Journal articles on the topic 'Historical witness testimonies'
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1
Pleskaczyńska, Maria. "From the Experience to Bearing Witness; From the Authority to Trust. Testimony, Historical Truth and Trust in Contemporary Collective Memory." Philosophical Discourses 1 (2019): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/pd.2019.01.05.
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The last decades are the time of significant interest in the problem of witnesses and their testimonies, both in interdisciplinary discourse and practical activities and institutions. An important philosophical category of testimony, is gaining growing practical importance. New forms of collection and distribution of testimonies, significant increase of their quantity and release to the public discussion and a group of witnesses new participants, creates some new problems requiring reflection. The growing problem of institutionalization may disrupt the natural availability of bearing witness. Connecting testimonies with the historical truth and factual knowledge may lead to devaluation of testimonies and bearing witness. Ethics admits witnesses specific authority based on the personal experience and validity of the moral evaluations; this authority may explain who can (should) to bear witness. Meanwhile, the category of trust seems to explain the witnesses selection much better. The risk of numerous manipulations of testimonies is an important problem that has a negative impact on the reception of the social reception of testimonies and the situation of witnesses. In order to adequately respond to the experiences and needs of witnesses, an atmosphere of social trust should be build.
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Pérez Baquero, Rafael. "Witnessing Catastrophe." Studia Phaenomenologica 21 (2021): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studphaen2021219.
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This paper explores the contemporary phenomenological and psychoanalytical analyses of testimonies regarding traumatic historical events, with special attention to how such testimonies pose new challenges for the historiography of historical events in which witnesses participated. By exploring discussions on the memory of the Holocaust as well as the Spanish Civil War and Francoist repression, this paper addresses the extent to which the tensions and temporalities underlying the process of bearing witness to and giving testimony about traumatic historical events might reshape how their history is being told, written, and remembered.
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Wlodarski, Amy Lynn. "The Testimonial Aesthetics of Different Trains." Journal of the American Musicological Society 63, no. 1 (2010): 99–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2010.63.1.99.
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Often praised as an exceptional artistic response to the Holocaust, Steve Reich's Different Trains adopts a documentary approach to Holocaust representation in which Reich assembled short excerpts from three survivor testimonies and published transcriptions of their accounts in his libretto for the work. This article explores the consequences that arise when fragments from very emotional testimonies are recast as purportedly unmediated documentary. The authority attributed to this sort of historical narrative has come under scrutiny in the field of Holocaust studies, in which it is called “secondary witness”—an intellectual interpretation of survivor testimonies advanced without the author revealing his or her own subjective standpoint or scholarly agenda. I argue that Reich's use of the voices of the survivors, Paul, Rachel, and Rachella, constitutes a form of secondary witness. Analysis of the original sources reveals that as Reich worked with extracts from the testimonies, in some cases his composition took on the aesthetics of the original testimonies, yet in other cases, he altered meaning and tone and even misheard certain phrases, producing transcription errors that reframed key moments by substituting his account of the Holocaust for that of the primary witness. Such revelations prompt reevaluation of the moral and political success that has been claimed for Different Trains, since the compositional process could never have been as objective and self-effacing as Reich and his critics suggest.
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Morgan, Katalin Eszter. "How do traumatic Shoah-witness testimonies fit into German History Education?" Forum Pedagogiczne 8, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 273–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/fp.2018.1.18.
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This essay traces ways in which traumatic Shoah witness testimonies fit into German history curricula conceptually by highlighting the competencies with which pupils are meant to grasp the topic of National Socialism and the Holocaust. Such curricula are diverse and they keep the learning objectives and teaching methods pertaining to emotions, imagination and ethical dimensions - as relevant to the topic - abstractly vague. This poses certain challenges and opportunities for history teachers and pupils. One such opportunity is the incorporation of virtual video-graphed Shoah witness testimonies that by their nature are emotional as they narrate traumatic memories. The opportunity in such narrations lies in assigning the function of tertiary witnessing to pupils and this process is briefly described. The challenges of using such oral histories can be understood as those that clash with the non-discursively organised knowledge in pursuit of truth (verifiable facts) by means of what is traditionally considered historical evidence.
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Wein, Dorothee. "«Und man hat geträumt, man wird überleben, und man wird das alles erzählen.» Historisches Lernen mit der Online-Anwendung «Zeugen der Shoah» Titre Di." Didactica Historica 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/didacticahistorica.2019.005.01.131.long.
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At the end of the «Era of the Witness», valuable sources remain for education with video testimonies, which, however, require a different didactic approach than a live encounter with a survivor. The online application «Witnesses of the Shoah» developed at Freie Universität Berlin includes not only interview films, but contextual materials and interactive tasks. It serves as an example to show how the pedagogical use of video interviews in (school) education can be designed, which aspects of testimony are likely to be discussed in this context, how adolescents relate to the survivors’ reports, and in what sense this fosters their historical consciousness.
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Wein, Dorothee. "«Und man hat geträumt, man wird überleben, und man wird das alles erzählen.» Historisches Lernen mit der Online-Anwendung «Zeugen der Shoah» Titre Di." Didactica Historica 5, no. 1 (2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33055/didacticahistorica.2019.005.01.131.long.
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At the end of the «Era of the Witness», valuable sources remain for education with video testimonies, which, however, require a different didactic approach than a live encounter with a survivor. The online application «Witnesses of the Shoah» developed at Freie Universität Berlin includes not only interview films, but contextual materials and interactive tasks. It serves as an example to show how the pedagogical use of video interviews in (school) education can be designed, which aspects of testimony are likely to be discussed in this context, how adolescents relate to the survivors’ reports, and in what sense this fosters their historical consciousness.
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Carter-White, Richard. "Auschwitz, Ethics, and Testimony: Exposure to the Disaster." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d11207.
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Witness testimonies provide a singular challenge to historians of Auschwitz. Survivor accounts offer a privileged perspective on the world of the camp, yet as recent conceptual work has shown the performative structure of these texts exceeds and eludes this representational duty. The challenge for historians is that, given their privileged, ‘insider’ status, any equivocality regarding the content of witness testimonies provides space for Holocaust denial. This paper offers a critical reading of one historical strategy for meeting this challenge: Exposing witness accounts to an uncompromising criteria of evidentiality and plausibility, designed to test their representational quality as a means of preempting negationist attempts to manipulate ‘faulty’ accounts. Drawing on Lyotard, I argue that, even as this strategy succeeds in refuting individual cases of denial, by refusing to enter into dialogue with the language game of testimony, and, more importantly, by invalidating any attempt to do so, this strategy actually reiterates the tactics of those deniers it is designed to oppose, thus undermining its own important work. Rather than rejecting this historical approach, I argue that it is compromised only by an historiographical insistence on imposing this ‘evidential’ language game as universal and representational; if we conversely recognise its performative, nonrepresentational status, it is more equipped to refute denial and without making of testimony a collateral damage.
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Bećirević, Edina. "The Issue of Genocidal Intent and Denial of Genocide." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 24, no. 4 (August 10, 2010): 480–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325410377655.
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This article discusses the issue of special genocidal intent and, within it, the relevance of judicially established truths to the wider historical context. It suggests that genocide researchers should not rely only on verdicts—which either deny or confirm genocide— as historical truth but, rather, use the judicial process and trial evidence as signposts to direct their research. The author uses the case study of Serbian genocide against Bosnian Muslims from 1992 to 1995 to illustrate the failings of judicially established truths in determining wider historical truth. Wartime documentation, interviews with witnesses, and court transcripts are analyzed to illustrate how this wider truth is sometimes lost when focus on the importance of supporting documents is overshadowed by a final verdict. The case of Srebrenica is outlined to illustrate how documents used in trials, as well as witness testimonies, can contribute on their own to the understanding of historical truths. In this case, a selection of trial narratives and documents is used to examine not only if there was “special intent” among Serbian political leadership to exterminate Bosnian Muslims as early as 1992, but also to determine if international community representatives were aware of that intent and ignored it consciously.
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Maubach, Franka. "Świadek historii. Swobodne wspominanie a krytyka źródła historycznego – o ambiwalencji metody w zachodnioniemieckiej oral history około roku 1980." Wrocławski Rocznik Historii Mówionej 3 (October 30, 2013): 39–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26774/wrhm.41.
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Only recently has the contemporary witness become the subject of academic study. The emerging scholarship views this figure as belonging to a specific historical period, namely the post-Holocaust era. Today, the narrations of the contemporary witness are commonly understood as constructs, as stories developed synchronously in the course of the interview. The article takes a closer look at the formative period of the German Oral History studies around 1980, a field deeply informed by post-dictatorial sensibilities. It locates the figure of the contemporary witness, the interviewer and the interview methods employed within the historical context in which they emerged. Moreover, if we consider other Oral History approaches developed elsewhere and compare the German approach to Fritz Schütze’s narrative interview method for the social sciences, it can be identified as a genuinely historical, diachronically operating approach.
By letting the interviewees talk about their memories uninterrupted, they were encouraged to reflect on their lives as a whole. A the same time, pioneers of the field such as Lutz Niethammer and Alexander von Plato developed ways to verify the narrations’ plausibility and thus to evaluate the reliability of the interview as istorical source. This combination of empathy and skepticism, of unconditional interest in a person’s full life-story and its critical verification became the hallmark of German Oral history Studies, not least because emerged in a post-dictatorial society. Rather than studying memories as mere constructions of the past, they developed a methodology aimed at enabling historians to get access to the actual past experiences which they believed are contained in the retrospective testimonies of individual human beings.
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Sanyal, Debarati. "A Soccer Match in Auschwitz: Passing Culpability in Holocaust Criticism." Representations 79, no. 1 (2002): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2002.79.1.1.
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IT HAS BECOME SOMETHING of a commonplace in recent criticism to claim that the Holocaust inaugurates a ''crisis of representation.'' To read, understand, and transmit a historical trauma of this magnitude is to confront the boundaries of the thinkable and the sayable. This essay critically examines the emergence of a theoretical current that presents the Holocaust primarily as a trauma that - as trauma - opens up unlocatable and unrepresentable forms of knowledge. It argues that the overwhelming focus on trauma as an optic for viewing the Nazi genocide leads to a dangerous conflation of the differences between victims, executioners, witnesses (primary and secondary); between literal and metaphorical survival and culpability; and between historical event and metaphorical, transhistorical condition. For a generation that did not live through the Holocaust but encountered it as secondary witnesses, as readers and viewers of films and documentaries, a sense of metaphorical survival and second-hand guilt seems to be an inescapable condition of Holocaust reception. Theoretical approaches to representations and testimonies of the Holocaust, especially in the wake of deconstruction, increasingly rely on models of contamination, complicity, and trauma. Such models complicate not only the difference between victims and executioners within the camps, but also the differences between witnesses, bystanders, and successive generations of secondary witnesses. Primo Levi's description of a ''gray zone'' in the concentration camp (in The Drowned and the Saved) has played a crucial role in this recent focus on the traumatized culpability of the secondary witness. The ''gray zone'' describes situations that blurred and even dismantled the opposition between victims and executioners (as in the case of the Special Squads, or Sonderkommando s, composed primarily of Jewish prisoners working in the crematorium). This essay argues that Levi's ''gray zone'' is now deployed as a figure in the recent work of Giorgio Agamben, Cathy Caruth, and Shoshana Felman. Identifying proximities in their views of trauma and testimony, the essay shows how Levi's ''gray zone'' is transformed into an overarching metaphorical framework for thinking not only about the Holocaust, but more broadly, about history, subjectivity,and ethics in the fields of psychoanalysis, political philosophy, and literary criticism. This hypostasis of the ''gray zone'' not only erases the historical specificity of the Nazi genocide, but also subsumes the irreducibly distinct positions of victim, executioner, witness, accomplice, and proxy-witness under a general condition of traumatic complicity. The essay concludes with a paired reading of Albert Camus's La chute and Levi's The Drowned and the Saved, suggesting that Camus's novel, while often read as an exemplary testimony to historical trauma, instead stages some of the ethical and political problems of reading history through the optic of trauma.
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Sidky, Sean. "Critique Beyond Judgment: Exploring Testimony and Truth in the Classroom." Genocide Studies and Prevention 16, no. 2 (October 2022): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.16.2.1871.
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This essay offers a set of strategies for utilizing the words of survivors and of witnesses to genocide in the classroom. Including the voices of survivors and victims in our classroom conversations about genocide, its impact, representation, and the possibilities for its prevention is crucial to an ethical and wholistic pedagogy of genocide. Discussion of these events in the classroom often finds us confronting questions from students about truth, historical accuracy, authenticity, and authority. Addressing such questions requires careful framing that takes into account student assumptions and cultural discourses about memory and witnessing, as we work with students to develop a shared vocabulary that accounts both for the individual survivor or witness, as well as often invisible issues in the study of testimony such as technical presentation, editing, and genre. This paper argues for the importance of working with students to develop a critical classroom vocabulary for analyzing both written and audio-visual testimonies in the classroom. Drawing on a number of conversations and using examples from assignments developed by the participants in the 2021 Silberman Seminar, this essay explores and reflects on several classroom exercises and activities for using survivor testimony in the classroom, and for navigating the multiple kinds of truth that are implicated in testimony. Acknowledging and analyzing the construction of these testimonies allows students not only a deeper understanding of the survivor and their experiences, but also great insight into how testimony, as a genre, as text and media, and as a discourse, shapes our encounters with survivors and their memories.
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Hemkendreis, Anne. "Heroes in Miniature." Nordlit 49, no. 1 (June 22, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.6321.
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This paper examines the five different Thule postal stamps which circulated from 1935 to 1936 between the trading post of Thule (which is the Danish name for the settlement of Uummannaq in Northwest Greenland, today Thule Air Base) and the Cape York post office in Copenhagen. The images on the stamps not only concentrate and visualize the complex colonial history between Greenland and Denmark. Instead, they also dynamize and preserve historical power relations by making them physically and visually tangible to this day. The stamps bear witness to infra-structures of cultural exchange, which were strongly controlled by the Danish side. They are often overlooked testimonies of everyday communication and mark colonial relations as ongoing and still powerful forces. What is more, the stamps provide their own agency as cultural-creating forces which sheds a new light to the history of Western modernization and its heritage.
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Konopa, Łukasz. "Trzcianne – studium przypadku. Wojna polsko-polska o Żydów w relacjach świadków [Trzcianne – a case study. The Polish-Polish war over Jews in witness accounts]." Studia Litteraria et Historica, no. 5 (December 28, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/slh.2016.007.
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Trzcianne – a case study. The Polish-Polish war over Jews in witness accountsŁukasz Konopa endeavors to reconstruct the process of the annihilation of Trzcianne, a town where the Jewish population was dominant before 1939. This case study is based on ethnographic interviews conducted presently with members of the Wasilewski family, the Righteous among the Nations, who both witnessed and participated in the events. The paper also refers to the accounts presented after the war by the surviving Jews and witness testimonies given during the trial conducted in 1950–51 against a few Poles accused of murdering Jews. In the course of his analysis, the author reveals the silence and secrecy surrounding the fact that some Poles were involved in the murder of Jews whereas those who risked their lives to help Jews were punished by their Polish neighbors after the war. The shameful episodes in the past of a small town in the Podlasie region were deleted from the local historical discourse. Trzcianne – studium przypadku. Wojna polsko-polska o Żydów w relacjach świadkówAutor podejmuje próbę rekonstrukcji obrazu zagłady Trzciannego, miejscowości, której ogromną większość populacji przed 1939 rokiem stanowili Żydzi. Studium przypadku oparte jest na wywiadach etnograficznych, przeprowadzonych współcześnie z członkami rodziny państwa Wasilewskich – świadkami oraz uczestnikami wydarzeń, Sprawiedliwymi wśród Narodów Świata. Przywołane zostają również relacje złożone po wojnie przez ocalałych Żydów oraz zeznania świadków z procesu sądowego kilku Polaków oskarżonych o mordowanie Żydów, prowadzonego w latach 1950–1951. W toku analiz autor odsłania przemilczaną i ukrywaną społecznie prawdę, iż niektórzy Polacy brali udział w mordowaniu osób wyznania mojżeszowego. Natomiast ci, którzy z narażeniem życia pomagali Żydom, ponieśli po wojnie karę ze strony swoich polskich sąsiadów. Wstydliwe epizody z przeszłości małego, podlaskiego miasteczka zostały wyparte z lokalnego dyskursu historycznego.
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Petrović, Predrag. "Testimony of Eusebius of Caesarea on the origin of hellenic philosophy." Sabornost, no. 15 (2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/sabornost2115001p.
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Adjective Hellenic represents the usual national determinant for the overall philosophical thought of the ancient world. Hellenes' commitment to recording philosophical thoughts and historical events is really fascinating, but deeply problematic. We have noticed that the ancient writers dealt incomparably more with the originality of the so-called Hellenic thought than the official representatives of the present-day science do. In the writings of Eusebius of Caesarea, we witness a special commitment to this topic, which is why we cite his testimonies collected not only from Christian writings, but also from philosophical sources and traditions still alive in his time. From the attached material we can conclude that the adjective Hellenic m aybe called into question in the final determination of the origin of the basic philosophical principles of the ancient world. We find it useful to point out the present-day problematic use of the phrase Hellenic philosophy as to the domesticated terminus tehnicus (like the "ancient Greeks"). In the background of the mentioned syntagm, we recognize the centuries long attempt to im - pose a certain life paradigm in trying to change life orientation among our people, too. At this historical moment when the Christological paradigm of existence is being most seriously questioned, we must be aware of every spiritual and historical change that has occurred as a result of our insufficient ecclesiology, which has opened the way to insufficiently verified " facts" about God, man and the world around us.
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Manca, Stefania. "Digital Memory in the Post-Witness Era: How Holocaust Museums Use Social Media as New Memory Ecologies." Information 12, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info12010031.
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With the passing of the last testimonies, Holocaust remembrance and Holocaust education progressively rely on digital technologies to engage people in immersive, simulative, and even counterfactual memories of the Holocaust. This preliminary study investigates how three prominent Holocaust museums use social media to enhance the general public’s knowledge and understanding of historical and remembrance events. A mixed-method approach based on a combination of social media analytics and latent semantic analysis was used to investigate the Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube profiles of Yad Vashem, the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, and the Auschwitz–Birkenau Memorial and Museum. This social media analysis adopted a combination of metrics and was focused on how these social media profiles engage the public at both the page-content and relational levels, while their communication strategies were analysed in terms of generated content, interactivity, and popularity. Latent semantic analysis was used to analyse the most frequently used hashtags and words to investigate what topics and phrases appear most often in the content posted by the three museums. Overall, the results show that the three organisations are more active on Twitter than on Facebook and Instagram, with the Auschwitz–Birkenau Museum and Memorial occupying a prominent position in Twitter discourse while Yad Vashem and the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum had stronger presences on YouTube. Although the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum exhibits some interactivity with its Facebook fan community, there is a general tendency to use social media as a one-way broadcast mode of communication. Finally, the analysis of terms and hashtags revealed the centrality of “Auschwitz” as a broad topic of Holocaust discourse, overshadowing other topics, especially those related to recent events.
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Albarrán, Javier. "The Almohads and the “Qur’anization” of War Narrative and Ritual." Religions 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100876.
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The Almohad movement (12th–13th centuries, Islamic West) had in the return to the direct study of the primary sources of Islam—the Qur’an and the Sunna—and in jihād, two of its most important pillars of legitimation and action. In this sense, it is an ideal period to study how both realities—Qur’an and jihād—were linked in a given historical context. During the Almohad period, the use of Qur’anic verses in accounts related to war episodes became widespread. We thus witness a “Qur’anization” of the war narrative, a resource adding greater religiosity and spirituality to the context of jihād, to its elaboration and discursive representation, and to its memory and remembrance through written testimonies. In this paper I study, through the main narrative and documentary sources of the period, how the Qur’an was inserted into and adapted to the Almohad war discourse. Likewise, this approach allows me to explore how the Qur’an came to life within the framework of the Almohad jihād, how it served for its justification and legitimation, and how it formed part of the ceremony and the war protocol of the Maghrebi caliphate, thus linking itself with other discursive and propaganda mechanisms such as architecture or military parades.
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Ávila, Christian Gustavo Mena. "El sistema de evaluación global (seg) como instrumento de valoración de la veracidad del testimonio." South Florida Journal of Development 2, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 4505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv2n3-053.
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RESUMEN
Para el ser humano ha sido de mucho valor poder impartir justicia basándose en los hechos de un acontecimiento y los testimonios que de él recibe, por lo tanto, poder determinar la veracidad de los testimonios de los testigos, las víctimas y los agresores, y así poder obtener conclusiones apegadas a la realidad e impartir la justicia que anhela, esto ha sido objeto de numerosos estudios.
Lo que busca este artículo es ir detallando el avance científico-histórico de la toma de testimonios y fundamentar en qué criterios se basan para determinar si un testimonio es creíble, no creíble o indeterminado, todo esto en base al Sistema de Evaluación Global (SEG), y para eso se realizó una revisión sistémica de diferentes artículos en la base de datos de Scopus, Web of Sciencie y Google Scholar entre las palabras clave que se usaron están: deception detection, detection of the lie, Sistema de evaluación Global, seleccionando 25 artículos publicados entre los años 2005 y 2021
ABSTRACT
For the human being it has been of great value to be able to impart justice based on the facts of an event and the testimonies he receives from it, therefore, to be able to determine the veracity of the testimonies of witnesses, victims and aggressors, and thus be able to obtain conclusions attached to reality and impart the justice he longs for, this has been the subject of numerous studies.
The aim of this article is to detail the scientific-historical progress of the taking of testimonies and to establish on what criteria are based to determine whether a testimony is credible, not credible or indeterminate, all this based on the Global Evaluation System (SEG), and for that a systemic review of different articles in the database of Scopus, Web of Sciencie and Google Scholar among the keywords used are: deception detection, detection of the lie, Global Evaluation System, selecting 25 articles published between the years 2005 and 2021.
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Andén, Lovisa. "Literary Testimonies and Fictional Experiences." Studia Phaenomenologica 21 (2021): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studphaen20212110.
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This article discusses the role of Gulag literature in connection to testimony, literature and historical documentation. Drawing on the thoughts of Jacques Derrida and Hannah Arendt, the article examines the difficulty of witnesses being believed in the absence of evidence. In particular, the article focuses on the vulnerability of the Gulag authors, due to the ongoing Soviet repression at the time of their writing. It examines the interplay between the repression and the literature that exposed it. The article contends that the fictionalization of Gulag literature enabled the authors to go further in challenging Soviet repression. Focusing on the fictional accounts written by Varlam Shalamov and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, it argues that the fictionalized Gulag literature makes the experience of the camp universe possible to imagine for those outside, allowing readers to believe in an experience that otherwise seems incredible.
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Fillies Testa Muñoz, Juliana. "Rethinking the Independence of Cuba from Miguel Barnet’s Biography of a Runaway Slave." Cuadernos Inter.c.a.mbio sobre Centroamérica y el Caribe 18, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): e45606. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/c.a..v18i1.45606.
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The testimonial novel Biography of a Runaway Slave by Miguel Barnet is one of the pioneers of the narrative genre and has attracted the attention of critics from the moment of its publication. Scholars see the testimonial novel as a text that allows the reader access to a "genuine" episteme, safeguarded by a witness of historical events. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that the narrative of the maroon and former mambí Esteban Montejo opens new ways of reading and analyzing historical events. In particular, I will focus on Montejo’s statements on the Cuban War of Independence. For this purpose, I will use the theory of the Subaltern Studies as a methodological tool. The analysis will show the denial of Afro-Cuban agency in the official history of independence in Cuba, and will offer a reading of the events that recognizes the important Afro-descendant contribution.
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Frosh, Paul. "The mouse, the screen and the Holocaust witness: Interface aesthetics and moral response." New Media & Society 20, no. 1 (August 16, 2016): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444816663480.
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How do the aesthetic attributes of digital interfaces affect users’ ability to respond morally to the witnessing of suffering? Focusing on mainstream Graphical User Interfaces (GUI), this article proposes a phenomenology of user experience centred on the moral obligations of attending to, engaging with and acting upon digitized Holocaust survivor testimonies. The GUI, it argues, produces a regimen of eye–hand–screen relations that oscillates between ‘operative’ and ‘hermeneutic’ modes of embodied attention, creating a default condition of bodily restlessness that threatens prolonged, empathetic encounters with depicted others. Nevertheless, interface attributes of real-time screen interaction, haptic sensuousness and user-indexicality enable moral engagement with the witness-survivor, while translating information-sharing into the moral action of co-witnessing. These attributes enable an ‘ethics of kinaesthetics’ that converts sensorimotor responsiveness into moral responsibility. Digital interfaces have established a historically novel situation, where moral response to distant suffering depends on the smallest movements of our fingers and eyes.
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Beširević, Katarina. "The Új Symposion Journal on Trial in Yugoslavia (1971/72)." Tokovi istorije 29, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 229–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31212/tokovi.2021.3.bes.229-252.
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Among the censored press and criminal prosecutions led against individuals after the 1968 student demonstrations in socialist Yugoslavia, a Hungarian neo-avantgarde journal published in Novi Sad found its own place. The Új Symposion journal’s two issues were banned at the end of 1971, and a few months later, its two authors and editor were criminally prosecuted. The aim of this article is to explore the occurrence of political trials in Yugoslavia on the example of the Új Symposion case, by looking into the trial documents, as well as the testimonies of three witnesses of this historical event.
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Cohen, Jeremy. ""Slay Them Not": Augustine and the Jews in Modern Scholarship." Medieval Encounters 4, no. 1 (1998): 78–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006798x00043.
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AbstractThis essay lays the historiographical foundation for a forthcoming book on ideas of the Jew in medieval Christianity, ideas which depended considerably on Augustine's doctrine of 'Jewish witness": the notion that the Jews served a vital testimonial function in a properly ordered Christian society. Following a brief explanation of the doctrine and its historical significance, attention turns to its treatment by its three most important investigators of the last half century: Bernhard Blumenkranz, a medieval historian; Marcel Dubois, an authority on medieval scholastic philosophy; and Paula Fredriksen, a scholar of patristics. In each case, the essay discusses the writer's contribution to the field, exploring his/her presuppositions and methodology and assessing the need for still further research.
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SOUSA (UNIFESSPA), Maria do Socorro Carmelo, and Abílio Pacheco de SOUZA (UNIFESSPA). "O TEOR TESTEMUNHAL NA PEÇA TEATRAL “O ABAJUR LILÁS” DE PLÍNIO MARCOS." Margens 16, no. 27 (December 23, 2022): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.18542/rmi.v16i27.13505.
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Plínio Marcos' play “O abajur lilás” (1969) brings two issues to the scene: the first, the subjugation of the woman represented in the characters by the power relationship along with psychological and physical torture; the second, the historical context of the 1960s in which the play was written, with denunciations of atrocities and the abuse of power by the military against their victims. In this text, we will analyze how the testimonial content is represented in this theatrical script. The playwright, when writing his play with elements of testimony, elaborates the statement of the other, this other is the oppressed, and because this is so normal to many, this marginalized person becomes inspiring (DE MARCO, 2004). After all, one cannot think of the oppressed only from the perspective of their cultural individuality, but also from the field of their experiences of the traumas experienced by authoritarian regimes. (PACHECO, 2015). The testimony takes place through the contemplation of a witnessed event, after this event the witness restructures his reflection on the fact and the probabilities of representing. The testimony is still born out of compassion and fear from the marked horror by which the oppressed lived (SELLIGMANN-SILVA, 2000). It is observed that in the face of the violence experienced, the characters of the play “O abajur lilás” try to resist repression, and this, presents itself with a content of denunciation of the silencing of the oppressed.
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Vormbaum, Moritz. "The ‘Unusual’ Trial of Former Concentration Camp Guard Bruno Dey." International Criminal Law Review 22, no. 1-2 (October 11, 2021): 225–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-bja10084.
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Abstract This paper discusses the trial against Bruno Dey, who was an ss guard at the concentration camp Stutthof in 1944 and 1945. The accused was 92 years old at the time the trial was opened before a juvenile division of the regional court in Hamburg in 2019. The trial ended with a conviction and a sentence of two years on probation. On the first day of the main hearing, the presiding judge remarked that it was an ‘unusual trial’. This expression is a leitmotif for this paper. The first section explains the historical and legal context of the trial. The paper then provides an account of the opening session, the testimonies of the accused and the witnesses, as well the judgment.
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Wenzel, M. "The ‘other’ side of history as depicted in Isabel Allende’s Of Love and Shadows." Literator 17, no. 3 (May 2, 1996): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v17i3.618.
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The proceedings of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission in South Africa have once again foregrounded the trauma involved in reconstructing a past fraught with political and personal violence and have, at the same time, also illustrated the therapeutic quality of testimony. Literature has always played a vital role in the process of coming to terms with reality. As a woman within a postcolonial context, Isabel Allende bears witness to political oppression and gender discrimination in her novels. They serve as examples of testimonial literature which focus on the plight of women as marginalized citizens and represent a collective conscience in testimony to the atrocities of the past. This is accomplished through the interaction of her fictional characters with a recognizable historical context. In Of Love and Shadows, her female protagonist, Irene, asserts her individuality through writing/reporting which questions the validity of the male-oriented and so-called “objective” historical reportage. By creating disparate and complementary perspectives which accentuate the female/personal as well as the male/public aspects of experience, Allende proposes a recognition of the personal and the peripheral in the documentation of historical events; she underlines the validity of the “other” side of experience and history.
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Zeuske, Michael. "The ‘Cimarrón’ in the archives: a re-reading of Miguel Barnet’s biography of Esteban Montejo." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 71, no. 3-4 (January 1, 1997): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002608.
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[First paragraph]"Aunque por supuesto nuestro trabajo no es historico (Miguel Barnet)" Apart from Manuel Moreno Fraginals's El ingenio, there is hardly any other book in Cuban historiography that has met with such wide circulation as Biografia de un cimarron by Miguel Barnet.1 It is, in spite of a series of contradictions, the classic in testimonio literature for contemporary studies on slavery as well as for the genre of historical slave narratives extending far beyond Cuba. In particular the various new editions and translations, such as the English versions that have been published under the titles Autobiography of a Runaway Slave (Barnet 1968), Autobiography of a Runaway Slave (Esteban Montejo & Miguel Barnet 1993) or Biography of a Runaway Slave (Barnet 1994) and the discussion that Barnet's book stimulated bear witness to this position.2
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Boriak, Tetiana. "Oral History Sources About Household Searches During the 1932–33 Holodomor in Ukraine and Kuban." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 67 (2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.67.10.
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Ukrainian Holodomor bibliography numbers more than 18,5 thousand of publications, of them oral history sources – more than 10 thousand of entries. Famine 1932–33 bibliography in the USSR and Kuban is reasonably smaller in the former USSR (before 1991), as well as in contemporary Russian Federation. Regarding research of the famine on Kuban (by July of 1930 – Kuban krai, later – Northern-Caucasus krai as part of RRFSR) – this is not the case at all. At the same time, research of the Holodomor topic that took place on this historical-geographical region of RF for Ukrainian historians has special meaning. According to the census of 1926, Ukrainians as an ethnographic group comprised 54,1% of whole population on Kuban (1 million 644 thousand 380 people). The goal of the research is revealing and researching of oral history of eye-witnesses of the famine of 1932–1933 about punitive activity of searching brigades with the goal of extortion of food reserves from peasants on the territory of UkrSSR (the author analyzes available data of 144 settlements) and separately – of Kuban area (the author analyzes data of 65 settlements). Analysis of research object basing on the sources of oral history, recorded in various historical-geographical regions of Ukraine (144 testimonies) and Kuban (in general 122 testimonies) is being introduced for the first time. This comprises scientific novelty of the research. Methodological basis of the research is the principle of systematic and structural approaches in combination with the elements of descriptive-analytical, comparative-historical and contextological methods of analysis. Conclusions. On the basis of the research of oral history sources the author states tragical experience of living through winter – spring of 1933 by peasants in Ukraine and Kuban. Research of oral testimonies of respondents has allowed to a certain degree to reconstruct «collective portrait» of activists. The author shows that regardless of territorial affixment searching brigades, being authorized with punitive functions, acted equally brutally. Further studies with usage of oral history sources, whose object is revealing of data on extortion during household searches with the goal of finding of food in UkrSSR and on Kuban, as well as broadening of the analysis to other grain regions of USSR will help to find out similarity or differences of mechanism of humility with famine of peasants in UkrSSR and USSR in 1932–1933.
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Megged, Amos. "SALVAGING RECURRING THEMES OF HISTORICAL MEMORY IN THE COHUIXCA PROVINCE OF TEPECOACUILCO (COHUIXCATLACAPAN), GUERRERO, MEXICO, 1460 TO 1580." Ancient Mesoamerica 28, no. 2 (2017): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536116000389.
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AbstractThis article aims to fill in some of the lacunae that still exist regarding the Cohuixca ethnicity of the northeastern part of the State of Guerrero. To do so, it introduces a qualitative methodological approach into ethnohistory, which discerns pervasive patterns of special understanding that guided indigenous testimony in the colonial Spanish courtroom. It emphasizes that early colonial Cohuixca testimonies were deeply influenced by what are called, in Western terms, cadastral maps or cartographic histories or, in Nahuatl,amoxtli tlalamatl altepeamatl(“land papers,” titles of each town and district) in the former Cohuixca province of Tepecoacuilco (Cohuixcatlacapan), these geographical elements being heavily reinforced by oral retelling. Therefore, in order to establish a seemingly coherent plot of the past that would overcome fragmentation and chaos, the indigenous witnesses appearing in our sources relied heavily on unique visual schemata that assisted them in assembling the mental shreds and remnants of past experiences to restore them within the traditional framework and formulae of information transmission only modestly affected by the Spanish conquest.
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Umeljic, Vladimir. "A paradigm shift in German historiography: In the state of Croatia (1941-1945) there was no genocide against the Serbs?" Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke, no. 141 (2012): 523–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zmsdn1241523u.
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At the Humboldt University of Berlin, German historian Alexander Korb defended, with the highest grade (summa cum laude), his doctoral thesis in historical studies ?In the Shadow of the World War II. Mass violence by the Ustasa against Serbs, Jews and Roma?. His radically new thesis are as follows: 1) in the State of Croatia (1941-1945) ?there was no genocide against the Serbs?; 2) clerical component (Croatian Catholic clergy and the Vatican) ?played no significant role? in the mass violence against the Serbs in the State of Croatia (1941-1945), so the forced catholicization of the Serbs was ?purely secular in character?. Korb, therefore, enters into absolute conflict with the vast majority of previous research papers and their conclusions. Korb?s theses are challenged from three aspects in this analysis: a) scientific and historical, b) linguistic and philosophical (definitionism theory) and c) political. Regarding scientific and historical aspects, Korb approached this problem one-sidedly, in a selective way, and from the very beginning drastically reduced i.e. excluded an enormous part of primary historical sources and scientific literature. He excluded all Serbian sources, including testimonies of Serbian survivors and victims, on the grounds that they were either ?Serbian nationalists? or ?Serbian communists?, then all testimonies of eye-witnesses from the opressors side - German Nazis and Italian Fascists - with justification that they are manipulated by ?Serbian nationalists? or ?Serbian communists?, as well as all primary historical sources and scientific literature which testify of the role of Croatian Roman Catholic clergy and the Vatican, on the basis that they are ?anti-clerical?. From linguistic and philosophical aspect, Korb?s argumentations clearly belong to the principle of ?usurpation of power over definitions and psychagogy? recognized by classical theory of concepts as a convenient redefinition, virtualization of reality and psychagogic establishment of the new ?real reality? in the minds of the target group through its internalization. Korb?s work is, therefore, rather relativistic linguistic and philosophical treatise clad in historical science than scientific study of history. As for the aspect of political science, it can be concluded that paradigm shift in social sciences and humanities in Germany, due to his indisputable efforts, obtained a new quality, a completely different level of arbitrary and virtual reflection of reality. Namely, these sciences are rapidly getting mutual and dominant ideological and political connotation.
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Vasvári, Louise O. "Culinary Nostalgia and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Addenda to Kinga Király's Az újrakezdés receptjei (2019) / Recipes for a New Beginning (2020)." Hungarian Cultural Studies 14 (July 16, 2021): 186–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2021.437.
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Kinga Király conducted interviews with ten North Transylvanian survivors who represent the last witnesses of a generation that is about to disappear and leave us with the question of what to remember and how. On reading the testimonies catalogued in the volume Király produced from those interviews, I realized that I felt compelled to make further connections with my own research on foodways and war trauma and on the ecologies of survival witnessing. In a section on the mass genocide of Transylvanian Jewry I provide a brief historical sketch to help the understanding of the historical complexity and tragedy of the lives of pre- and postwar Transylvanian Jewry. I then contrast the stories of some of Király's subjects with the postwar memoirs of other Transylvanian survivors who emigrated either right after the war or under the Ceausescu dictatorship. I discuss prewar Transylvanian Jewish food culture, and subsequently locate Király's collection as a continuation of the tradition of the memorial or yizkor [‘remembrance’] books. Finally, I discuss Jewish cemeteries and the virtual social death of Jewish tradition in Transylvania, to ask: what is it that remains today from the shattered culture of Transylvanian Jewry?
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Gross, William David. "The Unfortunate Faith: A Solution to the Unwarranted Reliance Upon Eyewitness Testimony." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 5, no. 2 (March 1999): 307–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v5.i2.7.
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The purpose of this Comment is to argue for the mandatory admission of expert testimony on eyewitness testimony in criminal trials with a jury as the finder of fact. Juries have a preference for direct testimonial evidence."8 But, the impact of direct eyewitness testimony is often misleading to jurors. The rule of law allows eyewitness testimony in most cases but does not require expert testimony to illuminate it. 9 This idea requires a change in the Federal Rules of Evidence. The nondiscretionary admission of expert witness testimony will aid the jury when the accuracy of eyewitness testimony is the pivotal proof. Part I chronicles historical mistaken identification cases that exemplify major failures in the criminal justice system. Part II presents the unique reasons why eyewitness testimony creates the need for special expert testimony. Part III analyzes the current state of the law in Texas, allowing admission of expert testimony on the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. Part IV argues for the proposed solution to unreliable eyewitness testimony and the jury's unreasonable dependence upon it. The Conclusion explains why the recommended change in the law is prudent and necessary for the cause of justice.
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Boiko, Svitlana. "Education of the personality who shares a sense of national consciousness in the conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war based on the usage of new experimental technologies in the educational sphere of Ukraine." Problems of Education, no. 1(96) (July 16, 2022): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52256/2710-3986.1-96.2022.14.
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The article substantiates the importance of educating for the personality who shares a sense of national consciousness in war conditions. The general conceptual approaches towards the study of this issue, its methodological and instrumental components are analyzed. The author of the article addresses various aspects of the national education of young students based on the usage of the systemic methodology and new experimental technologies in the educational field, focused on the priority of method of oral history in the education of the personality who shares a sense of national consciousness in general secondary education institutions in Ukraine.
The author analyses the effectiveness of the method of oral history, which is considered as one of the important and relevant research methods in education, which involves the collection of oral reports (testimonies) of people (military personnel, volunteers, former participants or witnesses of a specific historical event) relating to a specific historical period or process. While using this method, students independently and naturally form their own view of historical events, carry out investigation and research activities, and learn to think critically.
The main forms, methods, and measures in which oral history is used to educate a nationally conscious person are highlighted in the article. They include biographical interviews, communication with family members on a specific historical topic, communication with combatants, participation in project activities, conducting memory lessons and lessons of courage, organizing summer military sports camps, etc.
It is proved that oral history is actively used not only in educational institutions but also at the national level in the form of various educational projects and allows effective implementation of the requirements belonging to the Concept of the New Ukrainian School.
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Ndenga, Billians Sidwaka, Jafred Muyaka, and Peter Kirui. "THE ROLE OF MILL HILL MISSIONARIES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY EDUCATION IN KISUMU COUNTY: NYABONDO BOYS SECONDARY SCHOOL, 1935 TO 1985." Journal of Historical Studies 3, no. 1 (April 27, 2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jhs.849.
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Purpose: This paper describes the contribution of Mill Hill Missionaries (M.H.M) to the development of Secondary Education in Kisumu County, Kenya. The paper also deals with the nature of early education in the area, the relationship that existed among Mill Hill Mission schools and lastly, the educational developments at Nyabondo Boys Secondary School.
Methodology: Being a historical study, the historical method of inquiry into the past was adopted. Primary sources of data consulted included oral testimonies of actual participants or witnesses of events in Kisumu County. Other primary sources used were archival documents either personal or institutional such as correspondences, photographs, mission publications, minutes of meetings and colonial government annual reports. The main secondary sources utilized were published and unpublished articles and books. The oral interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative method.
Results: The study findings demonstrated that the spread of Western education and Christianity in Kisumu County led to social transformation of the Luo from traditional to modern practices. The findings further revealed that African catechists played a great role in the development of Western education and Christianity in Kisumu County. It can be concluded that, M.H.M played a vital role on the growth and development of secondary education in Kisumu County through the establishment of Nyabondo Boys Secondary School. The historical growth and development of the school from 1935 to 1985 can be greatly attributed to the activities of the M.H.M as well as the roles that Africans played in supporting the missionaries establish the school in the region. The establishment of the school in return was instrumental to a positive transformation of Nyabondo community and beyond to the Kenyan nation.
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Malahovskis, Vladislavs. "HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CRIMINAL CASE’S NO. 31 MATERIALS DEALING WITH THE DESTRUCTION OF THE AUDRINI VILLAGE’S INHABITANTS BY NAZI GERMANY’S OCCUPATION POWER." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 86 (March 31, 2019): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i86.4018.
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Audrini has been an administrative center in Rezekne region since 1990. Before the Second World War, Audrini was one of the villages in Makaseni rural municipality populated by old believers. The tragedy of Audrini is destruction of Audrini inhabitants by Nazi German occupation institutions (22.12.1941. – 01.04.1942). Escaped prisoners of Red Army were hidden in the village. The Nazis burnt down village buildings. In the Ancupanu hills, arrested inhabitants of the village were shot; 30 men – inhabitants of Audrini – were publicly shot at the Marketplace in Rezekne. The punishment action was done in accordance with the German Security Police Commander’s orders; in the action local collaborators – Rezekne and Malta police officers – participated. Criminal case No 31 was initiated on August 5th, 1964. In 1965, an open trial in Riga was held (11.10.1965.–10.30.1965), where six former German police officers were accused of Audrini people killing. Criminal case No.31 consists of 37 huge volumes. Basically, there are three kinds of documents: 1) protocols of witnesses’ testimonies; 2) Rezekne region police reports and correspondence with higher instances; 3) the documents related to criminal investigation process. The paper reveals the reasons for the initiation of the Audrini village’s criminal case, the content of the documents available in the criminal case. The reasons for destruction of Audrini inhabitants are stated as well as the revealing of Audrini tragedy in Soviet propaganda and arts after the completion of criminal proceedings.
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Azarian-Ceccato, Natasha. "Reverberations of the Armenian Genocide." Narrative Inquiry 20, no. 1 (October 11, 2010): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.20.1.06aza.
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Narrative research has not traditionally examined the intergenerational transmission and reverberation of narratives within ethnic communities, and yet it is through the chain of generations that voices of the past reverberate and testimonies endure which fuel and form present day notions of the past. This article is a call for and an example of the importance ethnographic investigation into communities of memories, for it is through community storytelling that records are set straight as a memorial for victims and survivors. This line of inquiry is pertinent to various communities throughout the world, as we come to see the role of language, and in particular, narrative in the formation of ideas and conflicts, as scholars such as Slyomovics, (1998) have pointed out. This research takes as its point of departure narrative renditions of the Armenian genocide recounted in both public and private venues by the great-grandchildren of genocide survivors in an ethnic enclave in Central California. In this diasporic community we see how communities of memory are formed in a space of mediation which links the new generation with the old, the present with its past as well as with its imagined communities (Anderson, 1983). Through examination of the linguistic reverberations of this historical and familial narrative, I ask what becomes of authorship when collected stories are salient enough to be included in one’s own personal history, and how these narrativizations contribute to one’s sense of self? These questions are answered both by linguistic analysis of pronouns and deixis, as well as through analysis of prevalent themes. The results of this research lend into the historical progression of memory through time by those who did not experience the trauma, but rather were witnesses by listening to the trauma of others.
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Spadaro, Gabriela Scartascini, Vilma Zoraida Rodríguez Melchor, and María Guadalupe Talavera Curiel. "Sustentabilidad E Historia Oral: Huellas En El Tiempo. Conceptos Generadores De Nuevo Conocimiento Para La Acción Ciudadana En El Siglo XXI." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 26 (September 30, 2017): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n26p374.
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For several decades, sustainability has been positioned as a paradigmatic concept in relation to the present and the future of our planet. It is a transverse discursive axis in front of countless issues that lead our daily life while trying to preserve, protect or recover it. In recent years, it has surpassed the field of ecology since it has been adopted by different fields that have established specific meanings. Its constant application has been reflected in areas as diverse as environment, tourism, economy, international politics, corporate affairs, education, and even gastronomy. As for Oral History, since Allan Nevins to date, its credibility and validity were strengthened and valued. In many parts of the world, the twentieth century regained its national, regional and local history through the testimonies of witnesses and protagonists of events that someone, perhaps, had wanted to keep in oblivion. Currently, new issues and problems arise to be considered from the perspective of Oral History, as a valuable resource for the recovery of perspectives, angles, and scope of information, in those same areas that are covered by the need to incorporate into the sustainability in its discourse. The objective of this proposal is to expose the historical evolution of both the sustainability notion and Oral History as concepts that have passed through the twentieth century and have been constituted as generators of new knowledge articulated with the action of citizens committed to their cultural and natural heritage, history and identity.
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Nazarenko, Mykhailo. "Description of Νecropolis in “The Commoners’ Council”: Issue of Sources." Слово і Час, no. 8 (August 11, 2019): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33608/0236-1477.2019.08.46-55.
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Both in the magazine publication of 1846 (“Kyivan Pilgrims of the 17th Century”) and in the Russian 1857 version of “The Commoners’ Council” Panteleimon Kulish claimed that the epitaphs from the Assumption Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra were taken from Afanasii Kalnofoyskyi’s “Teraturgema” (1638) and translated into Russian. However, the comparison of the texts shows that the translations were actually taken from Mykhailo Maksymovych’s paper “On Tombstones in Pechersk Monastery” (1840). Other quotations with references to the “Teraturgema” were borrowed from the work of metropolitan bishop Yevhenii (Bolkhovitinov) “Description of Kyiv Perchersk Lavra” (1826).
The Kyivan episodes of “The Commoners’ Council” were mainly based on two Maksymovych’s papers from “Kiievlianin” (“The Kyivan”) almanac (1840), the aforementioned one and “Overview of Old Kyiv”. Kulish did not mention any of these sources in the novel’s footnotes. This fact should be considered in the context of the system of references that the writer built in “The Commoners’ Council”. Unlike many authors who worked in Walter Scott tradition, Kulish didn’t use footnotes in “The Commoners’ Council” in order to acknowledge and justify certain anachronisms and time distortions.
The writer referred to the testimonies of the witnesses of historical events, even after he had received an information from the people of the 19th century (Shevchenko, for instance), to the folkloric texts, and his own observations. The works of historians were important for him as far as they offered published collections of the authentic documents, but not as the sources of concepts. No intermediaries could stand between the historian novelist and the depicted age.
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Lazăr, Mirela Ioana. "Historia e historias en la novela Inés y la alegría. Episodios de una guerra interminable, por Almudena Grandes." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 66, no. 4 (December 17, 2021): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2021.4.12.
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History and Stories in the Novel Inés y la alegría. Episodios de una guerra interminable by Almudena Grande. In the past decades, a certain careless neglect seems to have gradually blurred twentieth-century historical events that are still relevant because they have not been completely clarified; they particularly concern dramatic nation-wide events which some of the long-lived Spaniards witnessed. The phenomenon is natural in a society that is advancing by huge strides towards the future, just as it is natural to have people who want to keep alive the memory of those men and women who, during the Civil War and then during the Franco dictatorship, endured the impact of such terrible convulsions. Literature, despite its availability for invention and its inherent subjectivity, is a wonderful way to save this fading image of the past. My paper aims to study the recovery work done by Almudena Grandes, who in her novel Inés or the Joy. Episodes of an Interminable War, presents an episode known as the invasion of the Aran Valley, when 4,000 guerrillas organized by the Spanish Communist Party (P.C.E.) and the Spanish National Union (U.N.E.), crossed the Pyrenees Mountains from France in October 1944. Here, the writer brings to life an abundant documentary material drawn out from archives, libraries and oral testimonies, and manages to enrich History - with capital 'H' - with small personal histories, some invented, others true; historic reality intertwines with the sinuous threads created by her fantasy in order to weave a very agitated and vivid canvas in vibrant colors. Keywords: Spanish novel, Almudena Grandes, the invasion of the Aran Valley, twentieth-century history
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Martines, Vicent. "La Cançó de la croada contra els albigesos (1r quart del s. XIII) i el Tractat de Meaux-París (1228). Mimesi literària i constància jurídica de la desposessió d’Occitània." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 15 (June 10, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.15.17552.
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Resum: En aquest article analitzem els mecanismes de la construcció del relat (oficial), des de diversos punts de vista, de la Croada contra els albigesos i l’expoli d’Occitània per França en el transcurs d’aqueixa cruel campanya militar (1r terç del segle XIII). Analitzarem dues fonts textuals que són testimonis d’excepció dels fets i de la construcció i la narració d’aqueix relat, a través de la mimesi historiogràfica en un cas, la Cançó de la Croada contra els albigesos, i, en l’altre, del formalisme d’un text jurídic (document històric, pròpiament dit) del més alt rang, el Tractat de Meux-París (1229), signat pels màxims representants de les dues contraparts. I també analitzarem qui es beneficia (i per què), en primera instància, dels efectes del Tractat.
Paraules clau: Cançó de la Croada contra els albigesos, Tractat de Meaux-París (1229), Batalla de Muret, Pere el Católico, Alfons de Poitiers, Lluís IX de França, Ramon VII de Tolosa, Historiografia medieval.
Abstract: In this article I analyze the technic behind the construction of the (official) story, from different points of view of the Crusade against the Catars and the dispossession of Occitania by the French Crown during the course of that cruel military campaign (1st third of the 13th century). I analyze two textual sources that are added value witness of the facts in order to make and to tell that story, through the historiographic mimesis in one case, the Song of the Crusade againts the Catars, and, in the other, the formalism of a legal text (historical document, proper) of the highest rank, the Treaty of Meux-Paris (1229), signed by the highest representatives of the two parties. And Il also analyze who benefits (and why), in the first instance, from the effects of the Treaty.
Keywords: Song of the Crusade againts the Catars, Treaty of Meaux-Paris (1229), Battle of Muret, King Peter The Catholic of Aragon, Alphons de Poitiers, King Louis IX of France, Raymund VII of Toulouse, Medieval Historiography
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Fuentes-Moreno, Concha, and Alba Ambrós-Pallarés. "Panorámica de la trilogía cine, historia y educación en España (1995-2020)." Panta Rei. 14, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 197–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/pantarei.445841.
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Se realiza una síntesis analítica de las principales líneas de trabajo que se han gestado en los últimos 25 años sobre el cine y el aprendizaje de la historia. Se revisa la literatura desde una perspectiva histórica mediante el uso de bases de datos, organizando las salidas en tres categorías. En la primera categoría, historia y cine, se agrupan las investigaciones relacionadas con la aceptación del cine como fuente histórica y como testimonio de una época. Una segunda categoría concentra los trabajos sobre historia, cine y educación, englobando las siguientes temáticas: cine y currículum escolar; cine de ficción y no ficción y cine como constructor de identidades. La tercera categoría se focaliza en el uso del cine en el aula de historia considerando aspectos didácticos relevantes. Los resultados demuestran que las recientes investigaciones reivindican el cine como instrumento de análisis y reflexión sobre el pasado como otra fuente histórica más, así como vía para fomentar el análisis crítico y empático propios de la competencia ciudadana. Del mismo modo, existe una tendencia que defiende la inclusión de la educación mediática y la alfabetización cinematográfica dentro de la educación formal y la formación inicial y permanente de todos los docentes. The aim of the paper consists on an analytical synthesis of the main lines of research that have been developed in the last 25 years on the teaching of history with films. A systematic review of the literature inside databases from a historical perspective has been the followed methodology. The analysis has been structured in three categories. The first one, called history and cinema, evidences the existence of a research line focused on the acceptance of cinema as a historical source and also as witness of an Era. The second one relates history, films and education, and three more lines emerge from it: films and curriculum; fiction and non-fiction films, and using films as a constructor of identities. The third and last category is based on the use of films in the History classroom attending on methodological relevant aspects. The core results of the analysis point at two complementary directions. First, the vindication of films as a tool of analysis and reflection on the past as a historical source. Second, the acceptance of films as an instrument to promote critical and empathetic analysis of citizenship competence. Similarly, there is a trend that advocates the inclusion of media education and film literacy within formal education and the initial and ongoing training of all teachers.
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Pérez González, Lourdes, and Verónica Cañal-Fernández. "Rompiendo costuras. IKE: la insumisión —una más— de las mujeres del textil = Breaking seams. IKE: the insubordination -one more- of the textile working women." Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, no. 13 (June 19, 2018): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i13.5377.
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<p class="Cuerpodetexto"><strong>Resumen</strong></p><p>Analizamos el conflicto de la empresa textil Confecciones Gijón (IKE) cuyo desarrollo, tanto por la duración como por las formas de lucha, supuso un hito en la lucha obrera de mujeres y cuyo recuerdo la lógica patriarcal quiso sepultar en el olvido. Lo hemos puesto en contexto, por una parte, con la histórica asignación a las mujeres de la actividad textil —en un principio como tarea digna y valorada y progresivamente devaluada e infravalorada— y, por otra parte, con la trayectoria de lucha de las mujeres del textil, muy reivindicativa y combativa desde los inicios de la industrialización, pero acallada y voluntariamente olvidada por ser mujeres sus protagonistas. El propósito es no dejar que la lucha de IKE caiga en el olvido que impone la (des)memoria patriarcal y engarzarla con las luchas anteriores y posteriores para dar testimonio de la histórica insumisión de las mujeres del textil.</p><p class="Cuerpodetexto"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This study analyzes the conflict of the textile company Confecciones Gijón (IKE), whose development was a milestone in the women's workers' struggle both for the duration and the forms of struggle and whose memory the patriarchal logic wanted to bury in oblivion. The context is, on the one hand, with the new assignment to women of the textile activity, at first, as a worthy and valued task and progressively devalued and undervalued; on the other hand, with the trajectory of the struggle of the women of the textile, very claiming and combative since the beginning of industrialization, but silenced and voluntarily forgotten for being women its protagonists. The aim is not to allow the IKE struggle to fall into oblivion imposed by the patriarchal forgetfulness and linking it with the previous and subsequent struggles to bear witness to the historical insubordination of the women of the textile.</p><p> </p>
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Waterson, Roxana. "Testimony, trauma and performance: Some examples from Southeast Asian theatre." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 41, no. 3 (September 7, 2010): 509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463410000287.
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This paper is a reflection on a number of theatre performances held in Singapore, each of which probed problematic or traumatic historical events occurring either in Singapore itself or in other parts of Southeast Asia. These avant-garde performances were inspired by or built around actual testimonies of individuals in ways which, for this author, suggest a striking fluidity in the boundaries between testimony and performance, one that raises difficult questions about performance ethics and the processes by which collective memories are shaped. The plays also made use of visual media: one had been recorded on video while others incorporated photographic and video materials into the actual performance. At the time I witnessed these plays, I had already become interested in the way that, over the course of the twentieth century, documentary films had come to play an increasingly important role in the recording of testimony concerning traumatic events. Testimony on film, I have argued, functions simultaneously as evidential trace, and as performative event. Films of testimony develop their own trajectories as they enter into the realms of public remembering. They preserve and extend the record of personal experiences, thereby adding them to the pool of collective memory about an event. Theatrical performances, too, develop their own trajectories through repetition, as Marvin Carlson's statement (cited above) suggests. But what exactly might be different when testimony is performed as drama before a live audience? What are the purposes of such performances, and what might be their possible effects upon both participants and audiences? Is the trace left by a live theatre performance inevitably more ephemeral than those captured on film, or might it be in some respects even more powerful? These are some of the questions I raise – without necessarily being able to present definitive answers – in what follows. I conclude by arguing that in the Singapore context, because censorship laws place very specific constraints on the making of documentary films with openly political content, in recent years theatre has been able to offer a slightly greater space than film as a medium for critical reflection. How theatre directors and actors have tried to use this space is a subject correspondingly deserving of our close attention.
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Barbieri, Alvaro. "“Prestigio storico” dei testimoni,vulgata, textus receptus: riflessioni recenti su vecchi concetti [The “historical prestige” of witnesses, the vulgate,textus receptus: recent reflections on old concepts]Vulgata: Il prestigio storico deltextus receptuscome criterio nel metodo filologico e nella prassi editoriale." Textual Cultures: Text, Contexts, Interpretation 2, no. 2 (October 2007): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/tex.2007.2.2.150.
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Sutherland, Mardi. "Obligations of the secondary witness to testimonies of historical trauma in European literature." Australian and New Zealand Journal of European Studies 14, no. 1 (March 16, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.30722/anzjes.vol14.iss1.15858.
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ESAANZ ESSAY PRIZE WINNERThe role of the reader as a “secondary witness” to testimonies of historical trauma must be carefully considered. Adopting the position of the secondary witness entails a particular responsibility: to understand authorial intent while resisting preconceived imaginings of our role as the secondary witness. As non-witnesses, we are compelled to read historical trauma, such as the experience of the concentration camp in Europe. This compulsion should be mediated by deliberate and considered positioning as the secondary witness, by heeding the tacit demands of the author, which are woven into the fabric of their testimony. This article proposes that there are innumerous roles (plural) that the author of historical trauma may require of us. Drawing on three examples of European testimonies of historical trauma, this essay hopes to guide how we can identify our roles as secondary witnesses.
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Wlodarski, Amy Lynn. "Musical Testimonies of Terezín and the Possibilities of Contrapuntal Listening." Summer 2022 16, no. 2 (August 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/mp.3108.
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Taking my cue from the postcolonial cultural analyses of Edward Said, as well as a recent postcolonial turn in Holocaust studies, I define a practice of contrapuntal listening for the copious musical witness that constitutes the extensive Holocaust testimonial archive. Contrapuntal listening recognizes the inherent power dynamics and potential narrative desires present within the capture of testimony, a process that is never ideologically blank and is often driven by the explicit goals of the interviewers (amateurs and experts alike), whose relationship to the traumatized individual before them ranges from the empathetic to the antagonistic. This essay attempts to listen contrapuntally to one documentary source concerned with Viktor Ullmann’s musical activities in Terezín: Goethe och Ghetto (1996), the award-winning film directed by Peter Berggren and Göran Rosenberg. My analysis places the original witness testimonies collected for the project in contrapuntal conversation with the final documentary to illuminate its intentional “voicing” of three survivors as well as the power dynamics inherent in the testimonial exchange. My aim is not to cast aspersions, but to call for increased attention to these varied counterpoints as we expand our understanding of music’s roles in multivocal spaces like Terezín. To do so is to begin to enable a self-critical exchange with musical testimonies that considers their engagement within historical networks of power and authority.
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Azevedo, Mail Marques de. "Memory and Testimony in Extraordinary Times." Ilha do Desterro A Journal of English Language, Literatures in English and Cultural Studies 74, no. 2 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2175-8026.2021.e75258.
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This paper analyzes two parallel and opposed testimonies of mass annihilation in World War II: Primo Levi’s report of his gruesome experiences in Auschwitz, in The Drowned and the Saved; the testimony of the fire-bombing of Dresden, that killed 130,000 civilians in 1945, recorded by a young American POW, private Kurt Vonnegut Jr, in his novel Slaughterhouse-five. It is basically structured along the phases of the historiographic operation proposed by Paul Ricoeur – testimony and recording of testimonies; questioning of the records and written historical representation of the past – with the objective of drawing conclusions about the role of literature in keeping alive memories that might prevent further atrocities. Steppingstones include the urge to bear witness, the paradoxical links between victims and perpetrators and the choice of literary genders to convey messages. References are made to René Girard’s concept of the scapegoat mechanism as an explanation for the eruption of violence in social groups.
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Vitkus, Zigmas. "Transformations of the Image of Paneriai in Jozef Mackiewicz’s Essay “Ponary-baza”." Lituanistica 63, no. 2 (September 17, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.6001/lituanistica.v63i2.3534.
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This paper deals with the examination of the text “Ponary-baza” (1945) by the Polishwriter and journalist Jozef Mackiewicz (1902–1985), in which he describes the massacre of Jews in Paneriai (Ponary, Ponar) in April 1943. The author of the paper explores the historical context and circumstances in which the text “Ponary-baza” emerged, presents genre characteristics of this piece of writing, shows its coherence with other pieces written by Mackiewicz, and analyses the image of Paneriai presented in the text widening its historical and literary contexts. Mackiewicz’s “Ponarybaza” is one of a few examples of texts-testimonies written by a Holocaust witness in which changes of the “genius loci” of a particular Holocaust site and the transformation of its image in public imagination are being reflected upon.
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TARVEDIAN, SATENIK. "The Recovery Attempts of the So-Called «Red Kurdistan» 1988-1992." Scientific Artsakh, 2022, 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52063/25792652-2022.2.13-248.
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The purpose of this article is to highlight the attempts to restore the so-called "Red Kurdistan" in the period 1988-1992. This is a topic worth studying for Armenia and Artsakh, as it refers to the establishment of Kurdish autonomy with Berdzor center on the territory of Artsakh in 1992. The article presents the measures taken by the Kurds in parallel with the collapse of the USSR, which were aimed at establishing Kurdish autonomy. The text of the declaration of independence of "Red Kurdistan" in Armenian translation is partially presented. The article draws attention to the prehistory of “Red Kurdistan”. The historical facts referring to the Kurdistan county, created in 1923-1929 are also presented. The work presents the parallel events taking place in Artsakh and Azerbaijan. The task is to study actions aimed at the establishment of Kurdish autonomy, the contributing factors and consequences. There is not much research on the subject, so we have mostly tried to gather information from the people who took part in the events. The main sources of the study were A. Hakobyan's memories and the book “History of Caucasian Kurdistan” by V. Mustafaev. The research methodology is based on the witness and participant testimonies, memories, historical-comparative and analytical methods. As a result of the study, the conclusion is drawn that although Kurdish autonomy was not established on the territory of Artsakh, it became an occasion for Azerbaijan to create narratives on Armenian-Kurdish relations.
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Wylegała, Anna. "Late Bystander Testimonies in East Galicia: Between Memory, Identity, and Loyalties." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures, October 19, 2022, 088832542096890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325420968903.
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This article examines the advantages and limits of late non-Jewish witness testimonies in Holocaust research. Grounding my conclusions in more than 150 biographical interviews conducted in small communities of contemporary Western Ukraine (historically Eastern Galicia) in 2017–2019, I dwell on the specificity of such sources and offer guidelines on how to work with them. As I show, late witness testimonies typically consist of multiple layers that can only be understood when analyzed within the wider life story of the interviewee, and when read against a deep knowledge of local history. When following these introduced guidelines, late non-Jewish witness interviews can be an extremely valuable source, especially for rural communities where no Jewish testimonies are available. This source allows us to further examine the complexity of identity and belonging, estrangement and intimacy, in ethnically mixed communities during World War II and immediately after, but also memories of the nonexisting world today.
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Appiah, Juliana, Roland Mireku Yeboah, and Akosua Asah-Asante. "Architecture of Denial: Imperial Violence, the Construction of Law and Historical Knowledge during the Mau Mau Uprising, 1952–1960." African Journal of Legal Studies, May 14, 2021, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340080.
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Abstract In 2013, the UK government settled a class action suit, which alleged that the British Colonial Government had subjected Kenyans to detainment, ill treatment and torture during the 1952–1960 ‘Kenya Emergency’. During the trial proceedings, the efforts of three expert historical witnesses for the prosecution – Caroline Elkins, David Anderson and Huw Bennett – led to the discovery of a cache of over 8,000 historical files from 36 former British colonies. The material contained within these documents suggested not only that Britain was aware of pervasive human rights abuses occurring throughout Kenya during the Emergency, but that the use of such violence was in fact endorsed and systematically regulated at the highest levels of the colonial administration. Drawing on Foucault’s conception of historical archives as ‘systems of discursivity’, and making use of the testimonies of the three experts, this article explores how the British Colonial Administration was able to dominate the discursive space surrounding Kenyan law and Mau Mau identity, allowing it both to justify the implementation of systemic violence throughout the Emergency, and to evade legal responsibility for these abuses at the time, and for decades afterward.