Academic literature on the topic 'Historical, comparative and typological linguistics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Historical, comparative and typological linguistics"
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Iliadi, Alexander. "IRANO — SLAVICA: HISTORICAL-WORD-BUILDING PARALLELS." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 18, no. 28 (July 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2019-28-9.
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The paper deals with the findings of the research dedicated to the study of word-building in the Iranian and Slavonic languages in the comparativehistorical aspect. The task of the article was comparative analysis of Iranian and Slavonic lexemes with common Indo-European roots in diachrony and synchrony. Particularly, their etymology and peculiarities of functioning have been reviewed. In the course of the research the hypothesis of the common Indo-European legacy for word-building of the two language groups (Iranian and Slavonic) has been proved. At the same time the evidence for the common innovations for the age of Slavonic and Iranian contacts has been found. The prototypes and derivatives have been analyzed in detail with the selection of typologically common and specific linguistic features of derivation. The methodology of this research involved the inductive and deductive methods, the method of contrastive analysis and ethnic methodological conversation analysis. The analyzed word-building parallels and the conclusions are of great relevance for both comparative and historic and general linguistics. Comparativistics also employs the typological reference point. It is not only the presence of morphologically identical and chronologically similar complexes (combinations of morphemes) in two typologically not distant languages that is important. There should also be typological similarity of the processes of the word structure modification in case one and the same element is used. This proves the potential possibility of the equal development of the group of non-distantly related units in different languages. The perspective is seen in reviewing this issue in the different groups of the Indo-European languages.
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Korbozerova, Nina. "TASKS OF MODERN LINGUISTIC TYPOLOGY AND CONTRASTIVE LINGUISTICS (on the example of comparing Spanish and Ukrainian languages)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 41 (2022): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2022.41.03.
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When comparing the native language and a foreign language, several methods of comparison are used, which differ significantly from each other. Therefore, the disciplines that deal with the comparison of two or more languages are multilingual, they are based on cross-linguistic comparison. Comparative-historical, areal, and typological research aims to build appropriate classifications of languages, they are aimed at finding similar features in the compared languages that connect them and form the basis for genetic correspondences, which is explained by primary linguistic affinity. Contrastive linguistics is mainly interested in what distinguishes the languages being compared, and what may be a factor causing cross-linguistic interference. Comparative typology and congruent linguistics, not being interested in the genetic origin of languages, their diachronic development, have their specific goals, purpose, research material and limits of application. If comparative typology pays attention primarily to similar features between two languages, then contrastive linguistics focuses on identifying differences in order to prevent mistakes when learning foreign languages.
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Shields, Kenneth. "Typological Assessment of Reconstruction: Did Indo-European Have Inclusive and Exclusive First Person Plural Personal Pronouns?" Lingua Posnaniensis 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-009-0004-z.
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Typological Assessment of Reconstruction: Did Indo-European Have Inclusive and Exclusive First Person Plural Personal Pronouns?This brief article attempts to apply current typological theory about the structure of person-marking paradigms to reconstructions of early Indo-European personal pronoun declension and early Indo-European verbal conjugation in order to determine whether or not such application can shed light on the traditional debate about whether or not an inclusive/exclusive opposition can be ascribed to the protolanguage. Despite the demonstrated positive value of typology in assessing the plausibility of reconstructions, the conclusion reached here is that current typological theory is very limited in its ability to resolve this particular issue of historical/comparative Indo-European linguistics.
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Weingarten, Rüdiger. "Comparative graphematics." Written Language and Literacy 14, no. 1 (February 17, 2011): 12–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/wll.14.1.02wei.
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This paper seeks to outline comparative graphematics as a linguistic approach within writing systems research and typology. In addition to providing a general outline of the approach and its benefits, it is exemplified through a discussion of the relation between the gemination of consonant letters and the graphemic representation of long consonants. Two different approaches within comparative graphematics are applied, one that asks about the meaning or function of the units of writing systems and one that starts with linguistic (e.g. phonological or morphological) units or structures and looks at whether they are represented (and, if so, how) in various writing systems. Consequently, two different typological matrices are presented. Moreover, through a combination of historical and comparative perspectives, the paper investigates the diachronic transitions in the functions of a graphemic construction, as observed within the history of a single writing system or in its adoption within several systems. It is shown that an inherited construction, such as the germination of consonant letters, can be reanalysed; if it loses its former representational function during the course of language change, it may subsequently be utilized for different purposes. A construction may also remain as an ‘evolutionary vestige’ within a writing system, at least for some time. Similar forms of reanalysis can be found if a construction is applied to a new language. Keywords: graphematics; orthography; writing system; script; comparative linguistics; cross-linguistic studies; typology; germination
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Desző, Lásló. "Synchrony, diachrony and Greenberg's state-process model: From the viewpoint of typological characterization." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 64 (2008): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi0864109d.
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After a brief survey of the history of diachronic typology, the author focuses his attention on the typological methods applied to historical comparative linguistics. Then some basic issues of Greenberg's state-process model are examined as a possible model for diachronic typology. Morphological and word-order typology are used for the illustration of the author's statements and comments.
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Rsaliyeva, Zhulduz. "TYPOLOGICAL SIMILARITIES OF PAREMIOLOGICAL UNITS ABOUT "LABOUR" (ON THE BASIS OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN AND KAZAKH LANGUAGES)." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2020): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83125.
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Purpose of the study: The main task of the article is to represent the English, Russian and Kazakh proverbs and sayings’ equivalents about the labour. The semantic characteristics of the paremiological units’ on the thematic group "labour" in English, Russian and Kazakh languages are examined comparatively for the first time.
Methodology: The semantic components of paremiological units about labour were analyzed, considering their general and specific characteristics by using the qualitative method. Until now three genetically not related paremiological units in English, Russian and Kazakh languages were not fully investigated in linguistics contrastively and comparatively. Component analysis, descriptive analysis, contextual and comparative analysis were used as a tool for investigation of the following work.
Main findings: Paremiological units of three different people and from various group languages can have universal lexemes in their components. The similar paremiological units of several languages are considered as a typological phenomenon, because of having similar life stages and historical correlation. Studying the paremiological units, we have the opportunity to get acquainted with the peoples’ culture, the range of interests, worldview, and psychology of the people.
Applications of this study: The results and conclusions of the work can be used in the preparation of language textbooks and seminars, teaching textbooks, and special courses in comparative typology and general linguistics in the future.As well as, the following work can be the beginning of the composing the trilingual dictionary in English, Russian and Kazakh languages.
The novelty of the study: The proverbs and sayings about "labour" of unrelated languages in terms of comparative and contrastive study have so far been little studied, especially in linguistics, and such study of this field will reveal universal and nationally specific features between English, Russian and Kazakh proverbs, which will have practical and theoretical significance.
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Asatiani, Rusudan, Marine Ivanishvili, and Ether Soselia. "Relationship between the Kartvelian Roots *γwn- ‘wine’ and *γun - ‘creep, curve, twist’ Rusudan Asatiani, Marine Ivanishvili & Ether Soselia." Athens Journal of Philology 9, no. 4 (November 11, 2022): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajp.9-4-2.
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Thomas Gamkrelidze &Viacheslav Ivanov’s fundamental work, based on lexical borrowings and structural-typological similarities of the Indo-European, Kartvelian, and Semitic Proto-Languages, confirms that the Georgians (Kartvelian tribes) together with the representatives of ancient civilizations (Indo-Europeans and Semites) historically belong to the same chronological stage. In this respect, the lexical units denoting ‘wine’ in the above-mentioned languages, being the subject of much research, seem very notable. The views on the Kartvelian origin of the respective stems are as old as that of considering the Kartvelian form as an Indo-European borrowing. Various viewpoints exist because the reasonable etymology of the stem has not been established based on Kartvelian data. The paper examines the Common-Kartvelian stem *γvin- ‘wine’, reconstructed by the comparison of Georgian, Megrelian, Laz, and Svan (resp. Kartvelian languages) linguistic data. Taking into account that the root represents a regular form defined by the rules of Kartvelian ablaut alternations, it is possible to regard this form as a Kartvelian stem derived from the verb *γun- denoting ‘creep, curve, twist’, and not as an Indo-European borrowing, as it used to be accepted. Thus, another linguistic-typological parallel between Kartvelian and Indo-European languages has been revealed at the lexical level. Keywords: Kartvelian languages, Indo-European languages, Semitic languages, Comparative-Historical linguistics, Kartvelian ablaut patterns, the lexeme wine
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Nikitin, Oleg V., and Natalia V. Patroeva. "Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 9 (December 6, 2021): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-9-117-121.
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The report on the international conference “Second Fortunatov Readings in Karelia”, held at Petrozavodsk State University on June 3–4, 2021, is presented. It is noted that the name of F. F. Fortunatov is a significant phenomenon in the history of world linguistics for understanding the development of scientific theory and methodology in linguistics. The scientist laid the foundations of modern grammatical theory, assessed controversial processes in the field of the history and accentology of Slavic and Baltic languages, and contributed to the formation of new linguistic trends. The Fortunatov School at the end of the 19th century went beyond the geographical borders of Russia and became known abroad as one of the most advanced academic schools. A brief description of the program and the reports presented, covering the problems of historical and diachronic linguistics in the context of comparative and typological linguistics, language teaching methods, syntax, dialectology, communication theory, culture of language and poetics, is given. Special attention is paid to the relevance in modern linguistics of F. F. Fortunatov’s ideas. Parallels are drawn with related humanities disciplines.
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Stausland Johnsen, Sverre. "A diachronic account of phonological unnaturalness." Phonology 29, no. 3 (December 2012): 505–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675712000243.
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Norwegian retroflexion exhibits some phonetic properties that do not seem to ‘make sense’. In Standard East Norwegian, an alveolar /ɾ/ causes a following alveolar coronal to become postalveolar, and in the Frogner and Arendal dialects of Norwegian, the same postalveolarisation process is triggered by a uvular /ʁ/. Comparative analyses of Norwegian dialects reveal that these properties are the results of historical changes and phonological diffusion across dialects. Theories attempting to analyse Norwegian retroflexion as phonetically ‘natural’ can neither fully account for these properties of Norwegian retroflexion nor capture the typological generalisations found across Norwegian dialects.
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Nurgali, Kadisha, Viktoriya Siryachenko, Liliya Mukazhanova, Marzhan Zhapanova, and Rabiga Nurgali. "Literary Translation as One of the Main Tools of Artistic Reception: On the Example of Kazakh-Russian Literary Interaction." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): 2626–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1212.20.
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The literary interactions are the result of intercultural communication based on the ancient history of mankind, which marked the beginning of the globalization process. The article explores the historical foundations of the Kazakh-Russian literary interactions and the peculiarities of their development. The literary translation becomes the main tool of artistic reception of the Russian writers’ creative work in Kazakh culture. This is the subject of the research of the article. The study of the interactions between Kazakh and Russian literatures is important in the context of comparative literary studies, which shows the common history of the two peoples. The article uses chronological and typological methods to identify the stages of establishment and development of cultural relations between the two nations. The cultural-historical method was used to identify the origins of the tradition of literary translation between two cultures, the national characteristics, the historical factors that served as the basis for the intercultural integration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historical, comparative and typological linguistics"
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Kazeminejad, Ghazaleh. "Pronominal Complex Predicates in Colloquial Persian." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/5.
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Pronominal complex predicates in colloquial Persian are periphrastic constructions with an idiosyncratic syntactic pattern. They show a peculiar behavior compared to the regular agreement system in Persian, and they are the only construction in Persian which requires the obligatory presence of a pronominal enclitic. This work is an attempt to analyze this construction in order to find its function. For this purpose, a lexical semantic classification of them was proposed, which helped in presenting a new analysis. It was found out that this construction is used to express a particular diathesis in which the topic of the sentence (determined according to Givón’s topicality hierarchy) is an indirect participant. I proposed a hybrid dual-layer agreement system which includes a morphosyntactic and a semantic layer. The pronominal enclitic was analyzed as a phrasal affix and agreement marker by reference to Givón’s (1976) and Anderson’s (2005) arguments. The construction was analyzed to be an instance of the external possessor construction proposed by Haig (2008), which is observed in Iranian languages. The classification of the data clarified the mapping of semantics onto syntax. The proposed analysis could be added to and unified with the current analysis of Persian complex predicates (Bonami and Samvelian, 2009).
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Pulleyblank, Douglas, Ping Jiang-King, Myles Leitch, and Nike Ola. "Typological Variation Through Constraint Rankings: Low Vowels in Tongue Root Harmony." Department of Linguistics, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/227278.
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One of the fundamental claims of Optimality Theory is that by varying the rankings of universal constraints, different grammars result (Prince & Smolensky 1993). Just as the ranking A » B should define an occurring language, so should the ranking B ≫ A. In this paper, we examine this claim in the domain of tongue root harmony systems, specifically with respect to the behaviour of low vowels. We examine cases where the relative ranking of faithfulness conditions and alignment conditions is varied with respect to substantive conditions governing low vowels. Our primary conclusions are twofold. First, we find that the types of typological variation expected to occur do occur; six different types of harmony patterns are presented. Second, we note that a large degree of variation is attested in a very narrowly defined area of the phonology. This paper begins by a basic discussion of the formal constraints assumed to govern vowel harmony, followed by a discussion of a case where low vowels harmonise in a manner comparable to other vowels (Degema). We then turn to six cases (five languages) where we observe asymmetric behaviour. First, we discuss cases involving constraints against feature "insertion" and feature "spreading ", constraints of the faithfulness family (Yoruba, Konni, Ngbaka-Ma'bo). Second, we turn to cases involving constraints of the alignment family, cases where harmony exhibits directional asymmetries (Ngbaka-Ma'bo, Emalhe, Maasai).
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Shirtz, Shahar. "Patterns of Morphosyntactic and Functional Diversification in the Usage of Cognate Verbs in Indo-Iranian." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/22720.
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This is a study of processes of structural and functional diversification of the uses of three cognate verbs across the Indo-Iranian language family: “do/make”, “be/become”, and “give”. First, this study identifies over sixty distinct construction types in which these verbs are used, including complex predicate constructions, nominal predication constructions, serial verb constructions, and several distinct auxiliary constructions. Since the sets of verbs studied here are cognates, and share a common source, crosslinguistic differences in their uses are the result of grammatical change, and especially shared and parallel innovations of similar uses.
Then, this study presents a taxonomy of different complex predication types with “do/make”, and shows that there are general patterns in the deployment of different types of complex predication to express different types of situations. These patterns exhibit “transitivity prominence” previously identified by typologists with “heavy” or “lexical” verbs. This study then shows that these patterns are the result of several distinct pathways of grammatical change, often motivated by analogy to existing constructions, giving raise to different types of N-V complex predication constructions.
Then, this study shows that despite the fact that Indo-Iranian speakers can potentially deploy distinct constructions to encode each of the six nominal predication functions, sets of such functions are often co-expressed by the same structural coding means, especially clauses with cognate “be/become” verbs. This study uses a novel method, based on bipartite network graphs, to compare of the degree to which nominal predication functions are co-expressed in different languages.
Finally, this study shows that the three sets of cognate verbs are more likely to be used similarity within branches and subbranches of Indo-Iranian than across branches. The scope of this branches, however, is different for different verbs: “do/make” and “give” behave more similarly in languages which belong to the same major branch, Iranian or Indo-Aryan, but “be/become” clusters are at different levels of subbranching. This is the result of the different types of innovations attested with these verbs: reanalysis and actualization motivated by analogy with “do/make” and “give”, and metaphorical and metonymy extensions with “be/become”.
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Omar, Shalina. "Being Japanese in English: The Social and Functional Role of English Loanwords in Japanese." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/620.
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This thesis investigates native speaker attitudes towards English loanwords in Japanese and the ways in which these loanwords are used. The imperialism and hegemony of English can often cause anger or worry for the preservation of the cultural identity of the borrowing language. However, the results from a 9-page sociolinguistic questionnaire suggest that English loanwords are overwhelmingly seen as useful and necessary and are generally associated with positive attitudes. Additionally, many native Japanese speakers feel that loanwords provide more options for expression, both functionally and as a possible pragmatic tool for performing Japaneseness. On the other hand, overuse of loanwords—especially less common ones—can also exemplify the power imbalance between Japanese and the powerful and hegemonic English. The study also revealed how powerful the Japanese linguistic systems are at assimilating English into the Japanese language. With established and institutionally supported phonological and orthographic conventions in place, foreign-derived vocabulary can easily become nativized, assimilated, and considered to be Japanese in the minds of speakers.
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Birth, Ann-Inga. "New words : a study of applied linguistic relativity and the types and historical development of word formation in literature." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=230032.
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This thesis is a literary linguistic study of lexical innovation in fiction. It uses corpus linguistic methods and concepts of morphological theory to develop a new word typology and to examine new words as to their role in directing a reader's imagination and with regard to their frequency and distribution in classic English literature between 1750 and 1923. A 56 million word corpus consisting of a homogenous variety of texts converted from online literature databases serves as the basis for a chronologically structured new word extraction. This is carried out aided by the concordancer programme AntConc. The following three aspects are addressed in this research. The first attempts to explain why certain new words appear newer than other equally novel forms. It demonstrates that the factors influencing a word's novelty effect are wordlike-ness, morpheme content, and formal and semantic analogy. A new word typology is derived from these. A second main section focuses on stylistic aspects. If the words we use influence the way we think, as theorised in the principle of linguistic relativity, then forming new words and reading these should influence the way we think about what they describe. The second element identifies the strategies authors may use to affect their readers' associations through word formation. A third section is a frequency and distribution analysis of the new words extracted, taking historical developments, text mode and form, genre, and new word types into account. It adds quantitative data to the qualitative investigation preceding it, showing that verse and prose, text forms, and genres as well as time periods differ in the new words they produce and providing evidence for the characteristics of each.
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Toulmin, Matthew William Stirling, and matt_toulmin@sall com. "Reconstructing linguistic history in a dialect continuum: The Kamta, Rajbanshi, and Northern Deshi Bangla subgroup of Indo-Aryan." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2006. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20070411.000201.
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This study outlines a methodological framework for reconstructing linguistic history within a dialect continuum and applies this methodology to an under-described, controversial, and complex subgroup of New Indo-Aryan (NIA)the Kamta, Rajbanshi and Northern Deshi Bangla lects (KRNB).
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Dialect continua are characterised by non-discrete boundaries between speech communities, and as a result previously divergent lects may undergo common innovations; the result is the familiar picture of overlapping dialectological isoglosses. The sequencing of these innovations and the historical relations between the lects involved are often highly ambiguous. Given the right sociohistorical conditions, a widespread innovation may be more recent than a localised innovationthe very opposite sequencing to that implied by the splits in a family tree.
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Not surprisingly, discrete application to the NIA continuum of traditional methodologiesincluding the Comparative Method, etymological reconstruction and dialect geographyhas yielded unsatisfactory and at times chronologically distorted results. Historical studies, therefore, have chosen between: (a) only studying the histories of NIA lects with written records; (b) reconstructing using the chronology suggested by the shape of a family tree; or (c) settling for a flat, non-historical account of dialect geography.
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Under the approach developed here, the strengths of each of these traditional methods are synthesised within an overarching framework provided by a sociohistorical theory of language change. This synthesis enables the linguistic history of the KRNB lects to be reconstructed with some detail from the proto-Kamta stage (1250-1550 AD) up to the present day. Innovations are sequenced based on three types of criteria: linguistic, textual and sociohistorical. The old Kamta stage, and its relation to old Bangla and Asamiya, is reconstructed based on linguistic Propagation Events and Speech Community Eventstwo concepts central to the methodology. The old Kamta speech community and its language became divided into western, central and eastern subsections during the middle KRNB period (1550-1787 AD, dates assigned by attested sociohistorical events). During the same period, KRNB lects also underwent partial reintegration with NIA lects further afield by means of more widely propagated changes. This trend of differentiation at a local level, concurrent with reintegration at a wider level, also characterises the modern KRNB period from 1787 AD to the present.
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This account of KRNB linguistic history is based on a rigorous reconstruction of changes in phonology and morphology. The result is not only a reconstruction of historical changes, but of the proto-Kamta phoneme inventory, hundreds of words of vocabulary, and specific areas of nominal and verbal morphology. The reconstruction is based on data collected in the field for the purposes of this study. Phonological reconstruction has made use of the WordCorr software program, and the reconstructed vocabulary is presented in a comparative wordlist in an appendix.
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The methodology developed and applied in this study has been found highly successful; though naturally not without its own limitations. This study has significance for its contribution both to the methodology of historical linguistic reconstruction and to the light shed on the linguistic prehistory of KRNB.
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Khoshsirat, Zia. "THE ORIGIN OF THE GILAKI CAUSATIVE SUFFIX -be(ː)-." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/30.
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The Proto-Indo-European causative/iterative suffix *-ei̯e- was inherited by Old Iranian and persists in almost all Middle and Modern Iranian languages as -aya- and -ēn- (-Vn-) respectively. Comparably, in the Indic branch -aya- functions as a causative suffix in Sanskrit beside another suffix -āpaya which became the productive causative suffix -āvē- in Middle Indic and still used in Modern Indic today. Evidence shows eight Eastern Iranian languages- †Khotanese, †Khwarazmian, Parachi, Wakhi, Munji, Pashto, Ormuri, and Yidgha- using the morphological causative suffix in addition to the expected Iranian one -aya- or -Vn-. This alternative causative suffix is reconstructible as *-au̯ai̯a- and its attested reflexes have the forms -VwV-, -Vv-, and -wV-. Moreover, in two dialects of the Northwestern Iranian language Gilaki, Dakhili and Langaroudi, the causative suffix is not -Vn- but is rather -be(ː)- in the present tense. In this study I examine the synchronic function of the Gilaki causative suffix -be(ː)- as well as its diachronic origins. I show that Gilaki -be(ː)- primarily functions as a causative suffix and that it is a form which cannot be explained as an innovation within Gilaki itself through phonological or analogical change. As a matter of fact, I demonstrate that this suffix is better explained as deriving from PIr.*-au̯ai̯a- and is connected to the aforementioned Eastern Iranian suffixes. I also argue the reason for realization of /p/ and */u̯/ in -āpaya and *-au̯ai̯a- is phonological and probably goes back to some stages of PIIr.
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Manning, Emma S. "I Accidentally This Thesis Because East: The Influence of the Internet on Spoken Language in Eastspeak." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/622.
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This thesis examines the variety of English spoken in East Dorm at Harvey Mudd College. It describes aspects of the syntax and phonology of Eastspeak, focusing in particular on how Eastspeak has been influenced by the language of the internet. This includes tendencies toward brevity and language play, as well as the use of specific constructions used on the internet, and playful pronunciations that are influenced by creative misspellings used online. Specific Eastspeak phenomena discussed include conversion, deletion, and unusual determiner and quantifier use.
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Delicado, Cantero Manuel. "The Syntax Of Spanish Prepositional Finite Clauses In A Historical And Crosslinguistic Perspective." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1229634198.
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Konnerth, Linda. "A Grammar of Karbi." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/17928.
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Karbi is a Tibeto-Burman (TB) language spoken by half a million people in the Karbi Anglong district in Assam, Northeast India, and surrounding areas in the extended Brahmaputra Valley area. It is an agglutinating, verb-final language.
This dissertation offers a description of the dialect spoken in the hills of the Karbi Anglong district. It is primarily based on a corpus that was created during a total of fifteen months of original fieldwork, while building on and expanding on research reported by Grüßner in 1978. While the exact phylogenetic status of Karbi inside TB has remained controversial, this dissertation points out various putative links to other TB languages.
The most intriguing aspect of Karbi phonology is the tone system, which carries a low functional load. While three tones can be contrasted on monosyllabic roots, the rich agglutinating morphology of Karbi allows the formation of polysyllabic words, at which level tones lose most of their phonemicity, while still leaving systematic phonetic traces.
Nouns and verbs represent the two major word classes of Karbi at the root level; property-concept terms represent a subclass of verbs.
At the heart of Karbi morphosyntax, there are two prefixes of Proto-TB provenance that have diachronically shaped the grammar of the language: the possessive prefix a- and the nominalizer ke-. Possessive a- attaches to nouns that are modified by preposed elements and represents the most frequent morpheme in the corpus. Nominalization involving ke- forms the basis for a variety of predicate constructions, including most of Karbi subordination as well as a number of main clause constructions. In addition to nominalization, subordination commonly involves clause chaining.
Noun phrases may be marked for their clausal role via -phān `non-subject' or -lòng `locative' but frequently remain unmarked for role. Their pragmatic status can be indicated with information structure markers for topic, focus, and additivity.
Commonly used discourse constructions include elaborate expressions and parallelism more generally, general extenders, copy verb constructions, as well as a number of final particles.
Audio files are available of the texts given in the appendices, particular examples illustrating phonological issues, and phonetic recordings of tone minimal sets.
Supplemental files are located at: https://scholarsbank.uoregon.edu/xmlui/handle/1794/13657
Books on the topic "Historical, comparative and typological linguistics"
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Diachronic and typological perspectives on verbs. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013.
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Yap, Foong Ha. Nominalization in Asian languages: Diachronic and typological perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 2011.
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Peter, Kahrel, and Berg René van den, eds. Typological studies in negation. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1994.
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Brogyanyi, Bela, and Reiner Lipp, eds. Comparative-Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.97.
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Werner, Abraham, and Leiss Elisabeth, eds. Modality-aspect interfaces: Implications and typological solutions. Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2008.
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Artemis, Alexiadou, and Hall T. Alan, eds. Studies on universal grammar and typological variation. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub., 1997.
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Raimo, Anttila, ed. Historical and comparative linguistics. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub. Co., 1989.
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Artemis, Alexiadou, and Hall T. Alan, eds. Studies on universal grammar and typological variation. Amsterdam: J.Benjamins,Netherlands, 1997.
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Contexts of subordination: Cognitive, typological and discourse perspectives. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2014.
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Trask, R. L. Historical linguistics. London: Arnold, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Historical, comparative and typological linguistics"
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Dench, Alan. "Comparative Reconstitution." In Historical Linguistics 1995, 57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.161.05den.
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Ronneberger, Elke. "‘Typological conservatism’ and framing constructions in German morphosyntax." In Historical Linguistics 1991, 295. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.107.20ron.
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Campbell, Lyle. "Beyond the comparative method?" In Historical Linguistics 2001, 33–57. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.237.05cam.
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Herndon, Jeanne H. "Comparative and Historical Linguistics." In Language, 599–603. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-13421-2_35.
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Joseph, Brian D. "Rescuing traditional (historical) linguistics from grammaticalization theory." In Typological Studies in Language, 45–71. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.59.04jos.
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Posner, Rebecca. "Romance comparative grammar and linguistic change." In Historical Linguistics 1987, 399. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.66.28pos.
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Askedal, John Ole. "Typological reflections on loss of morphological case in Middle Low German and in the Mainland Scandinavian languages." In Historical Linguistics 2003, 1–19. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.257.02ask.
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Koerner, E. F. K. "The Natural Science Background to the Development of Historical-Comparative Linguistics." In Historical Linguistics 1989, 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.106.02koe.
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Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. "The Comparative Method and Language Change in Accretion Zones." In Historical Linguistics and Endangered Languages, 155–81. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429030390-10.
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Herbert, Robert K. "Articulatory modes and typological universals." In Papers from the VIth International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Poznań, 22–26 August 1983, 251. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.34.18her.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Historical, comparative and typological linguistics"
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Balashova, Uliya B. "Russian and American almanacs historical dynamics (comparative and typological invariant)." In Communication and Cultural Studies: History and Modernity. Novosibirsk State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1258-1-3-8.
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Costa Rosado, Ana, Vidal Gómez-Martinez, Miguel Reimão Costa, and María Teresa Pérez-Cano. "Traditional houses in the South-Western Iberian Peninsula: Themes for a cross-border comparative typological study." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14497.
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Up until the 13th century, the South-western Iberian Peninsula shared the same cultural and political conditions under the rule of garb-Al-Andaluz. The administrative separation of this territory between two different kingdoms led to deep changes in the culture and daily life on either side of the border, which may have reflected on housing structures. Did the 13th-century border between Spain and Portugal trigger divergent paths in housing types? Or has the previous common background prevailed in shaping house models in the territory around the Guadiana Valley? This paper proposes a set of themes to begin a cross-border study on the traditional house, its changes and continuities. The research is based on in loco architectonic surveys of common houses in the Algarve, Alentejo (Portugal) and Andalusia (Spain). The buildings are analysed as regard their spatial organizations, constructive techniques and urban implantation allowing some themes of change and continuity to emerge. This then allows comparisons between the types of traditional houses in these border regions, their common characteristics, differences and evolution paths. It is noticeable that, given how the South-western Iberia represents the same territorial unit in terms of climate and orography, and – until the 13th century – shared the same historical context, the urban similarities were profound. It is therefore almost surprising how divergent the housing evolution between the two sides would become. The study of housing architecture is of particular relevance to the history of people as the variations reflect how the habits and customs of societies. Especially in societies sharing the same starting point, it shows how habits and customs may diverge after separation into two different administrative entities.
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Klubkova, Tat’iana V. "JOHANN SEVERIN VATER AND SAMOYEDS." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.11.
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The purpose of the article is to show the process of formatting a new kind of linguistics, a contribution by A. Schlözer and I. S. Vater of their version of modern linguistics based on the Samoyed (Nenets) language research. The article demonstrates the way the researchers have arrived at their conclusions through careful selection of sources, both published and archived. The 18th century, the “age of systematics”, complete with a new division of sciences, arrived at the transformation of ethnography and linguistics into independent disciplines. Those were prerequisites for the emergence of comparative- historical linguistics. Using the Samoyed language studies as an example, the article examines Schlözer and Vater’s solution of the problems arising in identifying linguistic kinship: the lack of grammatical descriptions and the difficulties of reliable fixation of a non-written language. The works by Vater are the most significant precursors for the first grammar of the Samoyed language, i. e. The Samoyed Grammar by M. Castrén (1854). Schlözer insisted that the Samoyeds were an independent people, and that the section of his Northern History devoted to their community was a traditional comprehensive description of history, geography, customs, and language. The author determines the place of the Samoyed language among the neighboring peoples, critically analyzing the sources while offering a thematic Latin-Samoyed dictionary. Schlözer’s materials were later referred to in the Comparative Dictionaries… by P. S. Pallas. I. S. Vater, realizing the need for a new classification of sciences, headed the department of ethnography and linguistics, thus re-defining the object of linguistics. Regularly addressing the Samoyed language, as well as publishing texts, dictionaries and grammar notes in it, both addressing his informants and actively cooperating with the international academic community, Vater placed the Samoyed language into a rich academic context. The activities of the conscientious and impartial authors in their particular academic field demonstrates a long process of introducing their new information into circulation, together with changes of visual description: from a mixed description (by Schlözer) to the distinction between ethnography and linguistics (Vater). Refs 12.
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Номати, М. "Эволюция взглядов С. Б. Бернштейна на кашубский вопрос." In Межкультурное и межъязыковое взаимодействие в пространстве Славии (к 110-летию со дня рождения С. Б. Бернштейна). Институт славяноведения РАН, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0459-6.22.
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Samuil B. Bernstein was one of the most renowned Soviet and Russian Slavists, who had an unmatched scholarly breadth and depth and was interested in all aspects of Slavic linguistics. Though he was famous as a specialist in the South Slavic languages and Slavic historical and comparative grammar, he was equally interested in West Slavic languages, particularly in Polish, including Kashubian. In his lifetime, Bernstein did not write much about Kashubian, but from little that he wrote, it seems clear that he changed his views toward Kashubian several times. In this presentation, I will analyze Bernstein’s published and unpublished materials in order to establish at what points in his career, and for what reasons, he changed his views on Kashubian.
Reports on the topic "Historical, comparative and typological linguistics"
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.