Journal articles on the topic 'Historical Layering'
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1
Mitchell, Jack. "William Morris' Synthetic Aeneids: Virgil as Physical Object." Translation and Literature 24, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2015.0181.
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William Morris' Aeneid translation of 1875 (The Aeneids of Virgil) is today criticized for its archaism and anachronism; it ought rather to be read as a deliberate layering of historical periods in the reception of the Roman epic. This strategy of historical layering is paralleled in Morris' other Aeneid project of the early 1870s, an original illuminated vellum codex of the poem in Latin, which also telescopes the historical trajectory of the source text by the layering of historical styles and details. Morris' translation should be understood as a similarly ambitious, if more democratic, attempt to create a ‘cumulative’ Aeneid.
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Rudakov, Igor. "Tendencies of labor content changes at different stages of historical development." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 58, no. 4 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880023014-4.
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The article investigates how the main characteristics of labor activity are manifested during different stages of historical development. The authors propose to classify labor activity by four labor relations layering directions: free and bonded labor, prestigious and ordinary types of activity, skilled and unskilled labor, creative and routine labor. The main approaches to history periodization were analyzed and presented on a unified time scale. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, a generalized approach to the history periodization is proposed. For each historical period the manifestation of labor relations layering directions is shown: how they are manifested, how this manifestation changes from period to period, how labor activity is distributed within these characteristics. The visualization of how the labor relations layering directions manifest themselves at different historical stages of the proposed periodization is presented. The conclusion is made that the differentiation of labor has a wave-like character; the identified labor relations layering directions are manifested practically at all periods of history of economic activity, they change in different directions and interrelated with each other; creative and skilled labor relations layering types reflect the process of new technologies introduction; labor differentiation increases during the periods of technological revolutions.
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Teng, Youping, Shuai Yang, and Yue Huang. "Structural features of the streetscape of Macau across four different spatial scales based on historical maps." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258086.
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In the analysis of complex historical layering, studies on how to avoid theoretical analysis and use quantitative methods of display and analysis are scarce. Therefore, we used space syntax to fill this gap in historical layering analysis. We established a spatial digital model by combining the urban historical landscape theory with the space syntax analysis method. Then, we quantitatively analysed the streetscapes in the four historical periods of Macau and the value-related development of the city’s economy, society, and culture. To this end, we used the theory of urban historical landscape to interpret the streetscape of Macau. We reviewed urban development under different spatial scales, which represent different states of historical layering. Changing ideological trends of construction have induced changes in the city, which have led to changes in the city style. The analysis considers the dimensions of space and time, and its results can guide the continued benign growth of the urban landscape and solve protection problems in practice. Meanwhile, the results of this work also indicate that the unique streetscape of Macau bred by the development of the city does not affect the newly constructed roads. The newly reclaimed areas and the streetscape of the new city are on the verge of homogeneity and cannot reflect the unique regional characteristics of Macau. Therefore, we used the historical map of Macau as a carrier, used space syntax to analyse the structure of Macau’s streetscape, and explored the apparent characteristics and value associations carried by the streetscape of Macau under different historical slices. Our results can help retrieve the value of Macau’s historical streetscape and devise a targeted protection strategy that can help pass on the historical streetscape of Macau to posterity.
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Witzel, Michael. "Moving Targets? Texts, language, archaeology and history in the Late Vedic and early Buddhist periods." Indo-Iranian Journal 52, no. 2-3 (2009): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001972409x12562030836859.
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AbstractThe Late Vedic and earliest Buddhist texts are investigated to indicate their relative historical layering. Besides the texts themselves, their language, place names, archaeological and inherent historical background are brought to bear. These data and those on some historical contemporaries of the Buddha do not indicate a correlation with late Vedic personalities and texts. A certain period of time separates both corpora.
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Claire, Lovell, and Kibbee Robert. "Layering Historical Maps and Census Data for Interactive Visualizations in HistoryForge." Archiving Conference 2021, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2021.1.0.5.
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HistoryForge (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://historyforge.net">https://historyforge.net</ext-link>) is a web application that combines information from U.S. Census records, historical maps, and other records in an interactive framework of human and spatial relationships that illustrate what communities looked like and how they evolved over time. It generates an environment that invites a study of local history at the levels of neighborhood, family, and individual. HistoryForge is being developed using open source software so that any community can adopt it to explore their own local history and add archival material. This paper will describe the project's development, growing potential for enriching records with archival material, and its current implementation in four different communities. The rapid development of the last year has been supported by a two-year grant from the Public Engagement with Historical Records from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission of the National Archives.
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Parrado, Salvador. "Failed policies but institutional innovation through “layering” and “diffusion” in Spanish central administration." International Journal of Public Sector Management 21, no. 2 (February 29, 2008): 230–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513550810855672.
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PurposeThis paper aims to show that the Spanish central administration, as a representative of the Napoleonic tradition, has undergone considerable managerial changes in non‐autonomous and semi‐autonomous agencies characterised by their direct involvement in service delivery in spite of the failure of macro‐changes and radical reforms of public administration.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides case studies of “paths” of changes in three organisations.FindingsThrough “layering” and “diffusion” of institutions as social mechanisms included in the historical new institutionalism account for innovation, specific organisations like the tax agency, social security and property registry have become more managerial in a state dominated by public law.Research limitations/implicationsMore in‐depth case studies would make possible generalisation of how small changes can produce similar impacts or results than reform efforts at the macro‐level.Originality/valueThe use of historical neo‐institutionalism and the exam of mechanisms as “layering” and “diffusion” for explaining change is presented.
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Hall, Sara F. "Babylon Berlin: Pastiching Weimar cinema." Communications 44, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2061.
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AbstractCentered on Richard Dyer’s model of pastiche, this essay posits that the German television series Babylon Berlin engages in a unique and timely practice of cultural reproduction shaped by a specific combination of historical subject matter and the present media-historical moment. Through digital effects, narrational layering, and multivalent location choices, Babylon Berlin pastiches Weimar cinema, and self-consciously invites comparisons between the so-called golden age of German cinema and the present. It activates cinephilic recall, establishes an intermedial dialogue between analog and digital forms, and affectively engenders a historically oriented conversation about the fragility of modern democracy in the Brexit/Trump era. The cultural work of pastiche it performs warrants the series’ inclusion in the conversation around the European remake.
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Yenter, Timothy. "Historical Knowledge as Self-Understanding in the Films of Whit Stillman." Film and Philosophy 26 (2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil2021111813.
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Whit Stillman’s films depict characters attempting to gain relevant knowledge of their historical situation so that they can shape their lives. Through an analysis of scenes from each of Stillman’s films, this essay demonstrates that historical knowledge is presented as a kind of self-understanding in the films. That historical knowledge is useful for gaining control over one’s future as well as for properly evaluating one’s life reveals a philosophically interesting approach to self-knowledge. Stillman’s complex approach of layering contexts further suggests an elusive account of the self.
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Siegfried, Susan L. "Layering historical time: Amelia Opie’s “Recollections of a Visit to Paris in 1802”." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 42, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2020.1773110.
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Bleich, Erik. "Historical Institutionalism and Judicial Decision-Making." World Politics 70, no. 1 (November 29, 2017): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887117000272.
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This article integrates insights from different veins of historical institutionalism to offer an analytical framework that specifies how ideas, institutions, and actors account for key aspects of judicial decision-making, including change over time. To the extent that ideas are widely distributed, highly salient, and stable among actors in the judicial field, they can affect patterns of rulings in a particular issue area. The distribution, salience, and stability of norms, however, may change over time for reasons embedded in the institutional structures themselves. Existing policies, laws, or treaties create the potential for new actors to enter the judicial field through processes that theorists of institutional change have identified as intercurrence, displacement, conversion, layering, and drift. New actors can shift the relative salience of ideas already rooted in the judicial field. This ideational salience amplification can alter patterns of judicial decision-making without the fundamental and often costly battles involved in wholesale paradigm change. French high court hate speech decisions provide the context for the development of this framework and serve to illustrate the dynamic. The author uses evidence from an original dataset of every ruling by the French Court of Cassation regarding racist hate speech from 1972 through 2012 to explain the varying propensity of the high court to restrict speech that targets majorities compared to minorities.
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Fattal, Laura, and Sandra Alon. "Constructing Global Awareness Day-by-Day." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education 3, no. 1 (December 26, 2018): xx. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jimphe.v3i1.630.
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Global awareness is discussed through the experiential learning of six teacher candidates and six teachers on a Fulbright-Hays study abroad program to Israel. The participants focused their learning on four key aspects of global education; multilingual communication – to enhance a world view, historical layering – to understand the peripheries of communities, conflict resolution – an intrinsic component of global citizenship, and geographical interdependence. The participants enhanced their understanding of the multifaceted concepts surrounding globalism, globalization and global education.
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Maton, Rhiannon M., and T. Philip Nichols. "Mobilizing public alternative schools for post-neoliberal futures: Legacies of critical hope in Philadelphia and Toronto." Policy Futures in Education 18, no. 1 (July 30, 2018): 159–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1478210318789730.
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Starting in the late 1960s, alternative schools were established in many public school districts across North America. These programs tended to embrace humanizing ideals and sought to center self-expression, creativity, and non-hierarchical values in school governance models. While alternative schools persist today, many now embrace a range of historically situated values—often layering market-based ideals onto the language and structures of their humanizing commitments. This article explores the historical entanglements of public alternative schools, humanizing pedagogies, and market-based ideals in the Philadelphia and Toronto contexts in order to consider what structures of the past might be of use in reimagining public education for the future. In so doing, we argue that such programs, when augmented by a commitment to critical hope, offer generative possibilities for reimagining and redefining schools for the post-neoliberal future.
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Gilbert, Reid. "‘Shine on us, Grandmother Moon’: Coding in Canadian First Nations Drama." Theatre Research International 21, no. 1 (1996): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300012670.
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Current productions written, directed, and/or performed by First Nations Canadians are often characterized by a complex layering of myth and iconography operating simultaneously in more than one cultural system. The effect is richly visual and auditory theatre, but, more important, such performances highlight the essentially indexical and iconographic nature of theatre itself by writing text at the intersection of discourses with quite different political and historical markers and, in the process, bringing those discourses together to form a new typology of signs. What is problematic is the effect of such signs.
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Coats, Lauren, Matt Cohen, John David Miles, Kinohi Nishikawa, and Rebecca Walsh. "Those We Don't Speak Of: Indians in The Village." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 123, no. 2 (March 2008): 358–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2008.123.2.358.
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American literary studies has shown that the symbolic exclusion of Native Americans from the Puritan and early national imaginaries was an essential component of the making of an American identity. This argument builds on reading practices that stress literary-historical contextualization. Our essay considers how M. Night Shyamalan's film The Village (2004) addresses the continuing relevance of Native American exclusion from the national imaginary not by faithfully representing “history” but by layering its narrative with multiple historical registers. Realized through editing, cinematography, and set design, these registers—seventeenth-century Puritan, turn-of-the-twentieth-century utopian, and “the present”—are stage-managed by a group of idealistic elders who wish to protect their community from the evils of the world outside. While most critics have reduced The Village to an allegory of post-9/11 United States political culture, we propose a viewing of the film as parable that marks historical collapses and exclusions as the limits of utopia.
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Voronina, O. "CARTOGRAPHY OF SIBERIA OF THE XVII -XX CENTURIES: RESEARCH POTENTIAL AND METHODS OF WORKING WITH CARTOGRAPHIC INFORMATION." Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after. V. G. Shukhov 7, no. 5 (May 11, 2022): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2022-7-5-60-70.
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Cartographic sources - maps, plans, diagrams, and drawings are deservedly the starting point in historical, socio-economic, ethnographic, architectural and urban planning, studies. However, there is no general understanding of the qualitative composition of this voluminous block of information. Moreover, there is no unified approach to the interpretation of historical cartography. The article presents the technique of "layering and analysis of multi-temporal projections of planning structures". This allows to get a classification of historical plans, highlighting fixing, design and directive plans. According to the presented methodology, the existing planning structure of the studied settlement is easily accessible in the form of digitized satellite images and is the basis for graphical analysis of the historical plan. Each of the studied cartographic sources, whether it is a plan or an explanatory note, is considered in the context of the continuous process of architectural and planning development of the settlement and the state. The presented methodology is successfully tested as part of the work on the project of the boundaries of the territory and the subject of protection of the historical settlement of federal significance "Tomsk City".
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Igumnov, A. G., and E. L. Tikhonova. "Material Origin in Folklore Texts of Predominantly Historical Themes." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 10 (October 29, 2021): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-10-247-264.
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The article deals with the issues of architectonics of folklore texts of historical content: Russian and Ukrainian historical songs, historical ballads, dooms and epics. The relevance of the study is due to the search for a synchronous typological similarity between folklore texts of different ethnic, generic, genre, and poetic nature. Special attention is paid to three aspects of the organization of the song plot: its compositional layering, the combination of several principles in it; the plot meaning of allomotives, explicating the material principle; their styling. The definitions of the material and spiritual principles are given. The objective existence of typological similarities at the level of the allomotive organization of Russian and Ukrainian texts related to the classical, traditional and stage-by-stage types of creativity in the field of historical song folklore is shown. It is shown that this similarity can be explained by the reflection in the texts of vital, everyday empiricism and can acquire different stylistic incarnations: reduced everyday, ascertaining, idealizing. The question is raised about the reasons for the axiological differences in the Russian and Ukrainian folklore traditions. It is proved that the explication of the material principle can have different meanings in the organization of the song plot: optional, meaningful within a fragment of the text, plot-forming.
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Sacramento, Ana Rita Silva, and José Antonio Gomes de Pinho. "The process of implementing answerability in contemporary Brazil." Revista de Administração Pública 50, no. 2 (April 2016): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7612147614.
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Abstract: The aim of this study was to characterize the trajectory of answerability in Brazil. In the light of studies based on the historical neo-institutionalism approach, formal institutional changes adopted at federal level between 1985 and 2014, and which favor the typical requirements of answerability - information and justification - were identified and analyzed through the content analysis technique. The conclusion is that the trajectory of answerability in contemporary Brazil can be characterized as continuous, primarily occurring through the layering strategy, and whose leitmotif, since its origin, has consisted of matters of financial and budgetary nature. Nevertheless, a recent influence of deeper democratic subjects on it has been observed.
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Long, Tom. "Historical Antecedents and Post-World War II Regionalism in the Americas." World Politics 72, no. 2 (February 24, 2020): 214–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887119000194.
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ABSTRACTAfter World War II, the US-led international security order exhibited substantial regional variation. Explaining this variation has been central to the debate over why is there no nato in Asia. But this debate overlooks the emergence of multilateral security arrangements between the United States and Latin American countries during the same critical juncture. These inter-American institutions are puzzling considering the three factors most commonly used to explain divergence between nato and Asia: burden-sharing, external threats, and collective identity. These conditions fail to explain contemporaneous emergence of inter-American security multilateralism. Although the postwar inter-American system has been characterized as the solidification of US dominance, at the time of its framing, Latin American leaders judged the inter-American system as their best bet for maintaining beneficial US involvement in the Western Hemisphere while reinforcing voice opportunities for weaker states and imposing institutional constraints on US unilateralism. Drawing on multinational archival research, the author advances a historical institutionalist account. Shared historical antecedents of regionalism shaped the range of choices for Latin American and US leaders regarding the desirability and nature of new regional institutions while facilitating institutional change through mechanisms of layering and conversion during this critical juncture.
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Zimovets, Roman. "About benefits and harms of rewriting history. One of the topics of contemporary historical discourses: philosophical analysis." Filosofska dumka (Philosophical Thought) -, no. 2 (June 12, 2021): 142–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fd2021.02.142.
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When we talk about historical revisionism, negative connotations as a rule are prevailing. Prohibition of revision of certain historical interpretation and assessment is one of the tasks of historical policy which is carried out by adopting so-called «memorial laws». Taking care of the formation of the desired representations of the past (narratives) is directly related to the interests of institutionalized power in its own stabilization and strengthening. Power is a function of the community, whose identity is formed historically. Consolidation of collective identity through the support and reproduction of common representations of the past is one of the tools to strengthen power. At the same time, the very nature of human experience acquisition which is permanent mediation of the horizon of the past and the present, presuppose a reinterpretation of this past. Major shifts in the experience of generations, which occur as a result of certain social changes, lead to a new look at the past of the community. In this sense, rethinking and rewriting history becomes necessary to clarify, update, rationalize the collective identity, which is problematized by new experience. Historical policy can both respond to this need for identity transformation through re- thinking representations of one’s own past and come into conflict with it. In the latter case, the narratives transferring by institutional power begin to conflict with the communicative memory of the generation experiencing a shift. One of the tools of self-preservation of power in this situation is blocking of living historical experience, which can take various forms. The culmination of such a blockade is «hermetization» of historical time that take place in totalitarian state. The living historicity of experience, which requires a constant rethinking of one’s own historically inherited identity, is replaced by an artificial, time-frozen identity, which, precisely because of this nature, becomes fragile and doomed to destruction. On the other hand, the rewriting of history initiated by the authorities within the framework of historical policy may face resistance to the representations of the past rooted in the communicative and cultural memory. The resistance of historical narratives indicates that the collective memory and the identity founded in it are not only a power construct, but also a spontaneous layering of sediments of historical experience. In today’s world of global communications and unified everyday practices, historical narratives are beginning to play an increasing role, as they remain the only seat of identity. At the same time, this process reinforces the conflict potential of communities, which can be observed in many examples of the revival of historically motivated political ambitions. In this situation, a critical clarification of various interpretations of the past becomes a means of rationalizing the historically inherited identity of communities as a necessary condition for intercultural dialogue.
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Shen, Danjie, and Shujing Dong. "Transition of Urban Morphology in the Mountainous Areas Since Early-Modern Times from the Perspective of Urban Historic Landscape—A GIS Tools and Historical Map Translation Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912896.
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Regenerating cities must blend modernization and heritage. Both urban morphology and Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) highlight historical processes and may assist in regeneration. Using Chongqing as the study example may further understand mountain cities, which are prevalent worldwide but seldom examined in morphology research. This study explores and organizes the historical modernization of Chongqing’s parent city from early-modern times to the present day using a universal approach established in this research developed by the HUL perspective and research framework, Geographic information system (GIS), Depthmap tool, and historical map translation method. Large-scale modernization occurred prior to the 1980s, followed by more modest rehabilitation projects. The whole procedure is described by the phrase “Construction first, then planning, then transformation,” which entails a “free growth” block structure at the outset, along with planning control. The study contributes the following: (1) Establishing a theoretical framework and research technique for the universal city based on historical sources and modern instruments; (2) Chongqing’s future sustainable development and historical preservation depend in large part on figuring out the city’s complicated modernization history; (3) The study of mountain cities may benefit from understanding the geographical development and spatial dynamic layering of Chongqing. (4) This study bridges the gap in time by going beyond the early modern period covered by the previous ones and into the post-statehood era (1949–2022).
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Lindholst, Andrej Christian, Morten Balle Hansen, and Ole Helby Petersen. "Marketization trajectories in the Danish road and park sectors." International Journal of Public Sector Management 29, no. 5 (July 11, 2016): 457–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-02-2016-0038.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to improve the understanding of the evolution of marketization in the public sector as a process of institutional change. Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a study of marketization and gradual changes in the involvement of private contractors (as providers of maintenance services) in the municipal road and park sectors in Denmark over the past 30 years. The study draws theoretically on historical institutionalism as an interpretive framework and empirically on findings from earlier research, register data from municipal accounts as well as new survey data. Findings – Marketization within the road and park sectors has historically taken place through gradual changes, in particular by processes of layering and displacement, which has added up to substantial transformations in both sectors. Transformations relate to the levels of private sector involvement, the purpose of using private contractors, the extent of competition and the design of contractual arrangements. The road sector has been a frontrunner in this marketization process, while the park sector increasingly has been “catching up.” Originality/value – The paper contributes to the understanding of the historical development and differential pathways of marketization within the public sector. In particular, the study highlights how pathways of gradual change, spurred by the influx of long-term policy pressures, over time can lead to substantial institutional transformations.
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Pouliot, Vincent. "Historical Institutionalism Meets Practice Theory: Renewing the Selection Process of the United Nations Secretary-General." International Organization 74, no. 4 (2020): 742–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002081832000020x.
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AbstractThe selection process leading to the appointment of Antonio Guterres as Secretary-General of the United Nations gave way to unprecedented practices in world politics, such as public hearings with candidates. A textbook case of what historical institutionalism calls “layering,” this episode of institutional development features intriguing puzzles, including its timing, form, and limits. Drawing on historical institutionalism and practice theory, I develop a “pulling” theory of agency that complements intentionalist accounts. The webs of practices that agents find themselves in afford certain actions over others, orienting the push of interests. I infer three mechanisms—relational crossover, competence transfers, and pushback—and show how a set of nine practices, available at the UN in 2015–2016 but not in earlier episodes, account for the specifics of the recent renewal of the Secretary-General's selection procedure. A full explanation of this critical case of institutional change is impossible without understanding how agents struggled with one another under the pull of the UN web of practices, affording some innovations but not others.
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Walker, Khirey B., Chad S. Seifried, and Brian P. Soebbing. "The National Collegiate Athletic Association as a Social-Control Agent: Addressing Misconduct Through Organizational Layering." Journal of Sport Management 32, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2017-0197.
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The present study focuses on the National Collegiate Athletic Association and cases of misconduct from 1953 to 2016 to examine evidence of organizational layering created by social-control agents. The historical method was employed and found wrongdoing may influence the creation of organizational layers to control and/or manage future behavior. Furthermore, the activities of the National Collegiate Athletic Association featured variation in centralization, formalization, and complexity through expanding horizontal; vertical (e.g., institutional, managerial, and technical); and spatial differentiations. Second, individual social-control agents impact future organizational policies and member behavior but social-control agents’ power may be challenged as an organization grows. Third, as a social-control agent, the National Collegiate Athletic Association struggled with assessing cases of misconduct, assigning sanctions in a timely manner and at a level to deter future wrongdoing. Finally, the present study offers several propositions connecting third-party regulators to the synergy between complexity (i.e., horizontal and vertical differentiations); formalization; and centralization.
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Açıcı, Funda Kurak, and Şebnem Ertaş. "Tourism Initiated Changes on the Sustainability of Historical Texture: Yeni Cuma Mosque Trabzon." Open House International 43, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2018-b0012.
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Since the first periods of humanity, the reflections of emerging cultures have created the living texture and architecture. The continuing accumulations from older periods transfer a history by layering at certain environments. While these environments which appear as the evidence of development and advancement present the artifacts of previous generations; they create a common language by creating a link between past, today and present. The necessity for protection and transfer of architecture which is the physical reflection of this accumulation, history and culture continuing through ages to the future generations is a clear fact. Preventing the disappearance of historical buildings which show the difference of a geography, country or city from others and create its identity is an important issue for sustainable architecture. When sustainability unites with history and tourism, it can achieve the protection, development and transfer of natural and cultural resources from one generation to the other. For this reason, in the scope of this study, Camii Cedid/St Eugenios Church (Yeni Cuma Mosque) transformed into a mosque after the conquest of the city of Trabzon, which has an important historical texture within its geography, will be examined in terms of the sustainable development it created in the region and the changes it went through
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Ziegeler, Debra. "Replica grammaticalisation as recapitulation." Diachronica 31, no. 1 (July 21, 2014): 106–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.31.1.04zie.
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The study of replica grammaticalisation in contact (Heine & Kuteva 2003, 2005) has not been without its critics (e.g. Matthews & Yip 2009, Gast & van der Auwera 2012) because of assumptions of a historical linguistic awareness of model language grammaticalisation routes. In Heine & Kuteva’s studies, the contact model language was usually understood to be a substrate or L1. The present study investigates a universal feature of New English dialects and proposes instead a replication of earlier diachronic stages in the lexifier attested up to 1000 years ago. Replication is assisted by the identification and exploitation of extant, lexical source meanings or earlier grammaticalisation stages co-existing with the grammaticalised item in the lexifier, in a situation of contact layering.
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RUPP, LAURA, and SALI A. TAGLIAMONTE. "This here town: evidence for the development of the English determiner system from a vernacular demonstrative construction in York English." English Language and Linguistics 23, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 81–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674317000326.
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The English variety spoken in York provides a unique opportunity to study the evolution of the English determiner system as proposed in the Definiteness Cycle (Lyons 1999). York English has three vernacular determiners that appear to represent different stages in the cycle: the zero article, reduced determiners and complex demonstratives of the type this here NP (Rupp 2007; Tagliamonte & Roeder 2009). Here, we probe the emergence and function of demonstratives in the cycle from the joint perspective of language variation and change, historical linguistics and discourse-pragmatics. We will argue that initially, the demonstrative reduced in meaning (Millar 2000) and also in form, resulting in Demonstrative Reduction (DR) (previously known as Definite Article Reduction (DAR)). This caused it to become reinforced. Data from the York English Corpus (Tagliamonte 1996–8) and historical corpora suggest that the use of complex demonstratives was subsequently extended from conveying ‘regular’ deictic meanings to a new meaning of ‘psychological deixis’ (Johannessen 2006). We conclude that survival of transitory stages in the cycle by several historical demonstrative forms, each in a range of functions, has given rise to a particular sense of ‘layering’ (Hopper 1991). Our analysis corroborates the idea that grammaticalization trajectories can be influenced by discourse-pragmatic factors (Epstein 1995; Traugott's 1995subjectification).
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Skålnes, Lars S. "Layering and Displacement in Development Finance: The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Belt and Road Initiative." Chinese Journal of International Politics 14, no. 2 (March 1, 2021): 257–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poab001.
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Abstract This article explains why the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) are likely to have differential effects on the rules governing development finance. I draw on principal-agent models in arguing that in these two institutions, the delegation problem facing the Chinese government is different and therefore associated with different types of institutional change. The fragmented-authoritarian nature of the Chinese state profoundly affects delegation in the BRI. In the AIIB, in contrast, the delegation is to an international organization and hence not materially affected by the fragmented authoritarian nature of the Chinese state. Drawing on historical-institutionalist approaches to gradual institutional change, the article argues that the AIIB is likely to lead to institutional layering, the BRI to institutional displacement in development financing.
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Purdeková, Andrea. "“Mundane Sights” of Power: The History of Social Monitoring and Its Subversion in Rwanda." African Studies Review 59, no. 2 (August 30, 2016): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asr.2016.32.
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Abstract:By tracing the Rwandan state’s “mundane sights”—everyday forms of presence and monitoring—the article sheds light on the historical development and striking continuities in “interactive surveillance” across a century of turbulent political change. It considers three emblematic surveillance technologies—the institution ofnyumbakumi, the identity card, andumugandaworks (and public activities more broadly)—which, despite their implication in genocide, were retained, reworked, and even bolstered after the conflict ended. The article investigates what drives the observed continuity and “layering” of social monitoring over time, highlighting the key role played by ambiguity and ambivalence in this process. The research expands the concept of political surveillance, moving away from the unidirectional notion of “forms of watching,” and questions any easy distinctions between visibility and invisibility in the exercise of power or its subversion.
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Cinnamon, John M. "Fieldwork, Orality, Text: Ethnographic and Historical Fields of Knowledge in Colonial and Postcolonial Gabon." History in Africa 38 (2011): 47–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2011.0010.
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I can claim no direct pedigree from African Studies at Wisconsin, but one of my own graduate school mentors, Robert Harms, benefitted from David Henige's and Jan Vansina's influence; all three have profoundly marked my own approaches to the historical anthropology of equatorial Africa. In this paper I draw on David Henige's illuminating and still relevant insights into the problem of “feedback,” in light of a key methodological preoccupation in my own discipline of anthropology – “fieldwork.” In particular I want to suggest how ethnographic fields are formed over time through a layering process that involves ongoing cycles of intertwined oral and written traditions.Henige's 1973 article, “The Problem of Feedback in Oral Tradition,” prefigures by a full decade Terence Ranger's highly influential essay on “The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa.” In that 1973 article, Henige argued that given traditions were “dynamic over time.” British Indirect Rule had led the Fante of the Gold Coast to devise new oral traditions in order to take advantage of opportunities of British Colonialism. In particular, he cites the ways printed sources, especially the Bible, but also the Qur'an, colonial sources, publications, and later scholarly works, have all found their way back into oral accounts. Henige also suggests that pre-colonial oral traditions also would have been continually reworked; present practices suggest considerable adaptability and flexibility in the past.
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Zhu, Jiejin. "China’s Path Selection in Global Governance Reform." International Organisations Research Journal 15, no. 3 (November 1, 2020): 248–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2020-03-10.
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With the rise of China, reforming the global governance institutions has become an important part of China’s diplomacy. Based on whether to build new international rules or reinterpret or redeploy the existing ones, we can divide the rising power’s paths in global governance reform into four types: displacement, layering, conversion and avoidance. Why does China adopt different paths toward reforming the existing international institutions which are dominated by the U.S.? Building on the theory of “gradual institutional change” in historical institutionalism, this article argues that the veto capability of the established power and the flexibility of the existing international institution are two determinants of the rising power’s path selection in global governance reform. It applies this theoretical framework to explain China’s behaviour in four issue areas: sovereign credit rating, the international monetary system, free trade agreements and multilateral development banks. In sovereign credit rating, the strong veto capability of the U.S. and the low flexibility of the existing international credit rating institution make China adopt the path of avoidance. In the international monetary system, the strong veto capability of the U.S. and the high flexibility of the International Monetary Fund’s special drawing rights make China adopt the path of layering. In free trade agreements, the weak veto capability of the U.S. and low flexibility of the Trans-Pacific Partnership make China adopt the path of displacement. In multilateral development banks, the weak veto capability of the U.S. and high flexibility of World Bank rules make China adopt the path of conversion.
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Järlehed, Johan. "Genre and metacultural displays." Linguistic Landscape. An international journal 3, no. 3 (December 31, 2017): 286–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ll.17020.jar.
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Abstract This paper argues that studies of the LL could merit from a more detailed social semiotic examination of particular sign-genres. It describes genre as normative system open to change, on the one hand, and as complex historical and cultural configurations of semiotic resources and affordances, on the other. Based on illustrative analysis of how the discursive interaction of ‘pride’ and ‘profit’ is affecting Galician and Basque street-name signing, the paper makes the following points: (1) genre depends on discourse, and discourse depends on genre; (2) particular materializations of a genre actualize distinct resources and highlight different affordances; (3) detailed and contextualized analysis of determined sign genres can reveal ideological layering in the LL; (4) when a genre is taken ‘out of place’ or is recontextualized, its typical repertoire of resources is rearranged and new affordances emerge.
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Ridgway, Ella, Phillip Baker, Julie Woods, and Mark Lawrence. "Historical Developments and Paradigm Shifts in Public Health Nutrition Science, Guidance and Policy Actions: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2019): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030531.
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Public health nutrition (PHN) seeks to protect and promote the nutrition-related health and wellbeing of populations. PHN science is dynamic and has evolved over time, helping to inform our understanding of the changing nature, scope, causes and solutions to PHN problems. This scientific basis has informed nutrition guidance and policy. Using a narrative synthesis method and guided by Kuhn’s theory on the structure of scientific revolutions, this paper reviews the historical development of PHN, aiming to understand the emergence of major scientific paradigms, paradigm shifts and evidence-informed guidance and policy. We propose that the development of PHN is characterized by the successive layering of paradigms resulting from interactions between science, social change and policy-making. Four eras of PHN are evident: the foundation, nutrient deficiency, dietary excess and imbalances, and environmental sustainability (ES). Dominant paradigms have been communicated through nutrient reference standards, dietary goals and dietary guidelines. Transitions from one era to the next indicated new ways of thinking about PHN, amounting to a paradigm shift. The bidirectional relationship between nutrition and ES is the latest challenge confronting PHN. Investigating PHN paradigm transitions reveals how we have arrived at current guidance and policies, and how PHN might progress into the future.
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CHUNG, YOUSUN. "Continuity and Change in Chinese Grassroots Governance: Shanghai’s Local Administrative System." Issues & Studies 54, no. 04 (December 2018): 1840010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251118400106.
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Since the retreat of the workplace system, Chinese cities have been presented with the important challenge of refurbishing local administrative systems at the sub-district level while meeting the emerging needs of new urban spaces. Building on new institutionalism concepts such as conversion and layering, this study examines conditions in Shanghai to ascertain what has made it a strong administrative city. The study discusses the development of Shanghai’s current local governance structure in terms of historical legacy, formal structure, and informal practices (i.e., two-tiered government and three-tiered management). This study also researches the complex state task of strengthening sub-district governance (so-called “community construction”) in urban China. The results of this study offer theoretical implications for institutional change and continuity related to these matters, thereby indicating that increased attention should be given to the agency-side explanation of endogenous institutional changes in the Chinese polity.
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Christensen, Benjamin. "Ontario Pension Policy Making and the Politics of CPP Reform, 1963–2016." Canadian Journal of Political Science 53, no. 1 (November 27, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423919000805.
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AbstractAfter years of pension policy drift in a broader context of global austerity, the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) was enhanced for the first time in 2016 to expand benefits for Canadian workers. This article examines Ontario's central role in these reforms. The deteriorating condition of workplace plans, coupled with rising retirement income insecurity across the province's labour force, generated new sources of negative feedback at the provincial level, fuelling Ontario's campaign for CPP reform beginning in the late 2000s. The political limits of policy drift and layering at the provincial level is considered in relationship to policy making at the national level. As shown, a new period of pension politics emerged in Canada after 2009, in which the historical legacy of CPP's joint governance structure led to a dynamic of “collusive benchmarking,” shaped in large part by political efforts of the Ontario government, leading to CPP enhancement.
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Dobiášová, Karolína, Eva Tušková, Pavla Hanušová, Olga Angelovská, and Monika Ježková. "The Development of Mental Health Policies in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic since 1989." Central European Journal of Public Policy 10, no. 1 (May 1, 2016): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cejpp-2016-0022.
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Abstract The article aims to describe the key events in the development of mental health care policies after 1990 in the two countries and identify the main reasons for stagnation or incremental changes to the institutional setting in the field of mental health care. The process of mental health care reform is explained using the framework of historical institutionalism. The explanation shows that the lack of political interest in combination with the tradition of institutional care resulted in poor availability of psychiatric care, outdated network of inpatient facilities and critical lack of community care facilities in both countries. Even though Slovak Republic adopted national programme at the governmental level, it still struggles with its implementation. The ongoing reform attempt in the Czech Republic may bring some change, thanks to a new approach towards strategic governance of the mental health care system and the mechanism of layering that the promoters of the reform use.
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Fitzpatrick, Esther. "A Story of Becoming: Entanglement, Settler Ghosts, and Postcolonial Counterstories." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 18, no. 1 (September 8, 2017): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708617728954.
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“Ūkaipo,” she tells me. “Your place of contentment.” And there it is—a gift. The gift of a word to story my “belonging” to my place. The gift from my friend, a Māori scholar. The gift of an indigenous Māori word to a Pākehā, the descendent of a colonial New Zealander. I receive this gift as a taonga, a treasure. As a critical autoethnography, this article demonstrates the process of layering the personal story alongside the wider historical and social story, and alongside stories of other peoples, through a Critical Family History. As a strategy of decolonization, the stories are interrogated using critical theory. Cognizant of Smith’s seminal work on decolonizing methodologies, this work illuminates the power dynamics embedded in my family stories and indigenous stories and histories are central to the work. I create a factionalized script drawing on data generated through my critical family history research to provide a coherent story and generate the conditions for deep emotional understandings.
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McLachlan, Christopher J., Robert MacKenzie, and Ian Greenwood. "The Role of the Steelworker Occupational Community in the Internalization of Industrial Restructuring: The ‘Layering Up’ of Collective Proximal and Distal Experiences." Sociology 53, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 916–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038519836850.
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This article explores the relationship between occupational community and restructuring at a UK steelworks. Through historic and contemporary experiences, restructuring has become an internalized feature of the steelworker identity. Zittoun and Gillespie’s framework of proximal and distal experiences is adapted to analyse the internalization process. The article argues that experiential resources associated with restructuring are transmitted via the occupational community, forming a part of a collective memory of workplace change. These experiences relate to the historical precedence of restructuring, the role of trade unions in accepting the inevitability of downsizing and prior personal and vicarious experiences of redundancy. The findings build on debates around the determinants of an occupational community, highlighting the role of ‘marginality’ and how experiences of restructuring bind steelworkers to a broader community of fate.
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Salat, Serge, Loeiz Bourdic, and Françoise Labbe. "BREAKING SYMMETRIES AND EMERGING SCALING URBAN STRUCTURES: A Morphological Tale of 3 Cities: Paris, New York and Barcelona." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 2 (July 12, 2014): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i2.445.
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The challenge of a science of cities is to understand the links between urban morphogenesis, efficiency and resilience. Mathematical regularities emerge in resilient cities, coming from the scale-free properties of complex systems that present the same level of complexity across their different scales. They take the form of inverse power laws that are the « signature » of complexity. In living cities, these mathematical regularities derive from historical layering over millennia (Paris) or from intense market forces (New York). In complex, living and resilient cities, the distribution of elements and connections does not obey Gaussian laws but scale-free inverse power laws. Understanding the universality of this structure which also characterizes natural phenomena and living systems, and which has been violated by modernist city planning, would allow planning more efficient and resilient cities. The paper shows how initial breaks of symmetry fostered the emergence of scale-free structures in Paris and New York, with long-range time correlations, and how a break of symmetry in the spatial layout created a highly differentiated socio-economic structure in Barcelona.
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JUSKA, ARUNAS, and GABRIELE CICIURKAITE. "Older-age care politics, policy and institutional reforms in Lithuania." Ageing and Society 35, no. 4 (January 10, 2014): 725–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x13001037.
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ABSTRACTThis study investigates the dynamics of policy reforms pertaining to care for older adults in post-socialist Lithuania. In the Soviet era social services in Lithuania were in a rudimentary stage of development. By the early 1990s a combination of long-term demographic trends such as ageing, a decline in fertility rates and an increase in divorce rates, and the impact of radical neo-liberal reforms significantly increased the number of older individuals living alone and in poverty. In response, a number of measures were undertaken to reform older-age care, resulting in decentralisation, institutional layering and institutional recalibration of social services. It is argued that the historical legacy has proved to be especially significant in the institutional development of social services by reproducing a State-centred system, although with a growing trend towards the privatisation and marketisation of social care. The role of various organised interests and civic groups, policy makers and international organisations, as well as ideologies and broader sets of cultural values in shaping social services pertaining to the care of older adults are discussed.
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Widodo, Johannes. "Multitude in Cultural Complexities in Asia." SHS Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20184102001.
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The genesis of human settlements is a continuous process of production and layering of patterns, forms and spaces in different scale levels across historical periods. Our urban morphology is the product of the cosmopolitan communities, the articulation of the multi layered tangible and intangible urban traditions and modernization processes. Diversity, eclecticism, fusion, acculturation, adaptation, are the nature of our architecture and urbanism. However, at present, we are in an urgent need to find resolutions to address serious problems posed by the climate change, ideological conflicts, economic greediness, depletion of resources, and social justice. One of an essential elements in humanity is empathy, and this empathy has been anesthetized or lost due to ignorance and greed in almost all aspects of our relationships with others and nature. The design and planning profession and education should reflect on the mistakes that have been created which have caused cultural, social, and environmental issues. We need to reconsider our present practices, i.e., to reflect on, to interrogate and perhaps to present alternatives to our existing pedagogical paradigm.
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Tang, X., K. Luo, and J. Guo. "RADAR-DERIVED INTERNAL LAYERING AND BASAL ROUGHNESS CHARACTERIZATION ALONG A TRAVERSE FROM ZHONGSHAN STATION TO DOME A, EAST ANTARCTICA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2020 (August 21, 2020): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2020-905-2020.
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Abstract. The internal layers of ice sheets from ice-penetrating radar (IPR) investigation preserve critical information about the englacial conditions and ice-flow field. This paper presents a new detailed analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of internal layers and subglacial topography of East Antarctic ice sheet (EAIS) from Zhongshan station to Dome A. Taking the internal layering continuity index (ILCI) and basal roughness as indicators, it provides an opportunity to evaluate the past internal environment and dynamics of ice sheet. The radar data of 1244 km along a traverse between Zhongshan Station and Dome A of EAIS was collected during the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE 29, 2012/2013). Except for the upstream of Lambert Glacier, the patterns of the folds in the internal layers are basically similar to the bed topography. The relatively flat basal topography and the decrease of ILCI with the deepening of the depth provide evidence for identifying previous rapid ice flow areas that the satellite cannot obtain, especially in the upstream of Lambert Glacier. Well continuous internal layers of Dome A almost extend to the bed, with high ILCI and high roughness characteristics. There are three kinds of basal roughness patterns in the whole traverse. The characteristics of the internal layer and basal topography of the traverse between Zhongshan Station and Dome A provide new information for understanding the ancient ice-flow activity and the historical evolution of EAIS.
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Semenov, Petr A. "Some special aspects of the use modal-temporal forms in amatory syllabic poetry of Peter the Great’s era." Neophilology, no. 17 (2019): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-17-21-28.
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The research is aimed at revealing the nature of the grammatical norm of the literary language of the transition period and is dedicated to the memory of Nadezhda Gainullina, my favorite teacher and friend. Nadezhda Ivanovna research interests focused on the literary language of the Peter the Great’s era. The development of loanword vocabulary on the material of “letters and papers of Peter the Great” was devoted to her candidate dissertation and doctoral research, articles and monographs containing a deep understanding of the role and place of Peter the Great in the history of the Russian literary language and revealing the deep meaning of the processes taking place during this period in the literary language and, in particular, the state of the language norm. We comprehend this far from us period of the history of the Russian literary language, which has a special theoretical significance, since it is a literary language of the transition period. We have established that such historical periods provide an opportunity to understand the dialectic development of the literary language, the right to raise the question of the relationship between the critical categories of historical styles as a norm, language usage, style. It is approved that findings, which comes to N.I. Gainullina, have important theoretical value. It is concluded that the proposed N.I. Gainullina understanding of the norms of the transition period can be of theoretical importance not only for the Peter the Great's era, but also for any transition period in the history of any literary language, in particular, for understanding the language situation of our time, which is characterized by a sharp change of cultural and historical paradigms, definitely reflected in the modern Russian language, in the language of our days in the form of multilayered innovative layering on the relatively traditional forms of expression.
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Jevremovic, Ljiljana, Ana Stanojevic, Isidora Djordjevic, and Branko Turnsek. "The redevelopment of military barracks between discourses of urban development and heritage protection: The case study of Nis, Serbia." Spatium, no. 46 (2021): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat2146022j.
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Areas of disused military barracks are commonly exploited as a land resource that is attractive for redevelopment, within the urban city area. Their commercial potential is high on the list of attractiveness, primarily based on the value of the site?s disposition, size, and capacity for redevelopment in terms of rebuilding. Contemporary architectural practice is often directed towards urban redevelopment projects in military areas whose position and other characteristics are valued by investors as crucial commercial benefits. These sites may be places of tangible cultural heritage based on recognized architectural heritage and social memory. The paper presents a comparative study of the redevelopment of two former military barracks in Nis - Bubanjski Heroji and Filip Kljajic. These sites share the same disposition within the city but diverge in terms of their size, historical importance, and discourse of redevelopment. The comparison is presented from four perspectives: planning, built heritage, public perception, and cultural meaning. By examining the transformation of the complexes, the paper aims to perform a critical review which compares the reality of urban transformations in Serbia with the theoretical background and current urban regeneration policies promoted worldwide. This paper exploits the HUL approach, an integrated approach to urban management promoted by UNESCO, by extracting and analyzing four principles: the historical layering of cultural and natural heritage and attributes, dynamic character of urban space, promotion of social diversity, and balanced relation between artificial and natural. The conclusions highlight the difference between the local practices of commercially- and heritage-led redevelopment in order to suggest some improvements for similar redevelopment projects in the future.
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Gottlieb, Stefan Christoffer, and Nicolaj Frederiksen. "Deregulation as socio-spatial transformation: Dimensions and consequences of shifting governmentalities in the Danish construction industry." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 38, no. 3 (August 9, 2019): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654419868465.
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The paper analyses main dimensions and consequences of deregulation in the Danish construction industry. Previous research has often conceptualized deregulation in terms of either the dismantling of states’ regulatory capacity or the layering of initiatives upon existing structures. Using Foucault’s concept of governmentality, we contribute further to this discussion by conceptualizing the process of deregulation as a socio-spatial transformation. This is a complex process of transformative change involving the opening and reconfiguration of institutional spaces. Drawing on an analysis of historical and current developments and changing modes of construction governance in Denmark, we show how the construction sector in the 1940–1960s was rendered governable by disciplinary power in order to achieve national modernization. We then illustrate how the developments since the early 1990s have been moulded in a neoliberal governmentality, with a focus on deregulation and the establishment of free markets. On the basis, we discuss the consequences of a shift in governmentalities, suggesting that new deliberative spaces in the form of mediating and interstitial institutions are likely to be in demand for in order to transgress the bounds of neoliberalism and ensure commitment for alternative development agendas.
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Makeeva, Maria. "Semiotics as an Instrumental Analysis System in the Communication Practice of Premium Brands." Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism 7, no. 3 (July 10, 2018): 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-6203.2018.7(3).504-518.
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The article reviews fundamentally new processes in the field of premium branding which formed under the influence of the global trend of instrumentalization of art. As the consumer community becomes more and more targeted, the mass market model and traditional channels of communication are not sufficient in modern conditions; brands need to develop such communication models that would consistently affect all target audiences, but at the same time point to the specific audience loyal to the brand. There is a need to create new specific communication technologies that develop the brand in the context of the intangible economy and provide an emotional component in relations with the audience groups, bring a symbolic value. In this connection the research of this article is based on the new phenomenon ALBC (Arts-Luxury Brand Collaborations) - which is new in the premium sphere, and expressed in the cooperation of premium brands with contemporary artists in creating both a new luxury product and a creative platform for positioning. In order to gain an insight into the essence of the specific language of the ALBC communication model and read the coded messages - whether it be an advertising mini-movie, a store, a showcase, a collection, a separate model, etc. - it is necessary to determine its essence and understand the internal structure. The new model of communication involves defining new parameters for the brand. The article uses the traditional methods used in semiotics which are presented in the works of F. de Saussure, C. Moriss, C. Pearce, J. Lotman, etc. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ALBC media-communication model in premium brands promoting using some theoretical and methodological fundamentals of semiotics, and to offer an instrumental model of the ALBC code as an integrated model. According to the hypothesis of this article which formed on the theory of connotative and denotative messages of R. Barth, the ALBC model seems to be an independent discourse that incorporates elements from other discourses, in particular from the discourse of art, and forms its code system. The method of "mediarcheological excavations", actively used in media studies, helped to analyze the structure of the ALBC model, to illustrate and analyze the process of discursive layering of historical realities in the context of the proposed model, as well as to shape the author's definition of the ALBC code. There is a conclusion that the ALBC code represents a complex structure of a connotative message based on an unmotivated symbolic sign, has the character of polysemy and possesses such system characteristics as a migratory character, an evolutionary form; is formed owing to discursive layering of historical realities; the goal of creating a new code is an outspoken marketing interest - to attract the consumer, to interest the young audience, to immerse in the brand's atmosphere.
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Mourad, Lama, and Kelsey P. Norman. "Transforming refugees into migrants: institutional change and the politics of international protection." European Journal of International Relations 26, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 687–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354066119883688.
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Since the 2015 refugee “crisis,” much has been made of the distinction between the legal category of refugee and migrant. While migration scholars have accounted for the increased blurring of these two categories through explanations of institutional drift and policy layering, we argue that the intentional policies utilized by states and international organizations to minimize legal avenues for refugees to seek protection should also be considered. We identify four practices of policy “conversion” that have also led to the increasingly problematic distinction between migrants and refugees: (1) limiting access to territory through burden-shifting and other practices of extraterritorialization; (2) limiting access to asylum and local integration through procedural and administrative hindrances; (3) the use of group-based criteria as a basis of exclusion; (4) the inclusion of non-Convention criteria within resettlement schemes. Drawing upon a historical institutionalist approach and a wide array of empirical sources—including 3 years of combined primary field research conducted in Egypt, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey between 2013 and 2016—we demonstrate that states are actively pursuing a greater degree of control over the selection of refugees, in practice making refugee resettlement closer to another immigration track rather than a unique status that compels state responsibility.
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Glivinsky, Valery. "Rethinking Igor Stravinsky historically and theoretically — III." Scientific herald of Tchaikovsky National Music Academy of Ukraine, no. 133 (March 21, 2022): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2522-4190.2022.133.257332.
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The article is a continuation of the author’s reflections on the phenomenon of musical polymorphism (the beginning is in Vol. 124, 2019; the continuation is in Vol. 128, 2020). Stravinsky’s use of the environment, space, motion, dissonance, and Janus morphemes is considered as his inheritance from a tradition dating back to the work of his great predecessors. The musical tableau Sadko by RimskyKorsakov, the introduction Dawn on the Moscow River to Mussorgsky’s Khovanshchina, and Borodin’s symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia are a clear confirmation of this. In Sadko Rimsky-Korsakov reveals himself as the founder of musical polymorphism. The multi-element polymorphism of Mussorgsky’s Dawn on the Moscow River forms the basis of the first tableau in Stravinsky’s Petrushka. In the Steppes of Central Asia is an example of a multi-elemental, polymorphic structure, recreated outside an existing object: a native caravan crossing the desert, guarded by a Russian military detachment. Its stereophonic nature appears in the displacement of the textural elements to the rear and the foreground, their spatial compression or expansion, changes to the acoustic volume, sound coloration. Introductory violins octave unison in In the Steppes of Central Asia displays its hidden timbre-polyphonic nature. In the historical perspective, this compositional discovery by Borodin foreshadows a similar approach in Stravinsky’s musical language. The timbrical layering of the unison can be traced in Dances of the Young Girls from The Rite of Spring, The Lullaby in the Storm from The Fairy’s Kiss. The rhythmic ostinato features of Rimsky-Korsakov’s and Borodin’s scores are developed by Stravinsky to the elaborated part of his musical language. The structures with more or less constant, exact repetitions are used in The Rite of Spring, Three Tales for Children, Three Pieces for String Quartet, The Soldier’s Tale, The Wedding, Symphony of Psalms.
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Angsukanjanakul, Jetsalid, and Duangkamon Chantararatmanee. "Public Welfare Management that Affects the Livelihoods of the Elderly." Webology 18, Special Issue 04 (September 30, 2021): 1213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18si04/web18193.
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An increasingly aging society every year, but the government agencies have welfare policies for the elderly that are not enough to sustain their livelihoods. This research aims 1) to study the priority of public welfare management affecting the livelihoods of the elderly, 2) to study the influence of health welfare and social welfare on the livelihoods of the elderly. Using an integrated research methodology Quantitative Research, the sample includes elderly people over the age of 60. Sampling by layering method, the sample size was 20 times that of the variable, with 11 variables, a sample of at least 220 people, to comply with the analytical techniques and data accuracy, and to prevent loss, the researchers collected data from 400 samples, analyzing data using historical statistics and structural equation analysis. Qualitative research instruments are semi-structured interviews from 15 key informants. The results showed that 1) Public sector welfare management that affects the livelihoods of the elderly is of great importance 2) Key factors influencing the livelihoods of the elderly, sort of: health benefits, economic welfare, and social welfare. The findings are useful to the Department of Geriatrics to propose appropriate guidelines for public sector welfare for the elderly. Government policies must be implemented to build a lifetime of learning capacity. It emphasizes the development of the elderly to have the ability to be self-reliant.
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Furlan, Raffaello, and Attilio Petruccioli. "AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR MIDDLE INCOME EXPATS IN QATAR: STRATEGIES FOR IMPLEMENTING LIVABILITY AND BUILT FORM." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 3 (November 28, 2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i3.1033.
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Qatar is making large investments for the development of the urban fabric and public transport systems of Doha (i.e. the Msheireb downtown Doha, the Doha metro, and the Lusail light rail transit). It has also already been publicly announced that the population has undergone markedly faster growth over the past few years. According to data from the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics (MDPS), the population grew over 5% each year, between 2008 and 2013 and then 12.5% between December 2012 and November 2013 (2.05 m). This large increase in the population growth is the result of expatriate workers arriving to Qatar for the construction of new infrastructure and buildings underway in advance of the 2022 World Cup. A massive influx of foreign labor, namely another half-million blue-collar workers, technicians, and managers, is expected to be recruited. Also, due to the fast growth of the population, real estate agencies highlighted the need to build more affordable housing in Doha. This paper argues that, for the construction of residential complexes in the Islamic city of Doha, livability and integration of new developments within the existing urban fabric are criteria to be evaluated and considered. A method centered on the interpretation of the pre-existent context is proposed: the old urban fabric is a source of generative ideas and design principles, which are embedded into the historical layering of design concepts.
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Appleton, Naomi. "A place for the Bodhisatta: The local and the universal in jātaka stories." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2007.1.3748.
Full textAbstract:
Oxford UniversityJātakas—stories about the past lives of the ‘historical’ Buddha—are often associated with specific locations, both within the land of Buddhism’s birth, and in other parts of Asia. There are records suggesting that such locations became early pilgrimage sites; contemporary sources also make reference to ‘local’ jātakas, which in many cases help to assimilate Buddhism into the local culture through its geography. In this article I will argue that it is the structure of jātaka stories that allows this localisation to take place all over Asia. I contend that since the jātakas themselves are lacking in specific external referents they can easily be given a location, whilst their framing in the ‘present’ time of the Buddha’s teaching career grounds the stories in both time and place, without infringing on the flexibility of the individual stories. This ability to provide centrally legitimated relevance for each and all contributes greatly to the popularity and endurance of the jātaka genre. The layering of meanings must remain if the stories are to accomplish this: if the stories become formally localised, for example by 19th century scholars who celebrate the jātakas’ worth as records of life in early India, the power of the stories to transcend boundaries of time and place for their multiple audiences is lost. Yet if the jātakas were not anchored in the Buddha’s teaching career in the 5th century BCE North India, their significance for Buddhists would in any case be negligible.