Academic literature on the topic 'History of concussion'
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Journal articles on the topic "History of concussion"
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Collins, Michael W., Mark R. Lovell, Grant L. Iverson, Robert C. Cantu, Joseph C. Maroon, and Melvin Field. "Cumulative Effects of Concussion in High School Athletes." Neurosurgery 51, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200211000-00011.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE A common assumption in sports medicine is that a history of concussion is predictive of a lower threshold for, as well as a worse outcome after, subsequent concussive injury. The current study was conducted to investigate the relationship between concussion history in high school athletes and the on-field presentation of symptoms after subsequent concussion. METHODS One hundred seventy-three athletes who experienced sports-related concussion composed the initial study group. Binary groups were subsequently created on the basis of concussion history. Sixty athletes with no concussion history were compared with 28 athletes with a history of three or more concussions. The groups were compared in terms of the on-field presentation of symptoms after an in-study concussion. Dependent variables included the postinjury presence of loss of consciousness, anterograde amnesia, retrograde amnesia, and confusion. RESULTS Athletes with three or more prior concussions were more likely to experience on-field positive loss of consciousness (χ2 = 8.0, P = 0.005), anterograde amnesia (χ2 = 5.5, P = 0.019), and confusion (χ2 = 5.1, P = 0.024) after a subsequent cerebral concussion. An odds ratio revealed that athletes with a history of three concussions were 9.3 times more likely than athletes with no history of concussion to demonstrate three to four abnormal on-field markers of concussion severity. CONCLUSION This study is the first to suggest a cumulative effect of concussion in high school athletes. A more severe on-field presentation of concussion markers is evidenced in high school athletes with a pronounced history of concussion. This study's findings highlight the need for more long-term outcome studies in high school athletes who sustain sports-related concussions.
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Cover, Rebecca, Trevor Roiger, and Mary Beth Zwart. "The Lived Experiences of Retired Collegiate Athletes With a History of 1 or More Concussions." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 7 (July 1, 2018): 646–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-338-17.
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Context: Concussions remain misunderstood, underreported, and undiagnosed. Although most concussion symptoms resolve within 2 weeks, some patients experience persistent symptoms that adversely affect physical, emotional, social, or cognitive functioning or a combination of these. Minimal evidence delineating the effect of concussions on recently retired collegiate athletes currently exists.Objective: To examine the lived experiences of retired collegiate athletes with a history of 1 or more concussions to discern individual concussion histories, knowledge and perceptions of concussions, and postconcussion quality of life.Design: Qualitative study.Setting: Telephone interviews.Patients or Other Participants: Former National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I athletes (n = 14) with a history of 1 or more concussions and retired from 1 to 5 years.Data Collection and Analysis: Fourteen semistructured telephone interviews (8 men and 6 women) were audiotaped. Interviews were transcribed and inductively analyzed by 3 athletic trainers with 34 combined years of professional experience. Themes were negotiated through consensual review. Participant checks were completed to ensure trustworthiness of the findings.Results: Participants sustained their first concussion during adolescence and often experienced difficulties transitioning back into the postconcussion academic environment. Judgments of injury severity were clearly evident in participants' knowledge and perceptions of concussions. Participants experienced an array of emotional, physical, cognitive, and social challenges during the immediate postconcussion period but did not feel their concussion history decreased their current quality of life.Conclusions: Adolescent exposure to concussions is of concern due to the risk imposed on the developing brain and the potential for adverse outcomes later in life. Although a graduated return to play is heavily emphasized in concussion management, researchers need to investigate barriers inhibiting the implementation of return-to-learn protocols. Concussion education should aim to modify indifferent attitudes toward concussive injuries. Additionally, investigators should continue to assess how a history of concussion affects quality of life in recently retired collegiate athletes.
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Post, Andrew, T. Blaine Hoshizaki, Michael D. Gilchrist, David Koncan, Lauren Dawson, Wesley Chen, Andrée-Anne Ledoux, Roger Zemek, and _. _. "A comparison in a youth population between those with and without a history of concussion using biomechanical reconstruction." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 19, no. 4 (April 2017): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.10.peds16449.
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OBJECTIVE Concussion is a common topic of research as a result of the short- and long-term effects it can have on the affected individual. Of particular interest is whether previous concussions can lead to a biomechanical susceptibility, or vulnerability, to incurring further head injuries, particularly for youth populations. The purpose of this research was to compare the impact biomechanics of a concussive event in terms of acceleration and brain strains of 2 groups of youths: those who had incurred a previous concussion and those who had not. It was hypothesized that the youths with a history of concussion would have lower-magnitude biomechanical impact measures than those who had never suffered a previous concussion. METHODS Youths who had suffered a concussion were recruited from emergency departments across Canada. This pool of patients was then separated into 2 categories based on their history of concussion: those who had incurred 1 or more previous concussions, and those who had never suffered a concussion. The impact event that resulted in the brain injury was reconstructed biomechanically using computational, physical, and finite element modeling techniques. The output of the events was measured in biomechanical parameters such as energy, force, acceleration, and brain tissue strain to determine if those patients who had a previous concussion sustained a brain injury at lower magnitudes than those who had no previously reported concussion. RESULTS The results demonstrated that there was no biomechanical variable that could distinguish between the concussion groups with a history of concussion versus no history of concussion. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that there is no measureable biomechanical vulnerability to head impact related to a history of concussions in this youth population. This may be a reflection of the long time between the previous concussion and the one reconstructed in the laboratory, where such a long period has been associated with recovery from injury.
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Hunzinger, Katie, Katelyn Costantini, Kelsey Bryk, Thomas Buckley, and C. Buz Swanik. "Preliminary Concussion and Lower Extremity Injury Risk Among R.O.T.C. Cadets." Neurology 93, no. 14 Supplement 1 (September 30, 2019): S4.1—S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000580860.46940.2f.
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ObjectiveTo examine the association between concussions and lower extremity musculoskeletal injury (LE-MSI) rates in Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets.BackgroundConcussions have been associated with an increased risk for LE-MSI among high school, collegiate, and professional athletes as well as U.S. Army Soldiers. However, there is a paucity evidence on this relationship among U.S. Army ROTC cadets, future U.S. Army Officers, and a group similar to student-athletes in regards to physical activity levels.Design/MethodsA modified reliable injury questionnaire (ICC = 0.92) was used to identify the total number of reported concussions, intentionally unreported concussions, and potentially unrecognized concussions (e.g., memory loss not diagnosed as a concussion) as well as LE-MSI (e.g., muscle strains, ACL rupture) a cadet had suffered. A chi-square analysis was performed to identify the association between concussion and LE-MSI and any concussive injury and LE-MSI.Results47 cadets (19.9 ± 1.3 years) were recruited from one Army ROTC program. There was not a significant association between reported concussions and LE-MSI (Χ(1) = 3.122, p = 0.077). There was not a significant association between any concussive injury (reported, unreported, or potentially unrecognized) and LE-MSI (Χ(1) = 3.590, p = 0.058). The reported concussion history was 38.3% (18/47), any concussive history was 46.8% (22/47), and 68.1% (32/47) reported history of LE-MSI.ConclusionsPreliminary results showed that there was no statistically significant association between concussion and LE-MSI among ROTC cadets at this university. Future research is warranted on a larger cohort of cadets to determine if this relationship exists since cadets will soon commission, potentially risking injury while serving on active duty, causing limited duty days, reduced Department of Defense readiness, and increased healthcare costs. Cadets showed a high incidence of concussion and LE-MSK injury, and future research should target reducing these injuries among ROTC cadets prior to commissioning.
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Kay, Melissa C., Johna K. Register-Mihalik, Cassie B. Ford, Richelle M. Williams, and Tamara C. Valovich McLeod. "Parents’ and Child’s Concussion History as Predictors of Parental Attitudes and Knowledge of Concussion Recognition and Response." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 232596711774237. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117742370.
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Background: Parents’ knowledge of and attitudes toward concussions are often vital factors that affect care for injured adolescent athletes. It is important to understand the role that parents’ personal experiences with concussions play with regard to current concussion knowledge and attitudes so that clinicians may tailor their educational approaches. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine an association between parents’ personal experiences and their child’s experiences with concussions as well as parental concussion knowledge and attitudes. We hypothesized that parents who have personally experienced symptoms or have a child who has experienced symptoms would have better knowledge and more favorable attitudes toward concussions. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Parents of youth sport athletes (N = 234 [82 male, 144 female, 8 unreported]; mean age, 44.0 ± 6.3 years) completed a prevalidated survey for concussion knowledge (maximum score possible, 29) and attitudes (maximum score possible, 49). Higher scores indicated better knowledge and more favorable attitudes toward concussive injuries. Parents reported the frequency of concussion diagnoses and/or experiences of concussion-related symptoms and whether their child had suffered a diagnosed concussion or experienced concussion symptoms (yes/no). Spearman rank correlation and multivariable regression were used to examine the association between experience of symptom clusters (self or child) and concussion knowledge and attitudes. Results: Knowledge was moderate (mean, 23.3 ± 2.5 of 29), while attitudes prioritized disclosure (mean, 46.3 ± 3.7 of 49). Parents’ experience of the sleep-arousal symptom cluster was positively associated with concussion attitudes ( r = 0.22, P = .002; β = –3.301, P = .011). Parents with children who experienced sleep-arousal and vestibular-somatic symptom clusters were weakly associated with parental concussion knowledge (sleep-arousal: r = 0.15, P = .041; vestibular-somatic: r = 0.17, P = .020; β = 0.540, P = .012). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that parents’ personal experiences with concussion-related symptoms have little effect on parental knowledge and attitudes as a whole. However, clinicians should consider particular symptom clusters that may provide insight into targets for future concussion education. According to these findings, parents of youth sport participants would benefit from increased concussion education focusing on the types of symptoms as well as the consequences of suffering a concussion.
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Sandino, Adriana, Jordan Milano, Breton M. Asken, Russell M. Bauer, and Jessica Bove. "A-185 Influence of Improved Lifetime TBI History Ascertainment on Clinical Outcomes." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, no. 6 (August 17, 2022): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.185.
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Abstract Objective: History of TBI/concussion earlier in life may have implications for long-term health. It is important to understand factors that influence retrospective reports of TBI/concussion history in the clinic. We examined whether providing a formal TBI/concussion definition affected self-reported TBI/concussion history and evaluated association of TBI/concussion history with current mood symptoms. Methods: Participants were 12 individuals (5 M, 7 F, average age = 40.4) seen in an interdisciplinary TBI/concussion clinic. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests compared the total number of reported TBI/concussions before and after providing patients a formalized definition for TBI/concussion in the overall sample and then separately for males and females. A secondary analysis used Pearson’s correlation to examine the relationship between total number of TBI/concussions and self-reported anxiety using Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) total score. Results: Participants reported an average of 3.1 more concussions after being informed of the definition of a TBI/concussion. This result was primarily seen in men, who reported 5.8 more TBI/concussions (women = 0.5 more TBI/concussions) after the definition was provided (W = 1.5, p = 0.05). Further, there was a positive, strong correlation between total number of reported lifetime concussions post TBI/concussion definition and anxiety severity (r = 0.67, p = 0.05). Conclusions: Providing a definition of TBI/concussion increases reports of lifetime concussion, primarily in males. Higher trait anxiety may also be associated with self-reported concussion history. Larger sample sizes are needed to better understand factors that drive retrospective injury reports in those who seek concussion care.
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Cantarero, Gabriela, Jake Choynowski, Maria St. Pierre, Manuel Anaya, Matthew Statton, William Stokes, Vincent Capaldi, Vikram Chib, and Pablo Celnik. "Repeated Concussions Impair Behavioral and Neurophysiological Changes in the Motor Learning System." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, no. 9 (July 29, 2020): 804–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320943578.
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Background. Concussions affect nearly 3 million people a year and are the leading cause of traumatic brain injury–related emergency department visits among youth. Evidence shows neuromotor regions are sensitive to concussive events and that motor symptoms may be the earliest clinical manifestations of neurodegenerative traumatic brain injuries. However, little is known about the effects repeated concussions play on motor learning. Namely, how does concussion acuity (time since injury) affect different behavioral and neurophysiological components of motor learning? Methods. Using a 3-pronged approach, we assessed (1) behavioral measures of motor learning, (2) neurophysiological measures underlying retention of motor learning known as occlusion, and (3) quantitative survey data capturing affective symptoms of each participant. Collegiate student athletes were stratified across 3 groups depending on their concussion history: (1) NonCon, no history of concussion; (2) Chronic, chronic-state of concussion (>1 year postinjury), or (3) Acute, acute state of concussion (<2 weeks postinjury). Results. We found that athletes in both the acute and chronic state of injury following a concussion had impaired retention and aberrant occlusion in motor skill learning as compared with athletes with no history of concussion. Moreover, higher numbers of previous concussions (regardless of the time since injury) correlated with more severe behavioral and neurophysiological motor impairments by specifically hindering neurophysiological mechanisms of learning to affect behavior. Conclusions. These results indicate the presence of motor learning impairment that is evident within 2 weeks postinjury. Our findings have significant implications for the prognosis of concussion and emphasize the need for prevention, but can also direct more relevant rehabilitation treatment targets.
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Tran, Vi, Spencer Walser, Jeff Wayland, Adam Elwood, and Jose H. Posas. "Catching the snitch or the consequences? Profiling incidence of concussions in Quidditch players." Neurology 91, no. 23 Supplement 1 (December 4, 2018): S24.3—S25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000550653.12040.a6.
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BackgroundConcussions are caused by a blow to or a violent shaking of the head or body. With increasing popularity of novel sports, such as Quidditch inspired by the Harry Potter series, it is suspected that players are commonly misdiagnosed or not seeking treatment after suffering a concussion. Here, we look at the incidence of concussion in Quidditch players.Materials/methodsAfter obtaining IRB approval we conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey amongst players in the Major League Quidditch for the 2017 season. The survey included questions corresponding to demographics, previous medical history specific to concussions, migraines, co-morbidities, and suspected concussions whilst engaging in Quidditch.ResultsFour hundred sixty-four players were contacted via email with 34% response rate. Of 34%, 96.2% previously engaged in sports either high school or collegiate level. Twenty-six percent of males and 29% of females reported having previously medically diagnosed concussions outside of Quidditch. Fifteen percent reported never hitting their head during a Quidditch match while 19% indicated more than 10 total head injuries. Twenty-five percent of players reported a medically confirmed concussion during play, with 20% indicating a suspected concussion without medical evaluation. Thirty-four percent reported a history of depression or anxiety with 21 players reporting a history of migraines. Those with confirmed head injuries or suspected concussion, 39% indicated that they sought medical treatment while 24% responded that they did not.ConclusionMajority of Quidditch players reported having suffered a concussion prior to playing while half reported suffering a confirmed or suspected concussion during a game. Players were divided on seeking treatment. It is well documented that history of migraines or other comorbidities combined with multiple concussions leads to longer recovery times as well as higher rates of post-concussive syndrome. With the growing rate of traumatic brain injuries, it is imperative that players are diagnosed and treated to prevent future consequences.
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Covassin, Tracey, David Stearne, and Robert Elbin. "Concussion History and Postconcussion Neurocognitive Performance and Symptoms in Collegiate Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.119.
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Abstract Context: Athletes are at an inherent risk for sustaining concussions. Research examining the long-term consequences of sport-related concussion has been inconsistent in demonstrating lingering neurocognitive decrements that may be associated with a previous history of concussion. Objective: To determine the relationship between concussion history and postconcussion neurocognitive performance and symptoms in collegiate athletes. Design: Repeated-measures design. Setting: Multi-center analysis of collegiate athletes. Patients or Other Participants: Fifty-seven concussed collegiate athletes (36 without concussion history, 21 with a history of 2 or more concussions). Intervention(s): All subjects were administered an Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) neurocognitive test battery, which measures verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, and visual processing speed and 22 concussion symptoms. Main Outcome Measure(s): Subjects who sustained a concussion were administered 2 follow-up tests at days 1 and 5 postinjury. Independent variables were history of concussion (no history of concussion, 2 or more concussions) and time (baseline, day 1 postconcussion, or day 5 postconcussion). Results: A within-subjects effect (time) on ImPACT performance (P < .001), a between-subjects multivariate effect of group (P < .001), and a group-by-time interaction (P = .034) were noted. Athletes with a concussion history performed significantly worse on verbal memory (P = .01) and reaction time (P = .023) at day 5 postconcussion compared with athletes who did not report a previous concussion. No significant group differences were seen at day 5 postinjury on visual memory (P = .167), processing speed (P = .179), or total concussion symptoms (P = .87). Conclusions: Concussed collegiate athletes with a history of 2 or more concussions took longer to recover verbal memory and reaction time than athletes without a history of concussion.
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Chen, Jian, Bruce Oddson, and Heather C. Gilbert. "Differential Effect of Recurrent Concussions on Symptom Clusters in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 7 (September 1, 2019): 735–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0166.
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Context: Symptom checklist in Sport Concussion Assessment Tool has been widely used in preseason assessment and in concussion diagnosis, but the impact of prior concussions on the graded symptoms after a new concussion has not been evaluated. Objective: This study was undertaken to examine reported symptoms associated with recurrent concussions using data of a comprehensive survey among athletes. Design: Retrospective survey and cross-sectional study. Setting: College athletes. Participants: Student athletes who sustained one or more concussions. Main Outcome Measures: Concussion history and graded symptoms of the most recent concussion at time of the survey were surveyed. The impact of prior concussions was examined over symptoms and aggregated symptoms. Results: Multiple concussions were associated with greater reporting of individual symptoms related to emotion and physical symptoms of sensitivity to light and noise: more emotional (z = 2.3, P = .02); sadness (z = 2.4, P = .02); nervousness (z = 2.4, P = .02); irritability (z = 3.6, P = .01); sensitivity to light (z = 2.6, P = .01); and sensitivity to noise (z = 2.4, P = .04). The composite scores of emotional symptom and sensitivity symptom clusters were significantly higher: t = 2.68 (P < .01) and t = 3.35 (P < .01), respectively. Conclusions: The significant rises in emotional and sensitivity symptoms may be an important additive effect of concussive injury. Closer attention should be given to these symptom clusters when evaluating concussion injury and recovery.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "History of concussion"
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Gysland, Sonia Mae Guskiewicz Kevin M. "The relationship between subconcussive impacts and concussion history on clinical measures of concussion in collegiate football players." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2504.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree in Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science Athletic Training. " Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Huston, Amanda Norma. "Concussion history and neuropsychological baseline testing in collegiate football athletes." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1424.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Magera, Nicholas P. "Neuroelectric Indices of Emotional Processing in Individuals with History of Concussion." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703314/.
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Concussions are a common type of traumatic brain injury resulting in a series of physical, emotional, and psychosocial symptoms. Following a concussion, emotional processing is thought to be altered through small functional and structural disruptions that impact information processing pathways, which may eventually manifest as behavioral impairments. Thus, the use of both behavioral and functional outcomes may be effective for assessing the changes in emotional processing that may occur following a concussion. The primary purpose of this study was to examine behavioral and neurocognitive differences in response to emotional face images between individuals with and without a history of concussion. Fifty participants (18 female; 32 male) were recruited and assigned to either the concussed (n = 23; Mage = 24.1 ± 1.0) or non-concussed (n = 27; Mage = 23.2 ± 0.6) group based on medical and self-reported concussion history. Participants completed a modified emotional oddball paradigm where representative positive (smiling), negative (frowning), and neutral faces from the Radboud Faces Database were displayed. Neuroelectric measures of P3 amplitude and latency, as well as behavioral measures of response accuracy and reaction time were assessed during the experiment. The concussion group showed significant reductions in accuracy, but no difference in reaction time compared to the non-concussed group. An increase (i.e., slower) in P3 latency was also found in the concussed group, with no observed group differences in P3 amplitude. Findings suggest that concussions may lead to chronic neuroelectric and behavioral deficits in classifying emotional, facial expressions.
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Manderino, Lisa M. "Cognitive Functioning Under Hypoxic Stress in Individuals with History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1591713552152285.
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Case, Stephanie. "A case study investigation of the neuropsychological profile of a rugby player with a history of multiple concussions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007727.
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sustained multiple concussions may be at risk of cumulative impairment. The role of neuropsychological testing in the management of sports-related concussion is a contentious and challenging issue which has gained credibility given the lack of clear and well-established guidelines pertaining to the diagnosis, assessment and return-to-play decisions following concussion. Despite various traditional paper and pencil tests being shown to be effective indicators of postconcussive neuropsychological dysfunction, testing has not been widely implemented, due to time- and labour-demands. ImPACT, a computer-based neuropsychological assessment instrument, has been recognised as a valid and reliable tool in the monitoring of athletes' symptoms and neurocognitive functioning preseason and postconcussion. As a part of larger-scale concussion research conducted on top-team university rugby players, this is an in-depth case study conducted on a 20-year old participant with a history of multiple concussions, who was referred following a concussion sustained during the season. The objectives of the study were: (i) to determine the sensitivity of ImPACT versus WAIS-III Digit Span and Trail Making Test during the acute postconcussive phase; and (ii) to examine the sensitivity of ImPACT versus a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests to possible residual deficits as a result of the multiple concussions. ImPACT was determined to be more sensitive to acute postconcussive impairment following concussion than Digit Span and Trail Making Test. Furthermore, the ImPACT preseason baseline scores appear to be sensitive to neurocognitive dysfunction, possibly due to cumulative concussive injuries.
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Stephen, Dale C. "Investigating history of concussion and data from head impact telemetry (xPatch) in relation to neuropsychological outcomes in a sample of adult rugby players in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22736.
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While Rugby Union has worldwide popularity, with over 5 million registered and nonregistered players participating every year, the game lends itself to a high incidence of concussion among players. Rugby players, more so than that recorded for any other contact sport, including American Football, are also more frequently exposed to head collisions not resulting in concussion (i.e., subconcussive head injuries). Despite some evidence for a potential association between such injuries and acute neurological and neuropsychological difficulties, which may at times persist among some players, overt symptoms still guide the initial on-field response for further concussion management to be initiated. The aim of this study was threefold: 1) to investigate the relationship between rugby players' history of concussion and neuropsychological outcomes, 2) to explore the use of a head impact telemetry (HIT) device in describing high-impact head collisions (and potentially subconcussive injuries), and 3) to explore the relationship between that HIT data and neuropsychological outcomes. Study 1 investigated differences between non-contact sport participants (n = 23) and rugby players with (Rugby Concussed; n = 31), and without a history of concussion (Rugby Not Concussed; n = 26) in a baseline cognitive assessment. Results showed that at the beginning of the rugby season there were no differences in cognitive abilities at a group level; a more severe concussion history was largely not associated with a poorer performance on these cognitive outcomes. Study 2 was a pilot study utilising the xPatch to objectively capture a rugby player's exposure to head impacts in an amateur rugby team (UCT IRL team; n = 8). Although the majority of impacts captured were of a 'mild' severity, there were many acceleration forces, particularly rotational accelerations, recorded above an injury threshold potentially implicated with concussion. Following from this, Study 3 used a prospective and repeated-measures design with the same UCT IRL team, to evaluate a means for investigating a player's neuropsychological vulnerability to high-impact subconcussive head injuries. Using correlational analyses, the Reliable Change Index (RCI) and head collision data from Study 2, there was a lack of evidence to indicate that player's increased exposure to repeated high-impact head collisions results in a generally poorer neuropsychological performance. However, a number of test practice effects are noted. Combined, these findings suggest that (a) identifying possible enduring neuropsychological difficulties retrospectively is limited, and issues such as test-practice effects and test sensitivity should be considered in future, preferably prospective studies, (b) rugby players are vulnerable to sustaining multiple high-impact subconcussive head injuries and the data suggests utility in including HIT like the xPatch, and (c) that implementing a multi-faceted protocol for monitoring rugby players' that negates a reliance on concussion diagnosis is necessary to better understanding individual recovery trajectories.
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Fisher, Steffanie Marie. "Assessing the impact of concussion history on the N200, P300 and reward positivity." Thesis, 2017. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/8931.
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Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are one of the leading causes of disability worldwide (Zitnay, 2008), yet one of the least understood neurological conditions (Duncan, 2005). Research has examined short-term deficits; however, less focus has been on the consequences of multiple concussions. Previous electroencephalography (EEG) concussion research has examined the N200 and P300 human event-related potential (ERP) components, yielding inconclusive results (Duncan, Kosmidis & Mirsky, 2005). An ERP component not as frequently examined is the reward positivity, generated by the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a region which experiences increased anatomical stress following injury.
In this study, 51 students from the University of Victoria took a ‘Concussion Survey’ to determine participant history and groups; no history of concussion, a single injury or multiple injuries (2+). Participants performed an oddball and decision-making task while EEG data was collected.
No significant differences were found between groups for the N200, P300 or reward positivity peak latencies or amplitudes. Both concussion groups yielded attenuated peak amplitudes, but no differences existed between the group with a single concussion versus multiple. Unexpectedly, N200 and reward positivity peak latencies were greater in the group with single injuries, compared to those with a history of multiple concussions.
This study adds to a continuous line of inconclusive research on the N200 and P300, suggesting minimal cognitive deficits result from concussive injuries. Furthermore, no noticeable differences were observed between groups with a single versus multiple injuries. While the ACC is located in a region of increased stress following TBI, functional deficits impacting the reward positivity may not be as significant as previously hypothesized. Results may be impacted by confounding variables, including not reliably being able to account for time since injury, injury severity and differences in gender dispersion of participants. With concussions on the rise, continued research, particularly longitudinally and within-subjects is critical for the advancement of both TBI prevention and management.Graduate
Books on the topic "History of concussion"
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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. Concussion. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.001.0001.
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Concussion is a type of mild traumatic brain injury, is common, and occurs both in sport and as a result of falls or accidents. Concussion has become an increasingly recognized public health concern, largely driven by prominent media coverage of athletes who have sustained concussion. Although much has been written about this condition, its natural history is still not well understood, and practitioners are only now beginning to recognize that concussion often manifests in different clinical domains. These may require targeted treatment in and of themselves; otherwise, persistent post-concussive symptoms may develop. Although most individuals who sustain a concussion recover, and although concussion is a treatable condition, it is important that concussion be managed early and comprehensively to avoid a more prolonged clinical trajectory. A relatively recent term often used in the setting of concussion is repetitive head impact exposure—a biomechanical force applied to the head that does not generate a clinical manifestation of concussion, but may result in structural brain changes. Although it is often assumed that repetitive head impact exposure leads to long-term neurological sequelae, the science to document this assumption is in its infancy. Repeated concussions may lead to depression or cognitive impairment later in life, and there is an emerging literature that repeated concussion and repetitive head impact exposure are associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy or other neurodegenerative diseases. Currently there is no known causal connection between concussion, repetitive head impact exposure, and neurodegeneration, although this research is also still in its infancy.
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De Marco, Anthony P., and Jeffrey T. Barth. Historical Perspectives of Sport-Related Concussion. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.3.
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Evaluation and management of sport-related concussion have received much deserved attention in the wake of recent state legislation and congressional hearings centered on concussion management; however, neuropsychology as a field has been interested in the sequelae of concussive injuries for more than three decades. To provide the historical perspective of sport-related concussion, this chapter begins by exploring the shifts in concussion terminology. While clinically driven, societal and medicolegal influences have clearly exerted a force in shaping the clinical vernacular associated with brain injuries. After reviewing some of the more commonly referenced definitions of concussion proffered over the years, this chapter will examine the history of concussion evaluation and management from a sports neuropsychology perspective.
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Broglio, Steven P. Acute Evaluation and Management of Sport-Related Concussion. Edited by Ruben Echemendia and Grant L. Iverson. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199896585.013.7.
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The acute evaluation and management of concussion are among the most complex and challenging injuries medical practitioners face. The variability in clinical presentation necessitates a systematic approach to the injury evaluation. The evaluation should include a thorough injury history and clinical examination that is supported by objective measures of mental status and motor control. The integration of all information should be used in making the clinical diagnosis.
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Pediatric Collections: Sports Medicine Playbook. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610026109.
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The Pediatric Collections: Sports Medicine Playbook will increase pediatric providers’ understanding of the injuries that young athletes may incur – including their history, treatment, and prevention. Each section includes a unique expert introduction and they cover such topics as the benefits of physical activity, injuries, and concerns including concussions. Available for purchase at https://shop.aap.org/pediatric-collections-sports-medicine-playbook-paperback/
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Standen, Jeffrey. Blood Sports in an Age of Liability. Edited by Michael A. McCann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190465957.013.6.
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This chapter examines how civil liability assessments and criminal convictions have affected the legality of blood sports. Blood sports can be divided into three categories: human versus human contests, human versus animal sports, and animal versus animal fighting. For over a century, blood sports have been under both social and legal attack, resulting in significant changes in most of the historic forms of combat worldwide. The chapter begins with an overview of the most popular violent sports today, including contact sports such as American football and ice hockey. It then considers criminal prosecutions and civil lawsuits that arise from contact sports, including the “concussion suits” filed on behalf of athletes who suffered head injuries. It also discusses the doctrine of assumption of risk in sports and concludes with an analysis of how legislative intervention can obviate private tort liability for latent, chronic injuries to the brain of players.
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Bachynski, Kathleen. No Game for Boys to Play. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469653709.001.0001.
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From the untimely deaths of young athletes to chronic disease among retired players, roiling debates over tackle football have profound implications for more than one million American boys—some as young as five years old—who play the sport every year. In this book, Kathleen Bachynski offers the first history of youth tackle football and debates over its safety. In the postwar United States, high school football was celebrated as a “moral” sport for young boys, one that promised and celebrated the creation of the honorable male citizen. Even so, Bachynski shows that throughout the twentieth century, coaches, sports equipment manufacturers, and even doctors were more concerned with “saving the game” than young boys’ safety—even though injuries ranged from concussions and broken bones to paralysis and death. By exploring sport, masculinity, and citizenship, Bachynski uncovers the cultural priorities other than child health that made a collision sport the most popular high school game for American boys. These deep-rooted beliefs continue to shape the safety debate and the possible future of youth tackle football.
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Crepeau, Richard C. NFL Football. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043581.001.0001.
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A multibillion-dollar entertainment empire, the National Football League is a coast-to-coast obsession that borders on religion and dominates our sports-mad culture. But today's NFL also provides a stage for playing out important issues roiling American society. This updated and expanded edition of NFL Football observes the league's centennial by following the NFL into the twenty-first century, where off-the-field concerns compete with touchdowns and goal line stands for headlines. Richard C. Crepeau delves into the history of the league and breaks down the new era with an in-depth look at the controversies and dramas swirling around pro football today: Tensions between players and Commissioner Roger Goodell over collusion, drug policies, and revenue, including analysis of the 2020 collective bargaining agreement The firestorm surrounding Colin Kaepernick and protests of police violence and inequality Andrew Luck and others choosing early retirement over the threat to their long-term health Paul Tagliabue's role in covering up information on concussions The Super Bowl's evolution into a national holiday Authoritative and up to the minute, NFL Football continues the epic American success story.
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Metzl, Jordan D., ed. Sports Medicine in the Pediatric Office. 2nd ed. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610021234.
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Completely revised and updated, the second edition of this best-selling pediatric sports medicine resource provides step-by-step demonstrations of the examination and evaluation techniques for common sports injuries. The book includes more than 100 images, plus 2+ hours of video covering physical examination keys, when to order radiographs, CT scans, and MRIs; treatment plan development; case-based coverage of common injuries, including ankle and foot, knee and lower leg, shoulder, wrist and elbow, hip and spine, and concussions and preventive strategies. This all encompassing resource allows you to: Walk through case studies that highlight the issues most commonly seen at specific stages of development. View examinations and tests that can help you identify the extent and location of injury. See demonstrations of preventive strengthening exercises. Use proven approaches to diagnosing and managing sports injuries to improve your practice. Learn which test results to obtain and when. New features All chapters fully reviewed and updated New chapter on Trends in Prevention of Sports Injury in the Young Athlete 5 new sport-specific chapters - Soccer - Baseball and softball - Collision sports (football, hockey, lacrosse, and rugby) - Gymnastics - Running Chapters provide: Overview of the sport(s) Overview of the sport history and demographic information in young athletes Cases-based scenarios that highlight the major issues in the sport Suggestions on how pediatric health professionals can ensure the safest sport experience in the sport
Book chapters on the topic "History of concussion"
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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. "Cognitive Dysfunction Following Concussion." In Concussion, edited by Brian Hainline, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres, 225–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.003.0034.
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Cognitive decline has been associated with a history of multiple concussions and repetitive head impact exposure. Cognitive decline may also result from hypopituitary dysfunction, undermanaged post-concussive symptoms, other mental health symptoms and disorders, medical conditions, and a genetic predisposition to neurodegeneration. Cognitive decline may be static or progressive. Any individual who presents with cognitive decline following a history of concussion should undergo a complete neuropsychiatric evaluation, and this should be coupled with a detailed medical and neurological exam to assess for all possible causes of impaired cognition. Neurodegeneration should not be assumed as a result of prior brain injury.
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Hainline, Brian, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres. "Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy." In Concussion, edited by Brian Hainline, Lindsey J. Gurin, and Daniel M. Torres, 239–44. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190937447.003.0036.
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Although a correlation has been noted between brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a causal connection between the two has never been demonstrated. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy is a neurodegenerative condition similar to conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal degeneration. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy can only be diagnosed post mortem, but attempts are underway to develop objective diagnostic tests in living individuals. When individuals who have a history of presumed head injury present with neuropsychiatric symptoms such as behavioral changes or cognitive decline, they should undergo a full neuropsychiatric workup and be managed appropriately for their symptoms.
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Brody, David L. "Excessive Sleepiness." In Concussion Care Manual, 73–76. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199383863.003.0016.
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The definition of clinically important hypersomnia is excessive sleep that interferes with other aspects of life. Take a careful history including from the collateral source. Administer the Epworth sleepiness scale to assess severity. Restrict driving if necessary: A severely hypersomnolent patient can be just as dangerous as an epileptic patient. Refer for an overnight polysomnogram (“sleep study”) at a licensed sleep lab, then treat any underlying disorders causing poor quality sleep. Assess for depression and, if appropriate, treat with an activating antidepressant. Take a careful medication history for substances that can cause hypersomnia and stop them if possible. Rule out a systemic cause. If these are not present or hypersomnia is still impairing after treatment, consider prescribing a very gradually progressive exercise program, a trial of caffeine, modafinil, or a direct stimulant in the most refractory cases.
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Brody, David L. "Typical Flow for a Concussion Clinic." In Concussion Care Manual, 139–40. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199383863.003.0037.
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Many variations are possible. Our clinic runs as follows:Patient is referred to the clinic. Clinic administrator requests medical records. Provider reviews the records and approves initial office visit. Clinic administrator schedules the initial office visit as routine or semi-urgent. Clinic administrator makes sure that the patient brings a reliable collateral source. Patient completes Rivermead Post-Concussive Symptoms Questionnaire. Provider obtains history and exam with documentation performed on a preprinted sheet outlining the most important issues following concussion. Physical therapist and psychometrician see the patient. Provider reviews the data from the physical therapist and psychometrician, performs additional testing, obtains additional history, formulates assessment and discusses plans with patient and collateral source. Provider gives the patient and collateral source a brief hand-written or printed summary of the assessment and plan, then sends medical records to other medical providers.
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Brody, David L. "Excessive Sleepiness." In Concussion Care Manual, edited by David L. Brody, 111–15. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054793.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
The definition of clinically important hypersomnia is excessive sleep that interferes with other aspects of life. Take a careful history, including from the collateral source. Administer the Epworth sleepiness scale to assess severity. Restrict driving if necessary: A severely hypersomnolent driver can be just as dangerous as an epileptic driver. Refer for an overnight polysomnogram (“sleep study”) at a licensed sleep lab, then treat any underlying disorders causing poor-quality sleep. Assess for depression and if appropriate, treat with an activating antidepressant. Take a careful medication history for substances that can cause hypersomnia and stop them if possible. Rule out a systemic cause. If these are not present or hypersomnia is still impairing after treatment, consider prescribing a very gradually progressive exercise program, a trial of caffeine, modafinil, or a direct stimulant in the most refractory cases.
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Brody, David L. "How Do You Make the Diagnosis?" In Concussion Care Manual, 5–6. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199383863.003.0002.
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To make a diagnosis of concussion, you need a reliable history of two things: (1) an acute external physical force applied to the brain and (2) an impairment in the function of the brain directly caused by the external physical force. One or the other is not enough. You need both. You do not need a scan to make the diagnosis. No scan can “rule in” or “rule out” concussion. You do not need to perform a detailed neurological exam to make the diagnosis. The neurological exam is usually unremarkable except for immediately after the concussion. no exam findings “rule in” or “rule out” concussion. A collateral source is key to obtaining a reliable history. The impairment in brain function occurs immediately after the event. The impairment is worst immediately after the event, then gradually improves. There is no other obvious explanation for the impairment.
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Brody, David L. "Attention Deficit." In Concussion Care Manual, 35–44. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199383863.003.0008.
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Many concussion patients who complain about problems with memory actually have an attention deficit. General measures: treat insomnia, stop alcohol, prescribe moderate cardiovascular exercise, and refer for cognitive rehabilitation (occupational and speech therapy). Consider treatment with a stimulant such as methylphenidate (Ritalin), amphetamine mixed salts (Adderall), and atomoxetine (Strattera), if appropriate, with careful monitoring for side effects. Contraindications include uncontrolled seizures, dangerous anxiety, active cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, active psychosis, drug abuse, irresponsible criminal behavior, dangerously underweight, and uncontrolled headaches. Recommend use is 6 days per week 51 weeks per year to reduce tolerance. Some patients find additional benefit from donepezil, rivastigmine, and regulated caffeine use. Approach options: “aggressive,” involving treatment with stimulants primarily based on history; “moderate,” involving treatment with stimulants only in patients with attention performance impairments documented with neuropsychological evaluation; and “conservative,” not including stimulants unless there is a well-documented history of preinjury attention deficit disorder.
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Brody, David L. "How Do You Make the Diagnosis of Concussion?" In Concussion Care Manual, edited by David L. Brody, 9–12. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054793.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
To make a diagnosis of concussion, you need a reliable history of 2 things: (1) An acute external physical force applied to the brain AND (2) An impairment in the function of the brain directly caused by the external physical force. One or the other is not enough. You need both. You do not need a scan or lab test to make the diagnosis. No scan or test can “rule in” or “rule out” concussion. You do not need to perform a detailed neurological exam to make the diagnosis. The neurological exam is usually unremarkable except for immediately after the concussion. No exam findings “rule in” or “rule out” concussion. A collateral source is key to obtaining a reliable history. The impairment in brain function occurs immediately after the event. The impairment is worst immediately after the event, then gradually improves. There is no other obvious explanation for the impairment.
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Brody, David L. "Typical Flow for a Concussion Clinic." In Concussion Care Manual, edited by David L. Brody, 203–5. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054793.003.0039.
Full textAbstract:
Many variations are possible. One successful clinic runs as follows: Patient is referred to the clinic. Clinic administrator requests medical records. Provider reviews the records and approves initial office visit. Clinic administrator schedules the initial office visit as routine or semiurgent. Clinic administrator makes sure that the patient brings a reliable collateral source. Patient completes Rivermead Post-Concussive Symptoms Questionnaire, Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, or other self-report form. Provider obtains history and exam with documentation recorded on a preprinted sheet outlining the most important issues following concussion. Physical therapist and psychometrician see the patient. Provider reviews the data from the physical therapist and psychometrician, performs additional testing, obtains additional history, formulates assessment, and discusses plans with patient and collateral source. Provider gives the patient and collateral source a brief handwritten or printed summary of the assessment and plan, then sends medical records to other medical providers.
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Brody, David L. "Attention Deficit." In Concussion Care Manual, edited by David L. Brody, 54–70. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190054793.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
Many concussion patients who complain about problems with memory actually have an attention deficit. General measures: treat insomnia, stop alcohol, treat migraine with cogniphobia, prescribe moderate cardiovascular exercise, and refer for cognitive rehabilitation (occupational and speech therapy). Consider treatment with a stimulant such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamine mixed salts (Adderall) if appropriate with careful monitoring for side effects. Contraindications include uncontrolled seizures, dangerous anxiety, active cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, active psychosis, drug abuse, irresponsible criminal behavior, dangerously underweight, and uncontrolled headaches. Recommend use 6 days per week 51 weeks per year to reduce tolerance. Additional benefit in some patients from donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and regulated caffeine use. Approach options: “aggressive” involving treatment with stimulants primarily based on history, “moderate” involving treatment with stimulants only in patients with attention performance impairments documented with neuropsychological evaluation, and “conservative” not including stimulants unless there is a well-documented preinjury history of attention deficit disorder.
Conference papers on the topic "History of concussion"
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Schneider, Charles M., Ajay K. Verma, Tamanna T. K. Munia, Mark Romanick, Kouhyar Tavakolian, and Reza Fazel-Rezai. "Analysis of Postural Stability After Concussion Using Empirical Mode Decomposition: A Pilot Study." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3541.
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Maintaining upright stance is a complex process, it requires appropriate functioning of a postural control system which consists of inputs from somatosensory, vestibular, musculoskeletal, and proprioceptive systems as well as from several brain regions [1–4]. A concussion is defined as a brain injury caused due to unexpected acceleration/deceleration of the head causing temporary alteration of brain function and it is a prevalent source of injury to football athletes [1]. With the altered function of the brain, the ability to maintain postural equilibrium becomes challenging due to the inability of individuals to respond promptly to stressors, thus, making maintenance of postural equilibrium rather difficult for individuals with a concussion. Effects of concussion on postural ability are shown to last up to three days post injury [5]. Postural stability test, therefore, can be performed to make a valid return to play (RTP) decision, pre-mature RTP is shown to have been catastrophic due to its potential to permanently impair previously affected region/functioning [1,5]. Postural sway data (center of pressure, COP) is traditionally analyzed to study the postural control. Therefore, COP can provide critical information regarding individual’s ability to maintain upright stance post injury. A more sensitive concussion assessment tool based on electroencephalogram (EEG) is used to accurately track effects of concussion [6]. However, sophisticated electrode placement requirement inhibits its immediate applicability. In current preliminary research, we attempt to differentiate athletes with a history of concussion (experimental) from healthy (control) using postural data. In order to do so, a concept of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was adopted. EMD has shown evidence in the literature to infer vital information pertaining to the complex underlying physiological phenomenon [4, 7–8]. In the current research, the resultant COP (COPr) was decomposed into its finite set of band-limited signals termed as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) [8], a set of linear and nonlinear features were extracted from COPr and its IMfs. Lastly, a test of significance was conducted to infer the potential of postural data for differentiating concussed from healthy athletes.
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Munia, Tamanna T. K., Jeffrey L. Gendreau, Benjamin D. Johnson, Mark Romanick, Kouhyar Tavakolian, and Reza Fazel-Rezai. "Neurocognitive deficits observed on high school football players with history of concussion: A preliminary study." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Electro Information Technology (EIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eit.2016.7535330.
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Munia, Tamanna T. K., Jeffrey L. Gendreau, Ajay K. Verma, Benjamin D. Johnson, Mark Romanick, Kouhyar Tavakolian, and Reza Fazel-Rezai. "Preliminary results of residual deficits observed in athletes with concussion history: Combined EEG and cognitive study." In 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2016.7590635.
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Versteegh, Theo. "327 Lower dynamic neck strength is associated with history of concussion in varsity female soccer players." In IOC World Conference on Prevention of Injury & Illness in Sport 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-ioc.299.
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Ladner, Ian, Kyle Johnson, M. F. Horstemeyer, L. N. Williams, J. Liao, and R. Prabhu. "Simulation Based Development and Analysis of Helmet-to-Helmet Collision." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14649.
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In 2003, a study was conducted to analyze brain-related fatalities in American football. From 1945–1999 a total of 497 fatalities were brain injury-related. Majority of the injuries, 61%, occurred during the football game, and “75% of these were high school players.” The number of high school students was more than 13 times greater than the number of college and professional players combined [1]. While millions of high school students will never make it to the next lever; collegiate and professional players have brought the attention needed to the make advances in the field of helmet design. Further, a study conducted by Bartsch et al. showed that the 20 th and 21 st century football helmet and the “leatherhead” helmets are very similar in their concussion-resistant and shock-mitigating capabilities [2]. In the past few decades, improvements in the helmet design have not addressed shock wave mitigation but rather focused on the strength, durability, and “looks” of the helmet. A major issue stems from the lack of thorough knowledge of the biomechanics and physics of traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to helmet-to-helmet contacts. The current study proposes to an in-depth finite element analysis (FEA) of the helmet-to-helmet collision. The finite element (FE) model consists of a human head clad with helmet with simulations being performed using ABAQUS/Explicit [3]. Here, Helmet-to-helmet impacts will be analyzed to develop a new head injury metric that captures the locational and history effects of the impending shock wave due to collision.
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Sihag, Saurabh, Sebastien Naze, Foad Taghdiri, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, and James R. Kozloski. "GSP Analysis of Brain Imaging Data from Athletes with History of Multiple Concussions." In 2019 IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/globalsip45357.2019.8969487.
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