Journal articles on the topic 'History.650 – Poland'

Conference „Armenians in Poland. Seven Centuries of History”Senator Jan Żaryn, the Culture and Media Committee of the Senate, the Polish Academy of Art and Sciences in Kraków, with the help of the Armenian Culture Association and the Foundation of Culture and Heritage of Polish Armenians, organised an international conference „Armenians in Poland. Seven Centuries of History” on 19th September 2017. The conference was to celebrate the 650 anniversary of issuing the privilege for Grigor, an Armenian bishop of Lwów, by King Casimir the Great on 20 January 1367. The bishop was consecrated and sent to the Kingdom of Poland by M esrob Artazetsi, the catholicos of Sis in Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.

On 12 September 2019, the premises of the Faculty of Law and Administration of the University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland) witnessed one of such events, which will arguably go down in history of private international law in Poland. On that day, the University hosted an international conference on the Regulation (EU) No 650/2012 of 4 July 2012 on jurisdiction, applicable law, recognition and enforcement of decisions and acceptance and enforcement of authentic instruments in matters of succession and on the creation of a European Certificate of Succession (“the Succession Regulation”), and on the various issues relating to the succession matters within the European area of freedom, security and justice.

The author begins her article with a presentation of selected tenets of the concept of cultural memory proposed by Jan and Aleida Assmann, and with reviewing analytical categories used within the framework of this theory, including the following terms: cultural memory, memory figures, memory media, a palimpsest. These concepts form a theoretical and methodological basis for the upcoming analyses. The analyses contained in the article focus around the issues of change and continuity in the cultural memory of the inhabitants of Olsztyn, as exemplified by the transformations of Olsztyn’s cityscape. The author considers two specific moments in the city’s history: 2003, which marked the 650-anniversary of the city’s settlement, and 1953, which marked the 600-anniversary of the same event. Both these anniversaries were naturally celebrated in totally diverse political and ideological contexts. The article focuses not only on the transformations of cityscape, connected to the building of new monuments, plaques, and symbols, and to the renovation of selected buildings, but also on different ways of interpreting cityscape and architectural elements of which it consists in different periods. The conclusions from the analysis form a basis for pointing out several recommendations and limitations for using the Assmanns’ concepts for researching local collective memory in Poland.

This study explores the history of the development of Sphagnum communities in an ombrotrophic peatland – Bagno Kusowo – over the past 650 years, based on high-resolution plant macrofossil and testate amoebae analysis. Our research provided information related to the length of peatland existence and the characteristics of its natural/pristine state before the most recent human impacts. Changes in the Sphagnum communities before human impact could have resulted from climate cooling during the ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA). In this cold and unstable hydrological period, among vascular plants, Eriophorum vaginatum and Baeothryon caespitosum dominated in the peatland vegetation. Peat-forming Sphagnum communities survived the drainage conducted during the 20th century at the Bagno Kusowo bog. We provide three important messages through this study: (1) testate amoebae reflect similar hydrological trends in two peat cores despite considerable microhabitat variability, (2) average long-term water level 10 cm below the surface should be a target for active bog conservation and (3) sites like Bagno Kusowo are extremely important to preserve the remains of pristine biodiversity (including genetic diversity of plants and protists) that was completely removed from most of the raised bogs in Europe due to human activities, for example, drainage.

The article presents the history of photomontage, starting from the 1850s. The author presents (sometimes very divergent) concepts concerning its provenance. Then she focuses on the notion itself, attempts to find its oldest definition, breaks down the term into its component parts and searches for the reasons for the great popularity of the photomontage in Poland in the interwar period. She repeatedly draws attention to inaccuracies in research on this technique, at the same time subjecting this fact to interpretation.

The paper analyzes the role of official websites in creating the image of the head of state in Poland, Russia and the United Kingdom. The official website is a convenient tool allowing not only the appropriate presentation of the leader, but also the immediate publication of new content. The wide variety of semiotic resources used on the webpages attracts and maintains the attention of the recipient. The author describes the history of the official websites, identifies the genres characteristic of individual political cultures and observes similarities and differences related to the image of the current head of state.

<p>Historia jest silnie powiązana z krajem i jego obywatelami. Identyfikuje naród i kraj, pomaga zachować tożsamość, przypominając ludziom o ich dziedzictwie. Dlatego jest doskonałym sposobem budowania marki kraju, budząc skojarzenia z jego lokalizacją i społeczeństwem. Polska nieustannie poszukuje nowych rynków dla swoich produktów, nawet w krajach, w których jest ledwo obecna. Jednym z krajów, na którego rynek stara się wejść Polska, jest Japonia, kraj, którego obywatele niewiele wiedzą o Polsce. Aby ułatwić relacje między tymi dwoma krajami, polski rząd postanowił rozpocząć kampanię informacyjną o przeszłości i teraźniejszości Polski, jej możliwościach, znaczeniu na arenie międzynarodowej i jej mieszkańcach. Biorąc pod uwagę charakter japońskiej kultury, komiks został wybrany jako najbardziej odpowiednie medium.</p>

Czech names and Czech in Poland in the 20th centuryThe article was based on more than 600 Czech surnames from Słownik nazwisk współcześnie w Polsce używanych used by Kazimierz Rymut. The article shows the state of research of Czech anthroponymy in Poland, which was treated by researchers quite marginally. An outline of the history of contacts and Czech settlements in Poland was also presented, which had an important impact on the extension of the Polish anthroponymic system with the Czech genetic names. The four most important areas on which the Czech settlement was developed were: Galicia Galicja, “Czech Corner” Czeski Zakątek, Settlement areas areas of settlements of the Czech brothers and Silesia Śląsk. The article compares the data of names in Poland in the twentieth century with the map of the Czech population, which mostly overlapped. Česká příjmení a Češi v Polsku ve 20. stoletíTento článek byl založen na více než 600 českých příjmeních excerpovaných ze Słowniku nazwisk współcześnie używanych ed. Kazimierze Rymuta. Článek představuje současný stav výzkumu českých příjmení v polském antroponomastickém systému, který doposud byl považován vědci spíše okrajově. Zaroveň představuje také stručnou historii česko-polských vztahu a českého usázení v Polsku, které měly významný vliv na expanzi geneticky českých příjmení do polského antroponomastického systému. Autorka vyčlenila 4 nejdůležitější oblasti, ve kterých vznikaly největší české společnosti, a to: Galicie, Český koutek, místa, na kterých se usazeli čeští exulanti členové Jednoty bratrské a Slezsko. Ve svém článku autorka srovnává údaje tykající se českých příjmení v Polsku ve 20. století s mapou Čechů bydlících v Polsku, a ty se ve vetší míře shoduji.

The remains of 12 canid species that date back ca. 4.9 myr have been found at 116 paleontological localities. Among these localities, eight are dated to the Pliocene age, 12 are dated to the Early Pleistocene age, 12 are from the Middle Pleistocene age, while the most numerous group includes 84 sites from the Late Pleistocene–Holocene age. Some, especially older forms such as Eucyon odessanus and Nyctereutes donnezani, have only been found at single sites, while the remains of species from the genus Lycaon, Canis and Vulpes have been recorded at numerous sites from the last 2 myr. Ancient canids such as Eucyon and Nyctereutes had already vanished from Poland in the Earliest Pleistocene, between 2.5 and 2.2 myr ago. Poland’s extant canid fauna is characterised by the presence of two new species, which spread into the territory due to a human introduction (Nyctereutes procyonoides) or natural expansion (Canis aureus). Research indicates a strong competition between dogs, especially between Lycaon, Canis and Cuon, with a strong lycaon-limiting effect on the wolf between 2.5 and 0.4 myr ago. After the extinction of Lycaon lycaonoides, Canis lupus evolved rapidly, increasing in number and size, and taking over the niche occupied by Lycaon. In order to reduce competition, the body size of Cuon alpinus gradually reduced, and it became an animal adapted to the forest, highland and mountain environments. Generally, the history of canids in Poland is similar to that known of Eurasia with some noteworthy events, such as the early occurrence of Canis cf. etruscus from Węże 2 (2.9–2.6 myr ago), Lycaon falconeri from Rębielice Królewskie 1A or one of the latest occurrences of L. lycaonoides from Draby 3 (430–370 kyr). Predominantly lowland or upland in the southern part and devoid of significant ecological barriers, Poland is also an important migration corridor in the East–West system. This 500–600 km wide corridor was the Asian gateway to Europe, from where species of an eastern origin penetrated the continent’s interior. In colder periods, it was in turn a region through which boreal species or those associated with the mammoth steppe retreated.

Relevance of research. The nearest Ukraine in terms of geographical location, culture, centuries-old historical ties and Slavic mentality is Poland. For the history of pedagogy in particular, the system of music education of schoolchildren is interesting to explore and analyze the difficult time of reconstruction of school education in Poland after the Second Word War, which killed 17% of the population. The purpose of the study is to analyze form and content of music education of Polish schoolchildren in the postwar (40-60 years of the 20th century). Research methods. Analysis and synthesis of Polish scientific and pedagogical literature on music education of schoolchildren, regulations, school curricula and program, materials of scientific and practical conferences empirical and independent data. Research results. After the end of the Second World War and the liberation of Poland from German occupation, the reconstruction of the virtually completely destroyed school system and the creation of new education system based on different ideological, political and economic principles before the pre-war period began. The restructuring of the school education system involved, firs of all, the definition of the new educational goal, which was set before the school. It was based on the idea of harmonious development of personality. A significant role in this process was given to the musical education of schoolchildren. The subject of “Singing” was introduced into the curricula of primary schools (grades 1-7), which had two hours in grades 1-5 and one hour in grades 6-7, as well as two hours for school choir classes pre week. A significant role in the development of the system of music education of foreign teachers-musicologists: E.Jagues-Dalcroze, Z. Kodály, James L. Mursell, C. Orff and others. They adapted to the conditions and Polish educational traditions. In the 1962, the name of the subject “Singing” was changed to “Music Education”, which was in line with pedagogical functions. Conclusions. In the postwar (40-60's) the modernization of the system of music education of schoolchildren was carried out. The organization content and forms of music education in secondary schools were based on the concepts of well-known in Europe scientists, teachers, musicologists, composers [É.Jagues. Dalkroze, Z. Kodály, J. Mursell, C. Orff], who adapted in accordance with the conditions and national Polish educational traditions. The musical education of the younger generation was greatly influenced by ideological and sociopolitical factors that determined the functioning of the socialist society of the Polish People's Republic.

Abstract This study documents atmospheric conditions, development, and evolution of a severe weather outbreak that occurred on 11 August 2017 in Poland. The emphasis is on analyzing system morphology and highlighting the importance of a mesovortex in producing the most significant wind damages. A derecho-producing mesoscale convective system (MCS) had a remarkable intensity and was one of the most impactful convective storms in the history of Poland. It destroyed and partially damaged 79 700 ha of forest (9.8 million m3 of wood), 6 people lost their lives, and 58 were injured. The MCS developed in an environment of high 0–3-km wind shear (20–25 m s−1), strong 0–3-km storm relative helicity (200–600 m2 s−2), moderate most-unstable convective available potential energy (1000–2500 J kg−1), and high precipitable water (40–46 mm). Within the support of a midtropospheric jet, the MCS moved northeast with a simultaneous northeastward inflow of warm and very moist air, which contributed to strong downdrafts. A mesocyclone embedded in the convective line induced the rear inflow jet (RIJ) to descend and develop a bow echo. In the mature stage, a supercell evolved into a bookend vortex and later into a mesoscale convective vortex. Swaths of the most significant wind damage followed the aforementioned vortex features. A high-resolution simulation performed with initial conditions derived from GFS and ECMWF global models predicted the possibility of a linear MCS with widespread damaging wind gusts and embedded supercells. Simulations highlighted the importance of cloud cover in the preconvective environment, which influenced the placement and propagation of the resulting MCS.

UDK: 639.11:630*45(Kanton Sarajevo) 639.11:630*45(Srednjobosanski kanton) Human – wildlife conflicts have a long history. Due to continuous growth of the human population, demands for an increase of arable land, raw materials production and living space, man and game were and are direct competitors for space and resources worldwide. Conflicts between humans and game can occur for many reasons, but one of the main causes are certainly damage by game occurs at crops, orchards, livestock, beehives and other forms of human assets. According to previous researches in Europe, most damage is caused by wild ungulates, esspecially wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) and red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) (GORYNSKA, 1981; CSANYİ and LEHOCZKİ 2010; COZZİ et al 2015). Damages can reach significant values, in France more than 8 million € in 2004/2005 (MAİLLARD et al 2010); 12 million € in 2010 in Poland (FRACKOWİAK et al 2013), and 8-10 million € per year in Hungary in the last decade (CSANYİ et al 2014). In Croatia, during four years, average annual payment amount was 559,977.49 € (NOVOSEL et al 2012). In this paper, we determined causes, collected and analyzed data on the reported claims of game damages from two cantons in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the period of five years. All damages are sorted by category, cause and by year. We also discussed the legal obligations in terms of damage prevention, notification, claim and assessment of damage, as well as the economic effects of damage in Canton Sarajevo and Central Bosnia Canton.

AbstractSeveral bodies of moderately foliated and porphyroblastic metabasites crop out on the SE side of the metamorphic cover of the Karkonosze granite within metapelites of the Sowia Dolina area (West Sudetes, Saxothuringian zone). Depending on the microstructural setting of the Ca-amphiboles in the rocks, different mineral-chemical trends have been determined for Si,XMg, AlVI,A[Na+K] which serve as semi-quantitative indicators of temperature and pressure changes. Porphyroblasts and prisms oblique to the main foliation in schistose metabasites show zoning from Mg-hornblende and actinolite to tschermakite, and then to Mg-hornblende (or actinolite). Matrix amphiboles and those in pressure shadows around some porphyroblasts have tschermakitic cores and actinolitic rims. Rarely, Ca-amphibole is accompanied in schists by late- to post-tectonic cummingtonite. Thermobarometric calculations involving empirically calibrated amphibole equilibria enable a reconstruction ofP-Tpaths for individual rocks and the unravelling of the metamorphic evolution of the metabasites. Peak metamorphic temperatures of 615–640°C and pressures of 7.3–8.2 kbar were preceded by a variably preserved earlier stage (T = 370–550°C, P = 2.8–6.2 kbar). The final metamorphic episode took place at 450–550°C and 2.5–4.8 kbar and is recorded particularly in rocks close to the Karkonosze pluton. The metabasites shed new light on the history of metamorphism in the Sowia Dolina area. The first two stages ofMP-MTmetamorphism, coeval with Variscan deformation events (continental collision, burial and subsequent exhumation), took place under epidote-amphibolite then amphibolite facies conditions. The last stage partly concurred with the final stages of Variscan deformation and overlapped the onset of thermal activity associated with the Karkonosze granite. This metamorphic event is documented by metabasites (occasionally cummingtonite-bearing) outcropping close to the granite. Finally, a prehnitebearing assemblage reflects retrograde re-equilibration under greenschist/sub-greenschist facies conditions (T<300–350°C,P<2.5–3 kbar), which might also be partly due to hydrothermal activity around the pluton.

In 1955–1987, the Directorate of Museums andMonument Preservation (until 1959: Central Directorateof Museums and Monument Preservation), a structuralunit of the Ministry of Culture and Art, published BiuletynInformacyjny, a bulletin dedicated to documenting theactivity of museums in Poland. In 1955-1959, it was called<i>Biuletyn Informacyjny Centralnego Zarządu Muzeówi Ochrony Zabytków</i>, while in 1959–1987, it was publishedunder the name Biuletyn Informacyjny Zarządu Muzeówi Ochrony Zabytków. It was published as a bimonthly ora quarterly with a limited circulation (400–600 copies),and was delivered to museums. The following served as itssubsequent Editors-in-Chief: Mieczysław Ptaśnik (until 1972),Stanisław Brzostowski (until 1976), and Franciszek Midura(until 1987). The core content of the publication coveredshort factual information reporting on definite achievementsof particular museums or Minister’s initiatives, as well aslonger papers authored in their majority by the EditorialStaff and museum curators who submitted their materials.Informative texts were included in the sections whosenames altered. The most important of them were as follows:I. ‘Research and Academic Discoveries’, II. ‘Publications’,III. ‘Exhibitions’, IV. ‘New Acquisitions’, V. ‘EducationalActions’, VI. ‘Conservation Works’, VII. ’Foreign Cooperation’,VIII. ‘Foreign Museums’, IX. ‘Conferences’, X. ‘Communiqués’,XI. ‘Papers’. Despite bearing features of a journal publishedunder the ideological and political control of the Communistregime, the Biuletyn Informacyjny Zarządu Muzeów i OchronyZabytków bulletin essentially constitutes a reliable source forthe history of Polish museology in 1955-1987.

The review covers The II International Civil Congress on Comparative Studies (Mozolinskie Readings) "The Role of Man in Civil Law", dedicated to the 90th anniversary of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA) held online on December 4-5, 2020. The Congress was organized by the Department of Civil Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), the Scientific and Educational Center of Private Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL), the Statute Publishing house, the Russian Arbitration Center at the Russian Institute of Modern Arbitration, the Institute of International Relations and Socio-Political Sciences of Maurice Thorez Moscow State Linguistic University (The Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages). The Congress was organized with the participation of the Department of Civil and Administrative Proceedings and the Department of History of State and Law of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSLA).The Congress was attended by Russian and foreign scientists from Austria, Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, Italy, China, Latvia, Poland and the United States, as well as a representative of the world intellectual property organization. The total number of participants of the Congress was more than 600 people.On the first day of the Congress, a plenary session and a panel discussion "The Role of an and the Role of IT in Judicial Protection" were held. On the second day, master classes for young scientists, a platform for presentations by young post-graduate scientists and creative workshops for students were organized with moderation by leading scientists on the topic of the creative workshop. The sponsor of the creative workshops was the "ConsultantPlus" company.

Large-scale two-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling at high resolution is still rarely performed because of its high computational cost and the lack of topographical data for some areas. Despite this, such modeling has been performed for the Odra River, the second largest river in Poland. This river has a high potential for flooding, which has been severely experienced many times in history, most recently in 1997 and 2010, when floods caused large losses. Since then, many different types of activities have been executed in order to reduce the risk of flooding. The paper presents a 2D modeling concept created during these activities. Given that the river valley is up to several kilometers wide, and consists of many complex topographical features and hydrotechnical facilities, a cascade of 25 2D models in MIKE21 software was developed. It covers a 600 km long section of the Odra River and an area of 5700 km2 in total. A regular grid resolution of 4–6 m was used in the modeling. The models were applied for numerous purposes, first for the elaboration of flood hazard and flood risk maps for larger cities, and then for the verification of historic flood data and stage–discharge relations at gauge stations, as well as the verification of design discharges via flood routing. Other important uses were the evaluation of the effectiveness of flood mitigating works, including the feasibility study for the Racibórz reservoir, and the assessment of flood hazard due to embankment failure or ice jamming. Selected applications, as well as practical aspects of the model’s preparation and use, are presented.

At the turn of 2017 and 2018, with the date 2017 printed in the colophon, two catalogues of engravings’ collections were published: old Italian prints from the collection of the National Museum in Wrocław, and French prints from the National Museum in Szczecin. The collection of Wrocław contains groups of artworks by the best Italian engravers from the Renaissance to the 18th century, and a small representation of the 19th century. An introduction to the catalogue gives the history, the scope and the contents of the collection as well as the brief history of the engraving art on the Apennine Peninsula. The catalogue itself is glossed, giving references to the latest research, preceded by biographical notes of encyclopaedic character. This well illustrated and thoroughly edited catalogue, organised in a user-friendly alphabetical order, is a compendium useful not only for art historians. The catalogue published by the National Museum in Szczecin has the same title as the exhibition of French engravings from its collection. It is a combination of both the exhibition and the collection catalogue. Hence its specific layout corresponding rather with the narration of an exhibition than a catalogue’s criteria. Both the encyclopaedic profiles of artists and the following glosses are accompanied by selected bibliography; its full version together with extensive academic references can be found at the end of the volume. The collection of over 600 prints has been divided not in alphabetical or chronological order but in accordance with an academic hierarchy of subjects. Engravings for art reproduction purposes prevail in Szczecin collection although original works of famous artists are also included. The publication of both catalogues allows us to learn more about the engravings in Polish public collections, i.e. the ones of national museum in Szczecin and Wrocław. It also gives the history of Polish collections after 1945, affected by the previous losses of the World War II. Undoubtedly, the sign of the times and the presence of Poland in the united Europe is the publication of the Italian engravings’ collection from Wrocław, which was kept before in the Academy of Arts in Berlin. Great care has been taken to prepare both catalogues in terms of their typography, although the illustrations in the French engravings’ catalogue would be of more benefit if were somewhat larger.

In the article on the basis of German and Danish chronicles to the XII – early XIII centuries, the key problems of the historical development of the Obodrites at the final stage of their political independence (30-60s of the XII century) are analyzed. The research is based on the principles of historicism, scientificity and authorial objectivity, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison) and special-historical (historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods. It is noted that the main milestones of the final stage of the political history of the Obodrit state were: the construction of the Siegeberg fortress (about 1134), the annexation of the tribal territories of the Wagri and Polabs in 1138–1143, the crusade against the Polab-Baltic Slavs in 1147, the final liquidation of independence actually encouraged in 1160. The author concludes that the end of independence Obordit state peace agreement ended in 1166, concluded between the Saxon Duke Henry the Lion and obodrit Prince Prybyslav under which the latter returned Obodrit principality, except fortress Zwiryn of the beast, which was to leave but Huntselinu. Since then, Prybyslav has been a vassal of the Saxon duke. By accepting Christianity, he was forced to promote the Christianization and German colonization of Obodritia, which is gradually losing its Slavic character. There is a process of full integration of these lands into the economy, politics and ideology of medieval Germany.

AbstractThe fortified system Árpád, which bears the name of the former Hungarian dynasty set up during World War II, mainly by the Hungarian horthist, stretched for more than 600 kilometers, one third being on the territory of Romania, and the rest on the territory of Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland. In developing this article, I applied the case study as a research method, which allowed me to inventory and evaluate these Horthy fortifications, but also to collect certain data related to their impact on the life of the local community and tourists visiting the area. Throughout the investigations and the documents studied, I found that the Hungarians built in the Rodna Mountains, right in the heart of the mountains, dozens of casemates for defense and attack and, although they had to be destroyed by those who ordered their arrangement, the hasty withdrawal of the Horthyists left some of the bunkers almost intact. The case study shows that the bunkers here were smaller and slightly stiffer. The Hungarians were inspired by the French and Belgian fortifications occupied by the Germans, and the concept was rethought and adapted to the natural conditions in the Carpathians. Following the study, I found that the horthyst defensive system in Transylvania was planned to have 5 types of casemates, depending on their role: surveillance or firing nests or depending on what they housed: ammunition, soldiers or officers. The entire northern group of the Eastern Carpathians bear the traces of armed conflict. Such arrangements can be found in the territories of Rodna, Ilva Mică, Ilva Mare and Mureşenii Bârgăului, areas with a rich natural tourism potential, which, exploited to its true value, could attract many curious and eager tourists to know the history of the places.

Background: Morbidity and mortality following Fontan (FO) surgery are primarily thromboembolic in nature. However, follow-up data regarding thromboembolic complications (TECs) in adult patients after FO procedure are inconsistent. In this multicenter study, we investigated the incidence of TECs in FO patients. Methods: We studied 91 patients who underwent FO procedure. Clinical data, laboratory, and imaging investigations were collected prospectively during the scheduled medical appointments in 3 Adult Congenital Heart Disease Departments in Poland. TECs were recorded during a median follow-up of 31 months. Results: Four patients (4.4%) were lost to follow-up. The mean age of patients was 25.3 (±6.0) years at enrollment, and the mean time between FO operation and investigation was 22.1 (±5.1) years. A total of 21 out of 91 patients (23.1%) had a history of 24 TECs since an FO procedure, mainly pulmonary embolism (PE; n = 12, 13.2%), including 4 (33.3%) silent PE. The mean time since FO operation to the first TEC was 17.8 (±5.1) years. During follow-up, we documented 9 TECs in 7 (8.0%) patients, mainly PE (n = 5, 5.5%). Most patients with TEC had a left type of systemic ventricle (57.1%). Three patients (42.9%) were treated with aspirin, 3 (3.4%) with Vitamin K antagonists or novel oral anticoagulants, and 1 patient had no antithrombotic treatment at the time of TEC occurrence. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias were present in 3 patients (42.9%). Conclusions: This prospective study shows that TECs are common in FO patients, and a significant number of these events occur during adolescence and young adulthood. We also indicated how much TECs are underestimated in the growing adult FO population. The complexity of the problem requires more studies, especially to standardize the prevention of TECs in the whole FO population.

ABSTRACT In 1845, Roderick Murchison, Edouard de Verneuil and Alexander von Keyserling published The Geology of Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains, reporting on the results of two field seasons in Russia (1840 and 1841) as well as additional fieldwork in Poland (1843) and Scandinavia (1844 and 1845). The book contains 7 plates comprising 5 cross-sections and 2 geologic maps. Plate 6 is a geologic map titled “Russia in Europe and the Ural Mountains . . .” and it is the subject of this paper. Murchison had 600 copies of the large format (quarto) book printed by John Murray in the laborious hand-press manner. He also had the 68 × 84 cm map produced as a copper engraving with water color washes. Plate 6 has been described as “the finest hand coloured map ever produced”. The map was drawn and engraved by John Arrowsmith from a sketch map begun in 1840, expanded after the 1841 field season, and further modified by incorporating work of other geologists, including Keilhau, Hisinger, Zejszner, Boué, Dubois de Montpereux, Hamilton, Ainsworth, and Helmersen. All of these geologists were meticulously acknowledged by Murchison in The Geology of Russia. In addition to the map, Plate 6 contains a stratigraphic column with key locations and characteristic fossils, and a crosssection extending from St. Petersburg to the Sea of Azof. Thus, Plate 6 represents a synthesis of much of what was known in 1845 of the geology of Russia and surrounding territories, clearly demonstrating Murchison’s ‘genius of combination’. Murchison revised the map several times, resulting in 4 ‘states’ of the map.

Ключові слова: «Варшавська угода», «Союз Пілсудський–Петлюра», УНР, Симон Петлюра,Юзеф Пілсудський, «Київський похід». У статті проаналізовано передумови, процес і результати Варшавської угоди 1920 р. між Польщею іУНР, яка в польській історіографії названа «Союзом Пілсудський–Петлюра». Розкрито також зміствійськової конвенції, була підписана 24 квітня 1920 року і стала додатком до самого договору і являла собоютаємну угоду про надання військової та економічної допомоги УНР у спільній війні з Радянською Росією.Продовженням згаданих угод став фінансовий польсько-український договір від 9 серпня 1920 р. Польськавлада виконувала союзницькі обов’язки перед Україною й на міжнародній арені.Правове, політичне, фінансове і дипломатичне забезпечення Варшавського договору, названого пізніше«Союзом Пілсудський–Петлюра», відбувалося майже одночасно зі спільним антибільшовицьким походом наКиїв, який розпочався 25 квітня 1920 р.Отже, відносини між Польщею і УНР у 20-х роках ХХ ст. еволюціонували від взаємного протистояннядо співпраці. Серед найважливіших актів цього періоду слід назвати Варшавську угоду, військову конвенцію іспільний польсько-український похід на Київ. Так, були закладені традиції польсько-української співпраці, якізнайшли своє продовження в майбутньому. Посилання Vynnychenko, 1990 – Vynnychenko V. Vidrodzhennia natsii [Rebirth of the nation]. (Istoriia ukrainskoi revoliutsii[marets 1917 r. – hruden 1919 r.]). Chastyna III. Repryntne vidtvorennia vydannia 1920 roku. K., 1990. 542 s. [inUkrainian].Hud, 2006 – Hud B. Zahybel Arkadii. Etnosotsialni aspekty ukrainsko-polskykh konfliktiv KhIKh – pershoi polovynyKhKh stolit [The death of Arcadia. Ethno-social aspects of the Ukrainian-Polish conflicts of the 19th and the first halfof the 20th centuries]. Lviv, 2006. 448 s. [in Ukrainian].Hud, Holubko, 1997 – Hud B., Holubko V. Nelehka doroha do porozuminnia. Do pytannia genezy ukrainsko-polskohoviiskovo-politychnoho spivrobitnytstva 1917–1921 rr. [The road to understanding is not easy. On the question of thegenesis of Ukrainian-Polish military-political cooperation in 1917–1921]. Lviv, 1997. 65 s. [in Ukrainian].Dotsenko, 2001 – Dotsenko O. Zymovyi pokhid (6.XII.1919 – 6.V.1920) [Winter campaign (6.XII.1919 – 6.V.1920)].K., 2001. 375 s. [in Ukrainian].Kedryn, 1979 – Kedryn I. Sobornist. Z nahody 60-richchia Aktu 22 sichnia 1919 roku [Congregationalism. On theoccasion of the 60th anniversary of the Act of January 22, 1919] // Almanakh UNS [Ukrainskoho Narodnoho Soiuzu]. Ustorichchia narodzhennia Symona Petliury. 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Sud istorii: Symon Petliura i Petliuriana [Court of history: Simon Petlyura and Petlyuriana].K., 2001. 640 s. [in Ukrainian].Mazepa, 2003 – Mazepa I. Ukraina v ohni i buri revoliutsii 1917–1921 [Ukraine in the fire and storm of the revolution1917–1921]. K., 2003. 608 s. [in Ukrainian].Mandzenko, 1979 – Mandzenko K. Petliura, petliurivtsi, petliurivstvo. Do storichchia vid dnia narodzhennia Holovnohootamana Symona Petliury 1879–1979 [Petlyura, Petlyura people, Petlyuraism. To the centenary of the birth of ChiefAtaman Simon Petliura 1879–1979] // Almanakh UNS. U storichchia narodzhennia Symona Petliury. Dzherzi Syti–NiuYork , 1979. № 69. S. 9–21. [in Ukrainian].Rukkas, 2015 – Rukkas A. O. «Razom z polskym viiskom»: Armiia Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky 1920 r.(struktura, orhanizatsiia, chyselnist, uniforma) [Together with the «Polish army»: the Army of the Ukrainian People'sRepublic in 1920 (structure, organization, numbers, uniform)]. K., 2015. 480 s. [in Ukrainian].Sekretnoe sohlashenye… – Sekretnoe sohlashenye mezhdu pravytelstvom Polshy y petliurovskoi dyrektoryei ukraynskoi nezavysymoi respublyky o pryznanyy UNR y sotrudnychestve, zakliuchennoe 21.IV.1920 h. (fotokopyy)[Secret agreement... - Secret agreement between the government of Poland and the Petliura directory of the Ukrainianindependent republic on the recognition of the UNR and cooperation, concluded on April 21, 1920 (photocopies)]// Rossyiskyi hosudarstvennыi voennыi arkhyv (RHVA), f. 461/k, op. 2, d. 41. [in Russian].Stakhiv, 1966 – Stakhiv M. Ukraina v dobi Dyrektorii UNR [Ukraine in the era of the UNR Directory]. T. 7. Vykhid izkryzy. Skrenton, 1966. 431 s. [in Ukrainian].Tynchenko, 2007 – Tynchenko Ya. Ofitserskyi korpus Armii Ukrainskoi Narodnoi Respubliky (1917–1921) [OfficerCorps of the Army of the Ukrainian People's Republic (1917–1921)]. K., 2007. 536 s. [in Ukrainian].Shandruk, 2008 – Shandruk P. Syla doblesti [The power of valor]. Ivano-Frankivsk, 2008. 236 s. [in Ukrainian].Shelukhin, 1926 – Shelukhin S. Varshavskyi dohovir mizh poliakamy i S. Petliuroiu 21 kvitnia 1920 roku [The WarsawPact between the Poles and S. Petliura on April 21, 1920]. 2-e vyd. Praha, 1926. 40 s. [in Ukrainian].

Background:Long delays in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in receiving advanced therapies signify a critical unmet need. Little is known about delays or treatment patterns in Central Eastern European (CEE) countries.Objectives:To describe patient time to diagnosis of and its treatment patterns in CEE and the US.Methods:Data were collected via a cross-sectional survey of rheumatologists in Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Ukraine (Sept–Dec 2019) and US (Jun–Aug 2018) via physician-completed patient record forms. In consecutive patients with a physician-reported diagnosis of AS, rheumatologists recorded patient demographics, clinical features, time to first consultation and diagnosis and treatment history. Data were compared for CEE vs US using t-test for independent samples (continuous outcomes) and Fisher’s exact test (categorical outcomes). Low rates of HLA-B27 and sacroiliitis at diagnosis may reflect combining non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis under the diagnosis of AS in real-world practice.Results:209 physicians (121 CEE; 88 US) provided data for 1363 patients (876 CEE; 487 US). While some demographic differences existed between regions, estimated prevalence of HLA-B27 in patients with AS was the same between US and CEE. Not all patients were stated to have sacroiliitis at diagnosis (Table 1). Time to first consultation and time to diagnosis were longer in CEE, with more patients experiencing a delay due to another condition initially being diagnosed (Table 2). At diagnosis a similar proportion of patients in CEE and US were prescribed NSAIDs, with higher use of csDMARDs in CEE. bDMARDs were more commonly prescribed at diagnosis in the US, with increased usage continuing after diagnosis (Figure 1).Table 1.Patient demographic and clinical characteristicsCEE(n=876)US(n=487)P value*Demographic characteristicsAge, mean (SD)45.4 (12.7)46.4 (14.1)0.21 (TT)Male, n (%)6319 (72.0)344 (70.6)0.62 (FE)BMI, mean (SD)25.9 (4.1)27.4 (4.5)<0.01 (TT)Full time employment, n (%)460 (53.9)342 (70.8)<0.01 (FE)Caucasian, n (%)853 (97.4)393 (80.7)<0.01 (FE)Clinical features at diagnosisHLA-B27 positive, n (%)592 (67.6)329 (67.6)1.00 (FE)Inflammatory back pain, n (%)712 (82.0)369 (76.7)0.02 (FE)Sacroiliitis identified by X-ray, n (%)598 (68.9)272 (56.5)<0.01 (FE)Back pain >3 months, n (%)427 (49.2)225 (46.8)0.46 (FE)Physician perceived severity, n (%)0.02 (FE)- Mild69 (8.7)20 (5.1)- Moderate414 (52.1)233 (59.1)- Severe312 (39.2)141 (35.8)*Statistical test legend: TT=t-test; FE=Fisher’s Exact.Table 2.Patient diagnosis journeyCEE(n=876)US(n=487)P value*Time from first symptoms to first consultationα, mean months (SD)27.7 (53.7)18.5 (57.1)0.02 (TT)Time from first consultationαto diagnosis, mean months (SD)17.8 (48.6)6.0 (13.2)0.02 (TT)Reasons for delayβ, n (%)- Other condition initially diagnosed108 (33.3)9 (11.8)<0.01 (FE)- Waiting for referral to correct HCP69 (21.3)22 (28.9)0.17 (FE)- Needed test conducting to confirm diagnosis100 (30.9)21 (27.6)0.68 (FE)*Statistical test legend: TT=t-test; FE=Fisher’s exact;αFirst consultation with any healthcare professional about AS symptoms;βDelay defined as >3 months from first consultation to diagnosis.Conclusion:Time to diagnosis was three times longer in CEE vs the US. Despite similar prescription of NSAIDs at diagnosis in US and CEE, a greater proportion of patients currently received NSAIDs and csDMARDs in CEE, while bDMARD use in the US was greater. This suggests different treatment approaches and differences in medication access across the regions.Disclosure of Interests:Tatiana Korotaeva Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant of: Abbvie, BIOCAD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BIOCAD, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer, UCB, Oluwaseyi Dina Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Elizabeth Holdsworth Employee of: Adelphi Real World, Lara Fallon Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Gary Milligan Employee of: Adelphi Real World, Sophie Meakin Employee of: Adelphi Real World, Lisy Wang Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Radu Serban VASILESCU Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Joseph C Cappelleri Shareholder of: Pfizer Inc, Employee of: Pfizer Inc, Atul Deodhar Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GSK, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myer Squibb (BMS), Eli Lilly, GSK, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB

The family of minute tree-fungus beetles has worldwide distributed and has counting about 650 species (Lopes-Andrade, 2011). About 75 species are known for Europe (Królik, 2020), the vast majority of them also occurs in the territory of Ukraine, where the greatest biodiversity is observed in the territory of the Ukrainian Carpathians – 38 species (Drogvalenko, 2008; Diedus, 2020). The family Ciidae is represented by 15 species in the collection of the State Museum of Natural History, National Academy of Scienses of Ukraine (SMNH). The most numerous is the genus Cis, which is represented by eight species: Cis bidentatus (Olivier, 1790) – 3 spec., C. boleti (Scopoli, 1763) – 24 spec., C. castaneus (Herbst, 1793) – 15 spec., C. comptus Gyllenhal, 1827 – 1 spec., C. glabratus Mellié, 1848 – 1 spec., C. lineatocribratus Mellié, 1848 – 1 spec., C. micans (Fabricius, 1792) – 19 spec., C. villosulus (Marsham, 1802) – 2 spec. In five genera we have one species: Dolichocis (D. laricinus (Mellié, 1848) – 2 spec.), Wagaicis (W. wagae (Wankowicz, 1869) – 4 spec.), Orthocis (O. alni (Gyllenhal, 1813) – 2 spec.), Rhopalodontus (R. perforatus (Gyllenhal, 1813) – 9 spec), Octotemnus (O. glabriculus (Gyllenhal, 1827) – 2 spec.) and two species in genus Sulcacis (S. fronticornis (Panzer, 1809) – 2 spec. та S. nitidus (Fabricius, 1792) – 30 spec.). The material of the SMNH collection originates from the territory of Lithuania (seven samples donated by Wankiewicz, which are only known to have been collected before 1886 (Łomnicki, M. 1886), eleven specimens from Poland (Kraków, Puszcza Białowieska, Potok, Strzałków, Załuż) and 172 specimens from western part of Ukraine (Male Polissia (Chornushovychi and Ditkivtsi), Opillia (Monastyryska, Lviv: Pasiky), West Podillia Upland (Tulyn, Buchach), Roztochchia (Lviv itself and its surroundings: Pohulianka, Pasiky, Kryvchytsi, Lysynychi, Znesinnia, Zubra) Volynska Upland (Potorytsia), Ciscarpathians Upland (Drohobych, Kosiv, Ivano-Frankivsk), Margin Gorgany range (Novyi Mizun). 10 specimens of them are collected by J. Mazurek, including such species as C. boleti, C. micans and S. nitidus from Lviv (Pohulianka, Pasiky, Zubra) during the spring-summer period of the beginning of the 20th century (7.04, 19.05, 20.07, 21.07, 13.08). Twenty specimens collected by M. Łomnicki: C. castaneus (Potorytsia, 15.05), C. micans (Kosiv, 19.06), O. alni (Bystrets, 1867.06.28), O. glabriculus (Ivano-Frankivsk, 3.06, Buchach, 2.08). Only one specimen of C. lineatocribratus wich is stored in SMNH was collected by Lgocki in Poland (Potoc). Other specimens have no information about collector.

People’s response to the nobleman’s lie. Galician peasants in defence of Jakub Szela This article examines two different narratives (legends) that arose around the figure of Jakub Szela — one of the leaders of the peasant revolt of 1846 in Austrian Galicia. The first one, named the black legend, was fabricated by the noble family of Bogusz, who suffered severely during the peasant revolt. They placed the entire responsibility for their suffering on their subject Szela, with whom they had been in a violent legal dispute for years, and accused him of a plethora of crimes. This negative image, originating from personal hatred, became the dominant view on Szela in Polish history and literature due to a number of artists and historians who reproduced it in their writings. However, as the article demonstrates, the peasants’ view of Szela was different. In the countryside he was perceived as a hero who brought serfdom and nobility’s violence to an end. Interestingly, the white legend was not supported by the peasant movement, which was erected in Galicia at the end of the 19th century. At the time, peasant politicians followed the goal of gaining independence for Poland and raising peasants’ national consciousness, both of which stood in contradiction of the positive memory of Szela, who was perceived by the ruling class as a mass murderer. This changed in the 1930s with the radicalisation of the peasant movement’s modus operandi and fierce clashes with the government. Szela was revitalised by younger and radical politicians who needed a telling symbol of conflict between the people and the elite. He was also used as a figure for revising the history of Poland — occupied and written predominantly by the nobility. So, again Szela was used instrumentally.

Research aim The formation beginnings of the scientific and organizational agricultural experimental work foundations in the system of higher branch training at the end of the 18th – first half of the 19th centuries are investigated. Scientific novelty. It is proved that domestic sectoral research as an independent branch of scientific natural science originated in the system of higher agricultural education in the Russian Empire as a result of the complex action of various cultural and agricultural traditions, which were clearly manifested in the activities of the first special higher agricultural schools. In the center of the empire, the Russian tradition itself dominated, which was influenced by British agricultural culture, which was reflected in the activities of the state-owned Pavlovsk practical school of agriculture not far from the Russian capital. In the west of the empire, the German cultural and agrarian tradition had a significant influence on the formation of the first agricultural free economic zones – the Agronomic Institute in Marymont (Kingdom of Poland) and the national Gori-Gorki Agricultural Institute (Mogilev Province) – was influenced by the German cultural and agrarian tradition. Conclusions. The multi-vector nature of the higher agricultural education system and sectoral research formation is shown and important aspects of their formation are clarified, taking into account the proven facts of European history at the beginning of the 19th century. Introduced into the scientific discourse is the question of the research beginning at the Agronomical Institute in Marymont (Kingdom of Poland), the legal successor of which is the Kharkiv V. V. Dokuchaev National Agrarian University. The significance of the constituent documents of the Agronomic Institute in the Kingdom of Poland from the point of view of regulating the work of the research field in the institution is considered. The history of the research field of the Gori-Goretsky Agricultural Institute has been studied with the help of statutory documents and the printed works of the educational institution.

The paper analyzes pressing questions of Rus’-Hungarian-Austrian relations at the time of the kings Danylo Romanovich and Bela IV. The historiographical coverage of the discussion aspects of the interstate relations of Rus’, Hungary, the Holy Roman Empire, Poland and the Golden Horde is considered. The peculiarities of the completion of the Romanovich struggle for the parental heritage, the significance of the Hungarian factor in the domestic and foreign policy of Danylo Romanovich are clarified. The conclusion about the importance of the Rus’-Hungarian-Austrian relations in the history of the Galician and Volyn lands in 1235–1264 was drown.

The paper analyzes the interpretation of pressing questions of Rus’-Hungarian relations at the time of the prince Danylo Romanovich and the king Andriy II in historiography. Debatable aspects of the policy of Hungarian royal power concerning Galich-Volyn Rus’, the peculiarities of the interstate relations of Rus’, Hungary and Poland have been considered. The circumstances of the struggle of the Romanoviches for the farther heredity, the significance of a Hungarian factor in the activity of political rivals and opponents of Danylo Romanovich have been clarified. The conclusions about the role of Rus’-Hungarian relations in the history of Galich and Volyn lands during 1205–1235 have been drawn.

Summary From 19 inhumation graves from the cemetery in Malbork-Wielbark (northern Poland) samples (teeth) were collected for the analysis of strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in order to try to determine the origin of the subjects. The chronological range of the analyzed statistical sample covers about 300 years of over 600 years of necropolis history, i. e. the period from the end of the early pre-Roman period (phase A3 – the last decades BC) to the C1b phase of the Roman period (more or less the first half of the 3rd century AD). The results of the analysis indicate the local origin of the studied group, and at the same time constitute an interesting contribution to the discussion on the ethnic structure of the Wielbark culture.

Prior research reported a significant association between intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and negative parenting, but there was an overreliance on U.S. samples and families from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. Therefore, this quasi-experimental study examined the association between recent IPV victimization and abusive parenting practices in a sample of community-based women from Poland. Participants were mothers of children aged 2 to 5 years ( N = 610) attending an outpatient clinic located in a city in south-eastern Poland. Mothers were asked about their IPV experiences in the past 12 months and were classed as either IPV positive or IPV negative. Outcome measures assessed emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices. All data were collected online. To reduce bias in background characteristics (i.e., age, education, employment status, financial distress, self-esteem, childhood violence history, alcohol problems, current mental distress, social support, exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related stressors, and child sex), we applied the propensity score matching (PSM) technique. Group differences before and after matching were examined using independent samples t-tests. Prematching analyses revealed that IPV-positive mothers used significantly more emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices than IPV-negative mothers. However, the two samples differed substantially on six background characteristics which are known risk factors for IPV and child maltreatment (financial distress, self-esteem, childhood violence history, current mental distress, social support, and exposure to COVID-19-pandemic-related stressors). PSM was successful in reducing those imbalances. Postmatching group comparisons were statistically nonsignificant for emotionally abusive and harsh parenting, disproving the spillover hypothesis. We conclude that IPV victimization is not related to emotionally abusive and harsh parenting practices when controlling for confounding variables.

Introduction: No studies on paternal postnatal depression (PPND) have been performed in Poland. Aim: The aim of the study was to estimate the symptoms of depression in women and men and identify the determinants of mental health of fathers after the birth of their child. Material and methods: Parents (142) participated in the study during the period 1 to 12 months after the birth. Results and discussion: The analyses reveal that 13% of fathers and 18% of mothers after the birth of their child had Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) scores of 10 or higher, which indicates possible depression. At score 12 and more, the proportion detected by EPDS decreased to 7% of fathers and 13% of mothers, which is an indicator of major depressive disorder. At EPDS score 12 and more, a probable depressive disorder was indicated in 10% of fathers in the period of 1–3 months, 7% of fathers at 4–7 months and 4% of fathers at 8–12 months. The symptoms of maternal depression at a score of 12 and more were detected in 16% of women at 1–3 months, 12% at 4–7 months 11% at 8–12 months. PPND was significantly associated with depression in mothers OR 5.7, lower education OR 4.3, low financial income OR 6.0, decreased relationship satisfaction OR 3.3, and previous history of depression OR 3.2. Conclusions: Psychosocial factors were strong predictors of PPND up to a year after the birth of the child. The authors suggest the routine screening and assessment of both parents should occur during the woman’s pregnancy and in the postnatal period.

Despite the increasing interest in spring-fed fens’ sediments as a palaeoenvironmental archive, their potential as high-precision climatic records is rarely used to its full extent. Here, we present a detailed early to mid-Holocene record of environmental changes in the Turtul hanging spring-fed fen, northeastern Poland, to test whether the well preserved and accurately subsampled alternating peat and tufa sediments allow us to recognise short-duration local and regional climatic changes. Our reconstructions are based on a loss-on-ignition analysis of the sediment, carbon and oxygen stable isotope values of tufa, and biotic proxies: plant macrofossil and malacological analyses. A detailed environmental reconstruction was possible due to the combination of detailed sampling (1 cm intervals) and high sediment accumulation rates. The two sediment sequences collected from the fen revealed the congruent palaeoenvironmental history; however, the temporal shift associated with the distance of the coring site from the water outflow was also apparent, stressing the need for careful selection of the coring site in palaeoenvironmental research. Peat deposition at Turtul started at 10,300 cal yr BP; however, tufa precipitation did not begin before 9250 cal yr BP. During the most active tufa deposition, from 7850 to 6100 cal yr BP, a high sedimentation rate was observed (0.11–0.25 cm yr−1). We found several abrupt and short-duration declines in carbonate deposition corresponding to climatic fluctuations recorded in geological archives from the southeastern Baltic region. The carbonate drops at 8200–8130, 7900–7850, 7400–7300, 6600–6500, 5980–5870 and 5400 cal yr BP were associated with climate cooling or drying, whereas those at 10,200–9250, 8450–8340 and 6160–6100 cal yr BP can be attributed to drying with no cooling. We conclude that the evident sensitivity of the Turtul fen to climatic shifts that emerge from our high-resolution (one sample every 17 years on average) reconstruction complements the still rare high-resolution palaeoenvironmental records in the area.

Background and aims: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma herpes virus and one of the most common infections globally. It has been linked to several health problems, including breast cancer, which is a leading cause of death among females worldwide. In Yemen, breast cancer is one of the top reported cancers in women. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between EBV and breast cancer among Yemeni women in Sana'a city. Methods: The study is a case-control study that included newly diagnosed, untreated breast cancer patients as cases and healthy women attending the National Cancer Control Foundation as controls. A total of 150 participants were tested for EBV (VCA) IgG using ELISA. Results: The association between EBV and BC in the case and control groups was found by the investigation. 48 women (64.0%) who tested positive for EBV IgG were included in the control group, whereas 71 women (94.7%) among the patients had the antibody identified. A substantial correlation between EBV and BC was found by statistical analysis; a chi-square value of 21.510 and a p-value of less than 0.001 supported this conclusion. With a 95% confidence interval, the odds ratio was 10.0 (3.3-30.4). Moreover, women above the age of thirty showed a higher risk than women under that age (p=0.006). In addition, compared to the control group, divorced and bereaved women had a significantly higher chance of contracting EBV (p= 0.002). Conclusions: According to the study's findings, there may be a link between EBV infection and a higher risk of breast cancer. To further understand the underlying mechanisms and potential strategies to reduce this risk, more research is required. Peer Review History: Received 1 December 2023; Revised 19 January 2024; Accepted 27 February; Available online 15 March 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Andrzej Szymański, Poznan University of Technology, Poland, andrzej.szymanski@put.poznan.pl Dr. Fátima Morales Marín, University of Murcia, Spain, fatima.morales@um.es

Background: In recent papers, it was found that 1,3,4-oxadiazole, 1,3,4-thiadiazoleand 1,2,4-triazole pharmacophores are present in several drugs, tiodazosin and nesapidil (antihypertensive), raltegravir (antiretroviral), Furamizole, cefazolin and ceftezole (antibiotics), acetazolamide and methazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), sulfamethizole (antibacterial), fluconazole, ravuconazole, voriconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and tebuconazole (antifungal). Methods: Thiosemicarbazide was reacted with ethyl p-substituted-phenyl glycinate; namely, ethyl p-tolylglycinate (1), ethyl p-methoxyphenylglycinate (2) or ethyl p-bromophenylglycinate (3), respectively to give compounds 4-6, which then kept with conc. H2SO4 overnight to yield 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine derivatives 7-9. Compounds 10-18 were yielded by reaction of compounds 7-9 with D-sugars namely, D-galactose, D-glucose and/ or D-xylose in ethanol and catalytic amount of acetic acid. Compounds (10-18) were then acetylated with acetic anhydride to form compounds (19-21). Finely compound 7 was reacted with chloroacetyl chloride and/or acetic anhydride to afford compounds 22 and/or 23 respectively. Results: Six compounds were evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity on the HepG-2 and MCF-7 human cancer cell lines. Conclusion: Among the tested compounds, compounds 6 and 13 were found to be the more potent for their cytotoxic activity on the two cancer cell lines. Peer Review History: Received: 5 March 2022; Revised: 9 April; Accepted: 1 May, Available online: 15 May 2022 Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10 Reviewers: Dr. Andrzej Szymański, Poznan University of Technology, Poland, andrzej.szymanski@put.poznan.pl Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com Similar Articles: CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITIES IN VITRO OF FLOWER EXTRACTS OF THREE SPECIES OF ALOE GROWING IN YEMEN:ALOE RUBROVIOLACEAE, ALOE VERA AND ALOE SABAEA, AGAINST ELEVEN TYPES OF CANCER CELL LINES IN VITRO GENOTOXICITY OF THREE PLANTS FROM ASTERACEAE FAMILY IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES CULTURES

Dear Colleagues, In the previous editorial paper published by Balat et al. [1] as an Early View Article a few months ago, it was reported that there were changes in the Editorial Team of the European Journal of Therapeutics (Eur J Ther). During these few months, while the preparations for the new issue (June 2023, volume 29, Issue 2) continued, the editorial board also was revised. We would like to inform you that the Editorial Board has been strengthened by academics who are competent in their fields from many countries of the world and will continue to be strengthened in the future. As it is known, Eur J Ther started broadcasting in 1990 as a Journal of the Faculty of Medicine University of Gaziantep (In Turkish: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi). In the first paper titled “While Starting” (In Turkish: Başlarken) of the first issue, Prof. Sabri Güngör, who was the first Editor-in-Chief, stated that the aim of the journal is to have an influential place in the field of science [2]. Over the past three decades, the journal has continued to advance. At the present time, it is inevitable to reorganise the editorial board of the journal and enrich it with leading international editors in order to move the journal to better places. This editorial will explain essential developments in the journal in the last few months, and the new Editorial Board Members of the Eur J Ther will be introduced. Changes are inevitable, and we are delighted to announce that this issue marks several significant improvements. Specifically, we bolstered our editorial team with esteemed international academics and expanded our pool of referees. Consequently, the evaluation period for the submitted articles was significantly reduced. In the last two months, the journal metrics are as follows: Acceptance rate: %29 Average time until the final decision: 24.4 days Average time to publish as Accepted/Early View Article, after acceptance: 4.8 days. Thanks to these improvements, as you will notice, there are 25 articles in this issue. In this way, this issue has been the issue in which most articles have been published so far. In addition, applications were made to DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) and BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), among the most essential open-access databases in the world, in May 2023. Moreover, cited references to the previous and/or alternative names of the journal (Gaziantep Medical Journal, Gaziantep Med J, Gaziantep Tıp Dergisi and Gaziantep Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi) in Web of Science that were not reflected in the journal metrics were identified and reported to the Web of Science. Some of these correction requests have been finalized and corrected, and thus the total number of citations and the H-index of the journal increased [3]. After all these data are updated, it will be seen that the citation values of the Eur J Ther will increase even more. We will also update the guidelines for the authors and reviewers with respect to the ICMJE [4] and EQUATOR Network [5], which will enhance the quality of research in the medical fraternity. Additionally, the use of DOI for articles published in the journal started in 2011 (2011, volume 17, Issue 2). In order to facilitate the recognition and access of the articles, DOIs have also been defined for all articles published in previous issues. Editors Ayşe Balat, MD, became the new Editor-in-Chief of Eur J Ther for the second time, the first between 2007-2010. She is a Professor in Pediatrics and a specialist in Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology. She has been working as Vice President of Gaziantep University since October 2020. She was the Dean of Gaziantep University Medical Faculty (2007-2010), President of the Mediterranean Kidney Society (MKS) between 2015 to 2018, and Secretary beginning in 2018. She is also President of the International Association for the History of Nephrology (IAHN) since 2022. In Gaziantep, she first established Pediatric Nephrology and Pediatric Rheumatology Units, and the first peritoneal dialysis was performed by her. She has several studies published in international and national peer-reviewed scientific journals (H-Index: 26, i10-index: 59 and approximately 2500 citations). She was the Guest Editor of the International Journal of Nephrology in 2012 (special issue titled “Devil’s Triangle in Kidney Diseases: Oxidative Stress, Mediators, and Inflammation”). She is a member of many national and international associations related to her field, including membership in the Turkish Pediatric Nephrology Association board in the past. She has several scientific presentation awards at national and international congresses. She has been joined as an “invited speaker” at 20 International Meetings. As of 2007, she organizes World Kidney Day activities within the scope of the “Survival is not Enough” program (in the first rank among European pediatric nephrologists as an organizer of those activities). Recently, she was elected as a “lifelong member of the Academy of Medicine and Surgical Sciences” of the University of Naples, which is one of the four important academies in Naples. Şevki Hakan Eren, MD, is the new Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Eur J Ther. Dr Eren graduated from the Medical School, University of Gaziantep, Turkey and completed Emergency training at Cumhuriyet University. He has been working as a Professor at Gaziantep University, Department of Emergency Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey. He is interested in traumatology, and toxicology. Mehmet Sait Menzilcioğlu, MD, is the new Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Eur J Ther. Dr. Menzilcioğlu graduated from the Medical School, University of Gaziantep, Turkey and completed Radiology training at the same University. He has been working as an Associate Professor at Gaziantep University, Department of Radiology, Gaziantep, Turkey. He is interested in neuroradiology, ultrasonography, doppler Ultrasonography, Computerized Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, interventional radiology, and obstetric sonography. İlhan Bahşi, MD, PhD, is the new Deputy Editor-in-Chief of the Eur J Ther. Dr Bahşi is also on the Editorial Board of the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery, Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, and Mersin University School of Medicine Lokman Hekim Journal of History of Medicine and Folk Medicine. In addition, he has published more than 80 articles (H-index: 12 and i10-index: 15) and has been a referee for more than 600 academic papers in many internationally indexed journals. Dr Bahşi, who has been working in the Department of Anatomy at the Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine since 2012, completed his doctorate education in 2017 and obtained the title of PhD. Besides anatomy, he is particularly interested in the history of medicine, medical ethics, and education. İlkay Doğan, PhD, is the new Editorial Board member of the Eur J Ther for Statistics and Methodology. He is in the Department of Biostatistics at the Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine. His professional focus lies in research about Structural Equation Modeling, Multivariate Analysis. With a wealth of experience spanning over 15 years across multiple disciplines, including veterinary, nursing, sport and medicine, Dr Doğan has held various notable articles. He is a member of the Turkish Biostatistics Association. Ahmet Acıduman, MD, PhD, graduated from Ege University Faculty of Medicine in 1987 and later specialized in Neurosurgery in 1997. Dr Acıduman further expanded his academic credentials by completing a PhD in the History of Medicine and Ethics in 2005. Currently, he is a Professor in the Department of History of Medicine and Ethics at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine. With a notable record of over 200 academic publications, Dr Acıduman’s contributions to the field continue. Bilal Çiğ, PhD, is a new Editorial board member of the Eur J Ther. Associate Prof Bilal Çiğ is a Postdoctoral researcher at King's College London Wolfson Card. He has been investigating the roles of ion channels in neurological diseases using the patch clamp technique for nearly 15 years. For the past few years, he has focused on the interactions of TRPA1 and Kir 4.1 channels in demyelination. He has 40 SCI-E and international publications, with about 1300 citations. Tsvetoslav Georgiev, MD, PhD, holds an esteemed position as an associate professor at the First Department of Internal Medicine in Varna, Bulgaria, while also working as a clinician at the University Hospital St. Marina. He has successfully defended his doctoral dissertation in 2018 at the Medical University in Sofia. Having obtained a specialization in rheumatology that same year, Dr Georgiev has extensive expertise in this intricate field of medicine. He further expanded his knowledge and skills by attending comprehensive courses on imaging diagnostics and musculoskeletal ultrasound in rheumatology held in various locations. Dr Georgiev has been involved in formulating the Bulgarian consensus on osteoarthritis and EULAR recommendations for the non-pharmacological core management of osteoarthritis. Notably, Dr Georgiev has received recognition for his outstanding contributions as a reviewer, earning awards in 2019 and 2021 from the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences. Davut Sinan Kaplan, PhD, is a new Editorial Board Member of the Eur J Ther. Dr Kaplan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physiology at Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine. He is also the Graduate School of Health Sciences’ Director. He has taken involved in a wide variety of research with animal models. His research generally focuses on Endocrinology, Metabolism, Physical Activity, and Breast Milk. He has mentored a large group of master’s and PhD students. He has served for many years as a member of the local animal experiments ethics committee. Mehmet Karadağ, MD, is a new Editorial Board Member of the Eur J Ther for Psychiatry. Dr. Karadag is an Associate Professor of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. He is in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at the Gaziantep University School of Medicine. He has experience on Posttraumatic Stress, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity, Autism Spectrum, Anxiety, Depressive Disorders and EMDR Therapy. He is also EMDRIA accredited EMDR Consultant. Murat Karaoglan, MD, is a new Editorial Board Member of the Eur J Ther for Endocrinology. Dr. Karaoglan is an Associate Professor of Pediatric Endocrinology. He is in the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology at the Gaziantep University School of Medicine. He has experience on growth disorder, diabetology and disorder of sexual development. Waqar M. Naqvi, PhD, is a faculty in the Department of Physiotherapy at the College of Health Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE. His professional focus lies in the development of the research ecosystem within healthcare education, with a particular interest in AI, AR, VR, Sensors, and innovation in health sciences. With a wealth of experience spanning over 14 years across multiple countries, including India, Canada, Cameroon, Hong Kong, and Saudi Arabia, Dr Naqvi has held various notable positions. These include his roles as the Associate Director of Research at the NKP Salve Institute of Medical Sciences, Acting Dean and Vice Dean of the Physiotherapy College, Convener for the International Admission Office, International Accreditation and Quality Assurance Wing, Staff Selection Committee, and Coordinator for a Staff-Student Exchange Program. In recognition of his outstanding contributions, Dr Naqvi was honored with the Distinguished Service Award and Young Achiever Award from the Indian Association of Physiotherapy. Dr Naqvi is widely recognized for his expertise in conducting seminars and workshops on research, publications, and intellectual property rights. Specializing as a research trainer in the fields of medicine, dentistry, physiotherapy, and health sciences, Dr Naqvi's unwavering commitment to research excellence and his genuine passion for mentoring aspiring researchers are instrumental in shaping the future of healthcare. He firmly believes in the power of evidence-based practice and actively advocates for its implementation. Ali Nasimi is a neuroscientist in the field of central regulation of the cardiovascular system. Victor Nedzvetsky, PhD, DrSc is a full professor of Physiology, Biochemistry and Lab Diagnostics, where coordinates courses on Neurochemistry, Molecular and Cell Biology. Additionally, he is a vice-director of “The Biosafety Center” research and development company (Ukraine). He obtained PhD in biochemistry at Dnipropetrovsk University, Ukraine (1990). After postdoctoral training, he received a degree of Doctor Science at Kyiv National University (2006). Since 2015 he was involved as an invited professor of Bingol University, Turkey as a supervisor of PhD projects on genetic and molecular biology. He has participated in both the education and research work of the Dept. Art and Science of Bingol University from 2015 to 2021. His current research interests are focused on intestinal barrier function, brain blood barrier, astrocytes, cognitive deficits, bioactive compounds as anticancer agents, nanomaterials, and neuroprotection. He is the author of over 230 research publications and ten patents. He is a member of the editorial board of the journal “Regulatory Mechanisms of Biosystems”. Raphael Olszewski, DDS, MD, PhD, DrSc is a full professor of oral surgery and dentomaxillofacial radiology at the Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium. Professor Olszewski is an oral surgeon and member of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, UCLouvan, Brussels, Belgium. Prof Olszewski is the Editor-in-Chief of NEMESIS: Negative effects in medical sciences: oral and maxillofacial surgery. Janusz Ostrowski, MD, PhD. Internal medicine, nephrology, and public health specialist. Former Head of the Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology at the Provincial Hospital in Wloclawek, Poland. Director for Peritoneal Dialysis in Diaverum Company Poland. Secretary of the Historical Section of the Polish Society of Nephrology. Former President of the International Association for the History of Nephrology. Professor, Vice Dean of the School of Public Health and Head of the Department of the History of Medicine in the Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education in Warsaw, Poland. Ayşe Aysima Özçelik, MD, is a new Editorial Board member of Eur J Ther for Neurology. She is the head of the pediatric neurology department and works at Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine. She is the regional manager for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy disease. She is an experienced physician in the treatment and follow-up of genetic neurological disorders, epilepsy, and neuromuscular diseases. Maria Piagkou, DDS, MD, MSc, PhD is a new Editorial Board member of Eur J Ther for Neurology. She is an associate professor at the Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens. She is a Deputy Vice-President of the Hellenic Association of Public Health in Greece and a President of the printed material handling committee of the National Organization for Medicines. She has twenty-one years of teaching activity in the field of anatomy, focused on head and neck, oral and maxillofacial area, as well as on skull base anatomy and anatomical variants. Her main areas of interest are head and neck anatomy and surgery, skull base anatomy, oral surgery, maxillofacial and dental trauma, rehabilitation, intraoral fixation after condylar fractures, and teeth replantation. She is an associate editor in 2 journals of Anatomy and acts as Editorial Board Member in six other journals. She authored six chapters in neuroanatomy and oral and maxillofacial surgery and thoracic surgery books, two monographs, and edited the translation of 9 books. She is a reviewer in 30 international scientific journals. She authored 156 publications in PubMed, 91 abstracts in 26 international congresses, and 318 abstracts in Greek scientific meetings. She is General Secretary of the Sports Medicine Association of Greece and treasurer of the Hellenic Association of Anatomy. Halima Resić, MD, PhD is a Professor of Internal medicine – nephrology in Sarajevo. Professor Resić studied medicine at the University of Belgrade where she also undertook a clinical fellowship in nephrology. She finished her postgraduate studies also at the University of Belgrade in 1987. Professor Resić worked at the Clinical Centre of Belgrade from 1972. to 1992. In 1993. She worked at the Marmara University of Istanbul. Also, in the period from 1994. to 1996. she took part in projects for refugees in Munich with the support of the Ministry of Health of the city of Munich. From 1996. till 2019. professor Resić worked at the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, where she was head of the Clinic of Hemodialysis. In 2001. She obtained her PhD degree in Nephrology. She became a professor at the Medical Faculty of the University of Sarajevo in 2013. Professor Resić published about 180 professional and scientific papers in relevant journals. She has been a president of organizations of a few national congress and nephrology schools, and also an active participant of ERA congress and WCN congress. She has also been invited lecturer in over 60 different international and national congresses. Professor Resić was President of the BANTAO Society (2017-2019), and President of the Mediterian Kidney Society. She has been President of the Society of Nephrology, Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (2010-2020) and also, she is President of Donor’s network of Bosnia and Herzegovina. She is a member of ERA EDTA and ISN, and also a member of the Committee of SRC by ISN. She is a member of the Council of EAPE (European Association of Professor Emerita). She is also vice president of IANUBIH (International Academy of Science and Arts in Bosnia and Herzegovina) and a member of the board of South Eastern Europe by ISN. In her carrier, she obtains many international awards for her work in the field of Nephrology. Aldo Rogelis Aquiles Rodrigues is a new Editorial Board member of Eur J Ther for Neurology. Currently, he is an associate professor in physiology at the Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, MG, Brazil since 2006. Before that, he worked as a research associate at the Department of Neurophysiology, Madison, USA from 2002 to 2005. He has experience in auditory neurons electrophysiology, enteric neurons and ion channels in general. Domenico Santoro is a Full Professor of Nephrology, Director of the Division of Nephrology and Coordinator of the Nephrology Fellowship Program University of Messina, AOU G. Martino – Messina. He is s a clinical expert in glomerular disorders with a scientific formation at the section of renal Pathology of the CSMC UCLA Los Angeles. He collaborated in genetic studies in glomerular disease. He coordinates as principal investigators several studies in glomerular disease both in clinical/therapeutical as well genetic aspects. He is the Associate Editor of the Journal of Nephrology and MBC Nephrology. Author of more than 270 scientific publications indexed on Scopus, H-index in Scopus: 38; H-index in Google Scholar: 46. Onur Taydaş, MD, is a new Editorial Board Member of the Eur J Ther for Radiology. Dr Taydas is an Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology at the Sakarya University School of Medicine. He has a Turkish Society of Radiology Proficiency Certificate, a European Diploma in Radiology, and a Turkish Interventional Radiology Diploma. He has experience in neuroradiology, musculoskeletal radiology, and interventional radiology. Gregory Tsoucalas (or Tsoukalas), born in 1974 and originated from the Island of Skopelos in the center of the Aegean Sea, he had studied Medicine in the University of Saint Kliment Ohridski in Sofia Bulgaria. He had then continued his studies in Lyon France and Athens Greece. He had been a Nuclear Medicine-Oncology-End stage physician in Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital of Athens. He had after that moved to the city of Volos where he had been a physician in the Saint George Clinic for Alzheimer and Related Dementia Syndromes-End stage. He had finally moved to the General Clinic Anassa of Volos in the Internal Pathology Department. He currently holds the position of the Assistant professor of the History of Medicine, and head of the Department of History of Medicine and Medical Deontology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. Specialized in Nuclear Medicine, MSc in Palliative Medicine and PhD in the History of Medicine from National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, History of Medicine Diploma from Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, post-doc in Anatomy from Democritus University of Thrace, Anthropology Course Diploma from Leiden University. He holds diplomas in Mastology and Clinical Nutrition for the related European Societies. He is the General Secretary of the Hellenic Branch of the Balkan Medical Union. Interested in the fields of History of Medicine, Deontology, Bioethics, Anatomy and Humanities, he is the writer of more than 200 articles in the PubMed database and more than 200 in other bases. He loves books and had published 10, while he had participated with chapters in various publications. Member of the International Society of the History of Medicine he had presented more than 130 speeches and 50 lectures in international level. Member of DELTOS (Hellenic Society) he had presented more than 400 speeches in local level. He enjoys more than 2500 citations, H-index: 17, and i10-index: 41. Hamit Yıldız, MD, PhD, is the new editorial Board member for Internal Medicine. Dr Yildiz is an internal medicine specialist and practices in Gaziantep University Hospital. He is Board Certified in Internal Medicine. He completed his internship at Gaziantep University in Gaziantep and also graduated with a PhD in molecular biology. He has more than ten years of experience as a specialist who focuses on patients with diabetes, hypertension and thyroid diseases. His special interest is recombinant DNA technologies and the development of biotechnological drugs. Betül Yılmaz Furtun, MD, FASE, FAAP, is a new Editorial Board Member for the Eur J Ther. She is an Associate Professor of Pediatrics at the Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine and Associate Medical Director of the Fetal Cardiology/Fetal Cardiac Intervention Program at Texas Children's Hospital. Dr Yilmaz Furtun is also a Course Director of Fetal Cardiology Education/Curriculum Development for advanced and categorical cardiology fellows and an Associate Director of the Fetal Care Center Steering Committee for fetal cardiology at Texas Children's Hospital. Dr Yilmaz Furtun is a pediatric cardiologist with expertise in advanced imaging modalities including fetal echocardiography, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography. Dr Yilmaz Furtun completed her pediatrics training at Washington University in St. Louis, pediatric cardiology training at Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, and fetal cardiology/advanced imaging training at Cincinnati Children's Hospital. Dr Yilmaz Furtun actively participates in fetal and pediatric echocardiography laboratory protocol development and fetal and echocardiography lab and Fetal Care Center quality and improvement initiatives. Dr Yilmaz Furtun has been a member of the American Society of Echocardiography, the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Fetal Heart Society as well as American College of Cardiology. Dr Yilmaz Furtun’s clinical and research focus relates to cardiac imaging by echocardiography and fetal echocardiography. She utilizes her experience in these areas to study how we can use non-invasive imaging modalities for investigating normal and abnormal cardiac function in patients with congenital heart disease and in fetuses with cardiac compromise. Her primary research interests focus on fetal cardiovascular assessment and cardiac dysfunction in patients with congenital heart disease, in fetuses with congenital abnormalities, and in multiple gestation pregnancies complicated by twin-twin transfusion syndrome. Matthew Zdilla, DC, is a new Editorial Board Member for the Eur J Ther. Dr Zdilla was educated at the University of Pittsburgh and Northeast College of Health Sciences. He serves as an Associate Professor at the West Virginia University School of Medicine in the United States of America. He is an award-winning, internationally recognized clinical anatomist who has published scores of high-impact research papers regarding human diversity and the impact of anatomical variation on clinical procedures. In addition to his experience as an accomplished researcher, Zdilla brings his experience as an ad hoc reviewer for nearly 40 journals to the European Journal of Therapeutics. Joseph Schmidt, MFA has taught academic writing for the University of Louisville and various campuses of The City University of New York (CUNY). An accomplished poet, he has contributed content to, and edited a number of small literary journals. At Gaziantep University, he has lent his editorial and native English language talents to some of his Turkish colleagues in the sciences. He teaches in the university’s School of Foreign Languages (YDO).