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1
Lapteva, Lyudmila E. "The Criteria of Historical Truth in Research." History of state and law 4 (April 29, 2021): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3805-2021-4-51-54.
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The article deals with a problem of scientific determination of the “historical truth” concept used in legislation. The question raised is the possibility of the historical truth determination within the procedure for objective truth stating by the court
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Kocharyan, R. "PROBLEMATICS OF HISTORY IN HISTORICAL–SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF MOSES KHORENATSI." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 1, no. 1 (April 16, 2013): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v1i1.358.
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The fundamental problematics in the historical–philosophical conception of Moses Khorenatsi is revealed in this article, using hermeneutical methodology and, as such, by the help of interpretative philosophical analysis. To understand history principally and essentially means to understand the genuine “said” by historical text and to understand truth–denoting–meaning and then to get the advice of wisdom in the meaning. It is revealed the fundamental problematics for the history of Moses Khorenatsi: “understanding and interpretively explicating the meaning of the truth–of–being of history as such, as well as the advice of wisdom in that meaning”. This all–embracing and complete problematics consists of two components: understanding and interpretively explicating, first of all, the conception of history–science and then the wisdom of content in the historically “said”, that of truth–of–being of history as such, in general, and concretely of history of the Armenians – viewed by this conception of history–science
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Stanford, P. Kyle. "A Fond Farewell to "Approximate Truth"?" Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4245/sponge.v9i1.28057.
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Most commonly, the scientific realism debate is seen as dividing those who do and do not think that the striking empirical and practical successes of at least our best scientific theories indicate with high probability that those theories are ‘approximately true’. But I want to suggest that this characterization of the debate has far outlived its usefulness. Not only does it obscure the central differences between two profoundly different types of contemporary scientific realist, but even more importantly it serves to disguise the most substantial points of actual disagreement between these two kinds of realists and those who instead think the historical record of scientific inquiry itself reveals that such realism is untenable in either form.
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KOZLOV, V. P. "«THE TRUTH OF HISTORY» AND DOCUMENTARY MEMORY." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AND MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION 11, no. 1 (2022): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2225-8272-2022-11-1-143-154.
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The purpose of the article is to consider and correlate the concepts of "the truth of history" and documentary memory. The author examines the framework concept of historical memory and proposes a new typology of forms of historical memory (ordinary, constructivist, scientific and cognitive). In addition, the concept of documentary memory is introduced separately – the result of the transformation of a document as a regulator of vital activity. As a result of the research, the author analyzes various properties of documentary historical memory (continuity, inactivation, inviolability, etc.), as well as its functions which are important for cognition of the past.
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KOCHARYAN, ROMIK. "THE PROBLMATICS OF HISTORY IN HISTORICAL–SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTION OF MOSES KHORENATSI." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 2, no. 2 (September 11, 2013): 110–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v2i2.279.
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The fundamental problematics in the historical–philosophical conception of Moses Khorenatsi is revealed in this article, using hermeneutical methodology and, as such, by the help of interpretative philosophical analysis. To understand history principally and essentially means to understand the genuine “said” by historical text and to understand truth–denoting–meaning and then to get the advice of wisdom in the meaning. It is revealed the fundamental problematics for the history of Moses Khorenatsi: “understanding and interpretively explicating the meaning of the truthfulness of history as such, as well as the advice of wisdom in that meaning”. This all–embracing and complete problematics consists of two components: understanding and interpretively explicating, first of all, the conception of history–science and then the wisdom of content in the historically “said”, that of truth–of–being of history as such, in general, and concretely of history of the Armenians – viewed by this conception of history–science.
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Urban, Marek. "Documentary film as historical narrative." Ars Aeterna 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2015): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aa-2015-0009.
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Abstract The submitted study describes the documentary film as a historical narrative that carries within it problems documented by historians such as Paul Veyne and Hayden White. It argues on behalf of the thesis that a documentary film in itself does not classify historical clues according to historical truth but according to a selected purpose (e.g. despite aesthetic conventions or in the case of a narrative film - according to the story). The study refutes the argument of Noël Carroll, who deals with the popularizing documentary film - specifically, connecting scientific “truth” with the tropological character of a documentary film narrative can create at best an approximate picture of a historical event.
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Gretchina, Olga S. "Historical Variability of the Self in the Scientific Landscape." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 56, no. 4 (2019): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps201956479.
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The article is a review of ≪Objectivity≫ by L. Daston and P. Gallison. The authors reject the timeless understanding of objectivity and demonstrate on a series of examples of specific practices of creating, using and reading scientific images in Atlases from the XVIII century that objectivity has its moment of birth – XIX century and its own history. The authors assume the definition of objectivity as a desire to get rid of subjectivity in the creation of a scientific image. Objectivity functions as one of the epistemological virtues, along with truth and certainty. Daston and Gallison describe several regimes of scientific practices and show their relation to the formation of scientific “selves” and connection with changing conceptions of subjectivity.
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Grasso, Davide. "Quale veritŕ per la storia? Conoscenza, prassi linguistica e contesti sociali." HISTORIA MAGISTRA, no. 1 (April 2009): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/hm2009-001011.
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- The association of truth with history gives rise to three different theoretical questions: how to characterise historical truth, what is the criterion to discover it, and what is historical truth as such. The author takes this third issue into account by making a series of conceptual distinctions, and formulating an ontological thesis about the object of historical sciences. Contrary to physical reality, social reality is constructed by human beings in history. Writing and speech acts provide the instruments to create norms and contexts, and to make social entities and institutions interact. These are real entities which correspond to the terms that denote them, thus, realizing that correspondence between propositions and world called truth. Therefore, propositions describing historical facts can be true or false, and in many cases such truth or falsity may be verified, even though the hypotheses concerning the causal relations between historical facts lack the same degree of justification of the experimental method. The scientific character of historiography is founded on a constant documentary reference, and on a textual organisation which brings to light the different levels of objectivity and subjectivity of judgement (statement of facts, historiographic hypotheses, critical judgements). Moreover, by constantly referring to documented facts, historical research stably grounds its interpretations on reality. Key words: truth, knowledge, ontology, social reality, writing, historiography.
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Tamm, Marek. "Truth, Objectivity and Evidence in History Writing." Journal of the Philosophy of History 8, no. 2 (July 2, 2014): 265–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18722636-12341273.
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This article aims to suggest one possible – pragmatist in a very broad sense of the term – approach to making sense of the way truth and objectivity function within the discipline of history. It argues that history doesn’t need a new theory of truth; rather, it is necessary to analyse in theoretical terms how truth is understood and used in historical inquiry. This article considers truth as an epistemic term in a certain given – historiographical – use, and objectivity is understood as an epistemic virtue valued in a specific contemporary scientific community, that of professional historians. The main argument is developed in three interrelated steps. First, the article makes the case for a pragmatic “truth pact” in history writing, arguing that the conditions of historical truth depend on the illocutionary force of historical utterance. Second, it proposes that this “truth pact” is “guaranteed” by fellow historians or, in other words: truth claims in history writing are based not on their direct relation with reality but on a disciplinary consensus as to the methods of inquiry, cognitive values and epistemic virtues. Third, it will establish a clear connection between truth and proof in history writing, arguing that the “truth pact” is grounded in a critical analysis of the available evidence.
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Astafichev, Pavel A. "Ensuring the protection of historical truth as a new principle of contemporary Russian constitutional law." Law Enforcement Review 4, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2020.4(4).5-11.
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The subject of the article is the content of the constitutional amendment of 2020 on the need to ensure the protection of historical truth. The purpose of the research is confirmation or confutation of the hypothesis that protection of historical truth should not be provided by measures of constitutional and legal regulation, since this would conflict with other constitutional principles. The methodology of research includes analysis of academic researches concerning the essence of historical truth, interpretation of Russian Constitution. The main results, scope of application. The author proves that "historical truth" in the constitutional and legal sense is the goal of an objectively and conscientiously minded researcher, guaranteed in a free democratic society by the constitutional right to freedom of thought, scientific creativity and expression. Goal-setting in cognition is a matter of mental activity that is difficult for the democratic control of the state and law. From a normative point of view the moral aspect exists here only (the search for historical truth is a virtue, its distortion is a vice). Constitutional democracy is based on the will and needs of today's generation of people. The past, of course, has a certain significance, but it cannot be considered decisive. An excessive preoccupation with traditions and the historical past is fraught with stagnation, stagnation or even degradation of the state mechanism. Constitutional regulation of historical truth leads to unnecessary sacralization of the history of the state, which is profoundly alien to the true legal essence of the constitutional system of a modern democratic society and the objectivity of historical and legal science. State-legal influence in this area is difficult and entails risks of legally binding ideology, which is prohibited by the first chapter of the "Fundamentals of the constitutional order" of the Constitution of the Russian Federation (part 2 of article 13) and the current acts of the Russian Constitutional Court. Conclusions. The legal obligation to "ensure the protection of historical truth" deserves a critical assessment, since it is difficult to combine with the constitutional rights to freedom of scientific creativity, freedom of thought and speech, the principle of ideological diversity and the democratic nature of the Russian state. The right of citizens to their own position on historical issues and search for their "historical truth" followed from the constitutional regulation before the constitutional amendments of 2020 and continues to operate today due to the immutability of chapters 1, 2 and 9 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.
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SMART, CAROL. "Family Secrets: Law and Understandings of Openness in Everyday Relationships." Journal of Social Policy 38, no. 4 (October 2009): 551–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279409003237.
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AbstractUncovering old or historical family secrets has become an enjoyable pastime yet in contemporary families the keeping of secrets, especially those relating to reproduction and paternity, is seen increasingly as undesirable. This article explores these issues and the growing tendency for family law and policy to favour exposing genetic truths – seeing this form of scientific veracity as crucial to child welfare and equality. The article explores the changing contexts of family secrets (using data drawn from the Mass Observation Archive) and seeks to locate these secrets in their cultural and historical context. An argument against imposing a simple solution (in the form of genetic truth) onto complex relationships is pursued.
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Strelchenko, Vasiliy, Vitaliy Balakhonsky, Maxim Bakhtin, Liudmila Balakhonskaya, and Evgenii Ivanov. "Socio-historical knowledge: the experience of philosophical-epistemological reflection." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 11027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128411027.
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The fact that the principle of pluralism of opinions prevails in today's socio-historical knowledge shows that the “postmodern condition” (J-F. Lyotard), which began in the late 70s and early 80s of the twentieth century, expresses the characteristic and most significant features of its epistemological situation. This situation is characterized by a fundamental change of emphasis in the approach itself, not even to the solution, but to the very formulation of the problem of the truth values and the conditions for the reliability of the statements put forward. In the recent past, it was almost generally accepted to consider the issues of reliability of socio-historical knowledge as essentially methodological and to associate the possibility of understanding the truth with the improvement of the system of instruments of the scientific method, then in recent decades, the situation has radically changed. Under the influence of strengthening the position of the “postmodern condition", we are no longer talking about criterion (methodological, logical, epistemological, etc.), but about the meaning of truth in general, and socio-historical truth in particular.
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Fattah, Galuh Nur, and Gede Agus Siswadi. "TELAAH HISTORIS TERHADAP TEORI EVOLUSI CHARLES DARWIN DITINJAU DARI REVOLUSI SAINS THOMAS S. KUHN." Jurnal Ledalero 21, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.31385/jl.v21i2.292.219-231.
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<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This article specifically describes how a scientific theory is formed and placed as an epistemic truth, even in the end it becomes a paradigm that influences scientific methodologies in various different scientific fields. This is in line with the scientific revolution proposed by Thomas S. Kuhn. The discussion in this article will focus on the development of the theory of evolution proposed by Charles Darwin in the field of biology, viewed from the perspective of the scientific revolution of Thomas S. Kuhn. This effort was made because in its development, Darwin's theory of evolution has historically been the starting point for theoretical revolutions in the field of biology, and even in other scientific fields. This historical explanation of how the development process of Darwin's theory of evolution shifted, and even undermined previous scientific theories, became a starting point for a radical theoretical transformation in the development of science which was viewed from Kuhn's analysis through his theoretical schema of the revolution of a scientific theory. This becomes very important for researchers and the general public, especially to provide an explanation that the epistemic truth in science is not a sudden speculative knowledge, as is the ontological truth in religious knowledge and cultural knowledge. The methodical approach used in this article will use a historical continuity approach, heuristics, and interpretation. The type of analysis in this article falls into the analysis of scientific theory. This article was written with the aim of providing a description, evidence, and argument that the paradigm shift of science from the pre-Darwinian evolutionary period to the Darwinian evolutionary period is a description of a radical theoretical transformation process that occurs instantly in a scientific field, which in Kuhn's thinking is passed through The main phases are normal science, anomaly, crisis, and scientific revolution.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> The Theory of Evolution, Scientific Revolution, Charles Darwin, Thomas S. Kuhn, Epistemic Truth</p>
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Мороз, B., and Д. Щепова. "VK YAKUNIN SCIENTIFIC, PUBLIC AND POLITICAL ACTOR OF HOURS "REBUILDING" AND REFORMING OF THE UKRAINIAN SOCIETY ON THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS." Problems of Political History of Ukraine, no. 15 (February 5, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/11923.
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The scientific and social and political views of Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Yakunin Victor Kuzmich are considered. Emphasis is placed on his principled position in attitude to the «truth of history», the honesty and decency of scientific research. In the article shows that the main focus of his work was the fight against chauvinism and refined nationalism.The content and essence of universal categories «patriotic», «national» and «nationalistic» are revealed. Based on primary sources comprehends the contribution of historians of the Soviet period and Ukrainian scholars of the post-Soviet times to the study of the history of the OUN and the UIM. The analysis of socio-political phenomena and socio-cultural phenomena of patriotism and nationalism in their historical development is given.His scientific works «History, Ideology, Politics», «The CPSU collapse», «Patriotism and Nationalism: Experience and Lessons in History», «OUN Ideology: History and Modernity» and others testify to the author’s principle, thoroughness and talent. His language, manner of describing various historical events and factors is almost unmatched. His scientific works are easy to read and admire. V. K. Yakunin in his scientific works analyzes the views of historians who disagree with him and have opposite visions of the «truth of history». He agrees with some points of criticism of the author, but by principles he gives his arguments and evidence. This is the truth and power of the Ukrainian scientist since the restructuring and reform of public relations in Ukraine. The article draws attention to the poor health of the professor, that he underwent heart surgery. Emphasis is placed on the support of V.K. Yakunin by colleagues and associates.
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Muratović, Esko. "O statusu vrednosnih sudova u filozofskoj istoriji filozofije H. Grasije." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (November 15, 2022): 416–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.416.
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Historical-philosophical debates, which owe their origin to the historical-philosophical context, begin not only with the formulation of certain points of view, but also with the examination of their value, as well as moving towards those that seem acceptable. The attention of our research is focused on issues of value and evaluation of the philosophical past through the given issues within the work „Philosophy and its history“ by Jorge Gracia, while the subject of our attention will be the legitimacy of value statements in the history of philosophy. dealing with truth value. Namely, in addition to careful attention in relation to philosophical sources on the basis of which accurate explanations from the past are obtained, the historical context of positive contribution, not only historical-philosophical, but also historical task, is unavoidable. The historian of philosophy thus makes a strong contribution to historical-value truths that rise from the haze of margins of historical thought, while codifying the points of convergence of scientific-methodological mechanisms and epistemic-axiological interventions - on the one hand - through cognitive-theoretical use of event history. and on the other, - by historical-philosophical reflection on philosophically valued given discourses, to build together the true, - scientifically valuable. If historical truth excludes values that are contrary to its achievement and duration, then the very course and approach to historical and philosophical heritage should be treated through harmonized procedures and norms in solving very complex historical-philosophical and meta-historical-philosophical requirements and tasks inherent only in philosophy, at the same time, - in the value sense, - indeterminate by historical science. In that convergent dialogue, which is often necessary, the methodological paradigm of valuing substantial truths seeks the passability of axiological-value litmus tests of agreement - as much philosophical as historical knowledge and truth. Truth as the objectivity of the validity of a value attitude in the historical-philosophical sense, therefore, can show how a certain value statement is based on the experience of value. This tells us that the quality of value judgments is reflected in the fact that we take a stand with them in relation to historical-cognitive forms of opinion. While in science there are generally accepted criteria for verifying truthfulness, there are no such exact criteria in the domain of values, while it is important to point out that an objective and correct explanation of the past requires certain value statements throughout history, and judgments about true value in the history of philosophy. the significance and role of valuation and truth values within the philosophically oriented hermeneutization of philosophical-historical expressive truths and the possibility that the continuity in the search for truth cannot and should not be interrupted, whereby the theorist Jorge Gracia makes a strong contribution to the interpretation and understanding of these relations, which is the subject of this paper. Searching for reasons for a better understanding of ideas and philosophical views from the past H. Gracia points to the knowledge of what is taken for their truthful value. This refers to the consideration of the validity and correctness of the arguments on which certain teachings are based, and this refers to the texts. Texts are, therefore, the basic means we have for accessing philosophical ideas from the past. Without texts, an approach to ideas from the past is inconceivable, while the job of a historian is to re-establish the indefinite meaning of a text. The most expedient interpretation is the one that makes the most sense from the standpoint of both philosophy and history, because the historian must rely on philosophical teachings from the past that have more meaning. Although it is pointed out that historians and historians consider some masked value statements to be descriptive, with the recognition that many of them include descriptions; what is more important is reflected more in the fact that the historical explanation of the philosophical past necessarily includes and implies value statements, then the task of history implies and encompasses evaluation.
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Russill, Chris. "Truth and opinion in climate change discourse: The Gore–Hansen disagreement." Public Understanding of Science 20, no. 6 (May 27, 2010): 796–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963662510364201.
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In this paper, I discuss the “inconvenient truth” strategy of Al Gore. I argue that Gore’s notion of truth upholds a conception of science and policy that narrows our understanding of climate change discourse. In one notable exchange, Gore and NASA scientist, James Hansen, disagreed about whether scientific statements based on Hansen’s computer simulations were truth or opinion. This exchange is featured in An Inconvenient Truth, yet the disagreement is edited from the film and presented simply as an instance of Hansen speaking “inconvenient truth.” In this article, I compare the filmic representation of Hansen’s testimony with the congressional record. I place their exchange in a broader historical perspective on climate change disputation in order to discuss the implications of Gore’s perspective on truth.
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Żukiewicz, Arkadiusz. "Selected issues of historical research in the field of Polish social pedagogy." Studia z Teorii Wychowania XI, no. 3 (32) (November 12, 2020): 9–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5140.
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The article deals with the issue of historical research on social activities. This research is a part of the field of scientific activity of Polish social pedagogy, whose creator was Helena Radlińska. This researcher has developed a method of historical research for social pedagogues. It is worthwhile to use this methodological approach in modern scientific research from social pedagogy. Their effects will serve to restore the truth about the past of social activity and its representatives, their scientific and practical achievements. On the other hand, the effects of this research will serve as a signpost for those seeking new solutions for the practice of social activity in the present and future. For social pedagogues, historical research will also be an opportunity to shape their own disciplinary identity.
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Mykhalkiv, Y. Y. "HISTORICAL TRUTH AND FICTIONAL INVENTION IN ROMAN IVANYCHUK’S NOVEL “ZHURAVLYNYI KRYK”." PRECARPATHIAN BULLETIN OF THE SHEVCHENKO SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY Word, no. 2(54) (January 22, 2019): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31471/2304-7402-2019-2(54)-447-454.
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The article highlights the study of the fiction transformation peculiarities of historical reality based on the novel “Cry of the Crane” (“Zhuravlynyi Kryk”) by R. Ivanichuk. The emphasis is put on the creation of the main characters’ images. It is proved that the close interaction between scientific awareness and the author’s artistic representation of the events from the past contributes to the creation of the author’s conception.
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Lincoln, James. "On the myth of red hot and blue cold: A scientific history." Physics Teacher 60, no. 6 (September 2022): 522–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/10.0013864.
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Most clichés contain some element of truth. Although the colors in our common speech are often referred to as being “warm” (reds and yellows) and “cold” (blues and whites), there is some scientific history behind these popular inaccuracies. In this article, I address the historical origin of these myths and explain with a physical model how they have been supported by legitimate—but ultimately incorrect—scientific inferences.
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Petrenko, Svitlana. "The Concept of ‘Truth’ in Historiographical Discourse from the Standpoint of the Socio-Communicative Approach: Categorial Meaning, Functions and Correlation with the Concept of ‘Verity’." Scientific notes of the Institute of Journalism, no. 2 (77) (2020): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-1272.2020.77.2.
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The relevance of the research is caused by the growing trends of post-truth and post-journalism in the global communication context and the need to investigate the problem of truth as a social communication category of journalism. The study considers the concept of ‘truth’ and its correlation with the concept of ‘verity’, which is necessary for the relevant categorization of truth in social communication contexts (SCC). The object of the research is truth as a category, the subject is the semantic and functional field of the concept ‘truth’ which forms the category of truth and its social communication functions. The objective of the study is to identify the essential characteristics and functional properties of truth for its categorization and determination of the place and role in SCC and journalism. The source base consists of lexicographic sources and scientific researches. Methodologically, the research relies on the sociocommunicative approach, in the framework of which the method of historiographical analysis (with elements of semantic, conceptual and comparative analysis) was applied to explore the concepts of ‘truth’ and ‘verity’ in Ukrainian and Russian lexicographic sources and to compare them with relevant interpretations in English. Additionally, the method of synthesis was applied to identify the categorial characteristics and communicative functions of truth. The paper concludes that the concept of ‘truth’ primarily reveals natural ontological, axiological, and communicative characteristics that correlate with its metaphysical nature and has a broader variety of semantic and functional characteristics than the concept of ‘verity’. The evolutional transformation of the concepts ‘truth’ and ‘verity’ has been traced within ideological, historical, and social paradigms applaying the synchronic and diachronic analysis. The study emphasizes on the necessity to distinguish between Truth and different kinds of truths in social communication and journalism. It reveals that due to the loss of primary meanings and the priori functions, Truth has ceased to be an effective moral and value criterion as well as a choice criterion in social communication. The paper notes, however, that Truth continues maintaining its priori categorial meaning, which establishes its fundamental value as a basic category of social communication and a metacategory of journalism. Several hypothetical statements have also been made that require additional scientific researches; among them there is the assumption about the crucial role of spiritual communication in the self-discovery of Truth and its place in social communication.
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Radnóti, Sándor. "The Religious Experience of the Landscape Ruskin and Nature." Acta Historiae Artium 61, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/170.2020.00007.
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AbstractThis paper reconstructs Ruskin’s work from the perspective of the landscape, building upon the assumption that Modern Painters played a cardinal role in the emancipation of the genre. This reconstruction is complicated by the internal contradictions within the work: it cannot be regarded as a systematic work of philosophy, but belongs rather to the genre of sage writing. In volume I, Ruskin approached the landscape not from an aesthetic point of view, but from the direction of scientific truth. The aesthetic consequence of this was his anti-mimetic attitude, which differentiated between the imitation of nature and the uncovering of the truths of nature, and in this respect, he considered Turner the greatest master who had ever lived. Truth takes precedence over all aesthetic considerations, and for this reason Ruskin was resolutely against artistic tradition. Seen from his perspective, the history of landscape painting appeared as a series of scientific illustrations, which, with the forward march of science, came ever closer to truth-to-nature. The other two essential conditions of art, the other side of truth, were its moral and religious messages. Beauty is the work of God, and God must be praised in His work, in Nature. Only later did Ruskin introduce a historical dimension to the experience of the landscape. The modern era is characterised by the rise of the pre-eminent interest in the landscape, accompanied by a parallel decreasing interest in gods, saints, ancestors and humans. This later became the main motif of Ruskin’s activities as a social critic and reformer. In relation to the loss of faith and the prospect of regaining it, Ruskin saw landscape painting as the representative art of the modern era. In the later volumes of Modern Painters, Ruskin carefully distinguished between the task of science, which is to investigate the essence and uncover the truths of material nature, and the task of art, which is to explore the possible viewpoints or aspects of material nature. In volume V of Modern Painters he firmly asserted – in diametric contradiction to his earlier views – that the greatness and truth of Turner did not rest on scientific truth, for in this respect the artist was completely ignorant. This paper interprets and evaluates Ruskin’s extraordinarily harsh criticism of Claude Lorrain, which contrasts with the fact that Turner spent almost his entire life idolising and attempting to rival Claude.
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Narboux, Jean-Philippe. "Conceptual Truth, Necessity, and Negation." Monist 103, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/monist/onaa018.
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Abstract Throughout his philosophical career, Hilary Putnam was preoccupied with the question of what survives of the traditional notion of a priori truth in light of the recurring historical phenomenon, made prominent by the scientific revolutions of the early decades of the twentieth century, through which “something that was literally inconceivable has turned out to be true” (1962b). Impugning the analytic-synthetic dichotomy, Putnam’s redefinition of “conceptual truth” in terms of “quasi-necessity relative to a conceptual scheme” is meant to accommodate the possibility of transitions of just this sort. In this essay, I trace the origins and development of Putnam’s account of “quasi-necessity.” I try to defend it against some objections naturally arising in connection with the interplay of modality and negation. My main contention is that the main tenets of Putnam’s semantic externalism inform his reconception of conceptual truth, and that they must be recognized to hold of such basic logical notions as those of judgment and negation.
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Tomczyk, Jacek. "Facts and their interpretation in paleoanthropological enquiries." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 14, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2016.14.2.08.
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The search for truth in the sciences which deal with the prehistoric past seems exceptionally attractive. What is involved in them is not only the historical dimension, but also an attempt at understanding the present moment. This trivial statement may in practice cause a lot of trouble, since the issue at stake is actually not how “truth” is defined, but rather how we arrive at it. We need to remember that while the first stage of the scientific inquiry usually involves the gathering and description of facts, the second stage is mainly concerned with their explanation and interpretation. At both stages of scientific cognition – that is both in the process of obtaining facts and interpreting them – truth can be falsified by mistake or on purpose. Thus, the main aim of science – to make our comprehension agree with the subject (the state of affairs) under scrutiny – can be suppressed by subjective motivation. It is therefore recommendable to present various reasons behind such a peculiar “emendation” of truth in prehistoric research.
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Vorobyeva, L. I. "“Spirituality” in Psychology: a Philosophical and Methodological Analysis." Cultural-Historical Psychology 15, no. 3 (2019): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2019150304.
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The article problematizes the use of the concept of “spirituality” in psychological discourse, which loses its nuclear cultural meaning here while meeting the requirements of science. The author shows that this loss occurs in a necessary way and is connected with the epistemological foundations of modern science, namely, with the understanding (“model”) of “truth”. Consequently, a constructive prerequisite for the natural inclusion of “spirituality” in any discursive system may be a different model of truth in comparison with science. M. Foucault reveals three historical types of discursive practices where “spirituality” (unlike scientific discourse) was not a foreign concept: there ‘truth’ was defined as directly related to the sociocultural production of human subjectivity. Such discourses always implied anthropopraxis, where the condition for the attainment of truth was the “transformation” of its very subject — here ‘truth’ was semantically closely intertwined with the ethical category of “the good”.
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Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "What Is a Science of Religion?" Philosophy 93, no. 4 (September 21, 2018): 485–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003181911800030x.
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AbstractModern sociology and anthropology proposed from their very beginnings a scientific study of religion. This paper discusses attempts to understand religion in this ‘scientific’ way. I start with a classical canon of anthropology and sociology of religion, in the works of E. B. Tylor (1832–1917), Max Weber (1864–1920) and Émile Durkheim (1858–1917). Science aims to be a discourse that transcends local identities; it is deeply cosmopolitan. To offer a local metaphysics as its basis would produce a discourse that was not recognizable as a contribution to the cosmopolitan conversation of the sciences. So, a science of religion cannot appeal to the entities invoked in any particular religion; hence the methodological atheism of these three founding fathers. This cosmopolitan ideal, the calling of the scientist, on the one hand, and the concern to understand the ideas of other cultures, on the other, can pull in different directions. Understanding requires us to appeal to our own concepts but not to our own truths. In the explanations, though, truth – the universal shared reality – has to matter, because the scientific story of religion has to work for people of all faiths and none, precisely because it is cosmopolitan. Not everything we call a religion will have historical Christianity's laser-like focus on ontological truth-claims. But as long as there are people making truth-claims in the name of religion, there will be the possibility of a tension between the very idea of a science of religion and some of the multifarious collections of beliefs, practices and institutions that make up what we now call ‘religions’.
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Kozhevina, M. A. "Implementation of article 67.1 of the Russian Constitution in the context of scientific historical and legal experience." Law Enforcement Review 5, no. 3 (October 2, 2021): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2021.5(3).5-19.
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The subject of the research is the constitutional and legal norms of Article 67.1 of the Russian Constitution. These legal norms are legal means of realizing the subjective right to possess objectively verified knowledge about the past of the state and society and providing guarantees in obtaining such knowledge.The purpose of article is to confirm or disprove hypothesis that some historical facts have the potential of legalization and may be involved in the process of legal impact on public relations.The methodology. A systematic approach was used in combination with historical and logical methods of cognition. It made it possible to study the theoretical, factual and legal grounds for the implementation of Article 67.1 of the Russian Constitution. The formal legal method was also used. It determined the vector of analysis of the legal source and the internal structure of the legal norms of Article 67.1, as well as the legal and technical features of their implementation and enforcement.The main results, scope of application. The article stipulates a set of theoretical, factual and legal grounds for the implementation of Article 67.1 of the Russian Constitution. It is shown that the synthesis of scientific knowledge and historical memory, the object of which is the past of a person, society and the state, lies at the basis of legal practice. Such synthesis conttains the potential for the effective implementation of the subjective right to possess objectively verified knowledge of the past and create guarantees in obtaining such knowledge. Scientific historical and legal experience is defined as a necessary condition in achieving the goal of forming an individual and a citizen, resistant to ignorance and misunderstanding of his national identity, reveals its possibilities in substantiating and verifying a historical fact, as well as within the permissible limits of their legalization.Conclusions. Legal matter is systematic and is strictly organized, therefore it can neither be interpreted arbitrarily, nor applied unreasonably. Article 67.1 of Russian Constitution includes four parts, each of which determines the subsequent one. These parts are also in semantic connection with other constitutional principles and declarations, which together determine the mechanism of legal regulation of a special kind of social relations - relations to the past. The state as a subject of these relations, on the one hand, is the creator of conditions for a representative scientific search and the establishment of reliable historical facts, for the subsequent popularization of the scientific result. On the other hand, state legally fixes scientifically grounded facts of state and social development, indicating unity and continuity. Article 67.1 of the Russian Constitution represents an attempt to consolidate legally the well-established historical facts. A historical fact becomes a constant of historical heritage for society when it receives public recognition. The loss of such constant is an irreversible loss (possibly even the destruction of a part or a whole society). In this case historical fact can be defined as a historical truth and may become a subject to legalization, subsequently acquiring the status of a legal norm: principle, definitive, declarative, prescriptive or logical rule of law. The legal concept of historical truth should be perceived not as the opposite of historical untruth (lie), not in the sense of “this is good, but this is bad” and “who benefits from”, because emotionality goes beyond the legal framework. The legal concept of historical truth should be perceived as the opposite of an unscientific, hypothetically assumed, yet unproven historical fact.
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Shustova, O. B., and G. N. Sidorov. "INTUITIVE INSIGHT IN SCIENTIFIC COGNITION." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 31 (2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2021-31-71-75.
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The article presents a historical analysis of the cognitive process based on the mental sense organs. It is shown that for about 2000 years mankind, to comprehend the truth, has attracted not only bodily (sight, hearing, etc.) sense organs, but also intuitive insight — the mental organs of sense. Discussions about the relationship between feeling, reason and mind are presented. It is concluded that intuitive knowledge obtained with the help of the mental organs of senses can give scientific knowledge the opportunity to make an unexpected leap from the field of ignorance to knowledge.
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Jelonek, Tomasz. "Prawda Pisma Świętego." Ruch Biblijny i Liturgiczny 59, no. 3 (September 30, 2006): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21906/rbl.571.
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Article presents the history of contradiction between science and the Bible and how it was solved in Dogmatic Constitution on Divine Revelation Dei Verbum of the II Vatican Council. Since biblical truth was given to us “for the sake of our salvation,” and not in order to teach us natural science or history for their own sake, Sacred Scripture cannot be fairly judged to be in error when it sometimes presents historical or scientific truth in a less complete, less detailed, more popular, or more imprecise (i.e. merely approximate) fashion than would be acceptable in modern texts dedicated formally to those disciplines.
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Streletsky, Yakov Ilyich. "The Causes of the Great Patriotic War: Lies and Historical Truth (philosophical and political analysis)." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.43.
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The scientific failure and reactionary political essence of the concept of "preventive war" of Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union are presented through the analysis of the philosophy of Nazism in its ontological, axiological and anthropological aspects. The conditions created by the leadership of the leading Western states for the attack of the Third Reich on our country are considered in the main areas of general military life - political, diplomatic, military-technical and spiritual. The purpose of the study is a philosophical and sociological understanding of the causes of the Great Patriotic War, a critical analysis of the politically biased concept of "preventive war" and the goals pursued by its authors and modern Russophobes. The scientific novelty of the article is represented by the original author's analysis of the quintessence of German Nazism – its philosophical basis in its various aspects. The relevance of the study is due to the need for: first, the philosophical understanding of the causes of the Great Patriotic War; secondly, the formation of a scientific worldview and historical memory among Russian youth; third, the protection of historical truth. As a result of the undertaken analysis, the ontological, axiological and anthropological aspects of the philosophy of Nazism are identified, as well as the conditions in various spheres of the social life of the Western countries that made it possible for German fascism to unleash a war against the Soviet Union.
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KISLITSYN, Sergey A. "HISTORICAL FALSE AND TRUTH OF A.I. SOLZHENITSYN. NOTES ON THE FIELDS OF HIS BOOKS." Historical and social-educational ideas 11, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17748/2075-9908-2019-11-2-58-72.
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Introduction. The scientific article discusses the views of A.I. Solzhenitsyn on the history of Russia, set out in his writings and in the collection of ideas “Russia, the West, Ukraine” about new dangers threatening world civilization, about the relationship between Russia and Ukraine. His famous manuscript “The GULAG Archipelago”, which played an important role in exposing Stalinism, has a large number of inaccuracies, especially when counting the number of victims of repression. He surpassed the books of V. Shalamov, R. Medvedev and others with extraordinary emotionality and the ultimate specification of the sufferings of prisoners. Fixed idea of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s books is to recognize the GULAG as the main, almost the only, core of the USSR. A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s collections of historical and artistic texts “Red Wheel” and “Two Hundreds Years Together (1795-1995)” are also not full-fledged sources of historical knowledge.Methods. The author of this scientific article reveals the incorrectness of criticism by the writer of both American and Soviet historical science.Results. In the article analyzes the A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s controversial criticism of the B.N. Yeltsin’s reforms in Russia and the nationalist regime in modern Ukraine. The opposition writer was the ideologue of the destruction of the centralized state-empire in socialist times and remained so in the post-Soviet period.Conclusions. The metamorphosis of an eternally opposition writer has been revealed: anti-Stalinist, anti-Communist, anti-Soviet-traditionalist, anti-state, anti-liberal, Russian nationalist.
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Et al., Ikromkhonova Firuza Ikromovna. "THE ISSUE OF HISTORICAL WORKS IN AMERICAN LITERATURE." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 4581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1564.
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This article discusses the issue of literary perception of historical reality and the creation of a mature work as one of the constant problems of literature, it is about paying special attention to comparative-typological analysis of the unity of form and content, composition and plot, system of characters, historical truth and to the fiction in the study of historical works in today's globalization.The article provides an analysis of advanced examples of American literature, information on folk art thinking and cultural development. The poetics of the work of art, in particular, the approach of how the composition of historical works is solved, the typology of characters, the scientific study of the problem of the genre together form the basis of the article.
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Kiknadze, Vladimir. "“Katyn” in propaganda, legal assessments and court decisions, scientific, political and public discourse." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 04-1 (April 1, 2021): 74–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202104statyi04.
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The genesis of the “Katyn Massacre” from the propaganda action of J. Goebbels to modern (2000-2020) historical and legal assessments in scientific works of Russian and foreign authors is presented. As a special direction of the hybrid war against the USSR and Russia, politicized assessments and actions in connection with the “Katyn case” are presented. The results of the analysis of the content of scientific works, little-known facts and versions of which are summarized in the article, the course and results of the international conference held in 2020 in the Tver region, confirm the growing interest of Russian society in the history of the Fatherland in general and its Soviet era in particular, the desire in the name of a worthy future for Russia, to defend the historical truth.
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NEVO, ISAAC YANNI. "The Makings of Good Science: Epistemology and Ethics." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 57, no. 4 (May 6, 2010): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.57.4.319.
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In this paper, I argue that while scientific knowledge is both an intrinsic and an instrumental good, good science does not consist in maximizing such knowledge without regard to anything else. Rather, like the good life, or the good society, good science requires a careful weighing and balancing of knowledge as a value and the values of a free society, including the rule of law, the inviolability of human rights, and the constraints of social justice. Science is, and should be, committed to knowledge and truth, but a science committed only to knowledge and truth is a hostage to fortune, and may find itself, at every turn, allied with inhumanity and injustice, ultimately undermining, thereby, the very possibility of a free society and of free inquiry along with it. Various historical cases of morally tainted scientific knowledge are brought up and discussed along these lines.
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Porus, Vladimir N. "Towards the Reform of the System of Epistemological Goals and Values." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 58, no. 2 (2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202158225.
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Cultural and historical epistemology is not only a special branch of philosophical researches of science, but also the base of reform of a system of the epistemological categories expressing the purposes and values of scientific knowledge. Its need follows from the nature of development of modern science. Preservation of the traditional epistemological categories applied to the analysis of this development results in rough relativism. This danger can be eliminated, having developed the holistic system of epistemological values proceeding from the principle of historicism and “collective” understanding of the subject of scientific knowledge. Both of these bases allow to disclose historical and cultural conditionality of processes of scientific research and broadcast of their results. Such purposes and values of science as the truth and the objectivity of knowledge have historical measurement: they exist only in the course of continuous emergence and destruction, being affected by cultural factors. The collectivity of the subject of scientific knowledge is defined together with concepts of a “transcendental” and “individual and empirical” subject according to the principle of complementarity (N. Bohr) finding an epistemological transcription. The possibilities of political subjectivity of science in connection with the epistemological investigations from participation of scientific communities in political structures and movements are considered.
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Agazzi, Evandro. "La ciencia y el conocimiento de la verdad." Theoría. Revista del Colegio de Filosofía, no. 8-9 (December 31, 1999): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/ffyl.16656415p.1999.8-9.217.
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This paper represents a defense of science as true knowledge. From the standpoint of a historical synthesis, comprehending its Greek origins as well as its modern consolidation, the author emphasizes the role of science in Western culture as the most perfect form of knowledge. This consideration, however, is questioned at the beginning of the XXth century with the crisis of exact sciences. The neopositivistic interpretation of science not only did not help to overcome the crisis; in some cases, it had disastrous consequences for science. Hence, there arose a profound mistrust about scientific truth. Following insights stemming from Classical thought and Frege, the author proposes a recuperation of the referential dimension of science as a way to overcome a weak form of truth (logical coherence) and to reclaim the strong conception of truth: adequation of discourse expressing thought to a world of objects which are independent of the mind and language.
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Mikhailovsky, Alexander. "How Does Martin Heidegger’s Concept of Truth Create a Better Understanding of Knowledge and Politics." Philosophy. Journal of the Higher School of Economics VI, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 281–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2587-8719-2022-1-281-301.
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In this article, the author examines the concept of truth by M. Heidegger in light of social and epistemological issues. He believes that “truth as unconcealment” is a more productive approach than the theory of correspondence or coherence since it can capture a number of socio-humanitarian concepts where verification is complicated. The author believes that Heidegger’s existential-historical thought about the “essence of truth” receives a logical continuation in the “esoteric initiative” or “sygetics”, which — if it is explicated in relation to the social attitudes and imperatives of the thinker — means the strategy of minimizing the public sphere and returning to one’s own. With regard to the institutional (re)production of knowledge, this means a chance for philosophy and scientific research to start a new existence on the other side of academic, professional education, i.e. outside the modern university. Finally, Heidegger’s concept of truth questions the scientistic image of science and philosophy. It shows that genuine knowledge cannot totally depend on the requirement of rational reconstruction of propositions.
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Sanzhenakov, Alexander. "Scientific realism in the history of ancient philosophy." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 14, no. 2 (2020): 702–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2020-14-2-702-708.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of the possibility of applying the methodological principles of scientific realism in the history of ancient philosophy. The author shows that in its strong version, scientific realism is not an appropriate basis for historical research, since it involves minimizing the number of interpretations of philosophical material of the past. Another serious drawback of applying strong versions of scientific realism in the history of philosophy is their focus on the correspondent theory of truth. This theory does not fit the historian of philosophy, since she aims not only at creating a realistic picture of the past, but also at incorporating the philosophical ideas of the past into the modern context, therefore a coherent theory of truth is more likely to meet her objectives. After a brief review of the weak versions of realism (H. Putnam’s “internal realism”, S. Blackburn’s “quasi-realism” and “sensibility theory”), the author concludes that these kinds of realism are more suitable for the history of philosophy in general and for the history of ancient philosophy in particular. As a result, the author concludes that the historian of philosophy must take into account the objectivity and independence of the philosophical ideas of the past, and inevitably be guided by his own conceptual and terminological facilities in order to incorporate the ideas of the past into the modern philosophical context.
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VERBYCH, S. O. "LINGUOCULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF OIKONYMS: QUEST FOR THE TRUTH." Movoznavstvo 324, no. 3 (June 16, 2022): 23–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33190/0027-2833-324-2022-3-003.
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The article is devoted to the review and analysis of the conceptual foundations and results of the study by V. V. Kotovych, set out in the book «The Oiconym of Ukraine as a linguistic and cultural phenomenon: monograph» (2020). The study aims at studing the names of settlements (mostly urban) in Ukraine in the onomastic and cultural aspect, decoding linguistic and extralinguistic information reflected in the basics of the analyzed concepts. In four chapters of the monograph are analyzed scientific works devoted to the study of Ukrainian oikonymy in different aspects; the linguistic and cultural information contained in the oikonyms of Ukraine (first of all the proper names of cities) is characterized; the Ukraine оikonyms is described as a multifaceted linguistic and cultural phenomenon through the prism of reflection in specific names of various manifestations of people’s lives, their ideas about space and time, spirituality, certain symbols, etc. Unfortunately, in many cases V. V. Kotovych explains the names of settlements outside their historical forms, and analyzes the creative bases superficially, neglecting their word-forming structure and semantics. This approach often leads to erroneous conclusions both in the interpretation of the derivation model of oikonyms and in establishing their etymology. For example, the author derives the oikonym Zhmerynka in Eastern Podillya on behalf of *Zhmeryn + the suffix -k-a. However, the original name of the city is not Zhmerynka, but Bokiivtsi, known since the end of the XVI century: 1598 — Bokijowce. The name Zhmerynka is later. By the way, she was preceded by the Zhmerynka uniform. In addition, the suffix -k-a does not perform a possessive function. Thus, linguistic and cultural research of toponyms has prospects only if it is based on professional structural-semantic and etymological analysis of the respective geographical names, taking into account their historical forms and possible phonetic changes in the time plane.
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Graboyes, Melissa, and Zainab Alidina. "African Studies Keyword: Malaria." African Studies Review 64, no. 4 (December 2021): 959–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2021.133.
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AbstractFrom nearly any perspective and metric, the effects of malaria on the African continent have been persistent and deep. By focusing on the malady of malaria and the last century of biomedical interventions, Graboyes and Alidina raise critical historical, ethical, and scientific questions related to truth telling, African autonomy, and the obligations of foreign researchers. They provide a condensed history of malaria activities on the continent over the past 120 years, highlighting the overall history of failures to eliminate or control the disease. A case study of the risks of rebound malaria illustrates the practical and moral problems that abound when historical knowledge is ignored. In light of current calls for renewed global eradication efforts, Graboyes and Alidina provide evidence for why historical knowledge must be better integrated into global health epistemic realms.
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Řídký, Josef. "Temps et récit : un défi pour l'écriture de l'histoire. À propos d'une lecture ricœurienne de Landscape and Memory de Simon Schama." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 8, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 54–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2017.391.
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During the past fifty years, a dispute over the nature of historical discourse has taken place with the narrativist approach, arguing for the dominance of narration in history, on the one hand, and professional historians defending historiography's will to tell the truth, on the other. Paul Ricoeur entered the discussion with his work Time and Narrative where he offered an inventive response. According to him, both narration and scientific explication are essential to historical discourse. To support his statement, he introduces terms such as ‘a third time,‘ ‘a quasi-narration’ or ‘a historical consciousness.’ Thus, he shifts attention from narration to time. These terms can prove their usefulness when interpreting historical works. In the rest of the article, we aim to carry out such an interpretation on the example of Landscape and Memory by Simon Schama. In a Ricœurian perspective, Schama's book reveals its deep time significance.
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Alai, Mario. "How Deployment Realism withstands Doppelt's Criticisms." Spontaneous Generations: A Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science 9, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.4245/sponge.v9i1.27046.
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Gerald Doppelt claims that Deployment Realism cannot withstand the antirealist objections based on the “pessimistic meta-induction” and Laudan’s historical counterexamples. Moreover it is incomplete, as it purports to explain the predictive success of theories, but overlooks the necessity to explain also their explanatory success. Accordingly, he proposes a new version of realism, presented as the best explanation of both predictive and explanatory success, and committed only to the truth of best current theories, not of the discarded ones (Doppelt (2007, 2011, 2013, 2014).
Elsewhere I criticized his new brand of realism. Here instead I argue that (a) Doppelt has not shown that Deployment Realism cannot solve the problems raised by the history of science, (b) explaining explanatory success does not add much to explaining novel predictive success, and (c) Doppelt is right that truth is not a sufficient explanans, but for different reasons, and this does not refute Deployment Realism, but helps to detail it better. In a more explicit formulation, the realist IBE concludes not only to the truth of theories, but also to the reliability of scientists and scientific method, the order and simplicity of nature, and the approximate truth of background theories.
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ZHANG, WEN-RAN, PAUL P. WANG, KARL E. PEACE, JUSTIN ZHAN, and YAN-QING ZHANG. "ON TRUTH, UNCERTAINTY, EQUILIBRIUM AND HARMONY — A TAXONOMY FOR YINYANG SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 04, no. 02 (July 2008): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005708001033.
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Although modern scientific and technological advances derive computational power primarily from the classical evidence-based bottom-up cognition as founded by Greek philosopher Aristotle in his philosophy of science with a bivalent logic, the classical cognition, however, has met stiff challenges during the last few decades because of uncertainty faced by many new scientific endeavors. The holistic top-down nature of nanotechnology and brain modeling are just two of many examples. This new development points to the need for a critical review of the historical origins and distinctions of both top-down and bottom-up cognitions. This paper reviews the philosophy of science as founded by Aristotle (300BC), the Platonic realism as founded by Aristotle's teacher Plato (400BC-300BC), and the YinYang philosophy as founded by the ancient Chinese philosopher Laozi (or Laotze) (600BC). It is suggested that the long-standing unsettled dispute between Aristotle and Plato features a major source of uncertainty for both logic and mathematics. The authors hence propose a number of controversial philosophical and logical issues for debate. We advocate YinYang as an inspiration and unifying force for both top-down inductive and bottom-up deductive reasoning. We attempt to use an equilibrium-based YinYang bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) to bridge the gap between Aristotle and Plato as well as between logic and mathematics. Furthermore, we present a taxonomy for YinYang scientific computing with a classification of logical and statistical models for further discussion; we suggest that YinYang can be used as a catalyst for resolving certain "terminological difficulties" regarding truth, polarity, intuitionism, para-consistency, and fuzziness for equilibrium and harmony. A number of critical points are enumerated and discussed. An open challenge is posted.
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Bassnett, Susan, Ann-Christine Frandsen, and Keith Hoskin. "The unspeakable truth of accounting." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 31, no. 7 (September 17, 2018): 2083–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-08-2017-3099.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate accounting as first visible-sign statement form, and also as the first writing, and analyse its systematic differences, syntactic and semantic, from subsequent speech-following (glottographic) writing forms. The authors consider how accounting as non-glottographic (and so “unspeakable”) writing form renders “glottography” a “subsystem of writing” (Hyman, 2006), while initiating a mode of veridiction which always and only names and counts, silently and synoptically. The authors also consider the translation of this statement form into the graphs, charts, equations, etc., which are central to the making of modern scientific truth claims, and to remaking the boundaries of “languaging” and translatability. Design/methodology/approach As a historical–theoretical study, this draws on work reconceptualising writing vs speech (e.g. Harris, 1986; 2000), the statement vs the word (e.g. Foucault, 1972/2002) and the parameters of translation (e.g. Littau, 2016) to re-think the conceptual significance of accounting as constitutive of our “literate modes” of thinking, acting and “languaging in general”. Findings Specific reflections are offered on how the accounting statement, as mathematically regularised naming of what “ought” to be counted, is then evaluated against what is counted, thus generating a first discourse of the norm and a first accounting-based apparatus for governing the state. The authors analyse how the non-glottographic statement is constructed and read not as linear flow of signs but as simulacrum; and on how the accounting statement poses both the practical issue of how to translate non-linear flow statements, and the conceptual problem of how to think this statement form’s general translatability, given its irreducibility to the linear narrative statement form. Originality/value The paper pioneers in approaching accounting as statement form in a way that analyses the differences that flow from its non-glottographic status.
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Morrone, Alessandra, and Lisa Zorzato. "The Song of the Science Mermaid: A Philosophical Trilogue on the Osteological Paradox." Acta Baltica Historiae et Philosophiae Scientiarum 9, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11590/abhps.2021.1.03.
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As a modern academic Ulysses, the historical scientist is enticed by numerous plausible scientific theories that can explain the historical data in search of the truth. However, the predicament of her work is to inevitably crash onto the rocks and cliffs of uncertainty. The problem discussed in this paper is that several scientific models can be suitable to account for the same empirical observations. The risk of falling into speculation is looming, and exceedingly dangerous in science. This is also the case in archaeological sciences, such as bioarchaeology. A bioarchaeologist frequently encounters traces of disease in ancient skeletons, and pertinent patterns may often result from equally probable different causes. This is a methodological issue commonly encountered in the interpretation of pathological patterns in human remains, and constitutes part of the problem known in bioarchaeology as the osteological paradox. During an informal trilogue, three characters discuss the osteological paradox, and attempt to define it in philosophical terms. The aim of this work is to present the problems of scientists with the philosophical approach to the debate between scientific realism and antirealism, focusing in particular on the so-called problem of underdetermination. Our original approach is to apply the distinction between ‘how-possibly’ models and ‘how-actually’ models by Alisa Bokulich to archaeological issues, integrating various fields of science with a multidisciplinary and omnivorous approach. The trilogue ends providing the historical scientist with reasons and means to believe in her ability to conceive of true and reliable scientific models to interpret the historical past.
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Bobylev, B. "Philology and missional hermeneutics: ontology of communication." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 11, no. 6 (December 14, 2022): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2022-11-6-74-79.
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The article highlights the methodological connection between philology and mission hermeneutics in communicative and ontological aspects.
Goal. Disclosure of the ontological foundations of communication carried out through sacred and artistic texts in a historical, cultural, aesthetic and theological context.
Methodology, methods and techniques. In the course of the research, general scientific and specific scientific methods are used, a system-overview, contextual-hermeneutic, spiritual-existential and polyparadimal approach are applied.
Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the research consists in substantiating the synthesis and fundamental interdependence of the communicative ("technical") and ontological (substantive) aspects, "interpretation" and "understanding", "method" and "truth" based on the "good news", personal assimilation of the meaning of the text as a Word addressed to the reader.
Practical significance. The research creates prerequisites for improving the methodology and technology of philological, rhetorical, linguo-stylistic and functional-communicative analysis of the text.
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Тагиров, Айрат Наилевич. "PROPERTY SEARCH REGULATION IN THE LEGISLATION OF THE PERIOD OF THE FORMATION AND STRENGTHENING OF THE RUSSIAN CENTRALIZED STATE." Rule-of-law state: theory and practice 18, no. 1(67) (March 30, 2022): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/pravgos-2022.1.15.
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Abstract. Purpose of the article: to analyze historical legal acts and law enforcement acts regulating the search for stolen property in the period of the formation and strengthening of the Russian centralized state. Methods: specific scientific methods – historical-legal and the method of legal norms interpretation are applied. Results: the study reveals features of the search for property and related legal actions. There are sufficient grounds to believe that, during the formation and strengthening of the Russian centralized state, matters relating to the search for stolen property in criminal proceedings continued to be regulated by the rules of the Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth). The search was carried out both by the victims themselves (complainants) together with members of their community and by the authorities acting as bailiffs, as confirmed by the case file of 1503, which reproduced the procedure of tracing, known since the times of the Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth). Considering that the role of bailiffs was also performed by weekly bailiffs, there is a well-founded claim that these officials were able to conduct searches both to apprehend the perpetrator and to search for stolen property (red-handed).
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Рупова, Розалия Моисеевна. "Truth and History. Biblical Historicism as a Path to Theological Synthesis." Библейские схолии, no. 1(1) (June 15, 2020): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/bsch.2020.1.1.014.
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В статье описана специфика библейской философии истории, прослеживаются библейские основания формирования европейской исторической мысли, а также пути её трансформации в эпоху Ренессанса, в Новое и Новейшее время. В кризисный ХХ в. так называемый «антропологический поворот» приводит к антропологизации, среди прочих направлений научного знания, и историософской мысли. Происшедшая встреча Восточно-христианской традиции с философией, антропологией и историей открывает перспективу нового богословского синтеза. The article describes the specifics of the biblical philosophy of history, traces the biblical foundations of the formation of European historical thought, as well as the ways of its transformation in the Renaissance, in the New and Modern times. In the crisis of the twentieth century, the so-called «anthropological turn» leads to anthropologization, among other areas of scientific knowledge, and historiosophical thought. The meeting between the East Christian tradition and philosophy, anthropology and history opens up the prospect of new theological synthesis.
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Muhammad Alfatih Suryadilaga, Teuku Amnar Saputra. "Perkembangan dan Kesahihan Hadis Dari Awal Islam Hingga Zaman Post Truth." Jurnal Ilmiah Al-Mu'ashirah 17, no. 1 (September 9, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jim.v17i1.7902.
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The Post Truth era has made truth relative from a personal point of view not based on scientific facts. Freedom of information access makes the quality not proportional to the existing quantity. This relative truth has implications for the development of hadith which has been consumed by Muslim World in general. From the historical point of view, the modification of the hadith is inseparable from the interests of three Islamic thought orientations, namely Syiah, Ahlusunnah Wal Jamaah and Khawarij. The purpose of this study is to map the history of the development of the hadith from the time of the Prophet Muhammad and how the truth of the traditions used by the community from the time of the Prophet Muhammad to the Post Truth era. The results of this study indicate that the distribution of hadith originated in the early days of Islam, but not in official writing. Then came the official codification period in the caliph Umar bin Abdul Aziz II century Hijri. In the next period the hadith is recorded in the form of books and in the global era the hadith has been in the form of a website to the implications that can be used through smartphones. But in terms of the truth of the hadith in the Post Truth Era is still influenced by the interests of related parties so that the truth must be reviewed. Seeing the many uses of hadith in accordance with the wishes of the stakeholders. The interests are in the form of political interests and the interests of content providers with commercial purposes in various forms such as applications, dissemination on social media.
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Moldagaliyev, Bauyrzhan, and Reza Sabbaghpoor. "Axiology of socio-humanitarian cognitive and sociocultural types being of man." Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues 5, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjpr.v5i2.140.
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The goal of the following article is to show that the system of values (ideals and worldview attitudes) affects the nature and results of scientific work of a researcher. It is showed, that socio-cultural and historical conditionality of scientific knowledge is implemented not only by the impact of social institutions, investment policy and state support for science, but also through the system of value orientations of scientists themselves. It was analyzed the axiological views in the application of scientific knowledge to such prominent outstanding thinkers such as I. Kant, H. Rickert, M. Weber, W. Dilthey. We prove that an approach which recognizes that the values in science express socio-cultural conditioning of science, and becomes the determining factor in philosophy of social and humanitarian knowledge. Keywords: axiology, value, cognition, meaning, social and humanitarian cognition, truth as a value
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Livshits, R. L. "ABOUT THE UNIVERSAL CRITERION OF SCIENCE AND LIKE A SCIENCE DISTINCTION." Humanities And Social Studies In The Far East 17, no. 3 (2020): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31079/1992-2868-2020-17-3-181-193.
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The concept of like a science is introduced to denote one of the forms of imitation of scientific knowledge, which exists along with pseudoscience as well as and parascience. From the author's point of view, the essence of a kind of science consists in reproducing the external signs of scientific research in order to achieve pragmatic goals that have nothing to do with the search for truth. On one specific example, the author analyzes the typical features inherent in a kind of scientific text. It is proposed to consider this text as a reference. A universal table has been developed that allows one to algorithmize the process of differentiating science and, as it were, like a science. The world-historical significance of the Eidelman concept as a classical embodiment of a kind of science is revealed.