Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Historical linguistics'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Historical linguistics.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Historical linguistics.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Felício, Carla Patrícia [UNESP]. "A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86569.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2008-08-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:07:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
felicio_cp_me_sjrp.pdf: 1650362 bytes, checksum: 586c6cd19a45ef5c84ad2dbf2f73e9a3 (MD5)A Gramaticalização (GR) é um processo histórico e unidirecional de mudança lingüística, em que itens com conteúdo lexical ou menos gramatical passam ao longo do tempo a se comportar como itens gramaticais, tendo seu significado abstratizado e fortalecido quanto à expressividade do falante. Mecanismos cognitivos, como a metáfora e a metonímia, atuam nesse processo de mudança, visto que por esses mecanismos há abstratização do significado e recategorização sintática induzida pelo contexto lingüístico. Além disso, de acordo com Traugott (1999), há dois mecanismos envolvidos na mudança semântica que acompanha a GR, a subjetivização e intersubjetivização. Por esses dois mecanismos, significados se tornam mais centrados na crença/atitude do falante em relação ao ouvinte. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho, baseado em dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do português, tem como principal objetivo investigar o processo de mudança responsável pelas alterações sintáticas e semânticas (pragmatização de significado) da conjunção concessiva embora, partícula que teve sua origem na locução adverbial temporal em boa hora, utilizada para desejar bom augúrio, no século XV. Por essa investigação, foi possível reconstruir os usos diacrônicos de embora ao longo da história do português, apreender o(s) contexto(s) que foi(ram) responsável(is) pelas mudanças sofridas pelo item e encontrar razões históricas para o uso na sincronia atual. Além do mais, foram checadas algumas hipóteses no que diz respeito à unidirecionalidade e às fontes para o surgimento de concessivas. Para alcançar esse objetivo maior, o trabalho também examinou os diferentes usos sincrônicos de embora no português, falado e escrito, com a finalidade de encontrar pistas do funcionamento atual que auxiliem na descrição histórica.
Grammaticalization (GR) is a unidirectional historical process of changes in linguistics in which items with lexical or less grammatical content start acting as grammatical items throughout time, abstractizing and strengthening its meaning as for the speaker’s expressiveness. Cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy act in this process of change, whereas they cause meaning abstractization and syntactic recategorization induced by the linguistic context. Besides, according to Traugott (1999), there are two mechanisms involved in the semantic change that keeps up with the GR which are subjectivization and intersubjectivization. Meanings become more focused on the speaker’s belief/attitude in relation to the listener through both mechanisms. Considering this vision and based on synchronic and diachronic data from Portuguese, the present work aims at researching the process of change responsible for syntactic and semantic alterations (pragmatizing meaning) of the concessive conjunction embora, which is a particle originated from the adverbial clause of time em boa hora, used to wish good luck in the XV Century. By means of this research it was possible to reconstruct diachronic usages of embora throughout Portuguese history, to learn about the context(s) that was(were) responsible for changes suffered by the item, and to find historical explanations for the usage in the current synchrony. Beyond that, some hypothesis related to unidirectionality and the origins of concessive conjunctions were also checked. In order to reach this aim, the present work also verified the different synchronic usages of embora in spoken and written Portuguese to find tips about the current behavior that can help in historical description.
2
Felício, Carla Patrícia. "A gramaticalização da conjunção concessiva embora /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86569.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sanderléia Roberta Longhin-ThomaziBanca: Maria Célia Lima-Hernades
Banca: Sebastião Carlos Gonçalves
Resumo: A Gramaticalização (GR) é um processo histórico e unidirecional de mudança lingüística, em que itens com conteúdo lexical ou menos gramatical passam ao longo do tempo a se comportar como itens gramaticais, tendo seu significado abstratizado e fortalecido quanto à expressividade do falante. Mecanismos cognitivos, como a metáfora e a metonímia, atuam nesse processo de mudança, visto que por esses mecanismos há abstratização do significado e recategorização sintática induzida pelo contexto lingüístico. Além disso, de acordo com Traugott (1999), há dois mecanismos envolvidos na mudança semântica que acompanha a GR, a subjetivização e intersubjetivização. Por esses dois mecanismos, significados se tornam mais centrados na crença/atitude do falante em relação ao ouvinte. Sob essa ótica, este trabalho, baseado em dados sincrônicos e diacrônicos do português, tem como principal objetivo investigar o processo de mudança responsável pelas alterações sintáticas e semânticas (pragmatização de significado) da conjunção concessiva embora, partícula que teve sua origem na locução adverbial temporal em boa hora, utilizada para desejar bom augúrio, no século XV. Por essa investigação, foi possível reconstruir os usos diacrônicos de embora ao longo da história do português, apreender o(s) contexto(s) que foi(ram) responsável(is) pelas mudanças sofridas pelo item e encontrar razões históricas para o uso na sincronia atual. Além do mais, foram checadas algumas hipóteses no que diz respeito à unidirecionalidade e às fontes para o surgimento de concessivas. Para alcançar esse objetivo maior, o trabalho também examinou os diferentes usos sincrônicos de embora no português, falado e escrito, com a finalidade de encontrar pistas do funcionamento atual que auxiliem na descrição histórica.
Abstract: Grammaticalization (GR) is a unidirectional historical process of changes in linguistics in which items with lexical or less grammatical content start acting as grammatical items throughout time, abstractizing and strengthening its meaning as for the speaker's expressiveness. Cognitive mechanisms such as metaphor and metonymy act in this process of change, whereas they cause meaning abstractization and syntactic recategorization induced by the linguistic context. Besides, according to Traugott (1999), there are two mechanisms involved in the semantic change that keeps up with the GR which are subjectivization and intersubjectivization. Meanings become more focused on the speaker's belief/attitude in relation to the listener through both mechanisms. Considering this vision and based on synchronic and diachronic data from Portuguese, the present work aims at researching the process of change responsible for syntactic and semantic alterations (pragmatizing meaning) of the concessive conjunction embora, which is a particle originated from the adverbial clause of time em boa hora, used to wish good luck in the XV Century. By means of this research it was possible to reconstruct diachronic usages of embora throughout Portuguese history, to learn about the context(s) that was(were) responsible for changes suffered by the item, and to find historical explanations for the usage in the current synchrony. Beyond that, some hypothesis related to unidirectionality and the origins of concessive conjunctions were also checked. In order to reach this aim, the present work also verified the different synchronic usages of embora in spoken and written Portuguese to find tips about the current behavior that can help in historical description.
Mestre
3
O'Connell, Giuliana Cattelan. "Italy's historical linguistic minorities /." Abstract Full Text (HTML) Full Text (PDF), 2008. http://eprints.ccsu.edu/archive/00000549/02/1993FT.htm.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.) -- Central Connecticut State University, 2008.Thesis advisor: Carmela Pesca. "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Modern Languages." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-144). Also available via the World Wide Web.
4
Wahle, Johannes [Verfasser]. "Algorithmic advancements in Computational Historical Linguistics / Johannes Wahle." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241537038/34.
Full text
5
Phua, Chiew Pheng. "Dating the chapters in Guanzi : evidence from historical linguistics perspective /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?HUMA%202002%20PHUA.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-235). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
6
Suphi, Menekșe Sezin. "Non-linear analyses in English historical phonology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18646.
Full text
7
Fallon, Paul Ryan. "Synchronic variation and historical change in language." Thesis, Bangor University, 1992. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/synchronic-variation-and-historical-change-in-language(003fb6ff-0d9b-45c6-9258-08b0c6ec5b0b).html.
Full textAbstract:
Variation In the sequence /Cju/ (as In nubile, issue) Is manifested In the phonemic variants, gilded [Cj], ungLided ECI, coalesced ENJ)1. Of the 17 possible C, variation mainly occurs In the set of E+cor]E+antl consonants. The origins of the sequence are traced to OE and Angto French sources. The former created /Cju/,, the tatter began the modification to variants. The primary Linguistic causes of change were stress In borrowed suffixes shifting to native patterns, leading to some categorical variants with ECI In /t ds z/; and phonotactic constraints on word Initial clusters In /r I/ producing ungLLded ECL Lexical diffusion proceeds within the preceding consonant by subenvironments, defined by word Initial position or by suffix, rather than by frequency. Empirical, testing of Linguistic constraints on the distribution and selection of variants, took place In 2 boys schools In Liverpool, with 77 subjects aged 12-13 and 17-18 years. Elicitation was by reading passage and word list (k = 65). Dialects from the urban baslLect Scouse (used Largely In the city centre school), to adopted RP (found In the suburban school) were examined. Results confirmed the variability among coronat consonants but with categorical subenvIronments, mainly In the coatescents /t ds z/. In British English while the continuants /s z/ access aLL variants, stops are restricted to +gLide and C. The complex patterning of variants for /s z/ was resolved. After /1/, Loss was pervasive Lexically and socially. The presence of palatalized variants In 1h n I/ was noted. Glide loss was recorded In the basliect after word initial /n/. Minor areas of loss occurred in some non coronal, consonants, when /u/ reduced to shwa. Generally there was little Idiolectal variation In spread of variants, Of the synchronic Linguistic explanatory variables, (including syllabification and word position), stress was the most useful, sometimes working with the others. For the coalescents, i-stress] operates In conjunction with stress In contiguous syllables.
8
Hammer, Sjobor Athon. "Face, Space, And Anxiety: An Ethnographic Study of the Kansas Historical Society's Social Media Usage." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1428009790.
Full text
9
Silva-Surer, Tatiana Mazza da. "Gramaticalização de juntivos adversativos na história do português /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86584.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sebastião Carlos Leite GonçalvesBanca: Mariangêla Rios de Oliveira
Banca: Gisele Cássia de Sousa
Resumo: O objetivo geral desse trabalho é investigar a mudança sintático-semântico-pragmática dos juntivos porém, contudo, todavia, entretanto e no entanto, conjuntamente, sob a perspectiva da gramaticalização, a fim de buscar a comprovação da hipótese de uma trajetória do tipo advérbio > conjunção, por meio de análises contextuais que expliquem o surgimento do uso conjuncional adversativo na história do português. Adotamos, nesse trabalho, a concepção mais clássica de gramaticalização, a qual, segundo Hopper e Traugott (2003), prevê que itens lexicais podem, em determinados contextos, passar a assumir funções gramaticais ou, se já gramaticalizados, continuar a desenvolver novas funções gramaticais. Esse processo envolve pragmatização crescente de significados (mudança semântica) e recategorização do item (mudança sintática). A investigação das mudanças pelas quais passaram os itens por nós analisados baseia-se em um corpus composto de textos históricos e textos do português contemporâneo, compreendendo os períodos arcaico (século XIII a XV), moderno (XVI e XVII) e contemporâneo (XVIII a XXI). Considerando fatores de ordem semântica, sintática e pragmática na recomposição da trajetória de gramaticalização de cada um dos itens, podemos atestar que seus funcionamentos adversativo e conjuncional emergiram em diferentes momentos da história do português, fato que, no português contemporâneo, os colocam em diferentes pontos em uma escala de gramaticalização, a saber: porém > todavia, contudo > entretanto > no entanto
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic change of the juntives porém, contudo, todavia, entretanto and no entanto under the perspective of grammaticalization in order to search for the evidence of the hypothesis of a trajectory of the kind adverb > conjunction through contextual analysis which can explain the origin of the adversative use as a conjunction in the history of Portuguese. We adopted, in this paper, the most classical concept of grammaticalization, which, according to Hopper and Traugott (2003), foresees that lexical items can, in some contexts, assume grammatical functions or continue to develop new ones. This process involves growing pragmatization of meanings (semantic change) and recategorization of the item (syntactic change). The investigation of the juntives changes analyzed in this paper is based on a corpus composed of historical texts and texts of contemporary Portuguese, which comprehends the archaic (century XIII to XV), modern (XVI and XVII) and contemporary (XVIII to XXI) periods. Considering the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic factors in the reconstruction of the trajectory of grammaticalization of each one of the juntives, we can attest that the adversative and conjunctional functioning emerged in different moments in the history of Portuguese, a fact that, in contemporary Portuguese, put them in different points on the grammaticalization scale, which is: porém > todavia, contudo > entretanto > no entanto
Mestre
10
Silva, Tatiana Mazza da [UNESP]. "Gramaticalização de juntivos adversativos na história do português." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86584.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2010-05-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
silva_tm_me_sjrp.pdf: 614455 bytes, checksum: f87af5bb9f5125cb6a22b375b2431c58 (MD5)O objetivo geral desse trabalho é investigar a mudança sintático-semântico-pragmática dos juntivos porém, contudo, todavia, entretanto e no entanto, conjuntamente, sob a perspectiva da gramaticalização, a fim de buscar a comprovação da hipótese de uma trajetória do tipo advérbio > conjunção, por meio de análises contextuais que expliquem o surgimento do uso conjuncional adversativo na história do português. Adotamos, nesse trabalho, a concepção mais clássica de gramaticalização, a qual, segundo Hopper e Traugott (2003), prevê que itens lexicais podem, em determinados contextos, passar a assumir funções gramaticais ou, se já gramaticalizados, continuar a desenvolver novas funções gramaticais. Esse processo envolve pragmatização crescente de significados (mudança semântica) e recategorização do item (mudança sintática). A investigação das mudanças pelas quais passaram os itens por nós analisados baseia-se em um corpus composto de textos históricos e textos do português contemporâneo, compreendendo os períodos arcaico (século XIII a XV), moderno (XVI e XVII) e contemporâneo (XVIII a XXI). Considerando fatores de ordem semântica, sintática e pragmática na recomposição da trajetória de gramaticalização de cada um dos itens, podemos atestar que seus funcionamentos adversativo e conjuncional emergiram em diferentes momentos da história do português, fato que, no português contemporâneo, os colocam em diferentes pontos em uma escala de gramaticalização, a saber: porém > todavia, contudo > entretanto > no entanto
The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic change of the juntives porém, contudo, todavia, entretanto and no entanto under the perspective of grammaticalization in order to search for the evidence of the hypothesis of a trajectory of the kind adverb > conjunction through contextual analysis which can explain the origin of the adversative use as a conjunction in the history of Portuguese. We adopted, in this paper, the most classical concept of grammaticalization, which, according to Hopper and Traugott (2003), foresees that lexical items can, in some contexts, assume grammatical functions or continue to develop new ones. This process involves growing pragmatization of meanings (semantic change) and recategorization of the item (syntactic change). The investigation of the juntives changes analyzed in this paper is based on a corpus composed of historical texts and texts of contemporary Portuguese, which comprehends the archaic (century XIII to XV), modern (XVI and XVII) and contemporary (XVIII to XXI) periods. Considering the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic factors in the reconstruction of the trajectory of grammaticalization of each one of the juntives, we can attest that the adversative and conjunctional functioning emerged in different moments in the history of Portuguese, a fact that, in contemporary Portuguese, put them in different points on the grammaticalization scale, which is: porém > todavia, contudo > entretanto > no entanto
11
Lu, Jung-yao, and Jung-yao Lu. "An Investigation of Various Linguistic Changes in Chinese and Naxi." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12524.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation investigates the diachronic development of Chinese and Naxi, focusing particularly upon six linguistic puzzles that are likely to be associated with the various linguistic changes in most areas of the grammar, including sound/phonological changes, semantic/meaning changes, syntactic/sentence-structure changes, and contact-induced changes.
This dissertation's primarily purpose is to provide new perspectives in order to solve these puzzles on the basis of typological and diachronic evidence. The dissertation will analyze cross-linguistic data from Chinese and Tibeto-Burman languages in order to reconstruct various diachronic developments in Chinese and Naxi. The main body of the dissertation from Chapter II to Chapter V will examine the six linguistic puzzles successively, as follows: (1) tonal splits in proto-checked syllables and subgrouping of Loloish, (2) semantic development of RETURN in Chinese, (3) semantic development of TAKE in Chinese, (4) development of agentive passive markers in Mandarin, (5) definiteness and nominalization, relativization, and genitivization in Chinese, and (6) development of nominalization, relativization, and genitivization in Naxi.
My approach is a rather elaborate attempt to pursue a new framework for comparative reconstruction of historical linguistics. In my study, comparative analysis of historical linguistics focuses on reconstructing ancient patterns based on diachronic records and/or typological data from several languages or dialects in a language group. The ultimate aim of the comparative reconstruction is to demonstrate the historical process of language change. A historical linguist, like a competent detective, must possess acute vision and strong reasoning skills to be able to reconstruct the whole story of language change, and admissible evidence is of upmost importance. In order to discover the solution to the aforementioned linguistic puzzles, the linguist must rely on three key types of clues: typological evidence, historical evidence, and linguistic theories.
The basic assumption behind the comparative reconstruction is that the diverse synchronic, linguistic patterns in the same language group were diachronically derived from an identical origin. The common origin of these linguistic differences could be a sound, a meaning, a function word, a syntactic structure, etc., depending on the linguistic field in question. Between the origin and synchronic diversity is a series of diachronic processes. Therefore, the framework of the comparative reconstruction should consist of at least three basic elements: (1) synchronic diversity in a language group, (2) the original pattern or form of diversity, and (3) diachronic processes from the origin to the diversity.
12
List, Johann-Mattis [Verfasser]. "Sequence Comparison in Historical Linguistics / Johann-Mattis List ; DFG-Sonderforschungsbereich 991." Düsseldorf : düsseldorf university press GmbH, 2014. http://dup.oa.hhu.de/244/.
Full text
13
Jurish, Bryan. "Finite-state canonicalization techniques for historical German." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2011. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2012/5578/.
Full textAbstract:
This work addresses issues in the automatic preprocessing of historical German input text for use by conventional natural language processing techniques. Conventional techniques cannot adequately account for historical input text due to conventional tools' reliance on a fixed application-specific lexicon keyed by contemporary orthographic surface form on the one hand, and the lack of consistent orthographic conventions in historical input text on the other. Historical spelling variation is treated here as an error-correction problem or "canonicalization" task: an attempt to automatically assign each (historical) input word a unique extant canonical cognate, thus allowing direct application-specific processing (tagging, parsing, etc.) of the returned canonical forms without need for any additional application-specific modifications. In the course of the work, various methods for automatic canonicalization are investigated and empirically evaluated, including conflation by phonetic identity, conflation by lemma instantiation heuristics, canonicalization by weighted finite-state rewrite cascade, and token-wise disambiguation by a dynamic Hidden Markov Model.Diese Arbeit behandelt Themen der automatischen Vorverarbeitung historischen deutschen Textes für die Weiterverarbeitung durch konventionelle computerlinguistische Techniken. Konventionelle Techniken können historischen Text wegen des hohen Grads an graphematischer Variation in solchem Text ohne eine solche Vorverarbeitung nicht zufriedenstellend behandeln. Variation in der historischen Rechtschreibung wird hier als Fehlerkorrekturproblem oder "Kanonikalisierungsaufgabe" behandelt: ein Versuch, jedem (historischen) Eingabewort eine eindeutige extante Äquivalente zuzuordnen; so können konventionelle Techniken ohne weitere Modifikation direkt auf den gelieferten kanonischen Formen arbeiten. Verschiedene Methoden zur automatischen Kanonikalisierung werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht, unter anderem Konflation durch phonetische Identität, Konflation durch Lemma-Instanziierungsheuristiken, Kanonikalisierung durch eine Kaskade gewichteter endlicher Transduktoren, und Disambiguiierung von Konflationskandidaten durch ein dynamisches Hidden Markov Modell.
14
Hughes, Adam Lefever. "Assai| Historical Contexts of a Contested Musical Term." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264065.
Full textAbstract:
This study seeks to establish the feasibility of assai as a moderating term in more cases than is typically assumed. Since evidence of concurrent competing definitions for the term assai exists from the mid- to late-18th century, understanding and putting into practice a composer’s indications according to his own understanding of the term becomes murky where the word assai is concerned during and beyond the time when the two definitions exist concurrently. Through investigation of musical scores, examining such features as ornamentation, the relative brilliance of the work, tonality, meter, and structure, the characteristics of a piece of music that are crucial to navigating the multivalent qualities of the word assai are identified and tested against the actual musical content of examples from works of J. S. Bach, Domenico Scarlatti, W. F. Bach, J. C. F. Bach, Johann Friedrich Agricola, C. P. E. Bach, W. A. Mozart, F. J. Haydn, Ludwig van Beethoven, Frédéric Chopin, and Franz Liszt.
15
Peña, Jaime. "A historical reconstruction of the Peba-Yaguan linguistic family /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10023.
Full text
16
Baker, Tami Lynn. "Historical linguistic analysis of traditional English Christmas carols." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0325101-141215/unrestricted/BakerT0416.pdf.
Full text
17
Seybold, Brett Arthur. "Semantic change from pre-resurrection to post-resurrection contexts." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
Full text
18
Bu, Tianrang. ""Regularities" and "irregularities" in Chinese historical phonology." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1525534507019502.
Full text
19
Gess, Randall Scott. "Optimality theory in the historical phonology of French /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8377.
Full text
20
Roberts, Philip J. "Towards a computer model of the historical phonology and morphology of Latin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d3ef315c-3d5c-486b-8fbe-0fa6fdbb8219.
Full textAbstract:
Research projects in Optimality Theory tend to take a synchronic view of a particular generalisation, and set their standards for rigour in typological terms (see for example Suzuki 1998 on dissimilation, Crosswhite 2001 on vowel reduction). The goal of this thesis is to use Stratal OT to take a diachronic view of multiple generalisations within the morpho-phonology of one language, namely Latin, with the principal empirical aim of producing an analysis that is demonstrably true to all the attested facts of the generalisations in question. To that end, I have written PyOT, a computer program implementing the OT calculus and a theory of phonological representations, which I use in this work to model the histories of Lachmann’s Law, rhotacism and the phonologically conditioned allomorphy of the -alis/aris- suffix as active generalisations within the phonological component of the grammar. Appendix A gives the results of the computer model applied to a dataset consisting of 185 attested Latin forms, which suffice to illustrate the exact conditions of the generalisations in question. I show that producing a complete analysis of the three generalisations I have chosen to model entails analysis of other generalisations that interact with them, including the treatment of the Indo-European voiced aspirates in Latin (which interacts with rhotacism), and reduplication in forming perfect stems (which interacts with Lachmann’s Law). Constraint rankings sufficient to model these interactions, and consistent with the general conditions of the interacting generalisations have been included in the model. The intention is for this work to illustrate both the utility of formal phonological theory in advancing hypotheses within historical-comparative linguistics, and the potential of PyOT as a tool for producing Optimality-Theoretic models of (eventually) a language’s entire phonology.
21
Reindl, Donald F. "The effects of historical German-Slovene language contact on the Slovene language." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3162281.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Slavic Languages and Literatures, 2005.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 11, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-01, Section: A, page: 0165. Chair: Ronald Feldstein.
22
Satz, Debra M. "Freedom rising : a reconstruction of historical materialism by Debra M. Satz." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14949.
Full text
23
Lakey, Holly. "The Grammar of Fear: Morphosyntactic Metaphor in Fear Constructions." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20415.
Full textAbstract:
This analysis explores the reflection of semantic features of emotion verbs that are metaphorized on the morphosyntactic level in constructions that express these emotions. This dissertation shows how the avoidance or distancing response to fear is mirrored in the morphosyntax of fear constructions (FCs) in certain Indo-European languages through the use of non-canonical grammatical markers. This analysis looks at both simple FCs consisting of a single clause and complex FCs, which feature a subordinate clause that acts as a complement to the fear verb in the main clause.
In simple FCs in some highly-inflected Indo-European languages, the complement of the fear verb (which represents the fear source) is case-marked not accusative but genitive (Baltic and Slavic languages, Sanskrit, Anglo-Saxon) or ablative (Armenian, Sanskrit, Old Persian). These two directional case inflections are generally used to represent the notion of movement away from. In simple FCs in these languages, the movement away is the subject/Experiencer’s recoiling or desire to distance him-/herself from the fear Source. In this way the grammar of simple FCs of these languages mirrors, or metaphorizes, the reflexive avoidance behavior of the fear response.
In the subordinate clause of complex FCs in certain Indo-European languages (such as Ancient Greek, Latin, Old English, Baltic and Slavic languages, French, and Catalan), irrealis mood marking on the verb together with a negative particle that does not affect syntactic negation of the verb syntactically mark the potentiality of the feared event or state represented by the subordinate clause (which has not yet occurred and may not occur) and its undesirability for the subject/Experiencer of the fear verb in the main clause. In this way the negative particle + irrealis mood fear clause metaphorizes on the morphosyntactic level the primary semantic features of the emotion of fear: anticipation of a potential undesired event that the Experiencer seeks to negate. The analysis of complex FCs is followed by a case study proposing the evolution of these constructions in Latin from negative purpose clauses.
This dissertation includes previously published material.
24
Struve, Timothy James. "Readdressing the Quechua-Aru Contact Proposal: Historical and Lexical Perspectives." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1399026678.
Full text
25
Alexander, David B. "The Spanish postnominal demonstrative in synchrony and diachrony." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189813638.
Full text
26
Klein-Arendt, Reinhard. "The iron crafts of the Swahili from the perspective of historical semantics." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-91796.
Full textAbstract:
To this day research in pre-colonial Swahili history has only taken casual notice of the role of Swahili crafts. This applies in particular to blacksmithing and iron smelting. Probably iron smelting were among the
driving factors of cultural contact and of the development of economical structures on the Swahili Coast. Kusimba postulates that metallurgy played an important role for cultural change within Swahili polities. Foreign trade in iron products to other parts of the Indian Ocean fostered local exchange systems that linked the East African settlements on the Coast to each other and the interior (1996:387). In this article the potential of linguistic research on iron crafts for Swahili historiography will be demonstrated, though it has to be emphasised that linguistic evidence is as of yet too scarce to allow more than preliminary results. Two steps are deemed necessary to achieve this aim. In a first step the scientific contributions by historical linguistics, history, and archaeology in regard to Swahili iron working will be reviewed. In a second step it will be demonstrated that historical semantics, together with language geography can make a significant contribution to this discussion. More than anything else, it is the semantic aspect of language that is capable of revealing pre-colonial cultural change in Africa. With comparative phonological and morphological methods historical genetic relationships within a given language family can be discovered.
27
Rees, Daniel A. "Towards Proto-Persian an Optimality Theoretic historical reconstruction /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (ProQuest) Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2008. http://worldcat.org/oclc/436441601/viewonline.
Full text
28
Leung, Wai-mun. "On the synchrony and diachrony of sentence-final particles : the case of wo in Cantonese." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3622358X.
Full text
29
Adelaar, Willem. "Historical Trajectory of the Quechuan Linguistic Family and its Relations to the Aimaran Linguistic Family." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/113387.
Full textAbstract:
This article seeks to present the principal stages of the prehistory and history of the Quechuan language family in its interaction with the Aimaran family. It reconstructs a plausible scenario for a unique, intensive process of linguistic convergence that underlies the protolanguages of both families. From there on, it traces the principal developments that characterize the history of the Quechuan linguistic family, such as the initial split in two main branches, Quechua I and Quechua II (following Torero 1964), as well as further divisions that subsequently affected the Quechua II branch (Cajamarca, Laraos and Lincha Quechua, Quechua IIB and IIC). It is argued that the state of Huari (AD 500-900) may have acted as a driving force (cf. Beresford-Jones and Heggarty 2011) for the initial diffusion of Quechua II and, later on, for the expansion of southern Aimara and Quechua IIC into the Andes of southern Perú.Este trabajo pretende presentar las principales etapas de la prehistoria e historia de la familia lingüística quechua en su interacción con la familia aimara. Se reconstruye el escenario más plausible de un proceso intensivo y excepcional de convergencia lingüística subyacente a las protolenguas de ambas familias. Desde allí, se trazan los desarrollos más marcados ocurridos en la historia de la familia lingüística quechua, tales como su bifurcación inicial en dos ramas dialectales, quechua I y II (según Torero 1964), así como las particiones posteriores del quechua II (quechua de Cajamarca, Laraos y Lincha Quechua, quechua IIB y IIC). Se defiende la hipótesis de que el Estado huari (500-900 d.n.e.) operó como fuerza motriz (cf. Beresford-Jones y Heggarty 2011) para la difusión inicial del quechua II y, posteriormente, para la expansión del aimara sureño y del quechua IIC en los Andes meridionales del Perú.
30
Fagborun, Joel Gbenga. "The analysis of linguistic innovation : historical and grammatical perspectives on English loan-translations and the Yoruba Koine." Thesis, University of York, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292520.
Full text
31
Hope, J. R. "Socio-historical linguistic evidence for the authorship of renaissance plays : test cases in the Shakespeare, Fletcher, and Massinger canons." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276191.
Full text
32
Bergman, Nicklas. "Unsupervised Normalisation of Historical Spelling : A Multilingual Evaluation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-362869.
Full textAbstract:
Historical texts are an important resource for researchers in the humanities. However, standard NLP tools typically perform poorly on them, mainly due to the spelling variations present in such texts. One possible solution is to normalise the spelling variations to equivalent contemporary word forms before using standard tools. Weighted edit distance has previously been used for such normalisation, improving over the results of algorithms based on standard edit distance. Aligned training data is needed to extract weights, but there is a lack of such data. An unsupervised method for extracting edit distance weights is therefore desirable. This thesis presents a multilingual evaluation of an unsupervised method for extracting edit distance weights for normalisation of historical spelling variations. The model is evaluated for English, German, Hungarian, Icelandic and Swedish. The results are mixed and show a high variance depending on the different data sets. The method generally performs better than normalisation basedon standard edit distance but as expected does not quite reach up to the results of a model trained on aligned data. The results show an increase in normalisation accuracy compared to standard edit distance normalisation for all languages except German, which shows a slightly reduced accuracy, and Swedish, which shows similar results to the standard edit distance normalisation.
33
Lindström, Therese. "The history of the concept of grammaticalisation." Doctoral thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55932.
Full textAbstract:
The present thesis discusses the history and meaning of the term and concept called grammaticalisation. Linguists usually ascribe the coinage of the term grammaticalisation to Antoine Meillet (1866-1936), who allegedly played a vital role in the history of grammaticalisation. It is also widely acknowledged that grammaticalisation was in some way 'revived' during the 1970s, and that Talmy Givón had an important role in this, as demonstrated by the popularity of the saying 'Today’s morphology is yesterday’s syntax' (taken from one of his articles). I show that Meillet wrote little about grammaticalisation and that he hardly ever used this word, and possibly did not mean for it to be viewed as a term / label. Moreover, the paper in question (Meillet, 1912) is basically a general introduction to a concept which he sees as a continuation of a notion with a long history. In addition, I prove that there are no clear links between Meillet and Givón’s work in the early 1970s. Despite the general acceptance that Meillet coined grammaticalisation, my thesis proves that it could have been coined more than once, and that it does not always mean the same thing to all users. I show that sometimes the term is accompanied by examples which others have used to illustrate lexicalisation, a term which some employ for a process that is seen as the opposite of grammaticalisation. I therefore advocate careful use of our definitions of terminology and concepts, and insist that we should define our notions, instead of letting examples do the work of illustration and definition. Finally, I question whether it is true that grammaticalisation is unidirectional. I research the history of the view that grammaticalisation is a unidirectional process. Grammatical relations can be expressed by different means – e.g. word order, content words becoming grammatical markers, or parts of words being given a function. I believe all these should be compared, in order to improve our knowledge of how languages change and why. I claim that they all represent sub-processes of a superordinate category which I have labelled supergrammaticalisation.
34
Spaargaren, Magdalena Jeannette. "Change in obstruent laryngeal specifications in English : historical and theoretical phonology." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4079.
Full textAbstract:
Two traditions have arisen from an ongoing debate concerning cross-linguistic laryngeal representations in series of obstruents. The first, ‘traditional’ approach assumes universally identical laryngeal representations: /p, t, k/ are unspecified and /b, d, g/ carry |voice|. The second, Laryngeal Realism (LR), assumes underlyingly different representations between languages: ‘aspiration languages’ have unspecified /b, d, g/, and /p, t, k/ specified for |spread|. ‘Voice languages’ have unspecified /p, t, k/, and /b, d, g/ specified for |voice|. In this thesis, I use historical data in order to determine which of these two traditions is correct. Chapter 1 introduces the thesis subject and places it in the broader context of representational models of theoretical phonology and general historical linguistics. In chapter 2, I discuss the discrepancy between traditional laryngeal features and their cross-linguistic implementation, the basis of the debate outlined above. The two traditions are then discussed in detail. It is shown that evidence for LR is drawn from surface facts in aspiration- and voice languages such as respective presence or absence of aspiration of /p, t, k/, respective absence or presence of voicing in /b, d, g/ and asymmetry in assimilation processes in favour of one of the features. Present-Day English (PDE) is best described in LR when these criteria are taken into account, e.g., [ph]in, [b 0]in, and invariable assimilation to ‘voicelessness’, e.g., cats /t+z/→[ts], sacked /k+d/→[kt]. In the following chapters, I present data from historical laryngeal modifications in English which have never been considered together in this respect before. In Chapter 3, I present new evidence that the laryngeal situation just described for Present-Day English dates back to the very beginning of its recorded history. This is shown in the fact that all laryngeal assimilation throughout the history of English is exclusively assimilation to ‘voicelessness’ or |spread| - as in pre-Old English [pd] > [pt] cepte ‘kept’, [td] > [tt] mette ‘met’, [kd] > [kt] iecte ‘increased’, [fd] > [ft] pyfte ‘puffed’, [sd] > [st] cyste ‘kissed’. LR can easily capture this asymmetry because |spread| is the only active member in the laryngeal opposition. |voice| is unspecified in English and can therefore never partake in phonological processes. Chapters 4, 5 and 6 deal with historical English data traditionally interpreted as ‘voicings’, i.e. addition of |voice|, and ‘devoicings’, i.e. loss of |voice|. Therefore, these data are potentially problematic for LR in that, according to this framework, |voice| is not specified in English. However, I show that LR can unproblematically deal with these phenomena as laryngeal lenition, removal of |spread|, and fortition, addition of |spread|. In fact, some of the lenition processes provide extra back up for LR. Processes in word-initial position, e.g., dialectal [v]ather, and final position, e.g., i[z], knowle[d3], are highly marked when viewed as ‘voicings’. However, when viewed as simple lenitions, as in LR, they are natural processes, which are predicted to be found in languages. Therefore, I show in this thesis that all available data from English historical laryngeal modification support LR, and that LR in its turn sheds an interesting new light on the data. It is superior to traditional accounts in that it can account for otherwise puzzling phenomena such as asymmetric assimilation and initial and final ‘voicings’.
35
Leung, Wai-mun, and 梁慧敏. "On the synchrony and diachrony of sentence-final particles: the caseof wo in Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3622358X.
Full text
36
Scrivner, Olga B. "A Probabilistic Approach in Historical Linguistics Word Order Change in Infinitival Clauses| from Latin to Old French." Thesis, Indiana University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3714098.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates word order change in infinitival clauses from Object-Verb (OV) to Verb-Object (VO) in the history of Latin and Old French. By applying a variationist approach, I examine a synchronic word order variation in each stage of language change, from which I infer the character, periodization and constraints of diachronic variation. I also show that in discourse-configurational languages, such as Latin and Early Old French, it is possible to identify pragmatically neutral contexts by using information structure annotation. I further argue that by mapping pragmatic categories into a syntactic structure, we can detect how word order change unfolds. For this investigation, the data are extracted from annotated corpora spanning several centuries of Latin and Old French and from additional resources created by using computational linguistic methods. The data are then further codified for various pragmatic, semantic, syntactic and sociolinguistic factors. This study also evaluates previous factors proposed to account for word order alternation and change. I show how information structure and syntactic constraints change over time and propose a method that allows researchers to differentiate a stable word order alternation from alternation indicating a change. Finally, I present a three-stage probabilistic model of word order change, which also conforms to traditional language change patterns.
37
Orbeidat, M. S. "Expressionalization in standard Arabic : A study in the light of historical development of Arabic grammar, rhetoric, jurisprudence and modern approaches." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234557.
Full text
38
Johansson, Kajsa. "Transcription of Historical Encrypted Manuscripts : Evaluation of an automatic interactive transcription tool." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-385254.
Full textAbstract:
Countless of historical sources are saved in national libraries and archives all over the world and contain important information about our history. Some of these sources are encrypted to prevent people from reading it. This thesis examines a semi-automated Interactive transcription Tool based on unsupervised learning without any labelled training data that has been developed for transcription of encrypted sources and compares it to manual transcription. The interactive transcription tool is based on handwritten text recognition techniques and the system identifies cluster of symbols based on similarity measures. The tool is evaluated on ciphers with number sequences that have previously been transcribed manually to compare how well the transcription tool performs. The weaknesses of the tool are described and suggestions on how the tool can be improved are proposed. Transcription based on HTR techniques and clustering shows promising results and the unsupervised method based on clustering should be further investigated on ciphers with various symbol sets.
39
Pettersson, Eva. "Spelling Normalisation and Linguistic Analysis of Historical Text for Information Extraction." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-269753.
Full textAbstract:
Historical text constitutes a rich source of information for historians and other researchers in humanities. Many texts are however not available in an electronic format, and even if they are, there is a lack of NLP tools designed to handle historical text. In my thesis, I aim to provide a generic workflow for automatic linguistic analysis and information extraction from historical text, with spelling normalisation as a core component in the pipeline. In the spelling normalisation step, the historical input text is automatically normalised to a more modern spelling, enabling the use of existing taggers and parsers trained on modern language data in the succeeding linguistic analysis step. In the final information extraction step, certain linguistic structures are identified based on the annotation labels given by the NLP tools, and ranked in accordance with the specific information need expressed by the user. An important consideration in my implementation is that the pipeline should be applicable to different languages, time periods, genres, and information needs by simply substituting the language resources used in each module. Furthermore, the reuse of existing NLP tools developed for the modern language is crucial, considering the lack of linguistically annotated historical data combined with the high variability in historical text, making it hard to train NLP tools specifically aimed at analysing historical text. In my evaluation, I show that spelling normalisation can be a very useful technique for easy access to historical information content, even in cases where there is little (or no) annotated historical training data available. For the specific information extraction task of automatically identifying verb phrases describing work in Early Modern Swedish text, 91 out of the 100 top-ranked instances are true positives in the best setting.
40
Slobodchikoff, Tatyana G. "The Slavic Dual: Morphosyntactic Feature Economy as a Factor in Language Change." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297021.
Full textAbstract:
Dual number marked on personal pronouns and verbal agreement suffixes disappeared in the majority of Slavic languages except for three - Slovenian, Upper Sorbian, and Lower Sorbian. Previous studies do not provide a principled account why (i) the monomorphemic dual was reanalyzed as bimorphemic in Slovenian, Upper, and Lower Sorbian, and why (ii) it was replaced by the plural in the majority of Slavic languages including Russian and Kashubian. In this dissertation, I investigate diachronic changes in the morphosyntactic category of the Slavic dual which occurred in the 11th-15th centuries. In this dissertation, I present new diachronic data obtained through digital corpora of Old Slavic manuscripts. Within the framework of Distributed Morphology, I propose a new principle of Morphosyntactic Feature Economy which explains these two different patterns of diachronic change in the Slavic dual pronouns and verbal agreement. I argue that the principle of Morphosyntactic Feature Economy is one of the factors which drives diachronic change in the category of number in Slavic languages. Morphosyntactic Feature Economy is a principle of efficient computation. It plays an essential role in restructuring of the morphosyntactic category of the Slavic dual. Morphosyntactic restructuring of the Slavic dual, triggered by its morphosyntactic and semantic markedness, results in a morphosyntactically 'simpler' category of number. As a consequence of the application of the principle of Morphosyntactic Feature Economy, the language learner acquires a featurally restructuctured category of number, which is simpler and more computationally efficient.
41
Hung, Yueh-Nu. "What is writing and what is Chinese writing: A historical, linguistic, and social literacies perspective." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280352.
Full textAbstract:
Many misconceptions and misunderstandings about what writing is pervade in the field of literacy research and practice, and often school children from almost every household bear the brunt of misguided literacy research and inappropriate literacy practice. This dissertation examined the nature of written language generally and the nature of Chinese writing specifically from historical, linguistic, and social literacies perspectives. The problems with the evolutionary concept of writing development are discussed in depth. Several possible explanations for this evolutionary account of writing are discussed, and these are followed by some alternative ways to understand the historical change of writing. The Chinese writing system is examined in detail in order to present a prime example of a non-alphabetic writing system that has been in use and serving its language users effectively for thousands of years. The unique strategies of character formation and word formation of Chinese writing make it possible to create new vocabulary without increasing the number of signs. The use of phonetic component in semantic-phonetic compound characters builds the connection between oral and written Chinese. Chinese writing is a modern logograph that works, and it is a proof that the alphabet is not necessarily the final stage towards which all written languages must proceed. The choice of a writing system has to be understood from the linguistic and socio-cultural background of the language community. Every written language is ambiguous as it is redundant, and every written language has both phonographic and logographic elements. There is no pure written language. Different writing systems represent different linguistic levels, but all written languages of different writing principles are semiotic system in which symbols are used to communicate meaning. A distinction between word or character recognition and reading whole real text is made, and it is argued that using the experimental results of the former to suggest the process and teaching of the latter which resembles the reading in real life is misleading and very inappropriate. When researchers focus on the word or character level of reading, there are more dissimilarities than similarities among different written languages. However, when the reading of whole text in real life situation is studied, the process of making sense of print is similar across all different writings. At the end of this study, research on Chinese word recognition and reading process is reviewed, and some suggestions for literacy practice are made.
42
Renfei, Han. "Using Attention-based Sequence-to-Sequence Neural Networks for Transcription of Historical Cipher Documents." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-420322.
Full textAbstract:
Encrypted historical manuscripts (also called ciphers), containing encoded information, provides a useful resource for giving new insight into our history. Transcribing these manuscripts from image format to computer readable format is a necessary step for decrypting them. In this thesis project, we explore automatic approaches of Hand Written Text Recognition (HTR) for cipher image transcription line by line.In this thesis project, We applied an attention-based Sequence-to-Sequence (Seq2Seq) model for the automatic transcription of ciphers with three different writing systems. We tested/developed algorithms for the recognition of cipher symbols, and their location. To evaluate our method on different levels, the model is trained and tested on ciphers with various symbol sets, from digits to graphical signs. To find out the useful approaches for improving the transcription performance, we conducted ablation study regarding attention mechanism and other deep learning tricks. The results show an accuracy lower than 50% and indicate a big room for improvements and plenty of future work.
43
Omar, Shalina. "Being Japanese in English: The Social and Functional Role of English Loanwords in Japanese." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/620.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates native speaker attitudes towards English loanwords in Japanese and the ways in which these loanwords are used. The imperialism and hegemony of English can often cause anger or worry for the preservation of the cultural identity of the borrowing language. However, the results from a 9-page sociolinguistic questionnaire suggest that English loanwords are overwhelmingly seen as useful and necessary and are generally associated with positive attitudes. Additionally, many native Japanese speakers feel that loanwords provide more options for expression, both functionally and as a possible pragmatic tool for performing Japaneseness. On the other hand, overuse of loanwords—especially less common ones—can also exemplify the power imbalance between Japanese and the powerful and hegemonic English. The study also revealed how powerful the Japanese linguistic systems are at assimilating English into the Japanese language. With established and institutionally supported phonological and orthographic conventions in place, foreign-derived vocabulary can easily become nativized, assimilated, and considered to be Japanese in the minds of speakers.
44
Doty, Christopher, and Christopher Doty. "A Reassessment of the Genetic Classification of Miluk Coos." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12404.
Full textAbstract:
This work presents the first in-depth analysis of Miluk Coos, a language previously spoken on the southern Oregon Coast. Miluk is normally classified as a member of the Oregon Coast Penutian group, a sub-branch of the Penutian phylum. However, Miluk demonstrates a number of affinities with the Salish language family. These similarities can be seen in a variety of domains. There are morphosyntactic features in Miluk which appear to resemble phenomena seen in Salishan languages. Additionally, some apparent cognates with Proto-Salish are discussed, including some which seem to exhibit regular correspondences.10000-01-01
45
Jarad, Najib Isma'il. "The origin and development of 'for'-infinitives." Thesis, Bangor University, 1997. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-origin-and-development-of-forinfinitives(677bb38a-4c89-46f8-920b-84c86f14095a).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is primarily concerned with the developments that have taken place in infinitival constructions in the late Old English, Middle English, and Modern English periods. It is an investigation into the status of Old English to-infinitive, the origin, nature, and distribution offor in Middle English (for)to-infinitival constructions, and the origin and reanalysis offor as a complementiser in the Modern English [for DP to VP] construction. In chapter one, we introduce some of the basic notions of the Minimalist Program outlined in Chornsky (1993,1995)). The airn of chapter two is to account for the structural status of to in the Old English toinfmitive. It is argued in this chapter that firstly (functional) C, Agr, and T are not eligible positions for to, and secondly that to occupies the lexical category P(reposition). The prepositional status of the Old English to-infinitive is supported by the fact that it occurs in coordination with ordinary PPs. Chapter three argues that the Old English to-infinitive should be treated as a single (morphological and) syntactic unit which cannot be broken up by intervening elements. We propose that to is generated with a D-feature and that the infinitival verb is a combination of two features: an Inf-feature and a D-feature. We argue that as long as V+W-to-D movement is attested, the syntactic unity cannot be broken up by elements like objects, adverbs, etc. Once the Old English case system disintegrated, the internal structure of the to-infinitive underwent a radical change such that the demise of -ne (which resulted from the weakening of to as a dative case-assigneri resulted in the demise of D, and this led to the disintegration of the syntactic unity of the to-infinitive, and the consequent appearance of for before to. In other words, when to ceased to be a preposition, for moved in and 'took over' (and perhaps became an infinitival marker as well, givingforto). In chapter four, we proceed to account for the structural status offor in Middle English to-infinitive. Three analyses that attempt to account for the status of for are examined and rebutted in favour of our analysis of for as part of the infinitival morphology. Chapter five provides morphological and syntactic evidence in favour of analysingfor and to as a compound infinitival marker. It is argued that the position of the compound infinitival marker (for)to is T(ense). This analysis correctly predicts (for)to to be present in raising and control infinitives. A number of factors which show that (for)to occupies T will be noted and discussed. The purpose of chapter six is to provide evidence for the correlation between verb movement and object shift in Middle English (for)to-infinitives. It will be argued that the infinitival verb moves overtly from VP to Inf, the functional head which hosts the infinitival feature. Some empirical evidence relating to conjoined structures and VPadverbs is discussed. The attestation of V-to-Inf movement in Middle English (for)toinfinitives is strongly supported by the presence of object shift. Our conclusion is that the non-attestation of object shift in Modern English to-infinitives can be attributed to the absence of overt V-to-Inf movement. Having established the morphological and syntactic status of the infinitival marker (forfto (chapter five) and the infinitival verb (chapter six), we proceed to investigate the origin offor in the Modem English [for DP to VPJ construction. On the basis of morphological and structural evidence, we propose that the [for DP to VP] construction is the outcome of two diachronic reanalyses (DRs), which took place at two different stages in the history of English. The first DR, which took place in the 12th century, was triggered by the loss of dative case which paved the way for the introduction of prepositions like for to realise the benefactive function. In Old English the benefactive function was typically associated with morphological dative case. Once dative case had been lost, the beriefactive. function had to be realised by prepositions likefor. Throughout the Middle English periodfor was a case-realiser and not a lexical preposition. Its main function was to realise an inherent case feature which belonged to the matrix lexical head. The second DR, which occurred in the 16th century, was triggered by the fact that the string [for DP to VP] had become structurally ambiguous for acquirers, allowing an interpretation where [for DPI is part of the matrix predicate, or alternatively an interpretation where [for DPI is the subject of the infinitival clause. In the latter interpretation for's function is to realise a Case which does not belong to any lexical head. It realises the Case property of the C-position. It will be argued that the prepositionfor was reanalysed as a complementiser as a result of the loss of infinitival clauses as complements of prepositions, and the consequent development of the C-position as a potential accusative Case licenser. The change can be regarded as a change in the status offor from a lexical case-realiser to a functional Case-realiser.
46
Carneiro, Zenaide de Oliveira Novais. "Cartas brasileiras (1809-1904) : um estudo linguistico-filologico." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270516.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Charlotte Marie Chamberlland GalvesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T22:19:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carneiro_ZenaidedeOliveiraNovais_D.pdf: 73952119 bytes, checksum: 5a0cdb555095fd47ea76df4c661fbfae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Tento mostrar a essencialidade da integração entre filologia e história para a seleção de amostras de língua externa, o material empírico para estudos lingüísticos diacrôrucos. As fases da elaboração da pesquisa foram as seguintes: (i) seleção e identificação da autenticidade das cartas; edição; localização espacial e temporal; (u) identificação de dados relevantes sobre os remetentes e os destinatários; (ili) contextualização da amostra com base na história externa do português brasileiro e (iv) descrição lingüística, enfocando padrões de colocação dos clíticos. Como resultado final mais importante, há a identificação, a partir de um modelo de representação de linguagem, de um interessante processo de competição de gramáticas em textos escritos por brasileiros nascidos entre fins do século 18 e meados do século 19. Atestam-se três padrões distintos na colocação dos clíticos: 1)construções equivalentes à escrita do português europeu em sua fase clássica; 2) construções que refletem as mudanças em direção ao português europeu moderno, e 3) construções que definem o português brasileiro. Esses padrões mostram o efeito nos documentos de duas mudanças, diferentemente do que comumente tem sido demonstrado
Abstract: I try to show the main aspect of the integration between Philology and History in the choice of the samples of extemallanguage as a pravider of empirical raw material to diachronic linguistic studies. The phases of the elaboration of the research were as the following: (i) choice and identification related to authenticity of letters; editing, spatia! and temporal localization; (ü) identification of relevant data on senders and addressees; (iii) contextualization of the sample based on extemal history of the Brazilian Porruguese and (iv) linguistic description focusing pattems of locating clitics. The most important result of it is the identification, fram a model of language representation, of a interesting process of competition among grammars with texts written by Brazilians bom between the end of 18 th century and the midclle 19th century. There are three distinct pattems of locating clitics: constructions equivalent to the written Modem European Porruguese in its classic phase; constructions that reflect the changes in direction toward the Modem European Porruguese and constructions that define the Brazilian Porruguese. These pattems show the effect of two changes in the Brazilian Porruguese differently for what has commonly been asserted.
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
47
Bikelis, Edgard Santana. "O \'sistema de vogais\' no Mémoire de Ferdinand de Saussure (1879): uma proposta de tradução." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-14082017-125032/.
Full textAbstract:
Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) é conhecido especialmente por ser o autor do Curso de Linguística Geral de 1916, obra vista, pelas gerações que o sucederam, como a fundadora tanto do chamado estruturalismo linguístico, como também da Linguística contemporânea. O Curso, como se sabe, foi editado a partir das notas feitas por seus alunos dos três cursos de linguística geral, proferidos por ele, entre 1907 e 1911, na Universidade de Genebra, e é como autor dessa obra que Saussure é reconhecido no movimento estruturalista do século XX. Em vida, no entanto, seu reconhecimento se deu em grande parte pela publicação do Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles indo-européennes, em 1879. Buscamos neste trabalho investigar, pelo viés da Historiografia Linguística, o contexto e o conteúdo do Mémoire de Saussure, ao reconstruir os desenvolvimentos da Linguística Histórica a partir do século XIX e ao traduzir o primeiro capítulo dessa obra, com vistas a recuperar-lhe o sentido do termo sistema, que viria a ser de grande importância para a história da Linguística no século XX.Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) is mainly known for being the author of the Course in General Linguistics of 1916, a work that was to be regarded, by the future generations, as both the foundation of the linguistic Structuralism and also of the modern Linguistics. The Course, as it is well-known, was edited from the annotations of his students in the three courses in General Linguistics that he lectured, from 1907 to 1911, in the University of Geneva, and it is as the author of this work that Saussure is acknowledged in the Structuralist movement of the 20th century. During his life, however, his renown was due mainly to the publication of the Mémoire sur le système primitif des voyelles indo-européennes, in 1879. We strived, in this this dissertation, to investigate the context and content of this work through the method of the Linguistic Historiography, by reconstructing the development of Historical Linguistics from the start of the 19th century, by translating the first chapter of his book, aiming to recover the sense of the term system being used therein, and which would come to grow in importance for the future history of Linguistics in the 20th century.
48
Hoogervorst, Tom Gunnar. "Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean world : combining historical linguistic and archaeological approaches." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b8b47816-7184-42ab-958e-026bc3431ea3.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis casts a new light on the role of Southeast Asia in the ancient Indian Ocean World. It brings together data and approaches from archaeology and historical linguistics to examine cultural and language contact between Southeast Asia and South Asia, East Africa and the Middle East. The interdisciplinary approach employed in this study reveals that insular Southeast Asian seafarers, traders and settlers had impacted on these parts of the world in pre-modern times through the transmission of numerous biological and cultural items. It is further demonstrated that the words used for these commodities often contain clues about the precise ethno-linguistic communities involved in their transoceanic dispersal. The Methodology chapter introduces some common linguistic strategies to examine language contact and lexical borrowing, to determine the directionality of loanwords and to circumvent the main caveats of such an approach. The study then proceeds to delve deeper into the socio-cultural background of interethnic contact in the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean as a whole, focusing on the oft-neglected Southeast Asian contributions to the cultural landscape of this region and addressing the nature of pre-modern contact between Southeast Asia and the different parts of the Indian Ocean Word. Following from that, the last three chapters look in-depth at the dispersal of respectively Southeast Asian plants, spices and maritime technology into the wider Indian Ocean World. Although concepts and their names do not always neatly travel together across ethno-linguistic boundaries, these chapters demonstrate how a closer examination of lexical data offers supportive evidence and new perspectives on events of cultural contact not otherwise documented. Cumulatively, this study underlines that the analysis of lexical data is a strong tool to examine interethnic contact, particularly in pre-literate societies. Throughout the Indian Ocean World, Southeast Asian products and concepts were mainly dispersed by Malay-speaking communities, although others played a role as well.
49
Edelen, Andrew. "Reindeer Etymologies in the Circumpolar North." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/548.
Full textAbstract:
Despite more than a century of anthropological research, the origins of reindeer domestication remain elusive. A range of theories has been proposed as to the identity/identities of the first people(s) to tame reindeer for human use, and of the conceptual origins of reindeer husbandry (e.g. as an alternative to cattle, horses, dogs, etc.). While only a few of these theories still have adherents, none can be said to be demonstrated. This thesis seeks to contribute to the solving of this question by examining the origins of reindeer terminology--those words in the the many circumpolar languages for 'tame reindeer' and 'wild reindeer'. Examining data in nearly three hundred (mostly-northern) languages and dialects, the author hopes to determine which vocabulary is native to the peoples who use it and which terms are borrowed from other sources; these borrowings may mirror the transmission routes of reindeer husbandry as a form of economy. When plotted on maps, the linguistic data give credence to the most popular anthropological theory of the origins of reindeer domestication.
50
Fondow, Steven Richard. "Spanish Velar-insertion and Analogy: A Usage-based Diachronic Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290438177.
Full text