Journal articles on the topic 'Historical urban boundary'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Historical urban boundary.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Historical urban boundary.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Soares, Maria, Fernando Fonseca, and Rui Ramos. "A quantitative spatial methodology for delimiting historical centers - an application in Guarda, Portugal." Journal of Spatial Information Science, no. 25 (December 20, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5311/josis.2022.25.164.
Full textAbstract:
A historical center can be defined as the oldest part of a city where a significant part of the building stock dates back to the early stages of urban growth. Historical centers often contain special urban fabrics with unique, historic, social and cultural identity. Owing to this, they have been subject to special urban planning interventions in order not only to protect the existing urban fabric and its originality, but also to revert depopulation and built deterioration processes aiming to make these old centers attractive and functional again. However, in the inter-urban domain, there is a deficit of spatial planning research, and the delimitation of historical centers is a topic that has been under explored. This paper describes a morphological approach for delimiting the historical center of Guarda, Portugal. Methodologically, the work uses building stock-age data from eight periods between <1919 to 2011 and is supported by both statistical and spatial analysis. Statistically, the urban evolution of the city was analyzed through threshold values and five novel building indexes. Spatially, the work involved disaggregated GIS analysis to map the evolution of built-up areas and to identify the consolidated urban areas. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to assess the influence of some parameters on the obtained boundary. Results indicated that the historical center of Guarda was consolidated in the 1960s and, since then, has been relatively unchanged. The obtained boundary shows a suitable spatial adjustment considering the consolidated urban area and the official boundary included in the Urban Rehabilitation Area.
2
Machado, Irene. "Semiotic Boundary Spaces: An Exercise in Decolonial Aesthesis." Linguistic Frontiers 5, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lf-2022-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The main purpose of this essay is the analysis of the discourses expressed between Jaider Esbell’s Brazilian artistic sculptures and the monuments of the urban space. Based on J. Lotman’s notion of semiotic boundary space of culture, the analysis focuses on the controversial discursive relationships, such as intelligibility and unintelligibility; translation and untranslatability, and so on, observed from the historical tensioning of cultural languages. This analytical path leads us to intercultural relationships in which artistic languages in semiotic boundary spaces manifest the Aesthesis condition that has given the theoretical foundations for the Decolonial studies and the arising of a new episteme in the understanding of intercultural relationships. Thus, the semiotic concept of boundary space allows us to analyse various discursive relationships in historical-political contexts in the contemporary debate.
3
Huo, Jingeng, Zhenqin Shi, Wenbo Zhu, Xin Chen, Hua Xue, Ran Ma, and Yanhui Yan. "Delineation of the Development Boundary of the Central District of Zhengzhou, China." Land 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11091393.
Full textAbstract:
An urban development boundary is an effective means to guide urban development and restrain unplanned expansion of urban space. Scientifically-based delineation and control of the boundary can help with sustainable use of land resources and better spatial planning. This study took land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 for the central urban area of Zhengzhou and predicted the land use pattern in 2035. We used auto-logistic selection of driving factors, future land use simulation, and system dynamics models to delineate the development boundary of the central urban area. We complemented and optimized the boundary using agricultural and ecological perspectives. The results indicated the following: (1) The ROC values of land driving factors were greater than 0.75 in the regression test, and the Kappa and OA were greater than 0.92 in the accuracy test of land simulation results. (2) The boundary range initially delineated based on morphology was 2319 km2. There was a clear overall development trend of the central urban area to the east and southeast, which included the historical urban area of Zhengzhou and the new government planning area. (3) The optimized boundary of the central district area was 2209 km2, the ecological land control area was 136 km2, and the basic farmland protection area was 54 km2. The Yellow River, the airport, and the western, southern, and eastern areas were already formed. The study concluded that the delineated boundary was in line with the scientific concepts of ‘rigid’ and ‘flexible’ factors, which have positive effects on the protection of arable land resources and ecological land, as well as meeting the needs of urban development. The level of sustainable development of the region was effectively improved.
4
Logan, Cameron. "Beyond a Boundary: Washington’s Historic Districts and Their Racial Contents." Articles 41, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013764ar.
Full textAbstract:
Between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s there was a wave of citizen-initiated preservation activity in Washington, DC, much of it directed towards identifying and expanding neighbourhood historic districts. These efforts were driven by several different events and influences that coalesced in the period: a new sense of local control that came with the establishment of municipal self-government in the District of Columbia after 1975; the expectation that a comprehensive historic preservation law would be enacted in the district; the U.S. Supreme Court’s affirmation of the legality of preservation controls in 1978; and the renewed salience of the idea of place that affected everything from community art and neighbourhood activism to urban design and architectural theory. This paper addresses this moment of intense activity by investigating the ways in which preservation advocates in one neighbourhood, Dupont Circle, sought to expand their historic district. The proposal to add several square miles of new territory to the designated historic area was led by a predominantly white preservation organization, the Dupont Circle Conservancy. The proposal aroused significant opposition from a group calling itself the 14th and U Street Coalition, which styled itself as the representative of African-American interests and historical identity in neighbouring Shaw. They protested that the Dupont Circle preservationists were attempting to annex their neighbourhood and with it, their history. At first glance this conflict appears to be a predictable case of inner city gentrification fought along the lines of racial identity. But when examined more carefully, the series of claims and counter-claims embedded in the conflict exposed a more nuanced set of issues related to skin tone, class, and historical entitlement. The conflict highlighted the absence of any agreement about what constituted the historicity of such a historic area and cast doubt over who might be qualified speak on behalf of the history contained in such an area.
5
Li, B., Z. Xing, L. Miao, and S. Liu. "THREATS TO NORMAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE OF HISTORICAL CITIES IN CHINA: A CASE STUDY OF HISTORICAL CITIES AND TOWNS IN LIAONING PROVINCE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 773–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-773-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Located in the northeastern part of China, the stretch of land named Liaoning is a region historically characterised by the convergence of multiple ethnicities and cultures. It used to be the northeastern boundary of central China with an array of military cities and fortresses intensively built for military defence. Unlike palaces and gentry residences, vernacular residences and urban tissue existing widely in historical towns are excluded in the national protection schedule and have thus experienced different levels of damages. They feature a paradox that the general city form is well preserved whilst architectural forms are changed to a large extent. Most vernacular buildings have endured centennial baptisms, as evidenced by their architectural layouts, structures, roofing, walls, decorations etc. As most historical Chinese cities are not renowned tourist destinations, they are faced with various threats and are on the verge of extinction. The threats include the departure of young residents, decay of historical architecture, insufficient financial and technical support for architectural renovation, improper modifications by residents and demolition of entire historical neighbourhoods. Such threats are widespread in Chinese historical cities which are struggling to survive. Prior to the implementation of professional interventions, the urban forms and vernacular architecture of such historical cities should be studied. Through on-site investigation and query of historical data, especially the historical satellite city maps of U.S. Geological Survey, this study analyses the current life conditions in the context of traditional architecture, reveals problems in the use of historical architecture, identifies potential threats and summarises the underlying reasons. Suggestions benefitting local architectural conservation are then put forward.
6
Ricci, Alessio, Massimiliano Burlando, Andrea Freda, and Maria P. Repetto. "Wind tunnel measurements of the urban boundary layer development over a historical district in Italy." Building and Environment 111 (January 2017): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.10.016.
Full text
7
Hachimi, Atiqa. "The urban and the urbane: Identities, language ideologies, and Arabic dialects in Morocco." Language in Society 41, no. 3 (May 23, 2012): 321–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404512000279.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe migration of old-urban elites to new-urban areas has been given scant attention in the sociolinguistics of mobility. This article examines language ideologies of differentiation that emerged from the migration of Morocco's bona fide old-urban elite from the city of Fez (the Fessis) to the new metropolis of Casablanca. This understudied sociolinguistic encounter brings into sharp focus two quintessential old-urban and new-urban varieties of Arabic along with their complex indexical system that links linguistic forms to identities, lifestyles, and moralities. Based on ethnography and discourse analysis of interviews with two women of Fessi extraction in Casablanca (a migrant and a local-born), I provide an in-depth account of what sounding Fessi means and accomplishes—and fails to accomplish—for these women, showing in the process the (re)production and change of language ideologies. The article demonstrates how changes in indexicalities relate to ongoing group boundary reconfiguration and to processes of linguistic (non)accommodation. (Arabic, North Africa, language ideologies, indexicality, gender, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics of mobility, historical prestige, social reallocation)*
8
Guo, Weihong, Yaqian Ding, Guang Yang, and Xiao Liu. "Research on the Indicators of Sustainable Campus Renewal and Reconstruction in Pursuit of Continuous Historical and Regional Context." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 22, 2022): 1508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101508.
Full textAbstract:
As cities transition from incremental development to stock development, university campuses in suburban areas are progressively becoming urban university campuses. The stability of the boundary between urban university campuses and the city, along with the fact that the campus’s overall spatial capacity is reaching its maximum, makes it impossible for urban university campuses to have future spatial expansions. This article focused on the stock development, renewal, and transformation of urban campuses. From the perspective of urban university campus block morphology hierarchy and using the Wushan Campus of South China University of Technology in Guangzhou as an example, this study utilized urban morphology theory, data mining technology, big data collection, and visualization techniques to measure campus block morphology. Then, K-means clustering was utilized to classify the block form, and historical background research was employed to study the many forms of typical block form. Finally, the campus renewal and transformation guiding principles were introduced, and the control index of block form renewal and transformation was formed, evolving into the university campus block form renewal and transformation design technique. This strategy was used to investigate the general revitalization of college campuses.
9
JERRAM, LEIF. "Bureaucratic passions and the colonies of modernity: an urban elite, city frontiers and the rural other in Germany, 1890–1920." Urban History 34, no. 3 (December 2007): 390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807004919.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis article analyses the ways the urban boundary and the landscapes beyond it were culturally conceived and physically manipulated in Munich between about 1890 and 1920. It highlights planning practice outside the ‘canon’ of planning history, showing the importance of localized decision-taking in urban design. The article explores cities as cultural constructs and material artefacts in Germany as part of a broader project linking planning history to broader historical investigation, and tries to bridge the gap between the ‘material’ city as a physical space, and the ‘cultural’ city of language and symbols.
10
Gutman, Marta. "Introduction: Making and Unmaking Neighborhood Boundaries in Postwar U.S. Cities." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 6 (May 4, 2017): 1191–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217704129.
Full textAbstract:
This essay introduces the theme of this special issue, “Making and Unmaking Neighborhood Boundaries in Postwar U.S. Cities,” by tracing the enduring meanings of the words, neighbor, neighborliness, and neighborhood, and relating them to community, place, conduct, and the idea of dwelling, important in Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space. The four case studies in this issue highlight places, where neighborhood formation and boundary making stand out in the historical production of space, and are examples of the benefits of the recent spatial turn in urban history. By examining neighborhoods in San Francisco, Atlanta, and New York City, the authors topple assumptions that prop up postwar urban history and demonstrate the relevance of historical studies of neighborhoods to the crises of the present moment (and the need for more of the same).
11
Ulchitckii, Oleg Aleksandrovich. "Bolshekaraganskaya Valley – a Proto-Indo-European boundary of ancient civilization." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2020.2.30112.
Full textAbstract:
The object of this research is the territory of formation of fortified settlements of the Bronze Age in Southern Ural – Bolshekaraganskaya Valley and adjacent territory within the Chelyabinsk Region. The subject of this research is the territorial-geographic complexes and historical-theoretical approaches towards studying the fortified settlements of ancient Ural in dynamics of their development. The author explores such aspects of the topic, as the formation of the center and core of resettlement of the Bronze Age in the basin of Bolshaya Karaganka River, which joins Ural River in southern part of Chelyabinsk Region, the territory also known as Arkaimskaya Valley. Special attention is given to localization and layer-wise fixation of the fortified settlements, as well as typology of their morphogenesis. Research methodology is built on the theory of historical-architectural comparativism and comparative analysis of patterns of the fortified settlements in their layer wise fixation. The main conclusion is defined by the most comprehensive review of the typology of fortified settlements of South Ural of the Bronze Age. The analysis of planning analogues determined the typological and morphological similarity of the objects, succession of construction traditions in territories with the advanced urban development systems of Middle Asia. The results of analysis provided certain clarifications in determining the unique morphology of the plans of fortified settlements related to multi-functionality of the objects, virtually first known in history at the moment of research, living and industrial fortified structures with the dominant metallurgical function. The research results allow suggesting the origin of Sintashtinsko-Petrovsky city-forming fortification system in compliance with the ancient architectural and urban traditions in Middle Asia at the early development stages of Indo-European states.
12
Dall’Aglio, Pier Luigi, Mauro de Donatis, Carlotta Franceschelli, Cristiano Guerra, Veronica Guerra, Olivia Nesci, Daniela Piacentini, and Daniele Savelli. "Geomorphological and Anthropic Control of the Development of Some Adriatic Historical Towns (Italy) Since the Roman Age." Quaestiones Geographicae 36, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/quageo-2017-0028.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The geomorphological analysis of historically urbanized areas is the best scientific way to understand how the extant geomorphological factors conditioned urbanization. It also provides a baseline to enable comparisons to be made with the modern environment. This paper considers four urbanized historical sites on the Adriatic coast (Italy) that owe their urban development to particular geomorphological and environmental conditions that were modified over the centuries from the Roman age to the present day. The focus here is on the evolution of the shoreline and associated geomorphic variables (streambeds and river mouths migration). These factors are fundamental for determining the development of a city, both as basic boundary elements – therefore including defence and protection – and also for the development of harbours.
13
Pastukh, Olga, Andrey Vaitens, and Svetlana Golovina. "Construction of atrium in the Tula Kremlin: history, background and opportunities." MATEC Web of Conferences 193 (2018): 04012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819304012.
Full textAbstract:
The possibility of partial renovation of the historical center of Tula – Tula Kremlin is discussed. The formation of atrium space in the North-Western part of the Kremlin is considered. This conversion recreates the lost historical integrity of the ancient ensemble and creates new possibilities of use of the historic center of the ancient Russian town. Initially, the urban space of the Tula Kremlin was limited by a wall, but with the lapse of time, the city went beyond that boundary. Initially, the Kremlin had all the fullness of urban functions, but the majority of these functions have been gradually lost, it evolved primarily in a large public center, and nowadays it has become an object of museum-tourist destination. The concept of "Kremlin" includes as a mandatory component outlined urban space, formation of which complies its own laws in the interaction of many different factors: system of spatial and visual relations, temples, city gates and towers. The reconstruction of historic integrity of ancient ensembles was begun within the framework of the Federal State Program, possible ways of its recovery are considered.
14
Egberts, Linde. "Moving beyond the hard boundary." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 62–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-12-2016-0067.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the consequences of a nature-culture divide in spatial policy on cultural heritage in the Dutch Wadden Sea area, which is protected by UNESCO for its ecological assets. Design/methodology/approach This paper investigates this by discussing the international and national policy frameworks and regional examples of the consequences of the divide. Findings The effects of the nature-culture divide appear to be negative for the landscape. Approaching the Wadden Sea Region as an agricultural-maritime landscape could help overcome the fixation on nature vs culture and the hardness of the sea dikes as spatial boundaries between the two domains. A reconsideration of the trilateral Wadden Sea region as a mixed World Heritage Site could lead to a more integrated perspective. Originality/value These findings inform policy development and the management of landscape and heritage in the region. This case forms an example for other European coastal regions that struggle with conflicting natural and cultural-historical interests.
15
Ma, Shifa, Haiyan Jiang, Xiwen Zhang, Dixiang Xie, Yunnan Cai, Yabo Zhao, and Guanwei Wang. "Quantify the Potential Spatial Reshaping Utility of Urban Growth Boundary (UGB): Evidence from the Constrained Scenario Simulation Model." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2022): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11100511.
Full textAbstract:
Many countries, including China, have implemented the spatial government policy widely known as urban growth boundary (UGB) for managing future urban growth. However, few studies have asked why we need UGB, especially pre-evaluating the utility of UGB for reshaping the future spatial patterns of cities. In this research, we proposed a constrained urban growth simulation model (CUGSM) which coupled Markov chain (MC), random forest (RF), and patch growth based cellular automata (Patch-CA) to simulate urban growth. The regulatory effect of UGB was coupled with CUGSM based on a random probability game method. Guangzhou city, a metropolitan area located in the Peral River Delta of China, was taken as a case study. Historical urban growth from 1995 to 2005 and random forests were used to calibrate the conversion rules of Patch-CA, and the urban patterns simulated and observed in 2015 were used to identify the simulation accuracy. The results showed that the Kappa and figure of merit (FOM) indices of the unconstrained Patch-CA were just 0.7914 and 0.1930, respectively, which indicated that the actual urban growth was reshaped by some force beyond what Patch-CA has learned. We further compared the simulation scenarios in 2035 with and without considering the UGB constraint, and the difference between them is as high as 21.14%, which demonstrates that UGB plays an important role in the spatial reshaping of future urban growth. Specifically, the newly added urban land outside the UGB has decreased from 25.13% to 16.86% after considering the UGB constraint; particularly, the occupation of agricultural space and ecological space has been dramatically reduced. This research has demonstrated that the utility of UGB for reshaping future urban growth is pronounced, and it is necessary for the Chinese government to further strengthen UGB policy to promote sustainable urban growth.
16
Georgiou, E. –S. "THE GREEK – ROMAN AQUEDUCT: THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION WITH TERRESTRIAL PHOTOGRAPHY." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-5/W1-2022 (February 3, 2022): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-5-w1-2022-103-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The current paper is a part of the scientific category HBIM, with ground photography and photogrammetric processing. The photogrammetry is an important tool for recording, storing, promoting and documenting buildings. The purpose of the work is to construct a three-dimensional model of the Greek-Roman aqueduct of the city of Kavala, in northern Greece. First of all, the aqueduct has a very important historical and aesthetic value for the city, because it is a tourist attraction. Also, it is an urban physical boundary, which separates part of the old town from the new roads of the coastal front. Moreover, the methodology was based on photographic shots, then on photogrammetric processing with Zephyr software. The methodology of the 3D model had as a purpose the terrestrial photography in a rapid and effective way. The result, of the work is the presentation of the three-dimensional model of the aqueduct, the analysis of the methodological steps of photogrammetric processing and the analysis of the historical transformation of the aqueduct area by a medieval and modern coastal city. The advantages of photogrammetric documentation have a role in the storage of the three-dimensional form of the historical building and in the smart promotion of its historical, touristic, urban aspects.
17
Yang, Zhao, Francina Dominguez, Hoshin Gupta, Xubin Zeng, and Laura Norman. "Urban Effects on Regional Climate: A Case Study in the Phoenix and Tucson “Sun Corridor”." Earth Interactions 20, no. 20 (August 1, 2016): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/ei-d-15-0027.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) due to urban expansion alter the surface albedo, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the surface. Consequently, the energy balance in urban regions is different from that of natural surfaces. To evaluate the changes in regional climate that could arise because of projected urbanization in the Phoenix–Tucson corridor, Arizona, this study applied the coupled WRF Model–Noah–Urban Canopy Model (UCM; which includes a detailed urban radiation scheme) to this region. Land-cover changes were represented using land-cover data for 2005 and projections to 2050, and historical North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data were used to specify the lateral boundary conditions. Results suggest that temperature changes will be well defined, reflecting the urban heat island (UHI) effect within areas experiencing LULCC. Changes in precipitation are less robust but seem to indicate reductions in precipitation over the mountainous regions northeast of Phoenix and decreased evening precipitation over the newly urbanized area.
18
Deng, Zhang, Yixing Chen, Xiao Pan, Zhiwen Peng, and Jingjing Yang. "Integrating GIS-Based Point of Interest and Community Boundary Datasets for Urban Building Energy Modeling." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041049.
Full textAbstract:
Urban building energy modeling (UBEM) is arousing interest in building energy modeling, which requires a large building dataset as an input. Building use is a critical parameter to infer archetype buildings for UBEM. This paper presented a case study to determine building use for city-scale buildings by integrating the Geographic Information System (GIS) based point-of-interest (POI) and community boundary datasets. A total of 68,966 building footprints, 281,767 POI data, and 3367 community boundaries were collected for Changsha, China. The primary building use was determined when a building was inside a community boundary (i.e., hospital or residential boundary) or the building contained POI data with main attributes (i.e., hotel or office building). Clustering analysis was used to divide buildings into sub-types for better energy performance evaluation. The method successfully identified building uses for 47,428 buildings among 68,966 building footprints, including 34,401 residential buildings, 1039 office buildings, 141 shopping malls, and 932 hotels. A validation process was carried out for 7895 buildings in the downtown area, which showed an overall accuracy rate of 86%. A UBEM case study for 243 office buildings in the downtown area was developed with the information identified from the POI and community boundary datasets. The proposed building use determination method can be easily applied to other cities. We will integrate the historical aerial imagery to determine the year of construction for a large scale of buildings in the future.
19
Lin, Liying, Desheng Xue, and Yi Yu. "Reconfiguration of Cultural Resources for Tourism in Urban Villages—A Case Study of Huangpu Ancient Village in Guangzhou." Land 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040563.
Full textAbstract:
In the course of China’s rapid urbanization, rural places are brought into urban areas, forming semi-urbanization. These semi-urbanized sites suggest a dual urban–rural structure in their form and management. With the slowing down of urbanization, the Chinese government adopted heritage tourism to boost the local economy. Local historic buildings and cultural resources were regenerated and restored in this process. This paper aims at examining the role of heritage tourism in blurring the boundary of rurality and urbanity, boosting local economy, and revitalizing the areas with cultural-led development. In this paper, we analyzed the Huangpu Ancient Village’s regeneration process. We argue that the Huangpu Ancient Village integrates local historical and cultural resources to boost the local economy, simultaneously adopting urban renewal and rural revival strategies. This paper contributes to the body of literature addressing villages in urban areas, breaking the duality of urbanity and rurality.
20
Thawaba, Salem A. "Jerusalem Walls: Transforming and Segregating Urban Fabric." African and Asian Studies 10, no. 2-3 (2011): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156921011x586997.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractJerusalem city witnessing last touches of constructing the Israeli wall that came as a part of a general strategy aim to separate the city from its periphery. The city, that includes about 400,000 Palestinians considered as the hub of fifty Palestinian communities. This structure is interlinked by complex cultural, social, and economic relationships. This aims to de facto annex vast areas to Israel using different means like land confiscations, colonial activities and finally constructing the wall in order to reach the city “Israelization”. Israel claims that Jerusalem is an open city as was declared immediately after 1967. On the ground, since 1967, Israel created different kinds of walls to divide Jerusalem into Palestinian enclaves and Israeli contiguous urban scheme (Hasson, 1996). This study investigates the impact of Israeli policies on Jerusalem area since 1948. Since then all planning practices were directed to isolate Jerusalem by cutting off all surrounding Arab communities. The aim of the study is to shed light on the hidden agenda of the Israeli planning strategies and its impact on the Palestinian urban structure. In order to assess the urban settings for the study area, aerial photos were analyzed, field visits, literature and historical review were conducted. The outcome of the study shows that Israeli planning machine in the area was aiming to enlarge “Greater Jerusalem” area by annexing as much land as possible within the city boundary. Another aim was to weaken and segregate the surrounding Palestinian communities in away to make it impossible for these communities to form a center as a Palestinian hub competing the historical hub of Jerusalem.
21
Van Mil, Yvonne, and Reinout Rutte. "Urbanization Patterns around the North Sea: Long-Term Population Dynamics, 1300–2015." Urban Planning 6, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i3.4099.
Full textAbstract:
Around the North Sea, how have port cities and cities in the hinterlands of port cities influenced one another in the past? What possible links are there between population trends in various urban areas and time periods? Is it possible to identify the origin of the urbanization patterns around the North Sea? To understand the current era of urbanization, we need to analyze historical trends and urbanization patterns in the long term. By mapping the population figures for eight moments in history and combining this with data on political boundaries and large infrastructures that facilitate flows of goods and people, this article aims to contribute to an improved understanding of contemporary and historical urbanization trends around the North Sea. It also presents the first spatial dataset on urban settlements around the North Sea by means of a series of demographic maps, from 1300 to 2015. It provides a detailed explanation of the method used for mapping and handling demographical data. Each map is accompanied by a brief explanation of the urbanization pattern, with special attention to identifying demographic and economic developments and possible clarifications for centers of gravity and shifts. The maps lay the foundation for further research on social patterns and spatial developments in urban (port) regions around the North Sea and for understanding urban culture through space and time. Port cities must be analyzed from the perspective of the sea, which requires a rethinking of data sets and data borders, to understand the ways in which these port cities have served as porous distribution hubs and as transit nodes for boundary-crossing flows.
22
Mao, Kainan, Yuehong Chen, Guohao Wu, Junwang Huang, Wanying Yang, and Zelong Xia. "Measuring Spatial Accessibility of Urban Fire Services Using Historical Fire Incidents in Nanjing, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 10 (October 6, 2020): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9100585.
Full textAbstract:
The measurement of spatial accessibility of fire services is a key task in enhancing fire response efficiency and minimizing property losses and deaths. Recently, the two-step floating catchment area method and its modified versions have been widely applied. However, the circle catchment areas used in these methods are not suitable for measuring the accessibility of fire services because each fire station is often responsible for the fire incidents within its coverage. Meanwhile, most existing methods take the demographic data and their centroids of residential areas as the demands and locations, respectively, which makes it difficult to reflect the actual demands and locations of fire services. Thus, this paper proposes a fixed-coverage-based two-step floating catchment area (FC2SFCA) method that takes the fixed service coverage of fire stations as the catchment area and the locations and dispatched fire engines of historical fire incidents as the demand location and size, respectively, to measure the spatial accessibility of fire services. Using a case study area in Nanjing, China, the proposed FC2SFCA and enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) are employed to measure and compare the spatial accessibility of fire incidents and fire stations. The results show that (1) the spatial accessibility across Nanjing, China is unbalanced, with relatively high spatial accessibility in the areas around fire stations and the southwest and northeast at the city center area and relatively low spatial accessibility in the periphery and boundary of the service coverage areas and the core of the city center; (2) compared with E2SFCA, FC2SFCA is less influenced by other fire stations and provides greater actual fire service accessibility; (3) the spatial accessibility of fire services is more strongly affected by the number of fire incidents than firefighting capabilities, the area of service coverage, or the average number of crossroads (per kilometer). Suggestions are then made to improve the overall spatial access to fire services.
23
Kristovich, David A. R., Eugene Takle, George S. Young, and Ashish Sharma. "100 Years of Progress in Mesoscale Planetary Boundary Layer Meteorological Research." Meteorological Monographs 59 (January 1, 2019): 19.1–19.41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/amsmonographs-d-18-0023.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter outlines the development of our understanding of several examples of mesoscale atmospheric circulations that are tied directly to surface forcings, starting from thermally driven variations over the ocean and progressing inland to man-made variations in temperature and roughness, and ending with forced boundary layer circulations. Examples include atmospheric responses to 1) overocean temperature variations, 2) coastlines (sea breezes), 3) mesoscale regions of inland water (lake-effect storms), and 4) variations in land-based surface usage (urban land cover). This chapter provides brief summaries of the historical evolution of, and tools for, understanding such mesoscale atmospheric circulations and their importance to the field, as well as physical processes responsible for initiating and determining their evolution. Some avenues of future research we see as critical are provided. The American Meteorological Society (AMS) has played a direct and important role in fostering the development of understanding mesoscale surface-forced circulations. The significance of AMS journal publications and conferences on this and interrelated atmospheric, oceanic, and hydrological fields, as well as those by sister scientific organizations, are demonstrated through extensive relevant citations.
24
Cardinali, V., M. T. Cristofaro, M. Ferrini, R. Nudo, B. Paoletti, and M. Tanganelli. "AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH FOR THE SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL CENTRES IN MASONRY BUILDING AGGREGATES: APPLICATION TO THE CITY OF SCARPERIA, ITALY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-667-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The seismic vulnerability of masonry building aggregates is very difficult to determine, since it is affected by many uncertainties. The most uncertain quantities concern the historical periodization of structural aggregates. Moreover, the studies made at the urban scale can hardly be thorough, and usually the knowledge achieved on the single units is not fully satisfactory, so that the structural designer has to deal with uncompleted architectonical surveys and partial data; one of the most important problems concerns the lack of knowledge about the boundary conditions between adjacent structures. In order to perform mechanical analyses, an extensive knowledge of materials and techniques adopted is required. In this paper, an integrated methodology for the seismic assessment of building aggregate is presented. It concerns a multidisciplinary knowledge-based approach calibrated over the historical centres and the urban aggregates; the procedure joins different aspects, such as the use of modern technologies for an integrated knowledge, plans reconstructions through archival documents, laser scanner digital survey of urban fronts, non-destructive investigations of the materials. GIS and BIM platforms have been used to implement and collect data in order to perform detailed analyses. The information allowed to assess the seismic vulnerability of the building aggregates and the expected damage scenarios through empirical methodologies. The city of Scarperia, founded a few kilometres from Florence during the Medieval Age and characterized by a medium seismicity, has been chosen as a case study for the presented procedure.
25
Sánchez-Ramos, Irene, Javier Francisco Raposo Grau, Fernando Meseguer-Garrido, and David Mediavilla-Martín. "Energy and comfort. The historical evolution of the façade in Western Architecture." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 9, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2022.16542.
Full textAbstract:
The envelope is considered to be the boundary between the outside and the inside of a building. The aim of this study is to analyze both the process that led the concept of the façade to evolve in Western architecture and the repercussions of such evolution, focusing on energy consumption and comfort. The entire evolution of the façade has been closely related to the evolution of materials and construction technologies. The comfort and energy characteristics of architecture have always been determined by the materials and construction technologies employed in façades. Architecture has improved in technical aspects, especially in terms of lighting and thermal comfort. Nevertheless, thermal comfort is usually linked to energy consumption, which is the parameter that has increased the most in this development, with the only exception being sustainable architecture.
26
Fukushima, Nobuo, Naoko Itaya, Kanefusa Masuda, Takeyuki Okubo, and Masafumi Yamasaki. "The Meaning of “Fuchi” and the Scenic Landscape Role in Historic Kyoto’s Disaster Mitigation - “Fuchi” Use Until Scenic Landscape Setup Under the Old City Planning Act and Scenic Landscape Regulation Management in Kyoto -." Journal of Disaster Research 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 96–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2011.p0096.
Full textAbstract:
We clarified scenic landscape district by analyzing the importance of the term “scenic landscape” itself and its practical use and identified disastermitigationmeasures for historical urban environments. The term “scenic landscape” is categorized mainly based on two meanings given by the national language dictionary of Japan; “elegance (omomuki, 趣)” and “personal quality (hitogara, 人柄).” The term is used to indicate psychological appraisal based on an aesthetic sense, not used to indicate a physical boundary. During post-Meiji-era modernization, the term “scenic landscape” acquired the added meaning of “elegant landscape,” a feature perceived by sight encompassing the meaning of “things to be preserved” – “scenic landscape district” thus came to mean an “elegant” scenic landscape and was established as a district system in the City Planning Act. The objectives of establishing a “scenic landscape district” were to preserve a historic site”s cultural heritage (core zone) and to maintain elegant landscapes (buffer zones) having historical value.
27
Snyder, Robert W. "Sounding the Powers of Place in Neighborhoods: Responses to the Urban Crisis in Washington Heights and New York City." Journal of Urban History 46, no. 6 (May 9, 2017): 1290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217704131.
Full textAbstract:
As scholars move from studying the city as the setting for larger social processes to exploring how cities play constitutive roles in historical change, it is important to explore the most fundamental and complex unit of urban life—the neighborhood—in all its subjective meanings and dimensions. This essay, which builds on my book, Crossing Broadway: Washington Heights and the Promise of New York City (Cornell, 2015), examines how residents of the Washington Heights section of northern Manhattan, who mentally divided their neighborhood into smaller and separate enclaves, overcame their divisions to avert the worst threats of the urban crisis in impressive displays of collective efficacy. Residents crossed and redefined neighborhood boundaries to preserve housing, empower Dominican immigrants, reduce crime, and recover parks and public spaces that had been damaged by neglect and violence. Ironically, the success of their efforts set off a surge in gentrification that threatens to displace poor and working-class residents. The study of their efforts, especially with oral history interviews, reveals the micro-neighborhoods that exist within a neighborhood boundary, the importance of thinking about space in urban culture and politics, and the value and limits of neighborhood action for social change.
28
Mitchell, Stuart, Fay Oliver, and Tim Neighbour. "A social history of 19th-century farm workers and their families, at Jack's Houses, Kirkliston, Midlothian." Scottish Archaeological Internet Reports, no. 33 (2009): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/issn.2056-7421.2009.33.1-34.
Full textAbstract:
The remains of two 19th-century row cottages and associated structures and deposits were discovered at Jack's Houses, near Kirkliston (NGR: NT 1235 7540). Nearby agricultural remains included a field system with boundary walls, drains and a draw well. A large rubbish dump containing pottery and ceramics has been interpreted as urban waste imported to the site to be added to the land in order to break up the clay soil for cultivation. A historical study undertaken in combination with the archaeological work afforded a view into the lives of the transient agricultural labourers and their families who occupied the houses over a century. The combined disciplines have provided us with a rare insight into a part of rural social history from the early mid-19th to the early 20th centuries.
29
Leader, Noam, Yoram Yom-Tov, and Jonathan Wright. "MICROGEOGRAPHIC SONG DIALECTS IN THE ORANGE-TUFTED SUNBIRD (NECTARINIA OSEA)." Behaviour 137, no. 12 (2000): 1613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853900502745.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn a study of male song in the orange-tufted sunbird (Nectarinia osea) in an urban neighborhood in Ramat-Aviv, Israel, we discovered the occurrence of song variation on a microgeographic scale in the form of two distinct dialects with a sharp boundary between them. The main distinction between the two song dialects is the frequency of the trill, which comprises the terminal part of the song. A large difference of 2-3 kHz in the peak frequency of the trill was discovered between the two dialects, which could be easily distinguished by ear. Thirtyseven males were recorded singing the 'low' dialect and 21 birds sang the 'high' dialect. Four other birds sang both dialects or 'hybrid' songs. Along the boundary that separated the two dialect populations, neighboring birds sang different dialect songs, although they were only 20-30 meters apart. All four 'bilingual' birds occupied territories near the dialect boundary. The historical processes leading to the formation of this dialect system may result from the pattern of human settlement at the time of the establishment of this neighborhood in the early 1950's. The spatial distribution of the two sunbird dialect populations, and the apparent low dispersal rates of birds from their natal dialect area, suggest the existence of a mechanism, which currently maintains these dialects at the current boundaries.
30
Li, Shuang, Zhongqiu Sun, Yafei Wang, and Yuxia Wang. "Understanding Urban Growth in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region over the Past 100 Years Using Old Maps and Landsat Data." Remote Sensing 13, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 3264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13163264.
Full textAbstract:
Studying urban expansion from a longer-term perspective is of great significance to obtain an in-depth understanding of the process of urbanization. Remote sensing data are mostly selected to investigate the long-term expansion of cities. In this study, we selected the world-class urban agglomeration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) as the study area, and then discussed how to make full use of multi-source, multi-category, and multi-temporal spatial data (old maps and remote sensing images) to study long-term urbanization. Through this study, we addressed three questions: (1) How much has the urban area in BTH expanded in the past 100 years? (2) How did the urban area expand in the past century? (3) What factors or important historical events have changed the development of cities with different functions? By comprehensively using urban spatial data, such as old maps and remote sensing images, geo-referencing them, and extracting built-up area information, a long-term series of urban built-up areas in the BTH region can be obtained. Results show the following: (1) There was clear evidence of dramatic urban expansion in this area, and the total built-up area had increased by 55.585 times, from 126.181 km2 to 7013.832 km2. (2) Continuous outward expansion has always been the main trend, while the compactness of the built-up land within the city is constantly decreasing and the complexity of the city boundary is increasing. (3) Cities in BTH were mostly formed through the construction of city walls during the Ming and Qing dynasties, and the expansion process was mostly highly related to important political events, traffic development, and other factors. In summary, the BTH area, similarly to China and most regions of the world, has experienced rapid urbanization and the history of such ancient cities should be further preserved with the combined use of old maps.
31
Leng, C., J. Duan, C. Xu, H. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Wang, X. Li, et al. "Insights into a historic severe haze weather in Shanghai: synoptic situation, boundary layer and pollutants." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 22 (November 19, 2015): 32561–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-32561-2015.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. A historic winter haze weather, characterized by long duration, large scale and strong pollution intensity, occurred in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China during the time frame of 1 to 10 December 2013. This severe haze event constituted of several hazy episodes and significantly influenced air quality throughout the region, especially in urban areas. Aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties were measured in Shanghai, where the instantaneous particulate mass burden per volume (e.g. PM2.5) exceeded 600 μg m−3 in some time, breaking the existing historical observation records, and examined to give insights into severe haze weathers. Inorganic water-soluble ions in particles, trace gases and aerosol scattering/absorption coefficients had the same tendency to increase evidently from clear episodes to hazy episodes. A combination of various factors contributed to the formation and evolution of the severe haze, among which meteorological conditions, local anthropogenic emissions and aerosol properties played the major roles. During the haze weather, the YRD region was under the control of a high-pressure system with extremely small surface pressure gradients. The calm surface wind and subsidence airflow were responsible for decreasing planetary boundary layer (PBL) height and constructive to the build-up of air pollutants wandering inside the region, and ultimately induced the haze occurrence. Nonlinear regression analyses indicated that single water-soluble ion did not correlated with the atmospheric visibility degradation so strong, while high ambient relative humidity (RH) indeed exerted a great impact with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.41. Moreover, the close relationship was derived between atmospheric visibility and aerosols in size of 600–1400 nm with R2 of 0.70, which further improved to 0.73 when combined aerosol hygroscopicity. This study may provide supports for the public and authorities to recognize severe haze weathers in urban environments, and act as a reference for forecasting and eliminating the occurrences of regional atmospheric pollutions in China.
32
Aouad, David, and Noushig Kaloustian. "Sustainable Beirut City Planning Post August 2020 Port of Beirut Blast: Case Study of Karantina in Medawar District." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (June 5, 2021): 6442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116442.
Full textAbstract:
The 4 August 2020 Port of Beirut blast caused material damage to an estimated 77,000 apartments located across 10,000 buildings within a 3 km radius of the blast, impacting around 300,000, people predominantly in the municipality of Karantina, which is situated adjacent to the Port of Beirut. The blast shed light on the instability and unsustainable development approach of the city of Beirut since well before the French mandate circa 1921–1940. The impact of the blast provides an opportunity to reassess the relationship between many relevant aspects of the city planning including but not limited to: the relationship of the city to its suburbs, waterfront, and city center; the lack of local planning and cross sectorial master plans; the preservation of the heritage versus the complexity of its urban development; the city growth and increased haphazard urbanization; the infrastructure/service systems that have over the years become increasingly deficient; the lack of public spaces; impacts on urban climate; and the urban divide and inequality that have only grown deeper since the blast, all of which have a combined and adverse impact on the quality of city life. This paper analyzes the most suitable indicators that one must highlight within the context of Beirut city to propose a better and sustainable quality of life with a focus on areas that were significantly impacted by the recent POB blast, namely Karantina. Examples of indicators which were analyzed include sustainable urban design, open spaces, heritage, infrastructure, and urban fabric. The results indicated that the following four main urban design features help improve the quality of life in Karantina, including: (i) connecting areas of Karantina and Mar Mkhael through the reactivation of vacant lots; (ii) reactivation of Ibrahim Bacha and El-Khodr Streets; (iii) redefining the historical El Khodr Mosque boundary and reclaiming its role as an urban landmark; and (iv) integration of classified built heritage. These parameters are necessary to improve the quality of life. The benefits of community participation are also assessed in the improvement and sustainable planning of the city of Beirut.
33
Milford, C., C. Marrero, C. Martin, J. J. Bustos, and X. Querol. "Forecasting the air pollution episode potential in the Canary Islands." Advances in Science and Research 2, no. 1 (April 9, 2008): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-2-21-2008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In the frame of the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch Urban Research Meteorology and Environment programme (GURME), a system for forecasting air pollution episode potential in the Canary Islands has been developed. Meteorological parameters relevant to air quality (synoptic wind speed, wind direction, boundary layer height and temperature at 91 vertical levels) are obtained from the European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) once a day for up to four days ahead. In addition, a model based on the analogue method utilising six years of historical meteorological and air quality data predicts the probability of SO2 concentration exceeding certain thresholds for a measurement station located in Santa Cruz de Tenerife. Meteorological forecasts are also provided from a high resolution (2 km) local area model (MM5) implemented for the Canary Islands domain. This simple system is able to forecast meteorological conditions which are favourable to the occurrence of pollution episodes for the forthcoming days.
34
Mohamed, Syahidah Amni, Nor Zalina Harun, Nor Haslina Ja'afar, and Nurul Izzati Othmani. "Urban Morphological Analysis Framework for Sustainable Malay Town Transition in Response to COVID 19." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 9, no. 2-2 (July 14, 2022): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v9.n2-2.1023.
Full textAbstract:
Current approaches applied in the historical analysis on the morphological evolution of early Malay towns primarily focused on describing how cities were formed and transformed without much emphasis on how they can be analysed. Considering cities as urban organisms experiencing rapid growth, achieving a sustainable urban transition would be impossible without understanding the process of initial formation and spatial uniqueness that comprise the Malay town. However, analysing the particular kind of processes requires a comprehensive understanding of each hierarchical level of morphological elements, which, therefore, posed a greater challenge in excerpting Malay town's dynamic and organic growth pattern-development. This study attempt to develop the methodological process of urban morphological analysis framework concerning the Malay town context. With the adoption of the historic-geographical approach as the method of analysis, the study applied two different spatial scales as the basis of the analysis process, that is, plan-units analysis and morphological evolution analysis. The findings unveiled the inherent morphogenesis processes of Malay towns central to the spatial structure of Kota, represent a town that functioned as a territorial base with settlements of Kampung as the archetype of the morphological unit. Through depicting the spatial boundary of Dalam Kota and Luar Kota, the fixation line of the growth process in Malay town can be identified, which is imperative to the functioning system of the town. Accordingly, developing the systematic morphological analysis process aids in providing a clear and responsive strategy for managing the changing process of Malay towns to ensure a sustainable transition for resilient communities and territories
35
Ubarevičienė, Rūta, and Donatas Burneika. "Fast and uncoordinated suburbanization of Vilnius in the context of depopulation in Lithuania." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 8, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 44–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2020-0022.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractLike many other Central and Eastern European countries Lithuania has been experiencing significant socio-spatial transformations since the 1990s. One of the most prominent of these transformations is associated with the residential suburbanization of its major cities. The suburbs are the only areas in Lithuania where the population has been growing in recent decades, while the country has lost almost one quarter of its population. Although, extensive urban growth is a common feature for all large Lithuanian cities, it is more noticeable in Vilnius. Due to its historical and geographical context, Vilnius, and the region surrounding it, is in an area where rural-urban transformation also means transformation of the social, ethnic, and political landscape. The aim of this article is to obtain more insight into the recent process of the fast, but weakly controlled, residential suburbanization of Vilnius. The focus is on understanding the scale of suburbanization and its impact on the social and physical environment. In this study, we use quantitative data on population and residential constructions as well as presenting some visual material. Our results show that the new suburban-style settlements are spatially dispersed. New residential areas have emerged within the city limits, along its administrative boundary as well as in the most peripheral parts of the Vilnius metropolitan region. In terms of the morphology and physiognomy, a great suburban diversity exists in and around Vilnius, and different building styles are mixed creating a rather chaotic landscape, with little interference from urban planners and no clear vision for the future.
36
Wang, Xuewei, Shuangli Ding, Weidong Cao, Dalong Fan, and Bin Tang. "Research on Network Patterns and Influencing Factors of Population Flow and Migration in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 21, 2020): 6803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176803.
Full textAbstract:
Through the construction of a population flow and migration relationship matrix, this paper analyzes population flow and migration in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration during the Spring Festival travel rush and daily period. This paper also studies the urban network spatial structure characteristics and the influencing factors from the perspective of inter-provincial population flow and migration. The results show the following: (1) as a central city, Shanghai has a significant siphon effect, with Suzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Wuxi and Changzhou accumulating 86.95% of the incoming population. The Shanghai–Jiangsu cross-border floating population is active and accounts for 40.83% of the total mobility scale in the same period. The population flow and migration network in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration shows obvious hierarchical characteristics. The secondary network relationship during the Spring Festival travel rush is the main migration path, while the first-level network relationship in the daily period is the main flow path. (2) Three indicators, namely, the network density, mean centrality, and control force based on the population flow and migration, consistently show that the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration network presents a strong connection state with the formation of a local cluster structure, highlighting that the city tightness in terms of population flow and migration also has dual attributes, which refers to “the restriction of the geographic space effect” and “overcoming the friction of space”. (3) Economic scale, political resources, industrial structure, and the historical basis are important factors influencing the formation of population flows and migration networks. Employment opportunities and labor wages are key guiding factors of the population migration direction, and spatial distance is a conditional factor influencing the formation of population flows and migration networks. The inter-provincial boundary, temporal distance, and transboundary frequency are the decisive factors for the formation of network patterns of population flow and migration.
37
Lin, Yi, Bing Liu, Feng Xie, and Wen Wei Ren. "Land Use/Land Cover Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques: Case Study of Qingpu District, Shanghai." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 5704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.5704.
Full textAbstract:
This paper illustrates almost twenty years (1986～2007) of Land use/land cover change (LULCC) in Qingpu-one district of Shanghai. Qingpu District is an area of Upper Huangpu Catchment for fresh water supply with considerable ecological value, but it is also experiencing urban sprawl from development. To reveal the trends underlie LULCC, we propose a novel procedure to quantify different land use/land covers and implement it in the case study. In this procedure, we first collect historical remote-sensing data and co-registered or corrected them to the same spatial resolution and radioactive level. Based upon preliminary interpretation or investigation, land use/land cover types in study area can be included in 5 categories, i.e. Water, Agricultural Land, Urban or Built-up Land, Forest Land, and Barren Land or others. Moreover, data is clipped via boundary of study area for reducing computation load, followed by FPCR-ISODATA classification to divide the data into k groups (k>the number of land types). After postprocessing, e.g., merge the same connoted subgroups and correct misclassified units accompany with validation and verification, the detailed land use/land cover results can be achieved accurately. The quantitative and regression analysis indicate that during the past twenty years the area of agricultural land of Qingpu decreased coupled with urban or built-up area increased linearly. The water area had the minimum change during the decades. Forests had the smallest average proportion (9.6%) of the total area. It occupied so small proportion of land that we can only find points of it in the maps. Barren land can be an indicator for monitoring uncompleted redevelopment or transition of land.
38
Claypool, Lisa. "Feminine Orientalism or Modern Enchantment? Peiping and the Graphic Artists Elizabeth Keith and Bertha Lum, 1920s–1930s." Nan Nü 16, no. 1 (September 10, 2014): 91–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685268-00161p04.
Full textAbstract:
The ideological suppositions, images, and fantasy associated with orientalism has given rise to the conceptualization of a materialist “feminine orientalism.” The term refers to an historical moment in the early twentieth century when white women in Europe and North America defined their social roles and gender by appropriating male orientalist politics and ideology. This article challenges the concept of “feminine orientalism” through the study of the prints and travel writing of two modern graphic artists who sojourned in Republican-era Peiping in the 1920s and 1930s: Bertha Lum and Elizabeth Keith. Through close formal analysis of the new visions of Peiping that the two women conjured in their prints – a vision that relied as heavily on urban ethnography as it did on fantasy – it proposes an alternative concept of “modern enchantment” as a heuristic device to interpret gender. Drawing from Wolfgang Iser’s notions of the “fictive,” “modern enchantment” lays as much weight on Weberian modern rationality as it does on imagination, and critically functions as a means to recuperate cultural boundary crossing in female gender performance and construction.
39
BOWEN, JAMES P. "‘Before the breaking of the day, in a riotous manner and with great shouts and outcries’: Disputes over Common Land in Shropshire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Rural History 26, no. 2 (September 2, 2015): 133–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793315000011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract:Enclosure disputes have long attracted attention given their perceived political motivations, the importance of custom and customary practices in legitimising action and various forms of protest. Based on research undertaken at local and national record offices and the study of both written records and maps, this paper explores a series of disputes over common land in the wood-pasture countryside of Shropshire, placing them within the wider historiography concerning enclosure riots and popular protest. It complements the existing body of local and regional studies which have provided insight into the national historical context of the enclosure process. Historians need to examine economic and social developments at a local level to ascertain the causation of enclosure protest and the motivation of those involved. This evidence suggests that disputes arose between lords and tenants over the loss of customary rights and also neighbouring manorial lords as a result of ownership or boundary disputes.
40
Carotenuto, Matthew, and Katherine Luongo. "Navigating the Kenya National Archives: Research and its Role in Kenyan Society." History in Africa 32 (2005): 445–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Situated at the edge of the central business district in downtown Nairobi, the Kenya National Archives (KNA) is a reservoir and living example of historical and ethnographic knowledge. Straddling the boundary between “tourist” Nairobi and “real” Nairobi, the KNA inhabits a space that transcends both function and class in a cosmopolitan, urban setting. The archives look out on the landmark Hilton Hotel, together with the swarms of up-market tourists and wealthy locals it attracts. On the KNA's rear, Tom Mboya street serves a modern gateway to the crushing, chaotic avenues and alleys that the vast majority of Nairobi's citizens tread daily as they depart from and return to the stark realities of Nairobi's eastern slums. Engulfed by the wailing horns of passing matatus and the rhythmic calls of street hawkers, the spaces inside and outside the archive offer a rich terrain for social scientists interested in both contemporary and historical Kenya.The composition of the KNA's clientele also reflects the boundaries that the archives span. Throughout the day, international tourists and local schoolchildren trickle into the groundfloor museum (currently undergoing a major renovation supported by the Ford Foundation) to view the extensive collection of artifacts and photographs representing Kenya's diverse cultures and rich history. Tucked away upstairs, a broad spectrum of patrons works and studies in the archives' reading room, using the KNA's resources for a variety of professional and personal projects.
41
Viana, Cláudia M., Luis Encalada, and Jorge Rocha. "The value of OpenStreetMap Historical Contributions as a Source of Sampling Data for Multi‑temporal Land Use/Cover Maps." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030116.
Full textAbstract:
OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a free, open-access Volunteered geographic information (VGI) platform that has been widely used over the last decade as a source for Land Use Land Cover (LULC) mapping and visualization. However, it is known that the spatial coverage and accuracy of OSM data are not evenly distributed across all regions, with urban areas being likelier to have promising contributions (in both quantity and quality) than rural areas. The present study used OSM data history to generate LULC datasets with one-year timeframes as a way to support regional and rural multi-temporal LULC mapping. We evaluated the degree to which the different OSM datasets agreed with two existing reference datasets (CORINE Land Cover and the official Portuguese Land Cover Map). We also evaluated whether our OSM dataset was of sufficiently high quality (in terms of both completeness accuracy and thematic accuracy) to be used as a sampling data source for multi-temporal LULC maps. In addition, we used the near boundary tag accuracy criterion to assesses the fitness of the OSM data for producing training samples, with promising results. For each annual dataset, the completeness ratio of the coverage area for the selected study area was low. Nevertheless, we found high thematic accuracy values (ranged from 77.3% to 91.9%). Additionally, the training samples thematic accuracy improved as they moved away from the features’ boundaries. Features with larger areas (> 10 ha), e.g., Agriculture and Forest, had a steadily positive correlation between training samples accuracy and distance to feature boundaries
42
Khalepa, Oleksandra. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF FULFILLING THE POST-INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE WITH INNOVATIVE MEDIA ART PRACTICES." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 49, no. 6 (January 18, 2022): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4904.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the aspects of filling the post-industrial heritage with innovative media art practices. On the example of actual foreign and domestic post-industrial locations, in particular, the activities of the experimental platform “Art Residence Carbon”, the outlined aspects are practically realized and analyzed in this article. It is emphasized that the demand for creativity causes strong competition between the cities that attract and inspire creative people to create individual or collective art projects. Modern information technologies provide new opportunities for communication, contribute to the spread of the activist movement in the urban environment. In this context, it is noted that the role of artistic practices that are a way of translation of historical experience, fixation of the present and projection of the future is significantly increasing. Modern creative practices based on the latest digital technologies go beyond the established spaces of museums, galleries, etc., and are implemented on different platforms of Internet social platforms and urban spaces. It has been proved that the latest artistic practices unite the creators and viewers of artistic works into a single whole, level the boundary between the subject and the object, and provide limitless possibilities of expression and representation. These processes are a sign of democratic society as well as an important component of urban identity. It is shown that the activist movement involves not only professional artists, but also a wide range of diverse communities that strive for creative self-realization. Experimental approach is the basis for their search, artistic understanding of contemporary problems. As a result, it is emphasized that urban spaces become a kind of art laboratories for festivals, forums, discussions, social connections, and art projects. In many countries the defining functions of the information society (cultural and artistic, office, commercial, entertainment, etc.) have found the ability to deploy in large territories and have begun to develop devastated industrial spaces.
43
Zhang, Xiao Rui. "Cultural Continuity of the Traditional Elements in Architecture." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 2993–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.2993.
Full textAbstract:
The way of “building high hathpaces” occupies a unique position in traditional Chinese architecture. According to the research, the ancient hathpace can not only increase the volume, raise the building height, make the buildings look more magnificent, but also help ascend for look far and widen your horizon, meanwhile, be beneficial to damp-proofing and ventilation for the hathpace itself. This is the thousands of years’ intelligence gathering of Chinese traditional architecture. In the design of “Hathpace of Stone Drum Pavilion in Baoji”, the designers take “inheriting Chinese architectural and cultural heritage” as its aim, use modern aesthetic view to elaborate the measurement and proportion, consequently, surpass the boundary of age and style, and refine the historical and cultural quintessence by innovating and developing which is wrapped up in traditional architecture. Meanwhile, material is the basic quality of architecture. The culture differences in the building of various nationalities and times came on materials. So, the using of stone can increase historical culture and feature of urban texture for “building high hathpaces”. A new approach to formal language, contemporary materials, and building technology will make “Hathpace of Stone Drum Pavilion in Baoji” become information carrier of traditional culture, communication platform between traditional building Stone Drum Pavilion and modern city, and unique building cultural phenomenon for the city of Baoji who will retain its graceful bearing and display the culture in Chou-Qin Dynasties, moreover, provide a new way of thinking for how to inherit the culture of traditional architecture.
44
Lu, Jingfang, Xianqing Lv, and Honghua Shi. "Spatio-Temporal Heterogeneity and Cumulative Ecological Impacts of Coastal Reclamation in Coastal Waters." Remote Sensing 15, no. 6 (March 8, 2023): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15061495.
Full textAbstract:
The coastal reclamation, as one of the most extreme transformations of the ocean space by humans, still lacks scientific quantitative evaluating methods to a large extent, compared with the evolution of land use patterns. A cumulative ecological impacts of reclamation (RCEI) was established in our study based on ecological influence characteristics of different reclamation types, and the attenuation effect of reclamation on adjacent areas. It was characterized by spatio-temporal features in decades. Here, we estimated that the cumulative reclamation area in the Bohai Sea from 1985 to 2018 was 5839.5 km2. Under the influence of human activity, proportions of the industrial and urban boundary, marine construction boundaries (e.g., ports, wharves, and bridges), and protective dams were increased significantly, which led to a sharp increase of the RCEI. In addition, spatio-temporal changes of reclamation were affected by the combination of population growth, economic development, urbanization, industrialization, and marine industry development in coastal cities. These results provided an important historical reference for tracking future development of the Bohai Sea by humans and provided basic data support for the development and protection of the ocean.
45
Huang, Xu, and Yuanyuan Gu. "Revisiting the spatial form of traditional villages in Chaoshan, China." Open House International 45, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-05-2020-0027.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Compared to other areas in China, Chaoshan region in Guangdong province has a more developed clan system set within a rural landscape. This paper aims to explore the relationship between the social structure (family–clan) and spatial form (housing settlement) of clan-organized rural China to understand the spatial form represented by “family and clan.” Design/methodology/approach By examining Dongli village and Huayao village, this paper outlines the typical path of spatial representation: dwelling of individual’s core family → mansion of the big family → settlement of a single clan → co-settlement of several clans. Moreover, it identifies three critical elements of the spatial representation: prototype (the spatial representation of the etiquette system); order (a hierarchical space set by the patriarchal system); and boundary (constructed on both physical and mental facts). Findings All elements indicate that descendants of migrants from the North maintain their self-identity and discipline clan members by planning the ideal space. Research limitations/implications The findings contribute to the ongoing discussions regarding how local cultural and historical experiences can influence renewed designs of traditional settlement areas (Aksulu and Eryildiz, 2003) and how digital means can facilitate updating designs of traditional buildings (Han et al., 2017). Such planning and design should involve greater public participation, considering the impact on residents’ daily lives (Pandya, 2005). Originality/value This paper contributes to the understanding of the relationship between cultural values and the spatial form of residential settlements in Chinese history.
46
Оборин, Матвей, and Matvey Oborin. "Development features of the market of health resort services in Sverdlovsk region." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 1 (May 16, 2016): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19169.
Full textAbstract:
Development of the health resort activities on the territory of Sverdlovsk region - an
important and controversial factor, which is reflected in low rates and current problems of development. They are connected with the development peculiarities of the region, natural
conditions, and availability of federal and regional programs. Necessity for the organization of
health resort activities related to its significant impact on the social and economic situation of
the region.
Sverdlovsk region is an industrial urban area that, apart from the advantages, creates
certain problems for the population. These include health deterioration, increasing of mortality
and morbidity, reducing of natural population growth, deterioration of health, which leads to a
reduction of the rate of economic development. That is why the region needs to organize health
resort activity. Recreational potential of Sverdlovsk region is considered to be healthy, and it is
caused by a boundary position of the region in Europe and Asia, political stability, which
guarantees the security of any type of tourist activity. In addition, the high cultural and historical
heritage of the area determines the long-term development of tourism in general. Nevertheless,
the author of the article notes the presence of a significant number of problems, such as the need
for recreational activities in urban and industrialized territories, but civil and industrial
development area limit the possibility of recreation. Load regulation system on the natural
systems of certain recreation areas is absent, and it causes a significant increasing of load and
violation of the integrity of ecosystems. Low development of transport infrastructure and
insufficient quality of personnel training creates problems for the future development of the
market of heath resort services
47
Van Damme, Stéphane. "The pillar of metropolitan greatness: The long making of archeological objects in Paris (1711–2001)." History of Science 55, no. 3 (April 11, 2017): 302–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275317698711.
Full textAbstract:
Over three centuries after the 1711 discovery in the choir of Notre-Dame in Paris of a square-section stone bas-relief (the Pillar of the Boatmen) with depictions of several deities, both Gaulish and Roman, the blocks comprising it were analyzed as a symbol of Parisian power, if not autonomy, vis-à-vis the Roman Empire. Variously considered as local, national, or imperial representations, the blocks were a constant object of admiration, interrogation, and speculation among antiquarians of the Republic of Letters. They were also boundary objects – products of the emergence of a Parisian archeology dated from 1711. If this science reflected the tensions and ambiguities of a local regime of knowledge situated in a national context, it also helped to coordinate archeological work between different institutions and actors. This paper would like to assess the specific role played by the Pillar of the Boatmen as a fetish object in this process. To what extent could an archeological artifact influence this reshaping of urban representation, this change of scales? By following the three-century career of the pillar’s blocks as composite objects, which some have identified as merely stones or a column, it is possible to understand the multiple dimensions that defined the object as archeological – as an artifact that contributed to the relocating of the historical city center – and the multiple approaches that transform existing remains into knowledgeable objects.
48
Kokhan, T. G. "CULTUROLOGICAL ORIENTATORS OF MODERN UKRAINIAN CINEMA CRITICS." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (6) (2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2020.1(6).04.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyses the position of Ukrainian scientists, represented in their works during the first two decades of the XXI century, when the influence of the basis of the cultural analyses on the development of cinema critics has become appreciable. The accent has been made on new approaches both to the history of Ukrainian cinema in trying to understand personalized approach prevails and to the estimation of subject direction of the films shoot on the boundary of the XX – XXI centuries. It is underlined that film expert's attention was concentrated on the further improvement of notion-categorical apparatus which provides investigations in film critics. It is shown that film science outlines some human problems which having historical cultural traditions, can appear as aesthetical-artistic reference points in creative process. It is declared that the important aspect of the article is dedicated to the fixation of the art studies formation history in the process of cinema development. The role of Danish producer Urban Gad, the author of the book "Cinema, its means and aims" is marked. It is indicated that while constantly shooting films U.Gad summarized his own experience of work in the cinema making in the first European investigation in the cinema studies. It is underlined that taking into consideration the dynamics of cinematograph's development, using of historical and cultural achievements of the past as reference points for modern cinema theory demands caution and correctness. In the context of this thesis systematization and analysis of works of Ukrainian film critics on the activities of national cinematograph's development are presented both actual and expediency. It is shown that using in the cinema study fundamental principles of cultural analysis in particular cross-scientific personalization a composed element of biographic method – to correlate cinema analysis with material of such human sciences as aesthetics, ethics and psychology. It is noticed that taking into consideration collective character of the creation in cinematograph the principle of personalization objectively appraises the contribution of each representative of the cinematic group within the creative process.
49
Krasowskiy, A. P. "The analysis results of the image of property objects on “the plan along the Ruza river from the city of Ruza to Spasskoe village"." Zemleustrojstvo, kadastr i monitoring zemel' (Land management, cadastre and land monitoring), no. 11 (October 5, 2022): 744–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-04-2211-09.
Full textAbstract:
This article presents the process and research results of the possibility of correspondences between the images of objects plotted on cartographic materials of the Russian state of the XVII – XIX centuries. The work is carried out on the example of a drawing, boundary plans and a topographic map depicting the territory of the Ruza district, Moscow province. The information necessary to carry out the research on the property ownership of objects is obtained from reviews of historical documents. The article shows that the establishment of correspondences between historical objects can be made with acceptable accuracy and without restrictions on the areas of the studied territories using the images available on cartographic materials of the second half of the XVIIIXIX centuries. The use of drawings of the XVII century for these purposes is possible only in some areas containing images of several nearby objects. In the course of the research the author made and substantiated the assumptions about the purposes of compiling some of the drawings of the second half of the XVII century. Based on this research, it is possible to name them when compiling inventories of archival materials.
50
Wu, Xueling, Ying Wang, Siyuan He, and Zhongfang Wu. "PM<sub>2.5</sub> ∕ PM<sub>10</sub> ratio prediction based on a long short-term memory neural network in Wuhan, China." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 3 (March 25, 2020): 1499–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-1499-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Air pollution is a serious problem in China that urgently needs to be addressed. Air pollution has a great impact on the lives of citizens and on urban development. The particulate matter (PM) value is usually used to indicate the degree of air pollution. In addition to that of PM2.5 and PM10, the use of the PM2.5 ∕ PM10 ratio as an indicator and assessor of air pollution has also become more widespread. This ratio reflects the air pollution conditions and pollution sources. In this paper, a better composite prediction system aimed at improving the accuracy and spatiotemporal applicability of PM2.5 ∕ PM10 was proposed. First, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) in 2017 in Wuhan was obtained based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, with a 1 km spatial resolution, by using the dense dark vegetation (DDV) method. Second, the AOD was corrected by calculating the planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and relative humidity (RH). Third, the coefficient of determination of the optimal subset selection was used to select the factor with the highest correlation with PM2.5 ∕ PM10 from meteorological factors and gaseous pollutants. Then, PM2.5 ∕ PM10 predictions based on time, space, and random patterns were obtained by using nine factors (the corrected AOD, meteorological data, and gaseous pollutant data) with the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method, which is a dynamic model that remembers historical information and applies it to the current output. Finally, the LSTM model prediction results were compared and analyzed with the results of other intelligent models. The results showed that the LSTM model had significant advantages in the average, maximum, and minimum accuracy and the stability of PM2.5 ∕ PM10 prediction.