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Brown, Alexander F. G. (Alexander Frederic Garder) 1970. "Accidents, engineering and history at NASA: 1967-2003." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55162.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 293-320).
The manned spaceflight program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has suffered three fatal accidents: one in the Apollo program and two in the Space Transportation System (the Shuttle). These were the fatal fire in Apollo 204 (Apollo 1) in 1967, the explosion of the Solid Rocket Booster in STS-51L (Challenger) in 1986, and the destruction of the orbiter in STS-107 (Columbia). Three astronauts lost their lives in 1967, and in each Shuttle accident seven astronauts were killed. Following each of these fatal accidents, a significant investigation was conducted and a comprehensive investigation report produced. These investigation reports each served to create public narratives of the reasons for the accidents. The reports shaped the accidents' legacies for the space program and for large-scale complex engineering projects more generally. This thesis re-examines the evidence produced to investigate and explain each accident. By analyzing the investigation reports critically, as well as reviewing the accidents themselves, this work considers how engineering cultures and practices at NASA shifted to meet the changing demands of the space program. It argues that the public narratives of the accidents are not completely congruent with the engineering evidence, and that these very selective narratives are influential in shaping future strengths (and weaknesses) at NASA. By re-examining the accident evidence, the reports, and the role of each accident in shaping NASA engineering cultures, the thesis provides a view of engineering very different from what is apparent in previous historical work on the space program.
by Alexander F.G. Brown.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
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Kung, Ka-kei, and 龔珈奇. "Fall history and perception of the steepness of stairs by community-dwelling elderly." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46455000.
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Armstrong-Price, Amanda. "Infrastructures of Injury| Railway Accidents and the Remaking of Class and Gender in Mid-Nineteenth Century Britain." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10086071.
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As steam-powered industrialization intensified in mid-nineteenth century Britain, the rate and severity of workplace injuries spiked. At the same time, a range of historical dynamics made working class people individually responsible for bearing the effects of industrial injury and carrying on in the aftermath of accidents without support from state or company. By the midcentury, railway accidents were represented as events that put on display the moral character of individual rail workers and widows, rather than — as in radical rhetorics of previous decades — the rottenness of state or company bureaucracies. Bearing injury or loss in a reserved manner came to appear as a sign of domestic virtue for working class women and men, though the proper manifestations of this idealized resilience varied by gender. Focusing on dynamics in the railway and nursing sectors, and in the sphere of reproduction, Infrastructures of Injury shows how variously situated working class subjects responded to their conditions of vulnerability over the second half of the nineteenth century. These responses ranged from individualized or family-based self-help initiatives to — beginning in the 1870s — strikes, unionization drives, and the looting of company property. Ultimately, this dissertation tells a story about how working class cultural and political practices were remade through the experience of injury and loss.
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Pierce, Marlyn R. "Earning their wings: accidents and fatalities in the United States Army Air Forces during flight training in World War Two." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16879.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of History
Donald J. Mrozek
This study analyzes the effect of the Army Air Forces’ wartime experience on the selection and training of aviation cadets and the steps taken by the Army Air Forces to reduce the number of accidents and fatalities. Over the course of the war, the US Army Air Forces suffered over 54,000 accidents in the continental United States. These accidents accounted for over 15,000 fatalities, the equivalent of a World War Two infantry division. As a result of this wartime experience the Army Air Forces began instituting and enforcing stricter safety measures and emphasizing safety in all phases of training. By the end of the war, the Army Air Forces had transitioned from an organization with loose standards for selection, training, and safety to one with formal procedures for all three. In the process, the Army Air Forces established a new culture of professionalism for the US Air Force.
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Whipple, Julie Doran. "Crash Course: The Decisions That Brought Down United Flight 173." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2364.
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In December 1978, United Airlines Flight 173 arriving in Portland from Denver with 189 people aboard crash-landed in a suburb at 157th and East Burnside. Ten people were killed and dozens more were injured. The jet ran out of fuel after it had circled for an hour while the crew tried to determine what was wrong with the right main landing gear, which had fallen with a huge double jolt on extension.
The investigation that followed the crash placed the blame squarely on the pilot for his negligence in failing to monitor his fuel supply, and secondarily on his crew members, who failed to adequately communicate their concerns about it. The accident was a watershed event in what would become known in the airline industry as crew resource management, a communication model designed to reduce human error by fostering collaborative decision-making and assertiveness training.
In the years that have followed the accident, very little has changed in the narrative surrounding it. Articles and docudramas on the plane crash consistently repeat the tale as is, blaming the pilot and shedding no light on the factors that led to the in-flight emergency or on United's role in contributing to the crash.
This thesis is a "cold-case" investigation that reveals those contributing factors, which have been so thoroughly ignored. In the words of renowned attorney F. Lee Bailey, "The rule of law requires that all parties who contribute to an accident share in the responsibility for whatever harm has been caused." This is the untold story of all the decisions that brought down United Flight 173, and of the responsibilities heretofore overlooked.
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Rennie, Paul. "An investigation into the design, production and display contexts of industrial safety posters produced by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents during WW2 and a catalogue of posters." Thesis, University of the Arts London, 2005. http://ualresearchonline.arts.ac.uk/5661/.
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The industrial safety posters produced by Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) during WW2 are evidence of a politically progressive, socially engaged and mass-produced graphic communication in Britain. These characteristics allow the RoSPA posters to qualify, by Walter Benjamin’s criteria, as exemplars of Modernist cultural production in the age of mechanical reproduction. The emergence of these images, within the unlikely context of war, is evidence of the social change identified by George Orwell as a necessary condition of victory. Furthermore, the presence of this material, within an English context, counters the prevailing orthodoxy of an English resistance to Modernism. The thesis describes the administrative and technical determinants of the posters, as indicated by the structure of RoSPA, the personalities behind the campaign and the technical expertise of the printers; Loxley Brothers of Sheffield. Quaker and Nonconformist antecedents are revealed to define the values of both administration and printers. The thesis explores the RoSPA posters’ use of Surrealist techniques and iconography and also their appeal to a wider and international Left community. The address of the RoSPA posters to the neophyte industrial worker offers the opportunity, exemplified by the special case of women workers, to project an “imagined community” beyond the normal tribal and class distinctions of British society through “Social Vision.” The RoSPA posters make explicit a connection, within English Modernism, between community, technology, progress and dissent. A catalogue of posters is appended to the thesis. The RoSPA posters reaffirm the progressive, emancipatory and radical quality of the popular experience of the Home-Front in Britain during WW2. The social changes, precipitated by the circumstances of war, of which the RoSPA posters are a manifestation, alter the role of graphic designer in relationship to community through an embrace of technology. The concept of graphic authorship is, in consequence, irrevocably changed.
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Harrington, Ralph. "The neuroses of the railway : trains, travel and trauma in Britain, c.1850-c.1900." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28dfe6cd-64ea-4924-a7bd-234c002c0fae.
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This thesis explores some aspects of the cultural history of the railway during the latter half of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth. It argues that the railway was of central importance in creating and shaping Victorian attitudes to the machine and to mechanized civilization in a world increasingly dominated by large scale-technologies. In particular, it explores the significance of negative responses to the railway - fear, anxiety, nervousness, alarm, revulsion - in influencing a range of social, cultural and medical responses to the perceived degenerative threat of technological civilization. The four chapters of the thesis are organized so as to provide a progressive tightening of focus on particular aspects of the railway's significance in this context. The first, most wide-ranging, chapter explores the ways in which the Victorian railway was perceived as both an icon of progress and civilization and as a disruptive, threatening, destructive force. In particular, it seeks to establish the deep-rooted, enduring and influential nature of the fear and anxiety which the railway provoked. The second chapter is concerned with the railway journey as an experience, relating the ambivalence with which the railway was viewed to the journey as a sensory, physical and mental experience. The third chapter focuses on the accident as the most dramatic instance of the dangers of the railway, and relates its significance in contemporary culture to the wider context of the fears provoked by increasingly powerful and potentially destructive technologies. The fourth and final chapter explores the phenomenon of 'railway spine', the obscure nervous condition supposedly suffered by railway accident victims who had seemingly received no actual organic injury, but nonetheless displayed nervous, mental and physical symptoms of serious bodily disorder.
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Bui, Tran Anh-Dao. "The Birth of a Bridge. The Building of the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, 1853- 1859." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL131.
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L’imposant pont Victoria, long d’environ trois kilomètres, est le premier pont à avoir enjambé le St Laurent. Construit à Montréal entre 1853 et 1859, il est d’une importance cruciale pour le projet ferroviaire du Grand Tronc (GT), dont l’ambition est de relier le Canada Est et le Canada Ouest aux ports maritimes de l’Atlantique et ainsi à l’Europe. Une firme de célèbres entrepreneurs britanniques, Peto, Brassey, Jackson et Betts, est en charge de la construction de la section la plus importante du GT ainsi que du pont Victoria, conçu par l’éminent Robert Stephenson et son assistant Alexander Ross, l’ingénieur en chef du GT au Canada. Il s’agit d’un pont tubulaire dont la construction, achevée deux ans en avance malgré des difficultés financières et diverses épreuves, emploie parfois plus de 3000 ouvriers. Cette thèse contribue à la discussion sur le rôle du Canada dans l'histoire impériale, mais aussi à l'histoire de la circulation des hommes et des savoirs dans un contexte d'industrialisation croissante et de développement mondial du génie civil britannique. Elle étudie les relations entre employeurs et ouvriers sur le chantier et soutient que le pont Victoria est une étude de cas permettant d'analyser le paternalisme et le développement du capitalisme industriel et du travail salarié dans le Canada du XIXe siècle, avec une attention particulière portée à l'analyse du risque et des accidentsThe impressive, three kilometres Victoria Bridge across the St Lawrence River, built 1853-1859 in Montreal, was crucially important to the ambitious Grand Trunk Railway (GTR) project designed to better connect Canada East and Canada West to one another, to Atlantic seaports, and thus to Europe. A partnership of famous British contractors, Peto, Brassey, Jackson, and Betts, built the most important section of the GTR and the Victoria Bridge, designed by the eminent Robert Stephenson with his assistant Alexander Ross, the GTR’s engineer-in-chief in Canada. Construction of this massive bridge of tubular design, finished two years ahead of schedule despite financial difficulties and hardships of various natures, at times required the employment of 3000 or more workers. This dissertation contributes to the discussion on the role of Canada in imperial history, but also to the history of the circulation of men and knowledge in a context of rising industrialism and worldwide development of British civil engineering. It analyses the labour relations on the worksite, and argues that the Victoria Bridge is a case study to analyse paternalism and the development of industrial capitalism and wage employment in nineteenth-century Canada, with a particular focus on the analysis of risk and accidents
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Beaven, Stephen W. "Rebound: The Resurrection of a Hometown Team." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1182.
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On Dec. 13, 1977, the University of Evansville men's basketball team, its coaches and other university employees were killed in a plane crash at Dress Regional Airport on the city's north side. Months later, a brash outsider named Dick Walters began rebuilding the basketball program. Four years later, he led the Purple Aces to the school's first Division 1 NCAA tournament. This thesis explores the relationship between the town and the team in the years after the crash.
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Schaub, Katherine Elizabeth. "Give Us an Emergency Hospital, The Sooner, The Better: A Progressive Era Experiment in American Health Care." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1596615005804562.
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Midal, Alexandra. "Design par accident : pour une nouvelle histoire du design." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010644.
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Les publications en 1936 de "Pioneers of Modern Movement" de Nikolaus Pevsner suivie par "La Mécanisation au pouvoir" de Siegfried Giedion en 1948 constituent les deux narrations originelles d'une histoire du design. Cependant, pas plus Pevsner que Giedion n'a voulu établir une quelconque histoire du design. Le premier développait une généalogie de l'architecture moderne tandis que le second concevait un panorama de l'invention et de l'ingéniosité anonyme. Ces deux récits en faveur de l'architecture et du mouvement moderne font office d'origine à une histoire du design encore peu établie, par conséquent, nous nous sommes interrogés sur l'impact de ces conceptions partisanes sur le design, et si de telles circonstances n'avaient pas donné naissance au design par accident. Cette thèse a consisté à interroger la permanence de concepts qui s'imposent depuis Pevsner et à l'opposé de son énoncé à retracer une généalogie alternative débutant avec les féministes abolitionnistes américaines, et entrelaçant constamment les « oublis» et « dénis» de l'histoire du design. Afin d'engager une nouvelle historiographie du design, nous nous sommes concentrés sur la rupture épistémologique marquée par l'opposition à la fin des années 1960 entre le Controdesign des architectes radicaux et l’Antidesign énoncé par [oe Colombo. Ce dernier a permis de repenser l'histoire du design dans une dimension autonome vis-à-vis de l'architecture, le dernier axe de cette thèse s'est engagé dans le réexamen de l'histoire du design depuis William Morris jusqu'aujourd'hui dans la seule perspective de la dynamique expansionniste qui caractérise la discipline du design.
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Gorbatyuk, K. S. "Accidental invention of velcro." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45590.
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What is necessary for invention? Inventions require months or even years of research and experiments. However, history is replete with cases of casual inventions, which have brought huge benefits to mankind.
One of such inventions is Velcro fastener. Original name of this invention comes from the French word Velcro which means agrimony. In English-speaking countries this invention is called - Hook & Loop.
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Bellenger, Claire. "Histoire de l'assurance de dommages en France." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020023/document.
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Balbutiante à la fin de l’Ancien Régime, interdite sous la Révolution, quasi inexistante sous le premier Empire, l’assurance de dommages réapparut sous la Restauration pour prendre son envol sous le second Empire. La Révolution avait certes interdit les sociétés d’assurances, mais en sacralisant l’individu elle a développé le besoin de sécurité et donc à terme le besoin d’assurances. Ce sont des créateurs humanistes qui relancèrent l’idée d’assurance en concevant les premières mutuelles contournant ainsi l’interdiction révolutionnaire. L’assurance de dommages s’est construite sur la science des jurisconsultes et sur la jurisprudence. Le législateur est intervenu tardivement, en 1930, alors que les compagnies d’assurances avaient déjà pris leur essor. Au XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, il s’agissait de protéger ses biens contre les risques d’incendie. La société française étant alors essentiellement agricole, les assurances couvraient aussi le risque de grêle et la mortalité du bétail. L’industrialisation de la France a contribué au développement des contrats de responsabilité professionnelle et aussi de responsabilité civile. L’assurance automobile en est un exemple. Aujourd’hui, l’assurance est une activité complexe exigeant une grande technicité et à forts enjeux financiers. Elle est dans de nombreux cas devenue obligatoire. Pourquoi avoir interdit les sociétés d’assurances sous la Révolution ? Comment s’est construite et s’est développée l’assurance avant que le législateur n’intervienne ? Quelle a été son évolution et quel fut le rôle de l’État après la loi de 1930? C’est à ces questions que nous tenterons de répondre au cours de cette étudeHistory of property and casualty insurance in France In its infancy at the end of the Ancien Régime, forbidden under the Revolution, almost non-existent under the first Empire, property and casualty insurance reappeared under the Restoration to take off under the second Empire. The Revolution had admittedly forbidden insurance companies, but by making sacred the individual it developed the need for security and thus eventually the need for insurance. Humanist creators re-launched the idea of insurances by creating the first mutual insurance companies thereby bypassing the revolutionary ban. Property and casualty insurance built itself on the science of the lawyers and on jurisprudence. The legislator intervened later, in 1930, although insurance companies had continued to develop. Initially it was a question of protecting ones possessions against fire risks. The French society being then essentially agricultural, the insurances also covered the risk of hail and the mortality of the cattle. The industrialization of France contributed to the development of the contracts of professional and civil liability. The automobile insurance is an example. Today the business of insurance is a highly technical and complex activity with high financial stakes. In numerous cases it is compulsory. What were the reasons for forbidding insurance companies under the Revolution? How did the insurance business develop before the legislator intervened? What changed and what was the part of the government after the law of 1930? We shall try to answer these questions by this study
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Berdine, Michael Denis. "The accidental tourist, Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, Islamic reform and the British invasion of Egypt in 1882." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289705.
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The British invasion and occupation of Egypt in 1882 has long been a subject of interest for British Empire and Middle Eastern historians. This action by the Gladstone government is considered central to any discussion of the British in the Middle East and North Africa. As a result, its causes and major personalities have been examined in detail and discussed at length. Wilfrid Scawen Blunt (1840-1922), however, has generally been overlooked, ignored, or dismissed as inconsequential by historians of these events. While words like "naive," "gadfly," "romantic" and other less charitable terms have been used by historians and others to characterize him, it is the contention of this paper that Blunt's attempts to mediate the crisis did have an impact on the course of events. Moreover, recent research, in particular that of Alexander Scholch in his Egypt for the Egyptians! The Socio-Political Crisis in Egypt 1878-82 , has shown that Blunt's The Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt: Being a Personal Narrative of Events is a generally reliable and accurate resource concerning what took place in Cairo and London in 1882. Furthermore, Blunt was the victim of a government coverup aided and abetted by a jingoist London press at the time. Thus, his cause was considered treasonous in some quarters and his integrity questioned. The subsequent publication of the memoirs of others involved in the events supported the government's story (and their own involvement) only added to the negative perception of Blunt. As a result, his attempts to bring about a peaceful resolution of the Egyptian crisis in 1882 have generally been ignored by historians and Blunt considered to be of little consequence in the outcome of the entire episode. This paper will show that this attitude towards Blunt is unwarranted and unjustified. Furthermore, his attempts to mediate the crisis were a factor in the British invasion and occupation of Egypt. Finally, it will show that omission of Blunt and his activities, as well as his Secret History as a source, in any discussion of the British invasion and occupation of Egypt in 1882 makes that work incomplete.
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Moses, Julia Margaret. "Industrial accident compensation policies, state and society in Britain, Germany and Italy, 1870-1925." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609115.
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Najjar, Hala M. "Using historic accident data to estimate the potential fatalities due to chemical hazards." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/36116.
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Inherent safety is that which is intrinsic to a chemical plant. Chemical plants should be designed to be acceptably safe and it is better if this can be achieved through inherent safety, which cannot be compromised, rather than added-on engineered safety. The earlier that inherent safety is considered, the greater are the benefits. The aim of this project is to develop a method which can be used to assess the inherent safety of a chemical plant, by estimating the potential number of fatalities in the event of a catastrophic accident. This method is intended for use in the early phases of design when the major decisions on the chemical process are made. In the early stages, only limited information about equipment and plant layout exist as well as the reaction chemistry and the physical, chemical and toxicity properties of the chemicals involved.
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Foasso, Cyrille Ramunni Girolamo. "Histoire de la sûreté de l'énergie nucléaire civile en France (1945-2000) technique d'ingénieur, processus d'expertise, question de société /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2003. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr:8080/sdx/theses/lyon2/2003/foasso_c.
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Guibert, Jean-Sébastien. "Mémoire de mer, océan de papiers : naufrage, risque et fait maritime à la Guadeloupe (Petites Antilles) fin XVIIe - mi XIXe siècles." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0607.
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Cette thèse explore les relations entre histoire et archéologie sous-marine pour étudier le risque de perte en mer aux Petites Antilles à travers l' exemple de la Guadeloupe. Le phénomène du naufrage est envisagé comme un prisme pour aborder les aspects maritimes de l'histoire de la Guadeloupe à l' époque de la marine à voile, entre la fin du XVIIe siècle et la première moitié du XIXe siècle. L' étude repose sur un dépouillement exhaustif de la correspondance administrative et des sondages ciblés dans les archives de la Marine et de quelques-uns des principaux ports du royaume de France liés aux Antilles (Nantes, Bordeaux, Le Havre, Marseille). Le naufrage est défini à travers une étude quantitative des pertes en mer : nombre, fréquence, localisation, répartition chronologique. Cette perspective conduit à qualifier le phénomène de sériel mais marginal en comparaison avec la fréquentation maritime, ce qui n' ôte pas de son intérêt en tant que clé de lecture d'une colonie française d' Amérique et de son économie et de sa société si part iculières , entre cultures d'exportation et esclavage. Environ 550 naufrages son répertoriés en archives entre la fin du XVIIe siècle et le début du XIXe siècle, ce qui représente moins de 1 % de la fréquentation maritime de la colonie. Il s' agit d'un phénomène essentiellement côtier et portuaire lié à la survenue d'événements climatiques exceptionnels (coups de vent et ouragans). Mais, ponctuellement, d'autres causes sont mises en évidence. L'objectif est de dresser une typologie des pertes en mer s'intéressant aussi bien aux différents types de navires perdus qu'à leur fonction , leur cargaison et leur équipage. La question de la perception des risques de pertes (conditions de navigation, dangers d'échouage, aléas climatiques) est envisagée pour analyser les relations entre risques et les moyens mis en oeuvre pour en réduire l'impact. Les différentes pistes allant des premières missions à caractère hydrographique au XVIIIe siècle, aux premiers aménagements portuaires au XIXe siècle, sont étudiées pour voir si elles répondent aux risques de pertes en mer. L'étude des documents d'archives trouve une application dans l'évaluation du potentiel archéologique sous-marin de la Guadeloupe. Celui-ci est évalué à une fourchette entre 50 et 120 sites d'épaves. La lecture critique des sources propose par ailleurs des hypothèses d'identification de 5 sites sur les 15 sites d' épaves anciennes connus, permettant ainsi une vision différente de la question des risques maritimesThis Ph D explores relationships between history and underwater archaeology in order to study the martime risks in West Indies through the example of Guadeloupe. Shipwreck phenomenon is presented as a prism to analyze maritime aspect of Guadeloupe history during the time of sailing, from the end of 17th to first half of 19th century. The study is based on a archivaI analysis of administrative correspondence and surveys in marine archives and French kingdom main ports linked with West Indies. Shipwreck is defined through an quantitative study of losses : quantity, frequency, localization, chronological spread. This point of view permits to qualify the this phenomenon as serial but low regarding to the maritime activity, This fact is not a lack in order to use this event as a reading key of an American French colony, its economy and society. About 550 shipwrecks have been recorded from the end of 17th to first half of 19th century, thi represents less than 1% of maritime activity of the colony .. This phenomenon is mainly a coastal and a port event, linked with climatic hazard as hurricanes, but the study focused also on others causes . The objective is to set up a losses' typology dealing with ships types, functions, cargos, and crews. The perception of losses risks (seafaring conditions, wrecks dangers and climatic hazards) is presented in order to analyze relationships between risks and means in order to prevent them or reduce their consequences. Different projects from first hydrographical missions during 18th century to first ports building projects at the beginning of 19th century have been studied in order to establish if they answer the losses risks
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Orselli, Jean. "Usages et usagers de la route : pour une histoire de moyenne durée (1860-2008)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010523.
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Bicyclettes et automobiles pénètrent vers 1900 Ie marche des voitures attelées. Des textes spécifiques visant une meilleure sécurité sont refondus dans Ie Code de fa route de 1921, élabore avec les associations d'usagers. Après 1920, la mobilité croit vivement. L' essentiel des règles de circulation est acquis en 1939. Une Ordonnance de 1958 rem place la Loi de 1851. Le développement de l'automobile de masse augmente Ie nombre des victimes après 1960. Des règles complémentaires, limitation des vitesses sur route, port de la ceinture de sécurité et du casque, limitation de l'alcoolisation des conducteurs, élabores a partir de 1959, ne sont édictées qu'après 1970. Le nombre des tués commence a décroître. Les associations s' étiolent après 1970. La répression indispensable ne peut s'imposer. Une nouvelle politique vise la responsabilisation des usagers après 1981. Elle fera faillite et un renversement augmentant la répression divisera par deux Ie nombre de tués entre 2001 et 2008.
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Tola, Adrian Patricio. "Development of a Comprehensive Linear Response History Analysis Procedure for Seismic Load Analysis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36106.
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This thesis reviews the parameters required to perform linear response history analysis according to Chapter 16 of the American Standard ASCE 7-10. A careful analysis is presented about the selection of ground motions using real records and using artificial records generated such that their response spectrum matches with a defined target spectrum; three different techniques are studied for the generation of these artificial records. Also, this document revises the scaling of ground motion techniques in the American Standard ASCE-7 as well as in other seismic codes. It presents a detailed analysis of the variables influencing the scaling of ground motions, and it suggests a new scaling technique for linear response history analysis. The assumptions made establishing the flexibility of the diaphragms are also analyzed as well as dynamic methods to include accidental torsion when doing a linear response history analysis. Other modeling issues such as the orientation of the ground motion axis, scaling of element forces and displacements, orthogonal loading, solution techniques, P-Delta effects, modeling of the basement, and calculation of drifts are also studied in the context of linear response history analysis. The thesis concludes with suggested code language for linear response history analysis intended to be considered in future editions of the American Standard ASCE 7.Master of Science
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Storck, Alfredo-Carlos. "Les modes et les accidents de l'être : études sur la métaphysique d'Avicenne et sa réception dans l'Occident latin." Tours, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUR2031.
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Le thèse porte sur la structure et les principaux concepts de la métaphysique d'Avicienne dans sa version latine. La première partie analyse la conception avicienne de la métaphysique en tant que science suprême, ses différences par rapport aux autres sciences et sa place à l'intérieur du sytème du savoir humain. On y démontre également que la conception d'Avicienne diffère de celle d'Aristoteet que les différences relèvent de la compréhension de la struture logique des propositions réduplicatives. Le dernier chapitre de la première partie étudie la réception de la conception avicienne de la métaphysiquedans l'Occident latin, surtout en ce qui concerne la Summa Halensis, Vincent de beauvais et Albert le grand. La seconde partie propose l'analyse conceptuelle des prinicpes de la métaphysique avicienne, de la notion de l'être, de ses modes et de leurs accidents. On étudie également l'évolution historique de la critique des Latins des notions aviciennes d'essence et de possibilité, surout en ce qui concerne Guillaume d'Auvergne, Thomas d'Aquin et Henri de gand. Le dernier chapitre recherche l'influence des oeuvres d'Algazel dans la transmission des notions aviciennes d'essence et d'existence. Elle examine également l'influence de ses notions chez Albert le Grand.
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Aubanel, Mireille. "Assurance et accidents de la circulation : la jurisprudence de la cour d'appel de Montpellier en 1937 et 1938." Montpellier 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985MON10024.
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HLIL, GNELBIN NICA. "Les accidents du travail et les maladies professionnelles. Opacite sociale et sante du travailleur dans le regime capitaliste - un cas : la france (discours - chiffres - histoire)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20039.
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Cette these se propose de demontrer les mecanismes des resistances sociales qui entourent la sante au travail dans le regime capitaliste analyser les discours, les chiffres (1969-1988) et l'histoire (du 19e s, a nos jours) des a. T et m. P en france | les discours (patronaux et ouvriers) font apparaitre la naturalisation du phenomene. Ils consacrent la notion de risque au travail et masquent l'adhesion a l'ideologie qui fait dependre la sante du profit escompte. Les chiffres revelent les effets sociaux que produit du social cristallise sur les representations sociales. Ils demontrent les effets pervers que la retichisation des institutions sociales finit par imposer aux perceptions sociales. L'histoire temoigne que les resistances sociales depuis le 19e s. N'ont pu se constituer et se maintenir successivement que parce que chaque periode a su les organiser pour qu'elles paraissent naturelles et non sociales. Autrement dit, nous avons cher che a prouver : l'antinomie existante entre deux profits et la sante dans le systeme capitaliste, ce contrairement aux croyances "scientis tes" couramment admises. Alors l'opacite sociale qui entoure la sante du travailleur ne devient donc en realite qu'une tentative d'evacuation de l'explication sociale des faits sociauxThis thesis means to prove the works of social resistance wich surround the health for in the capitalist system : to parse a speech, the numbe s (1969-1988) and the history (of nineteenth century to nowadays) of working accidents accidents and occupationals diseases in france| the speeches (employers and workers) make visible the naturalization of the phenomenon. They have a smaltering risk at work and mask the adherence to ideology wich rely on health in order to take the fetichism tage. The numbers indicate the depraved effects that the fetichism of social establishment end to impose on collecting benfits. The history gives evidence of the social resistance since nineteenth century cannot incorporate and maintain successively because each erahas known how to organize them so that they appear natural and not social. In other words, we have tried to prove : existing between two benefits and the health in the capitalist system ; this is unlike to "scientists" belief generally admitted. In that case, the social opaqueners wich encircle the worker health becomes therefore in reality an evacuation attempt of social explanation of social facts
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Dailey, Zachary Elijah. "Finding the Rhythms and the Accidental Poetry: Annie Baker and the Condition of a Contemporary Female Playwright." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1439378464.
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Foasso, Cyrille. "Histoire de la sûreté de l'énergie nucléaire civile en France (1945-2000) : technique d'ingénieur, processus d'expertise, question de société." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/foasso_c.
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Cette thèse retrace l'histoire de la maîtrise du risque présenté par les installations nucléaires civiles en France, ce qu'on appellera à partir de 1960 la "sûreté nucléaire". Au cours de la cinquantaine d'années qui séparent la découverte de la fission de son application industrielle sur une vaste échelle, la thèse montre que les moyens techniques ont été mis en œuvre au fil du temps par les ingénieurs afin de gérer ce risque réputé colossal, quel processus d'expertise et de décision ont été élaborés pour en apprécier l'acceptabilité, en relation avec les perceptions et les réactions de la société. Au-delà des conflits entre partisans et opposants à l'énergie nucléaire, ce travail montre comment au sein même de la communauté des ingénieurs du nucléaire, la distinction croissante des rôles entre promoteurs, experts et autorité de contrôle, mais aussi les différences de métiers entre concepteurs, constructeurs et exploitants, ont suscité des appréciations différentes quant aux modalités d'obtention d'une bonne sûreté. Celle-ci s'est progressivement perfectionnée grâce aux progrès des connaissances dûs aux programmes de recherches, grâce aux enseignements tirés du fonctionnement et des dysfonctionnements des installations, au renforcement des exigences réglementaires reflétant plus ou moins l'état de l'opinion à l'égard de cette industrie. Une telle histoire est ainsi multiple, histoire technique des techniques, histoire d'organisations scientifiques, industrielles, administratives, histoire sociale, histoire internationale et comparative enfin, car l'histoire de l'énergie atomique se déroule très tôt dans un cadre qui dépasse les frontières nationalesThis doctoral dissertation relates the history of the mastery of risks in civil nuclear plants in France. Since 1960, it's known as the sûreté nucléaireʺ. Over a fifty-year period separating the discovery or the atomic fission and its industrial application on a large scale this PhD shows which technical means were used over the years by engineers to handle this risk which is said to be huge. It also studies the various processes in expert evaluation and in decision making elaborated to evaluate if the risk was acceptableor not. Beyond the conflicts between nuclear advocates and opponents, this thesis shows how ever among nuclear engineer the growing distinction between roles (promoters, experts and controlling authorities) and the various jobs (designers, builders and plant operators) triggered different estimations as far as the methods to obtain a satisfactory safety. Thanks to the progress of knowledge through research programs, thanks to the lessons drawn from the functioning or dysfunctioning of nuclear plants, thanks to the reinforcement of regulations (which more or less reflects the public's opinion concerning this industry) the safety has progressively improved. Thus, this historical study is multiple: a technical history of technology, a history of scientific, industrial and administrative organization, a social history and finally an international and comparative history since the nuclear energy history quickly developped beyond national boundaries
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Jürgensen, Frauke. "Accidentals in the mid-fifteenth century : a computer-aided study of the Buxheim organ book and its concordances." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85921.
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The Buxheim Organ Book, the largest fifteenth-century manuscript of keyboard tablature, has never before been examined as a whole in light of musica ficta issues, although it contains far more accidentals than any contemporaneous source in mensural notation. Although tablature has been used by various scholars to examine accidentals in sixteenth-century music, studies of fifteenth-century accidentals have focussed on theoretical evidence and small groups of pieces from mensural sources. The author uses the Buxheim Organ Book to extend the investigations of accidentals in tablature back into the fifteenth century, combining the large data set provided by this manuscript with a statistical approach modelled on that of Thomas Brothers's smaller-scale study of the chansons of Binchois. Specialised computer programs are introduced, which detect musical structures relevant to the analysis of Renaissance music such as different types of cadential voice leading. These programs function as extensions to David Huron's Humdrum Toolkit. With these tools, signing practises in the intabulations are statistically compared with all of the concordances of the models. Conclusions are suggested pertaining to issues of signature accidental transmission, partial signatures, mode, and musica ficta, which can be used as a contextual backdrop for the analysis of individual pieces. The evidence provided by the accidentals in Buxheim and its concordances draws a clear picture of how a group of fifteenth-century musicians added accidentals to polyphonic music. For the first time, this study provides us with principles and guidelines for musica ficta -decisions based on actual practice.
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Clutterbuck, Lindsay. "An accident of history? : the evolution of counter terrorism methodology in the Metropolitan Police from 1829 to 1901, with particular reference to the influence of extreme Irish Nationalist activity." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247489.
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Faúndez, Viveros Ximena. "Montaje y farsa política como estrategias reflexivas en Muerte accidental de un anarquista." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2014. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/130409.
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Batista, Carlos Eduardo. "Gente Ambev: a trajetória da “gestão do trabalho” que levou a primeira multinacional brasileira ao centro do capitalismo mundial." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19004.
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This research is about the social control mode development work performed by the beverage company Ambev, even before the official origin of the Company. Through the testimony of 16 workers, one of whom is the wife of a former employee, sought to grasp the transformation dynamics patterns of “work management” of the company in three different stages of its growth. Over the 1990s, when the Cervejaria Brahma was acquired by Banco Garantia, between 1999 and 2003, when it merged its operations with Cia Antarctica Paulista, originating the Ambev; and from 2003, when Ambev joined the Belgian brewer Interbrew, creating InBev. In each of these moments, the company had a different size and a different way of managing work. Our research sought to identify these as well as the changing dynamics. Used as sources of this dissertation: the union newsletter Saca Rolha, edited and published by the union of brewers of the city of São Paulo between 1986 and 1990; the reports published by Gazeta Mercantil in October and November 1989, various reports available in the collection of the Centro Pastoral Vergueiro; Newspaper reports Vale do Paraíba in October 1990; reports Gazeta Mercantil published in July 1999 and Ambev the Annual Reports of its first 10 years
A presente pesquisa trata do desenvolvimento do modo de controle social do trabalho exercido pela empresa de bebidas Ambev, ainda antes da origem oficial da Companhia. Por meio do depoimento de 15 trabalhadores e da esposa de um ex-funcionário, buscou-se apreender a dinâmica da transformação dos modelos de “gestão do trabalho” da empresa em três etapas diferentes de seu crescimento. Ao longo dos anos 1990, quando a Cervejaria Brahma foi adquirida pela Banco Garantia; entre 1999 e 2003, quando esta fundiu suas operações com a Cia. Antarctica Paulista, originando a Ambev; e a partir de 2003, quando a Ambev se uniu à cervejaria belga Interbrew, dando origem à In- Bev. Em cada um desses momentos, a empresa tinha um tamanho diferente e uma forma diferente de controlar o trabalho. Nossa pesquisa buscou identificá-los, assim como a dinâmica das mudanças. Utilizamos como fontes de pesquisa o boletim sindical Saca Rolha, editado e publicado pelo sindicato dos cervejeiros da cidade de São Paulo entre 1986 e 1990; as reportagens publicadas pela Gazeta Mercantil entre outubro e novembro de 1989, diferentes reportagens disponíveis no acervo do Centro Pastoral Vergueiro, reportagens do jornal Vale Paraibano de outubro de 1990, reportagens da Gazeta Mercantil publicadas em julho de 1999 e os Relatórios Anuais da Ambev de seus 10 primeiros anos
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Tso, Cheuk-yiu Charmaine. "Accidental conservation the making of SoHo, a case study on how property prices have driven gentrification to be a mean of conserving post-war Tong Lau /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182943.
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Galli, Lucia Maria Sara. "The accidental pilgrimage of a rich beggar : the account of tshong dpon Kha stag 'Dzam yag's travels through Tibet, Nepal, and India (1944-1956)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:28e5ea72-794c-443e-b626-651a71a0974a.
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The Tibetan literary corpus offers a wide array of (auto)biographical accounts; Tibetans have been recollecting - and narrating - life stories in earnest since the "later diffusion" (Tib. phyi dar) of Buddhism in the 11th century. The hybrid essence of life writing, suspended between fact and fiction, finds a perfect expression in the text at the core of the present dissertation, i.e. the journal (Tib. nyin deb) of a 20th century Khams pa trader, Kha stag 'Dzam yag. The text records the events, travels, and impressions experienced by the author between 1944 and 1956; structured like a diary, this autodiegetic text, originally written in a scroll-paper format, was later edited and finally published in India in 1997. Two different heuristic devices, i.e. narratology and socio-economic analysis, are used in the present dissertation to analyse the structure and content of the nyin deb, as well as the author's idiosyncrasies emerging from the process of narrativisation. Whereas the narratological approach allows the identification of the interplay of memory, self, and culture in the socio-historical context of mid-20th century Tibet, the socio-economic analysis reflects on the nyin deb as a form of social history rather than personal narrative. The identification of "true", historical facts confirms the author's claims to factuality, thus providing unique information and insight regarding the political and economic role of Khams pa traders in 1940s-1950s Tibet, as well as the development of new pilgrimage rituals and the emergence of forms of "spiritual tourism" in modern India.
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Costa, Júnior Geraldo da. "O ACIDENTE COM O CÉSIO 137 EM GOIÂNIA NAS MATÉRIAS DO CORREIO BRAZILIENSE- 1987 – 2007." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2016. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3534.
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This dissertation has the objective of analyze the journalistic reports published by the newspaper Correio Braziliense about the radiation accident happened in 1987 in the city of Goiania with the chemical element called Cesium 137. This was the second largest urban radioactive accident of humanity. The circumstances of the accident and how this led to profound and tragic changes in the lives of residents directly and indirectly involved in this case were analyzed. The study was based on journalistic reports that accompanied the event for two decades. This work shows the changes in the journalistic speech over time and compare the firsts reports in 1987 with the lasts in 2007, what demonstrate how the memory is being lost and forgetfulness taking place. The dissertation was structured, besides journalistic reports, by bibliographic research about Cesium 137 and associated events with the accident, distributed in three chapters. The first chapter discuss the accident history. The second chapter brings a brief historic about Correio Braziliense and then shows analysis about the Cesium reports published in the newspaper. The third chapter analyze the speech change between the firsts journalistic reports and the special report of 20 years later the Cesium accident.
Esta dissertação tem por objetivo analisar matérias jornalísticas que foram divulgadas pelo Jornal Correio Braziliense sobre o acidente radioativo acontecido no ano de 1987, na cidade de Goiânia, com o elemento químico denominado Césio 137. Este foi considerado o segundo maior acidente radioativo urbano da humanidade. Foram analisadas as circunstâncias do acidente e de que forma este provocou profundas e trágicas mudanças nas vidas dos moradores envolvidos direta e indiretamente neste caso. O estudo se baseou em reportagens e matérias jornalísticas que acompanharam o acontecimento por duas décadas e visa mostrar as mudanças nos discursos jornalísticos no decorrer do tempo, comparando as primeiras matérias em 1987 com as últimas em 2007, para apontar como a memória foi se perdendo e o esquecimento se instalando em forma de valorização da dor, do sofrimento, em vez do fato. A dissertação foi estruturada, além das matérias jornalísticas, por pesquisas bibliográficas sobre o césio 137 e os acontecimentos relacionados com o acidente, distribuídos em três capítulos. O primeiro relata a história do acidente com o Césio 137; o segundo traz breve histórico sobre o Correio Braziliense e apresenta análises das matérias publicadas neste jornal sobre o Césio; o terceiro analisa a mudança de discurso entre as primeiras matérias jornalísticas e as reportagens especiais por ocasião dos 20 anos do acidente.
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曹卓瑤 and Cheuk-yiu Charmaine Tso. "Accidental conservation: the making of SoHo, a case study on how property prices have driven gentrification to be amean of conserving post-war Tong Lau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182943.
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Lindsay, Stuart L. "Reading Chernobyl : psychoanalysis, deconstruction, literature." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/21790.
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This thesis explores the psychological trauma of the survivors of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, which occurred on April 26, 1986. I argue for the emergence from the disaster of three Chernobyl traumas, each of which will be analysed individually – one per chapter. In reading these three traumas of Chernobyl, the thesis draws upon and situates itself at the interface between two primary theoretical perspectives: Freudian psychoanalysis and the deconstructive approach of Jacques Derrida. The first Chernobyl trauma is engendered by the panicked local response to the consequences of the explosion at Chernobyl Reactor Four by the power plant’s staff, the fire fighters whose job it was to extinguish the initial blaze caused by the blast, the inhabitants of nearby towns and villages, and the soldiers involved in the region’s evacuation and radiation decontamination. Most of these people died from radiation poisoning in the days, weeks, months or years after the disaster’s occurrence. The first chapter explores the usefulness and limits of Freudian psychoanalytic readings of local survivors’ testimonies of the disaster, examining in relation to the Chernobyl event Freud’s practice of locating the authentic primal scene or originary traumatic witnessing experience in his subjects’ pasts, as exemplified by his Wolf Man analysis, detailed in his psychoanalytic study ‘On the History of an Infantile Neurosis’ (1918). The testimonies read through this Freudian psychoanalytic lens are constituted by Igor Kostin’s personal account of the disaster’s aftermath, detailed in his book Chernobyl: Confessions of a Reporter (2006), and by Svetlana Alexievich’s interviews with Chernobyl disaster survivors in her book Voices from Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear Disaster (2006). The second chapter argues that Freudian psychoanalysis only provides a provisional, ultimately fictional origin of Chernobyl trauma. Situating itself in relation to trauma studies, this thesis, progressing from its first to its second chapter, charts the geographical and temporal shift between these first and second traumas, from trauma-as-sudden-event to trauma-as-gradual-process. In the weeks following the initial Chernobyl explosion, which released into the atmosphere a radioactive cloud that blew in a north-westerly direction across Northern Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Estonia, Finland and Sweden, symptoms of radiation poisoning slowly emerged in the populations of the abovementioned countries. To analyse the psychological impact of confronting this gradual, international unfolding of trauma – the second trauma of Chernobyl – the second chapter of this thesis explores the critique of the global attempt to archivise, elegise and ultimately understand the Chernobyl disaster in Mario Petrucci’s elegies, compiled in his poetry collection Heavy Water: A Poem for Chernobyl (2006), the horror film Chernobyl Diaries (2012, dir. Bradley Parker), and Adam Roberts’ Science Fiction novel, Yellow Blue Tibia (2009). Analysing the deconstructive approach of Jacques Derrida in these texts – his notions of archive fever, impossible mourning and ethical mourning – this chapter argues that the attempt to interiorise, memorialise and mourn the survivors of the Chernobyl disaster is narcissistic, hubristic and violent in the extreme. It then proposes that Derrida’s notion of ethical mourning, outlined most clearly in his lecture ‘Mnemosyne’ (1984), enables us to situate our emotional sympathy for survivors – who, following Derrida’s lecture, are maintained as permanently exterior and inaccessible to us – in our very inability or failure to comprehend or locate the origin of their Chernobyl traumas. The third and final chapter analyses the third trauma of Chernobyl: the psychological and physiological effects of the disaster on second-generation inhabitants living near the Exclusion Zone erected around the evacuated, cordoned-off and still-radioactive Chernobyl region. These second-generation experiences of living near a sealed-away source of intense radiation are reconstructed in literature and videogaming: in Darragh McKeon’s novel All That Is Solid Melts Into Air (2014), Hamid Ismailov’s novel The Dead Lake (2014) and the videogame S.T.A.L.K.E.R: Shadow of Chernobyl (2007), developed by the company GSC Game World. The analysis of these texts is informed by Nicolas Abraham and Maria Torok’s psychoanalytic theory of the intergenerational phantom: the muteness of a generation’s history which returns to haunt the succeeding generations. This chapter will explore the psychological effects upon second-generation Chernobyl survivors, which result from these survivors’ incorporation or unconscious interiorisation of their parents’ psychologically repressed traumatic Chernobyl experiences, by analysing reconstructions of this process in the abovementioned texts. These parental experiences, echoing the Exclusion Zone as a denied physical space, have been interred in inaccessible psychic crypts. By way of conclusion, the thesis then offers an alternative theory of reading survivors’ Chernobyl trauma. Survivors’ restaging of their Chernobyl witnessing experiences as jokes enables them to cathartically, temporarily abreact their trauma through the laughter that these jokes engender.
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Monteiro, Juliana Santos. "Fundacentro: função social da política sobre acidentes de trabalho no período ditatorial brasileiro (1966 a 1976)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12798.
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This work is aimed at understanding the policy developed by the dictatorial government between the years 1966 and 1976, Safety and Health at Work, created by Fundacentro. Fundacentro is an institution of research and studies related to safety, hygiene and occupational medicine, coupled with the Ministry of Labor. Fundacentro had great relevance in the period mentioned, and, among their responsibilities there is one which is highlighted by the social function it accomplished. Firstly, it was to provide technical accessory to the Legislature and the Executive in order to have the development of safety standards at work. Secondly, it was to coordinate and promote the professionals chiefly specialized in security and health in the area, implemented by official policy. Fundacentro ran as a tripartite organization and was directed by a Board of Councils, which was held by government representatives, entrepreneurs and workers. The correlation between social groups involved in Fundacentro since it was created had no equality in terms of the entrepreneurship, the government, the academics1 and trade unions, together with international bodies like the International Labor Organization (ILO) and their respective interests in the structuring the Health and Safety in Brazil. In a period in which Brazil was considered the champion in work accidents, their main function was to provide technical support and educational prevention policy. It was defined by the government, which stemmed from the assumption that the accidents were caused by the workers themselves. This evidence is taken from the immanent analysis of sources: publications by Fundacentro, as the Newsletter and the Brazilian Journal of Occupational Health (Revista Brasileira da Saúde Ocupacional), prevention information disseminated by the institution Fundacentro. They are based on concepts related to the Unsafe Act of the worker, blaming himself for the accidents. We finally understand that, the powers of the institution at that time were consistent with the National Security Doctrine
O objetivo central deste trabalho foi o de entender a política desenvolvida pelo governo ditatorial entre os anos de 1966 e 1976, para a Segurança e Saúde do Trabalho, através da criação da Fundacentro. A Fundacentro é uma instituição de pesquisa e estudos atinentes à segurança, higiene e medicina do trabalho, vinculada ao Ministério do Trabalho. A Fundacentro teve grande relevância no período, pois, dentre suas atribuições duas se destacaram pela função social que cumpriram: dar assessoria técnica ao Legislativo e ao Executivo para o desenvolvimento de normas de segurança no trabalho e coordenar e promover a formação de profissionais especializados em segurança e saúde na área, implementares da política oficial. Dirigida por um Conselho Superior que agregava representantes do governo, empresariado e trabalhadores, atuou como uma organização tripartite. A correlação entre os grupos sociais envolvidos na Fundacentro desde a sua criação empresariado, governo, academia e sindicatos, juntamente com organismos internacionais como a Organização Internacional do Trabalho (OIT) e os seus respectivos interesses na estruturação da Saúde e Segurança do Trabalho no Brasil, não se deu de forma igualitária. Em um período em que o Brasil era considerado campeão em acidentes de trabalho, sua função principal foi a de dar respaldo técnico e educacional à política prevencionista definida pelo governo, que partia do pressuposto de que os acidentes eram provocados pelos acidentados, ou seja, os próprios trabalhadores. Evidenciamos, a partir da análise imanente das fontes publicações da Fundacentro, como o Boletim Informativo e a Revista Brasileira de Saúde Ocupacional, a educação prevencionista propagada pela Fundacentro, baseada em conceitos relativos ao Ato Inseguro do trabalhador, culpabilizando-o pelos acidentes. Entendemos, por fim, que as atribuições da Instituição naquele período, se coadunavam com a Doutrina de Segurança Nacional
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Camiolo, Marc. "Production et reproduction d'une culture du risque : le cas de l'éducation routière." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985288.
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Si la formation du conducteur a connu ses débuts en même temps que la naissance de l'automobile, l'éducation routière en tant que phénomène social s'est développée à partir de la deuxième moitié du XXème siècle. Depuis cette période, les évaluations de ces actions de formation ont pointé les difficultés à réduire le nombre et la gravité des accidents de la circulation. Ce constat n'est pas faute d'investissement des pouvoirs publics : en effet, les politiques de sécurité routière n'ont cessé, jusqu'à aujourd'hui, de placer l'éducation routière au centre du dispositif de prévention. Nous avons cherché à identifier la naissance et la persistance de ce paradoxe dans la pratique des acteurs de la sécurité routière, et dans la production et la reproduction d'une culture commune du risque propre à la modernité. Nous avons exercé cette investigation à partir de l'observation et de l'analyse des pratiques d'éducation routière auxquelles nous avons accès à titre d'intervenant en formation du conducteur, d'enseignant de la conduite et de psychologue intervenant en stage de sensibilisation dans le cadre du permis à points. Notre recherche est structurée, par conséquent, autour d'un travail de terrain par immersion dans les centres de formation, alimentée par des lectures en philosophie des techniques (Illich, Canguilhem, Simondon, Stiegler) et en sociologie du risque (Beck, Douglas, Duclos) mises en perspectives avec la théorie psychosociologique de l'homéostasie du risque (Wilde).
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Le, Goïc Maëva. "Etude du contrôle postural chez l'homme : analyse des facteurs neurophysiologiques, biomécaniques et cognitifs, impliqués dans les 500 premières millisecondes d'une chute." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002633.
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La chute chez les seniors constitue un problème de santé publique. Citée comme la seconde cause de décès accidentel dans le monde, elle concerne un tiers des Français de plus de 65 ans. Les séquelles physiques et fonctionnelles qui en résultent, les conséquences psychosociales nuisibles pour la qualité de la vie, la perte d'autonomie et son coût de prise en charge justifient l'attention qui lui est actuellement portée. Du point de vue du chercheur, les interprétations sous-jacentes à la surexposition des personnes âgées au risque de chute restent controversées, notamment parce que la compréhension de la coordination dynamique corporelle et de l'implication corticale lors du contrôle de l'équilibre est encore limitée. L'étude de la chute et des mécanismes qui y conduisent présente donc un double intérêt, fondamental et sociétal. Une chute survient si deux conditions sont réunies. La première est la perte initiale de l'équilibre, un 'pré-requis' qui peut toucher la population entière dans son quotidien. La seconde est un échec des mécanismes de rééquilibration, c'est à dire de la stratégie de réponse mise en œuvre pour compenser la déstabilisation : comment s'opère la sélection d'une stratégie de rattrapage, à partir de quelle appréciation du contexte et des informations sensorielles disponibles est-elle choisie ? qu'est ce qui assure son opérationnalité et garantit le rattrapage ou signe au contraire son échec ?...Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous sommes donc intéressés à ce moment critique où il est encore possible de modifier l'issue finale par des ajustements posturaux et des actions motrices rapides et adéquats chez une population de jeunes adultes. La première étude est une analyse globale de la phase précoce d'une chute -abrégée par un harnais- (soit quelques centaines de millisecondes après la perturbation), afin d'évaluer la capacité du sujet à réagir à une perturbation imprévue et de développer des stratégies garantissant une protection efficace. Cette première étape se propose d'identifier les indicateurs discriminants et prédictifs d'une chute et d'un rattrapage au niveau neurophysiologique et biomécanique. Cette étude a également permis de mettre en évidence la présence d'un délai temporel incompressible appelé " phase passive ", source de contraintes spatio-temporelles à l'expression complète d'une réponse posturale adaptée. Dans la seconde étude, de modélisation, nous avons élaboré un modèle mécanique personnalisé, construit à partir de radiographies tridimensionnelles non invasives du corps entier. Cette modélisation nous a permis d'analyser la contribution relative de propriétés biomécaniques passives et des synergies musculaires actives en jeu pendant les perturbations récupérables de l'équilibre ou non en comparant les résultats expérimentaux ('réels') obtenus à l'aide d'un dispositif asservi pour provoquer des chutes de plain-pied et la réponse théorique prédite ('simulée') à l'aide du modèle. Les résultats obtenus permettent de confirmer que le comportement du corps est en phase précoce-dicté par ses propriétés mécaniques, et peut être assimilé à un modèle simplifié. Après avoir mis en évidence l'existence d'une phase inertielle d'une durée équivalente à la moitié du temps disponible avant l'impact, notre questionnement s'est orienté vers le traitement de l'information en-cours lors de cette phase afin d'évaluer la contribution corticale alors que la réponse posturale évolue. La troisième étude consiste principalement à appréhender la charge cognitive impliquée dans le contrôle sensori-moteur, en particulier lors d'une chute, à l'aide du paradigme de double-tâche. En conclusion, à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse permettent d'émettre des recommandations intéressantes pour une prévention et une rééducation adaptée dans le but de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie des personnes âgées.
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Nunez, Judy Kay Doran Glen H. "28 January 1980, BLACKTHORN and CAPRICORN collision with history in Tampa Bay /." 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11212003-231342/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Florida State University, 2003.Advisor: Dr. Glen H. Doran, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of American and Florida Studies. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Mar. 2, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.
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ČERNOCHOVÁ, Zuzana. "Psychické aspekty dopravní psychologie." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137595.
Full textAbstract:
The paper deals with traffic psychology in more detail. The theoretical part focuses mainly on the personal characteristics of drivers, including the perspective of their personality, temperament, motivation, emotion, ability and differences between men and women. Further, the traffic accidents are described concentrating on tendencies and causes of their occurence. The paperwork includes also a chapter dealing with typology of drivers, focusing on dangerous drivers. The practical part is based on an explarotary investigation, on the basis of which the objectives are evaluated. The survey provides information on the number of people who have encountered an accident and their response to this event. There is also an evaluation of information on how the interviewed people themselves behave while driving a car.
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Chiou, Yu-Feng, and 邱禹鳳. "Using Animated Techniques to represent historr and accidents." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48707971231900383487.
Full textAbstract:
碩士臺南藝術學院
音像動畫研究所
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I have chosen Animation to seriously present Taiwan history in documentary style. Photographs and actors are utilized to represent ancient accidents of history, the important people and events which have long since disappeared through hand-made destruction or the destruction of time. Animation allows me much greater creative freedom than a recreated live-action film. Time and space can be artistically manipulated using a full-range of animation techniques. By going through time with animation,it is possible to represent all key moments in a person’s Life….the decisions and accidents of fate which shape him and the history which surrounds him. I created “Time” with sand and cut-outs techniques to tell the tragic history of the Comfort Women,and sand alone to portray the 921 Earthquake.In Travel, I wanted to explore a new visual style,combining animation with documentary titles. The revelations of history and truth,using a range of animation techniques,are the objectives of my research and Thesis.
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Šírová, Tereza. "Letecké a železniční nehody v ČSSR a ČR v letech 1960-2008 v denním tisku." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-298620.
Full textAbstract:
Diploma thesis Aircraft and railway accidents in the Czechoslovakia and in the Czech Republic in 1960 - 2008 in the daily press describes ten serious traffic accidents (five airplane and five train accidents), the context and especially the media coverage of these accidents. The thesis describes and compares the media coverage of these accidents in the analysed daily press - in daily newspaper Rude pravo, Pravo, Mlada fronta and Mlada fronta DNES. It shows the changes in the way of media coverage. It also looks for the factors which influenced the way of media coverage. The aim is to show the changes in the methods and results of a work of a journalist and to set them into the historical, political, social and media context. Furthermore, the thesis consists some theoretical parts about aircraft and railway accidents and prevention. The media analysis is contextualised by some relevant media theories and a brief history of media in Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in the analysed period.