocities of barbaric capitalism perpetratedby rubber businessmen, examining the restoration of the rights of indigenous peoples.Results of this study will provide not only an opportunity to explore the historical andsocio-cultural values of Vargas Llosa's literature, but also the opportunity tounderstand the wounded history and the sick reality of Latin America.
29
Varon, Anat. "Welcome to Vienna: The Story of Austria as Reflected in the British and American Versions of the Soldier’s Guides to Austria." Journal of Austrian-American History 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 180–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jaustamerhist.5.2.0180.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article discusses and analyzes British and American perceptions, postwar planning aims, and stereotypes about Austria and its future restoration–post World War II. The article uses the concept of “militourist gaze” in order to compare differences and similarities between the British and the American attitudes reflected in their military handbooks for Austria. Through comparative research and close reading of Austria—A Soldier’s Guide, with other Second World War II soldier’s guides that were published by the British and the Americans respectively, we can conclude that it was the British and not the Americans who published the booklet Austria—A Soldier’s Guide. Furthermore, a typeset titled “A Short Guide to Austria,” found in the British National Archives, reveals the American version of the soldier’s guide to Austria, although this version was never published and both armies distributed the British guide to their troops. Using the militourist gaze in our interpretation of the soldier’s guide(s) to Austria we can better understand how British and American military media used prewar stereotypes on Austrians and Austria in order to rebuild Austrian nationhood vis-a-vis Germany. In this sense the British Austria—A Soldier’s Guide holds a special place since it is intended not only for army indoctrination of troops and their mission in Austria, but also as a means of national propaganda for the Austrians themselves, both by using the Moscow Declaration as subtext in the guide and by voicing prewar Austrian self-understanding from the interwar period.
30
Katzir, Lindsay. "Seeking Zion." Religion and the Arts 26, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2022): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685292-02601003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article looks at Grace Aguilar (1816–1847), a well-known Anglo-Jewish author, as a religious Zionist, and it analyzes Aguilar’s work in order to challenge three scholarly assumptions about the history of Zionism: first, that British Jews have never genuinely supported Zionism; second, that Zionism did not exist before Theodor Herzl, the founder of political Zionism; and third, that Jewish women rarely voiced Zionist ideas before the establishment of the State of Israel. Aguilar, an Anglo-Jewish woman writer who published during the mid-Victorian period, espoused orthodox views about the Jews’ restoration to Palestine. Aguilar’s belief in the biblical precept of Jewish nationhood was a precursor to the thought of later Zionists such as Herzl, as well as the convictions of religious Zionists such as Rav Kook. Her religious nationalism provides an important counterpoint to scholarly claims that Victorian Jews identified only as British, as no different than their Christian neighbors. Instead, Aguilar characterizes the Jews as a nation apart, a people bound together by an ancient religion with roots and a future in Palestine.
31
Freeman-Grenville, G. S. P. "The Basilica of the Holy Sepulchre Jerusalem: History and Future." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland 119, no. 2 (April 1987): 187–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00140614.
Full textAbstract:
In 1972 Fr Charles Coüasnon, O.P., gave the Schweich Lectures to the British Academy on this subject. As consultant architect to the restoration work he seemed well qualified to do so. But work continued until 1980, and it was not until 1982 that Fr Virgilio Corbo, O.F.M., published a definitive account of the work, Il Santo Sepolcro di Gerusalemme, in three handsome volumes. I did not succeed in obtaining a copy until 1984. Thus it was not surprising that Canon Ronald Brownrigg's Come, See the Place: the ideal companion for all travellers to the Holy Land, 1985, still treats Fr Couasnon as having had the last word, and prints plans some of which are erroneous. Only since then has an article in Le Monde de la Bible, Mars-Avril, Paris, 1984, no.33, in a number devoted entirely to the Holy Sepulchre, by Fr Florentino Dfez Fernandez, O.S.A.,3 reached me, describing in a summary form his excavations for the Greek Orthodox Community on the site of Golgotha, and for the Armenian Community behind the Crusader Chapel of St Helena. A definitive account of his work is eagerly awaited, for his work adds to our knowledge and corrects some previous misconceptions of the chronology of the site.
32
Graham, Mark R., Jonathan D. Radley, and Dean R. Lomax. "An overlooked contributor to palaeontology—the preparator Richard Hall (b. 1839) and his work on an armoured dinosaur and a giant sea dragon." Geological Curator 11, no. 4 (December 2020): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc1497.
Full textAbstract:
The work of Richard Hall, a fossil preparator at the British Museum (Natural History) in the late 19th century, has been largely unrecorded. It included the excavation, preparation and restoration of two important specimens: the dinosaur Polacanthus foxii and the ichthyosaur Temnodontosaurus platyodon. The painstaking reconstruction of the dorsal shield of Polacanthus took seven years to complete and enabled a supplemental note redescribing the specimen to be published in 1887. The significance of the discovery in 1898 of the Temnodontosaurus to the town of Stockton in Warwickshire was such that it featured in an article in Nature. It has entered the local folklore and remains celebrated on the town's road signage and features as the logo of Stockton Primary School.
33
Sharman, Nick. "The impact on Spain of Anglo-French informal imperialism in the colonization of Morocco, 1898–1914." International Journal of Iberian Studies 37, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 45–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijis_00121_1.
Full textAbstract:
In the decade before the First World War, Spain failed in its attempt to establish an independent role in the fierce competition between the French, British and German Empires for influence in the Western Mediterranean. The exercise of informal power by France and Britain forced Spain’s Restoration elites to conform to British and French imperial interests in France’s colonization of Morocco. The article suggests Spain’s governing parties were unable to manage the essential mediating role for collaborating elites in informal empires, as defined by Ronald Robinson, between the demands of the imperial powers and the political pressures arising from changing social forces within the country. Spain’s dilemma was an early example of the conflict that faced many newly independent colonies later in the twentieth century: how to reconcile the growing aspirations for national self-determination in a world dominated by competing imperial powers, themselves increasingly facing internal contradictions and crises.
34
Evans, Daniel John. "Welsh devolution as passive revolution." Capital & Class 42, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 489–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309816817742343.
Full textAbstract:
Welsh devolution has not been adequately theorised. Following the narrow vote for Welsh devolution in 1997, many academics in Wales adopted a nakedly ‘celebratory’, uncritical view of devolution as a radical change to the British state, taking at face value the claim that it was designed to rejuvenate Welsh democracy. The power relations inherent to the transformation of the British state are rarely discussed in Wales. As a consequence, the developments which have occurred in Wales since devolution – political disengagement, the rise of the far right, the vote for Brexit – seem hard to grasp: it is simply presumed that something has ‘gone wrong’ with the application of devolution. This dominant way of thinking assumes that devolution was designed to ‘work’. Using Gramsci’s concept of passive revolution, this article argues that devolution to Wales (and Scotland) was a central plank of New Labour’s transformation of both the Labour Party and the British state. Building on a reading of the post-war British state as a historic bloc, I draw attention to the power relations inherent in Welsh devolution and the ‘top down’ nature of the process, which was led by the Labour party in order to preserve its hegemony in Wales and the United Kingdom as a whole. After outlining the political struggles and strategies of transformismo which occurred within the process of passive revolution, where hegemony is temporarily ‘thinned’, I contend that contemporary Wales represents a period of interregnum, where the old world (the traditional centralised British state) has died, but a new Welsh state cannot be born. As Gramsci predicted, this has led to the emergence of a host of ‘morbid symptoms’ in Wales. I conclude by reflecting on the nature of the interregnum and whether ‘restoration’ or ‘revolution’ is likely to triumph in Wales.
35
Gazal, André A. ":Godly Kingship in Restoration England: The Politics of the Royal Supremacy, 1660– 1688. Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History." Sixteenth Century Journal 43, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 1168–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/scj24245006.
Full text
36
Freeman, Arthur, and Janet Ing Freeman. "The Charlemont Library, the Sotheby Warehouse Fire of 1865, and the Vexed Provenance of British Library MS Egerton 1994." Library 23, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/library/22.3.47.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article discusses the book collection of James Caulfeild (1728–1799), first earl of Charlemont in the Irish peerage, with particular reference to his holdings of early English drama and poetry. After the death of Charlemont’s son the library was consigned to Sotheby’s for anonymous sale in July 1865, but was in large part destroyed in the Sotheby warehouse fire of 19 June. The second part of the article explores the provenance of one surviving item, a volume of fifteen manuscript plays composed over four or five decades before 1644, now British Library, MS Egerton 1994. It is among the most interesting survivals known from the slender corpus of pre-Restoration English stage documents. Charlemont’s principal London agent for early English books, the Shakespeare editor Edmond Malone (1741–1812), has long been viewed as the source of the volume. The history of this speculation is traced and disproved.
37
Iswahyudi. "Raffles's observations of the arts of visual culture in Java during his reign in 1811-1816." International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Invention 8, no. 10 (October 26, 2021): 6671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsshi/v8i10.08.
Full textAbstract:
Raffles introduced government directly in Java and tried to do various things that he considered useful for his government. It abolished the slave trade, forced labor and permanent surrender of cash crops, and gave farmers the freedom to choose their own crops to grow. Later he also introduced the land tenure system, which abolished the unpopular forced farming system established by the Dutch, in which crops were grown and handed over to the government. In addition, he ordered the restoration of the Borobudur temple and other temples, and allowed research related to these cultural buildings. During his reign, Raffles increased his knowledge of Javanese customs, history, beliefs, geography, and natural history and compiled information for a book which he would later publish. This has a very big influence when it is associated with the end of the British rule in Java, it has a direct and indirect impact on the development of information and appreciation of the reception of art and culture observers of the indigenous Javanese population from Europe. Keywords: Raffles, Java, art, culture, landrente, picture plate
38
Титова, А. В. "Rochester and Shadwell: Literary Reminiscences." Иностранные языки в высшей школе, no. 1(52) (June 28, 2020): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2020.52.1.005.
Full textAbstract:
Эпоха Реставрации, зарекомендовавшая себя ярким событием в истории культуры Великобритании, определила расцвет поэзии и драматургии, театрального искусства в целом, а также развитие патронажа в литературной и искусствоведческой области. Специфика эпохи обусловила рост литературной полемики, которая сама по себе становилась отдельным жанром эпохи и суть которой на примере конкретных ситуаций составляет объект настоящего исследования. К ярким примерам литературного противостояния второй половины XVII века следует отнести непросто складывающийся творческий и личностный диалог блестящего поэта-либертина Джона Уилмота, второго графа Рочестера, и талантливого драматурга Джона Драйдена. Взаимная критика не только содержания, но и стиля произведений оппонента, скрытые и явные панегирики в адрес других писателей эпохи Реставрации (например, драматургов Томаса Шедуэлла и Уильяма Уичерли), приемы сатиры и иронии, многочисленные аллюзии на современный литературный или политический материал позволили привлечь для анализа целый ряд произведений и представить историю взаимоотношений представителей эпохи Реставрации, оставивших яркий след в британской литературе. Restoration epoch is one of the most dramatic and outstanding periods in the history of the British culture. It was the golden time of opening theatres, flourishing of poetry and drama, developing literary patronage. Young writers created their works wholeheartedly and the nobility regarded their endeavors with favour. Naturally enough, literary battlefields saw the passions running high between patrons and their protégées, and these conflicts were no laughing matter. One of the most vivid examples of the literary debates is the struggle between the sensational libertine poet, John Wilmot, the second earl Rochester, and the talented playwright, John Dryden. Between the devil and the deep blue sea there appeared one more gifted dramatist, Thomas Shadwell. Originally Rochester referred to the latter in one of his satires where he condemned Dryden. He did that on purpose in order to make his former protégé angry. But once paying attention to Shadwell he was keeping an eye on him. The dramatist’s works became the subject of discussion in the satires by the libertine poet. Most of the reviews were glowing but Rochester never forgave anyone’s failures, and worse than that he hated betrayals (of the style, themes, friends and patrons). That is why it is really interesting to trace the relations of the two prominent representatives of the Restoration epoch who left their mark in the history of the British literature.
39
Lindblad, J. Thomas. "British Business and the Uncertainties of Early Independence in Indonesia." Itinerario 37, no. 2 (August 2013): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115313000508.
Full textAbstract:
British private investors were not inclined to view the leaders of newly independent Indonesia with much confidence. In 1949, when the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the Republic of Indonesia was imminent, the chairman of the United Serdang (Sumatra) Rubber Plantations disclosed the following opinion to the firm's shareholders at a gathering in London's Great Tower Street: “The Republican leaders are mainly ambitious men, whose records are well known, striving for personal aggrandizement. The measure of their interest in the welfare of the country is to be gauged by their policy of wanton destruction of life and physical assets, such as estate factories and ancillary buildings, which are essential for the restoration of the economy of the country once the political problem has been settled.” This article is about how a British enterprise dealt with the significant uncertainties prevailing in the business environment of Indonesia during the early independence period, in particular the 1950s.The economic situation in newly independent Indonesia was a peculiar one. As a major exporter of primary products in high demand such as oil and rubber, prospects were generally bright for the Indonesian economy during and after the Korean War. Just as under colonialism, a modern, large-scale sector accounting for almost 25 per cent of GDP (gross domestic product) was still dominated by Dutch firms and British and American multinationals. Eight large Dutch trading companies handled 60 per cent of consumer goods imports. Nevertheless, the business climate had changed dramatically for foreign firms operating in Indonesia. The 1950s saw a gradual shift away from moderate policy-makers towards an increasingly vocal economic nationalism. The former were acutely aware of the country's dependence on foreign capital and know-how, whereas the latter relentlessly pushed for full decolonisation, that is not only in political but in economic terms. Nationalist sentiments gained the upper hand during the first cabinet of Ali Sastroamidjojo (July 1953–July 1955), culminating with the takeover of virtually all remaining Dutch-owned enterprises in Indonesia from December 1957 onwards, eventually followed by formal nationalisation in 1959. Although economic nationalism in the 1950s primarily targeted Dutch enterprises, British foreign firms were affected as well. At a later stage, in the context of the Indonesian military confrontation with Malaysia (1963–6), they were also seized, albeit not nationalised.
40
Black, Alasdair. "The Balfour Declaration: Scottish Presbyterian Eschatology and British Policy Towards Palestine." Perichoresis 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2018-0022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article considers the theological influences on the Balfour Declaration which was made on the 2 November 1917 and for the first time gave British governmental support to the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine. It explores the principal personalities and political workings behind the Declaration before going on to argue the statement cannot be entirely divested from the religious sympathies of those involved, especially Lord Balfour. Thereafter, the paper explores the rise of Christian Restorationism in the context of Scottish Presbyterianism, charting how the influence of Jonathan Edwards shaped the thought of Thomas Chalmers on the role of the Jews in salvation history which in turn influenced the premillennialism of Edward Irving and his Judeo-centric eschatology. The paper then considers the way this eschatology became the basis of John Darby’s premillennial dispensationalism and how in an American context this theology began to shape the thinking of Christian evangelicals and through the work of William Blackstone provide the basis of popular and political support for Zionism. However, it also argues the political expressions of premillennial dispensationalism only occurred in America because the Chicago evangelist Dwight L. Moody was exposed to the evolving thinking of Scottish Presbyterians regarding Jewish restoration. This thinking had emerged from a Church of Scotland ‘Mission of Inquiry’ to Palestine in 1839 and been advanced by Alexander Keith, Horatius Bonar and David Brown. Finally, the paper explores how this Scottish Presbyterian heritage influenced the rise of Zionism and Balfour and his political judgements.
41
VILLING, ALEXANDRA. "‘DANGEROUS PERFECTION’ AND AN OLD PUZZLE RESOLVED: A ‘NEW’ APULIAN KRATER INSPIRED BY EURIPIDES' ANTIOPE." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 57, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-5370.2014.00066.x.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract An Apulian calyx krater attributed to the Underworld Painter that entered the British Museum in 1867 as part of the collection of the Duc de Blacas (GR 1867,0508.1335, Vase F270) has long puzzled scholars on account of its enigmatic iconography, seemingly representing Orpheus and Cerberus in the Underworld. Yet cleaning of the vase some 50 years ago – hitherto unnoticed by scholarship – revealed Cerberus to be a regular single-headed dog. Two additional heads were added during nineteenth-century ‘restoration’ in the accomplished early nineteenth-century Neapolitan restorers' workshops headed by Raffaele Gargiulo. A new reading of the scene identifies it as the dialogue between Amphion and Zethos, a key episode in Euripides' play Antiope that is also referred to in Plato's Gorgias as emblematic of the rival concepts of the ‘active’ and the ‘contemplative’ life.
42
Lidenkova, Olga A. "Literary Space as a Means of Historical Representation in Contemporary British and Belarusian Fiction." Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts 25, no. 1 (2023): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/izv2.2023.25.1.006.
Full textAbstract:
Artistic concepts of space in contemporary fiction remain one of the most important tools for explaining, evaluating, and interpreting a particular historical period. This article focuses on the comparative study of the functions of spatial images in the works of modern Belarusian and British writers: H. Mantel, P. Ackroyd, J. Crace, A. Miller, A. Arkush, L. Rublevskaya, V. Orlov, etc. The aim of the study is to identify various aspects, functions, and characteristics of literary landscapes in historical fiction and determine which of them are universal, and which are unique for authors from different countries. Based on the principles of the comparative method and the method of hermeneutic analysis, the author identifies and interprets universal spatial imagery of a house, ruins, a church, a gate, a bridge, and other significant landscape symbols. Also, she analyses the metaphor of the palimpsest in the diachronic aspect. The significance of literary visions of space in historical fiction is determined by its primary connection with the notions of culture and identity. More particularly, it is the strong historical associations that turn the national landscape into an element of cultural heritage, a repository of collective memory. This feature manifests itself in the motifs of return to the parental home (as a way of the character’s spiritual rebirth); unsuccessful restoration and architectural monstrosity as an expression of the loss of cultural codes of the past; mapping as a revolt against chaos; a revived murderous statue as a repressed, “haunting” history and its destructive influence on modern society. The perception of the physical landscape as a material form of the past determines its axiological potential. As a result, the images of Victorian architecture are used as symbols of lost greatness (P. Ackroyd, S. Waters, A. Byatt), and the images of modern (Soviet in Belarusian texts) buildings reflect the ontological emptiness and failure of the twentieth-century ideologies. The models of literary space in the texts analysed point to the perception of the historical process as a history of regress and degradation.
43
French, D. H., and G. D. Summers. "Sakçagözü Material in the Gaziantep Museum." Anatolian Studies 38 (December 1988): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3642843.
Full textAbstract:
After the completion of the new Museum in Gaziantep, the then Director, Bay Hasan Candemir, asked the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara to undertake the task of refurbishing and rearranging the material (in the Gaziantep Museum) from the 1949 excavations. It was not until 1986 that the B.I.A.A. was able to organize a team suitable for the work of restoration and refurbishment. Since 1986 two further seasons have been completed in the Museum of Gaziantep: Spring 1987 and Spring 1988. The report here is based on the activities of Spring 1986 and Spring 1987.The original work at Sakçagözü was, of course, carried out by Professor John Garstang who in 1908 and again in 1911 excavated on the site still called locally Coba Höyük (“mound A”). His aim was to reveal the Iron Age relief sculptures which had been discovered there. During the course of excavation he encountered pottery and other remains which were clearly earlier than the period represented by the sculptures.Professor Garstang also excavated at Songrus Höyük (“mound B”) and took the opportunity to make trial excavations at Keferdiz Höyük (“mound C”).
44
Barlow, Celeste M., Marlow G. Pellatt, and Karen E. Kohfeld. "Garry oak ecosystem stand history in Southwest British Columbia, Canada: implications of environmental change and indigenous land use for ecological restoration and population recovery." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 6 (March 28, 2021): 1655–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02162-2.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the Pacific Northwest of North America, endangered Garry oak ecosystems have a complex history that integrates effects of Holocene climate change, Indigenous land management, and colonial settlement during the Anthropocene. In western Canada, Garry oak and Douglas fir recruitment corresponds with the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA; ca. 1870), after the collapse of Indigenous populations but in some cases prior to European settlement. We examined establishment patterns at three sites in southwest British Columbia, each with different edaphic characteristics based on slope, exposure, and drainage. At our Somenos Marsh site on Vancouver Island, we see a clear relationship between Indigenous occupation, subsequent European settlement, and development of an oak woodland, indicating that Indigenous land management was important for development of many Garry oak ecosystems. However, at the Tumbo Cliff site (Tumbo Island, BC), shallow soil xeric conditions, regional climate, and periodic fire were likely drivers of stand and ecosystem development. Finally, at the deep soil Tumbo Marsh site, Garry oak established and grew quickly when conditions were favorable, following the early twentieth century conversion of a saltwater tidal flat into a freshwater marsh. Combining site level historical records, site characteristics, and dendrochronological data provides a greater understanding of the local and regional factors that shape the unique structures of Garry oak ecosystems at each site. This information can be integrated into restoration and fire management strategies for Garry oak ecosystems as well as elucidate the timing of European settler and climate change impacts on these ecosystems.
45
Ibrahim, Moawiyah Mahmoud. "One Hundred Years of Archaeological Work in Jordan." Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 16, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 185–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.54134/jjha.v16i3.659.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with major achievements in the field of archaeology and cultural heritage in Jordan since the 19th century, the time when many travelers explored Jordan and Palestine and paid attention to the richness of the Archaeological and historical sites. The Department of Antiquities was established in 1923 to manage the archaeological sites and excavations as well as restoration work in various sites of the country. As well as bylaws of antiquities ere issued in 1934. Since then extensive excavations and surveys took place by foreign expeditions, and later on with participation of local institutions. Archaeological and cultural resource management programs were established in a number of Jordanian universities for training local archaeologists to undertake field research projects in cooperation with international institutions. A national museum (Jordan Museum) as well as several local museums and university museums were established and made accessible for local communities. The Department of Antiquities developed a program entitled (MEGA-Jordan) to inventory and manage archaeology sites at a national level. International research centers were established in Jordan including the American, British, French, German and Spanish, to conduct archaeological work and to accommodate researchers from different parts of the world. Six Jordanian properties were inscribed in the World Heritage List: Petra, Quseir Amra, Um er-Rasas, Wadi Rum, Baptism Site and As-Salt.
46
Anderson, Julie. "“Homes away from Home” and “Happy Prisoners”: Disabled Veterans, Space, and Masculinity in Britain, 1944–19501." Journal of Social History 53, no. 3 (2020): 698–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shaa003.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article examines the changing nature of home for disabled ex-servicemen in the Second World War. It explores the function of institutional and domestic space in the restoration of traditional male roles. Masculine activities were encouraged in the long-stay institution, as men attempted to overcome their disability and be found suitable to resume a place in a traditional domestic home. Owing to war damage, finding housing was particularly challenging for disabled men, but a combination of the influence of the British Legion, donations from the public, and their preference to memorialize the war through the building of homes increased the possibility of living in a traditional domestic space. The building, alteration, and occupation of homes reinforced certain modes of behavior and expectations of disabled veterans, cementing the central, traditional role of men in postwar Britain. Importantly, freedom from institutional living came through traditional relationships with women and the production of children. This analysis of the home in its many configurations offers insight into disabled ex-servicemen, demonstrating that the institutional and domestic spaces that constitute home are as important in understanding masculinity as other traditionally gendered spaces such as the workplace.
47
Scott, J. "GARY S. DE KREY. London and the Restoration, 1659-1683. (Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History.) New York: Cambridge University Press. 2005. Pp. xix, 472. $100.00." American Historical Review 111, no. 3 (June 1, 2006): 900–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.111.3.900.
Full text
48
McAreavey, Naomi. "Female alliances in Cromwellian Ireland: the social and political network of Elizabeth Butler, marchioness of Ormonde." Irish Historical Studies 45, no. 167 (May 2021): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2021.26.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractElizabeth Butler, marchioness of Ormonde, came to prominence during the middle years of the seventeenth century as a result of her care of Protestant refugees in the aftermath of the 1641 rebellion; her royalist exile in Caen; her successful claim to a portion of the confiscated Ormonde estate; and her subsequent retirement to Dunmore in County Kilkenny. Her letters from the 1650s and 1660 provide valuable insight on her role as an influential Irish royalist, and specifically reveal the importance of women in the social and political network that supported her through this tumultuous period. Prominent among the women in her network include the anonymous ‘JH’, a kinswoman who acted as Ormonde's intelligencer and spy in Cromwell's court in London in the early 1650s; Katherine, Lady Ranelagh, an acquaintance who wielded significant influence with the Cromwellian administration in Dublin and acted as Ormonde's intermediary in the mid 1650s; a group of pre-eminent British noblewomen from prominent royalist families with whom Ormonde maintained a relationship of mutual support from the 1650s into the 1660s; and finally Anne Hume, Ormonde's friend, confidante and long-serving waiting gentlewoman, who acted as her agent and messenger as Ormonde prepared for the Restoration in May 1660. Offering a more granular examination of Ormonde's activities during the 1650s than has been undertaken to date, this article shows that women were of primary importance to Ormonde's survival and indeed thriving through the Interregnum. More broadly, it indicates that female alliances were key to women's political agency in Cromwellian Ireland and that women were central to royalist political activity during the Interregnum.
49
Kulik, Lydia V. "THE IMPACT OF HISTORICAL LEGACY ON CONTEMPORARY INDIA-UK RELATIONS." Journal of the Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, no. 4 (26) (2023): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2618-7302-2023-4-094-106.
Full textAbstract:
Today, India pursues a multi-vector foreign policy, maintaining its strategic autonomy and being one of the most important civilizational states in the world. At the same time, India is the object of foreign policy efforts of all leading players, including the UK, its former metropole. In this article, the author examines how London is trying to rely on cooperation with New Delhi to compensate for its withdrawal from the EU and, with India’s help, to forge a new role for itself in a changing world. However, despite the long diplomatic courting, problems of interpretation of the colonial period and issues of shared history remain a serious stumbling block in the bilateral relationship. The nostalgia over the imperial past has been fueling the excessive ambitions of the British politicians. In the author’s view, due to an overly positive attitude towards their imperial past, the British politicians, over-exaggerating their own importance, constantly underestimate the extent to which the world distrusts Britain. For the people of India, it is India that is at the centre of global processes today, and their country’s influence on everything that happens in the world is undeniable. India at the time of the British arrival was not only one of the oldest civilizations on the planet, but also a pearl of the medieval world with developed culture, architecture, art and literature, unique industries. From the first to the eleventh century AD, the Indian economy was the largest in the world. During 200 years of colonialism, India and Britain almost swapped places in terms of their GDP share in the world economy. Therefore, for Indians, the rapid growth of their country’s economy in the early 21st century is not a miracle, but merely a restoration of the old balance of power in the world, where India and China have been leaders for centuries. It is also symbolic that the post of the British Prime Minister in 2022 was taken by a politician of Indian descent. The author concludes that, having celebrated 75 years of Independence, India is looking to the future with justified optimism, while its former metropole is in a constant search for ways to restore its depleted power, again seeing special relations with India as one of its desired instruments
50
Pavlenko, Valerii, and Mykola Polovin. "History of the Scottish and welsh independence movements: comparison and analysis." European Historical Studies, no. 18 (2021): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.18.12.
Full textAbstract:
The article addresses the history of the Scottish and Welsh approaches towards nationalism within the United Kingdom and features inherent in them. Similarities and differences between the Scottish and Welsh independence movements have been shown. Analysis of historical underpinnings of the creation of the Scottish National Party and the Party of Wales has been conducted. Influence of the Scottish and Welsh nationalism’s unique characteristics on the parties’ electoral performance has been analyzed. Research on the Scottish and Welsh independence movements from the perspective of Anglo–Scottish and Anglo–Welsh relations has been carried out. Influence of the British colonial empire on the suppression of the nationalistic tendencies in Scotland in Wales has been demonstrated. Scottish and Welsh societies’ special features concerning the differences between the independence movements in these countries have been analyzed. Causes of the relative success of the Scottish independence movement and reasons behind the relatively low popularity of nationalism in Wales have been identified. Based on the tendencies in the Scottish and Welsh societies, an analysis of future outlook of the Scottish National Party and the Party of Wales has been conducted. Special attention is paid to the 1979 and 1997 referendums on the restoration of the Scottish Parliament and creation of the National Assembly of Wales. Research on the causes of the referendums has been carried out, electoral preferences have been demonstrated, differences between the Scottish and Welsh national movements and different levels of home rule support among the Scottish and Welsh have been shown. It is argued that independence movements in Scotland and Wales are different in their nature, from which stem the Scottish national party’s and Plaid Cymru’s contrasting electoral results. It is demonstrated that the causes of such electoral performances are not only the historical underpinnings that have shaped both countries throughout centuries, but also the differences in Scotland’s and Wales’ economic development and the ideological distinctions within the Scottish and Welsh independence movements.