Relevant bibliographies by topics / History of subdivisions

Academic literature on the topic 'History of subdivisions'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 23 September 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "History of subdivisions"

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Tsukanov, Nikolay N. "The International Scientific and Practical Seminar Dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of the Establishment of Subdivisions for Control over the Circulation of Narcotic Drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia." Administrative law and procedure 2 (February 24, 2022): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2071-1166-2022-2-86-88.

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On December 6, 1991, there was established the Bureau for Control over Illegal Circulation of Narcotic Drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR as an independent structural subdivision of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. In 2021, there was the 30th anniversary of the establishment of subdivisions for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In view of that, the Siberian Law Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia has prepared and held an international scientific and practical seminar to review the issues reflecting historical aspects of functioning of subdivisions of internal affairs agencies for control over the circulation of narcotic drugs and related to the relevant problems of drug threat combating at the modern stage.
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Zwahlen, RogerArthur, Kurt-W. Bütow, JeanA Morkel, and Sharan Naidoo. "Pierre Robin sequence: Subdivision, data, theories, and treatment - Part 1: History, subdivisions, and data." Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 6, no. 1 (2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2231-0746.186133.

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Shakirov, Shukhratjon. "Units Of Psychological Operations: History Of Creation And Modern Trends." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 02, no. 11 (November 28, 2020): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume02issue11-25.

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The article deals with the creation of subdivisions of psychological operations in different historical epochs of time, trends in their development, the use of various forms and methods, along with the formation of the theory of psychological operations itself, as well as their role and place in the achievement of individual societies and states of their own goals and objectives.
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Christensen, Ellen, and Carolyn S. Loeb. "Entrepreneurial Vernacular: Developers' Subdivisions in the 1920s." Michigan Historical Review 29, no. 1 (2003): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20174017.

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Chernyavskiy, S. I. "MGIMO(U) School of Post Soviet Studies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 4(25) (August 28, 2012): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2012-4-25-143-146.

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Manger, Paul, Monika Sum, Michael Szymanski, Sam Ridgway, and Leah Krubitzer. "Modular Subdivisions of Dolphin Insular Cortex: Does Evolutionary History Repeat Itself?" Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 2 (March 1998): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998562627.

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The structural organization of the insular cortex in the bottlenose dolphin was investigated by examining Nissl- and myelin-stained tissue that was sectioned coronally and tangentially. An uneven distribution of cell clusters that coincided with myelin-light zones was observed in layer II. When the present observations were compared to descriptions of modules in other animals, we found that the range of module size is restricted, while the size of the brain, particularly the neocortex, varies dramatically. Indeed, despite the tremendous expansion of the cetacean neocortex, the size of the modules in the insular cortex is similar to that described for small-brained mammals like the mouse, suggesting that module size is evolutionarily stable across species. Selection for optimal-size processing units, in terms of the lengths of connections within and between them, is a likely source of this stability.
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Іван Васильович Ковальчук. "FORMING THE LOCAL AUXILIARY POLICE AND ENGAGING ITS SUBDIVISIONS IN PUNITIVE OPERATIONS OF NAZI INVADERS ON THE TERRITORY OF ZHYTOMYR REGION IN 1941." Intermarum history policy culture, no. 5 (January 1, 2018): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111816.

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The article considers the process of the Ukrainian local police formation within the structure of the auxiliary Ukrainian administration. It was determined that both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists had taken an active part in the process. The members of their march units arrived in Zhytomyr region. During the period of military administration the Nazi occupation authority specified the number of military personnel, the main functions and direct reporting relationship of the Ukrainian auxiliary police. Originally, the given formation was qualified as the public organization subordinated to the local authorities, however, commandant's offices could engage it to perform their tasks. Its aggregate number could not exceed 1% of the population of a specific populated locality. The main function of the auxiliary police was to tackle crime and protect different objects. In its arsenal, the police had the captured Soviet rifles and a set of 5 cartridges for each one. Within a short period of time the whole network of the auxiliary police was established on the territory of Zhytomyr region. It consisted of country commands, district, municipal and regional divisions.Among the governing bodies and municipal police, for example, in Zhytomyr city, there were many of those who came from Western Ukraine and political immigrants from Western Europe who arrived on the territory occupied by Nazi after the beginning of the Soviet-German war. Nevertheless, after some time the occupation authorities at first resorted to a dissolution of the Ukrainian auxiliary police formations, and then it was re-structured and staffed according to new plans and Nazi perspective. In that format the Ukrainian auxiliary police were fully deprived of both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists influence, imbedded into the occupation structure and had to carry out the dirty work Nazi could not do because of lack of human resources and means. Since that time Nazi occupation authorities engaged officials from different divisions and departments of the local auxiliary police in their punitive actions against the local population, in particular in a genocide of specific ethnic groups.
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Avornic, Gheorghe, Violeta Cojocaru, and Iulian Moraru. "History of codification of private law in the Republic of Moldova." Supremacy of Law, no. 1 (September 2021): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/2345-1971.2021.1.01.

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The division of the entire system of law into public law and private law comes from ancient times, which we have referred to in several previous personal publications. In this article we will analyze the evolution of private law in the Republic of Moldova. Private law constitutes one of the fundamental subdivisions of the science of law as a whole. At the level of the Republic of Moldova, the subdivision in question represents a distinct specific in the context that: (i) it is stratified into numerous branches of law and (ii) it constitutes a symbiosis of several national, supranational and international private legislations that correspond to modern trends of evolution of related social relations. One of the main branches of domestic private law is civil law, namely the rules tangent to the branch of law in question regulate a considerable number of social relations varied in terms of structure and content. This article will briefly address evolutionary-historical aspects of the private law legislation of the Republic of Moldova. In particular, we will analyze the influence of the Model Civil Code of the CIS States, on the one hand, and European legislation, on the other. Historical aspects will be divided into three periods.
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Kalia, Awdhesh, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay, Giedrius Dailide, Yoshiyki Ito, Takeshi Azuma, Benjamin C. Y. Wong, and Douglas E. Berg. "Evolutionary Dynamics of Insertion Sequences in Helicobacter pylori." Journal of Bacteriology 186, no. 22 (November 15, 2004): 7508–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.186.22.7508-7520.2004.

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ABSTRACT Prokaryotic insertion sequence (IS) elements behave like parasites in terms of their ability to invade and proliferate in microbial gene pools and like symbionts when they coevolve with their bacterial hosts. Here we investigated the evolutionary history of IS605 and IS607 of Helicobacter pylori, a genetically diverse gastric pathogen. These elements contain unrelated transposase genes (orfA) and also a homolog of the Salmonella virulence gene gipA (orfB). A total of 488 East Asian, Indian, Peruvian, and Spanish isolates were screened, and 18 and 14% of them harbored IS605 and IS607, respectively. IS605 nucleotide sequence analysis (n = 42) revealed geographic subdivisions similar to those of H. pylori; the geographic subdivision was blurred, however, due in part to homologous recombination, as indicated by split decomposition and homoplasy tests (homoplasy ratio, 0.56). In contrast, the IS607 populations (n = 44) showed strong geographic subdivisions with less homologous recombination (homoplasy ratio, 0.2). Diversifying selection (ratio of nonsynonymous change to synonymous change, ≫1) was evident in ∼15% of the IS605 orfA codons analyzed but not in the IS607 orfA codons. Diversifying selection was also evident in ∼2% of the IS605 orfB and ∼10% of the IS607 orfB codons analyzed. We suggest that the evolution of these elements reflects selection for optimal transposition activity in the case of IS605 orfA and for interactions between the OrfB proteins and other cellular constituents that potentially contribute to bacterial fitness. Taken together, similarities in IS elements and H. pylori population genetic structures and evidence of adaptive evolution in IS elements suggest that there is coevolution between these elements and their bacterial hosts.
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Young, Davis. "Origin of the American quantitative igneous rock classification: Part 3." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 264–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.2.j578210v56517370.

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After evaluating two contrasting proposals, four American petrographers, Cross, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington, meeting in late March 1901, formulated a preliminary quantitative classification of igneous rocks on a chemico-mineralogical basis. The team agreed that five different mineral groups should serve as factors for subdivision of the rocks into different orders. They also defined several further categories of subdivisions and established chemical and/or mineralogical criteria for those taxonomic levels. Washington began work on appropriate nomenclature for the various subdivisions.During the ensuing month, Iddings and Washington suggested several modifications to the group proposal. After intense discussion by way of letter, the quartet struggled to work out further details of their scheme logically even as they encountered a host of difficulties in applying the scheme. Washington recognized that their preliminary scheme was too complex and impractical for use by working petrographers.To meet the challenges, Washington and Pirsson met in late April 1901 and proposed that the team abandon its scheme and substitute one based on two factors only: ‘light minerals’ rich in Si, Al, K, and Na and ‘dark minerals’ rich in Si, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Al. All four agreed in principle to the new scheme and worked feverishly on the identity of and criteria for the subdivisions. Meeting in July 1901, Iddings, Pirsson, and Washington decided that the time had come to move toward publication of a statement of principles of the new two-factor scheme. Iddings was commissioned to write a rough draft describing the scheme and Washington was charged with working on nomenclature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "History of subdivisions"

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McGeachy, Robert A. "Creating subdivisions: The land assembly program in Kingston, Ontario, 1950-1962." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7554.

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In Kingston, Ontario between 1950 and 1962, the land assembly program, which involved all three levels of the Canadian Federal system, generated nearly six hundred fully serviced lots arranged in two subdividisons named Polson Park and Calvin Park. These lots were priced specifically for the middle income market Meanwhile, the public housing program, which also involved all three levels of the Canadian Federal system, built only seventy-one low cost rental units. This total must be considered insufficient when compared to the overall demand for affordable housing. This thesis uses a case study approach to examine the dynamics, at the local level, behind the intergovernmental land assembly program. The first chapter, defines terms, examines various theoretical perspectives and provides a cross-cultural comparison between of the housing policies of Canada, Great Britain, and the United States. The succeeding chapters focus on the formation of the program at the upper echelons of the federal and provincial bureaucracies, two aborted land assembly projects in Kingston and the two successful projects. The land assembly program was very much a reflection of the Canadian socio-economic and political attitudes of the 1950's.
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Pumphrey, Clinton R. "From Sagebrush to Subdivisions: Visualizing Tourist Development in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, 1967-2002." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/393.

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Historians have long recognized the tendency of communities to embrace tourism when extractive practices like agriculture, mining, and ranching fail as a dominant economic strategy. Jackson Hole, Wyoming, is a prime example of this phenomenon in the American West. From its origins as a Mormon farming community in the late-nineteenth century, the valley evolved into an extensively developed tourist mecca by the end of the next. While this industry was initially supported by hotel-dwelling auto tourists, by the 1960s wealthy second-home buyers began to descend on Jackson Hole, buying up scenic property and constructing vacation homes. Over the next few decades these neo-natives moved to the valley by the hundreds, initiating dramatic economic, physical, and social consequences which were a direct product of the pace, pattern, and location of development. This thesis explores that relationship, making extensive use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to identify spatial themes of development in an effort to enlighten historical themes of Jackson Hole's rapidly changing landscape. On a basic level, this process presents a local history of tourist development in Jackson Hole between 1967 and 2002, documenting where development occurred and the consequences and controversy that resulted. Its greater contribution, however, is methodological. The use of GIS as a tool of historical research is still in its infancy, and this project suggests another application of the technique involving the spatial integration of historical and contemporary data. Together, these contributions create an informative and inventive examination of Jackson Hole tourism that expands the potential of historical research.
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MacDonald, Joseph Duncan. "Denominational attitudes toward the subdivision of the 1874 Protestant grant to education in Newfoundland." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ34202.pdf.

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McQuaid, Andrew. "Advice for kings : an investigation into a subdivision of early Irish wisdom literature." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8519/.

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This thesis examines a corpus of vernacular wisdom literature from early Ireland that is often referred to as tecosca ríg ‘instructions for kings’, or specula principum ‘mirrors for princes’. It reappraises some of the major theories and perceptions relating to this corpus in an effort to bring scholarly understanding up to date. The thesis begins by examining how and why modern scholars have read this corpus as wisdom literature for kings. It then looks at the development of modern theories of early Irish kingship and kingship ideology in relation to changing perceptions of vernacular literature. Special attention is paid to the concept of sacred kingship, with which this corpus been associated. Finally, this thesis examines the evidence of the tecosca against some of the major themes and debates raised in relation to the perception that these texts constitute advice for kings.
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Ditschler, Susanne. "Einschreibungen und Um-Schreibungen des Ich : Elsa Triolet und ihr Roman Le Rossignol se tait à l'aube." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070074.

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Ce travail pose la question de la relation entre écriture et vie à un texte d'un genre nouveau : l'avant-texte (les états de texte précédant un texte imprimé) permet une approche qui met en son centre, non pas l'écrit mais l'écriture, non pas le produit mais la production, non pas le définitif mais ce qui est, le temps de l'écriture, toujours en mouvement. Pour l'écrivain Elsa Triolet et son roman "Le Rossignol de l'aube" (1970), dont j'ai établi, classé et transcrit l'avant-texte, la relation entre vie et écriture se révèle particulièrement dense. Les brouillons et leur récit de genèse ont permis de répondre à des questions précises que j'ai posées à ce corpus: Quelles relations montrent les manuscrits de travail entre le sujet écrivant et le sujet d'écriture ? Comment le "je" fortement autobiographique au départ de la genèse du texte se transforme-t-il en un "je" littéraire ? Quels phénomènes et stratégies peut-on discerner dans la mise en fiction de l'autobiographique chez Elsa Triolet ? La première partie du travail dégage la relation de Triolet à l'écriture. S'ensuit une présentation de la critique génétique sous un angle historique et technique. Cette partie se termine par une discussion sur la présence de l'auteur dans ses manuscrits. Pour Triolet, nous pouvons constater le lien visiblement identitaire qu'elle tisse avec ses manuscrits. Après une présentation et une analyse brèves du texte définitif, je présente l'avant-texte dans son intégralité. Le questionnement autour de l'inscription et de la transformation de l'être s'appuie dès lors sur ce lieu intime de l'écriture qu'est le manuscrit de travail. Le chiasme entre la personne qui écrit et celle qui s'écrit s'ouvre vers une troisième personne, celle qui est écrite. Ses trois positions de sujet, toutes nourries par l'autobiographique, entrent dans une interaction significative. La subjectivité propre à Elsa Triolet considérée en tant que personne se trouve intégrée dans le futur roman parfois mot à mot, parfois avec des renversements ou des changements qui semblent tenter d'explorer un autre "possible" de l'événement vécu à travers la réalisation des "possibles du texte". Dans les dernières pages manuscrites, interrompues par la mort de l'auteur, Triolet tente de rouvrir encore une fois le déjà-écrit, refusant de se perdre dans la fixité du texte écrit. C'est néanmoins cet écrit qui nous permet de la trouver
This work is questioning the relation between writing and life in a new way because of a new object of text : the so called avant-texte (foretext), that is all the notes, plans and drafts preceding the edited text. The centre of interest is the writing, not the written, the process, not the result, the movement, not the definitive. For the author Elsa Triolet and her novel "Le Rossignol se taît à l'aube" the relation between life and writing is particularly dense. The set up of the foretext, consisting in classifying and transcribing the whole material, permits to answer the questions guiding these work : which relation exists in the manuscripts between the writing subject and the subject of writing ? How operates the transformation of the autobiographic subject in a literary subject ? Which strategy do we find in the fictionalisation of the autobiographic material ? After a presentation of the relation of Triolet to her own writing, we discover the genetic criticism in a historical and structural view. The link to the author is the identifying attitude which Triolet shows. Then follows the exact material description of the foretext. The inscription and transformation of the being of Triolet find the bases in this intimate place which is the manuscript. This work points out the complex relation of the writing person and the person who is writing itself. The writing process generates a third person, who is written. These three positions of subject interact in writing. Triolet tries to explore other possibilities of what she has been and wants to be in creating different possibilities of text. Even in the last pages of the foretext (which remains non-edited pages because of the death of the author) Triolet rewrites what has just been finished for the novel, like if she refuses to lose herself in the fixation of the written text. It's nevertheless this text which allows to find her
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Duvette, Charlotte. "Les transformations de Paris étudiées à travers l'évolution de la maison urbaine de 1780 à 1810 : projets, publications et réalité bâtie." Thesis, Paris 1, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA01H001.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est de repenser la relation entre l’évolution du tissu urbain parisien et une forme d’architecture domestique mal connue : la maison urbaine. Il ne s’agit pas de revenir sur la genèse de cet habitat, mais de questionner sont état à un moment précis : 1780-1810. Cette étude contribue à faire connaître des praticiens oubliés, à faire émerger les pratiques constructives les plus répandues, ou encore à démêler le lien entre l’image des maisons publiées et leur réalité bâtie. Les lotissements engagés à la fin de l’Ancien Régime sont davantage considérés pour leur remplissage à travers le procédé du sous-lotissement et les petites transactions qui s’en suivirent. Les architectes déjà célèbres en leur temps sont étudiés au regard du pendant le moins visible de leur production. Celle de leurs confrères est observée sur un pied d’égalité, en partant du principe qu’un Michel Duval ou qu’un Guireaud de Talairac produisait des ensembles aussi intéressants que la triade Bélanger, Brongniart et Ledoux. Les caractéristiques de ces maisons urbaines protéiformes émergent de l’analyse du corpus réuni – à l’image des terrasses aménagées en jardin – et illustrent les capacités d’adaptations des maîtres d’œuvre. La prolifération d’images et de commentaires dont elles sont l’objet permettent de saisir la place qu’occupaient ces demeures non plus dans la ville, mais dans l’espace public. Ce travail favorise la réévaluation de cas d’études tantôt inconnus, tantôt lacunaires, à l’aune d’une mise en contexte nouvelle
This thesis rethinks the relationship between the Parisian urban fabric and a lesser known form of architecture – the urban housing - that evolved between 1780 and 1810. This work sheds new light on forgotten practitioners, distinguishes the most widespread building practices and untangles the ties between the published images of houses and the realized buildings. The study observes the filling and densifying of the district divisions (lotissement) through subdivision (souslotissement) and their respective small real-estate transactions, that started at the end of the Ancien Régime. Renowned architects of those times were studied through the less visible part of their production, and their not so well known colleagues were treated as their equals, assuming that Michel Duval or Guireaud de Talairac produced buildings as appealing as the triad of Bélanger, Brongniart and Ledoux. The corpus study highlights the characteristics of these protean urban houses – such as terraces laid out as gardens and illustrate the adaptability of the architects. The abundance of pictures and commentaries on these buildings allows us to grasp the importance of these residences not only in the city but in the public space. This work fosters the re-evaluation of the unknown, understudied urban spaces, viewing them in a new perspective
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Whiting, Thomas H. "A study of the lithology and structure of the eastern Arunta Inlier based on aeromagnetic interpretation : a lithological subdivision and structural history of the eastern Arunta Inlier, with particular emphasis on the relationship between magnetic mineral petrogenesis, rock magnetism and aeromagnetic signature /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw6125.pdf.

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Launay, Yann. "Les lotissements d'Orléans et la formation d'une périphérie urbaine (1875-1958) : processus d'extension, formes et règlements." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2013.

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La formation de la périphérie urbaine d’Orléans des années 1870 à l’après-guerre, étudiée à partir d’une échelle d’analyse particulière, le lotissement, constitue le sujet central de cette thèse. L’analyse des processus d’extension resitue plus largement les lotissements dans la ville. Elle montre d’abord les relations étroites qu’ils entretiennent avec le quartier Dunois, aménagé en 1879-1880. Si les Plans d’aménagement, d’embellissement et d’extension (loi Cornudet, 1919), ont peu d’impact sur la construction des lotissements, ces derniers témoignent, à des degrés divers, de la mise en oeuvre du Projet de reconstruction et d’aménagement de la commune (1949). La compréhension du cadre réglementaire et juridique permet d’éclairer la politique d’aménagement de voirie municipale et les projets de lotissement sur une longue durée. Elle nous renseigne également sur la constitution du paysage urbain. Cette étude offre ainsi de nouvelles clés de lecture du territoire orléanais, en nous informant non seulement sur les acteurs et leurs pratiques, mais également sur les formes urbaines et architecturales que ces hommes ont générées
This dissertation focuses on the urbanization of Orléans’ (France) outskirts, from the 1870s to the post-war period, studied from a special analysis of scale, i.e. subdivisions. Analysis of mechanisms and forms of urban extension situates subdivisions in the city on a wider scale. It first enhances the close relationship that subdivisions have with the quartier Dunois that was planned in 1879-1880. In 1919, a French town-planning law named “Cornudet Act” was established. It appears that it had little impact on the construction of subdivisions. In fact, it is the implementation of town-planning for reconstruction and rehabilitation in 1949 that showed more its influence on the construction of subdivisions. Understanding the regulatory and legal framework can illuminate road system rehabilitation policy of the city and subdivision projects on a long-term perspective. It highlights the creation of urban landscape as well. This study provides new keys to understand Orléans’ territory: not only does it accounts for the actors’ roles and their practices, but it also provides new insights into urban and architectural forms that these people generated
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Books on the topic "History of subdivisions"

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The Aramaic language, its distribution and subdivisions. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1986.

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Sacred subdivisions: The postsuburban transformation of American evangelicalism. New York: New York University Press, 2012.

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Jensen, L. E. Fauerholdt. Mark guld: Mark jord-leding : jordinddeling i Danmark 1200-1340. Aalborg: Aalborg Universitetsforlag, 1991.

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Jana, Anil Kumar. Quit India movement in Bengal: A study of Contai Subdivision. Delhi: Indian Publishers' Distributors, 1996.

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Archer, R. W. Provision of urban infrastructure through land subdivision controls in Thailand. Bangkok, Thailand: Urban Land Program, Human Settlements Division, Asian Institute of Technology, 1991.

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Reparto agrario en Ahualulco y Mexquitic, S.L.P.: El caso de la hacienda La Parada, 1921-1940. San Luis Potosí: Editorial Ponciano Arriaga, 2011.

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Dayton, Gregory D. R. The all-time program rankings for college football's bowl subdivision, 1869-2007. [United States?]: Xlibris, 2008.

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Kusov, V. S. Zemli Moskovskoĭ gubernii v XVIII veke: Karty uezdov, opisanii︠a︡ zemlevladeniĭ. Moskva: Moskovii︠a︡, 2004.

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Aguilar, José Fernando Alcaide. La hacienda "Ciénega de Mata" de los Rincón Gallardo: Un modelo excepcional de latifundio novohispano durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. Sevilla: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Escuela de Estudios Hispano-Americanos, 2004.

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Serrano, Jesús Gómez. Ciénaga de Mata: Desarrollo y ocaso de la propiedad vinculada en México. [Aguascalientes]: Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "History of subdivisions"

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Fitz-Wigram, Loftus. "Limited Liability Made Practical. Reduction of Capital of Companies and The Subdivision of Shares." In The History of Corporate Finance, 205–27. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003074199-12.

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Bartlett, John G., Robert R. Redfield, and Paul A. Pham. "Natural History and Classification." In Bartlett's Medical Management of HIV Infection, 1–12. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190924775.003.0001.

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Classification of the natural history of untreated HIV infection into discrete disease stages helped to optimize the treatment approach to those infected with HIV. Due to the advancements in antiretroviral treatment and current treatment recommendations some of the subdivisions of chronic HIV infection are now seemingly more of historical than clinical value, but the clinically important stages are discussed in further detail in this chapter. It is important to note that although antiretroviral therapy has completely changed the disease course of HIV and altered the relevance of some of the disease stages there remains a gap in the life expectancy of treated HIV-infected individuals compared to uninfected controls in the general population. This chapter defines the various stages of HIV, beginning with primary HIV infection before moving onto chronic HIV infection and its complications. The diagnosis and staging of HIV is also discussed in detail, allowing it to be looked at from both clinical and research perspectives.
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Val, Pedro, Jorge Figueiredo, Gustavo Melo, Suzette Flantua, Carlos Alberto Quesada, Ying Fan Reinfelder, James S. Albert, Juan Manuel Guayasamin, and Carina Hoorn. "Chapter 1: Geology and geodiversity of the Amazon: Three billion years of history." In Amazon Assessment Report 2021. UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55161/pofe6241.

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This chapter explores how geodiversity evolved over three billion years of history. It shows that periods of continental breakup followed by mountain building ultimately led to the fundamental physiographic subdivisions of the Amazon, and a wealth of landscapes, soils, ore deposits, oil and gas reserves, and freshwater aquifers. Data on the Amazon’s geodiversity support a central theme of the environmental sciences, that the formation of most natural resources (like rare-earth ores, hydrocarbons, freshwater aquifers, and fertile soils) requires natural processes to operate undisturbed over immense periods of geological time and across broad spatial domains.
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Wilson, Charles Reagan. "Introduction." In The American South, 1–6. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199943517.003.0001.

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The ‘Introduction’ provides an overview of the American South. Its early history illuminates the expansion of Europe into the New World, creating a colonial, plantation, slave society that made it different from other parts of the United States. Two broad geographical subdivisions anchor what became known as “the South”: an Uplands and a Lowlands. Ultimately, speaking of the South brings attention to the importance of regionalism in American history. Atlanta Olympics refurbished the South’s claim to a special southern hospitality, epitomizing such themes as race relations, economic development, and cultural expression that figure prominently in the larger story of the American South.
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Freilich, Robert H., and Michael M. Shultz. "The History of Subdivision Regulations." In Model Subdivision Regulations, 1–13. Routledge, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351179089-1.

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Hawkes, Christopher H., Kapil D. Sethi, and Thomas R. Swift. "Movement Disorders." In Instant Neurological Diagnosis, 199–248. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199361953.003.0008.

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This chapter deals with classic Parkinson’s disease and the main variants such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, and the corticobasal syndrome. Diagnostic clues from the history, such as prodromal features and symptoms occurring during the established disease phase are described, as well as features apparent on examination. Details are provided on chorea, in particular Huntington’s disease, chorea-acanthocytosis, McLeod syndrome, Sydenham’s chorea and Wilson’s disease The main varieties of tremor are described, likewise neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. Other sections discuss tics, restless legs syndrome, periodic movements of sleep, painful legs and moving toes. Several diagnostic clues are given for dystonia and its subdivisions, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, gait disorders, paroxysmal dyskinesias, stereotypies, psychogenic movement disorders, and myoclonus.
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Kamali, Mohammad Hashim. "Shariah." In Shariah and the Halal Industry, 17–25. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538616.003.0002.

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In addition to a concise review of the meaning and definition of shariah, the chapter introduces the sources of shariah, including the two main types of revealed and rational sources and their subdivisions. The history of shariah (“the way to the watering place,” or “the path to correct guidance, salvation, and relief”) is occupied with scholastic developments and the embodiment of what became known as fiqh, which consists mainly of the practical rules of Islamic law that regulate the daily lives of Muslims. Shariah is a broad concept that is not confined to legal rules but comprises the totality of guidance that God Most High has revealed to humankind, pertaining to the dogma of Islam, its moral values, and its practical legal rules.
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Southgate, Emily W. B. Russell. "Patterns of Human Settlement and Industrialization." In People and the Land through Time, 150–72. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300225808.003.0009.

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This chapter treats a variety of human interactions with the land that trace their origins more to political and commercial drivers rather than directly to geology, topography, soils and local biota. Examples of land subdivisions are taken mostly from the United States, which illustrates a variety of land-use patterns that result from property surveys. Land hunger and government policies have also contributed to wars, which have altered landscapes. These have characterized the history of most parts of the world, having major repercussions on the environment as well as on people. Examples range over time and space. Industrialization increased the ability of people to travel and thus trade quickly over long distances thus intensifying and extending the impact of humans on the land, especially as industrialization further separated local land use from resource protection. Cities have flourished, often along trade routes, perhaps even before the development of agriculture Some all but disappeared, but all have had both local and regional effects on the land. Examples are discussed of effects both within cities today and resulting from cities that no longer exist.
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Graham, Alan. "Setting the Goal: Modern Vegetation of North America Composition and Arrangement of Principal Plant Formations." In Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic History of North American Vegetation (North of Mexico). Oxford University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195113426.003.0004.

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Vegetation is the plant cover of a region, which usually refers to the potential natural vegetation prior to any intensive human disturbance. The description of vegetation for an extensive area involves the recognition and characterization of units called formations, which are named with reference to composition (e.g., coniferous), aspect of habit (deciduous), distribution (western North America), and climate, either directly (tropical) or indirectly (tundra). Further subdivisions are termed associations or series, such as the beech-maple association or series within the deciduous forest formation. Formations and associations constitute a convenient organizational framework for considering the development of vegetation through Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic time. For this purpose seven extant plant formations are recognized for North America: (1) tundra, (2) coniferous forest, (3) deciduous forest, (4) grassland, (5) shrubland/chaparral- woodland- savanna, (6) desert, and (7) elements of a tropical formation. Several summaries are available for the modern vegetation of North America, including Barbour and Billings (1988), Barbour and Christensen, Kuchler (1964), and Vankat (1979). The following discussions are based primarily on these surveys. Tundra (Fig. 1.2) is a treeless vegetation dominated by shrubs and herbs, and it is characteristic of the cold climates of polar regions (Arctic tundra) and high-altitude regions (alpine tundra). In the Arctic tundra a few isolated trees or small stands may occur locally, such as Picea glauca (white spruce), but these are always in protected habitats. The Arctic region experiences nearly continuous darkness in midwinter, and nearly continuous daylight in midsummer. There is a short growing season of only 6-24 weeks; this accounts, in part, for the fact that 98% of all Arctic tundra plants are perennials (Vankat, 1979). Strong winds are another feature of the Arctic landscape, often exceeding 65 km/h for 24 h or more. They likely account for the frequency of rosettes, persistent dead leaves, and the cushion growth form, in the center of which wind velocities may be reduced by 90%. The harsh growing conditions also result in leaves of the microphyllous size class being comparable to those of desert plants. Vegetative reproduction and self-pollination is common, and phenotypic plasticity is high among Arctic tundra plants.
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Lee, P. J. "Evaluation Models." In Statistical Methods for Estimating Petroleum Resources, edited by Jo Anne DeGraffenreid. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195331905.003.0008.

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The initial step in the evaluation of any petroleum resource is the identification of an appropriate geological population that can be delineated through subsurface study or basin analysis. A geological population represents a natural population and possesses a group of pools and/or prospects sharing common petroleum habitats. A natural population can be a single sedimentation model, structural style, type of trapping mechanism or geometry, tectonic cycle, stratigraphic sequence, or any combination of these criteria. Reasons for adopting these criteria in the definition of a geological model are the following: • The geological population will be defined clearly and its associated resource can readily be estimated. • Geologists can adopt known play data for future comparative geological studies. • Geological variables of a natural population can be described by probability distributions (e.g., the lognormal distribution). Statistical concepts such as the superpopulation concept can be applied to geological models so that, for specific plays, an estimate of undiscovered pool sizes can be made. Figure 2.1 illustrates various sedimentary environments (tidal flat, lagoon, beach, and patch reef) that can be used as geological models in resource evaluation. Each of these models has its own distinguishing characteristics of source, reservoir, trapping mechanism, burial and thermal history of source beds, and migration pathway. In resource evaluation, to ensure the integrity of statistical analysis, each of these should be treated as a separate, natural population. Therefore, the logical steps in describing a play are (1) identify a single sedimentation model and (2) examine subsequent geological processes. Geological processes such as faulting, erosion, folding, diagenesis, biodegradation, thermal history of source rocks, and migration history might provide a basis for further subdivisions of the model. In some cases, two or more populations might be considered mistakenly as a single population because of a lack of understanding of the subsurface geology. If the resulting mixed population were to have two or more modes in its distribution, this could have an impact on resource evaluation results.
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Conference papers on the topic "History of subdivisions"

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Lonsdale, Cameron, Allen Bieber, and Michael Burshtin. "ASME Rail Transportation Division’s Historical Mechanical Engineering Landmarks: Preserving History and Heritage for the Future." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4730.

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The ASME Rail Transportation Division (RTD), founded in 1920 as the Railroad Division, is one of the oldest and most active of ASME’s 37 Divisions and Subdivisions. Today RTD promotes the engineering profession within the railway industry, and holds two technical conferences per year. A wide variety of topics are covered at the conferences including subjects related to freight, passenger and locomotive operations and maintenance, infrastructure improvements, mechanical components, and safety research. ASME RTD also has a program for designating historical mechanical engineering Landmarks within the railway industry. This paper briefly outlines the overall scope and purpose of the ASME Landmarks program. The paper then describes the many existing ASME Historical Mechanical Engineering Landmarks related to the railway industry, such as the Pennsylvania Railroad GG1 electric locomotive, the Manitou and Pikes Peak Cog Railway in Colorado, and the Norfolk and Western 611 Class J steam locomotive. The authors discuss potential railway industry additions to the RTD Landmarks list, and review potential ways to conduct the Landmark selection process for the future.
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Tommei, Constanza Inés, and Irene María Noceti. "Las trasformaciones a través de ventanas territoriales: Quebrada de Humahuaca, Jujuy." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5927.

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El trabajo ensaya el redibujo, construcción y análisis de nuevas cartografías y esquemas interpretativos de algunas ventanas territoriales, en varia escalas de acercamiento, para ciertos centros urbanos de la Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) como un instrumento de conocimiento. En este sentido, esta investigación busca interpretar los procesos morfológicos de transformación de las últimas décadas, en relación a la crisis económica de la Argentina de principios del siglo XXI, la declaratoria de la Quebrada de Humahuaca como Patrimonio de la Humanidad (UNESCO, 2003) y la promoción turística nacional, entre otros acontecimientos que han modificado las lógicas locales. Para esto, estudia los cambios y permanencias en el espacio construido y los distintos tipos de desarrollo urbano –agregación de nuevas manzanas, anexión de nuevos barrios y loteos discontinuos a la mancha urbana o densificación gradual de los usos urbanos, rurales y rururbanos, entre otros- a la luz de la historia reciente de la Quebrada. The paper works on the redraw, construction and analysis of new maps and interpretations in some territorials windows, in various scales, for few urban centers of the Quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina) as an instrument of knowledge. In this sense, this research is looking to understand the morphological processes of transformation in recent decades, in relation to the economic crisis in Argentina at the beginning of the XXI century, the declaration of the Quebrada de Humahuaca as a World Heritage Site (UNESCO, 2003) and national tourism promotion, among other events that have changed the local’s logics. For this, study the changes and continuities in the territory and the types of urban development -adding new blocks, annexation of new neighborhoods and subdivisions in the urban discontinuous or gradual densification of urban, rural and rururban, among others- knowing the recent history of the Quebrada.
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Harris, Stuart A. "The Subdivision, Dynamics, and History of the Late Wisconsin Cold Event in Northeast Asia and Northern North America during the Last 75 ka B.P." In 18th International Conference on Cold Regions Engineering and 8th Canadian Permafrost Conference. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784482599.066.

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Douglas, S. Caleb, and Tyrel G. Wilson. "Integrated Emergency Construction and Engineering Response to 2013 Colorado Storm Damage." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5686.

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Union Pacific Railroad’s Moffat Tunnel Subdivision, west of Denver, Colorado, was significantly impacted by an approximately 500 to 1,000 year storm event that occurred between September 9, 2013 and September 13, 2013. As a result of this historic event, washouts, earth slides, and debris flows severely impacted track infrastructure by eroding track embankments, destabilizing surrounding native slopes, and overwhelming stormwater infrastructure. Emergency response activities performed to restore track operations at Milepost (MP) 25.65 and MP 22.86 required the integration of civil, hydraulic, environmental and geotechnical engineering disciplines into emergency response and construction management efforts. Additionally, support from UPRR’s Real Estate Division was required when addressing private ownership and site access issues. The following text summarizes how coordinated efforts between various groups worked together in a pressure setting to restore rail service. The most significant damage occurred at MP 25.65 in a mountainous slot canyon between two tunnels accessible only by rail and consisted of a washout, approximately 200 feet (61 m) in length with a depth of 100 feet (30 m). MP 22.86 experienced slides on both sides of the track resulting in an unstable and near vertical track embankment which required significant fill and rock armoring. In addition to the embankment failures at MP 22.86, flood flows scoured around the underlying creek culvert, further threatening the geotechnical stability of the track embankment. The storm event highlighted the vulnerability of fill sections, where original construction used trestles. The repair plan engineered for MP 25.65 was developed to restore the lost embankment fill to near pre-flood conditions while limiting environmental impacts in order to minimize regulatory permitting requirements. Fill replacement performed during the initial emergency response was completed within 22 days, notwithstanding site remoteness and difficult access. Repair of the embankment required the placement of approximately 90,000 cubic yards (68,800 cubic meters) of fill and installation of four 48-inch (122-cm) culverts. Repair of embankment sloughing and scour damage at MP 22.86 was accomplished without the need for environmental permits by working from above the ordinary high water mark, using a “one track in – one track out” approach while restoring infrastructure to pre-flood conditions. A new headwall to address flow around the culvert inlet received expedited permit authorization from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by limiting the construction footprint through implementation of best management practices and minimizing placement of fill below the ordinary high water mark. Service interruptions, such as those at MP 22.86 and MP 25.65, require sound engineering practices that can be quickly and efficiently implemented during emergency response situations that often occur in less than ideal working environments. Track outages not only impact the efficiency of a railroad’s operating network, but also impact interstate and global commerce as transportation of goods are hindered. The need to have a team of experienced engineering and construction professionals responding to natural disasters was demonstrated by this storm event.
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Reports on the topic "History of subdivisions"

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Genov, Ivan, Atanas Vasilev, and Nikola Botoucharov. Unification of the Seismostratigraphic Subdivisions as a Precondition to Clarifying the Recent History of the Black Sea (at the Example of Its South-westernmost part). "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2021.09.11.

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