Journal articles on the topic 'Historic rural landscape'
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Chen, Yueying, and Wenbin Wei. "Alterations of Historic Rural Landscape Based on the Multifunctional Approach: The Case of Coastal Fishing Villages in the Yangtze River Basin." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 7451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127451.
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The historic landscape is an important component of a village, and the alteration of villages is a necessary process of development. To analyze characteristics of historic rural landscape alterations and the reasons behind them, this study utilized a landscape multifunctional approach and a comprehensive methodology comprising space syntax and field investigations. This study divides the historic rural landscape into two types, ecology-led and production-led patterns, which validate the relationship among ecology, social properties, and cultural connotation in space, offering a new perspective on the alteration of historic rural landscapes. Our findings indicate the interaction among ecology, production, and lives, both diachronically and synchronically, and suggest that it is possible to maintain ecological harmony, functional transformation, and the inheritance of cultural connotation through improving historic rural landscapes.
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Di Fazio, Salvatore, and Giuseppe Modica. "Historic Rural Landscapes: Sustainable Planning Strategies and Action Criteria. The Italian Experience in the Global and European Context." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113834.
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This paper focuses on the historic and cultural dimension of landscape, in relation to the holistic and dynamic approach today required in landscape research. In this direction, the Authors investigate the present role played by historical rural landscapes in relation to their multifaceted character and function. In recent years there has been an ever-growing appreciation of their cultural value, depending on the differential speed of environmental change (relatively high) and people’s adaptation to it (relatively slow), as a matter of compensation. Although reference is often made to the global and the European contexts, Italy is given special attention, since the long history of civilization known by its rural landscapes makes them particularly worthy of consideration and offers a wide variety of examples assuming a more general interest. The main changes occurred in the Italian rural landscapes over the last two centuries are described by referring to their main causes and to the parallel change observed in the urban-rural dialectic. The notion of “cultural landscape”, as it emerges from the international debate and documents, is applied to historic rural landscapes, according to a varied range of conditions and characteristics. Knowledge, identification, interpretation and characterization are fundamental actions to define sustainable landscape management strategies. These last should be diversified according to landscape character, functionality, integrity and obsolescence, not being limited to outstanding landscapes only but considering all rural landscapes as heritage. To this end, heritage strategies and policies must go together with agricultural sectorial policies, since agriculture and farmers are the major actors of rural landscape protection and transformation. EU Common Agricultural Policy is considered by focusing on its effect on rural landscape and proposals coming from the heritage experts for its future implementation are examined. Emerging strategic measures and action criteria are singled out and presented. In any case, to protect historic rural landscapes, balanced change-dynamics and development vitality should be strengthened if present, introduced if not, so as to assure resilience. Neo-rurality today expresses the search for sustainable lifestyles, green development models and a better quality of life, implicitly offering new opportunities for the revitalisation of historic rural landscapes. Finally, a holistic approach and multidisciplinary cooperation are needed to allow for an effective synthesis of the many cultural visions, which today concern the theme of landscape.
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Hardesty, Donald. "Managing the Historic Rural Landscape; Managing Historic Sites and Buildings: Reconciling Presentation and Preservation:Managing the Historic Rural Landscape.;Managing Historic Sites and Buildings: Reconciling Presentation and Preservation." American Anthropologist 103, no. 2 (June 2001): 587–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.2.587.
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Cleere, H. "Book Review: Managing the Historic Rural Landscape; Managing Historic Sites and Buildings." European Journal of Archaeology 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/146195710100400210.
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Nurme, Sulev, Zenia Kotval, Nele Nutt, Mart Hiob, and Sirle Salmistu. "Baroque manorial cores and the landscape." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 166–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-06-2013-0024.
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Purpose – The concepts of “historically valuable landscape,” “historical landscape space,” “landscape space attached to an object of cultural importance,” etc. seem to be understood by most landscape professionals, yet these terms are highly abstract with many possible interpretations. The protected zone of cultural monuments prescribed by law helps to ensure the preservation of these historic artifacts and signifiers of local heritage. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – This paper seeks to provide guidelines that can be articulated to protect cultural landscapes. These guidelines are based on a manorial core study was carried out in 2010 to analyze the changes in road networks and spatial systems of manors over the past 150 years. This study is part of a larger research effort on different aspects of Estonian baroque manor gardens. Findings – Many landscapes may contain historically relevant objects and phenomena not protected by law, which, nevertheless form the basis of a unique local landscape. The altering of such a landscape not only changes its natural form, but may directly impact the cultural identity and milieu of the area, thereby affecting how its inhabitants relate to their environment. Originality/value – Preservation of historic buildings and landscapes plays an important role particularly in relation to manor landscapes. This network has remained well preserved, and the rural landscape based on this Baltic-German manor culture is still strongly reflected in the current landscape through the existing historic landscape elements like housing, viewsheds, roads, etc. Without landscape analysis, it can be challenging for an outsider to understand the spatial context, especially when it has changed and evolved through the years.
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Swensen, Grete, and Anne Sætren. "Managing historic resources in active farming landscapes." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-12-2012-0072.
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Purpose – To counteract processes of landscape deterioration, marginalisation and loss of cultural heritage due to rural restructuring of farming in late-modern Norwegian society, an agricultural landscape scheme started up in 2009. The purpose of this paper is to examine the way this recently introduced strategy of directing particular resources to a group of selected agricultural landscapes contributes in instigating integrated landscape management and to gain insight in the role cultural heritage play. Design/methodology/approach – The authors ask how potential conflicts between local interpretations of cultural heritage and the assessments made by authoritative heritage managers are expressed in the initial planning documents. Findings – While the reasoning and selection of the two areas are strongly influenced by the authoritative heritage discourse, the agricultural landscape scheme is nonetheless open to local adaptations and adjustments, and the two plans vary both in form and contents due to the major stress put on active involvement of farmers to render long-term management feasible. Research limitations/implications – Examination of the role cultural heritage plays is part of a larger research project where problems related to biodiversity, legal implication and public participation are dealt with separately. Originality/value – The study will provide important results for future adjustments and potential enlargement and has transfer value to conservation schemes in other European countries.
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Karvelyte-Balbieriene, Vilma, and Indre Grazuleviciute-Vileniske. "Sustainability of Lithuanian villages with churches and landscape." Journal of Cultural Heritage Management and Sustainable Development 4, no. 1 (May 13, 2014): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jchmsd-09-2012-0043.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical, cultural, and social significance and the role in landscapes of Lithuanian villages with churches and to formulate the hypothetical framework for their revitalization and consequent sustainable development of country's rural landscape. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology of the research encompassed the desktop study (analysis of literature, archival data, maps, and statistical data) and the analyses on site (observation, measurements, and recording in photographs of buildings and urban structures). Findings – The findings of the research include the analysis of the historical development of country's rural settlements with the religious function, formulation of the notion of the contemporary village with church, identification of the contemporary network of country's villages with churches and analysis of their current socioeconomic and sociocultural situation and the role in rural landscape. The results of the analyses were used formulating the hypothetical framework for the revitalization of the villages with churches and the sustainable development of the rural landscape. Originality/value – The analysis of literature demonstrated that Lithuanian villages with churches and their significance for the sustainable development of country's rural landscape are paradoxically neglected subjects. Meanwhile, the foreign experience has demonstrated that historic rural settlements, including the settlements with the religious function, are important not only as separate cultural assets but also can play an important role in the identity, viability, and the sustainable development of rural landscapes. Thus the findings of the research demonstrating the peculiarities and potential of Lithuanian villages with churches can be used in the fields of heritage preservation, landscape management, and rural development.
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Trapani, Ferdinando, Raffaele Savarese, and Fabiola Safonte. "A Territorial Approach to the Production of Urban and Rural Landscape." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v3iss1.188.
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The authors, starting from the examination of the historic data of Palermo landscapes on the south-east side, draws up an analysis of the landscape by illustrating the environmental characteristics and the intervention of man in its transformations. Therefore, determined by a certain point to refer to, the author, on the basis of archival, literary, and existing graphic documentation, has therefore sought to illustrate the evolution of the landscape in the geographical area of Maredolce while still presenting relations with the territory of Palermo. Examining the diaries at the end of the eighteenth century with the help of the water colored planks of the sites taking into account the great patrimony left by landscape painters of the period brought a great deal of information. In this sense it is possible to evaluate the transformation of Maredolce from swampy and abandoned land of the last seventeenth century (end of sugary activity) to that of new irrigation agriculture. Transformation that is common to the entire territory of Palermo, with which numerous comparisons are also carried out on the basis of archival documentation. With the introduction of the industrial economy of the citrus which has wiped out any past historical stratification; before being swept by the cementation of the ‘Conca d’Oro’ which still lasts and of which Maredolce (historic palace and its garden) is the last environmental and cultural heritage as a holistic ecosystem that should absolutely be saved by using integrated urban planning with responsible architectonic restoration approaches.
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Obeso Muñiz, Ícaro. "The spatial diffusion of economic activity in the Oviedo region (1970-2018)." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 72 (December 12, 2019): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo2019.72.09.
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The spread of economic activity in the Oviedo region in northern Spain in recent decades has deeply altered the territorial model. The traditional dichotomy between rural and urban landscapes is blurring, and many functions are being relocated in formerly rural areas. The construction of motorways, and other transport infrastructures, accompanied by the triggering action of both public and private investment, lax legal frameworks, and the amount of flat land, are the main factors that explain the process. Using historic aerial photographs and data gathered by public institutions, this article offers thematic maps to understand the phases and distribution of the spatial diffusion process. The spatial-temporal sequence of landscape changes helps us understand the processes of development in a peri-urban landscape characterised by a diffusion of functions and its role in landscape configuration.
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Garcia, Cecília Souza Gontijo, Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira Paiva, Schirley Fátima Nogueira da Silva Cavalcante Alves, and Mariel De Carvalho Rafael Salgado. "Transformations in the gardens and landscapes of the historical Traituba’s Farm." Ornamental Horticulture 23, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v23i1.953.
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The historic garden should be considered one that has cultural significance, being not only the squares and public gardens, but also its first manifests found in the form of orchard garden and vegetable garden in the historic farms of Brazil. Traituba’s Farm located in southern Minas Gerais, on the Royal Road route, is considered an important historical farm that emerged in the eighteenth century during the settlement process of this region. It was in the same period, that current rural landscape from southern Minas Gerais, composed of several other historic farms and the historic rural gardens began their formation process. The aim of this study was to conduct a historical and cultural rescue of the gardens and landscapes of the Traituba’s Farm. With this rescue, characterize and analyze their landscapes in their different ages, as well as identify and understand the main morphological changes of its gardens included in the architectural complex of the farm. This study focused on the period between 1725 and 2013. To trace the historical, cultural and landscape evolution, it was made researches through site visits, interviews, bibliographic and iconographic research, always following the principles of studies of historic gardens. Traituba’s Farm since its formation was always a region icon, because of its wealth, power and intense trade. Its landscapes have undergone many changes and are characterized initially as a pastoral model, then the bucolic and picturesque style, after the construction of the new farmhouse. With the decline of its activities, decades later the model that remained was the picturesque and pastoral as its origin. For a long time, its gardens were presented as orchards gardens and vegetable gardens with utilitarian characteristics, influenced by the Portuguese culture. Just in 1950s the front yard received a significant intervention and new species were planted where that the design can be seen until today. The significance of this paper is due to the historical value of the Traituba’s Farm, the magnificence of its architectural ensemble, peculiarity of gardens and landscapes, and great cultural representation in the region
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Bostenaru Dan, Maria. "PECSRL 2018: European landscapes for quality of life, 3-9 September 2018, Clermont-Ferrand and Mende, France." Sociologie Romaneasca 18, no. 2 (November 11, 2020): 186–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.33788/sr.18.2.13.
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This article presents a review of the 28th session of the biannual conference of the Permanent European Conference for the Study of the Rural Landscape which was organized in cooperation with the COST action TU1401 “Renewable energy and landscape quality”, building the final conference of the later, after a previous cooperation at the 27th session. The conference was held in Clermont-Ferrand and Mende, around the Chaîne des Puys UNESCO landscape. The landscape, although in France, is one of the remote landscapes in Europe, and was explored by means of the study tours which built the transfer between the first part of the conference in Clermont-Ferrand and the second one in Mende. These tours were various, but emphasized a dimension already present in the session, the agricultural landscape as rural landscape. The agricultural landscape stays also in connection with the geo-products of the UNESCO geopark, and contributes to the quality of life. As management committee substitute in the COST action, a networking scheme funded at European level, the author attended the sessions related to the topic of the action and presented a contribution highlighting the romantic of historic renewable energy landscapes. Their perception contributes to the quality of life as well. Other participants from Romania participated to a dedicated session on Eastern Europe.
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Goto, Junko, and Arnold R. Alanen. "The Conservation of Historic and Cultural Resources in Rural Japan." Landscape Journal 6, no. 1 (1987): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.6.1.42.
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YAMAMOTO, Naohiko, Kazuhiro HIRAO, and Anri MIYAUCHI. "BUILDING LAYOUT INSIDE RURAL HOUSE COMPOUNDS IN SPECIAL PRESERVATION AREAS FOR HISTORIC LANDSCAPE." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 81, no. 721 (2016): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.81.675.
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Ottoni, Federica, and Federica Borghi. "Rural Heritage and Cultural Landscape: Guidelines for Sustainable Seismic Reinforcement of Emilian Historic Rural Building in Italy." Procedia Engineering 161 (2016): 1662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.642.
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Dahl, Bernie. "VIEWS FROM THE ROAD: A COMMUNITY GUIDE FOR ASSESSING RURAL HISTORIC LANDSCAPES." Landscape Journal 15, no. 2 (1996): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.15.2.172.
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Pacheco-Montero, Alegría, and Carlos Rosa-Jiménez. "Social Hybrid Architecture for Water Regeneration in Rural Settlements: A Case Study in the Historic Landscape of La Vega del Guadalfeo, Spain." Journal of Mediterranean Cities 2, no. 1 (August 8, 2022): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/mediterranean-cities_vol2no1_6.
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This article combines two problems such as the eutrophication of seas and oceans with the spontaneous appearance of rural settlements and the infrastructures that support them. According to Koolhaas, the rural world constitutes the new space for work and research. After a bibliographic review of the possible strategies, a social hybrid building is proposed between an ecological purification infrastructure and a social recompositing artefact. As a case study, the problem of dissemination in historic landscape of the Vega del Guadalfeo is analysed. The results show the design of an ecological treatment plant that can recycle wastewater from illegal rural settlements through worm filters and a system of artificial wetlands. This is part of a building that makes up for the lack of facilities that is typical of the scattered one with an exhibition hall and public meeting spaces. The paper proposes recommendations to institutions on the scope of this type of infrastructure in Mediterranean landscapes.
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Vaishar, Antonín, Milada Šťastná, Pavel Trnka, Petr Dvořák, and Jana Zapletalová. "South-Moravian Rural Borderland." European Countryside 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 115–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2013-0008.
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AbstractThe South Moravian rural borderland has been studied as an example of peripheral countryside. It is defined by municipalities the cadastral districts of which border on the state frontiers. The borderland is considerably differentiated in dependence on the natural conditions, historic development, geographical position and subjective circumstances. The period after 1990 experienced a downturn in production sectors, development of the tertiary sector, quite positive demographic evolution with a positive migration balance (with some exceptions), further intensification of nature conservation and landscape protection, increased unemployment rate and lower standard of formal education. The strengths encompass the maintained and, in many cases, strictly protected landscape, suitable settlement structures with large villages, suitable conditions for agricultural activities, development of balneology and important transition position of the central part of the borderland. The weaknesses include, in particular, the distinctly seasonal character of tourism (short summer period), below-average education, poor condition of many local roads and exposedness of the territory to erosion. Opportunities include possibilities of international cooperation, support of non-production agriculture, demand for relevant forms of tourism, support of small and medium sized businesses. Threats are understood as the outflow of young and educated people, devastation of the environment through intensive farming and reduced economic competitive advantages. Strategies may consist in the preference of economic development or in focusing on the improvement of local inhabitants’ life quality.
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Fish, Robert, Susanne Seymour, and Charles Watkins. "Conserving English Landscapes: Land Managers and Agri-Environmental Policy." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 35, no. 1 (January 2003): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3531.
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There is increasing public policy interest in the management of rural landscapes for conservation, both in terms of natural and cultural heritage. Agri-environmental policies are an important part of an emerging vision for a sustainable countryside, with increasing support for the existing Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA) and Countryside Stewardship (CS) schemes. This paper provides insight into the nature of land-manager attitudes towards the conservation of rural landscapes and how these relate to differing modes and levels of engagement with these two schemes. It is based on the results of a recently completed project exploring the attitudes and practices of 100 land managers towards features of landscape and historic interest. Agri-environmental research has often sought to ‘typologise’ attitudes and practices around discrete land-manager types; an approach that may downgrade commonalities between land managers, the potential interplay of elements defining these types, and the possibility that land-manager identities may not be uniform. In this paper, in contrast, we emphasise the significance of these three analytical issues surrounding land-manager attitudes and practices. We explore land managers' interest and investment in conservation and go on to explain how these concerns were often closely related to the wildlife, historic and aesthetic goals of the schemes. The analysis then considers in detail how a concern for conservation often came to interplay with economic concerns to produce different attitudes and practices. We term these ‘styles of participation and nonparticipation’ to emphasise that such modes of uptake are not necessarily associated with specific land-manager types. Land managers developed these attitudes and practices with respect to different parts of their farms, types of landscape feature, and scheme in question. We conclude by emphasising the importance of contextualised analyses of land-manager values, knowledges, and practices for exploring the nature and possibilities of a ‘sustainable countryside', and the role of agri-environmental policy within this policy vision of rural areas.
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COOK, MURRAY, ANNE CRONE, MIKE DONNELLY, ALAN DUFFY, ANDREW HEALD, DOROTHY RANKIN, and THOMAS REES. "Excavations of an Early Historic settlement within a multi-period landscape at Dolphinton, South Lanarkshire." Scottish Archaeological Journal 24, no. 1 (March 2002): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/saj.2002.24.1.61.
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Prior to the extraction of gravel at Haughhead Farm, Garvald Quarry, Dolphinton, South Lanarkshire, AOC Archaeology excavated an extensive series of complex but shallow negative features, as well as unstratified finds ranging in date from the Mesolithic to the Early Historic period. The majority of the features identified relate to rural settlement belonging to the middle of the first millennium AD.
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Benni, Stefano, Elisabetta Carfagna, Daniele Torreggiani, Elisabetta Maino, Marco Bovo, and Patrizia Tassinari. "Multidimensional Measurement of the Level of Consistency of Farm Buildings with Rural Heritage: A Methodology Tested on an Italian Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 4242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154242.
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The industrialization after World War II marked a severe discontinuity between rural heritage and contemporary farm buildings. Rural landscapes have thus become more and more uniform; historical buildings are often abandoned and degraded, while contemporary buildings are often disconnected from their surrounding environment. Besides aiming to protect and restore rural heritage—more and more acknowledged as a common good contributing to societal identity—attention should be paid to increasing the quality of new buildings, a crucial issue to improve landscape quality in everyday landscape contexts. Based on a series of previous studies carried out to develop and test a robust methodology allowing the analysis of the main formal features of rural buildings, organized in a comprehensive framework known as the FarmBuiLD model (Farm Building Landscape Design), this study aims to perform an integrated and compared analysis of sets of traditional and contemporary rural buildings through experimental trials on an Italian case study. In particular, the study focuses on defining and measuring indexes allowing the quantification of the level of consistency of contemporary buildings with the traditional typologies. A contemporary farm building is evaluated based on the distance of each of its formal features from those which proved to be representative of the corresponding traditional building type, evaluated through a cluster analysis of the typological characters of traditional buildings in the study area. The results showed that different degrees of dissonance can be detected. Similarities have been found, in particular with respect to the shape of buildings and their closure with regards to landscape. The major dissonances are related to the perception of buildings as flattened on the ground, due to their excessively elongated shape, and in the case of buildings completely permeable to landscape, this being necessary for structural purposes and for the type of use of historic buildings. The expected impact of this study is to provide designers and planners with indicators allowing the evaluation, on an objective basis, of the level of consistency of new buildings with local rural heritage, thus supporting both design phases and project evaluation as well as building management processes (maintenance, restoration, extension, change in use, etc.).
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Verešová, Martina, and Ján Supuka. "Changes of landscape structure and cultural values of vineyard landscape." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 5 (2013): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051459.
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The aim of this paper is to assess the structural changes development of vineyard type of cultural agriculture landscape in Čajkov cadastre. In landscape space out of built up rural settlement Čajkov the vineyards create a specific landscape segment which covers 6% of the whole cadastre area. Two time development periods are compared, i.e. 1896s and 2010s, or 2011s with emphasis to land use form changes and area size changes of vineyard parcels. The result shows that vineyards represent more than 100 hundred years continuity of historical valuable cultural landscape which was not influenced by agricultural collectivisation processes within the second part of the 20th century. The second part of the paper is aimed to assess cultural value of the vineyards by using 9 different criteria such as: age of vineyards, area plots and mosaic structures, archaic vine technology, anthropogenic relief, old vineyard’s buildings and sacral architectural elements, old large and rare fruit trees, traditional and local vine sorts, archaeological locality and finds. Assessed vineyards landscape of Čajkov cadastre is unique, has well preserved historical continuity in landscape structure and a high cultural and historic value.
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Mellin, Robert. "The Edible Landscape of a Newfoundland Outport." Open House International 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2009-b0011.
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This paper presents the remarkably edible landscape of Tilting, Fogo Island, Newfoundland. Tilting is a Cultural Landscape District (Historic Sites and Monuments Board) and a Registered Heritage District (Heritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador). Tilting has outstanding extant examples of vernacular architecture relating to Newfoundland's inshore fishery, but Tilting was also a farming community despite its challenging sub-arctic climate and exposed North Atlantic coastal location. There was a delicate sustainable balance in all aspects of life and work in Tilting, as demonstrated through a resource-conserving inshore fishery and through finely tuned agricultural and animal husbandry practices. Tilting's landscape was “literally” edible in a way that is unusual for most rural North American communities today. Animals like cows, horses, sheep, goats, and chickens were free to roam and forage for food and fences were used to keep animals out of gardens and hay meadows. This paper documents this dynamic arrangement and situates local agricultural and animal husbandry practices in the context of other communities and regions in outport Newfoundland. It also describes the recent rural Newfoundland transition from a working landscape to a pleasure landscape.
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Landecka, Halina. "Architectual/landscape complex „Uroczysko Zaborek“ as an example of the preservation of historic wooden architecture." Budownictwo i Architektura 14, no. 3 (September 8, 2015): 007. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.1611.
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The historic wooden structures are exposed to specific risks arising from the nature of material used, in particular: increased sensitivity to moisture/active biological agents and flammability. The worst preservation conditions are present in unhabited, unused and unsecured structures. Uroczysko Zaborek in Janow Podlaski is an interesting example of private „resort of rural culture“ in which the intention of preservation of wooden buildings came in pair with its contemporary use. The resulting architectual/landscape complex consisting of translocated and preserved structures from the Lublin area is used as multifunctional tourist resort carefully situated in the natural and surroundings of Podlasie region: river, forests and picturesque fields. Good transport links with nearby cities Janow Podlaski and Biala Podlaska are additional advantages. Complex covers an area about 70 hectares of free composition based on the course of four internal roads. Architectural objects: old cottages, farm buildings, manor house, vicarage, windmill, church have been adapted either for museum or tourist accommodation/catering. Although Zaborek has not been granted a formal museum status, it plays an important educational role by promoting the cultural heritage of the countryside through the active protection of its tangible and intangible values. In 2013 Uroczysko Zaborek were amount the five awarded places in an international competition EDEN (European Destinations of Excellence) as an interesting place to promote rural tourism and preserve national heritage.
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Leonard, Liam. "Contesting the Irish Countryside: Rural Sentiment, Public Space, and Identity." Nature and Culture 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2009.040202.
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This article examines the nature and trajectory of various conservationist campaigns in Ireland that have focused on the integrity of the landscape and the protection of public space. “Issue histories” of disputes over Ireland's natural and built heritage such as protests at the historic Viking site at Woodquay in Dublin and at the ancient site of the High Kings at Tara are used to show how conservation advocacy is part of a much wider movement that contests dominant notions of development. This paper conceptualizes “rural sentiment” as a reflexive form of conservation, which has shaped many heritage campaigns in a changing Ireland where rapid economic growth and unchecked property development have threatened the integrity of many rural and urban environments.
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Schroeder, William. "A modified NHPA Section 110 Class II inventory using LiDAR imagery to locate historic-era homesteads and irrigation features of the lower Gros Ventre River floodplain terrace and Ditch Creek alluvial fan within Grand Teton National Park, Teton County, WY." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 40 (December 15, 2017): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2017.5591.
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GIS analysis of LiDAR imagery facilitated the completion of a modified NHPA Section 110 Class II survey and inventory. The identification and recordation of 58 new archaeological sites, 21 isolated finds, and 18 updated site records in the vicinity of the Mormon Row Historic District (MRHD; 48TE1444) has led to a recommendation that the landscape and the resources be collectively nominated and designated as a Rural Historic Landscape (RHL). The fieldwork was accomplished using a newly invented method called iterology that takes into account ideology, technology, historical ecology, and the archival/archaeological record in an iterative process (back and forth) across scales, dimensions, and intersections of cultural resources within a landscape in an effort to locate the object of Mormonideological desire in the archaeological record. One can locate the object of ideological desire in the archaeological record if certain assumptions are accepted and protocols followed. The result of the fieldwork and analysis is the location of the object as well as the production of a Doctoral dissertation outlining the methods and theory needed to arrive at the conclusions and results. The object is the Mormon Irrigation Pattern, first observed in LiDAR imagery at Mormon Row.
Featured photo by Tim Peterson on Unsplash. https://unsplash.com/photos/Ab6ksdu5Q7k
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Khadour, Nebras, Nawarah Al Basha, Máté Sárospataki, and Albert Fekete. "Correlation between Land Use and the Transformation of Rural Housing Model in the Coastal Region of Syria." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084357.
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The phenomenon of urban sprawl has caused radical changes in the spatial structure of cities and rural areas all around the world. Syria is among the developing countries that have experienced this phenomenon. Some of the resulted processes of urban sprawl like urbanization and counter-urbanization have had a clear impact on the land use and lifestyle in both cities and the countryside of different regions in Syria. This research focuses on the coastal region and the spatial changes that affected the nature of social life, such as the rapid growth of the population, the expansion of cities, and the new developments, which in turn have led to considerable changes in the relationship and scale of the house, garden, and landscape. The research studies the development of the rural housing model in the coastal region and its relation to the surrounding landscape. It tracks three phases of the housing unit’s development and conducts a comparative study on four villages using a questionnaire to evaluate the performance of those units. The results of this research show significant change in the relationship between rural and urban areas resulting from the new residential developments, as well as the relationship of land use and the historic plot structure and that of the garden and the house into the overall character of the landscape.
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Ziemeļniece, Aija, Una Īle, and Ilze Janpavle. "Urban Pressures and The Process of Cultural Landscape Change. The Example of The Lielupe River Valley." Architecture and Urban Planning 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2022-0015.
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Abstract With the increasing density and cost of living in cities in the early 21st century, more and more people are choosing to live in rural areas. With improvements in road quality, vehicle technology and engineering infrastructure, the population of rural areas within 10–15 km outside of cities is increasing, choosing the most scenic locations. This is also the case of the Lielupe river countryside, where not only old homesteads are being renovated but also new housing clusters with their own infrastructure are being created, bringing a new architectonic and aesthetic quality. This is particularly true in areas where both a cultural and historic area and a picturesque natural base coexist. The study examines the processes of landscape transformation of the Lielupe riverbanks downstream of Bauska and upstream of Jelgava. The landscape of the banks of the Lielupe river between Bauska and Jelgava is rich in cultural and historical buildings. Part of it was lost both during the Bermondt affair period and in September 1944 when the Russian army forced its way into the shallower parts of the Lielupe. With the growth of low-rise buildings along the banks of the Lielupe in the early 21st century, new viewpoints, features and dominants were introduced, marking a new architectural character of the buildings. The silhouette of a particular historic site, which sharply marks this dissonance in the plain area, is fading away. At the beginning of the 21st century, the development pressure is creating a new scale for the mosaic landscape of the plain with the changing character of the Lielupe river – from a steep bank with exposed dolomite layers to the flow of the river through the floodplain meadows.
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Bhattarai, Bhola, Dipak Bishwokarma, and Mathilde Legras. "Breaking the Bottleneck: Conflicts Metamorphosis of Chure Landscape Management in Federal Nepal." Journal of Forest and Livelihood 16, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 71–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jfl.v16i1.22883.
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Chure forests, which is one of the youngest and most fragile landscapes of Nepal, continue to be degraded due to resource exploitation and conflict over its management. This region is considered to be the lifeline to down-stream communities - mainly for water - while inhabiting millions of poor and rural people that depend on natural resources - especially forests commons. Government initiatives to manage Chure have escalated contestations in the recent years. Its decision to declare Chure landscape as ‘Environmental Protection Area’ manifests a protection-centric management approach. This research scrutinises the genesis of contestation on Chure management utilising three–elements of conflicts described by Brown et al. (2017). It analyses power–relation to demonstrate potential implications on Chure landscape management as well as conflict resolution options, in the changed political context of federal Nepal. Our research reveals that all stakeholders are well aware of the continuous degradation of Chure landscape and have agreed on discovering the common locus of sustainable management. However, the state-community contestation still persists due to divergent understandings of degradation. Despite multiple strands of management options, contextualised community-based approach still appears to be an appropriate option to solve this persistent contestation, building on the practices of community forestry and historic failures of top-down, protection-centric management practice. The newly elected provincial and local governments could further facilitate a more effective management of Chure landscape through resolving the contentious state-community conflict.
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SAULIENE, Ingrida, Laura SUKIENE, Erika ZALESKIENE, Audrius SAULYS, and Kestutis AUKSELIS. "Assessment of Former Manors as Rural Landscape Elements: Case Study of Northern Lithuania." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 2 (March 22, 2018): 670–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46211174.
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Evaluation of the former manors as rural landscape elements and identification the recreational potential of former manor environments is discussed in this study. Paper analyses the infrastructure and landscape components of former manors located outside settlements in the district of Pakruojis, Lithuania, and examines their suitability for employment within recreational activities. Historical data on former manors were collected by analyzing archival material and were supplemented with information obtained during expeditions by interviewing the people who currently live in the former manors. All described manors, buildings, and historical greenery have been established in open places. No parts of villages, roads, forest or forest stands are incorporated in these territories. The surveyed former manors are accompanied by parkland. The manor parks analyzed in this study are dominated by native plants, which account for at least 75% of the trees. An analysis of the diversity of the species revealed that Tilia cordata prevails (54-74%) in the majority of manors. The variety of park styles reflects the evolution of the European parks from Baroque parks (Geruciai, Pamusis II) to Romanticism (Dovydiskis) style. Visitors can marvel at the greenery composition of historic parks, explore age-old (Pamusis II, Geruciai) and fabled (Pavezgiai, Pamusis II) trees, and taste the fruit from historical orchards. In the studied territory there is a need to preserve the manor parks because they make a specific contribution to the overall form and aesthetic of the rural landscape, play an important role in the conservation of biodiversity, and represent significant cultural and historical landmarks.
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Riguccio, Lara, Laura Carullo, Patrizia Russo, and Giovanna Tomaselli. "A landscape project for the coexistence of agriculture and nature: a proposal for the coastal area of a Natura 2000 site in Sicily (Italy)." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 47, no. 2 (June 10, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2016.518.
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Many rural coastal Mediterranean areas suffer from great anthropomorphic pressure. This is due to intensive agriculture, and construction for residential, tourism and industrial uses. The present work investigates the idea of using a landscape project in the Gulf of Gela in South Sicily to recover the dunes and the area behind them. The method used is based on the literature and will evaluate and interpret the dynamics of the landscape, so as to draw up a landscape plan, which can be used to help sustain the assets of the area, in a way, which is compatible with conserving nature. This method was tested in the <em>LIFE11-Leopoldia project</em>, funded by the European Union. The results of the study form part of the landscape project. This project is aimed at connecting the different productive zones in the area, protecting the natural environments and the rural historical patrimony, through combining the modern road networks with the older slower, historic infrastructure. Three different levels of landscape management are proposed: total protection (the dunes), high-level protection (the area behind the dunes where traditional agriculture is practised, buffer areas and ecological connecting areas), medium levels of protection (sustainable agriculture, <em>green</em> connections and ecological corridors). The key aims of the project are as follows: <em>transversality</em> - repairing the agricultural fabric and the relationship between the land and the sea; <em>sustainability</em> - recovering the environmental system and traditional activities; <em>flexibility</em> - agriculture with only minor environmental impact.
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Yuan, Qing, Hong Leng, and Tuo Shi. "Research on Style-Shaping Strategies of Small Towns Based on Style Symbol." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1112.
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Small town is a key point in China's urbanization to achieve urban-rural integration. Style is a significant factor to evaluate development. In order to resolve problems, such as lack of protection to historic style, confusion in expression to current style and insufficient in innovation to future style, this article analyzed the connotation, significance and characteristics of style symbol through a comparison with style carrier. Then, it makes a further symbol subdivision according to topography, geology, hydrology, meteorology climate, landscape ecology, as well as history, culture, industry, economic, spatial texture and the community spirit. In addition, this paper proposes strategies on the protection, expression and innovation in style-shaping, hoping to promote further research and practice.
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Henry, Richard. "Roman Coins Recorded on the Portable Antiquities Scheme Database from Hampshire and Using Roman Coins as a Tool for Research." Hampshire Studies 75, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24202/hs2020003.
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Over 15,000 Roman coins from Hampshire have been recorded by the Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) since its inception in 1997. This article builds on recent research on Roman coins and hoards in Wiltshire, Hampshire and Dorset. It defines methodologies for the analysis of Roman coinage, the value of considering coinage within its wider landscape context and how to interpret PAS data when undertaking research using metal detected assemblages. Using the case studies of Roman coinage and hoards in the 1st, 3rd and 4th centuries; the analysis highlights the value of PAS data when undertaking archaeological research when used in conjunction with other datasets such as the Hampshire Historic Environment Record and the Roman Rural Settlement Project.
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Lin, Liying, Desheng Xue, and Yi Yu. "Reconfiguration of Cultural Resources for Tourism in Urban Villages—A Case Study of Huangpu Ancient Village in Guangzhou." Land 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2022): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11040563.
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In the course of China’s rapid urbanization, rural places are brought into urban areas, forming semi-urbanization. These semi-urbanized sites suggest a dual urban–rural structure in their form and management. With the slowing down of urbanization, the Chinese government adopted heritage tourism to boost the local economy. Local historic buildings and cultural resources were regenerated and restored in this process. This paper aims at examining the role of heritage tourism in blurring the boundary of rurality and urbanity, boosting local economy, and revitalizing the areas with cultural-led development. In this paper, we analyzed the Huangpu Ancient Village’s regeneration process. We argue that the Huangpu Ancient Village integrates local historical and cultural resources to boost the local economy, simultaneously adopting urban renewal and rural revival strategies. This paper contributes to the body of literature addressing villages in urban areas, breaking the duality of urbanity and rurality.
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Spooner, Peter G., and Ian D. Lunt. "The influence of land-use history on roadside conservation values in an Australian agricultural landscape." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 4 (2004): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt04008.
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We investigated the influence of land-use history on roadside conservation values in a typical agricultural landscape of southern New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Historical information on the development of rural road reserves was collated from recently digitised 19th and 20th century pastoral and parish maps, such as road-reserve age and original survey width, as well as data relating to locations of old fence lines, county or parish boundaries, previous reserves, stock routes and road re-alignments. Ordinal regression statistics showed that road-reserve age and road width were significant predictors of roadside conservation values. Importantly, analyses showed that the first roads surveyed during the pastoral era (1840–1860s) were often of lower conservation value than roads surveyed in the 1870s, when major clearing of these landscapes commenced. Most roads were surveyed at one-chain width (20.12 m); however, pre-1870s historic roads, traveling stock routes (TSRs) and county or parish boundaries were significantly wider, decisions that have indirectly led to higher present-day conservation values. In separate analyses, historical data also formed a useful model to predict the absence of short-lived shrub species. These results highlight the influence and prevailing imprint of historical land-use on current roadside conservation values.
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Mattingly, David J. "A road less travelled? The Society for Libyan Studies and the landscape archaeology of Libya's early civilisations." Libyan Studies 50 (October 22, 2019): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lis.2019.25.
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AbstractThis contribution explores a key dimension of the work of the Society for Libyan Studies concerning the archaeology of Libya's Protohistoric and early historic periods (broadly first millennium BC and first millennium AD). This primarily concerns the archaeology of rural landscapes (including the desert) and the investigation of the ancient Libyan populations that inhabited them. Taking an autobiographical approach, I review the contributions to developing research agendas made by a number of research projects that I have been involved in. The results collectively have advanced knowledge and understanding not only of this aspect of ancient Libyan society, but also have important implications for the construction of Libyan identity and the management of its heritage today. More broadly, they constitute an important contribution to wider re-evaluation of Maghribian and Saharan societies in the Iron Age and Roman periods.
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Joshi, Sanhita Rahul. "Emerging Model Villages in India." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 19, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.19.2.3.
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Although India no more lives in its villages, the rural population is still sizeable and, more importantly, it reels under the pressure of extreme poverty, pitiable basic amenities, and dearth of livelihood opportunities. Urbanisation and urban growth has captured the attention of government and policy makers especially in the post liberalisation period. However, much needs to be done to improve the conditions of the people living in rural areas. Strengthening of village democracy was considered as a possible solution to resolving issues at the grass-roots level. This paved way for the historic 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA) in 1993 which sought to empower people at the base of India’s federal polity. Encouraging people’s participation in the process of development, policy making and its implementation was the fundamental objective of this legislation. Twenty- five years have passed since the adoption of the 73rd CAA in 1993 but still much needs to be done. There is an urgent need to transform the rural landscape of India and bring it on a par with its urban counterparts while retaining the soul of rural life. The case of village Punsari from the Sabharkantha District of the state of Gujarat (India) is unique as it stands out as a smart and model village. All the modern amenities found in an urban area are available in this village. Using descriptive analytical framework, the paper aims to argue that such smart villages are a ray of hope for the rural revitalisation in Indian countryside. Semi-structured interviews with the local leaders, officers, and stakeholders form an important part of the research used to generate insights and conclusions. The paper argues that grass-roots leadership, community participation, decentralisation of powers to local bodies in rural areas, and financial support in the form of various government schemes can bring far-reaching changes in the rural landscape of India. Punsari represents a classic example as well as an exemplar of concerted efforts of elected leaders, community people, and government support to bring about transformation and make villages smart as well as sustainable.
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Doganer, Sedef. "Architectural design studio on sustainable tourism alternatives in the San Antonio Missions Historic District." Tourism and Hospitality Research 17, no. 3 (September 9, 2015): 298–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1467358415602955.
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Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. San Antonio is one of the Texas’ top tourist cities and a major tourism destination nationally. The city has a rich and unique historic urban landscape characterized by its river with its famous “Riverwalk,” historic neighborhoods, and major landmarks such as San Antonio Franciscan Missions which are on the U.S. “tentative list” as possible UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Local government has completed a multiyear project to restore and enhance 13 miles of the San Antonio River both north and south of downtown. It is expected that the river improvement project will reinforce the connection to the San Antonio Missions and encourage visitors to circulate along the river beyond the downtown area. Master of Architecture students of The University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA) explored the sustainable tourism alternatives in the Mission Historic District in the spring semesters of 2012 and 2013. The Advanced Design Studio (ARC 6136) focused on research-based exploration and application of advanced design theory relative to alternative tourism. This course discussed the relationships between the design of architecture, tourist city, and the alternative practices of tourism. Students investigated the tourism potentials in the District such as sustainable tourism, rural tourism, recreational tourism, cultural heritage tourism, and culinary tourism, and develop master plans for the selected sites. Students were expected to plan, program, and design the proposed tourism activities and tourist spaces on both urban and building scales. This paper focuses specifically on culinary tourism, cultural heritage tourism, and rural tourism, and discusses how to enhance the attractiveness of the destination for visitors and residents; expand the tourism activities offered; and provide maximum efficiency in the economical, historical, social, and cultural dimensions of tourism through sustainable development practices and proposed design projects.
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Lei, Haifen, Jennifer Koch, and Hui Shi. "An Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Urbanization Patterns in Northwest China." Land 9, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110411.
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Chinese metropolitan areas have been experiencing urbanization over the past decades, impacting biodiversity, carbon emissions, urban heat islands, and food security. Yet, systematic research on spatio-temporal urbanization patterns and drivers along the urban–rural gradient is rarely reported for northwest China. Here, we use land-use data from 1980 to 2015 to explore land-use change, urbanization intensity, and drivers in northwest China. Our results display direct and indirect effects of urban expansion on farmland loss, but also spatio-temporal heterogeneity in the urbanization patterns. While the earlier years were dominated by infill and land conversion close to city centers, the later years displayed sprawling urbanization following the constraints of terrain and administrative boundaries at the cost of farmland. Our regression analysis of spatial variables found a strong relationship with urban planning factors. The spatial analysis of urbanization patterns revealed indirect land-use change on former farmland. Furthermore, we found that regional geography and historic sites considerably influenced land conversion. Overall, our findings indicate the need for sustainable planning strategies that synthesize approaches to farmland and historic site protection and consideration of regionally specific landscape characteristics.
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Soler-Estrela, Alba. "Cultural Landscape Assessment: The Rural Architectural Heritage (13th–17th Centuries) in Mediterranean Valleys of Marina Alta, Spain." Buildings 8, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8100140.
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Europe’s cultural heritage is a rich and diverse legacy that shows evolution through many centuries of history. The Mediterranean landscape is the result of a long process of human activity in the physical environment, which makes the cultural landscape concept remarkable. Despite its growing interest, most cases are still exposed to different types of threats that can compromise their permanence. Given cultural variety, its consideration requires a multidisciplinary approach to provide scientific knowledge and to assess its values from different points of view (e.g., territorial, historical, technical, artistic, etc.). The valleys of Marina Alta are a most interesting example of different periods of history, from prehistory to recent rural life. Mountain conditions have favoured the survival of rural heritage, which is not that affected by the threat of better communicated areas and can be consider a place of exceptional value. In this context, our paper focuses on houses and hamlets of a Muslim origin that date back to at least the 13th century according to archival documents. Scattered in valleys, they are essential to understand historic transformations. They are directly related to the natural environment, are located in and have adapted to mountains to obtain small farming areas with small irrigated areas. Given their present state of ruin, an architectural assessment is needed to recognise the values and threats, and to make proposals for their conservation as a specific contribution to be considered part of an interdisciplinary vision.
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Mazora, Angel Paniagua. "The (lost) life of a historic rural route in the core of Guadarrama Mountains, Madrid (Spain). A geographical perspective." Landscape History 38, no. 1 (January 2, 2017): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01433768.2017.1322272.
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YAMAMOTO, Naohiko, Kazuhiro HIRAO, Tetsuya YOSHIDA, and Chie MUROSAKI. "EXTERIOR DESIGN OF MAIN HOUSES WITH REGARD TO BUILDING LAYOUT IN RURAL HOUSE COMPOUNDS IN SPECIAL PRESERVATION AREAS FOR HISTORIC LANDSCAPE." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 87, no. 797 (July 1, 2022): 1271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.87.1271.
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Smyrnov, I., and Yu Bench. "LOGISTICS FACTOR IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISTIC TERRITORIES (DESTINATIONS) ON EXAMPLE OF URBAN AND RURAL TOURISM." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 66-67 (2017): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2017.66.5.
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Revealed logistical approach to achieve sustainable development of urban and rural kinds of tourism including practical examples of the most popular tourist destinations (cities) in Ukraine – Kyiv and Lviv. Logistics approach is based on applying the concept of spatial regulation of tourist flows in cities and rural areas (worked out by one of authors – Smyrnov I.G.) and the concept of reverse logistics for recycling of waste, which volume increases as usual after tourists visits. Fulfilled comparison of logistical features of urban and rural tourism in order to ensure their sustainability. For a common goal – to achieve sustainability of the tourism industry in a particular area and at the same functional purpose – by optimization (regulation) of tourist flows in appropriate way to the specific destinations considering their tourism resource base and distribution of tourist flows differences lie in the different resource base for tourism development. In the case of rural tourism resource base is: first, the landscape (natural landscapes); second, flora and fauna; third, agricultural production; fourth, various events (ethnographic, ethnomusic, ethnogastronomic and other ethnotouristic holidays and festivals). In the case of urban tourism the resource base is equally varied and includes: first, historical and modern buildings and other points of architectural interest; second, interurban objects (castles, museums, shopping and entertainment centers etc.); third, the natural environment (parks, botanical gardens etc.); fourth, various events (international, national, city celebrations, festivals and other social and cultural activities). There is difference in the case of rural and urban tourist flows distribution along the territory: typical for rural tourism is dispersing distribution (on farms), typical for urban tourism is concentrated distribution, particularly in the central and historic districts of cities. Accordingly major logistical tasks of ensuring the sustainability of tourism are also different: for rural tourism it is, first, to determine minimum and maximum volumes of tourist flows; second, is desired the waste recycling and monitoring of environmental conditions. For urban tourism main task is to determine the maximum tourist flows volume and as a must the waste recycling whith improving of environmental conditions. Also developed scientific and practical grounds of reverse ecologistics, i.e. logistics of waste recycling remaining after the tourists stay in urban and rural destinations. Proposed mathematical approach of ecologistical optimization of waste reusing (recycling) in destinations of urban and rural tourism.
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Vechersky, Victor. "PRESERVATION OF THE HISTORICAL URBAN ENVIRONMENT CAPTIVED OF OLD MISTAKES." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 16, no. 2022 (2022): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2022.16.006.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the current situation with the preservation and regeneration of the historic urban environment. The means and procedures used for this are analyzed. It is concluded that this area has significantly degraded over the past 20 years. This manifested itself in the fact that now the historical and architectural reference plan remains in fact the only document that protects the traditional nature of the historic city environment. As a fixation document, not a regulatory one, the historical-architectural reference plan does not actually perform this function. There is a return to the archaic - to an inefficient and long-rejected discrete approach to the protection of each individual monument, which is a fundamental mistake. The most important practical measures are the development of historical and architectural reference plans and projects of protected areas. They have practical meaning only in a complex and in a single sequence, when the results of the historical and architectural reference plan are embodied in the design of protected areas and research and design documentation to determine the boundaries and modes of use of historic sites. Only a full set of these works, carried out consistently and in a short time (1-2 years), a single interdisciplinary group of experts, can ensure the effectiveness of urban protection of cultural heritage and traditional environment. In urban planning documentation - master plans and detailed plans of historical cities - historical and architectural reference plans, boundaries of historical areas and protection zones are a basis for project decisions to ensure the protection of immovable cultural heritage, planning and construction. The practice of urban planning in historic cities poses new challenges, to solve which it is necessary to update the regulatory framework. In this sense, the most difficult group of problems is the identification and preservation of landmarks, ie areas recognized as landscape monuments (so-called cultural landscape), as well as urban monuments. It is also necessary to develop separate regulations (or supplement existing ones) to ensure the preservation of architectural and urban heritage in rural areas and outside settlements, as this issue has its own specifics and today is effectively addressed only in the case of a state historical and cultural reserve. It is proposed to develop a comprehensive territorial approach to the preservation of the entire immovable cultural heritage of the city and the traditional nature of its environment as a single spatial system.
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Ratajski, Sławomir. "IDEE I ZAŁOŻENIA KONWENCJI O OCHRONIE DZIEDZICTWA KULTURALNEGO I NATURALNEGO I ICH REALIZACJA W POLSCE Z PERSPEKTYWY POLSKIEGO KOMITETU DO SPRAW UNESCO." Protection of Cultural Heritage, no. 4 (November 29, 2017): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_11.
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Over the years, the implementation of the Convention in Poland has revealed a number of issues related to protection of heritage in line with the patterns worked out at the UNESCO forum, and resulting from the incomplete adaptation of our legal system for the protection of historic monuments and sites, insufficient public awareness and the difficulty of incorporating historical sites into modern economic development strategies. The Polish UNESCO Committee addressed the above issues with a series of papers accompanying conferences participated in by a wide range of experts, decision-makers and local government activists at various levels. Observations concerning the application of the 1972 Convention, in particular with regard to legal protection of the world heritage sites in Poland, and the need to implement the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, and the 2011 UNESCO Recommendations on the Historical Urban Landscape, have convinced the Committee to review Polish legislation in terms of protection of heritage from the perspective of the UNESCO normative acts ratified by Poland. In 2014, we published a study on “Why and how to protect the cultural heritage ina modern way,” edited by the then-Chairman of the Polish UNESCO Committee, profesor Andrzej Rottermund. The paper presented a wide range of conditions for application of the existing legal provisions and expected changes, provided by various institutions and experts in the field of protection of tangible and intangible heritage and respect for cultural diversity. The need to developa new comprehensive law regulating protection of cultural heritage in Poland and taking into account the provisions of the UNESCO Convention was emphasised. What is particularly grave in application of the principles of the 1972 Convention is the lack of appropriate tools for managing world heritage sites. This includes, in particular: lack of legislation that would effectively protect the borderlines of the properties being inscribed and their buffer zones, view corridors and panoramas of sites of great historical significance. The lack of proper inclusion of local communities in the heritage management processes is a significant issue, according to the message of the 2005 Faro Council of Europe Framework Convention on the Value of Cultural Heritage for Society.Article entitled “The Social Dimension of the Cultural and Natural Landscape”, issued in 2015, discusses issues concerning immediate vicinity of properties of great historical significance. It is stated that landscape is an integral entity consisting of natural elements and cultural heritage, which is understood as both tangible and intangible heritage. Consideration should be given to how notions occurring at the UNESCO forum evolved. Particular attention should be also paid to shifting from the concept of a historic monument to the concept of heritage, and the concept of historic monument protection to the concept of heritage management. It is also important to take into account the need for sustainable protection of the natural and cultural values of landscapes, both urban and rural.
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Hunt, Rachel. "Books, bothies and thinking in place: a new contribution to geographies of the book." cultural geographies 24, no. 4 (March 19, 2017): 513–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474474017695497.
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This article considers a unique type of book: the ‘bothy book’. These are cultural artefacts formed within bothies, simple shelters which now form a historic feature of the contemporary Scottish rural landscape. These books stress the co-mingling of person and place where environments are continually made, and remade, created and shaped, through the practices users are part of, and party to. These books push the boundaries of Ogborn and Withers’, ‘geographies of the book’, opening this subfield to these conflicting circumstances and new ‘books’ to be studied. These books are also thoroughly entangled in the ‘dwelling’ lifeworld of these buildings and hence are both representational and performative as well as material objects. This larger problematic is traced in this article through the narratives of bothy users, using their words to provide insight into dwelling in such buildings and, through this, the overarching relationship between ‘Hut Thought Word’.
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Spooner, Peter G., and Jake Shoard. "Using historic maps and citizen science to investigate the abundance and condition of survey reference ‘blaze' trees." Australian Journal of Botany 64, no. 5 (2016): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16054.
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Large old trees often possess important biodiversity and heritage values. This study investigated the occurrence and condition of survey reference trees in a typical rural landscape in New South Wales. A community survey (citizen science) method, in conjunction with a systematic examination of historic maps, was conducted to locate reference trees for subsequent field survey of their biophysical attributes and statistical analyses. In a combined study area ~5000 km2, we found 81 old reference trees, where an estimated 1.3–2.6% of the original number remains. Tree blazes ranged from 14 to 140 years in age, where most were 120–130 years old, and predominately of the Eucalyptus species. Blaze age was strongly correlated with the thickness of bark overgrowth. Types of reference trees identified included several PM (permanent marker) trees, a cemetery marker, a trig station and 15 benchmark (BM) trees. Eleven BM trees located were related to 1928–1932 irrigation surveys and were previously undocumented. Many reference trees were found in minor road reserves or in conjunction with clumps of other large trees. Being a form of living heritage, our results show that survey trees are succumbing to the ravages of time.
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Kovacevic, Adis. "Methodologies for the study of a vernacular built environment within a historic residential complex: The case of the village of Gornji Stoliv, Montenegro." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 1 (November 20, 2020): 463–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi1.371.
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The settlement of Gornji Stoliv is an abandoned rural ensemble located on the northern hillside of Mount Vrmac, in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro. Including around six dozen residential, commercial and religious buildings, the village is a rare testimony to a social and architectural tradition that was developed throughout the Adriatic coast within the borders of the Republic of Venice from 1420 to 1797. A research conducted between December 2018 and May 2019 was the first wide-scale research into the historical, social, urban, and architectural characteristics and cultural landscape of the village since the 1950s. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive set of analyses carried out on the current state of conservation of the village and demonstrates the methodologies required to analyse a historical built environment of this kind in the absence of sufficient written and archival material.
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Vignola, M., D. Bosia, R. Pennacchio, and M. Zerbinatti. "MORTARS AND PLASTERS PRODUCED WITH EARTH-BASED SUSTAINABLE MIXES: A METHODOLOGY PROPOSAL FOR RECOVERY OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE IN ROERO, PIEDMONT (ITALY)." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 1049–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-1049-2020.
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Abstract. The work presented is the achievement of a master degree project, developed at Politecnico di Torino. The paper aims to provide standards for the formulation and mixing of earth-based mortars, for the rehabilitation of historic buildings of the Roero area, in Piemonte region. Roero presents a large architectural heritage, consisting mainly of fired or earth bricks rural and residential buildings, which was anciently protected using lime or earth-based plasters perfectly integrated with local landscape and environment colours appearance. In recent decades (and still to present days), vernacular plasters are frequently replaced by cement-based products, resulting hardly compatible with local bearing walls materials and landscape aesthetic features. While Roero traditional buildings plasters were produced using local earth and sands coming from streams, today, aggregates extraction in watercourses proximity is not allowed, or strictly regulated by rules and regional regulations. The paper presents a classification of the characteristics of different soils from Roero area, through different types of particle distribution size analysis and diffractometric tests, and propose a method for the production of local earth-based plasters stabilized with lime, making use of earth and rocks from local excavation sites, considered in Italy as secondary raw materials or special waste. Produced plasters compressive and bending strength have been tested, while their suitability for building maintenance and restoration, as their compatibility with Roero architecture and landscape, have been verified through spectrophotometric measures.
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Goyvaerts, Samuel, and Nikolaas Vande Keere. "Liturgy and Landscape—Re-Activating Christian Funeral Rites through Adaptive Reuse of a Rural Church and Its Surroundings as a Columbarium and Urn Cemetery." Religions 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11080407.
Full textAbstract:
We present the design research for the adaptive reuse of the St. Odulphus church as a columbarium in the village of Booienhoven (BE). Surrounded by agriculture, the site is listed as a historic rural landscape. The small neoclassical church is no longer in use for traditional Catholic services and is abandoned. Positioned on an isolated “island”, it has the appropriate setting to become a place to remember and part from the dead. Instigated by the municipality, and taking into account the growing demand for cremation, we present topological research on three different liturgical and spatial levels: 1/the use of the church interior as a columbarium and for (funeral) celebration, 2/the transformation of the “island”, stressing the idea of “passage” and 3/the layering of the open landscape reactivating the well-spring and its spiritual origins. Based on the reform of the funeral rite after Vatican II, we propose a layered liturgy that can better suit the wide variety of funeral services in Flanders today, while at the same time respecting its Catholic roots. Rather than considering the reuse of the church a spiritual loss, we believe that it can offer the opportunity to reinforce and open up the traditional, symbolic and ritual meaning of the Christian liturgy to the larger community. As such, this case is an excellent example of how, in exploring new architectural and liturgical questions, religious sites can be transformed into contemporary places for spirituality.
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Abramson, Daniel B. "Ancient and current resilience in the Chengdu Plain: Agropolitan development re-‘revisited’." Urban Studies 57, no. 7 (June 20, 2019): 1372–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019843020.
Full textAbstract:
The Dujiangyan irrigation system, China’s largest, is one of the world’s most important examples of sustainable agropolitan development, maintained by a relatively decentralised system of governance that minimises bureaucratic oversight and depends on significant local autonomy at many scales down to the household. At its historic core in the Chengdu Plain, the system has supported over 2000 years of near-continuously stable urban culture, as well as some of the world’s highest sustained long-term per-hectare productivity and diversity of grain and other crops, especially considering its high population density, forest cover, general biodiversity and flood management success. During the past decade, rapid urban expansion has turned the Chengdu Plain from a net grain exporter into a grain importer, and has radically transformed its productive functioning and distinctive scattered settlement pattern, reorganising much of the landscape into larger, corporately-managed farms, and more concentrated and infrastructure-intensive settlements of non-farming as well as farming households. Community-scale case studies of spatial-morphological and household socio-economic variants on the regional trend help to articulate what is at stake. Neither market-driven ‘laissez-faire’ rural development nor local state-driven spatial settlement consolidation and corporatisation of production seem to correlate well with important factors of resilience: landscape heterogeneity; crop diversity and food production; permaculture; and flexibility in household independence and choice of livelihood. Management of the irrigation system should be linked to community-based agricultural landscape preservation and productive dwelling, as sources of adaptive capacity crucial to the social-ecological resilience of the city-region, the nation and perhaps all humanity.