Academic literature on the topic 'History, Modern – Examinations, questions, etc'
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Journal articles on the topic "History, Modern – Examinations, questions, etc"
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Anikeіeva, Tetyana, and Anastasiya Moisieienko. "Сhest pain: a modern review of pain medicine." Pain medicine 7, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31636/pmjua.v7i1.1.
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Abstract. Background. Approximately 1% of all reasons for visits to primary care physicians are chest pain, and in 2–4% of these patients pain is the cause of potentially life-threatening cardiovascular disease. For a correct and quick diagnosis, it is extremely important that the clinician and the patient speak “one language”: the described complaints should be interpreted quickly and correctly, and the doctor’s questions should be clear to the patient. It is very important to get information from the patient about any accompanying symptoms and a detailed description of chest discomfort. History taking and physical examination should take the minimum amount of time required. That is why it is necessary to understand how and why conditions develop, the manifestation of which is pain in the chest. To highlight the significant variability of clinical manifestations of thoracalgia, mechanisms of development and features of clinical and laboratory-instrumental diagnosis of the causes of chest pain is a main aim of the review. Materials and methods. Modern foreign guidelines for the management of patients with chest pain, written in English, were used.
Conclusions. After injuries, chest pain is the main reason of patients visits to the admission department for urgency care. Longstanding classification of the chest pain causes divides it into cardiac and non-cardiac, and cardialgia, in turn, can be subdivided to pain, caused by ischemic changes in the myocardium, and the one with a non-ischemic origin. Patients often do not use the term “pain” to describe their symptoms, but often use other terms such as discomfort, compression, or may associate discomfort with indigestion. When chest pain is caused by ischemia or insufficient coronary blood flow, it is called ischemic thoracalgia. Detection of angina pectoris is one of the main problems in the examination of patients with chest pain, and thoracalgia, which clinically and instrumentally correlates with acute angina pectoris, requires urgent diagnosis and treatment, as it may be a sign of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Thoracic pain can not only affect the heart muscle, but also radiate from other anatomical areas or be felt secondarily, if it develops in an adjacent anatomical area (eg, thoracic spine, epigastric pain, etc.). Both acute and chronic chest pain should be carefully evaluated by a clinician, and further examination may be performed based on his findings. Appropriate and necessary laboratory and instrumental examination of patients, taking into account all possible risks, not only allows to quickly establish an accurate diagnosis, but also leads to more effective treatment.
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Poulsen, Hanne Kolind. "Det “ægte” og det “uægte” værk. Lucas Cranach den Ældres kunstpraksis og de kvaler, den har forvoldt kunsthistorien." Periskop – Forum for kunsthistorisk debat, no. 18 (August 14, 2017): 84–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/periskop.v15i18.105148.
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The Question of Originality. Lucas Cranach the Elder’s Artistic Practice and the Quandaries Thereby Unleashed on Art HistoryIt has been fundamental to art history to find out which artists produced what art works. Enormous research efforts have been devoted to identifying the “true images”, the genuine Rafaels, Rembrandts, Picassos, etc. And at the least it remains an important part of the more traditional art historical profession. In the article, I intend to address and discuss this concept of a “true image”, realizing that in former times it appears that it was not equally essential to identify the artist persona that posterity has so persistently insisted on establishing. For this purpose, I have chosen the example of German renaissance artist Lucas Cranach the Elder. His workshop practice, which in its relative extremity was actually quite ordinary for the time, provides an exemplary illustration of the problems that this type of artistic activity has produced for (traditional) art history. Attribution debates have dominated Cranach research from the beginning of the nineteenth century until today. But even on the basis of modern technical examinations, it has proven impossible to convincingly determine exactly who produced a given Cranach work: a skilled assistant, one of the Cranach sons, or Cranach the Elder himself? I address the question of why art historians nonetheless have insisted on trying to do so. I suggest a departure from the endless discussion and instead to consider Cranach not primarily as a painter, but as the creative force of the workshop – that is, the one who produced the designs for the works, provided and developed the techniques of execution to make the works’ aesthetic stable and easy to copy, organized the work and politics of the workshop, and, not least, attracted the customers. How much and what he actually painted himself thus becomes a question of less importance.
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Yanishevska, K. "FEATURES OF INVESTIGATION OF IMPROPER PERFORMANCE OF PROFESSIONAL DUTIES BY MEDICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL WORKERS." Criminalistics and Forensics, no. 65 (May 18, 2020): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33994/kndise.2020.65.28.
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The article is devoted to current issues and features of the investigation of improper performance of professional duties by a medical or pharmaceutical worker. Since recently the sphere of medical care has been increasingly suffering from a large number of criminal attacks, and the results of the investigation and evidence of guilt of the subjects of the crime require higher results, it would be appropriate to pay attention to the problems that law enforcement agencies today have to investigate this category criminal assaults. The main proposals regarding the investigation process of the improper performance of professional duties by medical workers are indicated. The article analyzes statistical data that record a sufficiently large number of these criminal offenses, but the results of the consideration of these cases are imperfect. This is due to the complexity of the investigation of this category of cases, in particular their latency, insufficient evidence base, caused by the possibility of concealment or distortion of facts, etc. To ensure an objective review of the case, namely, for the reliability and completeness of medical data, based on which the evidence base is built, it is proposed to use an electronic healthcare system, in particular, an electronic document management system, which, due to modern technologies for recording primary data, could eliminate the possibility of destruction of evidence (medical certificates, test results, medical history, etc.) and their further falsification. To solve the problem of the lack of a methodology for investigating the improper fulfillment of professional duties by a medical or pharmaceutical worker, it is proposed to develop forensic issues regarding both the tactics of investigative actions and other aspects of the investigation of these criminal cases. It is also proposed in the article to involve a doctor as a specialist in the interrogation of a medical professional, as he or she can formulate (with the permission of the investigator) those questions, the answers to which will give the necessary information to the experts who will subsequently conduct the examination. Attention is also drawn to the fact that investigating crimes committed by healthcare professionals requires special competence and special training for investigators. Today, such discipline as Medical Law is taught only in some institutions of higher education in the training of specialists in specialty 081 Law, not to mention the educational program for bachelors or masters with the same name. Despite this, it would be appropriate in higher education institutions conducting training for law enforcement personnel to introduce the discipline Medical Law, and for the most investigators investigating medical crimes, introduce an advanced training courses, trainings, online conferences that provided students with deeper knowledge about the features of the organization of the investigation of improper performance of professional duties by a medical or pharmaceutical worker.
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Ahmedshaeva, Mavluda. "CODIFICATION OF LEGISLATION: SOME THEORETICAL QUESTIONS." Jurisprudence 2, no. 4 (August 30, 2022): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.2.4./wxqt6084.
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The article discusses codification as an important form of systematization of legislation, questions related to its understanding, a brief history of codification, its significance in the system of law and in law enforcement today, and its role in world legal systems and families, including Romano-Germanic. On the basis of modern realities of the development of law from the state-legal point of view, such issues as common and distinctive aspects of the codification process from other legal families, as well as development trends of the modern codification process are analyzed. As noted in the article, codification acts as an important and basic form of systematization of modern legislation. At the same time, new trends are taking place in the content of the codification process, for example, the adoption of more and more functional codes, such as the Budgetary, Electoral, etc., as opposed to industry-specific ones, such as civil, criminal, labor, etc. It is argued that the criteria for codification, determining its necessity in a certain branch of law, have not been sufficiently developed, it is stated that the theory lags far behind the practice. The article notes that in modern legal science there is a need to develop and improve the theory of codification.
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Weakland, John. "Jones, The Counter Reformation - Religion And Society In Early Modern Europe." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 21, no. 2 (September 1, 1996): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.21.2.92-93.
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Although this excellent book, which is part of the "Cambridge Topics in History" series, is designed to prepare student for Advanced Level Examinations in Britain, it can be used with profit in American universities for upper-level Reformation courses. Martin Jones supplements his clear and succinct narrative with a wide variety of primary sources, many of which have been translated for this book. He also provides thoughtful examination-based questions to help students evaluate the historical evidence. The author has produced a good synthesis of the latest scholarship on the Counter Reformation. Chapters 1 and 2 look at late medieval religious beliefs and institutions.
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Savitskaya, A., and E. G. Filatova. "Modern ideas about cluster headache. Literature review." Medical alphabet 2, no. 19 (November 26, 2019): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2019-2-19(394)-19-23.
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The article presents a review of the literature where, starting with the publication of Ekbom K. (1947), the history of the allocation of cluster headache into a separate form of primary head pain is described, modern diagnostic criteria are presented, the pathogenesis, clinical features of the disease are described. It is shown that due to the rarity of this type of headache and low awareness of doctors, the delay in diagnosis is on average 6–7 years. Patients are prescribed a lot of unnecessary examinations and expert consultations: oculists, ENT doctors, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, etc. Favorite incorrect diagnoses are migraine and trigeminal neuralgia. The evidence of the leading role of the hypothalamus in the pathogenesis of cluster headache is presented. The principles of therapy are discussed: for the relief of acute attacks, triptans are used as in migraine, the leader of prophylactic therapy is a calcium channel blocker verapamil. In chronic forms and attacks resistant to pharmacological treatment, neurostimulation methods are used.
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Levy, Evonne. "Early Modern Jesuit Arts and Jesuit Visual Culture." Journal of Jesuit Studies 1, no. 1 (2014): 66–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22141332-00101005.
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This stock-taking of research on the arts and visual culture of the Society of Jesus since the turn of the twenty-first century entails an assessment of the status of the big questions about the existence, nature, and purposes of the Jesuit use of things visual. It is a propitious moment to reflect on whether there have been gains for the definition of our subject from the visual turn in the humanities. Rather than surveying a wide and diffuse field of publications published in a rather short span of time, here a handful of issues are isolated that have attracted particular intensity of research or that pose significant questions for the future. These issues include much continuing research into the central regulation of and the architectural dialogue between the worldwide foundations of the Society, the widespread adoption of the Spiritual Exercises as an explanans for Jesuit pictorial cycles, and related issues around meditational images. A clear articulation is called for of the extent to which Jesuit “images” were embedded in discourses around art, or not, and the varied classes of images (propaganda, scientific, etc.) outside of the discourse of art so that we might arrive at a definition of a Jesuit visual culture.
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Sarygina, Elina Sergeevna. "Modern state of the judicial finance-credit examination and the prospects of its development." Полицейская и следственная деятельность, no. 3 (March 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7810.2020.3.33596.
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The research subject is the scientific, organizational and methodical regularities of judicial and examination activities during the research of finance-credit relations. Special attention is given to the key provisions of finance-credit examinations and the peculiarities of their commissioning. The author uses the categories and laws of dialectical and formal logic along with general scientific methods of scientific cognition (observation, description, comparison, systematization, formalization, etc.), and specific methods (comparative-analytical and system-structural). The author also uses the techniques of the interdisciplinary approach since the research requires knowledge in the field of procedural and substantive law, theory of court examination, economics and banking law, which determines the comprehensive nature of the research. From the viewpoint of modern scientific knowledge, the author attempts to analyze court examination as an independent class of judicial economic examinations which includes objects, subclasses, typical tasks and scientific and methodical recommendations for law enforcement officers about commissioning such examinations. The research addresses the main provisions of the subtheory of a judicial finance-credit examination which either haven’t been described sufficiently enough in the scientific works, or haven’t been systematised. The author’s recommendations are aimed at unification of the judicial practice of commissioning and assessment of the results of a judicial finance-credit examination. The formation of a comprehensive idea about this examination and its modern state is necessary for the implementation of its possibilities by an investigator, a court or an inquiry officer within criminal proceedings. The result of the research is the development of recommendations for law enforcement officers about the peculiarities of commissioning of a court tax analysis in governmental and nongovernmental criminal expertise institutions connected with the peculiarities of preparation of research objects and the specificity of issues subject to the consideration of a court expert; the author formulates the list of questions to an expert.
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Bystrova, Tat’yana A. "INTRODUCTION TO BIOFICTION. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY BY THE MODERN ITALIAN WRITERS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 3 (2023): 282–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2023-3-282-290.
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The article highlights the specific features of the hybrid genre of biographical writing (also known as «fictional biography»), which has been theorized since the 1990s in France. The biographical novel is a fictional work about a real-life person with elements of authorial fiction. On the textual level, the subject of “hybridization” in biofiction can be both the content plan (speculation of events built around the documentary basis) and the form plan (use of indirect speech, stream of consciousness, insertion of other people’s text, etc.). At the pragmatic level, there is a breakdown of the traditional relationship between reader and text, as information recognized by the reader as fiction is presented as a biographical fact. The article also maps out a circle of questions for researchers and literary critics to address, in particular, the issue of genre boundaries and the development of terminology, the issue of the relationship between a character of biofiction and his historical prototype, the issue of relationship between an author and his work, the issue of the influence of new cultural and media factors on genres of biographical writing.
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Мarchenko, T. "QUESTIONS THAT ARE ARRANGED WHEN CARRYING OUT THE EXAMINATION ON DOCUMENTAL CONFIRMATION OF THE FAILURE OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS." Theory and Practice of Forensic Science and Criminalistics 20, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 378–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32353/khrife.2.2019.29.
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One of the most important tasks of economic expertise in the study of accounting, tax accounting and reporting documents, which are established by the Scientific and Methodological Recommendations on the preparation and appointment of forensic examinations and expert studies, approved by order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine of October 8, 1998 № 53/5, is the definition of a documentary confirmation of the size of the shortage of fixed assets, material values, stocks, including the shortage of fuel and lubricants.
The above regulatory document to the indicative list of issues addressed by this type of forensic examination included the following:
- Is the shortage of fixed assets, material values, stocks (including fuel and lubricants) established by the inventory report at the enterprise (the name of the enterprise is indicated) documented for the period of the materially responsible person (the employee is indicated, the materially responsible person) in the amount of (indicate quantitative and value indicators) as of (date indicated)?
In the modern world, business entities for conducting accounting and tax accounting, the preparation of documents using specialized software.
Therefore, recently, a significant part of forensic economic examinations on the issue of confirming the shortage of fixed assets, material values, stocks, including fuel and lubricants, is appointed not only for properly prepared inventory materials and accounting records of a business entity provided for research to experts, but also by screenshots (snapshots of images on the screen of documents, programs, diagrams, etc.), which in their opinion may be documentary evidence of this s accounting and inventory results.
The article describes an example of the question put to the study, provides an analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine on the correctness of the inventory of fuels and lubricants and the determination of the shortage, as well as an algorithm for conducting expert examinations as defined by the legislation of Ukraine. Analyzed the materials provided to the expert, which cannot be documented evidence of a shortage of fuel and lubricants.
Books on the topic "History, Modern – Examinations, questions, etc"
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Ron, Brooks. Modern world history. London: Edward Arnold, 1989.
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Scottish Qualifications Authority. Standard grade, general, credit modern studies. Edinburgh: Leckie & Leckie, 2008.
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Walsh, Ben. Edexcel GCSE modern world history: Revision guide. 2nd ed. London: Hodder Education, 2010.
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Walsh, Ben. AQA GCSE modern world history: Revision guide. 2nd ed. London: Hodder Education, 2010.
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Birks, Wayne. OCR GCSE modern world history revision guide. London: Hodder Education, 2014.
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Company, Arco Publishing, ed. AP United States history. 6th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan USA, 1998.
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W, Crum John, and Arco Publishing Company, eds. AP United States history. 5th ed. New York, NY: Macmillan USA, 1996.
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Scottish Qualifications Authority. Higher history. Edinburgh: Leckie & Leckie, 2008.
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1941-, Lucock John, and Peak Robin 1952-, eds. Workouts in modern economics. 3rd ed. London: Longman, 1994.
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Furay, Conal. The methods and skills of history: A practical guide. 3rd ed. Wheeling, Ill: Harlan Davidson, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "History, Modern – Examinations, questions, etc"
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Flachskampf, Frank A., Pavlos Myrianthefs, and Ruxandra Beyer. "Echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound." In The ESC Textbook of Intensive and Acute Cardiovascular Care, edited by Marco Tubaro, Pascal Vranckx, Eric Bonnefoy-Cudraz, Susanna Price, and Christiaan Vrints, 201–17. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198849346.003.0018.
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For the emergency management of cardiovascular disorders, echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound are indispensable imaging techniques at the bedside. In the intensive care environment, crucial questions, such as left and right ventricular function, valvular heart disease, volume status, aortic disease, cardiac infection, pleural effusion, pulmonary oedema, pneumothorax, and many others, can be sufficiently and reliably answered by using these techniques; in fact, it is almost impossible to manage patients with acute severe haemodynamic impairment reasonably well without prompt and repeated access to echocardiography. This is confirmed by the prominent place that echocardiography has in the guideline-based diagnosis and treatment of all major cardiovascular emergencies, from acute heart failure to acute coronary syndrome to pulmonary embolism, etc. Moreover, it is the ideal tool to follow up the patient, since repeat examinations pose no risk to the patient and demand relatively little logistics and resources. To benefit from the wealth of information that echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound can provide, modern equipment (including a transoesophageal probe) and systematic training of echocardiographers must be ensured. The availability of prompt and experienced echocardiography and thoracic ultrasound services at all times is fundamental for sound contemporary cardiovascular intensive care.
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Tereshkina, Daria B. "Miracles in the Lives of Novgorod Saints: Typology and Artistic Originality." In Hermeneutics of Old Russian Literature. Issue 22, 218–43. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/horl.1607-6192-2023-22-218-243.
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The article offers an overview of miracles in the lives of Novgorod tradition, mainly of the late Middle Ages and early Modern times. Miracles, which are often the main dating feature of the life (vita) edition, are often considered as a kind of “auxiliary” part of a hagiographic work, sometimes breaking out of the general context by stylistic or compositional features. However, along with the development of hagiographic genre, the assessment of miracles by the scribes themselves also changes. Miracles not only become central episodes of hagiographic texts or cycles (as in the case of Nikola Kochanov or the Alfanov brothers, as well as the more ancient life of John of Novgorod); the mode of depicting miraculous events itself changes: it shifts from the figure of saint to those with whom miracles are performed. The number of miracles increases many times, the actual information about the miraculous events that took place is detailed (where they occurred, when (up to the month and day of specified year), with whom (exact names, occupation, social status, family ties, origin of the person with whom the miracle occurred), accurate information about where lives healed or saved. A kind of “replication” of the same type of miracles does not cause scribes questions, because the obvious fact is help of a certain saint in healing specific ailments, and the more such evidence, the stronger the glory of the saint. Texts about miracles either come as close as possible to business writing (as in the life of Theoktist of Novgorod or some miracles of Evfimy Vyazhishchsky), or, on the contrary, preserve and even develop an artistic and fictional (sometimes with elements of psychologism) style of hagiographic rhetorical narration (as in the miracles of Anthony the Roman or Nikola Kochanov), or make a complex combination of list enumeration miracles that have happened and praise for the saint, which loses its independent meaning (as in the Kosin version of lives of the Novgorod saints). The analysis of the types and artistic originality of miracles in the lives of Novgorod saints allows us to draw conclusions about the complex literary situation in the field of hagiographic tradition in the late Middle Ages and early Modern times: most likely, the trends common to democratizing writing in each case had their own characteristics associated with many factors (tradition of veneration of the saint, textual history of vita, tastes of the compilers specific editions, etc.). It is also impossible to exclude a change in a person’s worldview, shifting it in a sense to a pragmatic understanding of holiness — as a mission of direct assistance to the living — which could no longer be ignored by the literature addressed to a person.
Conference papers on the topic "History, Modern – Examinations, questions, etc"
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Kouzas, Georgios. "Aspects of Urban Ethnography in Greece, 1960-2020. The View from Folklore." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.3-1.
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This paper aims to describe urban folklore studies in Greece during the 20th century, through an ethnography of the field. I focus particularly on the 1950s and 1960s, because these decades were crucial for the field of urban folklore. Hundreds of thousands of internal migrants from various areas of Greece, and from outside of the country, have swarmed towards Greece’s major urban centres, thus spurring the gradual development of peculiar and at times incomplete urbanization. In this framework, we examine the significance of holistic research in urban space from a perspective of folkloristics, the significance of the ethnographic method introduced by Dimitrios Loukatos that influenced the field of urban folklore in Greece, and the relations of cooperation between folkloristics and social and cultural anthropology with regards to urban space. In addition to discussing the history of the science of folklore, I focus on research methodology and a framework of examining a context locally. More specifically, regarding research methodology, modern folklorists introduced the ‘ethnographic method’ of social phenomena research, i.e., examination through field ethnographic research at a particular space and time, and in this case, the urban center. This contribution was slightly significant as it differentiates folk research from the previous method based on lemmata, which examined phenomena within time and not contemporarily, in the present. Finally, we analyze the ethnographic method, a methodological approach which today is the most common approach in Greek folklore studies. This research methodology is predicated on the following; field research (participant observation, semi-structured questions, life narrations, focus groups, etc.), archival research, and literary testimonies under certain conditions, mainly at times when we refer to the urban folklore of the past. Here, we also act to support the opinion that an approach that is exclusively based on archival or literary material and that does not take into account field research is unilateral and not complete.