Journal articles on the topic 'Historical, comparative and typological linguistics'
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1
Iliadi, Alexander. "IRANO — SLAVICA: HISTORICAL-WORD-BUILDING PARALLELS." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-9.
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The paper deals with the findings of the research dedicated to the study of word-building in the Iranian and Slavonic languages in the comparativehistorical aspect. The task of the article was comparative analysis of Iranian and Slavonic lexemes with common Indo-European roots in diachrony and synchrony. Particularly, their etymology and peculiarities of functioning have been reviewed. In the course of the research the hypothesis of the common Indo-European legacy for word-building of the two language groups (Iranian and Slavonic) has been proved. At the same time the evidence for the common innovations for the age of Slavonic and Iranian contacts has been found. The prototypes and derivatives have been analyzed in detail with the selection of typologically common and specific linguistic features of derivation. The methodology of this research involved the inductive and deductive methods, the method of contrastive analysis and ethnic methodological conversation analysis. The analyzed word-building parallels and the conclusions are of great relevance for both comparative and historic and general linguistics. Comparativistics also employs the typological reference point. It is not only the presence of morphologically identical and chronologically similar complexes (combinations of morphemes) in two typologically not distant languages that is important. There should also be typological similarity of the processes of the word structure modification in case one and the same element is used. This proves the potential possibility of the equal development of the group of non-distantly related units in different languages. The perspective is seen in reviewing this issue in the different groups of the Indo-European languages.
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Korbozerova, Nina. "TASKS OF MODERN LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY AND CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS (on the example of comparing Spanish and Ukrainian languages)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 41 (2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2022.41.03.
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When comparing the native language and a foreign language, several methods of comparison are used, which differ significantly from each other. Therefore, the disciplines that deal with the comparison of two or more languages are multilingual, they are based on cross-linguistic comparison. Comparative-historical, areal, and typological research aims to build appropriate classifications of languages, they are aimed at finding similar features in the compared languages that connect them and form the basis for genetic correspondences, which is explained by primary linguistic affinity. Contrastive linguistics is mainly interested in what distinguishes the languages being compared, and what may be a factor causing cross-linguistic interference. Comparative typology and congruent linguistics, not being interested in the genetic origin of languages, their diachronic development, have their specific goals, purpose, research material and limits of application. If comparative typology pays attention primarily to similar features between two languages, then contrastive linguistics focuses on identifying differences in order to prevent mistakes when learning foreign languages.
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Shields, Kenneth. "Typological Assessment of Reconstruction: Did Indo-European Have Inclusive and Exclusive First Person Plural Personal Pronouns?" Lingua Posnaniensis 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-009-0004-z.
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Typological Assessment of Reconstruction: Did Indo-European Have Inclusive and Exclusive First Person Plural Personal Pronouns?This brief article attempts to apply current typological theory about the structure of person-marking paradigms to reconstructions of early Indo-European personal pronoun declension and early Indo-European verbal conjugation in order to determine whether or not such application can shed light on the traditional debate about whether or not an inclusive/exclusive opposition can be ascribed to the protolanguage. Despite the demonstrated positive value of typology in assessing the plausibility of reconstructions, the conclusion reached here is that current typological theory is very limited in its ability to resolve this particular issue of historical/comparative Indo-European linguistics.
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Weingarten, Rüdiger. "Comparative graphematics." Written Language and Literacy 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2011): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.14.1.02wei.
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This paper seeks to outline comparative graphematics as a linguistic approach within writing systems research and typology. In addition to providing a general outline of the approach and its benefits, it is exemplified through a discussion of the relation between the gemination of consonant letters and the graphemic representation of long consonants. Two different approaches within comparative graphematics are applied, one that asks about the meaning or function of the units of writing systems and one that starts with linguistic (e.g. phonological or morphological) units or structures and looks at whether they are represented (and, if so, how) in various writing systems. Consequently, two different typological matrices are presented. Moreover, through a combination of historical and comparative perspectives, the paper investigates the diachronic transitions in the functions of a graphemic construction, as observed within the history of a single writing system or in its adoption within several systems. It is shown that an inherited construction, such as the germination of consonant letters, can be reanalysed; if it loses its former representational function during the course of language change, it may subsequently be utilized for different purposes. A construction may also remain as an ‘evolutionary vestige’ within a writing system, at least for some time. Similar forms of reanalysis can be found if a construction is applied to a new language. Keywords: graphematics; orthography; writing system; script; comparative linguistics; cross-linguistic studies; typology; germination
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Desző, Lásló. "Synchrony, diachrony and Greenberg's state-process model: From the viewpoint of typological characterization." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864109d.
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After a brief survey of the history of diachronic typology, the author focuses his attention on the typological methods applied to historical comparative linguistics. Then some basic issues of Greenberg's state-process model are examined as a possible model for diachronic typology. Morphological and word-order typology are used for the illustration of the author's statements and comments.
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Rsaliyeva, Zhulduz. "TYPOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES OF PAREMIOLOGICAL UNITS ABOUT "LABOUR" (ON THE BASIS OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES)." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83125.
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Purpose of the study: The main task of the article is to represent the English, Russian and Kazakh proverbs and sayings’ equivalents about the labour. The semantic characteristics of the paremiological units’ on the thematic group "labour" in English, Russian and Kazakh languages are examined comparatively for the first time.
Methodology: The semantic components of paremiological units about labour were analyzed, considering their general and specific characteristics by using the qualitative method. Until now three genetically not related paremiological units in English, Russian and Kazakh languages were not fully investigated in linguistics contrastively and comparatively. Component analysis, descriptive analysis, contextual and comparative analysis were used as a tool for investigation of the following work.
Main findings: Paremiological units of three different people and from various group languages can have universal lexemes in their components. The similar paremiological units of several languages are considered as a typological phenomenon, because of having similar life stages and historical correlation. Studying the paremiological units, we have the opportunity to get acquainted with the peoples’ culture, the range of interests, worldview, and psychology of the people.
Applications of this study: The results and conclusions of the work can be used in the preparation of language textbooks and seminars, teaching textbooks, and special courses in comparative typology and general linguistics in the future.As well as, the following work can be the beginning of the composing the trilingual dictionary in English, Russian and Kazakh languages.
The novelty of the study: The proverbs and sayings about "labour" of unrelated languages in terms of comparative and contrastive study have so far been little studied, especially in linguistics, and such study of this field will reveal universal and nationally specific features between English, Russian and Kazakh proverbs, which will have practical and theoretical significance.
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Asatiani, Rusudan, Marine Ivanishvili, and Ether Soselia. "Relationship between the Kartvelian Roots *γwn- ‘wine’ and *γun - ‘creep, curve, twist’ Rusudan Asatiani, Marine Ivanishvili & Ether Soselia." Athens Journal of Philology 9, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.9-4-2.
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Thomas Gamkrelidze &Viacheslav Ivanov’s fundamental work, based on lexical borrowings and structural-typological similarities of the Indo-European, Kartvelian, and Semitic Proto-Languages, confirms that the Georgians (Kartvelian tribes) together with the representatives of ancient civilizations (Indo-Europeans and Semites) historically belong to the same chronological stage. In this respect, the lexical units denoting ‘wine’ in the above-mentioned languages, being the subject of much research, seem very notable. The views on the Kartvelian origin of the respective stems are as old as that of considering the Kartvelian form as an Indo-European borrowing. Various viewpoints exist because the reasonable etymology of the stem has not been established based on Kartvelian data. The paper examines the Common-Kartvelian stem *γvin- ‘wine’, reconstructed by the comparison of Georgian, Megrelian, Laz, and Svan (resp. Kartvelian languages) linguistic data. Taking into account that the root represents a regular form defined by the rules of Kartvelian ablaut alternations, it is possible to regard this form as a Kartvelian stem derived from the verb *γun- denoting ‘creep, curve, twist’, and not as an Indo-European borrowing, as it used to be accepted. Thus, another linguistic-typological parallel between Kartvelian and Indo-European languages has been revealed at the lexical level. Keywords: Kartvelian languages, Indo-European languages, Semitic languages, Comparative-Historical linguistics, Kartvelian ablaut patterns, the lexeme wine
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Nikitin, Oleg V., and Natalia V. Patroeva. "Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 9 (December 6, 2021): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-9-117-121.
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The report on the international conference “Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia”, held at Petrozavodsk State University on June 3–4, 2021, is presented. It is noted that the name of F. F. Fortunatov is a significant phenomenon in the history of world linguistics for understanding the development of scientific theory and methodology in linguistics. The scientist laid the foundations of modern grammatical theory, assessed controversial processes in the field of the history and accentology of Slavic and Baltic languages, and contributed to the formation of new linguistic trends. The Fortunatov School at the end of the 19th century went beyond the geographical borders of Russia and became known abroad as one of the most advanced academic schools. A brief description of the program and the reports presented, covering the problems of historical and diachronic linguistics in the context of comparative and typological linguistics, language teaching methods, syntax, dialectology, communication theory, culture of language and poetics, is given. Special attention is paid to the relevance in modern linguistics of F. F. Fortunatov’s ideas. Parallels are drawn with related humanities disciplines.
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Stausland Johnsen, Sverre. "A diachronic account of phonological unnaturalness." Phonology 29, no. 3 (December 2012): 505–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675712000243.
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Norwegian retroflexion exhibits some phonetic properties that do not seem to ‘make sense’. In Standard East Norwegian, an alveolar /ɾ/ causes a following alveolar coronal to become postalveolar, and in the Frogner and Arendal dialects of Norwegian, the same postalveolarisation process is triggered by a uvular /ʁ/. Comparative analyses of Norwegian dialects reveal that these properties are the results of historical changes and phonological diffusion across dialects. Theories attempting to analyse Norwegian retroflexion as phonetically ‘natural’ can neither fully account for these properties of Norwegian retroflexion nor capture the typological generalisations found across Norwegian dialects.
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Nurgali, Kadisha, Viktoriya Siryachenko, Liliya Mukazhanova, Marzhan Zhapanova, and Rabiga Nurgali. "Literary Translation as One of the Main Tools of Artistic Reception: On the Example of Kazakh-Russian Literary Interaction." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 2626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1212.20.
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The literary interactions are the result of intercultural communication based on the ancient history of mankind, which marked the beginning of the globalization process. The article explores the historical foundations of the Kazakh-Russian literary interactions and the peculiarities of their development. The literary translation becomes the main tool of artistic reception of the Russian writers’ creative work in Kazakh culture. This is the subject of the research of the article. The study of the interactions between Kazakh and Russian literatures is important in the context of comparative literary studies, which shows the common history of the two peoples. The article uses chronological and typological methods to identify the stages of establishment and development of cultural relations between the two nations. The cultural-historical method was used to identify the origins of the tradition of literary translation between two cultures, the national characteristics, the historical factors that served as the basis for the intercultural integration.
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Savvinova, Gulnara E. "О поэтике олонхо «Нюргун Боотур Стремительный» П. А. Ойунского и тувинских героических эпосов." Oriental Studies 13, no. 4 (December 25, 2020): 1155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-50-4-1155-1166.
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Introduction. The article provides a comparative analysis of artistic expressiveness means inherent to the Yakut Olonkho and Tuvan epics. The point is that poetics of the epic work Nurgun Bootur the Swift by P. A. Oyunsky recreated on the basis of folk tales has actually remained understudied, and this paper fills the gap. Goals. The work — as part of Yakut folklore studies — makes the first attempt to consider poetics and the system of artistic techniques of the Olonkho Nurgun Bootur the Swift in comparison to Tuvan heroic epics. Methods. The study employs a comprehensive approach that includes comparative historical and typological research methods. Results. The comparative analysis concludes that P. Oyunsky’s Nurgun Bootur the Swift is based on the principles of traditional folk epic, and reveals parallels to Tuvan heroic narratives. Special attention is paid to the means of artistic expression — hyperbole and comparison. There are functional semantic dependence and structural unity indicating a typological similarity of the epic works examined. The vivid language of Tuvan epic narratives and that of P. Oyunsky’s Olonkho are explicitly characterized by elements observed in heroic epic proper, and the poetic analysis shows the Yakut text is distinguished by artistic completeness. So, P. Oyunsky revived the Yakut heroic epic, enriched its conceptual/thematic essentials — to strengthen the unique poetic form.
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Aiyzhy, Elena V., and Rolanda B. Khovalyg. "Функции и семантика свадебных головных уборов женщин как часть материальной и духовной культуры тувинцев." Oriental Studies 14, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 1006–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-57-5-1006-1015.
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Introduction. The article aims to study key types of Tuvan women’s wedding headdresses as signs associated with certain stages of the wedding ritual. Materials and methods. The research is mostly based on pre-revolutionary historical and ethnographic materials from the Aldan-Maadyr National Museum of Tuva and the authors’ field data. The method of historicism employed for the analysis proves helpful in capturing the elements of culture in dynamics. The work also uses the comparative typological and field research methods that are traditional enough for ethnography studies. Results. The paper analyzes historical, ethnographic, and folklore materials to reveal the semantics of the Tuvan traditional wedding ritual and identify symbolism of wedding headdresses and their semiotics, materials used for their manufacture and decoration, local variants in terms of pragmatism and specific characteristics. Conclusions. The research indicates that despite some differences in several parameters (presence or absence of a particular rite or its functional significance), the traditional wedding ritual across different territories of Tuva is characterized by commonality of their basic structural and typological components, including matchmaking (Tuv. kudalaashkin and kudalai koor), bride show (dugdeeshkin), and wedding proper (kuda-doi). Accordingly, wedding clothes from different districts of Tuva have common ritual elements along with some specific local peculiarities. So, the paper focuses on key types of headdresses once used in wedding rites.
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Mutalov, Rasul Osmanovich. "The functionality of class-numerical indicators in suffixes of adjectives of the Dargin languages." Филология: научные исследования, no. 12 (December 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2021.12.37175.
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This article examines the class-numerical indicators functioning in the suffixes of adjectives of the Dargin languages that belong to the Nakh-Daghestanian language family. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that these languages have rich morphological system; however, many grammatical categories are yet to be studied. The goal of this work is to determine the etymology of suffix indicator -ch-b (-v,- p), which forms the adjectives and contains an Aslaut changing class indicator. For achieving the set goal, the article employs comparative-historical analysis and descriptive method; for collecting verbal material of various idioms – the methods of field linguistics. The novelty consists in the fact that this attributivizer is analyzed from the comparative-historical perspective in the Dargin studies for the first time. It is established that the morpheme under review is formed from the short form of the adverb of place chedi (ch-) “upwards”. In the Dargin languages, it functions in form of the essive comprised by affixing class indicators to the lative form. With evolution of the language, this morpheme has been grammaticalized. The acquired results can be applied in preparing comparative-historical grammar of the Dargin languages, teaching the course of the Dargin literary language, as well as in typological research.
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Kačiuškienė, Genovaitė. "Prosodical System of the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys of the Lithuanian Language." Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2018): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dialect-2018-0007.
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Abstract The Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys of the Lithuanian Language is interesting in synchronic, diachronic, typological, and ethnogenetic aspects; its idioms bear some witness to contacts of Lithuanian and Semigalian languages (Kačiuškienė 2009). The secondary types of pitch accents of the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys were discussed in Dialectologia et Geolinguistica 24 (Kačiuškienė 2016). The auditory and instrumental research proved that two secondary types of pitch accents contrast in the pure and mixed diphthongs of the forms of some dialectal verbs and denominative words in the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys of the Lithuanian Language. This is a distinctive opposition. It is possible that the opposition relates to Proto-Baltic accentuation paradigms. The secondary types of pitch accents have different acoustic properties. The most distinct are the quantitative characteristics of diphthongs and characteristics of the fundamental pitch. The detailed analysis of the prosodic system of the Northern Panevėžys dialect in the present article is based on the data of the author’s native dialect and the instrumental and auditory research (see (Kačiuškienė 2006)). The results of the research of the Northern Aukštaitian dialect of Panevėžys are important to the comparative and historical dialectology of the Baltic languages; they can be used in typological research and in the classroom as teaching materials.
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Yem, Natalya. "Survival Patterns: Marriage Migration of Women from the CIS in South Korea." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 9, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.3396.
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The paper is based on the theoretical assumption that the use of the word ‘survival’in the context of international migration can characterize the main problems associated withsettling and adapting to life in Korea. The author pursues the goal to reveal social representations,processes of psychological nature, the changed states of consciousness of women who aremarriage migrants from the countries of the post-Soviet space to South Korea. To realize thisgoal, the author conducted an analysis of the content of the Internet forum of Russian-speakingwomen. The information blocks which predetermine the perception of the surrounding realityand cultivated stereotypes were identified. The research was carried out within the frameworkof interdisciplinary analysis using historical-cultural and comparative-typological methods, aswell as methods of cognitive linguistics, semiotics and statistical analysis.
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Morozova, Ekaterina N. "Research methods and techniques of the phraseological stock studies in the Mari language." Finno-Ugric World 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2076-2577.010.2018.03.045-052.
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The article analyzes in detail methodological framework used for phraseological stock studies in the Mari language. It results in increasing level of validity and reliability of the research. The subject of the article is the methods and techniques of phraseological studies (general scientific, philosophical and specialized ones). The objective of this research is to reveal the methodological procedures used to study phraseological units of the Mari language. The article is based on monographs, articles, textbooks, theses on phraseology of the Mari language. When considering the methodological framework for phraseological studies in the Mari language, it employed general research methods such as analysis, synthesis, generalization and chronological classification combined with specialized linguistic techniques (e.g. data collection method) within diachronic and synchronic approaches. The first research into the field of Mari phraseology are characterized by the application of semantic and contextual analyses in order to systematize and classify phraseological units. The interpretation of empirical material is closely connected with the semantic description, valence and communicative-functional methods. Further development of the methodology is related to the application of culture and historical, anthropological and linguistic genetic approaches, as well as the elements of transformational analysis and syntactic modeling. Modern phraseological science takes into consideration interdisciplinary approach while exploring phraseological stock of the Mari language. In the initial state of the development of phraseology the most productive techniques in Mari linguistics were general research methods of description and analysis (semantic-syntactic, structural, componential and contextual ones). In 1980–1990 methodological framework was supplemented by specialized linguistic methods of comparative-historical, typological, comparative and communicative-functional studies. Nowadays interdisciplinary approach interpreted from psycholinguistic, linguoculturological and cognitivistic standpoints is widely applied to reveal the nationally significant concepts functioning in the described linguoculture.
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Маммадова, Самира Джамал кызы. "Lexical units and in common Turkic mythology." Вестник Адыгейского государственного университета, серия «Филология и искусствоведение», no. 3(282) (March 2, 2022): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.53598/2410-3489-2021-3-282-77-82.
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В статье проводится этимологический анализ лексических единиц шаман и кам , широко используемых в шаманизме. В ходе исследования анализируются всевозможные варианты и семантические дублеты этих лексических единиц в тюркских языках, изучается этимологическая история и ареал употребления данных слов. Излагаются языковые факты о родственной связи этих лексических единиц в тюркских языках. Установлено, что шаманизм не является религией, по утверждению автора на самом деле - это особая система мировоззрения древних народов. В рамках исследования были использованы историко-сравнительный, сравнительно-типологический методы лингвистики. Изложенные материалы в рамках исследования могут быть полезны для тюркологических и этимологических, в том числе для ностратических исследований. This article provides an etymological analysis of the lexical units “shaman” and “kam”, widely used in shamanism. In the course of the research, all kinds of variants and semantic doublets of these lexical units in the Turkic languages are analyzed, the etymological history and the area of use of these words are studied. The linguistic facts about the relationship of the lexical units “shaman” and “kam” in the Turkic languages are stated. It is noted that shamanism is not a religion. According to the author, shamanism is in fact a special worldview system of ancient peoples. Within the framework of the article, historical-comparative, comparative-typological methods of linguistics were used. The presented materials within the framework of this article can be useful for Turkic and etymological, including Nostratic, studies.
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Voskresenskaya, Marina A. "Historical information in the modern Russian press: Languages of representation." Media Linguistics 9, no. 4 (2022): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu22.2022.401.
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The article examines the languages of media representation of history, which are understood as approaches to the presentation of historical information found in the modern Russian periodical press. An original classification of such approaches is proposed, including scientific, quasi-scientific, extra-scientific, pseudoscientific languages of representation. Each of them, as a set of means of expressing thought and its design in the media text, is subjected to a comprehensive analysis using linguistic, typological, intentional, comparative, contextual components in order to assess the degree of their reliance on a scientific and historical basis. The need for such an analysis is caused by the fact that the media discourse of history is not limited to the popularization of scientific historical knowledge, but the criterion for the reliability of historical information transmitted through the media is its scientific validity, regardless of the external form of representation. The objectives of the study were not to clarify the ideological positions or historiographical versions presented in the analyzed texts. The work focuses on the media presentation of historical information, primarily on the author’s intentions, style of presentation and the nature of argumentation in the comprehension and explanation of data. The material for the study was selected publications on the topic of history from the current Russian periodical press (February — April 2022). The dependence of the characteristics of the language of representation on the type of publication, the professional status of the author of the publication, the motives of his appeal to history and a number of other factors is shown. It is concluded that in practice a single approach in its full-scale format is rarely used. As a rule, in the media text it is possible to identify elements of various languages of the representation of history in various combinations with the dominance of the general journalistic style of presentation.
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Katsper, Grajewski. "Poem by S. A. Yesenin “Black Man” in Polish translations and original poetry." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 59 (2021): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2021-59-213-226.
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The paper examines Polish reception of the poem by Sergei Yesenin “The Black Man”. It attempts to intertextually analyze the work at the level of various kinds of analogies with Polish poetic texts, translated and original. The subject of comparative analysis is the content-formal aspects of translated texts. At the same time, the theory of translation, becoming a part of the comparative methodology, allows one to reach a broader level of generalizations, cultural projections, and socio-historical parallels. The study addresses a number of translations (W. Słobodnik, L. Podhorski-Okołów, W. Broniewski, A. Pomorski), illustrating the degree of freedom of interpretation of a literary text, proportion of congeniality as a special criterion of poetic correspondence. The very process of circulation, transfer, continuous cultural exchange of motives, lyrical situations between the texts of different national literatures and linguistic elements came to be an undeniably important aspect of artistry as a new quality of imagery and the birth of “explosive” poetic meanings. The issue of cultural transfer allows perceiving in individual translation versions mental worlds of the authors refracted in them, life-creating and biographical contexts, as well as historical collisions. In this case literary translation acts as a reliable tool, through which typological and comparative-historical comparisons of poetic worlds are carried out. Analysis of the micro-poetics of texts, motif structure and sensory layer appears more or less convincing on the way of studying reception and a broad intertextual field of selected works.
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Tumėnas, Vytautas. "The textuality of diagonal ornamentation: Historical transformations of signification from the Baltic perspective." Sign Systems Studies 42, no. 2/3 (December 5, 2014): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/sss.2014.42.2-3.04.
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This paper deals with textual aspects of the geometric diagonal linear ornamentation that appears on traditional woven Lithuanian bands. Taking into consideration diachronic, local as well as universal perspectives, it aims to determine and classify the basic elements of the ornament that relate to the development of textuality. Previous investigations of Baltic and Lithuanian textile ornaments have been based on a purely geometric analysis of ornamental form, or on creating linguistic inventories of folk pattern denominations. This paper describes a unique, elaborated, interdisciplinary method for studying such ornaments based on historical-typological comparative analyses, the classification of patterns with regard to their form and meaning, and the semiotic interpretation of mythopoetic images of patterns names. Further, the paper discusses whether an authentic folk classification and a tradition of typology based on the forms of patterns and names can be detected. From the traditional point of view the main meaning-carrying element of this ornamentation is the type of pattern. Therefore, reconstructions and interpretations of the semantic field of patterns’ signification may be based on the mythopoetic context of folk culture.
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Korbozerova, Nina M. "The Word in the Lens of Multy-Paradigmal Research (on the Material of Far Related Languages)." Studies in Media and Communication 10, no. 3 (December 17, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v10i3.5841.
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Language performs the most complex communicative function of exchanging thoughts between people. At the same time, it is a self-sufficient, flexible, highly structured, internally self-organising, synergisic system consisting of sounds, words, and sentences. The purpose of the study is to compare words in two languages – Spanish and Ukrainian – at morphological and lexical levels. Using the method of empirical research, comparison, typological and taxonomic comparison, multy-paradigmal analysis, the Ukrainian and Spanish languages, which are far related, were compared. Non-related languages are also involved in the analysis, which allows identifying linguistic universals and establishing common features either for all languages or for individual groups of languages. When using multy-paradigmal analysis, it is necessary to consider the fact that the verbalisation of the concept by linguistic means and its symbolisation of national identity in the compared languages occurs in different ways due to the specific historical, cultural, and linguistic influence inherent in it, which each ethnic group receives. To eliminate linguistic and cultural barriers between speakers of different linguistic cultures, a multi-level analysis is necessary, in which the leading role belongs to the multy-paradigmal and comparative-typological study of linguistic units. There are a lot of languages in the world, the number of which varies according to the principles by which they are classified. Nevertheless, regardless of the accepted principles of classification, a number of languages exhibit some structural similarities, regardless of their genetic relationship, and vice versa, being closely related, languages can detect differences at any level.
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Borisova, Valentina V. "The Adolescent by Fyodor Dostoevsky: Current State of Research." Dostoevsky and World Culture. Philological journal, no. 3 (2021): 196–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2619-0311-2021-3-196-214.
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The review analyses the current state of research of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent. The starting point is the tradition of academic commentaries to the text, which allowed achievements in textual criticism during the 1960-1970s. Today we are obviously facing a new turn in both textual studies and commentaries to the novel. The main trends indicate that researchers aim at discovering the spiritual meaning of The Adolescent, its poetics, and sources. Nevertheless, contemporary surveys are characterized by a diversity of academic discourses, originated from psychology, history, cultural studies, linguistics, etc. In the field of literary studies, both Russian and foreign works show a rising interest in the poetics and the analysis of the role of the Christian tradition in the novel. Traditionally, the novel is studied within the prospective Dostoevsky’s Five great works. Monographs reveal the artistic success and unique character of The Adolescent and integrate it into the meta-text of Dostoevsky’s life and oeuvre, giving a variety of typological reasons. Academic research maintains a typological and comparative-historical approach to this novel, though its literary context has not significantly expanded. A substantial aspect of Dostoevsky’s studies is dedicated to the narratology of The Adolescent and its genre features; the traditional definition of the book as a Bildungsroman has now gained a new modified formula. The article pays close attention to the few existing monographs that concentrate on The Adolescent. The article not only provides a review that helps understand how the novel is studied today but outlines prospects of research. Dostoevsky’s novel is organized as a multilayer reality. Therefore, it requires a complex approach - biographical, historical, literary, and mythopoetic (broadly speaking) – in order to allow a full reception of the novel The Adolescent, especially in the mass culture.
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Borisova, Valentina V. "The Adolescent by Fyodor Dostoevsky: Current State of Research." Dostoevsky and world culture. Philological journal, no. 3 (2021): 196–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2021-3-196-214.
Full textAbstract:
The review analyses the current state of research of Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Adolescent. The starting point is the tradition of academic commentaries to the text, which allowed achievements in textual criticism during the 1960-1970s. Today we are obviously facing a new turn in both textual studies and commentaries to the novel. The main trends indicate that researchers aim at discovering the spiritual meaning of The Adolescent, its poetics, and sources. Nevertheless, contemporary surveys are characterized by a diversity of academic discourses, originated from psychology, history, cultural studies, linguistics, etc. In the field of literary studies, both Russian and foreign works show a rising interest in the poetics and the analysis of the role of the Christian tradition in the novel. Traditionally, the novel is studied within the prospective Dostoevsky’s Five great works. Monographs reveal the artistic success and unique character of The Adolescent and integrate it into the meta-text of Dostoevsky’s life and oeuvre, giving a variety of typological reasons. Academic research maintains a typological and comparative-historical approach to this novel, though its literary context has not significantly expanded. A substantial aspect of Dostoevsky’s studies is dedicated to the narratology of The Adolescent and its genre features; the traditional definition of the book as a Bildungsroman has now gained a new modified formula. The article pays close attention to the few existing monographs that concentrate on The Adolescent. The article not only provides a review that helps understand how the novel is studied today but outlines prospects of research. Dostoevsky’s novel is organized as a multilayer reality. Therefore, it requires a complex approach - biographical, historical, literary, and mythopoetic (broadly speaking) – in order to allow a full reception of the novel The Adolescent, especially in the mass culture.
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Glushchenko, Volodymyr. "PAVLO ZHYTETSKYI AND THE TYPOLOGY OF THE SLAVONIC LANGUAGES." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 32 (2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-3.
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P. H. Zhytetskyi’sbook «Очерк звуковой истории малорусского наречия» became a valuable contribution into Ukrainian and Slavonic studies. Zhytetskyi is credited with posing the problem of the relationship between vocalism and consonantism in the history of the Ukrainian language, and thus in the history of the Slavonic languages in general. Zhytetskyi’s thesis about «the poor» vocalism combining with «the rich» consonantism and vice versa in the Slavonic languages and in their history set the grounds of the historical typology of the Slavonic languages (on the phonological level) and proved to be really effective in the XXth ct. linguistics. It provided the principles of the Slavonic languages division into two types – a vocal and a consonant ones, which were interpreted both synchronically and diachronically (A. V. Isachenko, K. V. Horshkova, V. V. Ivanov, V. V. Kolesov). Zhytetskyi reconstructed the systems of archytypes and the systems of phonetic rules with the similar mechanism (united by a common cause). This resulted in Zhytetskyi’s understanding of the Ukrainian phonetic system history as a chain of causally related phonetic processes on the level of the subsystems (vocalism and consonantism) and the sound categories (strong and weak, voiced and unvoiced, hard and soft consonants). Therefore, Zhytetskyi’s concept of the relationship between vocalism and consonantism in the history of the Ukrainian language has retained its relevance in comparative and typological linguistiscs of the XX-th ct. – early XXIst ct.
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Dmitriev, Aleksandr Vladislavovich. "On the fiefs of Swedish and Scottish nobility in Ingria during the 1582 – 1589." Genesis: исторические исследования, no. 2 (February 2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-868x.2021.2.32530.
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This article is dedicated to the question of landholdings of the Swedish and Scottish nobility in Ingria during the 1582 – 1589, relying on the documents of compilation “Baltiska fogderäkenskaper”. The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the insufficient study of these sources, both in Russia and abroad, as well as absence of the national toponymic research using these materials. The article also provides a brief biographical description of multiple Swedish and Scottish landholders, the majority of whom are the unknown names in the Russian prosopography The article employs the narrative, historical-comparative, typological, structural, prosopographical methods. All of them underlie the prosopographical and historical-geographical research, which allow determining the particular types of historical figures. The scientific novelty consists in consideration of the problem of formation of landholdings in Ingria during the 1582 – 1589. This question is not covered in modern historiography. The author explores the unique historical, historical-geographical and toponymic material that reveals the prerequisites for the historical, political, economic, territorial and linguistic transformations that found reflection in Ingria of post-Stolbovo period, and established for almost a century. The presented materials are of practical importance for the toponymists and historians dealing with Russia-Sweden relations of the XVI – XVII centuries.
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Nekrasova, G. A. "Semantics of the egressive in the Permian languages: interlanguage differences." Bulletin of Ugric studies 11, no. 3 (2021): 470–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2021-11-3-470-478.
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Introduction: in modern Permian languages most of the spatial cases are the legacy of the Proto-Permian language. In the course of the historical evolution of languages, the morphological and functional-semantic characteristics of common Permian cases have changed, so it is important to identify similarities and differences in their use. Objective: to identify differences in the use of the egressive in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages. Research materials: the empirical base of the study was made up of original texts in the Komi-Zyryan, Komi-Permian and Udmurt languages from printed sources and electronic corpora. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time, a comparative study of the semantic structure of the egressive of the Permian languages is undertaken. It is revealed that in each of the Permian languages, the egressive has specific functional and semantic features. In the Komi languages, the egressive has meanings, which in the Udmurt language are expressed by the ablative. The meanings that are inherent for the egressive only in the Komi-Permian language, in the Komi-Zyryan language are included in the semantic zone of the elative, in the Udmurt language – in the semantic zone of the ablative. In the Udmurt language, the egressive can express meanings that in the Komi languages are expressed by the inessive or the postposition vylyn ‘on’. Based on the analysis of the semantics of the case, it is concluded that there are different sources of the formation of egressive suffixes in the Komi and Udmurt languages. New data are introduced into scientific circulation, which can be used in comparative-historical and typological studies of cases
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Gordiyenko, Olena. "Nomenklature in the system of English medical terminography." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 12, no. 21 (2019): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2019-12-21-117-123.
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The article is devoted to the issues of LSP (language for specific purposes) lexicography in the field of medicine. Medical nomenclatures (MN), created in the framework of English medical terminography (EMT), are in the focus of the study as one of the first original reference works of EMT. The methodology of the study is comprehensive and includes the following methods: an analytical review of the literature, a bibliographic method for compiling a list of medical nomenclatures; a descriptive method of lexicographic analysis to characterize the parameters and structure of MN; the method of typological analysis was used to develop the principles of MN classification; the comparative analysis to summarize and conclude the results of the investigation. The use of historical and typological approach enabled to conduct a detailed analysis of extralinguistic and linguistic characteristics of the MN. A brief historical background on the formation and development of English medical reference works is given. Such MN as anatomical (Terminologia Anatomica), dental (Dental Terminology), embryological (Terminologia Embryologica) and histological (Terminologia Histologica) nomenclatures were under the study. A typological classification of MN is made by considering methods and approaches for the representation and explication of medical term. The following parameters as field of terms, method of term representing, type of definition, number of languages were studied. The main functions of the MN were identified and described, namely, the collection, the standardization, the systematization of medical terms and medical knowledge transfer. The results of the lexicographic analysis show that MN are factual reference works and perform almost all the basic functions of terminographic dictionary guides, with the exception of explicatory one, with a description of grammatical and orthoepic characteristics, codification of the polysemy of medical term and an illustration of its use in medical discourse. The comparative analysis of histological, dental and embryological nomenclatures revealed that they do not have significant differences at the level of mega- and microstructures in comparison with the anatomical ones. The studied nomenclatures were created using termographic tools and principles which were first applied for anatomical nomenclatures. The place and the role of MN, as a factual reference work, in the system of English medical terminography is determined. Perspective directions of the further research are outlined in the frame of the comprehensive study of terminological lexicography as a factor of the global scientific and technical space formation in the field of medicine.
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Franek, Ladislav. "L’essence éthique du dialogue culturel." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.3.
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The ethical essence of cultural dialogue. The definition of comparative literary studies in Slovakia. Historical poetics in the works of D. Ďurišin, focused on the typological essence of literary phenomena on the basis of interrelating theoretical and developmental aspects of national literature. The differences of Slovak methodology from Western positivist models of the study of interliterariness. Parallel existence of the principles of literary history and criticism in the reception analyses of Russian, German and French literatures by older Slovak scholars. The onset of realism in Slovak literature at the end of the 19th century (S. Hurban Vajanský). The important contribution of J. Felix’s critical reflection of universalist tendencies in European and esp. modern French writing. The complexity of organically incorporating these impulses into the context of Slovak literature as a result of the provincial character of a “small” nation. The wealth of translations from contemporary world literatures and its positive impact on the work of many Slovak writers in spite of the discontinuity of research in this area after 1989. Urgent need to return to similar forms of literary-cultural reflection and self-reflection through reviving an intensive philological, linguistic, theoretical-critical and historical study at our universities.
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Franek, Ladislav. "L’essence éthique du dialogue culturel." Interlitteraria 25, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 298–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2020.25.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
The ethical essence of cultural dialogue. The definition of comparative literary studies in Slovakia. Historical poetics in the works of D. Ďurišin, focused on the typological essence of literary phenomena on the basis of interrelating theoretical and developmental aspects of national literature. The differences of Slovak methodology from Western positivist models of the study of interliterariness. Parallel existence of the principles of literary history and criticism in the reception analyses of Russian, German and French literatures by older Slovak scholars. The onset of realism in Slovak literature at the end of the 19th century (S. Hurban Vajanský). The important contribution of J. Felix’s critical reflection of universalist tendencies in European and esp. modern French writing. The complexity of organically incorporating these impulses into the context of Slovak literature as a result of the provincial character of a “small” nation. The wealth of translations from contemporary world literatures and its positive impact on the work of many Slovak writers in spite of the discontinuity of research in this area after 1989. Urgent need to return to similar forms of literary-cultural reflection and self-reflection through reviving an intensive philological, linguistic, theoretical-critical and historical study at our universities.
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Teterina, Olga B. "COMPARATIVE PARADIGM IN WORKS OF Y. BOYKO-BLOKHYN: APPROACHES “INTERWEAVING AND INTERCROSSING”." Alfred Nobel University Journal of Philology 2, no. 24 (December 20, 2022): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2523-4463-2022-2-24-5.
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The article analyzes Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s comparative model as an important integral concept element of Ukrainian emigre scholars comparative literary studies in the 1930s-1980s period (Y. Boyko-Blokhyn, M. Hnatyshak, S. Hordynsky, V. Derzhavyn, I. Kaczurowskyj, D. Chyzhevsky, Y. Sherekh and others). Approaches of the emigre scholar to literature comparative exploration are interpreted in the context of global comparative studies main trends, and placed against the views of the mainland comparative literary studies representatives. We clarified the distinguishing features of Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s model, proved its multidimensional and multivector character, and ascertained comparatist attitudes relevance towards modern comparative literary studies, taking into account their development potential. This goes according to the purpose of the work and its tasks. This research applies advances in comparative historical analysis, methodology of both historic cultural and receptive aesthetic schools. Conceptual idea of the scholar shows his attention to contact-genetic relationship as well as typological similarities and differences. The author interprets functionality problem of inter-literary/ intercultural communication preeminently as a national literature stylistic development factor. The study reveals the interdisciplinary nature of Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s works (with access to the realm of philosophy, psychology and cultural studies), and demonstrates his integration of contextual, intermedial and other approaches, which fundamentally enriched methodological tools of comparative literary studies. Reflections of Y. Boyko-Blokhyn on the problem of Slavic literatures comparative study, while witnessing the author’s inherent interest in national identity problem, emphasized and deepened research of Slavic, specifically East Slavic, literatures as a fundamental component of the European cultural space. They also substantiated the demand for changes in approach to study the East Slavic region, particularly historical and literary processes in Belarusian, Ukrainian, and Russian literatures. Scientist’s observations and conclusions, aimed at understanding Ukrainian literature in the European context, broaden drastically the idea of its peculiarity, with an emphasis on the features conditioned by its development (T. Shevchenko – G. Byron, R. Burns, J.W. Goethe, A. Dante, G. Leopardi, A. Mickiewicz, T. Moore, Novalis, S. Petőfi, W. Shakespeare, F. Schiller; I. Franko – G. Byron, E.T.A. Hoffmann, A. Chamisso; Lesya Ukrainka – G. Hauptmann, M. Maeterlinck, O. Wilde and others). The researcher traces occurrences of literary reception by the national literature of other nations artistic and aesthetic experiences at various levels of comparative poetics (themes, motives, style, etc.) Conclusion. We proved an important role of Y.Boyko-Blokhyn’s comparative model, who developed impactful traditions of national comparative literary studies of the second half of the 19th century – first third of the 20th century, and at the same time rethought (including through denial) western methodologies, in development not only of Ukrainian, but also of the global literature science as a whole. Insights and ideas of the emigre scholar, many of which were often ahead of his foreign colleagues ideas (A. Balakian, H. Bloom, U. Weisstein, D. Durishin, A. Popovich, H.R. Jauss and others), remain relevant even nowadays. Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s approaches to comparative study of literatures in the world context with a special emphasis on the problem of national identity apparently acquired the utmost importance during the era of globalization. Similar logic of thinking is affine to those modern authors who insist to study first differences between national creative writings, which according to their deep conviction enrich and diversify the global cultural universe (A. Balakian, C.Bernheimer, E. Kaspersky, F. Toudoire-Surlapierre and others). In contrast to “cultural unification scenarios”, Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s reflections which draw attention to different literatures/cultures polylogue phenomenon, their mutual understanding and enrichment, are based on the following fundamental thesis: “originality is a runner to commonality” (it is also of fundamental importance for formation of comparative literary history concept). It’s emblematic that the Ukrainian scientist back then strongly denied the position of R. Wellek and R.Warren, who absolutized the tendency to universalization of the global literary process. Instead, Y. Boyko-Blokhyn argued for study of national version of pan-European style (romanticism, realism, modernism), traditional plots and characters, and he also scaled out radically the influence range idea as a manifestation of literary reception, with an emphasis on its creative character (from influence as a repulsion to influence as an “activity stimulus”, “impulse for self-movement”). In fact, these reflections of Y. Boyko-Blokhyn anticipated approaches of those scholars who justified later the concept of active perception as opposed to passive influence, actualizing the role of recipient in the process of inter-literary communication (H.R. Jauss), thesis about the decisive role of the recipient literature (D. Durishin), interpretive theory – “fear of influence” (H.Bloom). Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s conceptual thoughts about understanding the “reverse influences” problem, as well as related matter of contribution of each Slavic, in particular East Slavic, literature to the global cultural heritage, are extremely consonant with arguments that have been in the researchers’ focus even in these recent times (M. Boehmig, O. Pachlovska). In conclusion we can say that Y. Boyko-Blokhyn’s comparative model which is characterized by nation-centric orientation emphasizes fundamentally the prospects for further scientific research in historical, literary and comparative dimensions, first of all in projection of such methodologies inherent to modern comparative literary studies as imagology, theory of intertextuality and cultural transfer
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Chaika, Oksana, Yana Absaliamova, Volodymyr Marchuk, Ella Dovhaniuk, and Andrii Kolesnykov. "Poly- and multiculturalism underpinning personality formation of future foreign language teachers." Revista Amazonia Investiga 11, no. 52 (May 29, 2022): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34069/ai/2022.52.04.24.
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Today, globalization has brought together people of different cultural and linguistic backgrounds, thus, forming a poly- and / or multicultural societies, respectively. Forming a poly-/multicultural personality and developing intercultural skills of future foreign language (FL) teachers is extremely important in educational environment. The aim of the study was to identify mechanisms that help form a poly-/multicultural personality of future FL teachers. The research adopted such methods as descriptive, comparative, historical, typological, and statistical for data processing of International Migrant Stock (2020) and National Center for Education Statistics (2000, 2017), with the latter to determine the migration situation in the world, which resulted in modern formation of poly-/multicultural societies. A comparative analysis found that poly-/multiculturalism differ. Given the generally manifested polycultural trend in Ukraine, structuring method allowed designing a model of polycultural competence for future FL teachers; experimental study allowed discussing the implementation stage of the forming poly-/multicultural competence model for FL teachers. In this vein, the mentioned competence model is proposed for use in order to develop relevant inter-/crosscultural skills and poly-/multicultural personality of FL teacher. The study results confirm the effectiveness of the developed model, which leads to increased poly-/multicultural competencies in communication and performance of future FL teachers.
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Sizdikov, Bagdaulet S., and Ali A. Seraliyev. "Swords from Sauromato–Sarmatian Burial Mounds of Western Kazakhstan Analyzed." Oriental Studies 15, no. 5 (December 26, 2022): 1110–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-1110-1125.
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Introduction. In Eurasia’s history and archeology, the issues of origins, inhabited territories, and political history of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes remain understudied. Archaeological data are supplemented with messages on Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes contained in works of ancient writers, since no written sources have been found in monuments of those tribes proper. Goals. The study aims to analyze historical sources and archaeological data, examine the history of origins of Sauromato-Sarmatian tribes to have inhabited the Southern Uralsin the Iron Age,and focuses on swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian monuments of Western Kazakhstan. Materials. Swords and daggers that constitute the bulk of finds from burials provide valuable information for determining chronologies of burial grounds or certain burials and identifying areas once inhabitedby the nomadic tribes,with regional features of those tribes be duly distinguished. A. Melyukova, K. Smirnov, A. Khazanov, E. Chernenko, A. Simonenko, P. Shulga, V. Kocheev and other researchers have developed a chronological typology for swords and daggers from monuments of nomadic tribes of the Northern Black Sea, the North Caucasus, and other regions. However, Sauromato-Sarmatian weapons from Western Kazakhstan have remained unstudied without any chronological typology developed. So, the work employs experiences of the above-mentioned researchers and systematizes the available and newlyobtained data to develop a typological classification and chronology of swords from Sauromato-Sarmatian burial grounds excavated in the territory of Western Kazakhstan. Results. The paper notes that the Sauromato-Sarmatians descend from Bronze Age populations to have created the Andronovo and Srubnaya cultures, and had a close relationship with the Saka tribes. It is deemed that Sarmatian tribes were formed on the basis of Sauromatians, i.e. those had had common roots. Furthermore, insights into archaeological data conclude the tribes had lived in the territory of Western Kazakhstan, yield a typological classification of swords discovered in mounds across the region, and result in a scientific analysis. The work attempts a statistical analysis of swords and daggers from Sauromato-Sarmatian mounds of Western Kazakhstan, provides scientific conclusions as to predominant types of weapons and manufacturing technologies. The article also highlights some specific features of sword types identified, areas of distribution, and performs a comparative analysis.
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Kryukova, Irina V., and Vasily I. Suprun. "Ways of Development of Slavic Onomastic Lexicography: An Analytical Overview." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 3 (2021): 238–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.3.042.
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The article examines the history and current state of onomastic lexicography in the Slavic countries. The study is driven by the importance of collecting data on Slavic dictionaries of proper names for in-depth research on the theory of Slavic onomastics including comparative studies based on onomastic material of several closely related languages. The purpose of this analytical review is to summarize and evaluate the experience of the lexicographic description of proper names developed in the Slavic countries. The introductory part of the article deals with general problems of the lexicography of proper names. This includes an overview of studies on lexicographic descriptions of onyms in Russia, Belarus, Poland, Ukraine, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Northern Macedonia, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Some references are made on Slavic onomastic dictionaries published in other countries, primarily in Germany. Dictionaries are grouped by their nature (historical and etymological, normative, linguocultural, dictionaries of an author’s language) and by name types they study (place names, personal names, animal names, etc.). There is also a description of mixed type onomastic dictionaries based on several typological principles, and some new types of dictionaries and lexicographic projects to be published. The authors evaluate contribution made by lexicography experts in different Slavic countries in the development of the research. Special mention is made of the role of Russian onomastic lexicography against the background of other Slavic languages. The final part of the article discusses prospects for the development of Slavic onomastic lexicography requiring collaborative efforts of lexicographers from several Slavic countries.
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Vasileva, Irina E. "Social imaginary of a literary technique: About dynamics of transitivity in Russian literature of the late 19th century (Dostoevsky, Garshin, Chekhov)." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature 19, no. 3 (2022): 446–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu09.2022.303.
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This article discusses the problems we face while describing transition periods. I analyze various approaches to the phenomenon of transition and criteria used for their identification. I suggest that we should pay more attention to internal substance of transition process than the role of sociocultural factors or external features which reflect changes in literature. The problems are discussed using the texts by Dostoevsky, Garshin and Chekhov who represent in many respects transitional epoch of the late 19th century. Chronologically, their oeuvres belong to adjacent periods, and so it is possible to trace the changes as a process but not as a set of typological attributes. The comparative analysis is focused on the motive of response as the generalized literary technique, and differences in its use demonstrate transformations of various zones of the literary field — from author’s intention and reader’s reception to the techniques of the creation of narration. For all three Russian writers, the search of “new ways” and strategic decisions are connected with readers’ activity, although each of them understands it in his own way. Dostoevsky and Garshin believe that literature should recover social consensus, and the response plays the principal role here. For Chekhov, response ceased to be a goal. In his system, response is a constant critical defamiliarization of any point of view and gives way to a new type of social interaction. As a result, such features of transition as historical assessment and prognosis are fully expressed in Chekhov’s literary system.
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Polyakov, Vladimir N., Elena A. Makarova, and Valery D. Solovyev. "Phylogenetic trees: Grammar versus vocabulary." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-26460.
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Traditionally, genealogical relationships between languages are established on the basis of phonetic and lexical data. The question whether genealogical relationships among languages can be defined based on grammatical data remains unanswered. The objective of this article is to compare two phylogenetic trees: one built using the Automated Similarity Judgment Program (ASJP) project, and one using the World Atlas of Language Structures (WALS). We include data from WALS representing 27 languages from 5 language families of all continents that are deemed to be sufficiently well described. A Hamming distance matrix was calculated for all languages under study, and, based on the matrix, a phylogenetic tree was built. The trees built according to WALS and ASJP data are compared with each other and with a tree built by the classical comparative historical method. Both the ASJP-based tree and the WALS-based tree have their advantages and disadvantages. The ASJP-based tree is a good reflection of the evolutionary divergence of languages. Similarities of languages as calculated based on the typological database of WALS can provide information on the history of languages both in terms of genealogical descent and contact with other languages. The ASJP-based tree reflects genealogical relationship well at a relatively small time depth, while the WALS-based tree reflects genealogical relationship well at large time intervals. We suggest a new variant of a phylogenetic tree that includes information on both the divergence (ASJP project) and the convergence (WALS project) of languages, combining the benefits of both of these trees, although the problem of borrowings remains. The present research reveals prospects for future studies of genealogical relations among languages based on large-scale descriptions of their grammatical structures.
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Kryuchkov, Igor V., Natalia D. Kriuchkova, and Ashot A. Melkonyan. "Керман и Систан в экономической конкуренции России и Великобритании в Восточной Персии на рубеже XIX–XX вв." Oriental Studies 15, no. 5 (December 26, 2022): 919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-63-5-919-929.
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Introduction. The economic development of Eastern Persian provinces Kerman and Sistan — and the latter’s role in Russian-British economic rivalry — throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries remains somewhat understudied in both Russian and foreign historiographies. Goals. The article attempts an analysis of key trends in the development of Sistan and Kerman at the turn of the 20th century and their significance in foreign economic activities of both Great Britain and Russia. Materials and methods. The paper investigates reports by Russian diplomats to have headed Consulates to Kerman and Sistan. The employed research methods are the historical/genetic, historical/comparative, and historical/typological ones. Results. Russian diplomats paid great attention to peculiarities of Kerman and Sistan’s development, with due regard of their ethnic compositions, climatic conditions, and economic potentials. The article emphasizes that for a long time foreign trade of Kerman and Sistan was dominated by the British Empire which used, first of all, the potential and experience gained by India in organizing trade with Persia. The analysis of the Russian diplomatic reports shows since the late 19th century Russia — driven by its own foreign economic ambitions in Eastern Persia — was showing great interest in these provinces. St. Petersburg was aware of the impossibility of maintaining political dominance in Persia without strengthening its economic presence in the country, including in regions traditionally dominated by the British Empire. This initiative of St. Petersburg caused great concern in London. Conclusions. In the late 19th – early 20th centuries, Russia succeeded in challenging the positions of the British Empire in Sistan and Kerman markets, even in the segment of textile exports traditionally dominated by Great Britain. At the same time, when it comes to describe the obvious achievements of Russia in Persia’s eastern provinces it should be noted that Russian entrepreneurs showed little interest in developing trade with Kerman and Sistan. Therefore, most foreign economic operations were to be implemented with the active participation of Russian diplomatic missions. However, on the eve of WWI Russia’s entrepreneurs did take an initiative of their own, and thus paved further trade success in Sistan and Kerman.
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Chornodon, Myroslava, Olha Lesiuk, Tetiana Bailema, Nadiya Lanchukovska, Iryna Golubovska, and Oksana Khapina. "Gender Sphere of Concepts in the Postmodern Periodicals for Women and Men in Ukraine." Postmodern Openings 12, no. 3 (August 10, 2021): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/12.3/347.
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The use of gender in print media is poorly understood both at the level of the post-Soviet (postcolonial in nature) journalism studies and in the general context of social research. A similar situation is observed with regard to the study of the gender sphere of concepts, and at the postmodern stage of development of periodicals. Postmodern convergence of methodology and research objects of the humanities will make it necessary to study social and mass media phenomena from the point of view of linguistics, sociology and journalism. This makes it relevant to study media issues of gender through links with language (cognitive linguistics). The purpose of the work is to clarify the gender sphere of concepts in the study of Ukrainian periodicals for women and men. The article implements a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods. Descriptive and comparative methods, typology, modeling methods are used at different stages of work. The study used the method of content analysis to study the gender content of modern gender-labeled magazines. The article proves that the gender sphere of concepts is based on the basic gender macroconcepts “woman” and “man”. They are used in the periodicals under study in various proportions, depending on what roles are played by a woman or a man in society. It is from the balance, thoughtfulness, responsible selection of gender characteristics that are presented in gender-labeled periodicals that modern and future gender images are formed, the idea of ideal women and men, their needs, opportunities, responsibilities in the family, at work, and in general in all spheres of life.
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Brody, Parker L. "Morphological exceptionality and pathways of change." Journal of Historical Linguistics 9, no. 3 (December 31, 2019): 315–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.18037.bro.
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Abstract This paper explores the notion of analyzing cross-linguistically uncommon morphosyntactic structures in terms of their historical development. What may seem extraordinary in the synchronic snapshot of a language can often be clearly accounted for through diachronic considerations. To illustrate this, the current study examines the typologically uncommon phenomenon of multiple exponence, the realization of the same grammatical information in multiple places within an inflected word, in the Kiranti (Tibeto-Burman) languages. Typologically speaking, we do see a strong tendency cross-linguistically towards encoding grammatical information once within an inflected word, and against multiple exponence. Yet the phenomenon of multiple exponence is attested in a number of languages. This paper presents comparative evidence from the Kiranti languages that supports the claim that multiple exponence in synthetic verbs in the modern Kiranti languages comes as a result of the interaction between language(family)-specific typology (multiple agreement in periphrastic verbs) and an uncontroversial language change process (coalescence of periphrastic forms into synthetic forms).
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Purbueva, Natalya M., and Marina M. Sodnompilova. "Система признаний и поощрений Российской империей бурятской родовой элиты XVIII–XIX вв." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 14, no. 3 (December 27, 2022): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2022-3-501-513.
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Introduction. The article examines the system of recognition and encouragements adopted by the Russian Empire for representatives of Buryat tribal elites in the 18th–19th centuries. The focus of the study makes it possible to trace key mechanisms to have facilitated the incorporation of Buryat tribal elites into Russia’s corresponding environment. The legalization of official powers of 18th– 19th century Buryat tribal elites was paralleled by that Imperial Russia developed a corresponding system of recognition and encouragements. The latter was not only to consolidate the high social status of the local nobility but rather to facilitate their further incorporation into the Russian power structures. Goals. The paper aims to investigate Imperial Russia’s system of recognition developed for representatives of Buryat tribal elites throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Materials and methods. The study analyzes archival materials housed at the State Archive of Buryatia, such as employee and formulary lists of Buryat tribal executives, decrees and instructions of His Imperial Majesty on rewards granted to the latter. The research methods employed include the historical comparative and comparative typological ones that have proved instrumental in analyzing the mentioned Russian system, and compiling a content analysis of archival materials involved. Conclusions. The work reveals the special recognition and rewards system was developed to regulate relations with representatives of local Buryat elites and guarantee their integration into imperial structures. The system of awards and distinctions was used by the Russian government to encourage Buryat tribal and clan leaders for certain services rendered to the state, as well as for successfully fulfilled tasks assigned.
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Salikhov, Akhat G., and Gulnaz M. Gizzatullina. "Некоторые религиозные термины, хадисы и аяты в башкирских мунаджатах." Oriental studies 14, no. 4 (December 12, 2021): 858–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-56-4-858-867.
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Introduction. In the oral popular art and written literary monuments of the Bashkir people, there is a special musical-poetic genre of the lyric-epic and religious character, which is called munajat. This article aims to analyze some of the ayats, hadiths, and religious terms used in the Bashkir munajats. Materials and methods. Samples of religious poetry borrowed from a thematic volume of the Bashkir folk art compendium were used as the main source of the research data. Over 1,500 examples have been identified, some of which are used in this article. A systematic and comparative analysis and a historical-typological research method were employed for the analysis of the material. Results. Many Bashkir scholars were among the students of the munajats. In their works, they often focused on the main features of the genre, such as religious motifs, plots, and appeals to Allah that they contain. Since early 1990s, the munajats have been experiencing a rebirth: old versions have returned to become popular again; also, new types, composed by our contemporaries, have emerged, and spread in various regions. The study resulted in identifying over one and a half thousand examples containing Muslim terms, ayats, and hadiths; some of them have been included in this article. Conclusions. The present study shows the peculiarities of the use of religious subjects, terms, and motifs in the Bashkir munajats. Some words and phrases were changed to adapt to the popular usage, while preserving the Arabic cliché. In its turn, the use of religious vocabulary enriched the Bashkir language and literature.
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Daulet, Fatimabibi, Farida Orazakynkyzy, Anuar Saule, Zhanat Zeinolla, Zhunisbek Gulnaz, and Artemii Karapetiants. "CONCEPT "DESTINY" IN CHINESE AND KAZAKH LINGUOCULTURES." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 6 (December 22, 2019): 890–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.76134.
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Purpose of the study: The study examines the language specificity of the concept "destiny" as an important marker of the national mental space of Chinese and Kazakh ethnocultures. The authors revealed the national specifics of this concept, analyzed its historical and philosophical features of development in Chinese and Kazakh linguocultures, and also established its most important conceptual, value and figurative characteristics.
Methodology: This research was based on a number of lexicon-semantic and structural-grammatical methods of analysis. In addition, the authors used component analysis of the meaning of language units, methods of synchronous, comparative and comparative analysis, as well as structural-typological, comparative-historical, historical-etymological methods.
Main findings: The authors presented the evaluation of linguistic-philosophical aspects of the concept “destiny”, ways of its representation in various concept spheres, as well as patterns of its functioning in various discourses. In addition, this concept belongs to the category of axiological concepts and is regarded as a marker of the national mental space. It has a cultural dimension and is able to determine the specificity of the national concept sphere.
Applications of this study: The results of this work can be used in further studying the concept of "destiny" in both related and genetically distant languages, in various types of discourse. A promising is a separate consideration of the phraseological and paremiological embodiment of the studied concept, as well as its connection with other concepts, such as “life”, “death”, “happiness”, “love”, “soul”, “path”, etc. It is also worth to note the are practical significance of the study of the translation aspect of the concept "destiny".
Implications of the study: The authors believe that the results of the study will help to better understand the native Chinese speakers. This can help increase the effectiveness of intercultural communication, which is immeasurably important in living conditions in the “global village”, as well as respect for one’s culture and understanding of someone else’s.
Novelty/Originality of this study: The significance of the study is due to the fact that, according to our data, a systematic comparative description of the universal and cultural-specific characteristics of the concept “destiny” in Chinese and Kazakh linguocultures has not yet been carried out. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the development and refinement of the scientific understanding of the characteristics of the concept, the definition of specific discreteness, which the concept “destiny” implements in Chinese and Kazakh languages.
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Luneva, Alexandra I. "Political Myth about the Witch Calon Arang in the Novel “Manjali and Chakrabirava” by the Indonesian Author Ayu Utami." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies 14, no. 2 (2022): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2022.210.
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The article explores the novel Manjali and Cakrabirawa (2010) by one of the most outstanding modern Indonesian writers, Ayu Utami (born in 1968), whose philosophical and intellectual work marked the beginning of a new era in Indonesian literature. The novel was not translated into English and has not been the subject of research in Russia. Articles on the topic are few and only deal with themes of gender studies and feminism. This article provides an analysis of the interpretation of the plot-forming mythological layer of the novel. Utami boldly raises the topic of political repression through mythological optics, offers her own view on the construction of the image of a witch called Calon Arang, supposedly a political rival of a historical figure — Raja Airlangga (1000–1049), the ruler of the Javanese-Balinese state of Kediri (1042–1222). Calon Arang, nicknamed Rangda (“widow”), is a well-known character in folklore, the story has many versions. The relevance of the article is due to the paradox of the myth of Calon Arang: on the one hand, its characters and plot are well known to Indonesians (primarily Javanese and Balinese), but on the other hand, the myth remains poorly understood. Cultural-historical, comparative-typological and mythopoetic methods make it possible to analyze the mythological images in her novel “Manjali and Cakrabirava”, which is, as the events of the mythological plot of the 11th century, associated with political issues — the struggle for power and the demonization of the opponent.
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Plank, Frans. "Greenlandic in comparison." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 3 (January 1, 1990): 309–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.3.04pla.
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Summary The first descriptive grammar of Greenlandic Eskimo was published in 1760 by Paul Egede, continuing the work of his father, Hans, and his missionary collaborator, Albert Top. Curiously, however, the comparative study of Greenlandic had already been inaugurated in 1745, when Marcus Wöldike (1699–1750), professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen, read a remarkable paper to the Kiøbenhavnske Selskab af Lœrdoms of Videnskabers Elskere, published next year in the proceedings of that Society. Based on information obtained from the Egedes, Wöldike presented a grammar of Greenlandic in summary form and compared Greenlandic to about two dozen other languages on some sixty phonological, morphological, and syntactic criteria. As it turned out, Greenlandic was rather similar to Hungarian, sharing with it a great many features (especially such as Hungarian did not share with European languages such as Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish, English, German, Irish, Welsh, Breton, Latin, Italian, French, Ancient Greek, and Slavonic) and showing preciously few differences. American languages, represented by Tupi, Carib, Huron, Natick, and Algonkin, were found to differ considerably from Greenlandic; and Hebrew, Arabic, and Turkish did not much better. Lapp and Finnish came out as close structural relatives of Hungarian – which amounted to the first published demonstration of the Finno-Ugric hypothesis, antedating Saj-novics’s of 1770 and Gyarmathi’s of 1799. For Wöldike the large-scale agreements especially between Greenlandic and Hungarian were no inexplicable chance coincidences. The explanation he suggested was not typological, drawing on necessary correlations of the structural features shared, but historical. Rather than positing a common Ursprache, as was and continued to be the fashion, however, he invoked diffusion within a Sprachbund, localized, somewhat vaguely, in Tartary, from where the Greenlanders and Hungarians (and Lapps and Finns too) had supposedly migrated to their present habitats.
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Dubova, M. A., and V. A. Tamazyan. "Verbs of Thought as a Way of Characterizing Hero-Intellectual in Short Prose of A. P. Chekhov and A. I. Kuprin." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 9 (November 30, 2022): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-9-88-123.
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The verbs of thought and their role in the characterization of the linguistic personality of the hero-intellectual based on the stories of A. P. Chekhov “My Life” and A. I. Kuprin “Moloch” is examined in the article. It is noted that this study will allow a comparative analysis of the characters in order to identify the typical and individual in their ideas about the world, in the system of their views on the world, in the direction of their thought process. The relevance of the work is determined by addressing the problem of describing a linguistic personality in a literary text. The novelty of the article lies in the study of variations in the representation of the model personality of the hero-intellectual in late 19th century Russian prose. The article uses methods of semantic and linguo-stylistic analysis, comparison and description of language units. The conclusions substantiate that in the presence of distinctive features in the mental activity of the characters, as well as in the principles of constructing their speech strategies, there are common, typological properties, which is due to their belonging to the same social stratum and cultural and historical era. The authors believe that these characters can be attributed to the model language personality of a Russian intellectual at the turn of the 19th—20th centuries.
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Kryuchkov, Igor V., Natalia D. Kryuchkova, and Ashot A. Melkonyan. "Внешняя торговля Британской Индии на рубеже XIX–XX вв. (по материалам дипломатических представительств России)." Oriental studies 15, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 200–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-2-200-213.
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Introduction. The history of British Raj’s foreign economic activity development at the turn of the 20th century remains somewhat understudied both in Russian and foreign historiography. Since the 1880s, India significantly increased foreign trade to become Asia’s leader in this regard. Goals. The paper aims at examining dynamics of India’s export-import operations and foreign trade by countries. Materials and methods. The article analyzes reports and accounts of Russian diplomats to have worked in British Raj, the Near East, and Great Britain. The employed research methods include the historical/genetic, comparative historical, and historical/typological ones. Results. Britain had been India’s dominating trading partner. However, gradually other states also increased trade operations with the latter, especially import ones. The paper emphasizes Russia failed to become a key foreign trade partner of British Raj (except for export of kerosene and import of tea). The identified reasons are contentious British-Russian relations in Central Asia in the 1860s–1890s, poor knowledge of the Indian market, and geographical remoteness. British Raj turned an outpost of Great Britain’s economic strength in the Persian Gulf. At the same time, Indian goods displaced products from other countries — including Britain manufactured ones — in many ports of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Peninsula. The article stresses that the bulk of India’s foreign economic relations were maintained via maritime transport. This was due to complicated natural and climatic factors along land borders, instability in frontiers (Afghanistan and Persia). Nonetheless, British Raj was increasing its economic presence in Afghanistan, Persia, Nepal, Ceylon, Siam, and western provinces of China. An important place in India’s foreign trade was occupied by transit trade and re-export of goods from other states, which makes it difficult to accurately determine the actual volume of its foreign trade. Conclusions. The specifics of India’s national economic development can thus be traced in the structure of its foreign trade. The exports were dominated by raw materials and foodstuffs; manufactured products were only making their way to foreign markets. The difficulties were largely associated with the Great Britain’s colonial policy in India since the former sought to keep using the latter as a market for industrial products produced in the British Isles. On the eve of WW I, British Raj was building up its economic potential through strengthening its positions in world trade.
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Bukhogolova, Sayana B., Subad B. Dashieva, Zinaida A. Debenova, Bair L. Tushinov, and Nomin D. Tsyrenova. "О сочинении дорампа Игнен-Чоймпела «Почитание величественного Хан-Бархана: „Драгоценность-чинтамани, быстро исполняющая желания“»." Oriental Studies 14, no. 5 (December 30, 2021): 1016–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-57-5-1016-1031.
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Introduction. The article deals with the xylograph Tegüs čoγtu qan gbar-mkan-u takilγ-a küsel türgen qangγaγči čindamani erdeni kemegdekü orusiba (Worship of the majestic Khan-Barkhan: „Chintamani-treasure, quickly fulfilling desires“) by dorampa Ignen-Choimpel; the treatise is part of the collection kept in the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (Ulan-Ude). It aims to analyze the source along the following lines: i) to identify the author of the manuscript, ii) to transliterate the text and check the accuracy of its reading with a focus on its specific lexical features, iii) to identify the time and place of its compilation and publication, iv) to research similar works related to the cult of Mount Khan-Barkhan, and v) to examine the structure of the text and give a short description of its content. Methods and materials. The methodology of source studies, as well as the textological analysis used by the present researchers helped establish dorampa Ignen-Choimpel’s exceptional knowledge of Buddhist philosophy and of the Mongolian language. Comparative-historical, typological, and descriptive methods were instrumental in examining the transformation of the mountain worship ritual in the process of its historical development. Granted the role of mountains as an essential element in the worldview of many cultures, as well as the significance of the text for practices of Buryats of Barguzin region today, the present research is of much relevance. The article may be used as a source for studies of the factors influencing the current revival of the mountain cult and the present religious practices of the population in the region. Results. The text under study contains new data concerning the veneration of ezhins — host-spirits of local features such as mountains, the Barkhan mountain of Kurumkan region in Buryatia, in particular. Also, this is a piece of important historical evidence shedding light on the cultural and religious processes that took place among the Buryats in the 19th century. Conclusions. The research indicated the presence of syncretic elements in the text of the treatise, including borrowings of some shamanic traditional rituals associated with the mountain worship, as well as the presence of specific lexical elements such as archaic words and expressions. Importantly, Buddhist borrowings of shamanic deities and rituals familiar to the local Buryat people contributed to the promotion of Buddhism among the local population.
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Łuczyński, Michał. "A Fragment of the Mythological Discourse of the Pagan Slavs in Orthodox Literature." Respectus Philologicus 21, no. 26 (April 25, 2012): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2012.26.15481.
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Textual reconstruction is a very peculiar linguistic discipline and, although scores of scientific publications profess to deal with it, there are still not many theoretical works dealing with its methodological foundations. In a number of works published since the early 1960s, several Russian linguists of the semiological school of Tartu University – V. V. Ivanov and V. N. Toporov – have developed a distinctive approach to textual reconstruction. Their hypothesis of the “basic myth,” as they call the Slavic myth about the duel of the Thunder God (*Perunъ) and his adversary (*Velesъ), is based on the comparative and structural analysis of a huge number of historical and folk texts of many traditions, as well as on typological confirmations and binary interpretations. Linguists such as T. M. Sudnik, T. V. Civ’jan and R. Katičić have been strongly influenced by this school. Actually, these elements are not found in the works of Radoslav Katičić, who has contributed a reconstruction of Balto-Slavic texts connected with pagan fertility rites as correlated with the myth of an incestuous marriage between the son of the Storm God and his sister; however, the way he uses folklore material owes a lot to Ivanov and Toporov.The author of this work focuses on the problem of the possibility of reconstructing mythological discourse as a method of paleolinguistic research. This paper is intended as a synthetic overview of one of the neglected topics of textual reconstruction – the intertextual analysis of literary Old Russian texts. The article is centred on the reconstruction of a fragment of pagan oral discourse on the basis of homiletic and paranetic literature. The result – a fragment of the myth about the Slavic god called *Rodъ – is compared with the theory of Indo-European textual reconstruction on the syntactic and paradigmatic levels and their corresponding contexts in various common Slavic languages. The article aims to use and examine theoretical ideas of this branch of Indo-European linguistics in a practical study of a text and its transformations.
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Bayazitova, Rozaliya R. "Организация жилого пространства в традиционном этикете башкир." Oriental Studies 14, no. 6 (December 30, 2021): 1281–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-58-6-1281-1289.
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Introduction. In traditional culture, proxemic behavior is of great importance. The article is based on the results of the research on the structuring of the dwelling and the observance of ethno-etiquette norms within the framework of the traditional living space of the Bashkirs. The aim was to study the structure of the living space, interiors, and the stylistics of behavior in the traditional dwelling. Materials and methods. The main research sources were the author’s unpublished field materials, as well as published folklore texts, reports of the participants of academic expeditions of the 18th century, which contain valuable information about the temporary and permanent dwellings of Bashkirs. Methods used for the analysis were comparative-historical, typological, structural-semantic, and descriptive. The chronological framework of the study covers the period between the 18th and early 20th centuries. Results. The research shows that the structuring of living space is closely related to ancient beliefs, religion, and the ethnic history of the people. Vertical and horizontal divisions of the dwelling and analysis of space distribution inside the yurt indicate that the dwelling was perceived as a model of the world. The horizontal structuring of the inner space was associated with the ancient knowledge of the Bashkirs about the cardinal points, later enriched with Muslim teachings. In their behavior in the interiors, the Bashkirs were guided by the structural-semantic model of the dwelling, the entire developed space. In this aspect, gender, age, and social status were important factors of the traditional etiquette. The dwelling represented a cultivated, protected space, separating “one’s own” space from “other’s”, according to the structure of the internal space, and creating conditions for variable behavior; family members and guests followed binary oppositions, such as left versus right, male versus female, honorable versus less honorable, the parts for guests and household activities, top and bottom, center and periphery.
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Kamandzhaev, Narma A. "Первый опыт двусторонних консультаций для Госплана Монголии в рамках Совета экономической взаимопомощи (сентябрь–октябрь 1963 г.)." Oriental studies 15, no. 3 (October 17, 2022): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-60-3-451-459.
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Introduction. Since Mongolia joined the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance it became obliged to coordinate its planning activities with other member countries. And the planning coordination process proper essentially included arrangements of bilateral consultations between Mongolia’s planning agency and those of corresponding member countries. Goals. So, the study aims at examining earliest bilateral consultations held by Mongolia’s Planning Commission in September–October of 1963. Materials and methods. The article analyzes documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and the Russian State Archive of the Economy. The key research methods employed are the comparative historical and typological ones. Results. The mentioned bilateral consultations were discussing two groups of questions, namely: a list of enterprises the Mongolian party was going to construct with the aid of other CMEA member countries, and lists of goods to be exchanged between the involved countries through the balance method. Conclusions. The bilateral consultations between the MPR’s Planning Commission and planning agencies of CMEA member governments held in September–October of 1963 proved an absolutely new line of activity for Mongolian economists. The former’s key points were discussions over lists of construction and other facilities required by the Mongolian party. And the almost full absence of data pertaining to construction funding sources implies the negotiation process — at that very stage — was far from being complete. It was the Soviet Union that was still expected to invest most in Mongolia’s economy and bear the bulk of responsibility for the to be constructed enterprises. The ‘greediest’ government engaged in discussions over economic aid to Mongolia was that of Romania, other CMEA member countries to have clustered into a group of so called ‘averages’. The latter did not differ much in scales of to be rendered aid, while essentials of their sector-specific investments did vary to some extent.
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Kamandzhaev, Narma A. "Первый опыт двусторонних консультаций для Госплана Монголии в рамках Совета экономической взаимопомощи (сентябрь–октябрь 1963 г.)." Oriental studies 15, no. 3 (October 13, 2022): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-61-3-451-459.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Since Mongolia joined the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance it became obliged to coordinate its planning activities with other member countries. And the planning coordination process proper essentially included arrangements of bilateral consultations between Mongolia’s planning agency and those of corresponding member countries. Goals. So, the study aims at examining earliest bilateral consultations held by Mongolia’s Planning Commission in September–October of 1963. Materials and methods. The article analyzes documents from the Russian State Archive of Contemporary History and the Russian State Archive of the Economy. The key research methods employed are the comparative historical and typological ones. Results. The mentioned bilateral consultations were discussing two groups of questions, namely: a list of enterprises the Mongolian party was going to construct with the aid of other CMEA member countries, and lists of goods to be exchanged between the involved countries through the balance method. Conclusions. The bilateral consultations between the MPR’s Planning Commission and planning agencies of CMEA member governments held in September–October of 1963 proved an absolutely new line of activity for Mongolian economists. The former’s key points were discussions over lists of construction and other facilities required by the Mongolian party. And the almost full absence of data pertaining to construction funding sources implies the negotiation process — at that very stage — was far from being complete. It was the Soviet Union that was still expected to invest most in Mongolia’s economy and bear the bulk of responsibility for the to be constructed enterprises. The ‘greediest’ government engaged in discussions over economic aid to Mongolia was that of Romania, other CMEA member countries to have clustered into a group of so called ‘averages’. The latter did not differ much in scales of to be rendered aid, while essentials of their sector-specific investments did vary to some extent.