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Wickham, Dorothy. "Women in 'Ballarat" 1851-1871: a case study in agency." Thesis, University of Ballarat, 2008. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/178386.
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This thesis argues that European women exercised agency in mid nineteenth century Ballarat. It develops an understanding of women as active agents who engaged with, and negotiated, relationships of power. It highlights the fluidity in gendered roles, the blurred lines between the public and private domains, and the complexity of colonial life and relationships. This social and feminist history situates women within the system of patriarchal power which systematically and overtly benefited men. It reveals the complex operation of patriarchal power in which women accepted, challenged, and resisted social values and constructs. Such a consideration of the structure of power dislodges the notion of women as oppressed bodies who passively accepted universal and monolithic patriarchal values, and instead highlights diversity within gendered power structures. Drawing on public documentation, narrative, biographical, and statistical information from a diverse, extensive, and comprehensive range of archival sources, this thesis utilises a form of microhistorical methodology to detail and analyse the ways in which colonial women helped to shape society. It then draws a broader interpretation from such analysis to locate this thesis among other feminist and goldfields discourses. Through the central themes of health, birth, death, marnage, family, law, religion, temperance, philanthropy, work and public protests, this study_ identifies strands of agency exercised by Ballarat' s colonial women during the city's metamorphosis from the heady early days after the official discovery of payable gold in 1851 and the subsequent expansion of colonial settlement, to the consolidation of the City of Ballarat in 1871. Women predominantly acted as domesticating, nurturing and civilising agents, their actions deriving legitimacy from patriarchal values and endorsed by men. Women also contested, challenged, negotiated, manipulated, resisted and rejected socially accepted values, while playing out their lives within the colonial society in which they lived.Doctor of Philosophy
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Estes, Sharon Lynn. "Inverted Audiences: Transatlantic Readers and International Bestsellers, 1851-1891." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376042728.
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Fifer, D. E. (Donald Edward). "The Sydney merchants and seaborne trade, 1821-1851." Phd thesis, Department of History, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13716.
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Tivy, Mary. "THE LOCAL HISTORY MUSEUM IN ONTARIO 1851-1985: AN INTELLECTUAL HISTORY." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/2821.
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This thesis is a study of the changing model of the local history museum in Ontario, Canada and the consequential changing interpretations of the past in these institutions. Beginning in 1879, local history museums in Ontario developed largely from the energies of local historical societies bent on collecting the past. While science museums used taxonomy and classification to mirror the natural state of the world, history museums had no equivalent framework for organizing collections as real-world referents. Often organized without apparent design, by the early 20th century a deductive method was used to categorize and display history collections into functional groups based on manufacture and use.
By the mid-twentieth century an inductive approach for interpreting collections in exhibits was promoted to make these objects more meaningful and interesting to museum visitors, and to justify their collection. This approach relied on the recontextualization of the object through two methods: text-based, narrative exhibits; and verisimilitude, the recreation of the historical environment in which the artifact would have been originally used. These exhibit practices became part of the syllabus of history museum work as it professionalized during the mid-twentieth century, almost a full century after the science museum. In Ontario, recontextualizing artifacts eventually dominated the process of recreating the past at museums. Objects were consigned to placement within textual storylines in order to impart accurate meaning. At its most elaborate, artifacts were recontextualized into houses, and buildings into villages, wherein the public could fully immerse themselves in a tableau of the past. Throughout this process, the dynamic of recontextualization to enhance visitor experience subtlety shifted the historical artifact from its previous position in the museum as an autonomous relic of the past, to one subordinate to context.
Although presented as absolute, the narratives and reconstructions formed by these collecting and exhibiting practices were contingent on a multitude of shifting factors, such as accepted museum practice, physical, economic and human resources available to the museum operation, and prevailing beliefs about the past and community identity. This thesis exposes the wider field of museum practice in Ontario community history museums over a century while the case study of Doon Pioneer Village shows in detail the conditional qualities of historical reconstruction in museum exhibits and historical restoration.
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Bosworth, P. Anne. "Village life in the Vale of Belvoir : social and economic change, 1851-1881." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1989. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6738.
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A study of the effects upon the village community of various areas of social and economic change. Based upon detailed examination of seven villages within the Leicestershire Vale of Belvoir, the thesis considers varied responses to legislative changes. such as those in employment regulation and education, to economic change such as that in agriculture and in the means of transport, and to social pressures for change as in the fields of religious allegiance or public recreation. Census evidence of changing population levels, and of variations in the composition of the population in terms of age, sex, and occupation, is discussed, and causes and effects of such changes suggested. The evidence of migration from and amongst the villages is explored, with an examination of possible motivation for it. Changing class relations are explored; while small-scale land ownership is shown to have been relatively unimportant in creating status or economic stability, the continuing influence of the great landowners, notably the Duke of Rutland, is recognised, but set against evidence of a decline in deferential attitudes and a growing challenge to aristocratic political influence. The village middle class of farmers and tradesmen is shown to have increasingly assumed a leadership role, but it is suggested that the conservatism of the village population helped to preserve elements of traditional village life, and above all, the sense of an integrated community.
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Gleadle, Kathryn Jane. "The early feminists : radical unitarians and the emergence of the women's rights movement, c.1831-1851." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386235.
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Alves, Cláudio José 1970. "Natureza e cultura nas ilustrações da Comissão Científica de Exploração, (1851-1861)." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280561.
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Orientador: Luiz Cesar Marques FilhoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T08:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alves_ClaudioJose_D.pdf: 16119646 bytes, checksum: 6d72a29ccf13a513d3253763db7e7145 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: Essa Tese refere-se à iconografia da Comissão Científica de Exploração enviada ao Ceará, em 1859 até 1861, por D. Pedro II. As aquarelas, os desenhos e as litografias da expedição foram produzidos a partir da atuação do pintor José dos Reis Carvalho, do poeta Gonçalves Dias e dos naturalistas Francisco Freire Alemão e Manoel Ferreira Lagos. Ao compararmos o trabalho de José dos Reis Carvalho para a Comissão Científica de Exploração com as influências estéticas de sua época, nele iremos perceber que, ao tratar da questão da seca, expressou elementos próprios da realidade local e da cultura brasileira, ali identificadas com o sertanejo e seu modo de vida na aridez da caatinga. Como um ilustrador científico, mas com um padrão estético próprio, deu às suas obras um caráter histórico envolto de questões sociais da época e representou o homem em conflito com uma paisagem que o hostilizava. Por meio de artigos e manuscritos sob as questões climáticas e culturais relacionadas ao Ceará, e pela bibliografia adquirida pela Comissão Científica de Exploração, delimitamos o espaço documental que justificou a produção iconográfica do pintor voltada para o tema das secas e para os costumes locais. O poeta Gonçalves Dias compôs um indianismo no qual se voltou a reconstituir a identidade nacional através das reminiscências culturais das antigas tribos Tupis e Tapuias. Permitiu o nascimento de uma etnografia de caráter científico baseada nas características linguísticas, tecnológicas e estéticas destes povos antigos e presentes nos grupos indígenas existentes no período. Os artefatos que ele recolheu no Amazonas, remeteu ao Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro e foram litografados pelo Imperial Instituto Artístico, expressam a importância que estes objetos assumiram como documentos iconográficos relacionados à História da Cultura Brasileira que esteve motivada por uma ideologia nativista. O botânico Francisco Freire Alemão e o zoólogo Manoel Ferreira Lagos, além de promoverem a identificação e a classificação de diversas espécies da biodiversidade cearense, dedicaram-se a produzir registros visuais para inaugurarem uma produção bibliográfica ilustrada no Brasil que ainda era incipiente. O interesse pela aplicação das técnicas acadêmicas do desenho Freire Alemão manifestou em seus singelos desenhos de vilas e plantas presentes na Biblioteca Nacional e outros que foram publicados na revista Guanabara. No entanto, sua maior e mais relevante produção iconográfica relacionada à botânica está na sua Flora Cearense, um manuscrito de valioso valor estético e histórico
Abstract: This thesis refers to the iconography of the Scientific Exploration Commission sent to Ceará, from 1859 until 1861, by D.Pedro II. The watercolors, drawings and lithographs of the expedition were produced in the work of the painter José Carvalho dos Reis, the poet Gonçalves Dias along with the naturalists Francisco Freire Alemão and Manoel Ferreira Lagos. Comparing the work of José dos Reis Carvalho with the aesthetic influences of his age, we will realize that, when addressing the issue of drought, he attempted to identify in Brazilian culture the proper elements of the local reality. As a scientific illustrator, but with a proper aesthetic standard, promoted in his works a historical character of social issues in his epoch and represented the Brazilian man conflict with the hostile landscape. Through articles and manuscripts on themes related to Ceará climate and culture, and literature acquired by the Scientific Exploration Commission, we delimited a documental research that was justified by the painter iconographical production turned into issue of drought and local culture. The poet Gonçalves Dias wrote an Indianism in which the identity of Brazilian people was reconstructed through the cultural remnants of Tupi and Tapuias ancient tribes. He allowed the birth of an ethnography scientific nature based on linguistic features, technology and aestheticism of these ancient people in the indigenous groups presented in his time. The artifacts he has collected in the Amazon were sent to the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro and they were lithographed by the Imperial Art Institute, which express the importance of these objects as iconographic documents related to the history of art and culture in Brazil. The botanist Francisco Freire Alemão and the zoologist Manoel Ferreira Lagos, beyond promoting the identification and classification of several biodiversity species in Ceará, they produced visual records to inaugurate an illustrated bibliographical production in Brazil, which was still incipient at that. The interest of Freire Alemão, in applying the academic techniques of drawing, was expressed in his single drawing of villages and plants present in the National Library and others that were published in Guanabara. However, his greatest and most relevant iconographic production related to botany is in his Flora of Ceará, a manuscript of valuable historical and aesthetic value
Doutorado
Historia da Arte
Doutor em História
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Cronje, Gillian Charles. "Pulmonary tuberculosis in England and Wales, 1851-1910." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338487.
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Hill, Rosemary. "Antiquaries in the Age of Romanticism, 1789-1851." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2011. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/2680.
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The thesis concentrates on the work of fourteen antiquaries active in the period from the French Revolution to the Great Exhibition in England, Scotland and France. I have used a combination of the antiquaries’ published works, which cover, among other subjects, architecture, topography, costume history, Shakespeare and the history of furniture, alongside their private papers to develop an account of that lived engagement with the past which characterised the romantic period. It ends with the growing professionalisation and specialisation of historical studies in the mid-nineteenth century which left little room for the self-generating, essentially romantic antiquarian enterprise. In so far as this subject has been considered at all it has been in the context of what has come to be called ‘the invention of tradition’. It is true that the romantic engagement with history as narrative led to some elaboration of the facts, while the newness of the enterprise laid it open to mistakes. I have not ignored this. The restoration of the Bayeux Tapestry, the forged tartans of the Sobieski Stuarts and the creation of Shakespeare’s Birthplace are all considered. Overall, however, I have been concerned not to debunk but as it were to ‘rebunk’, to see the antiquaries in their historical context and, as far as possible, in their own terms.
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Ahlsén, Camilla. "Herrgårdspigor på vallonbruk år 1851-1880 : En studie över de pigor som blev städslade på Lövstabruks och Österbybruks herrgårdar år 1851-1880." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ekonomisk-historiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-144274.
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You, Xuesheng. "Women's employment in England and Wales, 1851-1911." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/283968.
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Geilman, Douglas James. "The Etoile Du Deseret: Portrait of the French Mission, 1851-1852." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2005. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4713.
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One of John Taylor's most significant achievements during his mission to France, 1849-1851, was the publication of a French-language Latter-day Saint periodical, the Etoile du Déséret. Appearing in twelve issues from May 1851 to December 1852, the Etoile served a variety of functions for the earliest missionaries and members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in France. A study of its historical context and of its contents allows readers a glimpse into the circumstances under which the missionaries labored and into the needs of the growing Church. Furthermore, the Etoile provides a vivid example of John Taylor's spiritual leadership, proselytizing methods, and preaching skills.The French Mission was established in 1850, three years after the arrival of the Latter-day Saints in the Salt Lake Valley and two years after a revolution had removed the French monarchy from power and instituted a republic. Although civilization was just taking root in the Great Basin, several members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles departed on foreign missions in the fall of 1849, including John Taylor. Elder Taylor, his companion Curtis E. Bolton, and early convert Louis A. Bertrand took advantage of the liberties granted in the French constitution of 1848 in order to inaugurate their publication. The periodical allowed them to spread their message farther than they could have otherwise, since their proselytizing was limited by governmental restrictions and Taylor's difficulties in speaking French.The contents of the Etoile du Déséret reveal that the missionaries used their periodical to introduce Latter-day Saint doctrine and news to readers, in addition to communicating with and instructing fledgling members of the Church. Historical details included in the text allow contemporary readers to create a timeline of events in the early French Mission, such as the establishment of a new branch and the publication of the Book of Mormon in French.This thesis contends that the twelve issues of the Etoile du Déséret considered together reveal a systematic preaching method in John Taylor's writings, personal and spiritual growth on the part of the men who worked on the publication, and the situation of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints during its earliest years in France.
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Betta, Chiara. "Silas Aaron Hardoon (1851-1931) : marginality and adaptation in Shanghai." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264713.
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Weatherall, Mark. "Scientific medicine and the medical sciences in Cambridge, 1851-1939." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272550.
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Sjösten, Andreas. ""Jernvägsfrågan" : Om det offentliga samtalet kring järnvägar i Sverige 1851." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-67006.
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Despite a situation of poor state finances 1848 marks the starting point of Sweden’s railroad history, as this is year when the country’s first railroad was proposed and approved in parliament. Not sufficient funds for the project was raised though, and a new motion was raised in parliament in 1851 with improved financial support from the state. This caused an intense debate which is the main subject of this essay. By analyzing the public discussion regarding railroads, as expressed in news media, during 1851 this essay aims to analyze the discussions about railroads in search of the 19th century’s overarching themes of modernity and nationalism. These terms are to be understood as rhetorical expressions, in accordance with Aguiars and Andersons interpretation of the terms. The performed analysis displays how nationalism is a theme present in both sides of the debate in 1851, though in different ways. Those skeptical of the planned railroad line argues about the nation being tricked into embarking on an expensive project that will never be financially viable by bought foreign interest. Those in favor argues rather that the project will bind together a fragmented Sweden into one nation. Arguments involving modernity though, are just to be found amongst those in favor. Here we find arguments about the promises that the future holds with railroads connecting the swedes and a pervasive optimism regarding the future. Less concern is displayed to current day problems, other than how it might threaten future railroad expansions.
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Rodell, Jonathan Michael. "The appeal of Methodism(s) in Bedfordshire 1736-1851." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609028.
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Downum, Christian Eric. "'One grand history': A critical review of Flagstaff archaeology, 1851 to 1988." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184630.
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The history of archaeological research in the Flagstaff area since 1851 is reviewed. The thesis of this study is that critical analysis of archaeological history can yield significant insights into both the process and the products of archaeological research. These insights in turn may lead to conclusions about the general nature of intellectual disputes and transitions in archaeology, and the validity of particular reconstructions and explanations of prehistoric behavior. The history of archaeological research in the Flagstaff area is broken into nine major divisions, each of which is separated by a significant intellectual or institutional transition. Particular attention is devoted to historical analysis of the period immediately before World War II, when the fundamental concepts and methods of Flagstaff archaeology were developed by Harold Colton and his associates at the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA). These developments took place during a remarkably prolific period of archaeological investigation designed to disclose a prehistoric sequence of occupation conceived by MNA workers as "one grand history" of the Hopi people. It is argued, on the basis of the historical review, that Flagstaff archaeology, in its specific examples, indeed reveals much about the nature of intellectual disputes and transitions in American archaeology, and demonstrates that knowledge of the prehistoric past can indeed be cumulative. The study concludes with specific recommendations for improving such knowledge in the Flagstaff area, particularly for the issues of chronology and ceramic taxonomy.
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Dias, Evandro Pereira. "Política e democracia em Steban Echeverría (1830-1851) /." Franca : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93220.
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Orientador: Teresa Maria MalatianBanca: Fabiana de Souza Fredrigo
Banca: Marcos Sorrilha Pinheiro
Resumo: Através desta pesquisa, buscou-se realizar uma análise da concepção de democracia desenvolvida pelo intelectual argentino Esteban Echeverría, utilizando como fonte principal um manifesto político publicado em 1839 com o título de Código o Declaración de los Principios que Constituyen la Creencia Social de la República Argentina. Sua segunda edição, publicada em 1846, recebeu o nome pelo qual ficou mais conhecido, Dogma Socialista de la Asociación de Mayo ou simplesmente Dogma Socialista. Este manifesto traz os princípios políticos referentes ao pensamento democrático do autor e dos integrantes de seu grupo, a "geração de 1837". As concepções deste autor foram analisadas em uma perspectiva de compreensão das estruturas de sociabilidade de suas idéias, ou seja, pretendeu-se contextualizá-las no processo de circulação de um ideário político comum ao referido grupo. Todos esses elementos estão relacionados ao contexto político, social e cultural do início do século XIX na América, mais especificamente na Argentina, em meio aos debates e lutas do período pós-independência.
Abstract: Through this research, we attempted to perform an analysis of the intellectual conception of democracy developed by Argentine Esteban Echeverría, using as a main source political manifest published in 1839 under the title Código o Declaración de los Princípios que Constituyen la Creencia Social de la República Argentina. His second edition, published in 1846, received the name which he became best known, Dogma Socialista de la Associación de Mayo or just Dogma Socialista. This manifest has the political principles for the democratic thinking of the author and members of his group, the "generation of 1837". The conceptions of his author have been analyzed from the perspective of understanding the structures of sociability from their ideas, or were intended to contextualize them in the progress of circulation of a common political ideal to the group. All these elements are related to political, social and cultural life of early nineteenth century in America, specifically Argentine, amid the debates and struggles of the post-independence period.
Mestre
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Lane, Joseph Peter. "Networks, innovation and knowledge : the North Staffordshire Potteries, 1750-1851." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3702/.
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During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the industrial district of the North Staffordshire Potteries dominated the British earthenware industry, producing local goods that sold in global markets. Over this time the region experienced consistent growth in output, an extreme spatial concentration of physical and human capital, and became home to some of the most famous Master Potters in the world. The Potteries was also characterised by a growing body of useful and practical knowledge about the materials, processes and skills required to produce world-leading earthenware. This thesis exploits this striking example of a highly concentrated and highly skilled craft-based industry during a period of sustained growth and development which offers a rich opportunity to contribute to several strands of economic and business history. This thesis presents and analyses new empirical evidence based on trade directories to examine the organisational evolution of the district. It reconstructs the district at the firm level, showing that the region’s growth was incredibly dynamic. The spatial concentration of producers and the importance of social and business networks are also explored through a new map of the region in 1802 and social network analysis. As a study of a craft-based, highly skilled industry without a legacy of formal institutions such as guilds to govern and protect access to knowledge, this thesis also offers substantial empirical and historiographical contributions to the study of knowledge and innovation during the period of the Industrial Revolution. It presents a new database of pottery patents alongside a variety of qualitative evidence such as trade literature, exhibition catalogues, advertisements and sales catalogues. Quantitative and qualitative analysis reveals the low propensity to patent in the North Staffordshire pottery industry, and provides a new typology of knowledge used in the industry. It argues that the types of knowledge being created and disseminated influenced the behaviour of producers substantially, and this typology of knowledge is far more complex than those established tacit/explicit divisions favoured in historical study and the social sciences more broadly. The findings of this thesis allow us to answer numerous outstanding questions concerning the development of the North Staffordshire Potteries during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. When brought together in such a way, the complementary strands of research and findings presented offer a coherent narrative of an extremely complex and dynamic cluster of production that both challenges and confirms traditional historiographical tradition concerning industrial districts.
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Hausmann, Stephen Robert. "Inventing Indian Country: Race and Environment in the Black Hills Region, 1851-1981." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/601514.
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HistoryPh.D.
In 1972, a flood tore through Rapid City, South Dakota, killing 238 people. Many whose lives and homes were destroyed lived in a predominately Native American neighborhood known as “Osh Kosh Camp.” This dissertation asks: why did those people lived in that neighborhood at that time? The answer lies at the intersection of the histories of race and environment in the American West. In the Black Hills region, white Americans racialized certain spaces under the conceptual framework of Indian Country as part of the process of American conquest on the northern plains beginning in the mid-nineteenth century. The American project of racializing Western spaces erased Indians from histories of Rapid City, a process most obviously apparent in the construction of Mount Rushmore as a tourist attraction. Despite this attempted erasure, Indians continued to live and work in the city and throughout the Black Hills. In Rapid City, rampant discrimination forced Native Americans in Rapid City to live in neighborhoods cut off from city services, including Osh Kosh Camp After the flood, activists retook the Indian Country concept as a tool of protest. This dissertation claims that environment and race must be understood together in the American West.
Temple University--Theses
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Yan, Xun. "In search of power and credibility : essays on Chinese monetary history (1851-1945)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3307/.
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In many respects, the mid-nineteenth century marks the beginning of China’s modern history: the Opium War (1839-42) and domestic turbulence compelled Chinese statesmen to realise that the old state apparatus was no longer able to cope with the changing world. However the pursuit of greater state capacity collided with a feeble ability to raise taxes and an ancient monetary system far from being unified. How did the government carry out even limited alterations to the monetary system in times of urgent fiscal need? And how did the monetary evolution proceed with these partial reforms? This thesis focuses on the movement of the Chinese monetary system from a traditional metallic system to a modern fiat money system, and discusses three issues during different phases of the transition. The first part re-examines the case of ‘Xianfeng inflation’ (1853-61) when the government attempted to issue new monies to resolve the crisis in public finances. It points out that under the traditional commodity money system the government had little impact on money supply, and that the so-called inflation was an outcome of coinage debasement combined with a banking crisis resulting from the debt default. The second part focuses on the introduction of modern coinage minted with steam power around the 1900s, enabling the government to supply credible monies that no longer relied on their intrinsic metallic values. It argues that this technological innovation allowed the Chinese government for the first time to implement effective monetary manipulation and exert an impact on the rural economy. The third part investigates the behaviour of money holders during a war. It compares the velocities of paper notes issued in Free China and Occupied China during the Second World War (1937-45) and demonstrates that the credibility of the monies depends most on people’s expectations about the survival of the regime. The transition from a traditional to a modern currency system is a search for a new monetary credibility that had formerly lain within the value of the metal. The evolution of the Chinese monetary system illustrates vividly the constant state struggle between monetary credibility – via coercion, technology, or legitimacy – and its pocket gain, when the fiscal soundness is at stake.
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Christmas, Evelyn A. "The growth of Gloucester 1820-1851 : tradition and innovation in a county town." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/8998.
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This study examines the extent to which innovative forces altered Gloucester's character in the period 1820-1851, a time of accelerating change. The analysis is developed at three inter-related levels: the town itself, its regional functions and its more distant relationships. Some comparisons with other middle ranking county towns contribute to the assessment of Gloucester's experience. The growth of Cheltenham and the Gloucester Berkeley Canal were major factors. The opening chapters consider firstly the town's sphere of influence and wider regional connections, its main physical features and development and lastly, the growth of its population and the character of its occupational structure. The next four chapters are concerned with key sectors of the urban economy, beginning with the markets and inns. Then follow the more dynamic sectors which comprised the retailers of the central shopping area, mercantile and related interests dependent on shipping and lastly that of the professions, in particular law, medicine and banking. The eighth chapter establishes the relationship between these sectors, the urban population more generally and the city corporation, and the influence of its traditions. The 1851 Census Enumerators' Returns and the leading local newspaper were the principal documentary sources for the study, extensively amplified by local directories and municipal records. Much additional material came from wills and probate valuations, parish and business records. While occupational patterns and institutional functions changed slowly, the most vigorous growth occurred in mercantile activity. This was the main catalyst for developments in industry, railway construction and banking. Newcomers to the town were prominent among leading promoters. The greater economic strength more than compensated for losses to Cheltenham. It enhanced the city's regional importance, developed closer ties with Birmingham and enlarged its distant connections in this country and abroad.
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Almeida, Pedro Tavares de 1956. "A construção do Estado Liberal-elite política e burocracia na "Regeneração" (1851-1890)." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UNL-Universidade Nova de Lisboa -- FCSH-Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, 1995. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30994.
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Beckett, Gordon W. Economics Australian School of Business UNSW. "The Government store is open for business: A review of the Commisariat in Colonia NSW 1788-1835." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Economics, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40562.
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The commissariat was the main economic drivers in the colonial economy between 1788 and 1835. It is not frequently discussed in the literature and it was Professor N. G. Butlin who challenged economic historians to write the story of the commissariat in operation. This thesis relates the story of the role and operations of the commissariat in colonial NSW. The commissariat filled many roles, ranging from government store, to financial services provider and a quasi-treasury. It was the main purchaser of local production from local settlers, and offered a novel and creative 'barter system' by exchanging store receipts for goods and services received from local settlers
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Skinner, J. "Republicanism and royalism : The conflicting traditions of peasant politics in the department of the Vaucluse, 1789-1851." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234463.
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Piassini, Carlos Eduardo. "A participação política de imigrantes germânicos no Rio Grande do Sul: os Brummer Kahlden, Haensel, Koseritz e ter Brüggen, 1851-1881." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/12326.
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This study, integrated to researches in developing at the research area "Border, Politics and Society" of the Master's Graduate Program in History at the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (PPGH-UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, counting with assistance of CAPES/DS, aimed to investigate the forms of political participation of the German immigrants Karl von Koseritz, Frederico Haensel, Karl von Kahlden and Whilhelm ter Brüggen during the second half of the nineteenth century, in Rio Grande do Sul, during which one was still very restricted the participation of immigrants in the official political life on account the limitations imposed by the electoral legislation from century XIX and restrictions linked to income. These characters were selected because of two common elements between them: were the first group of foreign of Germanic origin that reach the office of Provincial Deputy in Rio Grande do Sul in the 1880's, and composed the mercenary troops of Brummer contracted in 1851 to act with the Brazilian Imperial Force in the War against Oribe and Rosas (1851-1852). The time frame was defined taking into account the year of 1851 as a landmark of the arrival in Brazil of the investigated characters, and the year of 1881 as the enactment of the Saraiva Law, which expanded the political participation of foreigns in elective office. The study was realized by investigation of participation of these four individuals in different social spaces in which they circulated. The political and life trajectories of they showed similarities. Thus, they formed a group with great specificity who served in public office, in Freemasonry, in recreational and charities associations, in trade and in press. The main attention was paid to public office who they exercised. Karl von Kahlden as Director Colonial, Frederico Haensel as Vice Consul of Prussia, Karl von Koseritz as Interpreter Colonization Agent and Wilhelm ter Brüggen as Consul of Prussia.O presente estudo, integrado aos trabalhos em desenvolvimento na linha de pesquisa “Fronteira, Política e Sociedade” do Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (PPGH-UFSM), Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, contando com auxílio de bolsa CAPES/DS, teve como objetivo investigar as formas de participação política dos imigrantes germânicos Karl von Koseritz, Frederico Haensel, Karl von Kahlden e Whilhelm ter Brüggen durante a segunda metade do século XIX, no Rio Grande do Sul, período no qual ainda era muito restrita a participação de imigrantes na vida política oficial frente as limitações impostas pela legislação eleitoral vigente no séc. XIX e por conta de restrições ligadas a renda. Os referidos personagens foram selecionados devido a dois elementos em comum entre eles: constituíram o primeiro grupo de estrangeiros de origem germânica a alcançar o cargo de Deputado Provincial no Rio Grande do Sul na década de 1880, e compuseram as tropas mercenários dos Brummer contratadas em 1851 para atuarem junto à força imperial brasileira na Guerra contra Oribe e Rosas (1851-1852). O recorte temporal foi delimitado tendo em conta o ano de 1851 como marco da chegada ao Brasil dos personagens investigados, e o ano de 1881 como a promulgação da Lei Saraiva, que ampliou a participação política de estrangeiros em cargos eletivos. O estudo foi realizado através da investigação da participação desses quatro indivíduos nos diversos espaços sociais nos quais circularam. As trajetórias políticas e de vida deles apresentaram semelhanças. Assim, constituíram um grupo com grande especificidade que atuou em empregos públicos, na maçonaria, em associações recreativas e de beneficência, no comércio e na imprensa. A atenção principal foi dada aos cargos públicos que exerceram. Temos Karl von Kahlden como Diretor Colonial, Frederico Haensel como Vice-Cônsul da Prússia, Karl von Koseritz como Agente Intérprete da Colonização e Wilhelm ter Brüggen como Cônsul da Prússia.
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Manly, Susan. "Authorized language : theories of language and questions of authority (1786-1851)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307353.
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MacKinnon, Robert Alexander. "The historical geography of agriculture in Nova Scotia, 1851-1951." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31042.
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This thesis examines the changing geography of agriculture in Nova Scotia between 1851 and 1951. Its aims are to establish and explain the patterns of farm settlement and agricultural production in Nova Scotia during a century of enormous change. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the economy and society of Nova Scotia became closely integrated with those of the rest of continental North America. Improvements in ocean and inland transportation reduced the time and costs of movement over vast distances, and changing aspirations and opportunities accompanied the shift from a predominantly rural to a predominantly urban society. Particular attention is devoted to the influences on agriculture of these changes. Three settlement zones are identified — fishing, lumbering and farming — and patterns of farm production and trade are examined in three time eras: the 1850s, the 1890s and the- 1940s. Representative farming districts and sample farms are examined to illustrate how regional patterns manifested themselves at the community and farmstead scales.
Although mixed farming emphasizing livestock production prevailed in most districts of Nova Scotia during the century under investigation, agricultural holdings varied enormously in size, market orientation and crop and livestock mix in all three settlement zones. In the mid-nineteenth century few districts in the fishing and lumbering zones produced agricultural surpluses; indeed most failed to produce enough food to feed their populations. Agricultural production was concentrated in a farming zone that stretched across Nova Scotia's northern tier of counties, and small zones of specialty production were already visible in the landscape (potatoes in the Annapolis-Cornwallis Valley, wheat and grains in Pictou and Sydney/Antigonish Counties). Farm surpluses entered the small domestic markets of the colony, or they were exported to New England and to nearby colonies which were more dependent on fish and timber than was Nova Scotia (Newfoundland, Saint Pierre and New Brunswick). Agriculture contributed to provincial exports at a level similar to that of forestry and three times that of mining.
Between 1851 and 1891 the number of farms in Nova Scotia doubled to 60,122, and the amount of improved land increased by 240 per cent (to almost 2,000,000 acres). By the 1890s Nova Scotia's fishing and lumbering zones were far more self-sufficient in agricultural products than four decades earlier, and some hardscrabble commercial farms were regularly supplying the mines and woodworking establishments that had been established in these zones. In the farming zone new specialty products appeared (apples in the Annapolis-Cornwallis Valley, milk and cream in the districts of Hants and Colchester Counties close to railway lines), farmers continued to contribute to provincial exports at a level similar to that in the mid-nineteenth century (even though total trade had expanded considerably between 1851 and 1891), and due to the growth of the province's urban system during the last quarter of the nineteenth century the domestic market was a more important outlet for provincial farm surpluses than had been the case in the mid-nineteenth century. However, as a consequence of growing interregional connectivity Nova Scotian farmers were experiencing stiff competition from distant, well-endowed agricultural regions in local and external markets and farm families adjusted their operations to the changed circumstances. Dairying, fruit and poultry farming expanded while the production of beef cattle, sheep, potatoes and most grains declined. Marginal operations were abandoned.
Between 1891 and 1941 the number of farms in Nova Scotia fell by almost half and a larger proportion of the 24,000 farms remaining in the province in 1951 (25 per cent fewer than in 1851) were "subsistence", "part-time" or "idle" operations than in the nineteenth century. Nonetheless, the gross value of agricultural production remained remarkably stable during this period despite declines in farms and farmland. Remaining commercial farms were more capital-intensive and specialized than in the nineteenth century and they were more concentrated in the central and western portions of the farming zone where the best soils and climatic conditions for agriculture were found. Peri-urban dairying zones encircled Nova Scotia's several urban/industrial regions. Although provincial farmers continued to contribute to exports in the twentieth century, by 1950 the relative position of agriculture in provincial exports had declined considerably, and the domestic markets were the most important outlets for surplus agricultural products. Yet Nova Scotian farmers supplied only about one-third of the food consumed in the province and the population remained dependent upon distant agricultural regions.
This is essentially a case study of one important segment of Maritime Canada. However, it demonstrates a process of rural change that was repeated in nearby New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, and in parts of New England, Quebec and Ontario. Changes in the efficiency of ocean and inland transportation in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries transformed the costs of transporting food from distant regions and the resulting interregional competition in domestic and external markets forced adjustments on farms in all of these areas. In general, as interregional competition increased, there was a gradual shift from the production of high bulk, non-perishable commodities for export to perishable, low bulk, high value commodities for sale in local markets. Distant specialty production regions — in Western Canada, the United States, New Zealand, Australia, and Central and South America - became the principal sources of supply of many agricultural staples for consumers all along the eastern fringe of the North American continent, and rural outmigration and farmland abandonment accompanied rising farm productivity and agricultural specialization in nearby agricultural regions. As the twentieth century wore on, farms in Nova Scotia increasingly concentrated on products that retained a competitive advantage in domestic markets because of their perishability (fluid milk, cream, poultry eggs, market garden vegetables, apples and berries). This cycle of agricultural expansion in the nineteenth century, followed by a rapid loss of farms and farmland in the twentieth century, and the increasing concentration of capital-intensive, specialized farming in a few nodes with physiographic or market advantages over distant producing regions, was common to many long-settled agricultural regions in eastern North America.Arts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
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Dale, Andrea. "Wrestling with a fine woman : the history of postgraduate education in Australia, 1851-1993." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd139.pdf.
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Errata pasted onto front fly leaf. Bibliography: leaves 329-355. Studies the expansion of postgraduate education in Australia, particularly the research degree. Analyses the credentialling role of the postgraduate degree and the influence of overseas models of postgraduate education. Argues that the changing relationship between the state, the universities and the research sector has had a strong impact on the postgraduate sector.
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Baveystock, Freddie. "The romance of nationalism : the authority of history in American literary culture 1809-1851." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307423.
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Dias, Evandro Pereira [UNESP]. "Política e democracia em Steban Echeverría (1830-1851)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93220.
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Através desta pesquisa, buscou-se realizar uma análise da concepção de democracia desenvolvida pelo intelectual argentino Esteban Echeverría, utilizando como fonte principal um manifesto político publicado em 1839 com o título de Código o Declaración de los Principios que Constituyen la Creencia Social de la República Argentina. Sua segunda edição, publicada em 1846, recebeu o nome pelo qual ficou mais conhecido, Dogma Socialista de la Asociación de Mayo ou simplesmente Dogma Socialista. Este manifesto traz os princípios políticos referentes ao pensamento democrático do autor e dos integrantes de seu grupo, a “geração de 1837”. As concepções deste autor foram analisadas em uma perspectiva de compreensão das estruturas de sociabilidade de suas idéias, ou seja, pretendeu-se contextualizá-las no processo de circulação de um ideário político comum ao referido grupo. Todos esses elementos estão relacionados ao contexto político, social e cultural do início do século XIX na América, mais especificamente na Argentina, em meio aos debates e lutas do período pós-independência.
Through this research, we attempted to perform an analysis of the intellectual conception of democracy developed by Argentine Esteban Echeverría, using as a main source political manifest published in 1839 under the title Código o Declaración de los Princípios que Constituyen la Creencia Social de la República Argentina. His second edition, published in 1846, received the name which he became best known, Dogma Socialista de la Associación de Mayo or just Dogma Socialista. This manifest has the political principles for the democratic thinking of the author and members of his group, the “generation of 1837”. The conceptions of his author have been analyzed from the perspective of understanding the structures of sociability from their ideas, or were intended to contextualize them in the progress of circulation of a common political ideal to the group. All these elements are related to political, social and cultural life of early nineteenth century in America, specifically Argentine, amid the debates and struggles of the post-independence period.
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Miskell, Peter. "Pulpits, coal pits and fleapits : a social history of the cinema in Wales, 1918-1851." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425996.
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Morel, Thomas. "Mathématiques et politiques scientifiques en Saxe (1765-1851) : institutions, acteurs et enseignements." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906064.
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L'objet de ce travail est d'étudier les évolutions des mathématiques dans l'État de Saxe entre 1765 et 1851. En analysant les transformations sociales et institutionnelles de la discipline, nous montrons que cette période, loin d'être une période creuse pour les mathématiques allemandes, est riche en réflexions sur leur rôle et leurs méthodes. Une attention particulière est portée aux réformes des institutions scientifiques et techniques dans lesquelles les mathématiques sont pratiquées, notamment les universités de Leipzig et Wittenberg, l'Académie des mines de Freiberg et l'École polytechnique de Dresde. Les archives des établissements, ainsi que l'étude biographique des mathématiciens, permettent d'analyser les politiques scientifiques engagées et leur influence sur le développement des sciences mathématiques en Saxe.
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Ashurst, Denis. "Worsbrough : change and continuity in the society, economy and buildings of a South Yorkshire township, 1600-1851." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3517/.
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Changes and continuities in the South Yorkshire township of Worsbrough are examined in detail, bringing together documentary, environmental and archaeological evidence in an analysis of the development of the township from a rural, mainly agricultural, community to one dominated by heavy industry in the mid-nineteenth century. This progression is viewed through the involvement of, and effects on, the whole range of Worsbrough society, placing the changes in a regional and national context. A review of the natural resources within the township boundaries considers both their potential for exploitation in establishing a successful settlement and the problems of communication which affected economic development. A brief review of the early history of Worsbrough establishes the manorial structure and the role of the church, important influences in the development of the township. Surveys of surviving early buildings in Worsbrough, many with related Probate Inventories, illustrate the changing fortunes of different levels ofsociety, providing a context for a review of the demographic changes throughout the period. The structure of the society is examined with statistical analysis of the composition and variability of the population. Aspects of social behaviour and control are investigated, including provision for the poor and sick, related to the activities of the church and manor officers. The economic structure of the, township is examined, emphasising the interaction of industry and agriculture, with particular reference to the stress generated in the community as Worsbrough developed into an industrialised urban township in the early nineteenth century.
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Vandervellen, Pascale. "La facture du piano dans les provinces belges des origines à 1851." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210716.
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L’étude fournit un panorama exhaustif de la facture du piano dans les provinces belges. Elle s’étend de 1761, année de la première référence écrite au piano, à 1851, date jalon marquée par l’industrialisation progressive des techniques et la standardisation des modèles. Entre ces deux dates, le dépouillement des almanachs permet de dénombrer plus d’une centaine de facteurs, majoritairement actifs à Bruxelles. Ils possèdent, suivant les registres des patentables, de petits ateliers. L’examen des instruments conservés montre que la production est de qualité. Elle relève à part entière de l’artisanat et est centrée sur les modèles domestiques – pianos carrés et pianos droits. En 1850, elle avoisine 1 750 instruments par an. Une cinquantaine de brevets d’invention liés au piano sont déposés. Ils témoignent, tout comme la participation croissante des facteurs aux expositions des produits de l’industrie, de la formidable énergie qui mobilise la facture du piano durant la période considérée.Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
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Coulombe, Catherine. ""Eire go bragh": Irlande éternelle? Étude et prosopographie des organisations communautaires irlandaises catholiques de Québec de 1851 à 1900." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28462.
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Les associations irlandaises catholiques de Québec développèrent un réseau social pour aider les immigrants à s'adapter à leur nouvelle terre d'accueil, établir leur identité et la conserver dans une ville majoritairement francophone. L'analyse des annuaires municipaux et des recensements canadiens de 1851 à 1900 permit d'en tracer le portrait des dirigeants et de suivre l'évolution de ces organisations en fonction des besoins de la communauté. Cette thèse étudie qualitativement les facteurs qui ont influencé les associations et fait la prosopographie des membres de leurs conseils d'administration. Il en ressort qu'une élite en devenir prit progressivement le contrôle du mouvement organisationnel. Elle chercha dans les premiers temps à gérer les problèmes issus de l'émigration, puis à protéger l'image de respectabilité de la communauté et enfm, à combler ses besoins culturels et sociaux, tandis que la notion d'identité irlandaise devenait de plus en plus symbolique.
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Vanke, Francesca Jane. "British cultural and aesthetic relationships with decorative arts of the Islamic Orient, with special reference to ceramics, 1851-1914." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299014.
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Atucha, Iñigo. "Histoire d’un historien des philosophies médiévales : vie et oeuvre de François Picavet (1851-1921)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040108.
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La biographie intellectuelle de François Picavet (1851-1921) fournit l’occasion d’explorer les débuts de l’histoire de la philosophie médiévale en tant que discipline institutionnalisée, en France, de 1880 à 1920. Figure oubliée du médiévisme philosophique, Picavet fut maître de conférence à l’EPHE (section des sciences religieuses) dès 1888, puis directeur d’études à partir de 1907, secrétaire du Collège de France en 1904 et chargé de cours en histoire des philosophies médiévales à la Faculté des lettres de la Sorbonne dès 1906.Le parcours académique de Picavet s’inscrit dans un contexte particulier, qui voit l’histoire de la philosophie médiévale s’implanter de façon structurée et stable dans l’enseignement supérieur français. De même que d’autres disciplines institutionnalisées, l’histoire de la philosophie médiévale tire profit de la nécessité d’une réforme profonde du système universitaire, articulée dans les sphères politiques et scientifiques dès les années 1860 puis prolongée sous l’impulsion de la IIIe République, et qui aboutit à l’émergence de nouvellesstructures institutionnelles dans l’enseignement supérieur français (fondation de l’EPHE en 1868, création de nouveaux enseignements à la Sorbonne, dont une charge de cours en histoire de la philosophie médiévale en 1906). L’historiographie originale de Picavet restreint la signification des questions philosophiques médiévales qui demeurent liées à leur contexte historique d’origine: chaque système philosophique est ainsi l’expression partielle d’une civilisation donnée, au même titre que les expressions scientifiques, artistiques et artisanales que celle-ci est en mesure de produire et qui la caractérisentThe intellectual biography of François Picavet (1851-1921) is an opportunity to explore the early days of the history of mediaeval philosophy as an institutionalised discipline in France from 1880 to 1920. A forgotten figure of the study of mediaeval philosophy, Picavet was a lecturer at EPHE (Religious Sciences department) from 1888 and director of studies from 1907, secretary of the Collège de France in 1904 and lecturer in the history of mediaeval philosophy at the Arts Faculty of the Sorbonne from 1906 onwards. Picavet’s academic career took place within a particular context in which the history of mediaeval philosophy came to be established in a structured and stable manner in French higher education. Like other institutionalised disciplines, the history of mediaeval philosophy benefited from the need for deep-seated reform of the university system, which was expressed in political and scientific circles from around 1860 and continued under the Third Republic, resulting in the emergence of new institutional structures in French higher education (the foundation of EPHE in 1868 and the creation of new courses at the Sorbonne, including a history of mediaeval philosophy course in 1906). Picavet’s original historiography confines the significance of mediaeval philosophical questions, which remain bound to the historical context in which they originated: thus, every philosophical system is the partial expression of a given civilisation, just like the scientific, artistic and craft related expressions which it produces and which characterise it
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Stewart, James Henderson. "Highland settlement evolution in West Perthshire : development and change in the parish of Balquhidder from the fifteenth century to 1851." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/570.
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This thesis is concerned with four leading ideas. These are continuity, persistence, discontinuity, and redundancy, as essential elements of the evolutionary process of human settlement. This requires a dynamic view of history, rather than a periodic one. The research, therefore, focussed upon one parish and traced its evolution from the middle ages into the nineteenth century. The thesis reviews evidence for origins of the social and settlement system before the fifteenth century. Internal local processes of change, and external forces, are examined. Modern theories of the antiquity and influence of great estates, and their subsidiary territorial units, upon the development of rural environments, are examined in relation to the development of land use, tenurial systemst and social organisation. Results indicate the persistence of ancient land divisions, and of cultural characteristics of communities, through periods of significant change. Demographic changes were very important driving forces in the evolutionary process. However, cultural traditions, handed down through generations, tended to inhibit changes, even in the face of economic necessity and land shortage. A destructive negative force operated within an expanding population, on a fixed area of land. The policy-making role of the superiors in the great estates was seen to act as a positive force. This first produced incremental changes which accommodated crises, and later more fundamental changes resulting in some discontinuity. The dissolution of the archaic system, and synthesis of a new one, took place in the early nineteenth century. Population increase was traced as early as the sixteenth century. Responses in estate management appeared by the early ei ghteenth century. The research combined evidence from documentary sources and field surveys. This thesis follows one special aspect of the results. Others remain to be examined. It is an open-ended presentation, intended as a base for further work, although complete within itself.
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Freed, Feather Crawford 1971. "Joel Poinsett and the Paradox of Imperial Republicanism: Chile, Mexico, and the Cherokee Nation, 1810-1841." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/7485.
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viii, 122 p.This thesis examines the intersection of republicanism and imperialism in the early nineteenth-century Americas. I focus primarily on Joel Roberts Poinsett, a United States ambassador and statesman, whose career provides a lens into the tensions inherent in a yeoman republic reliant on territorial expansion, yet predicated on the inclusive principles of liberty and virtue. During his diplomatic service in Chile in the 1810s and Mexico in the 1820s, I argue that Poinsett distinguished the character of the United States from that of European empires by actively fostering republican culture and institutions, while also pursuing an increasingly aggressive program of national self-interest. The imperial nature of Poinsett's ideology became pronounced as he pursued the annexation of Texas and the removal of the Cherokee Indians, requiring him to construct an exclusionary and racialized understanding of American republicanism.
Adviser: Carlos Aguirre
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Kleeberg, John Martin. "The Disconto-Gesellschaft and German industrialization : a critical examination of the career of a German universal bank 1851-1914." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:48874939-164a-4064-8473-3d08d1797559.
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This thesis uses the history of the Disconto-Gesellschaft to argue that the role of universal banks in fostering German industrialization was less than has previously been assumed. The archive of the Disconto-Gesellschaft is not currently accessible, so the thesis will use industrial archives to examine the bank's relations with industrial companies. After a discussion of the literature, a summary of other Disconto-Gesellschaft ventures shows that the Dortmunder Union was not an isolated disaster, but one among many. The thesis discusses the boom of 1867-1873 and. suggests it was engendered by a spate of railway building which fed into heavy industry. The next section recounts how the collapse of universal banks during financial crises led most countries outside Germany to separate commercial from investment banking either by law or by custom. The first chapter concludes with a discussion of how German industry raised capital. The second chapter discusses the origins of the Disconto- Gesellschaft; David Hansemann's introduction of a new corporate form, the Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien; the Disconto- Gesellschaft' s rise during the crisis of 1859, relations with competitors, internal structure and the character of its management and supervisory board. The third chapter treats the history of the Dortmunder Union, and the reasons for its failure. The fourth chapter discusses Krupp's difficulties in raising funds; how the Disconto-Gesellschaft coped with the problem of lending to two competing firms, Krupp and the Union; and management of this conflict through the rail cartel. The fifth chapter uses the correspondence of Kirdorf and Russell to discuss the coal industry's plight in the 1870's, and the reasons for the success of the Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks-Actien-Gesellschaft. The conclusion suggests that private banks were more successful in financing industry than universal banks like the Disconto-Gesellschaft because their great number meant that even a Krupp could find a private banker who believed in him, and because their narrow capital bases prevented them from keeping lame ducks alive.
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Barreto, Maria Renilda Nery. "A medicina luso-brasileira: instituições, médicos e populações enfermas em Salvador e Lisboa (1808 1851)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2005. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/6142.
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Previous issue date: 2005Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparado das instituições, dos saberes e das práticas médicas em Portugal e no Brasil na primeira metade do século XIX. Em Portugal, selecionamos como locus de investigação o Hospital São José, em Lisboa; e no Brasil, o Hospital São Cristóvão, localizado em Salvador - Bahia. Identificamos quais as ferramentas intelectuais utilizadas pelos médicos e cirurgiões para explicar e tratar dos doentes e seus males, questionando a visão corrente da historiografia acerca do atraso da medicina luso-brasileira, neste período; quando e por que estes hospitais, que nasceram associados à caridade e foram administrados pela Irmandade da Misericórdia, se transformaram em espaços de cura; e qual o perfil das populações que construíram o cotidiano destes nosocômios.(AU)
The main subject of the present work was to carry out a comparative study of institutions, medical knowledge and medical practices in Portugal and Brazil, in the first half of the nineteenth century. In Portugal, we selected as research focus the Hospital São José, in Lisbon; in Brazil, we chose the Hospital São Cristóvão, located in Salvador, Bahia. We found the intellectual tools that had been used by physicians and surgeons to explain and to treat sick people and their illnesses, and we questioned the current historiography vision about the “underdevelopment” the Portuguese and Brazilian medicines. We studied also when and why these Hospitals, who were associated to charity when they had been created, became cure spaces, and we described the people who had built the everyday life of the hospitals.
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Wesley, Cindy K. "The Pietist theology and ethnic mission of the General Conference German Baptists in North America, 1851-1920 /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37854.
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Organized in the nineteenth century, the General Conference of German Baptists was primarily a North American denominational body that adopted the polity of the American Baptists to build religious communities of converts of German ethnic background. From 1851 to 1920, the General Conference of German Baptists resisted institutional unity with the larger English-speaking bodies. Instead, it developed an ethnic mission with the financial aid of the American Baptist Home Mission Society. With time the German church membership became more Americanized in language and habits. The external pressure to assimilate increased. Yet, the German Baptist leadership moved away from complete Americanization of the churches and sought to preserve the distinct Pietist theological basis and ethnic mission of the Conference. The General Conference of German Baptists embraced institutional independence beginning in 1920 with the dissolution of the Cooperative Agreement that bound the mission of the German Baptists, the ABHMS, and the Baptist Union of Western Canada.
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Walker, Jon Jeffrey. "The Intellectual Grounding of the San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1851." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1277.
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Vigilantism has a long history in the United States stretching back to the Regulator movement in South Carolina in 1767. These extralegal movements are distinguished from spontaneous and ephemeral mob activity by their regular organization and limited life-span. The San Francisco Committee of Vigilance of 1856 was the largest vigilante movement in American history. After a summer of vigilantism that included four hangings, the committee turned to politics and formed the People’s Party which dominated San Francisco's city government for the next decade. The 1856 committee is generally considered the great exemplar of American vigilantism and has received considerable attention from scholars. San Francisco’s 1856 vigilance committee regarded itself as a reorganization of that city's 1851 Committee of Vigilance. Like its more illustrious offspring, the 1851 committee hanged four men and banished many others. The vigilantes of 1851 did not, however, form a political party. Because of this some scholars have considered the work of the 1851 committee to be incomplete and have deemed it less worthy of attention than the committee of 1856. But in attempting to understand the intellectual grounding of San Francisco's vigilantes, this view is incorrect. The vigilantes in 1856 felt they were carrying on the work of the 1851 committee. Thus, to comprehend the events of 1856 it is necessary to understand the inspiration for the 1851 vigilance committee. The key to vigilantism in San Francisco lies in 1851. An understanding of the spirit which animates vigilantism is valuable because of what it reveals about American concepts of self-government. Vigilantes conceive of their their authority as springing from the same source as does that of the government: the people. San Francisco provides an extraordinary case for the study of notions about popular sovereignty in antebellum America. In order to make sense of what happened in San Francisco in 1851 this thesis first analyzes the political thought and philosophy that had developed in America to that time. It also examines the changing social ethos that came to emphasize equality. The two vigilance committees of San Francisco were a consummation of the political and social developments of antebellum America. I have relied on the extensive secondary literature for my interpretation. San Francisco in 1851 was in the midst of a singular episode in American history: the gold rush. The promise of riches made California the reification of the ideals of equality and opportunity that matured during the antebellum era. For the exploration of California and San Francisco I have used secondary sources and some primary sources, especially the Alta California, one of San Francisco’s newspapers. This reliance on the Alta was in part due to its availability. The attitudes toward vigilantism expressed by the 표L후르 were similar to other California newspapers. All of them supported the vigilantes in 1851. The episode of vigilantism in 1851 was a formative experience for the city of San Francisco. It served as an example of popular action and helped to define the limits of such action for the city's residents. The relationship between popular action and government was illuminated in San Francisco. Because of the way in which the people were endowed with power, they could create government and later defy that same government without destroying their creation.
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Romero-Valderrama, Ana. "La coalición pedracista : elecciones y rebeliones para una re-definición de la participación política en México (1826-1828)." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1905.
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The pedracista electoral coalition that was formed in Mexico during the 1828 presidential elections was deliberately ignored by the traditional historiography of the early national period. Instead it concentrated on the leaders of the liberal struggle, deeming this alliance unworthy of study. There were essentially two key reasons why this happened. On the one hand, General Manuel Gómez Pedraza (1789-1851) was not an archetypal liberal patriot in the mould of those heroes that were exalted and written about by Mexico’s Porfirian and PRIísta historians. His politics were associated with a certain ideological indeterminateness as a result of his moderate stance, proving problematic to historians who were intent on developing a liberal and subsequently post-revolutionary historia patria. On the other hand, the official historiography accepted, unquestioningly, the critical version of his actions that his opponents circulated at the time. As a result of this, the yorkino version of the events is the one that prevailed, casting Pedraza in the role of staunch anti-yorkino in a simplistic bipartisan vision of Mexican politics that depicted the political tensions of the time as a clear-cut confrontation between the pedracista aristocrats and the democratic yorkino followers of mulatto hero of the War of Independence, General Vicente Guerrero (1783-1831). This two-dimensional dichotomy has only recently started to be nuanced by the revisionist historiography of the last thirty years. This has been due, in great measure, to the fact that the traditional interpretation of the pedracista coalition posed a number of significant problems when attempting to understand the political behaviour of the people involved. Above all, it was an interpretation that proved incapable of explaining how such a variety of political tendencies, represented by those individuals who joined the alliance that backed Pedraza’s presidential candidacy, could have come together; i.e., anti-masonic groups, the imparciales, certain yorkinos and former escoceses. This thesis aims to explain what brought these individuals, whose political ideas were ostensibly incompatible, together, in what resulted in a particularly resourceful and successful electoral force. The pedracista coalition represented the first political formation in Mexico that came together specifically to win a presidential election. It was one which set out to bring an end to the political interference of Masonic societies in Mexico, and in particular, that of the Rite of York lodges. It also challenged the yorkinos’ electoral campaign by criticising their leader, Guerrero, and, by highlighting the negative aspects of their Masonic faction. It pointed out, moreover, the dangers inherent in a central administration led by guerrerista yorkinos and, in so doing, made clear the problems that were to be found in the political ideas these individuals stood for, depicting them as partisan, ignorant, and representative of the popular classes. The pedracista coalition argued that the presidency needed to go to someone who did not belong to any particular party, who was virtuous, who was renowned for being hard-working and energetic in government, and who belonged to the exclusive circles frequented by the “hombres de bien”. Given that Pedraza won the elections, it is evident that his coalition benefited from a constitutional structure that favoured his candidacy, gaining, at the same time, the public validation of the governmental authorities in place at the time. However, Pedraza’s candidacy was defeated by the armed mobilizations that ensued in the pronunciamientos pro-yorkino followers launched from October to November 1828, and was consequently eliminated from the political scene until late 1832 given that the leaders of the imparciales as well as Pedraza himself chose not to fight back or support a counter-revolution. During the electoral campaign, the pedracista coalition displayed, with astounding clarity, what it thought were the essential qualities a president needed to possess and, likewise presented a distinctive appreciation of how it thought the Mexican political class should behave. In this sense, the coalition’s views, captured in its votes, networks and press articles, offer a fascinating snapshot of what were the fundamental themes of the Mexican republic during its formative years as a nation-state, and how this ignored political grouping interpreted them. Of particular interest is the manner in which the pedracista coalition explored the ways in which political legitimacy, participation and representation were to be understood, defended, and systematised. By studying the pedracista coalition this thesis offers, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the nature and dynamics of Mexican politics in the mid-late 1820s, as experienced, discussed, and represented by the short-lasting yet effective alliance that was forged around the candidacy of Manuel Gómez Pedraza.
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Canavese, Filipe Germano [UNESP]. "O Testamento de Dona Balbina: um estudo de caso sobre escravidão e propriedade em Guarapuava (1851-1865)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93360.
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canavese_fg_me_assis.pdf: 356304 bytes, checksum: 0c87601d3bb789d86b5b297338c5463d (MD5)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Este trabalho pretende investigar e explicitar os elementos que compuseram o contexto das relações sociais no período escravista. Partindo da experiência singular da concessão de terras e liberdades para um grupo de escravos de Guarapuava, Paraná, a pesquisa procura demonstrar através das trajetórias de senhores e cativos como se operou a dinâmica de controle inerente ao sistema escravista na região analisada. A concepção sobre a liberdade dos escravos no período do Império é composto das mais variadas formas. Relatos de viajantes estrangeiros, jornais, discursos políticos, literatura e cartas de alforria alimentam o tema com as mais variadas perspectivas. Permite, com isso, uma constante produção historiográfica sobre as disputas, confrontos e negociações envolvendo senhores e escravos. O caso em questão tem como contexto o Paraná do século XIX. Anos antes do fluxo migratório europeu se intensificar na região e em um contexto econômico pautado no uso do trabalho escravo para o desenvolvimento da pecuária, escravos foram libertados após a morte de sua proprietária. A vontade senhorial está registrada no testamento de Balbina Francisca Siqueira, falecida em 1865, sem deixar herdeiros diretos. Procura-se refazer a trajetória dos escravos do momento em que suas liberdades foram concedidas, em 1851, até a morte da proprietária, cotejando outras fontes como registros de casamentos e de batismos e inventários post-mortem de proprietários de terras e escravos da então vila de Guarapuava, na recém emancipada Província do Paraná
This works aims to investigate and explicit the elements that composed the social relations context in the slavery period. From the single experience of the concession of land and freedom for a group of slaves of Guarapuava, Paraná, the research seeks to demonstrate, through the trajectories of slave owners and captives, how the dynamic of control inherent to the slavery system was operated in the analysed region. The conception on the freedom of slaves in the Empire period is composed of various forms. Reports of foreign travelers, newspapers, political speeches, literature and manumission letters feed the topic with the several perspectives. This allows, therefore, a constant historiographical production about the disputes, confronts and negotiations involving masters and slaves. The case in question has the nineteenth-century Paraná as context. Years before the European migration flux was intensified in the region and in an economic context based on the use of slave labor for the development of livestock, slaves were freed after the death of their owner. The wish of the master is registered in the will of Balbina Francisca Siqueira, who died in 1865 leaving no direct heirs. This works aims to remake the trajectory of the slaves when their freedoms were granted, in 1851, until the death of the owner, comparing other sources such as wedding and baptism records and postmortem inventories of land owners and slaves of the former town of Guarapuava, in the newly emancipated Province of Paraná
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Hubert, Ollivier. "Le rite institutionnalisé : la gestion des rites religieux par l'Église catholique du Québec, 1703-1851." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25422.pdf.
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Burton, David Raymond. "Sir Godfrey Lagden : colonial administrator." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001848.
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The thesis attempts to provide a chronological analysis of Lagden's colonial career between 1877 and 1907. The youngest son of a parish priest, Lagden received limited formal education and no military training. By a fortuitous set of circumstances, he was able, as a man on the spot, to attain high ranking posts in colonial administration. As a young man, he acquired considerable experience in the Transvaal, Egypt and the Gold Coast. However, blatant disobedience led to his dismissal from Colonial service. Fortunately for Lagden, Marshal Clarke, newly appointed Resident Commissioner of Basutoland, insisted on Lagden being appointed to his staff. Except for a brief stint in Swaziland, Lagden remained in Basutoland until 1900. With Clarke, Lagden played a prominent role in the implementation of the Imperial policy of securing the support of the Koena chiefs by allowing them to retain and consolidate their power and influence. Lagden became Resident Commissioner in Basutoland when Clarke was transferred to Zululand. He continued established policies and championed the Basotho cause by opposing the opening of Basutoland to prospectors and by stressing the industrious habits of the Basotho. His tactful and energetic handling of the rinderpest crisis reduced dramatic repercussions amongst the Basotho and enabled cooperative Koena chiefs to increase their economic and political leverage. Despite his reservations over Basotho loyalty, Lagden emerged from the South African War with an enhanced reputation as the Basotho remained loyal and energetically participated in the Imperial war effort. Largely because of his Basutoland experience, Lagden was appointed the Transvaal Commissioner of Native Affairs in 1901. He was responsible for regulating African labour supplies for the mines and delineation of African locations. His failure to procure sufficient labour and his defence of African rights earned Lagden much abusive settler condemnation. As chairman of the South African Native Affairs Commission, Lagden produced an uninspiring report conditioned by the labour shortage and his personal distaste for decisive action. Nevertheless, its advocacy of political and territorial segregation influenced successive Union governments.
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Pretorius, Christo. "Ds. Jac van Belkum (1851-1933) : Nestor van die Nederduitsch Hervormde Kerk van Afrika : 'n teologies-historiese studie (Afrikaans)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29051.
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Canavese, Filipe Germano. "O Testamento de Dona Balbina : um estudo de caso sobre escravidão e propriedade em Guarapuava (1851-1865) /." Assis : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93360.
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Orientador: Lúcia Helena Oliveira SilvaBanca: Wilton Carlos Lima da Silva
Banca: Sandra Rita Molina
Resumo: Este trabalho pretende investigar e explicitar os elementos que compuseram o contexto das relações sociais no período escravista. Partindo da experiência singular da concessão de terras e liberdades para um grupo de escravos de Guarapuava, Paraná, a pesquisa procura demonstrar através das trajetórias de senhores e cativos como se operou a dinâmica de controle inerente ao sistema escravista na região analisada. A concepção sobre a liberdade dos escravos no período do Império é composto das mais variadas formas. Relatos de viajantes estrangeiros, jornais, discursos políticos, literatura e cartas de alforria alimentam o tema com as mais variadas perspectivas. Permite, com isso, uma constante produção historiográfica sobre as disputas, confrontos e negociações envolvendo senhores e escravos. O caso em questão tem como contexto o Paraná do século XIX. Anos antes do fluxo migratório europeu se intensificar na região e em um contexto econômico pautado no uso do trabalho escravo para o desenvolvimento da pecuária, escravos foram libertados após a morte de sua proprietária. A vontade senhorial está registrada no testamento de Balbina Francisca Siqueira, falecida em 1865, sem deixar herdeiros diretos. Procura-se refazer a trajetória dos escravos do momento em que suas liberdades foram concedidas, em 1851, até a morte da proprietária, cotejando outras fontes como registros de casamentos e de batismos e inventários post-mortem de proprietários de terras e escravos da então vila de Guarapuava, na recém emancipada Província do Paraná
Abstract: This works aims to investigate and explicit the elements that composed the social relations context in the slavery period. From the single experience of the concession of land and freedom for a group of slaves of Guarapuava, Paraná, the research seeks to demonstrate, through the trajectories of slave owners and captives, how the dynamic of control inherent to the slavery system was operated in the analysed region. The conception on the freedom of slaves in the Empire period is composed of various forms. Reports of foreign travelers, newspapers, political speeches, literature and manumission letters feed the topic with the several perspectives. This allows, therefore, a constant historiographical production about the disputes, confronts and negotiations involving masters and slaves. The case in question has the nineteenth-century Paraná as context. Years before the European migration flux was intensified in the region and in an economic context based on the use of slave labor for the development of livestock, slaves were freed after the death of their owner. The wish of the master is registered in the will of Balbina Francisca Siqueira, who died in 1865 leaving no direct heirs. This works aims to remake the trajectory of the slaves when their freedoms were granted, in 1851, until the death of the owner, comparing other sources such as wedding and baptism records and postmortem inventories of land owners and slaves of the former town of Guarapuava, in the newly emancipated Province of Paraná
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