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Journal articles on the topic 'History of subdivisions'
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1
Tsukanov, Nikolay N. "The International Scientific and Practical Seminar Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Subdivisions for Control over the Circulation of Narcotic Drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 24, 2022): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-2-86-88.
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On December 6, 1991, there was established the Bureau for Control over Illegal Circulation of Narcotic Drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR as an independent structural subdivision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In 2021, there was the 30th anniversary of the establishment of subdivisions for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In view of that, the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has prepared and held an international scientific and practical seminar to review the issues reflecting historical aspects of functioning of subdivisions of internal affairs agencies for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and related to the relevant problems of drug threat combating at the modern stage.
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Zwahlen, RogerArthur, Kurt-W. Bütow, JeanA Morkel, and Sharan Naidoo. "Pierre Robin sequence: Subdivision, data, theories, and treatment - Part 1: History, subdivisions, and data." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 6, no. 1 (2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0746.186133.
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Shakirov, Shukhratjon. "Units Of Psychological Operations: History Of Creation And Modern Trends." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 02, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume02issue11-25.
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The article deals with the creation of subdivisions of psychological operations in different historical epochs of time, trends in their development, the use of various forms and methods, along with the formation of the theory of psychological operations itself, as well as their role and place in the achievement of individual societies and states of their own goals and objectives.
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Christensen, Ellen, and Carolyn S. Loeb. "Entrepreneurial Vernacular: Developers' Subdivisions in the 1920s." Michigan Historical Review 29, no. 1 (2003): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20174017.
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Chernyavskiy, S. I. "MGIMO(U) School of Post Soviet Studies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(25) (August 28, 2012): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-4-25-143-146.
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Manger, Paul, Monika Sum, Michael Szymanski, Sam Ridgway, and Leah Krubitzer. "Modular Subdivisions of Dolphin Insular Cortex: Does Evolutionary History Repeat Itself?" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 2 (March 1998): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562627.
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The structural organization of the insular cortex in the bottlenose dolphin was investigated by examining Nissl- and myelin-stained tissue that was sectioned coronally and tangentially. An uneven distribution of cell clusters that coincided with myelin-light zones was observed in layer II. When the present observations were compared to descriptions of modules in other animals, we found that the range of module size is restricted, while the size of the brain, particularly the neocortex, varies dramatically. Indeed, despite the tremendous expansion of the cetacean neocortex, the size of the modules in the insular cortex is similar to that described for small-brained mammals like the mouse, suggesting that module size is evolutionarily stable across species. Selection for optimal-size processing units, in terms of the lengths of connections within and between them, is a likely source of this stability.
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Іван Васильович Ковальчук. "FORMING THE LOCAL AUXILIARY POLICE AND ENGAGING ITS SUBDIVISIONS IN PUNITIVE OPERATIONS OF NAZI INVADERS ON THE TERRITORY OF ZHYTOMYR REGION IN 1941." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111816.
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The article considers the process of the Ukrainian local police formation within the structure of the auxiliary Ukrainian administration. It was determined that both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists had taken an active part in the process. The members of their march units arrived in Zhytomyr region. During the period of military administration the Nazi occupation authority specified the number of military personnel, the main functions and direct reporting relationship of the Ukrainian auxiliary police. Originally, the given formation was qualified as the public organization subordinated to the local authorities, however, commandant's offices could engage it to perform their tasks. Its aggregate number could not exceed 1% of the population of a specific populated locality. The main function of the auxiliary police was to tackle crime and protect different objects. In its arsenal, the police had the captured Soviet rifles and a set of 5 cartridges for each one. Within a short period of time the whole network of the auxiliary police was established on the territory of Zhytomyr region. It consisted of country commands, district, municipal and regional divisions.Among the governing bodies and municipal police, for example, in Zhytomyr city, there were many of those who came from Western Ukraine and political immigrants from Western Europe who arrived on the territory occupied by Nazi after the beginning of the Soviet-German war. Nevertheless, after some time the occupation authorities at first resorted to a dissolution of the Ukrainian auxiliary police formations, and then it was re-structured and staffed according to new plans and Nazi perspective. In that format the Ukrainian auxiliary police were fully deprived of both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists influence, imbedded into the occupation structure and had to carry out the dirty work Nazi could not do because of lack of human resources and means. Since that time Nazi occupation authorities engaged officials from different divisions and departments of the local auxiliary police in their punitive actions against the local population, in particular in a genocide of specific ethnic groups.
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Avornic, Gheorghe, Violeta Cojocaru, and Iulian Moraru. "History of codification of private law in the Republic of Moldova." Supremacy of Law, no. 1 (September 2021): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/2345-1971.2021.1.01.
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The division of the entire system of law into public law and private law comes from ancient times, which we have referred to in several previous personal publications. In this article we will analyze the evolution of private law in the Republic of Moldova. Private law constitutes one of the fundamental subdivisions of the science of law as a whole. At the level of the Republic of Moldova, the subdivision in question represents a distinct specific in the context that: (i) it is stratified into numerous branches of law and (ii) it constitutes a symbiosis of several national, supranational and international private legislations that correspond to modern trends of evolution of related social relations. One of the main branches of domestic private law is civil law, namely the rules tangent to the branch of law in question regulate a considerable number of social relations varied in terms of structure and content. This article will briefly address evolutionary-historical aspects of the private law legislation of the Republic of Moldova. In particular, we will analyze the influence of the Model Civil Code of the CIS States, on the one hand, and European legislation, on the other. Historical aspects will be divided into three periods.
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Kalia, Awdhesh, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Giedrius Dailide, Yoshiyki Ito, Takeshi Azuma, Benjamin C. Y. Wong, and Douglas E. Berg. "Evolutionary Dynamics of Insertion Sequences in Helicobacter pylori." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 22 (November 15, 2004): 7508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.22.7508-7520.2004.
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ABSTRACT Prokaryotic insertion sequence (IS) elements behave like parasites in terms of their ability to invade and proliferate in microbial gene pools and like symbionts when they coevolve with their bacterial hosts. Here we investigated the evolutionary history of IS605 and IS607 of Helicobacter pylori, a genetically diverse gastric pathogen. These elements contain unrelated transposase genes (orfA) and also a homolog of the Salmonella virulence gene gipA (orfB). A total of 488 East Asian, Indian, Peruvian, and Spanish isolates were screened, and 18 and 14% of them harbored IS605 and IS607, respectively. IS605 nucleotide sequence analysis (n = 42) revealed geographic subdivisions similar to those of H. pylori; the geographic subdivision was blurred, however, due in part to homologous recombination, as indicated by split decomposition and homoplasy tests (homoplasy ratio, 0.56). In contrast, the IS607 populations (n = 44) showed strong geographic subdivisions with less homologous recombination (homoplasy ratio, 0.2). Diversifying selection (ratio of nonsynonymous change to synonymous change, ≫1) was evident in ∼15% of the IS605 orfA codons analyzed but not in the IS607 orfA codons. Diversifying selection was also evident in ∼2% of the IS605 orfB and ∼10% of the IS607 orfB codons analyzed. We suggest that the evolution of these elements reflects selection for optimal transposition activity in the case of IS605 orfA and for interactions between the OrfB proteins and other cellular constituents that potentially contribute to bacterial fitness. Taken together, similarities in IS elements and H. pylori population genetic structures and evidence of adaptive evolution in IS elements suggest that there is coevolution between these elements and their bacterial hosts.
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Young, Davis. "Origin of the American quantitative igneous rock classification: Part 3." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 264–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.2.j578210v56517370.
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After evaluating two contrasting proposals, four American petrographers, Cross, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington, meeting in late March 1901, formulated a preliminary quantitative classification of igneous rocks on a chemico-mineralogical basis. The team agreed that five different mineral groups should serve as factors for subdivision of the rocks into different orders. They also defined several further categories of subdivisions and established chemical and/or mineralogical criteria for those taxonomic levels. Washington began work on appropriate nomenclature for the various subdivisions.During the ensuing month, Iddings and Washington suggested several modifications to the group proposal. After intense discussion by way of letter, the quartet struggled to work out further details of their scheme logically even as they encountered a host of difficulties in applying the scheme. Washington recognized that their preliminary scheme was too complex and impractical for use by working petrographers.To meet the challenges, Washington and Pirsson met in late April 1901 and proposed that the team abandon its scheme and substitute one based on two factors only: ‘light minerals’ rich in Si, Al, K, and Na and ‘dark minerals’ rich in Si, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al. All four agreed in principle to the new scheme and worked feverishly on the identity of and criteria for the subdivisions. Meeting in July 1901, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington decided that the time had come to move toward publication of a statement of principles of the new two-factor scheme. Iddings was commissioned to write a rough draft describing the scheme and Washington was charged with working on nomenclature.
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Ortega, Arnisson Andre C., and Evangeline O. Katigbak. "The Urban Geographies of Philippine Transnationalism." Current History 121, no. 836 (September 1, 2022): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2022.121.836.237.
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Overseas Filipinos have had an enduring impact in facilitating urban change in the Philippines. This article focuses on three sites—gated subdivisions, islands, and homes in peri-urban villages—that demonstrate the different ways Filipino transnationalism is entangled with urban transformations in the Philippines. The diaspora has an important role in the production of urban spaces, where houses, condominium units, and other structures are not just profit-driven investments, but are intimately linked to aspirations and dreams anchored in diasporic homelands.
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Ghersetti, Antonella. "Systematizing the Description of Arabic: The Case of Ibn al-Sarrāj." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 71, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 879–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2017-0020.
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Abstract This paper will focus on the Arabic grammatical tradition and, in particular, on the new arrangement, in the 4th/10th c., of grammatical matters already elaborated in the first centuries of Islam. With this aim in mind we will take into consideration two representative grammatical treatises of the 8th c. and the 10th c.: Sībawayh’s Kitāb and Ibn al-Sarrāj’s al-Uṣūl fī l-naḥw, which both represent watershed moments in the history of the Arabic grammatical tradition. Abū Bakr ibn al-Sarrāj’s philosophical training is obvious in the way he approaches the subject through the precise description of single items and in the laboured logic of the subdivision of his treatises. He follows the principle of “comprehensive subdivisions” (taqāsīm) borrowed from the logic he had studied under the direction of al-Fārābī. Ibn al-Sarrāj’s method of organizing and introducing linguistic matters will be contrasted with the approach of the father of Arabic grammar, Sībawayh, who wrote – two centuries earlier – the most comprehensive description of Arabic.
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Ramsey, Grant. "Organisms, Traits, and Population Subdivisions: Two Arguments against the Causal Conception of Fitness?" British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 589–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjps/axs010.
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Meding, Holger M. "Historical Archives of the Republic of Panama." Latin American Research Review 34, no. 3 (1999): 129–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002387910003939x.
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AbstractDespite the significance of the Panama Canal in the maritime economy, the Republic of Panama has not yet been studied adequately, particularly its domestic archives. After a critique of existing historical writing on major Panamanian topics, problems, and deficiencies, this research note provides a brief history of the national archives in Panama and the most significant private collections. The coverage identifies the contents, subdivisions, and shortcomings of these archives as well as finding aids and catalogues. It also describes the most relevant published sources on the history of the Isthmian Republic, including government publications, periodicals and newspapers, and compilations.
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Barber, R. L. N., and Kenneth A. Sheedy. "John M. Cook (1910–1994): A Bibliography." Annual of the British School at Athens 92 (November 1997): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400016774.
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The bibliography is intended as a tribute to Cook and his work, and as an aid to researchers in similar fields. Its main subdivisions reflect his interests—Asia Minor: archaeology, topography and history; Greece: archaeological and topographical studies; Attic Geometric and Protoattic pottery; Greek art (and other topics). Books, articles, and reviews are presented separately. The academic bibliography is preceded by references to material on the life of J. M. Cook, and succeeded by a list of obituary notices.
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Paterson, Ross. "The Development of an Interwar Suburb: Kingsway Park, Etobicoke." Articles 13, no. 3 (August 23, 2013): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018104ar.
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An examination of planned suburbanisation is provided in this study through a discussion of the activities of the Home Smith and Company, and in particular, by an examination of the development and building of one of the Company's premier subdivisions, Kingsway Park. The study presents further evidence that the inter-war period encompassed a pivotal period in the evolving city-building process, bridging the transition between the fragmentary system employed in building the Victorian suburbs and the highly integrated land development process in place today.
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Studwell, William E. "Library of Congress Subject Heading Period Subdivisions for the History of Canadian Regions, Provinces, and Territories." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 7, no. 3 (June 4, 1987): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v07n03_09.
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Hoagland, Alison K. "Review: Entrepreneurial Vernacular: Developers' Subdivisions in the 1920s by Carolyn S. Loeb." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 62, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 148–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3655100.
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Jacquette, Dale. "Collingwood on Historical Authority and Historical Imagination." Journal of the Philosophy of History 3, no. 1 (2009): 55–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226309x408794.
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AbstractR. G. Collingwood's philosophy of history is explained and critically evaluated. Collingwood advances an objective idealist historiography, according to which it is necessary for the historian to enter vicariously into the thoughts of historically interesting decision makers, literally re-thinking them in order to understand their reasoning in historical context. A detailed exposition of Collingwood's theory is presented, identifying its central features as they developed from the early to later periods of his philosophy. Collingwood's remarkable inversion of the positivist unity of sciences model is particularly emphasized, with its reduction of all the natural sciences and traditional subdivisions of philosophy to history, along with the aesthetics of historical narrative in selecting, explaining, and retelling the thoughts of historically interesting decision makers. Collingwood's philosophy of history is defended against a charge of vicious circularity, but, in light of other theoretical difficulties, a modified revisionary quasi-Collingwoodian or Collingwood-inspired historiography is finally proposed.
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Donnellan, Lieve. "Franco de Angelis. Archaic and Classical Greek Sicily. A Social and Economic History." Journal of Greek Archaeology 2 (January 1, 2017): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32028/jga.v2i.606.
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An increase in studies and chapters devoted to the economic history of the Ancient World has become apparent a decade since the landmark publication of The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World (ed. Walter Scheidel; Ian Morris; Richard P. Saller, Cambridge University Press 2007). Falling within this trend are two recent books on regional Classical economies. What separates these books from other ancient economic narratives is their focus on areas that have long been considered marginal, and therefore uninteresting, in their respective cultural spheres: Sicily as periphery of the Greek world and the Sarmatian region of the Eurasian steppe as frontier of the Classical World. Indeed, as both authors stress independently from each other, they are the first to study the economy of these regions in a comprehensive way. Past scholarship has focused exclusively on the core lands of the Classical World or on subdivisions of the economy (e.g. coinage) of the peripheries.
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van Kolfschoten, Thijs, and Philip L. Gibbard. "The Eemian - local sequences, global perspectives: introduction." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 79, no. 2-3 (August 2000): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600021661.
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The history of this volume goes back to a 1973 INQUA congress in New Zealand, where an INQUA Commission of Stratigraphy working group on major subdivisions of the Pleistocene was established. The Pleistocene series/epoch was hitherto generally subdivided into the Lower/Early, Middle and Upper/Late Pleistocene (see, among others, Zeuner, 1935, 1959) but the boundaries between these subseries/subepochs were not formally defined. The boundary between the Early and Middle Pleistocene was, in the European literature, put at the base of the Cromerian Complex (Zagwijn, 1963) or at the Brunhes/Matuyama magnetic boundary (Richmond, 1996).
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Mutzafi, Hezy. "Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 71, no. 3 (October 2008): 409–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x08000815.
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AbstractThe present article seeks to describe a major group of Jewish North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA) dialects located across the Great Zab river in the eastern and south-eastern parts of the dialectological map of NENA, hence the term “Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic” (“Trans-Zab”, for short) chosen for this dialect group. A large set of phonological, morphophonological, morphological and lexical innovations, shared by all members of this group, is presented. Each of the Trans-Zab features is compared with contrastive parallel features in other, selected NENA varieties. Finally, an internal classification of Trans-Zab into three subdivisions is proposed, based on a comparison of three respective paradigms of the positive present copula.
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Sukhorukov, A. N. "On the centenary of Tavrichesky University: the birth of Iranian higher education in Crimea." Язык и текст 6, no. 1 (2019): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2019060118.
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This article discusses the history of the formation and development of teaching Persian language and literature in the Crimea in the first half of the twentieth century, points to the transition from episodic teaching of the Persian language in classical madrasas to the provision of academic education in the first university of Crimea. Despite the constant transformations of the university and its structural subdivisions, the Persian language department continued to work from 1921 to 1929. Professor Philonenko was the constant leader of the Persian direction throughout this time. When writing the article, the author used rare sources that had not been widely spread in the scientific community before.
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Studwell, William E. "Library of Congress Subject Heading Period Subdivisions for the History of the Individual States of the United States." Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 8, no. 1 (December 16, 1987): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j104v08n01_11.
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Halsell, Christopher B. "Differential Distribution of Amygdaloid Input across Rostral Solitary Nucleus Subdivisions in Rata." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 855, no. 1 OLFACTION AND (November 1998): 482–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10609.x.
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Callomon, John H. "The Middle Jurassic of western and northern Europe: its subdivisions, geochronology and correlations." Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Bulletin 1 (October 28, 2003): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/geusb.v1.4648.
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The palaeogeographic settings of Denmark and East Greenland during the Middle Jurassic are outlined. They lay in the widespread epicontinental seas that covered much of Europe in the post-Triassic transgression. It was a period of continuing eustatic sea-level rise, with only distant connections to world oceans: to the Pacific, via the narrow Viking Straits between Greenland and Norway and hence the arctic Boreal Sea to the north; and to the subtropical Tethys, via some 1200 km of shelf-seas to the south. The sedimentary history of the region was strongly influenced by two factors: tectonism and climate. Two modes of tectonic movement governed basinal evolution: crustal extension leading to subsidence through rifting, such as in the Viking and Central Grabens of the North Sea; and subcrustal thermal upwelling, leading to domal uplift and the partition of marine basins through emergent physical barriers, as exemplified by the Central North Sea Dome with its associated volcanics. The climatic gradient across the 30º of temperate latitude spanned by the European seas governed biotic diversity and biogeography, finding expression in rock-forming biogenic carbonates that dominate sediments in the south and give way to largely siliciclastic sediments in the north. Geochronology of unrivalled finesse is provided by standard chronostratigraphy based on the biostratigraphy of ammonites. The Middle Jurassic saw the onset of considerable bioprovincial endemisms in these guide-fossils, making it necessary to construct parallel standard zonations for Boreal, Subboreal or NW European and Submediterranean Provinces, of which the NW European zonation provides the primary international standard. The current versions of these zonations are presented and reviewed.
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Gasanova, Maleka N. "MODERN HISTORIOGRAPHY REFLECTING THE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED BY THE ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES OF PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE CHUVASH AUTONOMY IN THE 1920s – 1930s." Historical Search 2, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2021-2-1-54-64.
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The article considers the content of works written by modern scientists of the Chuvash Republic from the point of view of their covering the issues related to the history of the activities performed by the Chuvash public education management bodies in the 1920s – 1930s – the Department of Public Education of the Chuvash Executive Committee of the Soviet, the People’s Commissariat for Education of the Chuvash ASSR, the departments of public education of volost, uyezd and district executive committees of the Soviets. It is concluded that the works of modern researchers provide little information about individual structural subdivisions of the regional public education department and their activities, and do not study the history of the Chuvash ASSR People’s Commissariat for Education, its successes and failures in the advancement of education. Based on the identification of the most studied aspects of the topic, the prospects for additional research in the field of the history of the activities performed by public education management bodies in the territory of Chuvashia in the first post-revolutionary decades are determined.
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Barnett, Ross, Nobuyuki Yamaguchi, Ian Barnes, and Alan Cooper. "The origin, current diversity and future conservation of the modern lion ( Panthera leo )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 273, no. 1598 (May 23, 2006): 2119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2006.3555.
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Understanding the phylogeographic processes affecting endangered species is crucial both to interpreting their evolutionary history and to the establishment of conservation strategies. Lions provide a key opportunity to explore such processes; however, a lack of genetic diversity and shortage of suitable samples has until now hindered such investigation. We used mitochondrial control region DNA (mtDNA) sequences to investigate the phylogeographic history of modern lions, using samples from across their entire range. We find the sub-Saharan African lions are basal among modern lions, supporting a single African origin model of modern lion evolution, equivalent to the ‘recent African origin’ model of modern human evolution. We also find the greatest variety of mtDNA haplotypes in the centre of Africa, which may be due to the distribution of physical barriers and continental-scale habitat changes caused by Pleistocene glacial oscillations. Our results suggest that the modern lion may currently consist of three geographic populations on the basis of their recent evolutionary history: North African–Asian, southern African and middle African. Future conservation strategies should take these evolutionary subdivisions into consideration.
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Naveriani, Zezva. "Military Bridges and Their Usage in Emergency (Natural Disasters) Situations." Works of Georgian Technical University, no. 2(520) (June 25, 2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36073/1512-0996-2021-2-172-178.
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The role of military bridges in military-civilian operations is very important. The introductory part briefly discusses the classification of military bridges and their brief history of development, highlighting the importance of military bridges during hostilities. The main part discribes the usage of military-engineering subdivisions, in particular, military bridges, during civilian military operations, such as their use in the elimination of natural or technogenic disasters. The article discusses examples of the use of military bridges in the last part of the history of Georgia, their importance during the liquidation of the crisis, such as: the use of a military bridge (КМ-02Т) in the construction of IDP settlements in the post-war Georgia, the use of infrastructure damaged by the Nenskra River in the Svaneti region, and the use of spinal bridges over the Terg River in Kazbegi Municipality. The use of military bridges is one of the best examples of military civilian operations.
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Hamès, Constant. "Sura Headings and Subdivisions in Qur'an Manuscripts from Sub-Saharan Africa: Variations and Historical Implications." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 15, no. 3 (October 2013): 232–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2013.0119.
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Sura headings, and the information they convey, were formulated well after the Qur'anic revelation itself. Furthermore, they were not determined by authoritative, standardising decisions, as was the case for the Qur'anic text, which has come down to us ne varietur. Given the geographical extension attained by the Islamic world in the course of its history, and in the absence of normalisation due to the disappearance of a centralised power, local variations in sura headings are only to be expected. This is, in effect, the case for Africa. The sampling of Qur'an manuscripts considered here is compared to the standard Egyptian edition of 1923, and reveals differences not only in the titles of the suras but also in the other types of information associated with them, such as indications concerning the place of revelation and the number of verses in each sura. In addition, in some areas, headings are not usually committed to writing, whereas in other local traditions, they may be quite long and contain multiple elements of information. Though these variations may appear to be minor, they are of interest in a comparative perspective, taking into account different zones and eras – especially so if one seeks to discern local identities in the presentation of Qur'an manuscripts. The ones analysed here all come from the Saharo-Sahelian zone: Mauritania (2), Mali (1), Chad (2) and Somalia (1). They are dated to the nineteenth century, with the exception of one early twentieth-century manuscript.
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Lavanya, A., and M. R. Rashila. "Subalterns’ oppression in the Post Colonial Society of Aravind Adiga and Bina Shah." Shanlax International Journal of English 8, no. 3 (June 2, 2020): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/english.v8i3.3164.
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The term ‘subaltern’ identifies and illustrates the man, the woman, and the public who is socially, politically, and purely outside of the hegemonic power organization. Nowadays, Subaltern concern has become so outstanding that it recurrently used in diverse disciplines such as history, psychology, sociology, anthropology, and literature. The notion of subaltern holds the groups that are marginalized, subjugated, and exploited based on social, cultural, spiritual, and biased grounds. The main purpose of this paper is to expose various themes such as oppression, marginalization, the subjugation of inferior people and working classes, gender discrimination, unnoticed women, deprived classes, racial and caste discrimination, etc. It is one of the subdivisions of post colonialism. In this paper, Aravind Adiga and Bina Shah illustrate subalterns through The White Tiger and Slum Child.
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Borda, Elizabeth, and Mark E. Siddall. "Insights into the evolutionary history of Indo-Pacific bloodfeeding terrestrial leeches (Hirudinida:Arhynchobdellida:Haemadipisdae)." Invertebrate Systematics 24, no. 5 (2010): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is10013.
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Haemadipsidae is a clade of notorious bloodfeeding annelids adapted to tropical and sub-tropical rainforests found throughout the Indo-Pacific. This family traditionally includes duognathous (two-jawed) endemics, each placed in their own genus, from continental and volcanic islands including: Australia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Seychelles, and South Pacific islands, while trignathous (three-jawed) Tritetrabdella species and the speciose Haemadipsa are exclusive to the Indian subcontinent ranging into east and south-east Asia. One of the more compelling aspects of haemadipsids is their distribution on post-Gondwanan landmasses. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships, taxonomy and biogeographic patterns of Haemadipsidae were examined. Over 5 kb of sequence data from three genes (nuclear 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and mitochondrial COI) for 37 haemadipsid exemplars, representing 12 of the 15 recognised genera, were analysed under the criteria of maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference. The results show that widespread duognathous species form a monophyletic group derived from trignathous ancestry and are sister to a new trignathous clade for Haemadipsidae. This phylogenetic hypothesis rejected Gondwanan vicariance as an explanation for the diversification of haemadipsids. Haemadipsidae is accepted as the formal name for these Indo-Pacific leeches. Whereas the subdivisions Haemadipsinae and Domanibdellinae are clarified, there is a need to establish a new subfamily, Tritetrabdellinae, for the newly identified trignathous clade that is sister to Domanibdellinae. This study provides a basis for continued elucidation of the evolutionary relationships and classification of these terrestrial annelids.
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Rois, Robert. "The Chreia in the Forrest." Review of European Studies 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v12n1p87.
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Interpretation of poetry becomes manageable when we find in the poets' background elements of early training which are revealed in their work. In the schools of the British Renaissance Aphothonius’ Progymnasmata was the preferred manual of classical rhetoric used to teach students how to write. The composition exercises in this manual of rhetoric were applied to the art of letter writing, since this was the most common means for communication at the time.
Among the various writing exercises from the Progymnasmata used in the grammar schools of the English Renaissance, the chreia predominates. We can see that the main thematic headings and subdivisions used in the epistolary lyric fit this particular format. John Donne introduced this innovation to English poetry. Ben Jonson perfected the technique, as we see in his book of poems, The Forrest. Several of his best known poems fit the chreia pattern. We close our study with a suggestion that To Heaven, one of the best known poems of the English Renaissance, can be interpreted as a letter addressed directly to God.
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Zwahlen, RogerArthur, EngelaM Honey, and KurtW Bütow. "Holoprosencephaly with clefts: Data of 85 patients, treatment and outcome: Part 1: History, subdivisions, and data on 85 holoprosencephalic cleft patients." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 9, no. 1 (2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ams.ams_50_19.
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Ruderman, Ella. "Library of Congress Classification for Judaica: Recent Changes (1995-1996)." Judaica Librarianship 10, no. 1 (May 5, 2000): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14263/2330-2976.1151.
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This column covers the additions and changes to the Library of Congress Classification made from January 1995 to December 1996 that are relevant to Judaica libraries. Most of the changes come under classes BM (Judaism), BS (Bible), DS (History of Asia), and PJ (Oriental philology and literature). Of major significance are the following changes: (1) Class number BM198 (Hasidism. Hasidim) received a detailed breakdown, the greatest benefit of which is that it allows librarians to classify together works about individual Hasidic sects, as well as works about Hasidism in individual regions and countries. (2) The breakdown for the Holocaust under class number 0804 was expanded to introduce such subtopics as collective and individual biography, special groups of Jewish and non-Jewish victims, rescue efforts and biographies of righteous gentiles. The new breakdown also established separate decimal subdivisions for works of Holocaust denial literature and works on the phenomenon of Holocaust denial.
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Minc, Leah D. "Style and Substance: Evidence for Regionalism within the Aztec Market System." Latin American Antiquity 20, no. 2 (June 2009): 343–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1045663500002674.
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AbstractThe emergence of the Triple Alliance empire and the consolidation of political power in the Basin of Mexico is traditionally associated with a high level of economic integration achieved through regional market exchange. Although researchers debate whether the market system was dominated by commercial factors or political forces, the assumption that the pax azteca led to a single, basin-wide exchange system is not generally challenged. Yet an increasing number of stylistic and compositional analyses indicate that significant regional subdivisions existed within the Aztec core, although the spatial scale, nature, and significance of these systems remains poorly understood. This study contributes to the body of evidence suggesting that economic divisions existed under the Triple Alliance, by presenting spatial patterning in Aztec Red Wares (guindaorrojo pulido) ceramics. By combining both stylistic and compositional analyses of this ceramic ware, it is possible to demonstrate both the strength of economic divisions as well as map their boundaries for a significant portion of the Basin. The regional patterns in artifact distribution highlighted in this and prior studies underscore the complexity of exchange interactions that evolved under Aztec rule and which must be explained by future models of the Aztec market system.
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Longstreth, Richard. "The Neighborhood Shopping Center in Washington, D. C., 1930-1941." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 51, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 5–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990638.
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During the 1930s the neighborhood shopping center emerged as an important phenomenon in the development of retail facilities in the United States. Prior to that decade, the type was limited to a modest number of examples built as components of planned residential subdivisions for the well-to-do. By the eve of World War II, the neighborhood shopping center was seen as an advantageous means of meeting the routine needs of people in outlying urban areas generally. During the 1930s, the neighborhood center also became one of the first common building forms to experience a basic reconfiguration to accommodate patterns of widespread automobile usage. Washington, D. C., was the initial and by far the most intensive proving ground for this work at its formative stage. The results were influential nationwide in the shopping center's transformation from a novelty to a ubiquitous feature of the American landscape.
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Pickard, John. "Post and Rail Fences: Derivation, Development, and Demise of Rural Technology in Colonial Australia." Agricultural History 79, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 27–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-79.1.27.
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Abstract Post and rail fences had a relatively minor role in England in the eighteenth century, primarily to protect young hedges. However, they rapidly became the most advanced form of fences in the new Australian colonies founded in 1788 and later. The key feature is that thinned tenons on the ends of rectangular split rails fit closely into mortises cut in the rectangular split posts. Post and rail fences were widespread but never common because of the high cost, lack of secure land tenure, and ubiquitous use of shepherds to guard against predatory dingoes. With the introduction of cheap iron wire in the mid-1850s, farmers and pastoralists gained many advantages from fencing their boundaries and paddocks. By 1900 post and rail fences were obsolete technologically, although farmers built decreasing numbers up to the 1960s. More recently, many people are relocating old post and rail fences onto peri-urban subdivisions and erecting new ones to create a rustic appearance. Post and rail fence use in advertisements and other media shows that they have achieved a new status as an icon of rural Australia.
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Harris, Richard. "The Rise of Filtering Down." Social Science History 37, no. 4 (2013): 515–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200011950.
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Between 1915 and 1929 across North America most commercial builders ceased to erect dwellings for low- and moderate-income households. As a result, these households increasingly relied on housing units that had filtered down. This development had momentous consequences for the housing market and eventually for housing policy as well as for the character of American cities. The reasons for this change were complex. They included a rapid and then permanent increase in building costs coupled with an irregular decline in owner-building, the means by which many families had once housed themselves. Especially after 1918 there was a shift in consumer preferences away from housing and toward other consumer goods, notably automobiles. This was partly counterbalanced by a new appreciation by the middle class of the virtues of home ownership and improvement, but this preference was channeled into the development of large, planned, and well-serviced subdivisions. This type of residential development required larger amounts of capital and fostered the growth of a new financial instrument, the mortgage bond. Bonds redirected the savings of small investors that had previously financed small-scale land speculation, house building, and landlordism. In 15 years the urban housing market had been transformed, with large consequences for the lives of Americans.
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Merskey, H. "The Importance of Hysteria." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 1 (July 1986): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.1.23.
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Hysteria has been a topic of interest throughout the history of medicine; those who have been concerned with it include Galen, Paré, Sydenham, Charcot and Freud. Anyone who chooses to proclaim its importance, therefore, might be asked to provide some reason for gilding the lily. Controversies have always attended the subject, and different disciplines still disagree over it. The diagnosis, which occurs in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9, 1978) has been deprecated on both sides of the Atlantic (Slater, 1965; DSM-III, 1980) and also advocated with varying degrees of fervour (Walshe, 1965; Lewis, 1975; Merskey, 1979). It is a subject of historical study (Veith, 1965; Walker, 1981; Shorter, 1984); there have been at least nine monographs on it since 1977 (Horowitz, 1977; Krohn, 1978; Jakubik, 1979; Merskey, 1979; Roy, 1982; Riley & Roy, 1982; Colliganet al.1982; Weintraub, 1983; Ford, 1983), and there is a steady flow of paper on the topic of hysteria or its major subdivisions (eg, hysterical personality, conversion symptoms) or pseudonyms and partial pseudonyms (eg, somatisation disorders, borderline personality, and operant pain).
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Normore, Leon, Peter W. Haines, Lidena K. Carr, Paul Henson, Yijie Zhan, Michael T. D. Wingate, Yong Yi Zhen, et al. "Barnicarndy Graben, southern Canning Basin: stratigraphy defined by the Barnicarndy 1 stratigraphic well." APPEA Journal 61, no. 1 (2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj20160.
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Funded by Geoscience Australia’s Exploring for the Future initiative and operated by the Geological Survey of Western Australia, the Waukarlycarly 1 deep stratigraphic drillhole was designed to investigate the geology of the little-known Waukarlycarly Embayment and assess the petroleum, mineral, groundwater and CO2 storage potential of the area. Based on consultation with the Western Desert Lands Aboriginal Corporation on the cultural significance of the name, Waukarlycarly, it has been agreed to change the name of the well to Barnicarndy 1 and the tectonic subdivision to the Barnicarndy Graben. This and all future publications will now refer to the Barnicarndy 1 stratigraphic drillhole (previously Waukarlycarly 1) and the Barnicarndy Graben (previously Waukarlycarly Embayment). Drilling commenced on 1 September 2019 and reached a total depth (TD) of 2680.53m on 30 November 2019, recovering more than 2km of continuous core. The cored interval extended from 580m to TD in Neoproterozoic Yeneena Basin dolostone, which was unconformably overlain by a thick, lower Canning Basin Ordovician stratigraphy, including richly fossiliferous marine mudstones with common volcanic ash beds. A major unconformity is located at the top of the Ordovician section where it is overlain by sandstones and muddy diamictites of the Carboniferous–Permian Grant Group, followed by a Cenozoic succession near surface. Ditch cuttings were collected from surface to 580m at 3m intervals. The pre-Grant Group Paleozoic succession is unique within the Canning Basin, indicating that the Barnicarndy Graben’s depositional history is markedly different when compared with adjacent structural subdivisions, such as the Munro Arch and Kidson Sub-basin. Detrital zircon geochronology, biostratigraphy and borehole imaging interpretation assisted in the definition of two new geological units within the Ordovician stratigraphy of Barnicarndy 1: the Yapukarninjarra and Barnicarndy formations. Preliminary routine core analysis data indicates the potential for CO2 storage within the Barnicarndy Formation beneath a Grant Group seal. The well also provides new insights into the structural interpretation of the Barnicarndy Graben.
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Sohn, Maya N., Shane Virani, Helen L. Carlson, Shelby MacPhail, Trevor A. Low, Vickie Plourde, Keith Owen Yeates, Catherine Lebel, and Brian L. Brooks. "Microstructure of the Corpus Callosum Long after Pediatric Concussion." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 26, no. 8 (March 18, 2020): 763–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617720000223.
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AbstractObjective:The long-term effects of pediatric concussion on white matter microstructure are poorly understood. This study investigated long-term changes in white matter diffusion properties of the corpus callosum in youth several years after concussion.Methods:Participants were 8–19 years old with a history of concussion (n = 36) or orthopedic injury (OI) (n = 21). Mean time since injury for the sample was 2.6 years (SD = 1.6). Participants underwent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, completed cognitive testing, and rated their post-concussion symptoms. Measures of diffusivity (fractional anisotropy, mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) were extracted from white matter tracts in the genu, body, and splenium regions of the corpus callosum. The genu and splenium tracts were further subdivided into 21 equally spaced regions along the tract and diffusion values were extracted from each of these smaller regions.Results:White matter tracts in the genu, body, and splenium did not differ in diffusivity properties between youth with a history of concussion and those with a history of OI. No significant group differences were found in subdivisions of the genu and splenium after correcting for multiple comparisons. Diffusion metrics did not significantly correlate with symptom reports or cognitive performance.Conclusions:These findings suggest that at approximately 2.5 years post-injury, youth with prior concussion do not have differences in their corpus callosum microstructure compared to youth with OI. Although these results are promising from the perspective of long-term recovery, further research utilizing longitudinal study designs is needed to confirm the long-term effects of pediatric concussion on white matter microstructure.
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Ovchinnikov, Dmitrii V. "History and continuity of the first therapeutic departments at the Military Medical Academy." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 24, no. 1 (April 20, 2022): 139–250. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma99838.
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The problem of the lack of a statute on the creation of the medicalSurgical Academy arises every time the authors start discussing the history of the medicalSurgical Academy or its subdivisions. There are also misunderstandings in the issue of internal medicine teaching and creation of therapeutic departments. The contents of several historical and archival documents and earlier publications about the period of formation and development of the first therapeutic departments of the Academy (the last third of the 18th to the first half of the 19th century) were clarified. The article also analyzed the general anniversary editions of the academy, dissertations defended on the history of the departments, historical collections, and documents published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, stored in the archives (Central State Archive of Ancient Acts, Russian State Archive of the Navy, etc.). The teaching of internal medicine started in October 1767 by F.T. Tikhorsky. From 1786, P. Hoffman continued to teach pathology, therapy, and medical practice at the Chief medical School. G.I. Bazilevich was appointed the second professor of pathology and therapy at the MedicoSurgical School. I.A. Smelovsky became the first professor after the college was renamed into academy. I.P. Frank, who created the second therapeutic department, started a direct historical branch of the therapeutic department until 1931, when the Department of the Private Pathology and Therapy merged with the united therapeutic department, and the Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases emerged from it. From 1848 to 1924, the Department of General Therapy, attached to the first department, existed. In 1806, thanks to I.P. Frank, the second therapeutic department was founded, which existed since 1810 and is now the Department of General Therapy. Initially created as the Department of Hospital Therapy Clinic and renamed in 1965 at the insistence of N.S. Molchanov into the Department of Therapeutic Advancement of Physicians № 1 was actually created by the Decree of January 19th, 1842, simultaneously with the appointment of its first full-time head Prof. O.I. Myanovsky.
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Gagneux, Pascal, M. Katherine Gonder, Tony L. Goldberg, and Phillip A. Morin. "Gene flow in wild chimpanzee populations: what genetic data tell us about chimpanzee movement over space and time." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 356, no. 1410 (June 29, 2001): 889–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2001.0865.
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The isolation of phylogenetically distinct primate immunodeficiency viruses from at least seven wild–born, captive chimpanzees indicates that viruses closely related to HIV–1 may be endemic in some wild chimpanzee populations. The search for the chimpanzee population or populations harbouring these viruses is therefore on. This paper attempts to answer the question of whether or not such populations of chimpanzees are likely to exist at all, and, if so, where they are likely to be found. We summarize what is known about gene flow in wild populations of chimpanzees, both between major phylogeographical subdivisions of the species, and within these subdivisions. Our analysis indicates that hitherto undocumented reproductively isolated chimpanzee populations may in fact exist. This conclusion is based on the observation that, despite limited geographical sampling and limited numbers of genetic loci, conventional notions of the nature and extent of chimpanzee gene flow have recently been substantially revised. Molecular genetic studies using mitochondrial DNA sequences and hypervariable nuclear microsatellite markers have indicated the existence of heretofore undocumented barriers to chimpanzee gene flow. These studies have identified at least one population of chimpanzees genetically distinct enough to be classified into a new subspecies ( Pan troglodytes vellerosus ). At the same time, they have called into question the long–accepted genetic distinction between eastern chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) and western equatorial chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes troglodytes ). The same studies have further indicated that gene flow between local populations is more extensive than was previously thought, and follows patterns sometimes inconsistent with those documented through direct behavioural observation. Given the apparently incomplete nature of the current understanding of chimpanzee gene flow in equatorial Africa, it seems reasonable to speculate that a chimpanzee population or populations may exist which both harbour the putative HIV–1 ancestor, and which have remained reproductively isolated from other chimpanzee populations over the time–scale relevant to the evolution of the SIVcpz–HIV–1 complex of viruses. Continued extensive sampling of wild chimpanzee populations, both for their genes and their viruses, should be performed quickly considering the high probability of extinction that many wild chimpanzee populations face today. The history of human–chimpanzee contacts is discussed.
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Zanina, Tatyana M., and Alina S. Radzhabova. "Peculiarities of Exercising of Powers in the Private Security Sphere by Subdivisions of Licensing and Permitting Work of the Federal National Guard Troops Service." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 24, 2022): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-2-41-44.
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This article discusses the powers of the licensing and licensing work units, highlights the main activities of the Rosgvardiya in the field of regulation of private security activities, and also analyzes them on the example of the Center for Licensing and Licensing Work of the Rosgvardiya Department for the Republic of Dagestan.
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Chaichoompu, Kridsadakorn, Fentaw Abegaz, Bruno Cavadas, Verónica Fernandes, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Luísa Pereira, and Kristel Van Steen. "A different view on fine-scale population structure in Western African populations." Human Genetics 139, no. 1 (October 19, 2019): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00439-019-02069-7.
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Abstract Due to its long genetic evolutionary history, Africans exhibit more genetic variation than any other population in the world. Their genetic diversity further lends itself to subdivisions of Africans into groups of individuals with a genetic similarity of varying degrees of granularity. It remains challenging to detect fine-scale structure in a computationally efficient and meaningful way. In this paper, we present a proof-of-concept of a novel fine-scale population structure detection tool with Western African samples. These samples consist of 1396 individuals from 25 ethnic groups (two groups are African American descendants). The strategy is based on a recently developed tool called IPCAPS. IPCAPS, or Iterative Pruning to CApture Population Structure, is a genetic divisive clustering strategy that enhances iterative pruning PCA, is robust to outliers and does not require a priori computation of haplotypes. Our strategy identified in total 12 groups and 6 groups were revealed as fine-scale structure detected in the samples from Cameroon, Gambia, Mali, Southwest USA, and Barbados. Our finding helped to explain evolutionary processes in the analyzed West African samples and raise awareness for fine-scale structure resolution when conducting genome-wide association and interaction studies.
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Kolyada, Alexander S., Alexander N. Belov, Natalia V. Repsh, and Svetlana A. Berseneva. "FOR THE 105th ANNIVERSARY OF THE SOUTH USSURIYSK BRANCH OF THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY." Vestnik Chuvashskogo universiteta, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/1810-1909-2022-2-56-62.
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In 1916, the South Ussuriysk branch of the Amur Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society was created in the city of Nikolsk-Ussuriysk. It was a public organization whose main task was to study the natural resources of the south of the Far East (Ussuriysk Territory). The branch became the first scientific organization in Primorye which carried out scientific research work and published its results («Izvestia», «Notes», scientific articles and monographs). South Ussuriysk branch specialized in studying the flora of the Far Eastern region. The need to find funds for scientific research led to the creation of economic and commercial structures – Factory of educational materials, an agricultural farm, a silk station, etc. The branch became one of the organizers of the First Congress on the study of the Ussuri region in natural history (1922). In 1929, due to duplication in research, the department was reorganized – scientific departments moved to the Far Eastern Regional Research Institute as a branch, economic departments – to various state structures. The branch had been the part of the institute until the beginning of 1932, later the Gornotezhnaya station was created on the basis of its scientific subdivisions, which in the same year became part of the Far Eastern branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
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Dodson, Julian J., and Frédéric Lecomte. "A DNA Barcode-Based Evaluation of the Southeast Asian Catfish Genus Hemibagrus Bleeker, 1862 (Teleostei: Siluriformes; Bagridae)." Advances in Evolutionary Biology 2015 (February 5, 2015): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/490158.
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Species of the genus Hemibagrus are large river catfishes found throughout South-east Asia. The complexity of the region’s biogeographical history and the lack of well-defined morphological characters render the taxonomy and phylogenetic reconstruction of Hemibagrus problematical. Early molecular studies of the H. nemurus species group revealed extensive genetic subdivisions, the taxonomic status of which remained unclear. A recent, morphologically-based, revision of the genus provides an opportunity to clarify the taxonomic status of these lineages. We employ a DNA barcode derived from the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to expand our genetic analyses of the genus and to test the congruence of morphologically and genetically based taxonomies. Secondly, we evaluate phylogenetic relationships among taxa. Thirdly, we describe the phylogeography of Hemibagrus in South-east Asia. The species groups and nominal species proposed in the morphology-based revision generally reflect a hierarchy of monophyletic groups based on phenetic and maximum likelihood reconstructions of mtDNA phylogenies. The most notable exception involves the definition of a morphologically cryptic group from North Borneo. H. nemurus from West Java appears to be a regional population of H. capitulum. The phylogeography of the genus has been principally influenced by the formation of North Borneo and the emergence of the Sunda Islands.
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Teo, Thomas. "From Psychological Science to the Psychological Humanities: Building a General Theory of Subjectivity." Review of General Psychology 21, no. 4 (December 2017): 281–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000132.
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The development of psychology as a science and the struggle for scientific recognition has disrupted the need to interrogate the discipline and the profession from the perspective of the humanities, the arts, and the concept-driven social sciences. This article suggests that some of the humanities contribute significantly to an understanding of human subjectivity, arguably a core topic within psychology. The article outlines the relevance of the psychological humanities by reclaiming subjectivity as a core topic for general psychology that is grounded in theoretical reconstruction, integration, and advancement. The argument relies on a variety of disciplines to achieve a deeper understanding of subjectivity: Philosophy provides conceptual clarifications and guidelines for integrating research on subjectivity; history reconstructs the movement of subjectivity and its subdivisions; political and social theories debate the process of subjectification; indigenous, cultural, and postcolonial studies show that Western theories of subjectivity cannot be applied habitually to contexts outside of the center; the arts corroborate the idea that subjective imagination is core to the aesthetic project; and science and technology studies point to recent developments in genetic science and information technology, advances that necessitate the consideration of significant changes in subjectivity. The implications of the psychological humanities as an important, justifiable tradition in psychology and for a general theory of subjectivity are discussed.
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Chumachenko, Olha. "Scientific and research work of Zaporizhzhia aircraft engine builders in the 1970’s." History of science and technology 11, no. 1 (June 26, 2021): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2021-11-1-10-25.
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On the basis of a wide base of sources, the article highlights and analyzes the development of research work of aircraft engine companies in Zaporizhzhia during the 1970s. The existence of a single system of functioning of the Zaporizhzhia production association “Motorobudivnyk” (now the Public Joint Stock Company “Motor Sich”) and the Zaporizhzhia Machine-Building Design Bureau “Progress” (now the State Enterprise “Ivchenko – Progress”) is taken into account. The directions of research work that were peculiar to the specified period are established. These were inventive activities, development of technological processes, increasing the reliability and durability of gas turbine engines, automation and mechanization of production, cooperation with industry firms in other countries, and cooperation with research institutions. The development of a scientific-theoretical and technical basis for the production of aircraft engines is comprehensively assessed. Its dependence on structural subdivisions, which at the aircraft engine enterprises were the department of scientific and technical information, the Information and Computing Center, the department of patenting, innovation and invention of the plant, was determined. They were engaged in the accumulation, generalization and dissemination among specialists of their own and borrowed experience of both past and present. The activity of the scientific and technical council, which included leading specialists of Zaporizhia aircraft engine companies, was monitored. Factors that contributed to the revival of research in the second half of the 1970’s were identified. Among them, the leading place belongs to the creation and production of D-36 and D-18T aircraft engines. The design advantages of these engines are described. Some shortcomings and miscalculations made during their design are taken into account. Methods and measures aimed at overcoming the difficulties associated with the design, manufacture, operation and repair of aircraft engines are summarized. The research is based on the following methods: actualization, comparative-historical, problem-chronological, multifactor analysis, principles of historicism and objectivity.