Journal articles on the topic 'Historical linguistics'

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1

van Driem, George. "Linguistic history and historical linguistics." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41, no. 1 (July 20, 2018): 106–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.18005.dri.

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Abstract This invited response to a piece by LaPolla, published in issue 39/2 of LTBA, addresses both LaPolla’s misrepresentations of the history of linguistics and his flawed understanding of historical linguistics. The history of linguistic thought with regard to the Tibeto-Burman or Trans-Himalayan language family vs. the Indo-Chinese or “Sino-Tibetan” family tree model is elucidated and juxtaposed against the remarkable robustness of certain ahistorical myths and the persistence of unscientific argumentation by vocal proponents of the Sino-Tibetanist paradigm, such as LaPolla.
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2

Qoraquziyeva, Diyora I. "CHRONOLOGY OF GENDER LINGUISTIC RESEARCH IN LINGUISTICS." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 6, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume06issue03-13.

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In this article, the development of gender linguistics as a branch and direction of modern linguistics is discussed. Apart from that, the historical development of linguistic research on gender aspects, particularly in the investigation of phraseological units, and the analysis of scholars' scientific views on the same issue have been scrutinized.
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3

Harris, Tony. "Linguistics in applied linguistics : a historical overview." Journal of English Studies 3 (May 29, 2002): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.72.

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This paper looks at some of the underlying reasons which might explain the uncertainty surrounding applied linguistics as an academic enquiry. The opening section traces the emergence of the field through its professional associations and publications and identifies second and foreign language (L2) teaching as its primary activity. The succeeding section examines the extent to which L2 pedagogy, as a branch of applied linguistics, is conceived within a theoretical linguistic framework and how this might have changed during a historical period that gave rise to Chomskyan linguistics and the notion of communicative competence. The concluding remarks offer explanations to account for the persistence of linguistic parameters to define applied linguistics
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4

Kibbee, Douglas A., and Winfred P. Lehmann. "Historical Linguistics." Modern Language Journal 78, no. 1 (1994): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329292.

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Blust, Robert, and Winfred P. Lehmann. "Historical Linguistics." Oceanic Linguistics 35, no. 2 (December 1996): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623182.

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Stahlke, Herbert F. W., and Lyle Campbell. "Historical Linguistics." Language 76, no. 2 (June 2000): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417666.

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Moss, Howard. "Historical Linguistics." System 30, no. 4 (December 2002): 557–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0346-251x(02)00040-4.

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8

Hoenigswald, Henry M. "Bloomfield and historical linguistics." Historiographia Linguistica 14, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1987): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.14.1-2.10hoe.

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Summary Bloomfield worked in both historical and synchronic linguistics. To the former, he contributed: (1) a large amount of work in specific fields; (2) scrutiny of the nature of historical linguistic investigation; and (3) an analysis of the phenomenon of linguistic change. In his Language (1933), he did not narrate the procedures involved in synchronic investigation, nor did he set forth the steps to be followed in analysis. In his exposition of the results of diachronic linguistics, his approach was one of respect and admiration for the achievements of nineteenth-century historical linguistics. Since he accepted the (often disputed) postulate of the regularity of sound-change, he defended it by indirect persuasion in setting forth the arguments by which it is confirmed. His view of the causation of phonological and morphological change is interpreted as an anticipation of later sociolinguistics. In so doing, he restated his predecessors’ and his own insights, thereby rescuing them from the ministrations of their would-be defenders.
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9

박종후. "The traverse between historical linguistics and linguistic typology." Language Facts and Perspectives 35, no. ll (May 2015): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.20988/lfp.2015.35..261.

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10

Manolessou, Io. "On historical linguistics, linguistic variation and Medieval Greek." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 32, no. 1 (March 2008): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/030701308x259679.

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11

Anttila, Raimo. "Causality in Linguistic Theory and in Historical Linguistics." Diachronica 5, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1988): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.5.1-2.09ant.

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12

Francis, W. N., and Henning Andersen. "Historical Linguistics 1993." Language 73, no. 1 (March 1997): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416635.

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13

Jäger, Gerhard. "Computational historical linguistics." Theoretical Linguistics 45, no. 3-4 (December 18, 2019): 151–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tl-2019-0011.

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Abstract Computational approaches to historical linguistics have been proposed for half a century. Within the last decade, this line of research has received a major boost, owing both to the transfer of ideas and software from computational biology and to the release of several large electronic data resources suitable for systematic comparative work. In this article, some of the central research topics of this new wave of computational historical linguistics are introduced and discussed. These are automatic assessment of genetic relatedness, automatic cognate detection, phylogenetic inference and ancestral state reconstruction. They will be demonstrated by means of a case study of automatically reconstructing a Proto-Romance word list from lexical data of 50 modern Romance languages and dialects. The results illustrate both the strengths and the weaknesses of the current state of the art of automating the comparative method.
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14

Uktamovna, Khusenova Mekhriniso. "COMPARATIVE TYPOLOGY OF THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 06 (June 1, 2023): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue06-08.

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Comparative linguistics, or comparative-historical linguistics (formerly comparative philology ) is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness. This article focuses on the comparative typology of English, Uzbek and discusses the formation of comparative typology as a science, its methods of analysis, and the relations it with other linguistic subjects. Key words-comparative typology, confrontative linguistics, contrastive linguistics, linguistic characterology, comparativists, notions of a type of a language and a type in a language, linguistic universals, recessives and uncials
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15

Hope, By Jonathan. "APPLIED HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS: SOCIO-HISTORICAL LINGUISTIC EVIDENCE FOR THE AUTHORSHIP OF RENAISSANCE PLAYS." Transactions of the Philological Society 88, no. 2 (November 1990): 201–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-968x.1990.tb00638.x.

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16

Stuurman, Frits. "Historical roots of linguistic theories; History of linguistics 1993." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 34, no. 3 (1998): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6696(199822)34:3<303::aid-jhbs18>3.0.co;2-x.

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17

Shtok, Nina. "Cognitive linguistics – a historical context." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 21 (2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2021.21.08.

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The article offers a brief overview of the most prominent landmarks in the development of Cognitive Linguistics. It starts with the very inception of the field in the late 70s as a strong reaction against a doctrine of generative linguistics dominating at that time. Later the paper describes the cornerstone theories which were at the onset of this linguistic enterprise. From the very beginning the movement was rather diverse and still cannot be defined as one unified theory; however, there has always been one common factor in its approaches which is the centrality of meaning in language study. The works of the second wave of cognitive linguists, which are also outlined in the article, focused even more increasingly on cognitive functions providing insights into the nature and organization of human thoughts. Nowadays the postulates of Cognitive Linguistics are applied not only to all levels of language study but extended to other scientific areas.
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18

Kytö, Merja. "Corpora and historical linguistics." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada 11, no. 2 (2011): 417–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-63982011000200007.

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The present article aims to survey and assess the current state of electronic historical corpora and corpus methodology, and attempts to look into possible future developments. It highlights the fact that within the wide spectrum of corpus linguistic methodology, historical corpus linguistics has emerged as a vibrant field that has significantly added to the appeal felt for the study of language history and change. In fact, according to a historical linguist with more than fifty years of experience, "[w]e could even go as far as to say that without the support and new impetus provided by corpora, evidence-based historical linguistics would have been close to the end of its life-span in these days of rapid-changing life and research, increasing competition on the academic career track and the methodological attractions offered to young scholars" (RISSANEN, forthcoming). Historical corpora and other electronic resources have also made the study of language history attractive: working on them engages students in an individual and interactive way that they find appealing (CURZAN 2000, p. 81).
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19

Goncharova, V. V. "Historical development of linguistics’ bibliography in Russia (1860-2013)." Bibliosphere, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/1815-3186-2016-3-3-8.

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The interdisciplinary character of the science of language causes great difficulties in bibliographic support in this field. The object of bibliographing in linguistics is not only literature on the language, but also a variety of linguistic resources, which represent a special object to study a branch of linguistics - lexicography. Bibliography of linguistics is the least studied field by specialists among humanitarian bibliographic complexes. The paper first studied the array of domestic bibliographic sources for more than 150 years; the most significant of them are shown. The subject of research is national bibliographic resources in the linguistics field. The objective is to characterize the historical development of the linguistic bibliography in Russia. To achieve this goal we had to solve a number of tasks: identify existing sources for ongoing historical research; to trace the history of forming bibliographic sources, bibliography of bibliographies of linguistics; to form and analyze the body of bibliographic materials; to characterize the problematic areas in the bibliographic software of linguistics. Using the bibliometric analysis it was studied an array of bibliographic products published between 1860 and 2013, the dynamics of bibliographic resources formation was determined, the degree of bibliographic support of some topics and issues in linguistic science and prior directions of their development were revealed. The main results of the study should be considered: 1. The nuclear of fundamental indices on general and applied linguistics is singled out in analyzed literature sources covering the period 1918-1977, as well as in Slavic linguistics for 1825-1981. The complex of current and retrospective bibliographic products was formed and replenished in the country in 1963-1988. 2. The largest share of bibliographic sources in linguistics is presented by book and article bibliography (over 70%), many of which remain bibliographically unrecorded and unused. 3. The following subject areas of linguistics are considered to be bibliographically supported: inter-linguistics, culture of speech and language norms, lexicography, linguistic geography, linguistics regional geography, onomastics. 4. An obvious need to continue the index or database of bibliographic aids in the field of linguistics over the past 50 years is marked. 5. Further development of the linguistics bibliography is impossible to imagine without creating an electronic guide on the bibliographic resources of linguistics, which would reflect the diversity of bibliographical resources and provide their rich information potential for professionals and remote users
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20

Krippes, Karl A. "The Phonetic History of Korean Numerals." Korean Linguistics 7 (January 1, 1992): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.7.01kk.

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The purpose of this paper is, first, to survey the history of the linguistic study of Korean numerals. Secondly, drawing from dialectal information, Old and Middle Korean, and employing the facts of Korean historical linguistics, the proto-Silla (not proto Korean) numerals will be reconstructed. If some Korean Altaic etymologies conflict with the facts from Korean historical linguistics, the Altaic etymologies rather than the facts from Korean historical linguistics will be abandoned. This is a necessary procedure because the tendency in Korean and Western scholarship is that, no matter how much Korean historical linguistics advances, its findings are often ignored as soon as the discussion turns to Korean-Altaic linguistic comparisons.
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21

Thurgood, Graham. "Historical Linguistics: An Introduction:Historical Linguistics: An Introduction." American Anthropologist 103, no. 1 (March 2001): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.1.235.

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22

Hock, Hans Henrich, Winfred P. Lehmann, and Yakov Malkiel. "Perspectives on Historical Linguistics." Language 61, no. 1 (March 1985): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/413427.

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23

van Gelderen, Elly, and Derek Britton. "English Historical Linguistics 1994." Language 73, no. 3 (September 1997): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415938.

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24

Anttila, Raimo, Ernst Håkon Jahr, Ove Lorentz, and Ernst Hakon Jahr. "Historisk Språkvitenskap / Historical Linguistics." Language 71, no. 2 (June 1995): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416191.

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25

Katz, Joshua T., Garry W. Davis, and Gregory K. Iverson. "Explanation in Historical Linguistics." Language 70, no. 1 (March 1994): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416762.

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26

van Kerckvoorde, Colette, and Raimo Anttila. "Historical and Comparative Linguistics." Language 66, no. 3 (September 1990): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414628.

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27

Joseph, Brian D., and Hans Henrich Hock. "Principles of Historical Linguistics." Language 65, no. 1 (March 1989): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414853.

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28

Liuzza, Roy M. "Orthography and Historical Linguistics." Journal of English Linguistics 24, no. 1 (March 1996): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/007542429602400103.

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29

Abraham, Werner. "R.L. Trask. Historical Linguistics." Studies in Language 22, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 522–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.22.2.16abr.

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30

Kytö, Merja. "Register in historical linguistics." Register Studies 1, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 136–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rs.18011.kyt.

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Abstract Merja Kytö is Professor of English Language at Uppsala University. In this article, she provides a detailed accounting of the role of register in research on the historical development of language. Her substantial body of work has focused on both the historical development of specific registers, as well as how historical change has been mediated by register. Her research has encompassed a range of time periods (from Early Modern English to the 19th century) and registers (for example, depositions, Salem witchcraft records, and dialogues). Her many edited collections have brought historical linguists together into comprehensive and rigorous volumes, including the Cambridge Handbook of English Historical Linguistics (Kytö & Pahta 2016, Cambridge University Press), English in Transition: Corpus-Based Studies in Linguistic Variation and Genre Styles (Rissanen, Kytö, & Heikkonen 1997, De Gruyter), and Developments in English: Expanding Electronic Evidence (Taavitsainen, Kytö, Claridge, & Smith 2014, Cambridge University Press). She has been a key contributor to the development of principled historical corpora, such as the Helsinki Corpus of English Texts project, which represents a range of registers from Old and Middle English to Early Modern English. Merja Kytö has long been a leader in demonstrating how systematic attention to register can result in rich profiles of historical development, and in addressing the inherent challenges involved in utilizing historical documents for linguistic research.
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Picard, Marc. "Historical Linguistics 1999 (review)." Language 79, no. 2 (2003): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2003.0129.

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32

Geyer, Klaus. "Lyle Campbell, Historical linguistics." Beiträge zur Geschichte der deutschen Sprache und Literatur (PBB) 124, no. 1 (June 2002): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bgsl.2002.125.

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Luis MartíNez-Dueñas, José. "Book Review: Historical Linguistics." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 12, no. 2 (May 2003): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947003012002298.

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34

Öhl, Peter. "Historical Linguistics – An Introduction." Linguistische Berichte (LB) 2007, no. 209 (January 1, 2007): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.46771/2366077500209_5.

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35

Greenberg, Joseph H. "Proto-Linguistic Variation: A Link between Historical Linguistics and Sociolinguistics." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 15 (November 25, 1989): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v15i0.1756.

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36

Kulyntaeva, T. B., Gurer Gulsevin, l. A. Espekova, and M. A. Batyrbaeva. "«SITUATIONAL TIME» IN HISTORICAL EPICS." Bulletin of Shokan Ualikhanov Kokshetau University. Philological Series 2024, no. 1 (March 28, 2024): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.59102/kufil/2024/iss1pp167-179.

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Conceptual research stands as a cornerstone in uncovering linguocultural values and the collective psyche of diverse peoples, offering profound insights into their worldview. This article endeavors to unveil the manifestation of temporal context within historical epics, deeply intertwined with the epochs and narratives of the respective societies. The study seeks to elucidate the collective consciousness and societal understanding prevalent during the periods under study, achieved through an analysis of linguistic expressions denoting temporal concepts within historical poetic texts. Drawing upon scholarly evidence, the article delineates the mechanisms and distinctive attributes characterizing the portrayal of situational time within historical epics. It underscores the prominent role of grammatical constructs, particularly the active utilization of the verb's grammatical category, in conveying temporal nuances. Furthermore, linguistic analysis reveals the pivotal role of the temporal dimension in discerning historical veracity within these literary compositions. The scholarly significance of this research lies in its theoretical contributions to cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, and the study of linguistic folklore. Additionally, the practical implications extend to educational contexts, offering enriching content for specialized courses such as "Linguistic Folklore Studies," "Cognitive Linguistics," and "Linguoculturology," thereby fostering a deeper understanding of temporal dynamics within cultural narratives. Key words: concept, cognition, historical epic, linguistic unity, time, situational time, grammatical category
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Andrighetto, Giulia. "Universali linguistici e categorie grammaticali." PARADIGMI, no. 2 (July 2009): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/para2009-002010.

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- In this paper I explore the consistency of an idea of language structures as both universal in their nature and empirical in their genesis. To this aim, I assume the theory of the parts of speech as a case study. I proceed from a brief historical reconstruction of 20th-century theories of grammatical categories to an analysis of the semantics of the parts of speech, with particular emphasis on Ronald Langacker's philosophy of grammar. Finally I focus on the theory of prepositions in order to explore the relations between language and perception and the function of perceptual schemas at the basis of linguistic categories.Keywords: Linguistic universals, Parts of speech, Perceptual schemas, Cognitive linguistics, Prepositions, Philosophy of grammar.Parole chiave: Universali linguistici, Parti del discorso, Schemi percettivi, Linguistica cognitiva, Preposizioni, Filosofia della grammatica.
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Buniiatova, Izabella. "COMPARATIVE LINGUISTICS: AIMS, TARGETS, DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS." Studia Philologica, no. 2 (2019): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2019.13.2.

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This is a survey of comparative linguistics viewed as a set of the related paradigms that embrace comparative historical linguistics, aerial linguistics, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics. The treatment of the science in question is largely based on the author’s long-standing experience deduced from research projects and from teaching it as a University professor. Placing the aforementioned paradigms under the umbrella concept “comparative linguistics” seems relevant and appropriate due to their sharing the key tool of investigation, i.e., COMPARISON, also due to their providing each other with applicable procedures and principles, as in case of two seemingly closer pairs, comparative historical and aerial areal linguistics, on the one hand, linguistic typology and contrastive linguistics, on the other hand.
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Kaufman, Terrence, and John Justeson. "HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS AND PRE-COLUMBIAN MESOAMERICA." Ancient Mesoamerica 20, no. 2 (2009): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536109990113.

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AbstractThis article presents some of the authors' perspectives on the past 20 years of work that applies the results of research in historical linguistics to the understanding of the histories and cultural practices of pre-Columbian Mesoamericans. It focuses on major cultural transformations to which both historical linguistic and archaeological data can contribute, such as the spread of agriculture, and migrations in Mesoamerican prehistory. It also addresses major culture-historical studies on narrower topics: on Nawa and its place in the prehistory of Mexico, in particular confirming standard views that Nawas were immigrants into Mesoamerica; on Archaic and Formative period interactions involving Oto-Mangeans, which is work that is largely still to be done; on the prospects for work on long-distance contacts between Mesoamerica and North America; on the contributions of historical linguistics in Mesoamerican epigraphy; and on the value and prospects of updating the methodology of glottochronology.
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Mukhetdinov, D. V. "Khusain Faizkhanov and the historical linguistics development." Philology and Culture, no. 3 (October 4, 2023): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26907/2782-4756-2023-73-3-44-53.

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The article discusses the activities of Khusain Faizkhanov and the results of his work in the areas related to linguistics. Based on available source materials and indirect information, the article characterizes Kh. Faizkhanov’s proficiency in various languages, which was demonstrated by him both in his educational and research activities. The article draws attention to the factors that influenced Kh. Faizkhanov’s linguistic skills development. The range of languages that Kh. Faizkhanov knew and used in his work was wide. If he could master some of the languages due to his origin and profile of education (Turkic, Arabic, Persian), he learned others on his own, achieving the level that enabled him to use them functionally for specific tasks (Russian, Chuvash). Kh. Faizkhanov equally excelled as a linguistic theorist, which is clearly evidenced by his own textbook on the Tatar language, as a philologist, which is reflected in his work with written monuments, and as a linguist, which follows from his ability to make important, in terms of historical linguistics, methodological conclusions on the interpretation of the Volga-Bulgarian epitaphs, involving the use of information from the Chuvash language.
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Steiner, Lydia, Michael Cysouw, and Peter Stadler. "A Pipeline for Computational Historical Linguistics." Language Dynamics and Change 1, no. 1 (2011): 89–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221058211x570358.

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AbstractThere are many parallels between historical linguistics and molecular phylogenetics. In this paper we describe an algorithmic pipeline that mimics, as closely as possible, the traditional workflow of language reconstruction known as the comparative method. The pipeline consists of suitably modified algorithms based on recent research in bioinformatics, which are adapted to the specifics of linguistic data. This approach can alleviate much of the laborious research needed to establish proof of historical relationships between languages. Equally important to our proposal is that each step in the workflow of the comparative method is implemented independently, so language specialists have the possibility to scrutinize intermediate results. We have used our pipeline to investigate two groups of languages, the Tsezic languages of the Caucasus and the Mataco-Guaicuruan languages of South America, based on the lexical data from the Intercontinental Dictionary Series (IDS). The results of these tests show that the current approach is a viable and useful extension to historical linguistic research.
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Mithun, Marianne. "Historical Linguistics and Linguistic Theory: Reducing the Arbitrary and Constraining Explanation." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 15 (November 25, 1989): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v15i0.1749.

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Winther-Nielsen, Nicolai. "Historical linguistics and linguistic dating of the Hebrew Bible 2015-2018." HIPHIL Novum 5, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hn.v5i1.142166.

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44

Karpov, Vladimir I., and Tatiana V. Toporova. "Historical genre studies and the history of language: The place and role of text types in German and Russian historical linguistic research." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 18, no. 3 (2021): 569–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2021.309.

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The article presents a critical analysis of both domestic and foreign works on text linguistics where researchers try to reveal a minimum classification unit. More specifically, the article focuses on the term “Textsorte”. While it is widely employed in German linguistics, its content is not clearly defined in the works of Russian and foreign scholars. Here, it is shown how the term is approached in different fields of research — in information aesthetics, semiotics, text theory, and historical linguistics. The article is aimed at assessing the potential certain text types, recorded in various periods of the life of language, have for an extended description of language history. The authors analyze texts of oral folklore, and namely charms. Therefore, works on the history and typology of folklore genres are taken into account and thoroughly reviewed. These are mainly linguistic genre studies and scrutinizing them provides an opportunity to touch upon problems pertinent to the research of text genres, to consider the discussion around “text genre” and “text type” in foreign and domestic linguistics, to define the place and role of given text types in historical linguistic and cultural studies, and to reveal both trends in researching folklore texts and the relationship of folklore with text linguistics. The authors come to the conclusion that a comprehensive description of a given text type allows one to formulate general principles of diachronically oriented research and make a significant contribution to the development of historical linguistics.
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Batista, Ronaldo de Oliveira. "Western Linguistics: an historical introduction." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 19, no. 2 (2003): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502003000200006.

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46

Price, Glanville, and Roger Lass. "Historical Linguistics and Language Change." Modern Language Review 94, no. 1 (January 1999): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3736115.

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47

Windfuhr, Gernot L., Sekander Amanolahi, and W. M. Thackston. "Metrics, Licenses, and Historical Linguistics." Journal of the American Oriental Society 109, no. 2 (April 1989): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/604429.

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48

Bender, M. Lionel, and Stanley McCray. "Advanced Principles of Historical Linguistics." Language 66, no. 1 (March 1990): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415313.

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49

Oliver, Lisi, Jacek Fisiak, and Marcin Krygier. "Advances in English Historical Linguistics." Language 76, no. 3 (September 2000): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417188.

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50

Joseph, Brian D., and Terry Crowley. "An Introduction to Historical Linguistics." Language 66, no. 3 (September 1990): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414641.

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