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1
Faraj, Aso Mohammed, and Zryan Salar Hama Arif. "Badi az-Zaman Abu l-Izz Ismail ibn ar-Razaz al-Jazari(548-630AH/ 1153-1233AD) His Engineering innovations in Islamic civilization." Halabja University Journal 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 64–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32410/huj-10422.
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The Islamic civilization is one of the most important civilizations in history because it presented many innovations and scientists to human history. The greatness of Islamic civilization is reflected in the fact that it is a brilliant civilization in a universal religion under which many nations and peoples have developed. The pillars of this civilization are the scientists, including Kurdish scholars who play a significant role in this field.
In the present study, we discuss one of the inventive scholars of Islamic civilization who was of Kurdish descent. He is (Badi az-Zaman Abu l-Izz ibn Ismail ibn ar-Razaz Al-Jazari). He was a professional scholar who made many inventions through his initiative. He has collected all inventions in a manuscript called (El-câmi' beyne'l-ilm ve l-amel en-nâfi' fî es-sinaâ'ti'l-hiyel) in which he mentioned inventions in detail and explained all the inventions with pictures.
In the first section, we talked about his life, lineage, and origin. He was born on the Cizre (Jazira of Ibn Omar) at the end of the Abbasid era. He grew up and studied in the ancient cities of Kurdistan, also he completed all his works and inventions there. especially in the Kurdish city Diyarbakir, which was ruled by the Artuqid state.
Al jazari was a great scientist who had many works and inventions that were matchless in his time, we have devoted the second part to talk about the works and inventions which he has uniquely reached until that time, such as a robot and a water clock...etc. We have also referred to the statements of historians and orientalists who were impressed by these scientists' inventions, such as Donald Hill, Al-Dumaili, Sarton, etc.,.
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Lim 林宗台, Jongtae. "Joseph Needham in Korea, and Korea’s Position in the History of East Asian Science." East Asian Science, Technology and Society 14, no. 2 (April 27, 2020): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8539397.
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Abstract As they were in other East Asian countries, Joseph Needham and his monumental works were warmly received by Korean historians of science in the late twentieth century. Korean historians appreciated both Needham’s pioneering research on the history of Chinese science and his praise of Korea’s contribution to East Asian scientific tradition, as expressed, for example, in the addenda to volume 3 of Science and Civilisation in China. But the Koreans’ praise of Needham was not unqualified. Needham’s largely favorable remarks on Korean science invited criticism from several prominent Korean historians who noted many factual errors, particularly relating to Korea’s priority over China in several technological inventions. They regarded those errors as indicative of Needham’s deep-rooted historiographical bias, his view of Korea as a mere tributary of China’s scientific tradition. But the Koreans’ criticism of Needham ironically shows that they agreed with the central tenets of Needham’s methodology of crediting scientific achievements to different civilizations, whereby to measure China’s contribution to what Needham termed “universal modern science.” The Koreans only scaled down the scope of comparison from the world of civilizations to a smaller region called East Asia, whereby to compare Korea’s share with that of China. This article thus takes the Korean criticism of Needham as an illuminating case, which invites us to think over a less explored issue in the history of East Asian science: how to write a balanced history of science in a region that is characterized by a stark disparity in power, resources, and achievements between China and its smaller neighbors.
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Verma, Sandhya, Anjum Parvez, and Kumar Ashutosh. "Forensic science application: An effective tool of criminal investigations." IP International Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Sciences 7, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfmts.2022.014.
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One of the most important inventions and development in the history of the human race is forensic science. Without having knowledge of forensic science, there would be a great negative effect on society as well as the judicial system. In the contemporary era, forensic science play a very important role in solving the crime problem. It provides better opportunities to the judicial system for solving the crime and in detection the criminal. The present judicial system of India comprise various modes of techniques including DNA Profiling, Brain-Fingerprinting, Narco-Analysis, Polygraph, DNA Fingerprinting, forensic DNA etc., which are proving very helpful in solving the crime problem. At present courts are taking these techniques in to consideration while delivering judgments.
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Parveen, Khalida, and Huma Akram. "Insight of Chinese culture by viewing historical picture of Qin Dynasty." Journal of Social Sciences Advancement 2, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jssa21-020103-08.
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Over the centuries, China still respectfully treasures rich Asian cultures, traditions, and customs. China is now famous all over the world for its mysterious wonders and cultural & natural heritages such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, the Terracotta Army, etc. The Chinese history is full with the exposition of outstanding features of Chinese culture such as great thoughts of Confucius, religious beliefs, traditional festivals and customs e.g., Chinese new year, language and calligraphy e.g., Shu Fa, four great inventions of ancient China e.g., papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass, traditional architecture and sculpture, traditional art forms, etc. The era of history of China before the time in power of Qin dynasty is known by name as the period of Warring States. This period started from 475 BC and ends at 221 BC. Seven Warring States were included in it i.e. Qin, Wei, Han, Yan, Chu, Zhao, and Qi. Zheng was the King of Qin, who started his journey to triumph over 6 states in the period of 230 BC. Qin was the 1st emperor of this unified state of China. Thus he was known by the name of “First Emperor of Qin” or “Qin Shi Huang”. This study provides a deep insight of Chinese history and it is illustrated that major achievements in Chinese culture and history are contributed in the era of Qin dynasty.
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Mari, Tommaso. "The Grammarian Consentius on Errors Concerning the Accent in Spoken Latin." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 623–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.54.
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Summary:The 5th-century Gaulish grammarian Consentius wrote an extensive treatise on errors in spoken Latin. In the Roman grammatical tradition, errors in single words are deemed to arise by means of the improper addition, removal, substitution, and misplacement of one of the constitutive elements of the word (letter, syllable, quantity, accent, and aspiration). Late grammarians assumed that the four catego- ries of change applied to accents too, but only Consentius provided an example for each of these cases. However, his discussion poses some problems. The examples of removal, substitution and misplacement of an accent all concern the word orator and present oddities such as a circumflex accent on the antepe- nultimate syllable; they were clearly made up for the sake of completeness and have no bearing on our understanding of Vulgar Latin. On the other hand, the example of addition of an accent is tríginta, with retraction of the accent on the antepenultimate syllable; this must be genuine and fits in well with current reconstructions of most Romance continuations of Latin triginta (Italian trenta, French trente, etc.) and other vigesimals (uiginti, quadraginta, etc.).
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Sysoeva, Elena V. "History of Development of Engineering Support of Buildings and Thermal Insulation of Enclosing Structures." Issue 01-2024, no. 01-2024 (February 2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2023-072.
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The article considers the process of development of the main means of engineering support of buildings – lighting, heating, and ventilation. How over time and the development of science and technology improved ways to create a comfortable environment. The first artificial source of light and heat was the hearth. With the advent of torches and oil lamps, these functions separated and developed in parallel. At the same time, up to the 19th century, both heating (hypocausts, fireplaces, steam and water heating, etc.) and lighting (candles, gas lighting, etc.) were impossible without fire. Ventilation remained natural until the invention of the centrifugal fan in the nineteenth century. In parallel with the issue of heating, the issue of thermal insulation arose. When choosing building materials and structures, their availability in a given region, thermal characteristics and work in a given climate played an important role. The required level of thermal insulation was achieved by increasing the thickness of the wall, the size of the openings and their filling. In the era of the “Enlightenment” (17th – 18th centuries), there is a turning point in the understanding of the world. The “classical” sciences are developing actively and universities and engineering schools are opening. If earlier science and practice existed in parallel, now the inventions of scientists began to be implemented much faster. In the 19th century, electricity appears. This is another important point in the development of engineering. In the 21st century, it has almost completely replaced fire in human life (LEDs, LED, infrared and radiant heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems, etc.). A person no longer depends on nature. If in ancient times people sought to subdue it to himself then in the 21st century, the goal is to live in harmony with nature, which preservation and replenishment of the used resources is the search for environmentally friendly solutions without harm to humans and the environment.
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Osipov, A. I., Yu N. Bunin, S. Yu Kladov, A. S. Sokolov, and A. D. Shnayder. "Causes of diagnostic pitfalls upon analysis results of «physicians’ causes»." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2003): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2003-2-56-61.
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130 criminal and civil cases had been maintained against physicians in Tomsk region within 1996—2002. There were pitfalls in diagnoses and wrong medical aid in 59 (45,4%) cases. Across diagnostic pitfalls, such as incomplete examination of patients, incomplete registration of laboratory results etc., there were methodological errors. It is known that diagnosis process proceeds in hypothesis form at all stages. While obtaining the history a physician is guided by suppositions arising during inquiring a patient. These suppositions are later verified in the process of an objective examination of the patient. Therefore the most frequent reasons of medical errors are the final diagnosis on the basis of the history and physicians’ inability to use the diagnostic suppositions while diagnosing at all stages. The majority of pitfalls has been made in diagnoses of appendicitis, stomach and duodenum perforated ulcer.
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Sabitov, Zhaxylyk M., Aida S. Margulan, and Galiya A. Kambarbekova. "Comparative analysis of Juchid genealogies according to five lists of “Muizz al-Ansab”." Golden Horde Review 10, no. 4 (December 29, 2022): 799–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-4.799-818.
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The purpose of the study is to study the genealogy of the Juchids according to the five lists in the «Muizz al-Ansab». The uniformity of the structure of the Muizz al-Ansab lists enables researchers to identify new data in the genealogical chains of the Juchid dynasty. Research materials. During the writing of this article, the researchers engaged in the search for, and collection of, five manuscripts of hte «Muizz al-Ansab». At present, two copies of the list No. 14306 and No. 467 are kept in the British Library in London, manuscript No. 67 is in the National Library of France in Paris, and the latest lists No. 41 and No. 42 are in India at the library of the Muslim University of Aligarh. These manuscripts were compiled in Persian in XV–XIX centuries and represent a genealogical tree of the descendants of Genghis Khan and Timur. Results and scientific novelty. This article presents the translation and analysis of five lists of the «Muizz al-Ansab» which have not been translated for various reasons. We found a large number of differences between the five lists of Muizz al Ansab. Also, unique information was found from different lists (about the daughter of Berke or the genealogy of the Golden Horde Khan Bekbolat, etc.). We also found errors in the lists of the «Muizz al Ansab». These include the erroneous genealogy of Arabshah, Abulkhair Khan, and their descendants, as well as errors in the genealogy of Dervish Khan.
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Artemiev, B. V., V. T. Bobrov, D. I. Galkin, A. G. Efimov, V. I. Matveev, O. E. Monahov, and A. E. Shubochkin. "WE ARE PROUD OF OUR PAST, WE MAKE THE GLOBAL FUTURE. THE MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF INTROSCOPY." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 258 (December 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.054-061.
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The short essay on the history, which begins in 1964, of the Research Scientific Institute of Introscopy (hereinafter referred to as the Institute) is presented. The main stages of the establishment and development of the Institute are considered. Over the years, dozens of world-famous scientists have worked in the Institute, more than 770 types of diagnostic devices and stationery equipment for all sectors of the national economy have been developed, more than 620 monographs and 3300 scientific articles have beenpublished, more than 5100 copyright certificates and patents for inventions have been registered. The Institute provided significant assistance in the establishment of Departments of Non-Destructive Testing at a number of universities in the Russia/USSR (MPEI, MIREA, etc.) for the training of high-ranking engineers in the field of non-destructive testing and introscopy. The devices and equipment invented and designed at the Institute were mass-produced at many enterprises in the Russia/USSR (Elektrotochpribor factory, Volna Production Association, Introscope JSC (Chisinau), Aktyubrentgen JSC factory (Aktobe), Tochpribor KhPO (Kharkov), Veda Production Association (Kiev), SKB Gazpriboravtomatika (Moscow), Kontrolpribor plant (Moscow),Sevkavrentgen plant (Maisky).
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Nachapkin, M. N. "“Letters to the Neighbors” by Conservative Publicist M. O. Menshikov as a Source on the History of Russian Everyday Life at the Beginning of 20th Century." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 5 (May 30, 2020): 450–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-5-450-464.
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“Letters to neighbors” by M. O. Menshikov are analyzed by the author of the article as a historical and literary source. It is reported that in the first volume of “Letters to the Neighbors” the most important contradictions and problems of Russian life were considered, the unresolvedness of which led to revolutions of the beginning of the 20th century. It is noted that the journalism of M. O. Menshikov had a deep social orientation. It is shown that he attached great importance to the problems of poverty, social stratification, illiteracy, drunkenness, backward healthcare, a raw materials economy, and the contradictions of capitalism. It is emphasized that the publicist paid attention to the problem of human loneliness in society in the context of the implementation of new technical inventions (aviation, railways, telephone, etc.), reflected on the idea of increasing alienation between the people and the authorities. The author of the article points to the value and fairness of M. O. Menshikov’s judgments about the importance of considering the press as the most important institution of civil society, as well as the need to form a powerful middle class as the basis of civil society. The biography of M. O. Menshikov is considered, its place in the history of domestic conservatism is characterized.
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Son, Chunseop. "Study on the spelling norms and errors in the use of Korean abbreviations." Research Society for the Korean Language Education 20 (December 31, 2023): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25022/jkler.2023.20.047.
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Chapter 4, Section 5, Paragraphs 32 to 40 of the Hangul Orthography, which is the Korean language norm, provides detailed regulations on the spelling of Korean abbreviations. However, actual Korean speakers show usage patterns that are significantly different from the norms when it comes to spell and use of abbreviations, or experience a lot of confusion about normative usage. In addition, words that are not commonly used in the Korean language appear to be included in the norms. Accordingly, there is a need to systematically organize the norms for Korean abbreviations and examine the gap with actual usage patterns.
To summarize what I learned about the writing norms and usage patterns of Korean abbreviations in this paper, it is as follows. First, there were forms that used the normative abbreviation with significantly lower frequency. Examples include ‘‘mwosi, mue, bwaeseo, ssaeeo, pyeda’, etc.
Second, there were forms of both normative abbreviation and incorrect abbreviation that showed a certain degree of usage frequency. For example, ‘didyeo:*dideo’, seopseopji:*seopseopchi’, etc.
Third, there were examples in which the original forms of some abbreviations was rarely used in real use. Examples include ‘gaatda, seoeotda, pyeoeotda’, etc.
Fourth, among the same type of abbreviations, there were some examples where the normative form was used frequently, while there were also examples where the incorrect form was used frequently. For example, even though it is an abbreviation of the same type, ‘yokeondae:*yogeondae’ has a high frequency of use in the normative form, but the frequency of use of the two forms of ‘ganpyeonke:*ganpyeonge’ was similar.
It is hoped that this discussion in this paper will reduce confusion among Korean users regarding abbreviated spelling and help foreign learners learn Korean. In addition, it is believed that it will be a reference in establishing liguistic norms for Korean abbreviations.
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Skvortsov, V. S., and A. V. Rybina. "The Filtration of 2D Electrophoresis Data During Creation of a Learning Set for Prediction of the Value of the Isoelectric Point of Proteins." Biomedical Chemistry: Research and Methods 5, no. 1 (2022): e00162. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/bmcrm00162.
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A number of simple filters formulated from general considerations that take into account the peculiarities of the experiments as well as results obtained in 2D electrophoresis experiments are considered. These filters can be used for automated dataset formation and verification of learning of system for predicting protein isoelectric point values. These include: (i) filtering obvious errors introduced during initial database formation; (ii) selection of a known plausible range of values; (iii) selection of a single variant among various proteoforms; (iv) selection within a preset value of electrophoretic shift deviation, etc. Using a dataset combining data from 8 maps of Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Rattus norvegicus, the application of this set of filters improved the R2 value of predictions from 0.44 to 0.67.
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Latypova, Alina R. "Between Mutation and Glitch." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 2 (2020): 162–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057228.
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The following paper considers the immanent principles of digital media evolution. The features of the evolutional route of digital objects are conditioned by glitches, errors and bugs, which appear in media functioning, what in its turn gives birth to the new forms, structures and configurations of digital reality. The glitches are considered not only as a kind of digital mutations, but also as a sign of activity of media. Decisions elaborated from the programs’ failures enlarge the resolution capacity of new technologies. The paper provides an analysis of certain errors and glitches, which engineers, programmers, game designers faced with during their work with digital environment. The theoretical framework includes Henri Bergson’s theory of creative evolution, Gram Harman’s object-oriented philosophy, media philosophical approach to the problem of the activity of object proposed by Valery Savchuk and the theory of self-organisation and autopoiesis of the social systems worked out by Niklas Luhmann. The analysis of digital objects activity demonstrates two levels of functioning. The first one, fictional level, reveals mainly (but not only) in the computer games and concerns the content of media, when we gain a habit to interact with digital objects/characters as if they are real. The second level, operational, realises in the digital environment in general and concerns the form of media. On this level, glitches and bugs have crucial meaning, because they might evoke the changes in the digital world organisation, starting from the local decisions for the certain program (e.g. the elaboration of the new ways in solving locomotional tasks in simulations, which might be later use in other projects) and ending with the replacement of practices and representations typical for the human of digital era. The paper shows that it is possible to talk about digital evolution not in terms of the history of technological inventions, but in terms of the changes in digital objects caused by the inner logic of media, independently from the human will and expectations.
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Nurmunirah Ramli, Mohammad Naqib Hamdan, Mohd Anuar Ramli, Saiful Izwan Abd Razak, Hussein ‘Azeemi Abdullah Thaidi, Mohd Farhan Md Ariffin, and Norhidayu Muhamad Zain. "A Need of Shariah Compliant Model of 3D Bioprinting." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, no. 2 (October 11, 2022): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.08.
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One of the credible inventions is 3D Bioprinting or organ printing which uses layer by layer fabrication manner and is an emerging and developing technology offered by the research industry and can help the humanity in certain areas of life e.g., health, food, etc. The technology has been found beneficial in wide spectrum within the medical industry in fighting the shortage of organ and tissues donations. It is also helpful for the pharmaceuticals for determining effectiveness of new drugs and the food industry players to develop new type of edible meat for humans’ consumption. However, behind all these benefits, there are unresolved issues that need be discussed critically and addressed properly within the ethics, law and orders of Islamic worldview. This study aims to indentify the Sharī‘ah related issues raised consequent upon the invention of 3D bioprinting. The study uses data collection from scholars’ writings, academic journals, and Islamic fatwa related to bioethics. The data are analysed thematically. The results show that there is a loophole in bioethics research on Sharī‘ah compliant guidelines for the Muslims users with regards to bioprinting usage. It is suggested for the experts to do thorough research on Sharī‘ah compliant guidelines of bioprinting to be the benchmark guideline for authorities such as JAKIM in Malaysia and other authorities such as the Ministry of Health in treating the Muslim patients.
Keywords:3D Bioprinting, Ethical and Legal Issues, Organ Printing, Sharī ‘ah Compliance.
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Maksimov, Valeriy Pavlovich, and Andrey Andreyevich Mikhaylin. "Creation of a universal tool for reclamation cultivation of plains and slopes based on conceptual design." Agrarian Scientific Journal, no. 3 (March 18, 2024): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2024i3pp110-117.
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The particular set of conceptual design methods proposed in this paper is, in fact, a functional and structural analysis, which includes: isolating the structure of the system from the environment, the sequence of performing a number of actions to achieve goals, etc. In some cases, the conceptual design methods conduct a systematic synthesis of the project under study. Object-oriented modeling is one of the main elements of such a methodology. The use of modern methods of analysis and synthesis of the structure of the object minimizes errors that are potentially possible during conceptual design and allows to obtain at this stage the maximum improvement of the structure of the tool, which most rationally fits the functional requirements of the technical task. Using the methodology of conceptual system design based on the universal modeling language UML, while using the integration of the necessary corresponding diagrams, we get the opportunity to create the necessary structural model of the system. The structural model is obtained as a result of combining two unary diagrams (target classes and object classes) through logical functional relationships of their entities in the form of a third (transitional) unary diagram of functional-target classes and is a hybrid object-target diagram of classes. This diagram describes the effects on the studied system of reclamation cultivation of slope and plain lands as well as the requirements for their treatment. Emerging goals are structured by the relationship with the elements of technological equipment from the set technological tasks. The resulting structured targets are combined into a basic structure through their aggregation relations of the tool for the system of reclamation cultivation of slope and plain lands. As a result of the theoretical studies of the reclamation treatment system, a new method of slope treatment was created, protected by the RF patent, as well as a number of inventions allowing to create a universal tillage tool used in the reclamation cultivation system for slope and plain lands.
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., Vedpal, and Naresh Chauhan. "A Technique for Regression Testing of Object Oriented Software." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2018): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.1.1824.
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The main challenge in testing an OOS is that there are large number of test cases which are not feasible to execute all of them within constrained time and budget. This paper proposes some factors which can be used to prioritize the test cases in order to have an effective testing. The considered factors are based on the testing history and structured analysis of the software. These factors may be nature of bug, capability of a test case, execution time, business impact, coverage of code in terms of classes(old and new classes), etc. Every factor has been assigned a positive weight which shows the criticality of the factor and ability to introduce the errors in the software. The prioritized set of test cases thus obtained is helpful to discover maximum bugs as early as possible.
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Hudoshnyk, Oksana, and Oleksandr P. Krupskyi. "Science and comics: from popularization to the discipline of Comics Studies." History of science and technology 12, no. 2 (December 16, 2022): 210–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32703/2415-7422-2022-12-2-210-230.
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Modern scientific communication traditionally uses visual narratives, such as comics, for education, presentation of scientific achievements to a mass audience, and as an object of research. The article offers a three-level characterization of the interaction of comic culture and science in a diachronic aspect. Attention is focused not only on the chronological stages of these intersections, the expression of the specifics of the interaction is offered against the background of scientific and public discussions that accompany the comics–science dialogue to this day. Within the framework of the first stage (the appearance and distribution of popular science and educational comics), the characteristics of comics content necessary for the different genesis are highlighted: documentary storytelling, educational practices of learning through drawing, active cooperation with well-known companies and institutions, informativeness and empathic involvement of the young reader in a heroico-romantic narrative of scientific discoveries and mastering nature. With the intensification of interdisciplinary approaches (the second stage), comics are increasingly involved in presenting scientific results within the most diverse fields. Comics-based research is becoming an interdisciplinary method and a widespread practical area with the corresponding formation of scientific tools (applied comics, data comics), forms of interdisciplinary interaction (graphic medicine, ethnography, narrative geography, urban comics, comics journalism, etc.), and scientific publications (“The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship”, “Sequentials”). The national format of comics-based research is presented on the example of Ukrainian comics projects (historical, feminist comics). In the genesis of development, Comics Studies have gone from a field of research to disciplinary definitions. In the creation of the metadiscourse of the scientific direction (the third stage), the authors focused on scientific discussions, the formation of academic directions and approaches, and markers of disciplinary self-identification. Emphasis is placed on the unique phenomenon of the simultaneous concordance of various stages of the dialogue between comics and science, on the prolonged replication of successful inventions into modern experience, and the active testing of known narratives at new levels of a scientific presentation.
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Koç, Feden. "The Effect of Video Games and Video Game Playing Time on the Performance of Computerized Accounting Lesson." International Journal of Technology in Education 6, no. 3 (August 12, 2023): 488–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijte.525.
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In this study, it is aimed to determine the effect of video game playing time on academic performance of students who play video games and take computerized accounting courses at Uşak University and attend computerized accounting courses. The data obtained with the questionnaire applied to a total of seventy students within the scope of the study were analyzed with the SPSS 26 statistical analysis program. The findings obtained from the study revealed that the majority of the students played video games for 1-2 hours a day on average and preferred Akınsoft software in the computerized accounting course. Other findings obtained from the study show that playing video games accelerates the learning process, using computer, keyboard, mouse, etc. in computerized accounting course. It has been revealed that it provides practicality in the use of technological tools, provides practicality in the creation of accounting slips, facilitates the detection of errors in incorrectly created accounting slips, and enables the different accounting package programs to be investigated curiously. In addition, another finding obtained within the scope of the study revealed that the duration of playing video games contributed to the academic performance of the computerized accounting course at a low level
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Doboş, Cristian Ilie. "Kitsch aspects in film music." Artes. Journal of Musicology 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 250–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajm-2022-0016.
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Abstract History has documented the human species’ struggles to understand beauty and communities’ efforts to grow through education. Figures of universal culture, such as Plato, Aristotle, G. W. F. von Leibniz, A. G. Baumgarten, I. Kant, G. W. F. Hegel, etc. tackled matters of aesthetics with great care. In the postmodernist period art, one of the four pillars of a peoples’ culture, together with language, history and religion, goes through a particular phase about which we cannot unequivocally say that is evolutionary. Under the onslaught of common people’s entertainment culture, contemporary art has a hard time maintaining its initial mission, that of elevating man’s soul and generating aesthetic projections of reality on a cognitive plane. The overwhelming significance that art and natural beauty carry in the intellectual life, beginning with the 18th century, is challenged by kitsch, this scourge, which came to prominence within society from the time when bourgeois civilization reached its peak, towards the end of the 19th century. Following a short presentation of various kitsch forms, associations and typologies in music, history, architecture, sculpture, decorative art and interior design, choreography, media, etc., we discuss kitsch aspects in film music, emphasising unjustified, incongruous and unempathetic associations between music and the rest of the filmic units. At the same time, we also present possible solutions for avoiding association errors. The examples are structured in the following subchapters: stylistic incongruities between filmic units vs. characteristics of the epoch augmented by music; using mainly dissonant or atonal sonorities in movies; exploring different cultures: ethnic music between deformation and authenticity; national and international in Romanian movies; representative songs - the more or less commercial exogenous motivation of film music; regarding the quantity of musical events in movies.
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Wei, Zhou, Liu Yue, Chen Weichun, Xie Yutong, Zhou Gaotong, and Qian Lu. "On Sorting, Translation and Dissemination of Suqian Baijiu Culture." Journal of Education and Culture Studies 7, no. 2 (March 16, 2023): p1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v7n2p1.
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Baijiu culture is an important part of traditional Chinese culture and plays an important role in inheriting and carrying forward the excellent culture. At present, there are a large number of documents on Baijiu/ Liquor culture, but only a few of them are related to a particular local culture. This research deeply explores the long history of Suqian Baijiu culture, aiming to sort out and translate the brewing process of Suqian Baijiu, etc., which helps to understand the rich connotation and enhance the relative intrinsic value of Suqian Baijiu culture. However, due to barriers of language and cultural background, there are often various irregularities and errors in translation from Chinese to English, which makes it even difficult for foreigners to understand unique liquor culture of China. The purposes of this research and related translation of Suqian Baijiu culture are to bring Suqian liquor to the international market and let more people feel the charm of Suqian local Baijiu culture.
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Curry, John. "Professional Wargaming: A Flawed but Useful Tool." Simulation & Gaming 51, no. 5 (April 17, 2020): 612–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878120901852.
Full textAbstract:
Rationale for the Article. Professional wargames have long been an integral part of the tool set used by the military. The literature includes many examples of wargames that have been successful in terms of training, military education, procurement, operational analysis and planning for war. However, retrospective examination demonstrates that many of these professional wargames also had major errors in them and by implication current games about future confrontations are similarly flawed. Nevertheless, the academic evidence is clear that such games are still invaluable tools. Methodology. Ten years of research into the development of wargames undertaken by the History of Wargaming Project has analysed and made generally available more professional wargames than ever before. Retrospective examination of a sample of these declassified games, from the British War Office Rules (1896) to more recent games about the Ukraine, shows significant errors. Value. Demonstrating that professional games had errors in the past opens challenges the overconfidence in the predictive capacity of games. It also raises the possibility for future research to identify game design bias and to develop better games in the future. Understanding the value of better games, even with their inherent issues, raise the possibility of better preparing decision makers for the future. Notes. The words wargame and game are used interchangeably in this article. Whilst the techniques used in professional gaming evolved from modelling the battlefield, modern professional gaming is increasingly focussed on other situations that are not war, such as state level confrontations, trade wars, politics, cyber conflict, banking crisis etc. Using the term wargame seems inappropriate when for example, gaming a shipping dispute. All the games referred to this article, unless otherwise noted, are professional wargames, used by military, government, public sector bodies and other parties directly involved in real world issues. The prefix professional has been omitted for brevity in most places.
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Stanovaïa, Lydia A. "Old French nominal declension – reality or illusion?" Theoretical and Applied Linguistics, no. 4 (2021): 112–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/2410-7190_2021_7_4_112_134.
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The article examines the Old French nominal declension theory, which, despite criticism and convincing against arguments, remains a postulate of the French language history. This study aims to verify the theory based on comparison and critical analysis of arguments and facts obtained from the history of French during 200 years of empirical research. The analysis showed that the opinion about the declension reality is based on variable graphic forms with -s / without -s present in the 9–15th c. French manuscripts unreasonably identified as grammatical and treated as case forms. All deviations from the formulated by Fr. Raynouard's «s rules» are considered «errors» resulting from the progressive destruction of declension in French dialects during the 11–15th c. The illusory nature of the declension, first mentioned by Fr. Guessard and Fr. Génin, was confirmed by empirical studies of the 20–21th c. The article presents the following evidence of the absence of the Old French declension as a valid grammatical system: zero functional significance of case forms and declension in general, the absence of grammatical forms of the direct case regularly expressing the grammatical meaning of the direct case and opposed to the corresponding forms of the indirect case in language and speech, limitation and lacunarity of declension, covering a small part of nouns, adjectives, articles, etc., the absence of regular types and paradigms of declension, no clear boundaries between «declinable» and «non-declinable» names, up to 100% of «errors in declension». The variability of graphic forms with -s / without -s observed in French manuscripts is a purely graphic phenomenon associated with different scriptural standards (analogical or etymological type of graphic design of the name). The presence of manuscripts made in the same dialect zone, but differing in the type of graphic design disproves the dialect theory of declension.
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Spahiu, Artan, and Fatma Spahiu. "The Copyright in Albania and its Legal Protection under National Law." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v5i1.p143-153.
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It is a fact that the entire history of existence and development of human society has been founded on products of intellectual creativity of the human mind, which have been used to solve different problems of the time.We all have witnessed how the human imagination in the world has made possible the development in the field of science, technology and especially in Arts. Scientific innovations and the artistic activities, such as the music, painting or literature are created by individuals who have the ability to see and to express things in new and innovative ways.Intellectual property is a legal term that refers to the special protection, reserved by the law to the product shaped by human ideas, such as scientific and technological inventions or the artistic works. First of all, the intellectual property is considered a non-material asset that can be sold, bought, exchanged, licensed, etc., as well as any other property. On the other hand, it is considered as a personal exclusive right of the owner. Under intellectual property laws, the owner of intellectual property is granted the right to stop any infringement, unauthorized intervention or activities in relation to his property. One of the most important intellectual property rights is the copyright, which is the object of study of this article. The Copyright and the related intellectual rights, specially provided by the domestic normative framework, constitute relatively new legal institutes to Albanian reality. The Copyright in Albania presents special features because on the one hand it’s facing a normative regulation which aspires to get closer to international standards, but in practice it’s facing a insufficient and ineffective protection by the competent state authorities.
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Waszkiewicz, Napoleon, Sławomir Dariusz Szajda, Alina Kępka, Agata Szulc, and Krzysztof Zwierz. "Glycoconjugates in the detection of alcohol abuse." Biochemical Society Transactions 39, no. 1 (January 19, 2011): 365–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0390365.
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Up to 30% of all hospital admissions and health-care costs may be attributable to alcohol abuse. Ethanol, its oxidative metabolites, acetaldehyde and ROS (reactive oxygen species), non-oxidative metabolites of alcohol [e.g. FAEEs (fatty acid ethyl esters)] and the ethanol–water competition mechanism are all involved in the deregulation of glycoconjugate (glycoprotein, glycolipid and proteoglycan) metabolic processes including biosynthesis, modification, transport, secretion, elimination and catabolism. An increasing number of new alcohol biomarkers that are the result of alcohol-induced glycoconjugate metabolic errors have appeared in the literature. Glycoconjugate-related alcohol markers are involved in, or are a product of, altered glycoconjugate metabolism, e.g. CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin), SA (sialic acid), plasma SIJ (SA index of apolipoprotein J), CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein), β-HEX (β-hexosaminidase), dolichol, EtG (ethyl glucuronide) etc. Laboratory tests based on changes in glycoconjugate metabolism are useful in settings where the co-operativeness of the patient is impaired (e.g. driving while intoxicated) or when a history of alcohol use is not available (e.g. after trauma). In clinical practice, glycoconjugate markers of alcohol use/abuse let us distinguish alcoholic from non-alcoholic tissue damage, having important implications for the treatment and management of diseases.
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Pathak, Sunita. "ENERGY PROBLEM AND ENVIRONMENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3257.
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Energy is a very important infrastructure / infrastructure / point of view of economic development. Energy plays a major role in the ecological balance of nature, which maintains the interaction between biological and abiotic components of the natural environment. By considering development as mere economic and material development, human beings get involved in indiscriminate exploitation of natural resources by inventing fast-paced technology to compensate for the goal. This is where he makes an error and he starts destroying the environment at the point of development, which leads to many social problems, one of which is energy crisis. The modern era of human history began with the modern technology of production and the demand for energy went on increasing, in the last three or four thousand years, the human society could not use in the last three or four thousand years, many times more modern society used it in only 100 years Due to which the pressure on the sources of limited reserves is increasing, which is the main reason for the energy crisis. Due to not concentrating on non-conventional sources of energy in a timely manner, it is increasing further, so we have to pay special attention to non-conventional sources like solar energy, wind energy, etc. soon.
आर्थिक विकास केेेेेेेेेेेेेेेेेे दृ्रष्टिकोण से ऊर्जा एक अत्यन्त महत्वपूर्ण अवस्थापना/इन्फ्रास्ट्रक्चर/ है। प्रकृति के पारिस्थितिक संतुलन में ऊर्जा की मुख्य भूमिका रहती है, जो प्राकृतिक परिवेश के जैविक तथा अजैविक घटकों के मध्य अन्तःक्रिया बनाए रखती है। मनुष्य विकास को मात्र आर्थिक एवं भौतिक विकास मानकर लक्ष्य की प्रतिपूर्ति के लिए तीव्र गति वाली तकनीक का आविष्कार कर प्राकृतिक संसाधनो के अंधाध्ंाुध विदोहन मे जुट जाता है। यहीं उससे त्रुटि हो जाती है और वह विकास के स्षान पर पर्यावरण का विनाश करने लगता है, जिससे अनेक सामाजिक समस्याओं को जन्म होता है, जिसमें से एक है ऊर्जा संकट । उत्पादन की आघुनिक तकनिक के साष मानव इतिहास का आधुनिक युग शुरू हुआ एवं ऊर्जा की मांॅंग बढ़ती चली गई, जितनी ऊर्जा का उपयोग विगत तीन या चार हजार वर्षो में मानव समुदाय नहीं कर पाया था, उससे कई गुना आध्ुनिक समाज ने केवल 100 वर्षो में किया है जिससे सीमित भंडार वाले स्त्रोतों पर दबाव बढ़ता चला जा रहा है जो ऊर्जा संकट का मुख्य कारण है । ऊर्जा के गैर परम्परागत स्त्रोतों पर समय पर घ्यान नहीं देने के कारण यह और बढ़ता जा रहा है अतः हमें शीध्र्र ही गैर परम्परागत स्त्रोत जैसे सौर ऊर्जा, पवन ऊर्जा आदि पर विशेष घ्यान देना होगा ।
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Stejskalová, Johana, and Markéta Spitzerová. "Vliv vzdělávacích programů na postoje žáků k antice a jejímu zastoupení v populární kultuře." Muzeum Muzejní a vlastivedná práce 61, no. 2 (2024): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/mmvp.2023.013.
Full textAbstract:
Can educational programs have an effect on pupils’ attitudes towards the given topic? An experiment on this topic was conducted among elementary school pupils. This experiment had two phases, in June 2022 students were approached with filling out a questionnaire, the research group first attended an educational program on daily life in ancient Rome. The other half, who did not attend the programme, served as a control group. The questionnaire explored pupils’ attitudes towards antiquity, the perceived meaning of archaeology and its connection to modern history, the representation of antiquity in popular culture and stereotypical ideas about it. The research group also evaluated the educational programme and the benefits of excursions in general. In the second phase (November 2022), pupils in both groups completed a questionnaire aimed solely on pupils’ attitudes towards antiquity. The results of the two groups were then analyzed and compared. A surprising finding for the researchers was that the control group showed a slightly more positive attitude towards antiquity and its importance during both June and November measurements, which may be due to several factors such as the topics discussed in class at that time, the teachers’ teaching methods, and other activities in which the pupils participated that were not controlled during the experiment. There was no positive effect of the educational programme on the consumption of media with the theme of the ancient world (books, films, games, etc.). A slight difference can be seen in the perception of the meaning of archaeology, where the research group is more likely to be inclined towards understanding technology and inventions. One can speculate whether direct contact with replicas of archaeological objects is reflected here. A more significant difference between the control and research groups lies, for example, in the knowledge test.
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Tran, Hai, and Tat-Hien Le. "Wavelet deconvolution technique for impact force reconstruction: mutual deconvolution approach." Science & Technology Development Journal - Engineering and Technology 3, SI2 (January 22, 2021): first. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjet.v3isi2.507.
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In the field of impact engineering, one of the most concerned issues is how to exactly know the history of impact force which often difficult or impossible to be measured directly. In reality, information of impact force apply to structure can be identified by means of indirect method from using information of corresponding output responses measured on structure. Namely, by using the output responses (caused by the unknown impact force) such as acceleration, displacement, or strain, etc. in cooperation with the impulse response function, the profile of unknown impact force can be rebuilt. A such indirect method is well known as impact force reconstruction or impact force deconvolution technique. Unfortunately, a simple deconvolution technique for reconstructing impact force has often encountered difficulty due to the ill-posed nature of inversion. Deconvolution technique thus often results in unexpected reconstruction of impact force with the influences of unavoidable errors which is often magnified to a large value in reconstructed result. This large magnification of errors dominates profile of desired impact force. Although there have been some regularization methods in order to improve this ill-posed problem so far, most of these regularizations are considered in the whole-time domain, and this may make the reconstruction inefficient and inaccurate because impact force is normally limited to some portions of impact duration. This work is concerned with the development of deconvolution technique using wavelets transform. Based on the advantages of wavelets (i.e., localized in time and the possibility to be analyzed at different scales and shifts), the mutual reconstruction process is proposed and formulated by considering different scales of wavelets. The experiment is conducted to verify the proposed technique. Results demonstrated the robustness of the present technique when reconstructing impact force with more stability and higher accuracy.
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Șuteu, Ștefan. "Correction de quelques erreurs dans les editions scientifiques de L’Histoire hiéroglyphique (1705) par Dimitrie Cantemir. L’edition Panaitescu-Verdeş (1965)." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia 66, no. 2 (April 13, 2022): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhist.2021.2.01.
Full textAbstract:
"Correction of some errors in the scientific editions of The Hieroglyphic History (1705) by Dimitrie Cantemir. The Panaitescu-Verdeş edition (1965). The Hieroglyphic History, written by Dimitrie Cantemir in 1705, is considered the first Romanian (historical) novel. Beyond the veil of allegory, the exotic topos and animal-related fantasy, the historical events between 1685-1705 are revealed through characteristic deciphering, which can represent valuable data for a historian. The work, first published in 1883, then in 1927 and 1957 in a few non-scientific editions, was finally republished in 1965 in a scientific edition elaborated by P.P. Panaitescu and Ion Verdeş. This particular 1965 edition is of very high historical value, but it also has a number of lacunae, especially in the field of theology. The editors don't reference certain biblical quotes, they hint at certain psychological ideas when mentioning quotes that are clearly extracted from the Bible, they ignore the biblical source, which was the very foundation of Cantemir's maxims, they overlook the study of certain toponyms with biblical origins (Euphrates, Tarshish, Babylon etc.) and don't realize that some of his ideas are of biblical origin (for example: the cyclical evolution of things, free will). Furthermore, they don't distinguish certain elements of Christian iconography from their biblical counterparts, leading to confusion (according to the editors, Saint Veronica's Veil is attributed to Magdalene!). For all this, attention, thoroughness, knowledge of biblical sources and familiarity with Romanian and European biblical tradition are required. An edition of The Hieroglyphic History which envelopes historical, philological, but also theological and, last but not least, philosophical notes and commentaries is expected in the future. Keywords: Dimitrie Cantemir, The Hieroglyphic History, Panaitescu, Verdeş, theology, cyclical evolution, Menander, The Apostle Paul, Saint Veronica’s Veil "
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RUSLAN E., KLEMENTIEV. "TRANSCRIPTS AND AROUND THEM: FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF WORK ON CREATING A DIGITAL ARCHIVE OF DOCUMENTS STORED IN THE MANUSCRIPTS DEPARTMENT OF THE IWL RAS." Lomonosov Journal of Philology, no. 3, 2023 (June 19, 2023): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.55959/msu0130-0075-9-2023-47-3-14.
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The article presents the results of work on the accessible archive of documents of literary institutes of the 1920-1930s, created by a research group from the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) project ‘Transcript’: Politics and Literature. Digital Archive of Literary Organizations of the 1920s-1930s (Project 20-18-00394). The archive will present to the vast scientific community documents from one of the most intense periods in the history of Soviet literature, which have never been published in such volumes - transcripts of MAPP, VAPP, RAPP and WOAPP conferences, plenums, the secretariat, fractions, etc.. The article explains the need to accompany digital documents in the Internet archive with a scientific apparatus, similarly to the academic archival publications of the IWL RAS and IRL RAS; the choice of such structural elements of the commentary accompanying the transcript as an index of names, agenda, keywords is motivated, and the problems associated with them are described: a large amount of material that required processing, errors in surnames, an abundance of forgotten surnames mentioned in documents, etc. One of the solutions found for working on the index is the digitization and decoding of an additional block of materials - questionnaires of writers, members of proletarian associations. The digital archive in the Transcript at this stage has by no means exhausted all the possibilities for development: a number of transcripts of thematic meetings, as well as numerous copies of speeches with corrections, remained outside the project. Protocols, transcripts from other literary archives could become the most important addition. The implementation of the project was accompanied by serious research work of the participants - articles were written on the materials of the digital archive, introducing new materials into circulation.
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Hryniak, Andrii B., Mariana D. Pleniuk, and Anatolii H. Lapko. "Practical-oriented nature of learning as an important component of legal education reform in Ukraine." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.186-196.
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The relevance of the study of practice-oriented educational process is due to the processes of reforming legal education in Ukraine, attempts to theoretically determine the methods of teaching subjects and conducting independent classes. The study of the peculiarities of the organisation of students 'independent tasks, their verification and analysis of errors is due to its purpose, which is to study the practice-oriented nature of learning and identify learning difficulties in students' independent work, suggest ways to eliminate them and justify improving the learning process. Thanks to the basic methods of scientific knowledge, in particular general and special legal, the essence of independent work of students is revealed, which in its work contains the principle of developmental learning, both without the participation of the teacher and under his direct supervision. Based on the philosophical and functional method it was possible to outline the main function of the educational process – obtaining the maximum amount of knowledge, their consolidation and transformation into skills and abilities. Using the structural-functional method, it was investigated that among the most useful skills for students in solving problems independently are writing essays and working in groups. Thanks to the sociostatistical method, the essence of students' group work is revealed, which promotes mutual control, increases the level of motivation, development of cognitive activity, interest in performing joint work, etc. The result of the study is its validity on the rational organisation of methodological support of independent work of students, as well as on the possibility of high-quality assimilation of educational material by students, lays the foundation for further self-education and selfimprovement. It is substantiated that the performance of independent homework by students-lawyers of both theoretical and practical nature has a positive effect on the formation and development of special (subject) skills, including mastery and correct interpretation of legal terminology, definition of the most important features and nature of legal categories, ability to formulate and substantiate their position when analysing the situation from the standpoint of law
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Hryniak, Andrii B., Mariana D. Pleniuk, and Anatolii H. Lapko. "Practical-oriented nature of learning as an important component of legal education reform in Ukraine." Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine 28, no. 3 (September 17, 2021): 186–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(3).2021.186-196.
Full textAbstract:
The relevance of the study of practice-oriented educational process is due to the processes of reforming legal education in Ukraine, attempts to theoretically determine the methods of teaching subjects and conducting independent classes. The study of the peculiarities of the organisation of students 'independent tasks, their verification and analysis of errors is due to its purpose, which is to study the practice-oriented nature of learning and identify learning difficulties in students' independent work, suggest ways to eliminate them and justify improving the learning process. Thanks to the basic methods of scientific knowledge, in particular general and special legal, the essence of independent work of students is revealed, which in its work contains the principle of developmental learning, both without the participation of the teacher and under his direct supervision. Based on the philosophical and functional method it was possible to outline the main function of the educational process – obtaining the maximum amount of knowledge, their consolidation and transformation into skills and abilities. Using the structural-functional method, it was investigated that among the most useful skills for students in solving problems independently are writing essays and working in groups. Thanks to the sociostatistical method, the essence of students' group work is revealed, which promotes mutual control, increases the level of motivation, development of cognitive activity, interest in performing joint work, etc. The result of the study is its validity on the rational organisation of methodological support of independent work of students, as well as on the possibility of high-quality assimilation of educational material by students, lays the foundation for further self-education and selfimprovement. It is substantiated that the performance of independent homework by students-lawyers of both theoretical and practical nature has a positive effect on the formation and development of special (subject) skills, including mastery and correct interpretation of legal terminology, definition of the most important features and nature of legal categories, ability to formulate and substantiate their position when analysing the situation from the standpoint of law
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Zinchenko, Olena. "JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEMS OF RESEARCH OF TORSION SHAFTS OF SUSPENSION SYSTEMS OF LIGHT ARMORED VEHICLES ACCORDING TO STRENGTH AND DURABILITY CRITERIA." Bulletin of the National Technical University «KhPI». Series: Automobile and Tractor Construction, no. 1 (June 19, 2024): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2078-6840.2024.1.06.
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The paper shows the necessity of improving the torsion shafts of the suspension systems of light armored vehicles in order to improve their main characteristics. As a result of the analysis of the existing methods and methodologies of torsion shafts calculation, we came to the conclusion about the need to create an adequate model, which would include an assessment of the stress-strain state of the torsion shaft in different zones, taking into account many factors. Known simplified methods for calculating the stress-strain state of torsion shafts are not suitable for the complex non-homogeneous components distribution of the stress-strain state and are a source of potential errors. Therefore, there is a need to apply the incremental flow theory, taking into account the load history of the torsion shaft material. In the work, it is proposed to reduce the problem to a sequence of problems with the breakdown of the load history into separate steps and within each step to simultaneously take into account the elastic-plastic deformation and contact interaction and their relationship and mutual influence. The necessity of generalized parametric modeling of the torsion shaft is shown, according to which the generalized parameters represent a set of distributions, functions, dependencies, structures, forms, properties, etc., which uniquely identify the torsion shaft. At the same time, this method makes it possible to purposefully change the current technical solution. All these studies will provide an opportunity to substantiate the parameters of torsion shafts in the context of improving their strength and durability.
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Mizukawa, Makoto, Kazuhito Yokoi, Tsutomu Hasegawa, Shigeki Sugano, and Yasushi Nakauchi. "Special Issue on Kukanchi Interactive Human – Space Design and Intelligence Dedicated to Dr. Kazuo Tanie." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 441–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0441.
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The history of science and technology evolution plays a great role in expanding human ability. Physical enhancement is done by controlling power after invention of steam engines and governor. These lead inventions of various useful machines to improve the productivity of material, food, and many attractive consumer products such as automobiles. Electrics and electronics also provided social infrastructure for industries and individual life. From ancient times, media have been developed to assist in intellectual activities such as characters, clay boards, papers, printing machines to carry knowledge. The accumulation of knowledge was one source of governance power and social movement of the Enlightenment promoted spreading such knowledge to citizens by editing Encyclopedias. This movement opened modern and civilized era. Telecommunication and computer technologies have accelerated to develop tools that help thinking and communication using the enormous knowledge stored in storages distributed worldwide. Kukanchi —Interactive Human-Space Design and Intelligence— enhances human physical boundary limited by its body to its surrounding space adopting and fusing technologies such as robotics, structured information, sensor network, object oriented software, software engineering of Robot Technology (RT) middleware, human–robot–interaction, etc. Kukanchi is expected to provide barrier–free environment and support to maintain QoL of daily life for any kind of handicapped people. This special issue features nine excellent papers from researchers devoting efforts to establishing kukanchi field and concept. This special issue is edited by guest editors, Prof. Makoto Mizukawa (Shibaura Institute of Technology) and four editors, Drs. Kazuhito Yokoi (AIST), Tsutomu Hasegawa (Kyushu University), Shigeki Sugano (Waseda University), Yasushi Nakauchi (University of Tsukuba). We thank the authors for their contributions and reviewers for their time and effort in making this special issue possible. We also thank the JRM Editorial Board for providing the opportunity to take part in this work. In closing, we would like to express our deep gratitude to the late Dr. Kazuo Tanie, who founded the Kukanchi research group.
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Shamayeva, Kira. "«24 Children's Pieces for Piano» by Viktor Kosenko in the European Music History for Children." Ukrainian musicology 48 (November 17, 2022): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/0130-5298.2022.48.288431.
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Relevance of research. The long-awaited comprehensive study of the work of the classic of Ukrainian music V. S. Kosenko led to the appeal to "24 children's pieces for the piano" not only as (with the approach still widespread in musicology) to the object of children's, purely oriented on didactic-methodical tasks of musical literature, but as a deeply meaningful work of art. A scientific novelty is the use of comparative intonation analysis of Kosenko's and Chopin's music. The goal is to introduce the piece to the broadest context of European piano music. The research methodology is also based on the application of historical and comparative methods, source analysis, elements of complex musicological analysis, etc.
The history of how musical literature FOR children of didactic purpose was replenished with the characteristics of musical literature ABOUT children was considered. The library created by I. S. Bach (small preludes, two- and three-part inventions, "Little Books") and sheet music compiled by L. Mozart to teach children (the first stage of their own) profession, were enriched with music about life situations, dreams, and feelings of children of the times of R. Schumann ("Album for Youth") and P. Tchaikovsky ("Children's Album").
"24 children's pieces for the piano" by V. Kosenko are written for children and about children of a new, modern author's era. The work is dedicated to "young pianists of our flourishing socialist Motherland." The heroes of the plays, like children of all times, have children's fun, toys, fantasies, fairy tales, lullabies in the family circle, and also life in a large team, hiking with pioneer songs, playing their contemporary heroes. Therefore, the dances "Waltz", "Mazurka", "Polka", "Ballet scene" are perceived as imported from another life -small in size, melodious, elegant, elegiac-dreamy pieces, moreover, they are all written in minor keys - dances that did not exist in the everyday life of that era. This music is a memory of one's own childhood, of the lost past.
Conclusions. The main innovation that distinguishes the work from previous children's literature is the use of 24 tonalities laid out in parallel major and minor on the circle of fifths. The cycle "24 Preludes" by F. Chopin, the favorite composer, the companion of Viktor Kosenko's entire musical life, was written according to the same principle. The comparative analysis of monotone pieces (№№ 4, 6, 8, 11, 15, 19, 20, 22) of the two composers, making impossible the opinion about the external similarity and randomness of the organization of the musical material, proved the depth of the Ukrainian artist's understanding of the "creative spirit" of the Polish genius.
Kosenko's appeal to Chopin's music is multifaceted. Often this is the appearance in children's plays of Chopin's intonation — the shortest melodic turn or expressive interval that carries the emotional idea of the work and performs this function in Kosenko's plays. Viktor Kosenko re-intonates, transposes, rhythmically changes the intonations of Preludes. They become elements of polyphony, enrich the harmony, the organization of phrases appears to be similar in the works, the metrorhythm, saturation of the texture is the same.
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Carson, Linda, Nadine Quehl, Inara Aliev, and James Danckert. "Angle-Based Drawing Accuracy Analysis and Mental Models of Three-Dimensional Space." Art & Perception 2, no. 1-2 (2014): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134913-00002019.
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Drawing from a still-life is a complex visuomotor task. Nevertheless, experts depict three-dimensional subjects convincingly with two-dimensional images. Studies of drawing have historically relied on human critics’ judgement of the drawings, the professional reputations and self-reported experience of the drawers. To extend that work, we developed an objective measurement of the accuracy of a perspective drawing, based on a comparison of the drawing with a ground truth photograph of the subject taken from the same viewpoint. If we measure the angles at intersecting edges in the drawings we can calculate both local errors and each person’s mean percentage magnitude error across angles in the still life. This gives a continuous objective measure of drawing accuracy that correlates well with years of art experience. Drawing expertise may depend to some extent on more accurate internal models of 3D space. To explore this possibility we had adults with a range of drawing experience draw a still life. Participants also made perceptual judgements of still lifes, both from direct observation and from an imagined side view. A conventional mental rotation task failed to differentiate drawing expertise. However, those who drew angles more accurately were also significantly better judges of slant, i.e., the pitch of edges in the still life. Those with the most drawing experience were significantly better judges of spatial extent, i.e., which landmarks were leftmost, rightmost, nearest, farthest etc. The ability to visualize in three dimensions the orientation and relationships of components of a still life predicts drawing accuracy and expertise.
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Ostroglazova, N. A. "On the <i>New Dark Age</i> by James Bridle." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 7, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2023-1-25-170-172.
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This year AST published The New Dark Age the first ever translation into Russian of James Bridle, contemporary British writer, artist, and computer technology expert. Sprinkling a fascinating narrative with interesting and often frightening facts from various fields and references to philosophy, the author created a convincing and sobering picture of the world in which we live, not even suspecting its ever-growing complexity and inhumanity. Despite the modern trend on cultural literacy, Bridle focuses on our blindness and arrogance regarding pervasive technological systems. Bridle encourages his readers to engage in critical thinking, see the reality for what it is and embrace it in its overwhelming complexity and fragility. Questioning the linearity of progress, he posits that we might have already passed our peak knowledge. It means that ongoing calculations and the resulting additional data only make the world a less understandable place to live in. Instead of an elegant and working picture of the world, we are surrounded by darkness, pervasive chaos under the guise of calculated order. Bridle’s zeal to trace back the hard basis of cyber reality takes him on a journey from the electric cables in the depths of the ocean to the contrails-lined sky. Electricity, unpredictable weather and climate change, the first computers and secret inventions, the works of great mathematicians and stock market crashes, satellite maps, world aviation, Concordes and short-term turbulence, unsuccessful GPS journeys, computer games, social networks and entertainment videos on the Internet, scientific research errors caused by a variety of factors from measuring instrument deficiency to dubious publishing ethics in the modern scientific community, permafrost, history and time machine, biodiversity and plague... Technology is a black box and it clouds our vision. With more data available (and increasingly hard to digest) we are less apt to good decision-making and are likely to be taking a leap of faith in the dark of the black box of omnipresent technologies. Are we standing at the edge of an abyss? In this fascinating read, Bridle invites us to admit and possibly bridge the gap between our understanding of reality and the reality.
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Deinychenko, Hryhorii, Vasyl Huzenko, Dmytro Dmytrevskyi, Inna Zolotukhina, and Оleksandr Omelchenko. "Analysis of Waste-Free Processing of Dairy Raw Materials Implementation Issuesin Industrial Conditions." Restaurant and hotel consulting. Innovations 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7468.6.1.2023.278473.
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Topicality. Today, the existing innovative developments of dairy food products have great opportunities for the wide implementation of various types and quality of dairy raw materials into production. After all, many inventions directly relate to technologies for the production of fermented milk products, bakery and confectionery products, beverages, health products, etc. This requires the use of a certain type of dairy raw materials. The problem is that there are many such products, and with the increase in the production capacity of food enterprises, there is a necessity to enlarge the number of implementations of the production of dairy products. Currently, in food industry, the number of such implementations which would provide our population with the necessary amount of scarce animal protein is insignificant. In addition, under such circumstances, people’s nutrition becomes too unbalanced, especially in the winter season. An equally important problem of new waste-free technologies implementation is a weak experimental base for creating new competitive equipment in laboratory conditions. The developed model of the process, equipment or the entire line will not have a sense without the implementation of cer tain investment contributions. The aim of this article is to reveal the main points, to choose the optimal solutions for the complex waste-free processing of dairy raw materials, and to avoid crisis situations, as well as to highlight the most precise directions in which the improvement of the general process itself should be carried out, to provide some explanations and suggestions for avoiding the main problems in the field of processing dairy raw materials. Research methods: analytical, standard generally accepted physical and chemical, as well as monographic, analysis and synthesis, classification. Results. An analysis of technological, technical and organizational issues is provided, the solution of which will allow the implementation of innovative solutions for waste-free processing of dairy raw materials in the conditions of food industry. The qualitative indicators of protein-carbohydrate dairy raw materials for further implementation in the production of dairy products are shown, and the needs of future production in another raw materials base are analyzed. Taking into account the seasonal distribution of usage in waste-free production of certain types of raw materials will ensure its reliable and stable operation with the simultaneous expansion of the final products range. A variant of technical equipment of the future zero-waste production for the processing of dairy raw materials and its maintenance is developed. A clear and well-considered choice of technology and equipment for modernization or creation of new lines of waste-free processing of dairy raw materials and means of its sanitary processing will allow to increase the competitiveness of final products and bring production to a modern level. Conclusions and discussion. A number of issues that must be taken into account when organizing a future enterprise for the production of dairy products using zero-waste technologies are presented. An analysis of investment needs for the development of the chosen direction for the effective organization of the future milk processing enterprise is provided.
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Fowler, Alison J., Richard Gillespie, and Robert E. M. Hedges. "Radiocarbon Dating of Sediments." Radiocarbon 28, no. 2A (1986): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200007578.
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In 14C dating of sediment, the date of deposition is associated with its C age. Most sediments are complex mixtures containing little organic material frequently derived from several sources. The most conspicuous sources of error result from 1) the incorporation of “fossil” carbon (eg, graphite, lignite, etc) into a more recent sediment. This is particularly important in low carbon sediments (Olsson, 1972); 2) the incorporation of older, ‘reworked’ sedimentary material, eg, from terrigenous sources into a lacustrine environment (Schoute, Mook & Streuerman, 1983); 3) the dating of mainly autochthonous material which has metabolized carbon from dissolved bicarbonate carbonates originating from dissolution of fossil.To provide more information for the 14C ages of components of a sediment, we have used the small sample capability (ie, > = 1 mg carbon) of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator to date specific fractions. Within the limitations of the ‘conventional’ method, different fractions in soils have been the subject of two investigations (Scharpenseel, 1979; Sheppard, Syed & Mehringer, 1979). In general the results show that a measurement on undifferentiated sediment may lead to serious errors in the 14C date, that specific fractions do not guarantee a better date for deposition, but nearly always provide valuable information on the particular history of the individual sediment in relation to its specific context. It is usually possible to estimate the occurrence of the first two sources of error listed above, but more difficult to quantify the extent of terrestrial input and “hard water” error.
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Kuznetsov, Igor. "A Review of Sergei Kan, Lev Shternberg: etnolog, narodnik, borets za prava evreev [Lev Shternberg: Anthropologist, Russian Socialist, Jewish Activist], transl. from English by A. Glebovskaya. St Petersburg; Boston: Bibliorossika; Academic Studies Press, 2023, 694 pp. (Contemporary Jewish Studies)." Antropologicheskij forum 20, no. 61 (June 2024): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/1815-8870-2024-20-61-221-229.
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This book written by Sergei Kan is dedicated to Lev Shternberg (1961–1927), who was a major Russian ethnographer and public figure, one of the founders of the so-called Leningrad school. The Russian translation of the book is reviewed. The large-scale study, rich in archival sources from all possible collections (American Philosophical Society, American Museum of Natural History, the Kunstkammer, RAS Archives, etc.), has been written in the best traditions of the prominent historian George Stocking’s approach. The reviewer notes several undoubted merits of Kan’s work. The main one is an attempt to place the Russian scholar’s research in the context of the Western anthropology of his time. One of the most profound ideas of the book concerns the assessment of Morgan’s influence on Sternberg’s work, and, in a broader perspective, on the development of the social sciences in Russia and the USSR, where, according to the author, social evolutionism played a much more progressive role than in Europe or the USA. That theory served rather to confirm the necessity of social reform, and neither then nor later was it associated with the reaction in the natural sciences, Eurocentrism, and white racism that Boas saw in it. At the same time, the edition under review contains a few inaccuracies and factual errors, some of which were already present in the original edition, while others have arisen due to a not entirely accurate translation.
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Majkut, Paul. "Media Structural Defacement and Its Philosophical Implications." Glimpse 21 (2020): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/glimpse20202111.
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Examples given in this paper deal with print media, but the argument applies to all media. These examples illustrate structural-linguistic principles, principles that may be extended to any medium. The approach is structuralist.The history of handwritten and printed texts in the West is an inseparable history of punctuation and lettering. Written and printed texts represent spoken language: letters are representations of segmental-phonemes (linguistically meaningful sounds); graphemic punctuation represents meaningful supra-segmental phonemes (intonation, pitch, pause, etc.).Alphabetical, graphemic representation in the West has through the ages developed many arbitrary systems of grammatic punctuation to show speech, but the semantics of speech representation remains under-developed. This is no less true of digital media as of print media. Digital print media are particularly vulnerable to ambiguity. Emoticons and emojis came about of necessity. Just as early-print punctuation was primarily invented by printers and printers’ devils, not scholars, so too emoticons are Silicon-Valley formalization of user-invented semantic punctuation. :-) becomes [smiley emoji] or [smiling alien emoji]. :-( becomes [frowning emoji] or [frowning alien emoji], and so on—and ambiguity is the hothouse of error and misreading that affects all media. We should not be surprised. It is said that a similar devil, Titivillus, caused medieval manuscript scribes to make errors in their copying.I am specifically interested in the ramifications of semantic punctuation on philosophical texts—above all, irony, though sarcasm, ridicule, double entendre, derision, mockery, satire, scorn, sneering, scoffing, gibing, taunting, acerbity, causticity, hate, trenchancy, etc., as well as positive expressions such as love, amusement, friendliness, approval, sincerity, etc. are also of semantic-punctuation representational importance. Does the failure of traditional written and printed tests to reflect, for the most part, semantic values handicap printed representational discourse? In fact, can the handicapped discussion of profound ideas be adequately represented graphemically and philosophical inquiry limited without representation of the full range of human linguistic communication?Representation of irony in print has long escaped writers and scholars. In the 17th century, John Wilkins in An Essay towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language (1668) proposed, among other semantic punctuations, an inverted exclamation mark (¡) to indicate irony: “That is terrific work¡” for a job poorly done. “What a lovely hat you have¡” said with sarcastic irony to someone sporting a ridiculous hat. (Later, an inverted question mark was suggested for ironic statement, ¿, but confusion with Spanish inverted question marks makes it a less attractive alternative).Wilkins’ term “philosophical language” refers to language as printed representation, not speech. His argument is an early reference to what I have elsewhere argued is the failure of “bookish philosophy” that has come to typify academic philosophy, for example, the gibberish of Heidegger, Derrida, post-structuralists, post-modernists, post-humanists, numerous analytic and “linguistic” philosophers, and many others.One possible way out of these difficulties is a process of mediation, unmediation, and immediation.
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Tormakhova, A. M. "WEAPONS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF WAR IN THE CONTEXT OF CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANITY." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1(10) (2022): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2022.1(10).06.
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The historical and cultural development of mankind is a time not only of progress and peace. Throughout human history, there have been many wars in which weapons, protective equipment, and so on have been developed. Transformation of military equipment is taking place in the direction of increasing range, the strength of the enemy's defeat. The "evolution" of weapons is inextricably linked with the development of science and technology. The development of weapons is closely linked to the formation of military groups. This type of activity, which is carried out throughout life, contributes to the development of specific skills and abilities in the use of weapons, fighting, which is virtually inaccessible to ordinary citi- zens. Professionalization of military activity is aimed at forming the physical and psychological readiness to destroy the enemy, the ability to bear the losses of allies and more. Often, inventions discovered for peaceful purposes become the basis for the creation of means of destruction. The formation of various weapons involves the creation of opportunities to exceed the possibilities of protection against them. In this way, the dominant principle is to achieve the most remote nature of the fighting. This process is accompanied by the creation of weapons of mass destruction, the use of which is easier for the consciousness of the soldier than a form of contact. An integral part of active hostilities are the means of psychological influence on the enemy. Military action is not limited to the use of weapons, which are carried out for a specific strategic purpose, which is realized through combat tactics. All wars included the permanent practice of psychological influence on the enemy. It could be related to the appearance of the enemy, his behavior on the battlefield. At the same time, the introduction of forms of struggle related to the spread of misinformation, undermin- ing the belief in ideals, etc., was equally important. Such forms of struggle have become especially relevant at a time when access to information has become much easier. Due to the promotion of certain content in the priority media channels, the recipient has a significant impact.
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Naderi Rushanvand, Abolghasem, Kazem Fahtabar Firouzjaei, Mitra Ezzati, and Mostafa DinMohammadi. "Decision Support System for Financial Resource Allocation at the University: Requirements and Outcomes." Quarterly Journal of Research and Planning in Higher Education 29, no. 2 (2023): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.61838/irphe.29.2.2.
Full textAbstract:
The present research has been carried out in two parts with the aim of identifying the design requirements of the financial decision support system and the experimental implementation of an example of strategic financial decisions based on the design model of the financial decision support system in the university. The required information in the first part was collected through semi-structured interviews with scientific-executive experts in the fields of higher education economics, financial decision makers in the university and information technology specialists. They were selected by purposeful sampling and snowball method. The findings were analysed using content analysis and a three-step coding approach. The data in the second part included financial and statistical data and information from the budget and credit office and the university's planning vice-chancellor, which were used to analyse the cost in the system. Based on the analysis of experts' opinions, the design requirements of the financial decision support system in the university are: Content, human, managerial, educational, cultural, infrastructural, technical and operational, software, hardware, legal, economic, security, environmental and cross-sectoral requirements, and acceptance of changes. The results of the experimental implementation have also shown that the financial decision support system improves the efficiency, effectiveness and quality of financial decisions and optimizes the process by accurately estimating costs, reducing time and cost, removing mental limitations, effective use of limited resources, etc. Therefore, the use of ICT and its capabilities to remove biases and cognitive errors and mental limitations of decision makers, introducing the path to improve the intelligentization of financial resource allocation decisions in the university, helping to promote knowledge-based allocation of financial resources, etc. were among the most important results of the present research.
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Mishchanyn, V. V. "Methodology of the research of the Transcarpathia Sovietization in 1944–1950." Rusin, no. 64 (2021): 223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/64/11.
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The article analyzes the modern methodology of the Transcarpathia Sovietization research in 1944–1950. Though there are individual (N. Makara, V. Mishchanyn) and collective monogrpahs (N. Makara, R. Ofitsinsky), it is too early to speak about a serious methodological base to present the causal links of this process. A better understanding of Sovietization in Transcarpathia requires studying the historical and geographical space. A contemporary researcher should go beyond the narrowed framework of the regional approach in the study of the Sovietization in Transcarpathia and compare its post-war transformations with those in Western Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic Republics, Central and Eastern Europe (A. Applebaum) using the methodology of comparative analysis. The epistemological approach employed by P.R. Magocsi can be used to study the historical specificity of the region with its multi-ethnicity, multiculturalism, multiconfessionality (S. Makarchuk). The Ukrainian emigration was rather critical of the post-war policy of the Soviet regime. In particular, V. Markus defines the entry of Transcarpathia into Soviet Ukraine as annexation. The Encyclopedia of Ukraine published in the 1950s and 1980s in Canada analyzes many aspects of Sovietization in the Ukrainian SSR. A contemporary researcher should clearly understand such concepts as “totalitarianism” (H. Arendt), “Sovietization”, “socialist version of modernization” (S. Gavrov), “transit”, “transformation”, etc. The article also points out some errors of scholars studying the problems of Sovietization in the region. Thus, the problem of Sovietization of Transcarpathia is still under development. Its multifaceted nature requires interdisciplinary approaches using the tools of history, economics, law, statistics, political science, social science, ethnology, and cultural studies.
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Della Casa, Philippe. "Radiocarbon Dates and the Earliest Colonization of East Polynesia: More than a Case Study." Radiocarbon 51, no. 2 (2009): 681–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200056022.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last 30 yr, there has been an ongoing debate on the dates and modes of the earliest colonization of East Polynesia, namely the Cook Islands, the 5 archipelagos of French Polynesia, the Hawai'i Islands, Easter Island, and New Zealand. At least 3 alternative models were proposed by Sinoto, Anderson, Kirch, and Conte, but interestingly all these models basically relied on the same set of roughly 200 radiocarbon dates on various organic materials from archaeological excavations as far back as the 1950s. Some of the models differed by 500–1000 yr—for a proposed initial colonization around the turn of the BC/AD eras, if not considerably later. By comparing the different approaches to this chronological issue, it becomes evident that almost all known problems in dealing with 14C dates from archaeological excavations are involved: stratigraphy and exact location of samples, sample material and quality, inbuilt ages and reservoir effects, lab errors in ancient dates, etc. More recently, research into landscape and vegetation history has produced alternative 14C dating for early human impact, adding to the confusion about the initial stages of island colonization, while archaeological 14C dates, becoming increasingly “young” as compared to former investigations, now advocate a rapid and late (post-AD 900) colonization of the archipelagos. As it appears, the Polynesian case is more than just another case study, it's a lesson on 14C-based archaeological chronology. The present paper does not pretend to solve the problems of early Polynesian colonization, but intends to contribute to the debate on how 14C specialists and archaeologists might cooperate in the future.
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Kostin, Andrei A. "Acribia and Ameleia: The Context (or Lack Thereof) for Vasily Adodurov’s Grammar." Slovene 5, no. 1 (2016): 263–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2016.5.1.11.
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The article offers some corrections to Vassily Adodurov’s Anfangs-Gründe der Russischen Sprache (1731), as edited by S. S. Volkov and K. A. Filippov in 2014. There is one thing to note regarding the quality of this edition. On page 7, the editors list the typographical errors they corrected when working with the original text. The list they present has four items and contains a total of six errors , which are actually misreadings by the editors themselves as well as typos they appear to have introduced during the production of the book (including that they cite pages 49 and 51 of the 48-page original). The work, produced by a team of ten, consists of different sections: four prefatory essays; a facsimile reprint of the 1731 original; a rendition into modern typeset with a Russian translation; two indexes; and three supplements. These multiple parts are poorly coordinated and, overall, can be evaluated as ranging from being somewhat acceptable to being defective. The editors knowingly and without any explicit polemics ignore the original conception of the history of Petersburg Academy’s Russian grammar in the 1720s and 1730s that was offered by Helmut Keipert (2002) and has been accepted by most scholars. Whereas Keipert’s fundamental work presents multiple Russian grammars created in St. Petersburg in this period as the product of collective work, conducted mostly by and for German speakers, the editors of the volume under review tend to see the Anfangs-Gründe as an individual work, an “original grammar produced by V. E. Adodurov.” Any extensive comparison of the Anfangs-Gründe with other early Petersburg grammars would demonstrate the dependence of this short essay on the more profound work of its predecessors. The present edition has almost no commentary; of the five commentaries included in the volume, two are erratic, one is obvious, one shows that the editors are new to the typographical term custos, and only one—dealing with Lomonosov’s use of examples from the Anfangs-Gründe for his Russian Grammar (1755)—makes any sense. The German text in modern typeset is extremely poorly prepared: in the first 23 (of 46) pages there are 34 significant typos and omissions that take the place of the 5 typos corrected from the original. This only underscores the observation that the 18th-century German Gothic typeface is obscure for the editors. The two indexes are partly unusable; not only are both full of omissions (the index of Russian examples omits almost 10% of the forms in the original, including more than half of the words starting with the letter Z as well as most of the examples for superlative and even the verb form bytʹ), but furthermore, the ‘Index of Grammar Terms’ is not what it says it is. The correct title would be ‘Index of Latin Grammar Terms,’ for it does not include German terms, with the result that there are no listings for terms relating to phonetics, normative style, etc. The text of the 1738‒1740 grammar of the St. Petersburg Academy Gymnasium in the final supplement, although carefully retyped from B. A. Uspensky’s book (1975), omits all of its commentaries—both explanatory and textological—which leads to presenting without comment letter sequences such as rereniiakhʺ, imennno, navodishishʹ, etc. The article also discusses principles for the study and publication of the entire body of works that present the St. Petersburg grammatical tradition of the period from the 1730s to the 1750s. Appendices to this article include publication of Adodurov’s note on er and erʹ (1737) and the major corrections to the text of Russian grammar (1738–1740) from the St. Petersburg Academy Gymnasium as published by Uspensky in 1975.
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HARRIS, JAMES A. "EDITING HUME'S TREATISE." Modern Intellectual History 5, no. 3 (November 2008): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244308001832.
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In 1975 the Clarendon Press at Oxford published Peter Nidditch's edition of John Locke's An Essay concerning Human Understanding. In his Introduction Nidditch says that his edition “offers a text that is directly derived, without modernization, from the early published versions; it notes the provenance of all its adopted readings (some of which are new, correcting long-established errors); and it aims at recording all relevant differences between these versions”. As Nidditch goes on to acknowledge, the “relevant differences” were many, “requiring several thousand registrations both in the case of material variants (deletions, additions, or changes of wording) and in the case of formal variants (changes of punctuation, parentheses, italics, etc.)”. The textual history of Locke's Essay is extremely complicated. While there is no manuscript of the first edition of the book, there were four editions in Locke's lifetime, each new one containing extensive and significant revisions, as well as a posthumous edition published shortly after the author's death. There was a translation into French made with Locke's cooperation and published in 1700, and a Latin translation came out a year later. Nevertheless, Nidditch managed to record all the material variants in footnotes to the text, in a way that makes it fairly easy to track the changes that Locke made to successive editions of the book, and to locate points at which judgements had to be made as a critical text was established on the basis of the chosen copy text. Sometimes a critical edition succeeds in completely changing the way that a text is read. Peter Laslett's 1960 edition of Locke's Two Treatises of Government is a good example. Nidditch's edition of the Essay did not have that kind of very dramatic effect on Locke scholarship. Rather, it made it possible for those without direct access to all the early editions to engage in careful, historically sensitive studies of Locke's account of human understanding. The result was a slow revolution in Locke studies that continues to shed new light on even the most familiar aspects of the Lockean philosophy.
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Kohut, Yurii, and Iryna Yurchak. "Recommendation System for Purchasing Goods Based on the Decision Tree Algorithm." Advances in Cyber-Physical Systems 6, no. 2 (December 17, 2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/acps2021.02.121.
Full textAbstract:
Over the past few years, interest in applications related to recommendation systems has increased significantly. Many modern services create recommendation systems that, based on user profile information and his behavior. This services determine which objects or products may be interesting to users. Recommendation systems are a modern tool for understanding customer needs. The main methods of constructing recommendation systems are the content-based filtering method and the collaborative filtering method. This article presents the implementation of these methods based on decision trees. The content-based filtering method is based on the description of the object and the customer’s preference profile. An object description is a finite set of its descriptors, such as keywords, binary descriptors, etc., and a preference profile is a weighted vector of object descriptors in which scales reflect the importance of each descriptor to the client and its contribution to the final decision. This model selects items that are similar to the customer’s favorite items before. The second model, which implements the method of collaborative filtering, is based on information about the history of behavior of all customers on the resource: data on their purchases, assessments of product quality, reviews, marked product. The model finds clients that are similar in behavior and the recommendation is based on their assessments of this element. Voting was used to combine the results issued by individual models — the best result is chosen from the results of two models of the ensemble. This approach minimizes the impact of randomness and averages the errors of each model. The aim: The purpose of work is to create real competitive recommendation system for short period of time and minimum costs.
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Cristofalo, V. J., and R. J. Pignolo. "Replicative senescence of human fibroblast-like cells in culture." Physiological Reviews 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 617–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1993.73.3.617.
Full textAbstract:
The life history of fibroblast and fibroblast-like cells includes an initial stage of outgrowth and establishment in culture; a period of vigorous proliferation which has a variable length, depending on the tissue of origin, age of the donor, etc.; a period of declining proliferative vigor which includes substantial cell death; and finally, the emergence of an (apparently) long-lived population which is unable to proliferate in response to growth factors. During the phase of declining proliferative vigor, the cells acquire characteristics, some of which are similar to the characteristics of cells in older individuals. Eventually the culture completely loses proliferative capacity. A comparable life history has been described for glial cells, keratinocytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and lymphocytes which suggests that this life history is characteristic of those cell types that, in vivo, retain the capacity for proliferation throughout the life span. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between the age of the tissue donor and the replicative life span of the cells in culture. In addition, for a small sample of species, there is a direct correlation between fibroblast replicative life span in vitro and maximum life span potential of the species. The period in the life history that is usually referred to as the "senescent phase" is probably more complicated than was originally thought, since studies with life span modulators suggest that there is a "conditionally" senescent state from which cells can be rescued for one or more additional rounds of DNA synthesis. Finally, the cells enter an "obligatory" arrested state in which only SV40 infection can reverse the block to DNA synthesis but not the block to mitosis. The modern era of aging research in tissue culture is just over 30 years old. The inception of the field really began with the recognition by Hayflick and Moorhead (109) that the phenomenon of senescence in vitro paralleled, in some of its characteristics, cell aging in vivo and thus provided a model that could be used to study the cellular mechanisms underlying senescence in controlled environmental conditions. The research in this area began with a detailed characterization and comparison of young versus senescent cell morphology and physiology. These studies provided the basis for a wide variety of subsequent studies that addressed possible mechanisms underlying cell senescence. These included studies on DNA repair, protein synthetic errors, chromatin structure and function, and mechanisms for modulating replicative life span.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Raj, Adarsh. "Neonatal Screening Application." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.39619.
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Abstract: Neonatal screening is a set of medical diagnostics that are performed on infants. Our project deals with the problem of a centralized management system for hospitals making it easier for doctors as well as patients to view reports and compare current reports with the previous reports. Our app would also help in reducing errors that are generally caused when this process of comparing and contrasting the report is done manually by doctors. The main objective of this project is to develop a Client Server based environment, for transferring the medical report details from the bio medical lab. Also to improve data analysis technique, using previous data comparison methods. This system works on accurate recording of all user report transactions lead to better data management and increases in various comparisons. This project consists of two types of interactions like admin and patient. Admin will be providing with a well secured login and patient details will be registered using admin. A user name and password will be provided to the user. The initially process is to enter the medical test requirement of the patient. The details contain prescribed doctor details, patient details and lab test details. Each disease will contain different CTA (Complete test analysis) for their test result. For example a general blood sugar test contains HBL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, Glucose level and etc. These all said to be CTA test. Once patient has been register successfully their blood will be collected and a temporary reference number will be provided. This temporary number is for admin and employee reference. Once their blood test has been done, the test result will be uploaded by the admin by selected the corresponding user name. The uploading details will be stored in a centralized server for data utility purpose. Patient can login with their user and password. Through selecting the date, the patient can view their current test result from their home itself. A test history option will be provided to the patient. So that patient can compare their test with their previous test results. This option makes the patient to manage and know about their health condition and their treatment. An interactive grid and chart will be generated for furnishing the result to the patient. Admin can maintain their patient detail, patient count, test results and etc. This makes more comfortable communication between admin and patients. Also entire treatment record will be computerized for future references.
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Thomas, Olubusola O., Rajagopal S. Raghavan, and Thomas N. Dixon. "Effect of Scaleup and Aggregation on the Use of Well Tests To Identify Geological Properties." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 8, no. 03 (June 1, 2005): 248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/77452-pa.
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Summary This paper discusses specific issues encountered when pressure tests are analyzed in reservoirs with complex geological properties. These issues relate to questions concerning the methodology of scaleup, the degree of aggregation, and the reliability of conventional methods of analysis. The paper shows that if we desire to use pressure-transient analysis to determine more complex geological features such as connectivity and widths of channels, we need a model that incorporates reservoir heterogeneity. This complexity can lead to significantly more computational effort in the analysis of the pressure transient. The paper demonstrates that scaleup criteria, based on steady-state procedures, are inadequate to capture transient pressure responses. Furthermore, the number of layers needed to match the transient response may be significantly greater than the number of layers needed for a reservoir-simulation study. The use of models without a sufficient number of layers may lead to interpretations that are in significant error. The paper compares various vertical aggregation methods to coarsen the fine-grid model. The pressure-derivative curve is used as a measure of evaluating the adequacy of the scaleup procedure. Neither the use of permeability at a wellbore nor the average layer permeability as criteria for the aggregation was adequate to reduce the number of layers significantly. Introduction The objectives of this paper are to demonstrate the impact of the detailed and small-scale heterogeneities of a formation on the flow characteristics that are obtained from a pressure test and how those heterogeneities affect the analysis of the pressure test. The literature recognizes that special scaleup procedures are required in the vicinity of wells located in heterogeneous fields. Our work demonstrates that these procedures apply only to rather small changes in pressure over time and are usually inadequate to meet objectives for history-matching well tests. Using a fine-scale geological model derived by geological and geophysical techniques, this work systematically examines the interpretations obtained by various aggregation and scaleup techniques. We will demonstrate that unless care is taken, the consequences of too much aggregation may lead to significant errors on decisions concerning the value of a reservoir. Current scaleup techniques presume that spatial (location of boundaries, location of faults, etc.) variables are maintained. In analyzing a well test, however, one of our principal objectives is to determine the relationship between the well response and geometrical variables. We show that a limited amount of aggregation will preserve the spatial and petrophysical relationships we wish to determine. At this time, there appears to be no method available to determine the degree of scaleup a priori. Because the objective of well testing is to estimate reservoir properties, the scaleup process needs to be made a part of the history-matching procedure. By assuming a truth case, we show that too much vertical aggregation may lead to significant errors. Comparisons with traditional analyses based on analytical techniques are made. Whenever an analytical model is used in the analysis, unless otherwise stated, we use a single-layer-reservoir solution.