Journal articles: 'History of geology and palaeontology'

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Clarkson, E. N. K. "A brief history of Scottish palaeontology 1834–1984." Scottish Journal of Geology 21, no. 4 (June 1985): 389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg21040389.

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Mcnamara, Kenneth, and Frances Dodds. "The Early History of Palaeontology in Western Australia: 1791-1899." Earth Sciences History 5, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 24–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.5.1.t85384660311h176.

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The exploration of the coast of Western Australia by English and French explorers in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries led to the first recorded discoveries of fossiliferous rocks in Western Australia. The first forty years of exploration and discovery of fossil sites in the State was restricted entirely to the coast of the Continent. Following the establishment of permanent settlements in the 1820s the first of the inland fossil localities were located in the 1830s, north of Albany, and north of Perth. As new land was surveyed; particularly north of Perth, principally by the Gregory brothers in the 1840s and 1850s, Palaeozoic rocks were discovered in the Perth and Carnarvon Basins. F.T. Gregory in particular developed a keen interest in the geology of the State to such an extent that he was able, at a meeting of the Geological Society of London in 1861, to present not only a geological map of part of the State, but also a suite of fossils which showed the existence of Permian and Hesozoic strata. The entire history of nineteenth century palaeontology in Western Australia was one of discovery and collection of specimens. These were studied initially by overseas naturalists, but latterly, in the 1890s by Etheridge at The Australian Museum in Sydney. Sufficient specimens had been collected and described by the turn of the century that the basic outline of the Phanerozoic geology of the sedimentary basins was reasonably well known.

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Polly, P. David, Jussi T. Eronen, Marianne Fred, Gregory P. Dietl, Volker Mosbrugger, Christoph Scheidegger, David C. Frank, John Damuth, Nils C. Stenseth, and Mikael Fortelius. "History matters: ecometrics and integrative climate change biology." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1709 (January 12, 2011): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2233.

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Climate change research is increasingly focusing on the dynamics among species, ecosystems and climates. Better data about the historical behaviours of these dynamics are urgently needed. Such data are already available from ecology, archaeology, palaeontology and geology, but their integration into climate change research is hampered by differences in their temporal and geographical scales. One productive way to unite data across scales is the study of functional morphological traits, which can form a common denominator for studying interactions between species and climate across taxa, across ecosystems, across space and through time—an approach we call ‘ecometrics’. The sampling methods that have become established in palaeontology to standardize over different scales can be synthesized with tools from community ecology and climate change biology to improve our understanding of the dynamics among species, ecosystems, climates and earth systems over time. Developing these approaches into an integrative climate change biology will help enrich our understanding of the changes our modern world is undergoing.

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Barnes, E. "The Bone Trail: generating enthusiasm for earth sciences in the classroom and museum." Geological Curator 8, no. 7 (July 2007): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc386.

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"The Bone Trail" is an exciting education project which was piloted in 2006. It was funded jointly by the British Society for the History of Science, Bolton Local Authority Secondary Strategy, and the Manchester Museum. Ateam of three educators - one academic historian of science (the author), and two science teachers (Peter Fowler and Alison Henning) - designed two full days of activities for Year 9 students on the history of comparative anatomy, geology, and palaeontology.

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Middlemiss, Frank A. "A brief history of Geology at Queen Mary." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 108, no. 3 (January 1997): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(97)80023-5.

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Howarth, Richard J. "The Role of Women in the History of Geology." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 119, no. 3-4 (January 2008): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80311-2.

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HUANG, DIYING, ZHIJUN ZHANG, CHENYANG CAI, and TAIPING GAO. "Prof. Yong-Chong Hong: a Chinese pioneering palaeoentomologist." Palaeoentomology 2, no. 5 (October 31, 2019): 404–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/palaeoentomology.2.5.1.

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Professor You-Chong Hong, a famous Chinese palaeoentomologist, was born in Nan’ao County, Shantou City, Guangdong Province on 5 November 1929 and passed away in Beijing on 4 July 2019. In 1953, Prof. Hong graduated from the Beijing College of Geology (China University of Geosciences, Beijing) and was assigned to the Laboratory of Ferrous Metal of the Department of Geology and Minerals of the Ministry of Geology. From 1957 to 1958, he worked in the Department of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology, Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. He studied fossil mollusks and later fossil insects in the Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1958 to 1960 (Fig. 1). He returned to the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences from 1960 to 1963; worked at the Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Ministry of Geology and Minerals from 1963 to 1984; and worked at the Beijing Museum of Natural History after 1984.

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Bessudnova, Zoya. "Grigory (Gotthelf) Fischer Von Waldheim (1771-1853): Author of the First Scientific Works on Russian Geology and Palæontology." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 102–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.1.n68416x30q1l4916.

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Sometimes called the 'Russian Cuvier', Grigory Fischer von Waldheim was born in 1771 in Waldheim near Freiberg in Saxony and graduated in 1792 from the Freiberg Mining Academy, where he studied under Werner and became friends with von Buch and von Humboldt. In Paris, he studied under Cuvier and the two became friends. In Russia, Fischer became Director of the Moscow University Natural History Museum (1804-1832), founder of the Moscow Society of Naturalists at Moscow University (1805), Corresponding Member (1805) and Honorary Member (1819) of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, and Professor (later President) of the Moscow Medical-Surgical Academy (1837), where he established its Natural History Museum. He gave systematic descriptions of materials in the Paris National Natural History Museum (1802-1803) and Moscow University's Natural History Museum (1805-1806). Using binomial nomenclature, he published the first scientific descriptions of the fossil fauna of Russia (1809) and the first descriptions of the fossil flora from around Moscow (1826) and the southwestern Urals (1840). He also wrote the first Russian monograph on geology and palaeontology (Oryctography of the Province of Moscow, 1830-1837). In effect, he founded palaeontology in Russia. His achievements were recognized during his lifetime and are remembered today in Germany and Russia, but are rather little known in the Anglophone world.

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Trewin, Nigel H. "History of research on the geology and palaeontology of the Rhynie area, Aberdeenshire, Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94, no. 4 (December 2003): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000699.

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ABSTRACTGeological and palaeontological research in the Rhynie area, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, has progressed in several stages. Following early surveys in the nineteenth century, Dr William Mackie mapped the western margin of the basin in 1910–1913, and discovered the plant-bearing chert. Following trenching of the chert in 1913, Kidston & Lang described the plant fossils between 1917 and 1921 and Scourfield, Hirst and Maulik the arthropods in the 1920s. Following a ‘dark age’ of some 30 years, Geoffrey Lyon awakened interest in the late 1950s. Trenching in 1963–1971 provided Lyon and his co-workers with new material, and resulted in finds of new plants and reinterpretations of earlier work. The next phase was initiated by Winfried Remy's discovery of gametophytes in material given to him by Lyon. Since 1980, the Münster school has continued to make exciting discoveries. Aberdeen University involvement began in 1987 with geochemical work confirming a hot spring origin for the chert. Drill cores taken in 1988 and 1997, and further trenching have allowed structural, sedimentological and stratigraphic reappraisals, and resulted in the discovery of a new biota in the Windyfield chert. Long-term collaborative international research continues to advance interpretation of this unique Early Devonian hot spring system, and the remarkably diverse freshwater and terrestrial biota of the cherts.

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ŞENGÖR, A. M. C. "EDUARD SUESS AND PALAEONTOLOGY: HIS ILLUSTRATIONS." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 461–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.2.461.

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The very first scientific paper by the great Austrian geologist Eduard Suess (1831–1914), the dean of geologists internationally during his lifetime, treats the graptolites of Bohemia (the ‘Barrandian’). This paper and most of his subsequent papers on palaeontology are accompanied by superb drawings of his observations in which Suess took great care not to insert himself between Nature as he perceived it in the framework of the knowledge of his day and his readers. In his drawings, he exercised what the great German geologist Hans Cloos later called ‘the art of leaving out’. This meant that in the drawings, the parts not relevant to the discussion are left only in outline, whereas parts he wished to highlight are brought to the fore by careful shading; but even the parts left only in outline are not schematic, instead they are careful reconstructions true to Nature as much as the material allowed it. This characteristic of Suess’ illustrations is seen also in his later field sketches concerning stratigraphy and structural geology and also in his depiction of the large tectonic features of our globe representing a guide to his manner of thinking. His illustrations in his early palaeontological work foreshadowed the later global geologist’s approach to our planet (and the Moon!) as a whole.

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Lucas, Spencer G., and Guillermo E. Alvarado. "Vertebrate palaeontology in Central America: a narrative and analytical history." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 442, no. 1 (May 23, 2016): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp442.9.

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Mayer, Wolf. "William Noel Benson (1885-1957): Insights into the Life and Work of an Eminent Geologist." Earth Sciences History 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.32.1.787u2x34ln22hg31.

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William Noel Benson was one of the most renowned geologists in Australia and New Zealand during the first half of the twentieth century. He studied geology at the Universities of Sydney and Cambridge and occupied the Chair of Geology at the University of Otago with great distinction for thirty-three years. His research work extended across the greater part of the geological spectrum and gained him world-wide recognition and a reputation as a scholar in the classical mode. His name is today most closely associated with his pioneering work on the composition, origin and tectonic setting of the mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Great Serpentine Belt of New South Wales, and with his unfinished study of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Dunedin district, in New Zealand. He also made important contributions in such diverse fields as palaeontology, geomorphology, engineering geology and medical geology. Benson was a highly respected teacher and a compassionate man with deep religious convictions.

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Moser, Markus, Gertrud E. Rössner, Ursula B. Göhlich, Madelaine Böhme, and Volker Fahlbusch. "The fossil lagerstätte Sandelzhausen (Miocene; southern Germany): history of investigation, geology, fauna, and age." Paläontologische Zeitschrift 83, no. 1 (February 7, 2009): 7–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-009-0012-x.

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Yang, Wen, Sherong Hu, and Shimin Ma. "The relationship of paleontology, palaeobotany and coal thickness of Taiyuan Formation, Late Carboniferous – Early Permian in Shanxi Province." World Journal of Engineering 14, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-06-2016-0016.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the relationship of palaeontology, palaeobotany and coal thickness of Taiyuan Formation during Late Carboniferous – Early Permian Period in Shanxi Province. Design/methodology/approach This paper selects three regions, namely, Baode, Xishan and Lingchuan, to analyse the distribution characteristics of palaeontology, palaeobotany and variation of coal thickness. Findings It was found that in a certain period of geological history, palaeontology and palaeobotany play a dominant role in shaping of a coal-bearing basin. Coal seam thickness changes largely from the northwest to the southeast, gradually thinning in Taiyuan Formation. Originality/value Palaeontology and palaeobotany play a dominant role in the shaping of a coal-bearing basin.

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CLARKE, GILES. "Geology and the public at the Natural History Museum." Geology Today 7, no. 6 (November 1991): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1991.tb00807.x.

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Desmond, Adrian. "Richard Owen's Reaction to Transmutation in the 1830's." British Journal for the History of Science 18, no. 1 (March 1985): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400021683.

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Following Michael Bartholomew's study of ‘Lyell and Evolution’ in 1973, scholars have become increasingly interested in the response of gentlemen geologists to Lamarckism during the reign of William IV (1830–7). Bartholomew contended that Charles Lyell was ‘alone in scenting the danger’ for man of using transmutation to explain fossil progression, and that he reacted to the threat of bestialisation by restructuring palaeontology along safe non-progressionist lines. Like his Anglican contemporaries, Lyell was concerned to prove that man was no transformed ape, and that morals were not the better part of brute instinct. Dov Ospovat has subsequently suggested that Lyell's theory of climate was equally an attempt to thwart the transformists and ‘preserve man's unique status in creation’. In other words, Lyell's biology and geology were inextricably related in Principles of Geology and his ideology affected his science as a whole. Finally, Pietro Corsi has identified the Continental materialists who most probably alerted Lyell to the danger, intimating that a conservative British response became imperative when Lyell ‘saw signs of the diffusion of transformism in England itself, where it could even form an unholy alliance with prevailing progressionist and directionalist interpretations of the history of life on earth’.

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Vieira, Ana Carolina Maciel, Mariana Gonzalez Leandro Novaes, Juliana Da Silva Matos, Ana Carolina Gelmini Faria, Deusana Maria da Costa Machado, and Luiza Corral Martins de Oliveira Ponciano. "A contribuição dos museus para a institucionalização e difusão da paleontologia." Anuário do Instituto de Geociências 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2007_1_158-167.

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Since the calls "cabinets of curiosities", the essence of natural history was consolidating itself with the birth of the museums and the development of the Museums of Natural History. This consolidation was reached through following activities: expeditions, field trips, collection classification works, catalogues of diffusion of scientific knowledge, educativ activities and expositions. The present paper intends to discuss the importance of the museal institutions for the studies of Paleontology; since the museums of Natural History had exerted a pioneering paper in the institutionalization of certain areas of knowledge, as Palaeontology, Anthropology and Experimental Physiology, in Brazil. The Paleontological studies in museums had collaborated in the specialization and modernization of the appearance of "new museum idea". As this new concept the museum is a space of diffusion of scientific knowledge, represented as an object that reflects the identity of the society without an obligator linking with physical constructions. However, the Brazilian museums have been sufficiently obsolete, with problems that involve acquisition and maintenance of collections to production of temporary or permanent exhibitions. When the Brazilian institutions of natural history are analyzed they are not organized on the new museum conception and the digital age as the North American and European ones. Despite the difficulties found by the Museums since its birth as Institution in the 18th century, the contemporary development of Museology and Palaeontology as Science had contributed for the consolidation and institutionalization of both, helping the diffusion of scientific knowledge.

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Jarzembowski, Ed A. "Visit to the Natural History Museum of Belgium." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 113, no. 2 (January 2002): 175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(02)80020-7.

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Meijer, Hanneke J. M., Stephen K. Donovan, and Willem Renema. "Major Dutch collections of Permian fossils from Timor Amalgamated." Journal of Paleontology 83, no. 2 (March 2009): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/08-128.1.

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Ninety-five percent of the surface geology of The Netherlands consists of various Pleistocene sedimentary sequences. Of the other five percent, the principal area of ‘solid’ geology is in the south around Maastricht, in the province of Limburg, justifiably famous for its highly fossiliferous Upper Cretaceous succession, including the type section of the Maastrichtian Stage. Paleozoic exposures are very rare and, most relevant to the discussion herein, there is no exposed Permian succession. Yet the colonial history of The Netherlands makes it a haven for Permian researchers. The purpose of this brief communication is to alert interested researchers to the amalgamation of the Dutch Timor collections by the recent acquisition by the Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum - Naturalis, Leiden (NNM), of more than 10,000 specimens of Permian fossils, mainly marine invertebrates, from West Timor, Indonesia. Together with the collections already present at Naturalis, this easily forms the largest concentration of fossils from Timor in any museum.

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Caldwell, M. W., and G. L. Bell. "Of German princes and North American rivers: Harlan’s lost mosasaur snout rediscovered." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 84, no. 3 (September 2005): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600020989.

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AbstractThe lost snout of Richard Harlan’s specimen of Mosasaurus missouriensis has been rediscovered in the vertebrate palaeontology collections of the Muséum national d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN) in Paris, France. The specimen (MNHN 9587) bears the handwritten description, ‘Amérique du Nord. Par M. Harlan.’, which translated reads, ‘North America. By/From Mr. Harlan’. Accession information indicates the specimen was a gift to the museum prior to 1860 and was likely gifted from Harlan’s estate after his death. We examine the available history of the collection of the specimen present a description of the rediscovered snout, and demonstrate conclusively the conspecificity of M. maximiliani Goldfuss, 1845 and M. missouriensis (Harlan, 1834a) by providing a revised diagnosis of the taxon.

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Boreham, Steve, Tom S. White, David R. Bridgland, Andy J. Howard, and Mark J. White. "The Quaternary history of the Wash fluvial network, UK." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 121, no. 4 (January 2010): 393–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2010.02.003.

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Dyke, Arthur S., and Victor K. Prest. "Late Wisconsinan and Holocene History of the Laurentide Ice Sheet*." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 41, no. 2 (January 15, 2008): 237–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032681ar.

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AbstractEleven paleogeographic maps and a summary ice retreat map outline the history of advance, retreat, and readvances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet along with associated changes in proglacial drainage and relative sea level oscillations for Late Wisconsinan and Holocene times. The text outlines pertinent chronological control and discusses the paleoglaciology of the ice sheet, with attention to location and migration of ice divides, their attendant domes and saddles, and to ice streams, ice shelves, and mechanisms of déglaciation. At 18 ka the ice sheet consisted of 3 sectors with an interlocked system of ice divides joined at intersector saddles. A throughgoing superdivide is recognized and named the Trans Laurentide Ice Divide. The ice sheet retreated slowly from 18 to 13 ka, mainly along the west and south margins, but still held a near maximum configuration at 13 ka. A regional change in flow pattern over the Prairies just before 14 ka is thought to represent a large reduction in ice volume, but not in extent, and likely was triggered by a switch from nondeforming to deforming bed conditions. Retreat between 13 and 8 ka was vastly more rapid in the west than in the east, which resulted in eastward migration of the divide system of Keewatin Ice but relatively static divides of Labrador and Foxe Ice. By 10 ka the Trans Laurentide Ice Divide had been fragmented as Hudson Ice became increasingly autonomous. By 8 ka Hudson Ice had disappeared, little ice was left in Keewatin, but Foxe Ice still held its near maximum configuration and Labrador Ice was still larger than Foxe Ice. Repeated surging along aquatic margins and calving back of margins thinned by surging probably was the most important mechanism of deglaciation of Keewatin and Hudson Ice. The core of Foxe Ice disintegrated at 7 ka but retreat and readvance of Foxe Ice remnants continued throughout the Holocene.

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Moseley, F. "Field relations and movement history of the Coniston Fault, Cumbria." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 104, no. 1 (January 1993): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80150-2.

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Cope, John C. W. "Drawing the line: the history of the Jurassic—Cretaceous boundary." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 119, no. 1 (January 2008): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80262-3.

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Cope, John C. W., and Michael G. Bassett. "Sediment sources and Palaeozoic history of the Bristol Channel area." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 98, no. 4 (January 1987): 315–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(87)80073-1.

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Hart, M. B., D. Wall-Palmer, A. W. Janssen, and C. W. Smart. "Some observations on the geological history of the holoplanktonic gastropods." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 131, no. 5 (October 2020): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2020.07.009.

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Teertstra, David K., Petr Čern yacute;, Jörgen Langhof, Sten‐Anders Smeds, and Fredrik Grensman. "Pollucite in Sweden: Occurrences, crystal chemistry, petrology and subsolidus history." GFF 118, no. 3 (September 1996): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899609546248.

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Vajda, Vivi, and Christian B. Skovsted. "Advances in Swedish palaeontology; the importance of fossils in natural history collections - The Department of Palaeobiology at the Swedish Museum of Natural History." GFF 143, no. 2-3 (July 3, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2021.1968198.

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Cohen, Alan. "Mr. Bain And Dr. Atherstone: South Africa's Pioneer Fossil Hunters." Earth Sciences History 19, no. 2 (January 1, 2000): 175–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.19.2.hm71m0h265363j36.

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Although a few explorers had reported the finding of fossils in South Africa during the eighteenth century, interested amateurs made the first important collections of fossils during the 1830s. Many new species were discovered and sent back to London, for further study by the newly emerging class there of professional palaeontologists such as Richard Owen (1804-1892) of the British Museum's Natural History Department. As a result of a few pioneers like Andrew Geddes Bain (1797-1864) and William Guybon Atherstone (1814-1898), the study of South African geology and palaeontology was placed on a firm footing by the 1860s. Owen publicly acknowledged their contributions to these new sciences in 1876 in his monumental study of the fossil reptiles of South Africa.1

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L.B.H. "E. Buffetaut 1987. A Short History of Vertebrate Palaeontology, xi + 223 pp. Croom Helm Publishers. Price £30.00 (hard covers)." Geological Magazine 124, no. 6 (November 1987): 593–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680001743x.

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Batterson, Martin J., and Norm R. Catto. "Topographically-controlled Deglacial History of the Humber River Basin, Western Newfoundland." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 55, no. 3 (October 15, 2003): 213–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/006851ar.

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AbstractThe Humber River in western Newfoundland flows through a large interior basin, that influenced Late Wisconsinan ice flow from major dispersal centres to the north, in the Long Range Mountains, and to the east in The Topsails. An early southward ice flow from a source to the north covered coastal areas in the western part of the basin. Subsequent regional ice flow was southwestward to northwestward from The Topsails, while south to southwestward flowing ice from the Long Range Mountains occupied the upper Humber River valley. This flow was confluent with ice from The Topsails and moved northwestward toward Bonne Bay. Regional deglaciation began about 13 ka from the inner coast. Ice occupying the Deer Lake valley dammed glacial Lake Howley in the adjacent Grand Lake and Sandy Lake basins to an elevation up to 85 m above present lake levels, which were controlled by drainage through a western outlet feeding into St. George’s Bay. The lake was lowered by exposure of the South Brook valley outlet, and finally drained catastrophically through a spillway at Junction Brook. Marine limit at the coast was 60 m asl. Inland deltas at the head of Deer Lake and fine-grained sediment exposed in the Deer Lake valley show inundation below 45 m present elevation. This produced a narrow embayment extending at least 50 km inland from the modern coast and is named here as ‘Jukes Arm’. Dated marine macrofossils in the Humber Arm and lower Humber River valley, indicate the deltas at the head of Deer Lake formed about 12.5 ka.

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Lemoine, Rick M., and James T. Teller. "Late Glacial Sedimentation and History of the Lake Nipigon Basin, Ontario." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 49, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 239–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/033039ar.

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ABSTRACTThe Lake Nipigon basin lies north of the Lake Superior basin and was the hydrological link between glacial Lake Agassiz and the Great Lakes during part of the last deglaciation. A sequence of glaciolacustrine sediments, composed mainly of silt-clay rhythmites and sand, was deposited in the offshore waters of glacial Lake Nipigon by overflow from Lake Agassiz and meltwater from the retreating glacier margin. Sections from six long sediment cores and four lake bluff exposures reveal a sandy (early deglacial) lower section that is overlain by 300 to 850 silt-clay rhythmites (varves). Deposition of these varves, as well as coarser sediment along the western shore, began after 9200 BP, as the glacial margin retreated northward along the continental divide that separated the Nipigon basin from the higher Lake Agassiz basin to the west. The absence of ice rafted clasts in the rhythmites suggests that the ice had retreated from the lake by the time they were deposited. On the basis of their elevation in relation to the lowest raised beach at West Bay, which formed about 9000 BP, most rhythmites probably were deposited between 9000 and 8000 BP. Species of arboreal pollen are present in early postglacial sediments of the Nipigon-Superior lowlands, suggesting that the Lake Nipigon region became colonized by coniferous and deciduous forests soon after déglaciation. The presence of non-arboreal pollen species suggest that these forests were interspersed with open meadows and grasslands, similar to today's floral assemblages. Fossil molluscs recovered from glaciolacustrine sand exposed along the eastern side of the basin suggest that the limnological characteristics of late glacial Lake Nipigon were similar to those of today.

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Green, Paul F., Ian R. Duddy, Kerry A. Hegarty, Richard J. Bray, George Sevastopulo, Geoff Clayton, and David Johnston. "The post-Carboniferous evolution of Ireland: evidence from Thermal History Reconstruction." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 111, no. 4 (January 2000): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(00)80087-5.

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Toynton, R., and D. W. Parsons. "The compaction history of a composite flint and its host sediment." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 101, no. 4 (January 1990): 315–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80165-4.

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Donovan, Stephen K., and Joe S. H. Collins. "A brief history of the Freelance Geological Association (FGA), 1948–1967." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 127, no. 1 (April 2016): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pgeola.2015.11.010.

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Jennings, Anne E. "The Quaternary History of Cumberland Sound, Southeastern Baffin Island: The Marine Evidence." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 47, no. 1 (November 23, 2007): 21–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032929ar.

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ABSTRACTAcoustic and core data from Cumberland Sound show that glacial ice derived from the Foxe Sector (Amadjuak Dome) of the Laurentide Ice Sheet advanced to the continental shelf at the mouth of the sound during a late phase of the Foxe Glaciation. The basal lithofacies/acoustic unit (Ai/BUD) in the sound is a massive, black diamicton. On the basis of strati-graphic, acoustic, lithologie and faunal evidence, this unit is interpreted as till. The till is overlain by an ice proximal to ice distal glacial-marine sediment sequence termed the Davis Strait Silt (DSS). The influence of ice retreat is reflected in the foraminiferal assemblages of the DSS. Rapid sedimentation rates in the sound prevailed during deposition of the DSS as shown by the conformable geometry of the DSS. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry dates on molluscs and foraminifera and a single conventional 14C date on disseminated organic material from ice proximal sediment of the DSS (lithofacies B and lower lithofacies C) indicate that the ice retreated rapidly from its probable maximum position on the shelf no earlier than ca. 13,400 BP and into the fiords along the coast of the sound by ca. 8900 BP. Deposition of ice-distal glacial marine sediments (lower lithofacies D) continued in the sound until ca. 7600 BP as the ice margin rapidly retreated into the fiords. Between ca. 8900 BP and ca. 8000 BP, the foraminiferal fauna show that the influence of glacial ice is remote and that "Atlantic Water" impinges on the seafloor. Postglacial sedimentation began in the sound at ca. 7600 BP. Retreat of the ice margin onto land made the fiord basins available as sediment catchments. The reduced sedimentation rates in the sound during this interval are indicated by the change to onlapping basin fill geometry of the Tiniktartuq Silt and Clay (TS&C). Calcareous foraminifera disappear from the sediments by ca. 6300 BP and are replaced by agglutinated foraminifera reflecting "Arctic Water" conditions at the seafloor. The TS&C is presently being deposited in the sound.

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37

Greensmith, J. T., and J. C. Gutmanis. "Aspects of the late Holocene depositional history of the Dungeness area, Kent." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 101, no. 3 (January 1990): 225–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80007-7.

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38

Minckley, T. A. "Postglacial vegetation history of southeastern Wyoming, U.S.A." Rocky Mountain Geology 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsrocky.49.1.61.

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39

Dirszowsky, Randy W., and Joseph R. Desloges. "Glaciolacustrine sediments and Neoglacial history of the Chephren Lake basin, Banff National Park, Alberta." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 51, no. 1 (October 2, 2002): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004804ar.

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AbstractModern and historical sedimentation in Chephren Lake are examined in order to assess the relations between glacier activity, sediment production, and the lacustrine depositional record. Bottom sediment data and lake morphology indicate that sediments in the distal part of the lake primarily settled from suspension and that glaciers are the most important source. A 4.3 m core obtained from the distal sediments reveals that accumulation of fine, glacially-derived material has increased since at least 2 420 BP. Simple geochemical indicators reflect this and support regional evidence for progressive (though punctuated) climate deterioration through the Neoglacial period. Distinct rhythmite sequences (especially beginning ca. 3 460, 2 330, 1 470 and 530 BP) are thought to represent minor glacier retreats which help define separate phases of Neoglacial advance identified by previous workers. In contrast, increasing slope stability indicated by a reduction in graded sand and clast facies may be specific to slopes overlooking the coring site.

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40

Wang, Xia-Cheng, and Marie-Anne Geurts. "Late Quaternary Pollen Records and Vegetation History of the Southwest Yukon Territory: A Review." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 45, no. 2 (December 13, 2007): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032859ar.

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ABSTRACTThis paper is a summary of all known late Quaternary palynostratigraphic records from the southwest Yukon Territory. Thirty two pollen sites available by the end of 1988 are reviewed. Most pollen records in the region are of Holocene age. During the late-glacial to early Holocene, the southwest Yukon supported a herb-dominated tundra vegetation which was replaced by a birch-dominated shrub-tundra at about 10,000 yr BP. Spruce invaded the area between 9000 and 8600 yr BP at different localities, and a southward time transgression is visible in the Aishihik Basin. The current regional vegetation has been stable since 7600-8000 yr BP when dense spruce forest and/or spruce forest-tundra was established in most localities. In the Snag area, however, dense spruce forest developed only around 5700 yr BP, which is about 2000 years later than in the Aishihik Basin. The exotic pine pollen records in the region exhibit an interesting pattern, suggesting a frequent shift of the atmospheric circulation system. Anomalous records of alder pollen from the Aishihik Basin and adjacent regions suggest that alder has never been widespread in these areas due to aridity, and alder pollen is greatly overrepresented in pollen spectra. Spruce arrival dates suggest that further investigations in the Tintina Valley, Yukon River Valley, and Car-macks region might provide useful information concerning the spruce migration routes.

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41

Halstead, Beverly, and Sarah Stafford. "Dinosaur Field Trip: behind the scenes at the Natural History Museum, 25 January 1991." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 102, no. 1 (January 1991): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80059-4.

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42

Green, C. P. "The Badge of the Geologists' Association: its history on the cover of the Proceedings." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 101, no. 2 (January 1990): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80246-5.

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Bevan, T. G. "Tectonic evolution of the Isle of Wight: a Cenozoic stress history based on mesofractures." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 96, no. 3 (January 1985): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(85)80005-5.

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44

Sohlenius, Gustav, Greger Lindeberg, Jonas Björck, Per Westman, and Jan Risberg. "The isolation age and history of Lake Sågsjön, Stockholm, based on different dating techniques." GFF 125, no. 2 (June 2003): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035890301252069.

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45

McCONNELL, ANITA. "History." Geology Today 6, no. 3 (May 1990): 100–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1990.tb00716.x.

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Peacock, D. C. P., and D. J. Sanderson. "Deformation history and basin-controlling faults in the Mesozoic sedimentary rocks of the Somerset coast." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 110, no. 1 (January 1999): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(99)80005-4.

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Woodcock, Nigel H. "New History of the Isle of Man, Volume 1: The evolution of the natural landscape." Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 119, no. 2 (January 2008): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(08)80319-7.

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48

Berg-Madsen, Vivianne, and Jan Ove R. Ebbestad. "The Bromell fossil collection at Uppsala University, Sweden: its history and the people behind it." GFF 135, no. 1 (March 2013): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035897.2012.759146.

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49

Andersson, T., and Ó. Ingólfsson. "The history of the Barents Sea Ice Sheet ‐ state of the art and current research." GFF 118, sup004 (October 1996): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11035899609546368.

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50

Dyke, Arthur S. "Late Quaternary Vegetation History of Northern North America Based on Pollen, Macrofossil, and Faunal Remains*." Paleoenvironments 59, no. 2-3 (April 4, 2007): 211–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014755ar.

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AbstractBiome maps spanning the interval from the last glacial maximum to modern times are presented. The biome distributions at 18 ka BP were probably as nearly in equilibrium with climate as are the modern distributions, but deglacial biomes were probably in disequilibrium. Ice sheet configuration was a strong control of climate until 7 ka BP. Regional climate trends can be inferred from changing biome distributions, but during periods of disequilibrium, biome distributions under-represent summer warming. Because of summer cooling by 2-4 °C during the Holocene, largely in the last 3-5 ka, middle and certain early Holocene biome distributions and species compositions are reasonable analogues of future equilibrium displacements due to equivalent warming, at least in areas that were long-since deglaciated. Past biome migration rates in response to rapid regional warming during deglaciation were mainly in the range of 100-200 m per year. If these rates pertain in the future, biomes may shift 10-20 km in most regions over the next century. A major impediment to using former Holocene conditions as a guide to future conditions is that warmer Holocene summers were accompanied by colder winters, whereas warmer future summers will be accompanied by warmer winters.

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Journal articles on the topic 'History of geology and palaeontology'

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