Academic literature on the topic 'Historical Layering'
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Journal articles on the topic "Historical Layering"
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Mitchell, Jack. "William Morris' Synthetic Aeneids: Virgil as Physical Object." Translation and Literature 24, no. 1 (March 2015): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2015.0181.
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William Morris' Aeneid translation of 1875 (The Aeneids of Virgil) is today criticized for its archaism and anachronism; it ought rather to be read as a deliberate layering of historical periods in the reception of the Roman epic. This strategy of historical layering is paralleled in Morris' other Aeneid project of the early 1870s, an original illuminated vellum codex of the poem in Latin, which also telescopes the historical trajectory of the source text by the layering of historical styles and details. Morris' translation should be understood as a similarly ambitious, if more democratic, attempt to create a ‘cumulative’ Aeneid.
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Rudakov, Igor. "Tendencies of labor content changes at different stages of historical development." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 58, no. 4 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880023014-4.
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The article investigates how the main characteristics of labor activity are manifested during different stages of historical development. The authors propose to classify labor activity by four labor relations layering directions: free and bonded labor, prestigious and ordinary types of activity, skilled and unskilled labor, creative and routine labor. The main approaches to history periodization were analyzed and presented on a unified time scale. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, a generalized approach to the history periodization is proposed. For each historical period the manifestation of labor relations layering directions is shown: how they are manifested, how this manifestation changes from period to period, how labor activity is distributed within these characteristics. The visualization of how the labor relations layering directions manifest themselves at different historical stages of the proposed periodization is presented. The conclusion is made that the differentiation of labor has a wave-like character; the identified labor relations layering directions are manifested practically at all periods of history of economic activity, they change in different directions and interrelated with each other; creative and skilled labor relations layering types reflect the process of new technologies introduction; labor differentiation increases during the periods of technological revolutions.
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Teng, Youping, Shuai Yang, and Yue Huang. "Structural features of the streetscape of Macau across four different spatial scales based on historical maps." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 12, 2021): e0258086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258086.
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In the analysis of complex historical layering, studies on how to avoid theoretical analysis and use quantitative methods of display and analysis are scarce. Therefore, we used space syntax to fill this gap in historical layering analysis. We established a spatial digital model by combining the urban historical landscape theory with the space syntax analysis method. Then, we quantitatively analysed the streetscapes in the four historical periods of Macau and the value-related development of the city’s economy, society, and culture. To this end, we used the theory of urban historical landscape to interpret the streetscape of Macau. We reviewed urban development under different spatial scales, which represent different states of historical layering. Changing ideological trends of construction have induced changes in the city, which have led to changes in the city style. The analysis considers the dimensions of space and time, and its results can guide the continued benign growth of the urban landscape and solve protection problems in practice. Meanwhile, the results of this work also indicate that the unique streetscape of Macau bred by the development of the city does not affect the newly constructed roads. The newly reclaimed areas and the streetscape of the new city are on the verge of homogeneity and cannot reflect the unique regional characteristics of Macau. Therefore, we used the historical map of Macau as a carrier, used space syntax to analyse the structure of Macau’s streetscape, and explored the apparent characteristics and value associations carried by the streetscape of Macau under different historical slices. Our results can help retrieve the value of Macau’s historical streetscape and devise a targeted protection strategy that can help pass on the historical streetscape of Macau to posterity.
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Witzel, Michael. "Moving Targets? Texts, language, archaeology and history in the Late Vedic and early Buddhist periods." Indo-Iranian Journal 52, no. 2-3 (2009): 287–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/001972409x12562030836859.
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AbstractThe Late Vedic and earliest Buddhist texts are investigated to indicate their relative historical layering. Besides the texts themselves, their language, place names, archaeological and inherent historical background are brought to bear. These data and those on some historical contemporaries of the Buddha do not indicate a correlation with late Vedic personalities and texts. A certain period of time separates both corpora.
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Claire, Lovell, and Kibbee Robert. "Layering Historical Maps and Census Data for Interactive Visualizations in HistoryForge." Archiving Conference 2021, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2168-3204.2021.1.0.5.
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HistoryForge (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://historyforge.net">https://historyforge.net</ext-link>) is a web application that combines information from U.S. Census records, historical maps, and other records in an interactive framework of human and spatial relationships that illustrate what communities looked like and how they evolved over time. It generates an environment that invites a study of local history at the levels of neighborhood, family, and individual. HistoryForge is being developed using open source software so that any community can adopt it to explore their own local history and add archival material. This paper will describe the project's development, growing potential for enriching records with archival material, and its current implementation in four different communities. The rapid development of the last year has been supported by a two-year grant from the Public Engagement with Historical Records from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission of the National Archives.
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Parrado, Salvador. "Failed policies but institutional innovation through “layering” and “diffusion” in Spanish central administration." International Journal of Public Sector Management 21, no. 2 (February 29, 2008): 230–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09513550810855672.
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PurposeThis paper aims to show that the Spanish central administration, as a representative of the Napoleonic tradition, has undergone considerable managerial changes in non‐autonomous and semi‐autonomous agencies characterised by their direct involvement in service delivery in spite of the failure of macro‐changes and radical reforms of public administration.Design/methodology/approachThis paper provides case studies of “paths” of changes in three organisations.FindingsThrough “layering” and “diffusion” of institutions as social mechanisms included in the historical new institutionalism account for innovation, specific organisations like the tax agency, social security and property registry have become more managerial in a state dominated by public law.Research limitations/implicationsMore in‐depth case studies would make possible generalisation of how small changes can produce similar impacts or results than reform efforts at the macro‐level.Originality/valueThe use of historical neo‐institutionalism and the exam of mechanisms as “layering” and “diffusion” for explaining change is presented.
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Hall, Sara F. "Babylon Berlin: Pastiching Weimar cinema." Communications 44, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 304–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/commun-2019-2061.
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AbstractCentered on Richard Dyer’s model of pastiche, this essay posits that the German television series Babylon Berlin engages in a unique and timely practice of cultural reproduction shaped by a specific combination of historical subject matter and the present media-historical moment. Through digital effects, narrational layering, and multivalent location choices, Babylon Berlin pastiches Weimar cinema, and self-consciously invites comparisons between the so-called golden age of German cinema and the present. It activates cinephilic recall, establishes an intermedial dialogue between analog and digital forms, and affectively engenders a historically oriented conversation about the fragility of modern democracy in the Brexit/Trump era. The cultural work of pastiche it performs warrants the series’ inclusion in the conversation around the European remake.
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Yenter, Timothy. "Historical Knowledge as Self-Understanding in the Films of Whit Stillman." Film and Philosophy 26 (2022): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/filmphil2021111813.
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Whit Stillman’s films depict characters attempting to gain relevant knowledge of their historical situation so that they can shape their lives. Through an analysis of scenes from each of Stillman’s films, this essay demonstrates that historical knowledge is presented as a kind of self-understanding in the films. That historical knowledge is useful for gaining control over one’s future as well as for properly evaluating one’s life reveals a philosophically interesting approach to self-knowledge. Stillman’s complex approach of layering contexts further suggests an elusive account of the self.
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Siegfried, Susan L. "Layering historical time: Amelia Opie’s “Recollections of a Visit to Paris in 1802”." Nineteenth-Century Contexts 42, no. 3 (May 26, 2020): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905495.2020.1773110.
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Bleich, Erik. "Historical Institutionalism and Judicial Decision-Making." World Politics 70, no. 1 (November 29, 2017): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043887117000272.
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This article integrates insights from different veins of historical institutionalism to offer an analytical framework that specifies how ideas, institutions, and actors account for key aspects of judicial decision-making, including change over time. To the extent that ideas are widely distributed, highly salient, and stable among actors in the judicial field, they can affect patterns of rulings in a particular issue area. The distribution, salience, and stability of norms, however, may change over time for reasons embedded in the institutional structures themselves. Existing policies, laws, or treaties create the potential for new actors to enter the judicial field through processes that theorists of institutional change have identified as intercurrence, displacement, conversion, layering, and drift. New actors can shift the relative salience of ideas already rooted in the judicial field. This ideational salience amplification can alter patterns of judicial decision-making without the fundamental and often costly battles involved in wholesale paradigm change. French high court hate speech decisions provide the context for the development of this framework and serve to illustrate the dynamic. The author uses evidence from an original dataset of every ruling by the French Court of Cassation regarding racist hate speech from 1972 through 2012 to explain the varying propensity of the high court to restrict speech that targets majorities compared to minorities.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historical Layering"
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Redfern, Rachel Yvette. "Layering the March: E. L. Doctorow's Historical Fiction." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2229.
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E.L. Doctorow implements ideas of intertextuality and metafiction in his 2007 novel, The March, which is most notably apparent through its resemblance to the 1939 film, Gone with the Wind. Using Michel de Certeau's theory of spatial stories and Linda Hutcheon's of historiographic metafiction, this thesis discusses the layering of Doctorow's The March from the film seen in the character of Pearl from the novel and Scarlett from the film and Selznick's version of the burning of Atlanta and Doctorow's burning of Columbia.
Books on the topic "Historical Layering"
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Bakka, Egil. Springar and pols: Variation, dialect and age : pilot project on the methodology for determining traditions structures and historical layering of old Norwegian couple dances. Trondheim: Rådet for folkemusikk og folkedans, Rff Center, 1995.
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Newman, Abraham L. Sequencing, Layering, and Feedbacks in Global Regulation. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.38.
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From banking standards to data privacy, regulation has entered the lexicon of international affairs. Unlike trade or currencies, however, there are few formal treaty-based international organizations resolving disputes or setting the rules for the world. Instead, global regulation is frequently shaped by informal networks of regulators or at times by the extraterritorial extension of domestic law by large markets. Drawing on work from historical institutionalism, this chapter argues that the global politics of regulation is in important respects the product of domestic and international institutions interacting over time and across space. In developing three mechanisms—relative sequencing, cross-national layering, and transnational feedbacks —the chapter argues that historical institutionalism helps address lacunae in extant approaches to global regulation.
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Vajda, Edward J. Patterns of Innovation and Retention in Templatic Polysynthesis. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.21.
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Polysynthetic verb morphology can be extraordinarily complex, with interacting subsystems arranged in phonological and morphological layers, some of which are more readily transparent on the synchronic level. Historical-linguistic comparisons demonstrate that this type of structure can be surprisingly persistent across time, with slow phonological attrition being one of the primary causal agents. Metathesis and reanalysis of morphemes and morpheme positions was also noted as an important agent of change. This chapter examines what is known about the historical layering of two distinct, but possibly genealogically related prefixing verb morphologies: Yeniseian and Athabaskan, both of which have developed different strategies of expressing agreement with subjects and objects, layering these grammatical markers between lexical morphemes and markers of tense–mood–aspect. Phonological fusing of certain sets of adjacent markers renders the pre-root portions of both morphological templates particularly challenging for assigning morpheme glosses. Historical reasons for this evolution are identified and assessed.
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Schickler, Eric, and Ruth Bloch Rubin. Congress and American Political Development. Edited by Richard Valelly, Suzanne Mettler, and Robert Lieberman. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697915.013.27.
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While early works in American political development (APD) incorporated congressional actors in accounts of state-building, policymaking, and social reform, there is a growing body of historically oriented scholarship that places the institution of Congress front and center. We highlight three major streams of contemporary congressional research that engage with APD. The first analyzes the development of congressional institutions, often drawing upon concepts of path dependence and layering to understand the presence or absence of change in legislative operations. Second, several important studies of state-building and policy development highlight the role of congressional actors in driving—or blocking—critical political and social reforms. Finally, new datasets that track congressional elections and roll call voting over long time spans have given rise to a growing literature that uses historical evidence to test contemporary theories of legislative behavior. We close with a discussion of the contributions and pitfalls of using historical evidence in this way.
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St John, Taylor. International Officials and the Rise of ISDS. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789918.003.0002.
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This chapter builds a new explanation for the rise of ISDS, drawing on the theoretical tradition of historical institutionalism. It begins with a general discussion of the promise of historical institutionalism, focusing on preferences and unintended consequences. The second section introduces the concept of critical juncture and argues that international officials can determine the outcome of a critical juncture, if certain conditions are met. The chapter specifies these conditions as well as motivations, resources, and strategies of international officials. The third section turns to gradual institutional development, and introduces feedback effects, layering, and conversion as mechanisms that help us understand how institutional structure can be reproduced while simultaneously entailing novel institutional purposes and unintended consequences.
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Patterson, Jessica Lee. Contemporary Buddhism and Iconography. Edited by Michael Jerryson. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199362387.013.8.
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This chapter examines the historical usage of the term “iconography,” how Erwin Panofsky (1892–1968) developed it into a fundamental method of art historical analysis, and considers the applications of this method to the contemporary study of Buddhist art. It explores the broad range of signification of the term “icon,” and contends that the polysemic potential of images matches that of words, which can complicate attempts to oversimplify the relationship between iconography and identity. Various possibilities for compound layering, slippage, or disjunction between iconography and identity are enumerated, using examples from Buddhist art. It concludes that the iconography of contemporary Buddhist is poised between regional developments and broader global trends, manifesting in imaginative innovations and the creative adaptation or revival of earlier forms.
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Labrador, Roderick N. Overlapping Architectures. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038808.003.0002.
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This chapter uses the Filipino Community Center as the primary analytical site to suggest that through the physical building itself, Filipinos discursively construct identity territorializations that map out a collective sense of place and a sense of self along political economic and ideological coordinates. The Filipino Community Center represents overlapping architectures, a type of historical and political economic layering whereby the contemporary late capitalist, transnational world anchored to a multiculturalist ideology is built on top of the industrial plantation-based agri-capitalist system dependent on the racialization of its workers, which itself is constructed on top of an indigenous, communal land rights-based mode of production. In other words, the Filipino Community Center depends on the so-called “sakada story,” a narrative of development that positions indigeneity (represented as the Hawaiian past), racialization (depicted as the exploitation of Asian and Hawaiian labor during the plantation era), and multiculturalism (portrayed as the contemporary period of liberal inclusion in which the various racial and ethnic groups share power) in a linear historical progression that corresponds with changes in Hawaiʻi's political economy and modes of production. In this way, the completion of the Filipino Community Center embodies a settler Filipino developmental narrative in which Waipahu (and by extension, Hawaiʻi) is constructed and claimed as a Filipino “home”.
Book chapters on the topic "Historical Layering"
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Vincent, Nigel, and Max W. Wheeler. "Layering and divergence in Romance periphrases." In Periphrasis and Inflexion in Diachrony, 93–122. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198870807.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the place of Hopper’s classic concepts of layering and divergence within grammaticalization, concentrating on form rather than content. It explores the development of grammaticalized verbs in a number of Romance languages, beginning with a detailed study of the variant forms deriving from Latin HABERE ‘have’, and demonstrates how their distribution at different historical stages reflects the morphomic structure of the paradigm but does not exhibit any systematic correlation between changes in form and function. The chapter then moves on to patterns of suppletion with GO verbs, with particular reference to Catalan and the formal alternations displayed there between lexical and grammatical uses. Returning to reflexes of HABERE, we examine an alternative diachronic sequence in some northern Italian dialects, in which rather than auxiliary uses being reduced it is forms of the main verb which are reinforced by the incorporation of a clitic. Finally, we consider developments in some southern Italian dialects where the grammaticalized verbs—in this case GO and STAND—rather than being the exponents of grammatical categories such as person and number, as is usual for auxiliaries, lose their inflexions and come to serve as temporal/aspectual prefixes. The chapter concludes by underscoring the potential independence of changes in form and function and the role of the morphome as a factor in stabilizing such formal patterns as may have developed.
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Hansen, Gail, and Joseli Macedo. "History of Nature in Cities." In Urban Ecology for Citizens and Planners, 157–67. University Press of Florida, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9781683402527.003.0015.
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Nature has influenced the form and function of cities from the time of the first human settlements, where geology, hydrology, and vegetation helped create the infrastructure needed for cities. Early historical records of nature in cities comes from paintings of idealized gardens and parks that established the aesthetic preferences evident today. Important historical phenomena that influenced nature in cities include the invention of irrigation, the concept of collecting and arranging plants to create gardens, and perceptions of nature that have shaped landscape styles to fit humans need for nature. Three approaches to recognizing history includes the restoration of historic human-made green spaces, using historic ecology such as original hydrology patterns to inform design, and layering historic ecology and present-day ecology with cultural needs for modern urban life.
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Yeo, Andrew. "Asia’s Regional Architecture." In Asia's Regional Architecture, 1–24. Stanford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503608443.003.0001.
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This chapter presents a new theoretical framework for understanding the development of Asia’s regional architecture. Drawing on historical institutionalism, the chapter discusses how endogenous processes of change, as well as mechanisms of continuity, have produced a layering of bilateral, trilateral, mini-lateral, and multilateral institutions in Asia. The chapter also discusses the limitations of theories of rational institutional design, and the role ideas and institutions play in shaping actors’ choices.
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David Evan, Richard. "(Re-)Mediating Memory’s Materiality." In Film Phenomenology and Adaptation. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463722100_ch05.
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Adaptation criticism may begin as an act of memory, but while adaptation is a medium for memory it is also a medium of memory. This chapter considers adaptation as a form of memory work, paralleling adaptation’s textual layering with memory’s layering of experience. Adaptations can offer us experiential knowledge of the past—either fictional texts or a historical ‘truth’—or be antagonistic or self-reflexive about its formal remembrance. This chapter examines phenomenological approaches to the ‘tissue’ of memory and puts them in contact with two adaptations (one prestige, one arthouse), both concerned with the experience of marginalized bodies. In doing so, this chapter not only asks ‘what texts are remembered?’, or ‘who is remembered?’, but also questions ‘how are stories, identities, and lives remembered?’. In doing so, this chapter points to how an embodied approach to adaptation not only involves aesthetic appreciation but also ethical understanding.
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Amoruso, Giuseppe. "The Image of Historic Urban Landscapes." In Geospatial Research, 344–72. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9845-1.ch014.
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According to the UNESCO 2011 - Recommendations on the Historic Urban Landscapes, the historic urban landscape (HUL) is the urban area understood as the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending the “historic center” concept to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting. Representation of historical environments, documenting their typological components as a pattern book (landscape, architecture, textures, materials, and color), is devised to encourage a strategy of valorization. Explanation of landscapes' values through its benchmarking, consists of several mapping actions and adoption of tools: 3D modelling, environmental mapping, places representation. The chapter presents a strategic process based on local character assessment through a place-visualizing toolkit from documentation and color representation to design coding: visualization of landscape' values and multimedia survey pipelines implementing processes, methods and tools for the narration of tangible values and intangible assets.
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Amoruso, Giuseppe. "The Image of Historic Urban Landscapes." In Advances in Geospatial Technologies, 550–78. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-8379-2.ch019.
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According to the UNESCO 2011 - Recommendations on the Historic Urban Landscapes, the historic urban landscape (HUL) is the urban area understood as the result of a historic layering of cultural and natural values and attributes, extending the “historic center” concept to include the broader urban context and its geographical setting. Representation of historical environments, documenting their typological components as a pattern book (landscape, architecture, textures, materials, and color), is devised to encourage a strategy of valorization. Explanation of landscapes' values through its benchmarking, consists of several mapping actions and adoption of tools: 3D modelling, environmental mapping, places representation. The chapter presents a strategic process based on local character assessment through a place-visualizing toolkit from documentation and color representation to design coding: visualization of landscape' values and multimedia survey pipelines implementing processes, methods and tools for the narration of tangible values and intangible assets.
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Perman, Tony. "Early Morning." In Signs of the Spirit, 179–210. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043253.003.0007.
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In its analysis of young zvaayungu spirits, the chapter looks to the future and the possibility of forming new habits and semiotic domains. Zvaayungu only emerged after Zimbabwe achieved independence in 1980. Their status and identity are ambiguous and contested, but they participate in local engagements with modernity, the stakes of which have yet to be fully understood or realized. The chapter explores the semiotic continuity that shapes how events in the future might unfold as communities strive to flourish, addressing how semiotic instability can shape new realities. The modern becomes historical in the zvaayungu, and thus negotiable. The intersection of progressive time and the historical layering of the ceremony challenges the totalizing implications of progress implicit in discourses of modernity.
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McCabe, Susan. "Inconvenient Marriages & Wanderlust." In H. D. & Bryher, 114–29. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190621223.003.0009.
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This chapter explores the formation of Contact Press, McAlmon publishing his own work as well as other avant-garde writers in Paris. Bryher quickly became bored with McAlmon’s café and drug life in Berlin, and he resented writing Lady Ellerman about their whereabouts. Meeting Sylvia Beach and Gertrude Stein redeemed the inconvenient marriage for Bryher. Bryher established H.D., her mother and aunt, and Perdita at Riant Chateau in Switzerland. The couple fell in love with film through Joyless Street. H.D.’s mother, H.D., and Bryher traveled to Egypt just after Tutankhamun’s tomb was opened. Working on Palimpsest, a poetic and historical novel, layering several time periods, H.D. worried Aldington plotted divorce. After her divorce, Gregg returned to the scene. Spurned by a young illustrator, Kenneth Macpherson, she sent him to H.D. Bryher divorced McAlmon, marrying Macpherson to adopt Perdita, easing H.D.’s terror of a paternity claim.
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Pearson, Roger. "Poetry in the City." In The Beauty of Baudelaire, 406–33. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843319.003.0019.
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This chapter discusses the poetic treatment of melancholy and time in ‘Tableaux parisiens’. It situates this section within the revised structure of the 1861 Les Fleurs du Mal and presents its ‘urban eclogues’ as cityscapes of melancholy. Following an analysis of ‘Paysage’, it argues that, for Baudelaire, Paris represents less the alienation caused by Second Empire capitalism than a symbolic city of ‘le Mal’: a nightmarish metropolis of damaged human beings and existential ill-being, a place of flux and disintegration. Coming directly after ‘L’Horloge’, these poems (arranged to suggest a twenty-four-hour cycle) transform the one-way river of Time into a two-way thoroughfare of personal, historical, and cultural memory (‘Andromaque, je pense à vous’) that permits an enriching layering of experience: the clear perspective of a ‘double present’ of remembering and writing (‘Le Cygne’, ‘Les Petites Vieilles’) with which to counter the blurred ‘double vision’ of a repetitive present (‘Les Sept Vieillards’).
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Sweeney, David. "The OA and the Real World." In The OA, 73–86. Liverpool University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781800859425.003.0006.
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As discussed in previous chapters, The OA functions as an example of what Robin Nelson terms ‘critical realism’ in its use of elements of, as Lacey Hodges describes them, the ‘marginalized genres’ (1998: 231) of horror, science fiction and fantasy to create ‘fictional narratives based on specific aspects of the historical world’ (Nelson, 1997: 113). This chapter addresses the most significant of these ‘specific aspects’ drawn upon by Marling and Batmanglij for the series, including not only two real world instances of unlawful imprisonment – of Elizabeth Smart and Elizabeth Fritzl -similar to the ordeal experienced by Prairie Johnson but also the Augmented Reality Game The Jejune Institute and the ‘semi-documentary’ about it, The Institute, both of which blur the boundaries between fact and fiction, anticipating, and perhaps inspiring, the layering of realities presented in the final episode of The OA, a trope which would, presumably, have been developed further had the series not been cancelled.
Conference papers on the topic "Historical Layering"
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Hampton, Thomas J., Mohamed El-Mandouh, Stevan Weber, Tirth Thaker, K. Patel, Barclay Macaul, and Jim Erdle. "Comparing Steam Flood Analytical and Simulation Models ~ Strengths and Limitations." In SPE Western Regional Meeting. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205369-ms.
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Abstract Mathematical Models are needed to aid in defining, analyzing, and quantifying solutions to design and manage steam floods. This paper discusses two main modeling methods – analytical and numerical simulation. Decisions as to which method to use and when to use them, requires an understanding of assumptions used, strengths, and limitations of each method. This paper presents advantages and disadvantages through comparison of analytical vs simulation when reservoir characterization becomes progressively more complex (dip, layering, heterogeneity between injector/producer, and reservoir thickness).While there are many analytical models, three analytical models are used for this paper:Marx & Langenheim, Modified Neuman, and Jeff Jones.The simulator used was CMG Stars on single pattern on both 5 Spot and 9 Spot patterns and Case 6 of 9 patterns, 5-Spot. Results were obtained using 6 different cases of varying reservoir properties based on Marx & Langenheim, Modified Neuman, and Jeff Jones models.Simulation was also done on each of the 6 cases, using Modified Neuman steam rates and then on Jeff Jones Steam rates using 9-Spot and 5-Spot patterns.This was done on predictive basis on inputs provided, without adjusting or history matching on analog or historical performance.Optimization runs using Particle Swarm Optimization was applied on one case in minimizing SOR and maximize NPV. Conclusion from comparing cases is that simulation is needed for complex geology, heterogeneity, and changes in layering. Also, simulation can be used for maximizing economics using AI based optimization tool. While understanding limitations, the analytical models are good for quick looks such as screening, scoping design, some surveillance, and for conceptual understanding of basic steam flood on uniform geologic properties. This paper is innovative in comparison of analytical models and simulation modeling.Results that quantify differences of oil rate, SOR, and injection rates (Neuman and Jeff Jones) impact on recovery factors is presented.
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Carlino, Andrea, Ann Helen Muggeridge, and Philip Craig Smalley. "Rapid Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Stored in CO2 EOR Operations for Screening Purposes." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209432-ms.
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Abstract We describe the development, testing, and first application of a rapid method for estimating the CO2 storage potential associated with CO2 enhanced oil recovery in both secondary and tertiary modes. The new method builds on various published empirical models for predicting incremental oil recovery (and hence CO2 storage) in solvent floods. It improves the representation of reservoir heterogeneity caused by depositional layering and fracturing. This is then combined with material balance to make site-specific estimates of the CO2 storage potential. We cross-checked predictions from the new method against historical field data for major onshore CO2 floods with satisfactory results considering the very approximate nature of the estimation. We then applied the method to a selection of offshore oil reservoirs and found that, generally, the larger the remaining oil, which is a function of initial size and current recovery factor, the greater the CO2 storage potential. We also modelled the case of continued injection after ceasing oil production at, or after, CO2 breakthrough and observed that, as expected, the amount of CO2 stored at breakthrough depends on how early this occurs, which is affected by reservoir heterogeneity, whereas continued injection is limited by the headroom between current reservoir pressure and fracture pressure. The overall storage is the result of the interplay between these two mechanisms. In the studied fields/reservoirs, we demonstrated that large amounts of CO2 can be stored in terms of absolute mass and that storage of these quantities would represent significant abatement of the emissions generated by burning the incremental oil. The new method can be used as a screening tool to identify and rank candidate oil fields for combined CO2 enhanced oil recovery and storage in regional, national, or corporate portfolios.
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Breen, Mark A., Judith A. Schneider, D. Keith Walters, and Louay Chamra. "Modifying the Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Residential Oven to Promote Favorable Baking Results." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59638.
Full textAbstract:
Baking has historically been a trial and error method of cooking. Little research has been conducted to determine the heat transfer characteristics that promote good baking results, and previous research studies have focused on commercial baking applications and the quantities of radiation, convection and conduction that are delivered to the food after a favorable baking process has been defined. The objective of the present work is to experimentally explore the feasibility of modifying a residential oven to mimic commercial baking products. The first step in the solution process was to define the thermo-physical conditions that promote favorable baking results. Next, by defining the current residential oven’s baking characteristics through experimentation, the optimal geometric and material properties were determined. Experimentation included single thermocouple testing, multiple thermocouple testing, and ‘bake’ testing. It was found that a stacked wall structure created by layering various materials in a sandwich like configuration, placed between the lower resistive heating element and the oven cavity, improved the heat transfer characteristics of the oven.
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Saeedi, Azin. "Community Participation in Conservation Proposals of Islamic Pilgrimage Sites." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4025pfdgv.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing pressure on urban landscapes surrounding Islamic pilgrimage sites to accommodate growing numbers of pilgrims. Recent developments have responded to this issue with comprehensive clearance of historic urban landscapes, constructing grand open spaces and dislocating local residents. The traditional expansion of Islamic pilgrimage sites was characterised by a layering of interconnected structures with continuous functions that merged gradually over time into the surrounding landscape. The rift between the traditional urban growth and the recent expansion approach across the Muslim world is inconsistent with international developments that seek to incorporate sustainable development into urban heritage conservation. To achieve sustainability, developments should meet intergenerational equity and protect the interests of stakeholders including the community. Literature has established two operational characteristics for sustainable development that helps gauging the extent to which it is integrated into practice: Stakeholder participation and strategic planning. Participatory processes create shared visons among stakeholders and facilitate long-term directions. However, in non-Western contexts where decision-making power and financial control reside in the central state, participation is either considered a threat to the state or its potential benefit is unrecognised. This paper argues where conservation objectives are determined by experts in isolation from the community’s interests, the plans fail to be achieved. This will be demonstrated by undertaking a comparative analysis of conservation proposals prepared by international heritage experts for Islamic pilgrimage sites of Mecca, Medina, Kāzimayn and Shiraz. Visited by millions of pilgrims annually, the four sites have similar clearance and expansion patterns. This paper analyses the extent of community participation integrated into these proposals as one of the significant operational dimensions of sustainable development and a crucial link that enhances strategic planning. Finally, by reflecting on site specifics and social methods, this paper recommends participatory methods to enhance community engagement.
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Donald, J. Adam, Erik Wielemaker, Chris Holmes, and Tom Neville. "WELLSITE FULL WAVEFORM SONIC INTERPRETATION." In 2021 SPWLA 62nd Annual Logging Symposium Online. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2021-0022.
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Sonic data are now acquired in most wellbores for a variety of applications including seismic tie, porosity evaluation, lithology determination, fracture detection, gas detection, and geomechanics modeling. The industry is also more aware of the impacts of intrinsic (fractures, layering), extrinsic (stress), and borehole effects that may affect the basic measurements of compressional and shear slownesses. Any advanced interpretation of sonic data has historically been done days to weeks after the acquisition, and the value of the measurement can be diminished due to the time of delivery of the final product. An updated data-driven inversion algorithm applied while logging can provide robust shear and compressional slownesses with associated quality control indicators. The updated algorithm has fewer user parameters and is more reliable in layered, stressed, or damaged formations. Processing quality is determined using the coherency of the measured signal and an industry-standard rock physics model for theoretical validation. With the updated dipole shear inversion and more flexible dipole anisotropy frequency filters, the dipole shear anisotropy processing can deliver reliable results at the wellsite. A byproduct of the new dipole shear inversion algorithm is the environmental slowness that is used to optimally fit the dipole dispersion signal. The interpretation of the environmental slowness parameter can indicate the anisotropy mechanism in addition to zones of near-wellbore alteration to provide further insight immediately. The wellsite dipole shear inversion and anisotropy processing were run on a vertical well in eastern Australia, within a stacked tight gas sand reservoir that requires hydraulic fracturing. The main application of the sonic data was reliable slownesses as input to stress modeling for designing the stimulation, but the direction of the maximum horizontal stresses within the clastic gas-filled zones was also required. The dipole shear inversion results were able to handle various lithologies and hole conditions, as well as identify vertical transverse isotropy (VTI) anisotropic shale intervals between the horizontally stressed sand zones.