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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Historic masonry towers

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Academic literature on the topic 'Historic masonry towers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Historic masonry towers"

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Aldrebi, Ziad Ahmad. "Historical Masonry Towers: Overview, Seismic Vulnerability, Behavior During an Earthquake, Seismic Strengthening." Earthquake Engineering. Construction Safety, no. 6 (December 25, 2020): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.37153/2618-9283-2020-6-49-66.

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The article provides an overview of historic masonry towers such as the minarets of mosques, bell towers of churches, clock towers, leaning towers, so-called "falling towers" and ruined towers. It was considered what kind of masonry, what kind of mortars the Romans, the ancient Egyptians, the Inca and Mayan cultures in America used. Some aspects of seismic vulnerability of masonry towers were studied. The modes of destruction of thin masonry structures, mechanisms of destruction of masonry in towers are considered, the seismic behavior of historical masonry towers are considered, and one of the methods of seismic strengthening using an innovative "smart" material is presented.

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Saisi, Antonella, and Carmelo Gentile. "Investigation Strategy for Structural Assessment of Historic Towers." Infrastructures 5, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures5120106.

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Historical masonry towers are relevant architectural heritage often in a strategic position within city centres. Their height and position require specific controls in order to define the state of preservation. The paper describes the investigation procedures developed by the authors in selected case studies. According to the timing and to the complexity of the structure, the approach requires preliminary visual inspections, geometric, crack pattern survey supplemented by historical research and stratigraphic survey. Operational modal testing evaluates the overall structural behaviour, indicating eventual local (or global) problems to study in depth by monitoring or further local tests. Emergency operations, such as controls after earthquakes, could require prompt procedures. In this case, the combination of visual inspection, geometric and damage survey with dynamic testing is a reliable procedure for structural assessment. Additional investigation increases the knowledge of local problems or gives information for further activity such as structural modelling. For instance, relevant data are the evaluation of the masonry quality or the control of the local state of stress to estimate through non-destructive or minor destructive testing in selected positions. Nevertheless, such activities require accurate projects of the investigation too, planning and localising several tests in order to solve the problems detected in the preliminary steps of the diagnosis process.

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Pavia, Arianna, Fabrizio Scozzese, Enrica Petrucci, and Alessandro Zona. "Seismic Upgrading of a Historical Masonry Bell Tower through an Internal Dissipative Steel Structure." Buildings 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010024.

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Masonry towers are part of a valuable architectural heritage characterizing the landscape of many historical areas. These towers are vulnerable structures that are prone to earthquake damage. Hence, the design of effective seismic upgrading interventions is an important task for preserving such architectural forms for future generations. In view of that, the objective of this study is to contribute a possible addition to the portfolio of available approaches for seismic upgrading of masonry towers. This goal was pursued by exploring an innovative structural solution that does not alter the external appearance of the tower and its static scheme under gravity loads, yet is able to increase its capacity to withstand seismic actions through added damping. Specifically, the proposed solution consists of a steel structure internal to the masonry tower that incorporates fluid viscous dampers. In order to evaluate its potentialities, a real case study was taken as a testbed structure, historic analysis as well as geometric and architectural surveys were undertaken, an initial design for the upgrading was made, and numerical simulations were performed. The obtained results, although preliminary, highlight the potentialities of the proposed structural solution for the seismic upgrading of masonry towers and might open the way to future developments and applications.

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Pavia, Arianna, Fabrizio Scozzese, Enrica Petrucci, and Alessandro Zona. "Seismic Upgrading of a Historical Masonry Bell Tower through an Internal Dissipative Steel Structure." Buildings 11, no. 1 (January 9, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11010024.

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Masonry towers are part of a valuable architectural heritage characterizing the landscape of many historical areas. These towers are vulnerable structures that are prone to earthquake damage. Hence, the design of effective seismic upgrading interventions is an important task for preserving such architectural forms for future generations. In view of that, the objective of this study is to contribute a possible addition to the portfolio of available approaches for seismic upgrading of masonry towers. This goal was pursued by exploring an innovative structural solution that does not alter the external appearance of the tower and its static scheme under gravity loads, yet is able to increase its capacity to withstand seismic actions through added damping. Specifically, the proposed solution consists of a steel structure internal to the masonry tower that incorporates fluid viscous dampers. In order to evaluate its potentialities, a real case study was taken as a testbed structure, historic analysis as well as geometric and architectural surveys were undertaken, an initial design for the upgrading was made, and numerical simulations were performed. The obtained results, although preliminary, highlight the potentialities of the proposed structural solution for the seismic upgrading of masonry towers and might open the way to future developments and applications.

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Gentile, Carmelo, and Antonella Saisi. "Dynamic Testing of Masonry Towers Using the Microwave Interferometry." Key Engineering Materials 628 (August 2014): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.628.198.

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Microwave remote sensing is the most recent experimental methodology suitable to the non-contact measurement of deflections on large structures, in static or dynamic conditions. After a brief description of the radar measurement system, the paper addresses the application of microwave remote sensing in ambient vibration testing of two historic masonry towers.

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Bartoli, Gianni, Michele Betti, Antonino Maria Marra, and Silvia Monchetti. "A Bayesian model updating framework for robust seismic fragility analysis of non-isolated historic masonry towers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2155 (August 19, 2019): 20190024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0024.

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Seismic assessment of existing masonry structures requires a numerical model able to both reproduce their nonlinear behaviour and account for the different sources of uncertainties; the latter have to be dealt with since the unavoidable lack of knowledge on the input parameters (material properties, geometry, boundary conditions, etc.) has a relevant effect on the reliability of the seismic response provided by the numerical approaches. The steadily increasing necessity of combining different sources of information/knowledge makes the Bayesian approach an appealing technique, not yet fully investigated for historic masonry constructions. In fact, while the Bayesian paradigm is currently employed to solve inverse problems in several sectors of the structural engineering domain, only a few studies pay attention to its effectiveness for parameter identification on historic masonry structures. This study combines a Bayesian framework with probabilistic structural analyses: starting from the Bayesian finite element model updating by using experimental data it provides the definition of robust seismic fragility curves for non-isolated masonry towers. A comparison between this method and the standard deterministic approach illustrates its benefits. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.

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García-Macías, Enrique, and Filippo Ubertini. "Seismic interferometry for earthquake-induced damage identification in historic masonry towers." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 132 (October 2019): 380–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2019.06.037.

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Bartoli, G., M. Betti, L. Facchini, A. M. Marra, and S. Monchetti. "Bayesian model updating of historic masonry towers through dynamic experimental data." Procedia Engineering 199 (2017): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.09.267.

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Anzani, Anna, Luiga Binda, Alberto Carpinteri, Stefano Invernizzi, and Guiseppe Lacidogna. "A multilevel approach for the damage assessment of Historic masonry towers." Journal of Cultural Heritage 11, no. 4 (October 2010): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2009.11.008.

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Binda, L., C. Tiraboschi, and R. Tongini Folli. "On-site and Laboratory Investigation of Materials and Structure of a Belltower in Monza / Untersuchungen an den Werkstoffen und am Tragwerk im Labor und am Objekt am Beispiel eines Glockenturms in Monza." Restoration of Buildings and Monuments 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 41–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rbm-2000-5446.

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Abstract After the collapse of some heavy buildings and towers in Italy and elsewhere, the hypothesis of possible continuous damage to these structures due to the dead weight and cyclic loads (wind, temperature variations, etc.) has been formulated by the authors. The long term behaviour of historic masonry has also been detected by laboratory creep and cyclic tests. The results indicate that a laboratory and on site investigation together with analytical modelling are important particularly for tall bell-towers. The application of these procedures on the Bell-Tower of the Cathedral of Monza is here reported and discussed

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historic masonry towers"

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Monchetti, Silvia Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] [Thiele. "On the role of uncertainties in the seismic risk assessment of historic masonry towers / Silvia Monchetti ; Betreuer: Klaus Thiele." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175387479/34.

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Monchetti, Silvia [Verfasser], and Klaus [Akademischer Betreuer] Thiele. "On the role of uncertainties in the seismic risk assessment of historic masonry towers / Silvia Monchetti ; Betreuer: Klaus Thiele." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1175387479/34.

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PAVLOVIC, MILORAD. "Multi scale procedures for the structural identification of historic Masonry Bell Towers by innovative monitoring and structural modelling techniques." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278741.

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Preciado, Quiroz Adolfo [Verfasser], and Harald [Akademischer Betreuer] Budelmann. "Seismic Vulnerability Reduction of Historical Masonry Towers by External Prestressing Devices / Adolfo Preciado Quiroz ; Betreuer: Harald Budelmann." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1175824577/34.

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Monchetti, Silvia. "On the role of uncertainties in the seismic risk assessment of historic masonry towers." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1130895.

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The research activity developed in the present work achieved both technical and scientific results on the seismic risk assessment of masonry towers. It provided semi empirical formulations for the main frequency estimation based on a wide database of historic masonry towers and a novel framework for the seismic risk assessment starting from the Bayesian model updating using dynamic experimental data. The recent Italian earthquakes have dramatically highlighted the vulnerability of historic masonry constructions and the need to improve the knowledge on their seismic response. Due to this fact, the challenging issue of obtaining a reliable structural model has become increasingly relevant to the scientific community, promoting the employment of sophisticated tools of analysis and the need of numerical models to be set up. However, the significant lack of knowledge on historical structures (e.g., material properties, geometry, construction techniques, boundary conditions), still makes their numerical modelling difficult. The knowledge of the seismic response of this structural typology, taking into account uncertain parameters, represents a critical issue and the main scientific question to which this work aimed to answer. The framework proposed in this research started with the Finite Element (FE) model updating of masonry towers through Bayesian approach; the prior distribution of relevant uncertain model parameters was converted into the posterior one by using experimental dynamic data. Nonlinear static analyses were employed to estimate the uncertainties in the seismic response of masonry towers. Taking into account both the modelling and the measurement uncertainties, fragility curves were defined related to different towers damage levels. Eventually, the seismic hazard was considered thus leading to the seismic risk assessment of masonry towers. The idea of this work started from the necessity of obtaining a better awareness of the uncertainties involved in the seismic capacity prediction of historic constructions, and their effect on the overall reliability. Although the proposed results are based on the application to a real case study, the procedure may be used for other similar structures and may represent an effective and alternative tool for the seismic risk quantification of historic masonry constructions.

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Kita, Alban. "An Innovative SHM Solution for Earthquake-Induced Damage Identification in Historic Masonry Structures." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1192486.

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The present Ph.D. Thesis was developed within a collaboration between the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Perugia, Italy, and the Department of Civil Engineering of the University of Minho, Portugal. The main objective of this research work concerned the development and validation of an innovative methodology aimed at the detection, localization and quantification of earthquake-induced damages in historic masonry structures. The high cultural, economic and political value set upon historic buildings spread out all over the world has made the earthquake-induced damage identification, as well as preservation and conservation of architectural heritage, a subject of outstanding importance. The proposed methodology, called DORI, is based on the combination of data-driven, as well as innovative model-based methods, addressing the Damage identification based on Operational modal analysis (OMA), Rapid surrogate modeling and Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for Cultural Heritage (CH) masonry buildings subjected to earthquakes. More in detail, the DORI methodology proposes the static-and-dynamic data fusion in the OMA-based damage detection method, and extends it through the introduction and implementation of two independent and complementary innovative model-based methods, for localization and quantification of earthquake-induced damage in permanently monitored historic masonry buildings: the former is a surrogate model-based method, a rapid tool which combines long-term vibration monitoring data (i.e. OMA) and numerical modeling, while the latter is based on non-linear seismic IDA. The Thesis focuses on the validation of different aspects of the DORI methodology, through application to four case study structures: an internationally well-known laboratory masonry structure, called the Brick House, and three CH masonry buildings equipped with permanent Structural Health Monitoring systems, namely the Consoli Palace, the Sciri Tower and the San Pietro Bell Tower. The adopted enhanced vibration-based SHM tool, by introducing crack amplitudes as predictors in the dynamic MLR model, was validated in the case of the Consoli Palace, enabling rapid and automated earthquake-induced damage detection, even for small structural damages at an early stage, conceivably caused by a moderate/light seismic event. Afterwards, the surrogate model-based procedure for earthquake-induced damage detection and localization was applied in the case of the Sciri Tower, using long-term vibration monitoring data and numerical modeling. In particular, a quadratic surrogate model is used, whose objective function considers not only experimentally identified and numerically predicted damage-induced decays in natural frequencies but also on changes in mode shapes. The procedure was validated by considering both simulated damage scenarios, as well as a slight change in structural behavior experimentally observed after a seismic event. Finally, the proposed seismic IDA-based method, introduced for the first time in this Thesis and aimed at localization and quantification of earthquake-induced damages in masonry structures, is applied to the Brick House and San Pietro Bell Tower. It relies on a priori IDA carried out from a numerical model and construction of multidimensional IDA curve sets relating meaningful local damage parameters to selected seismic intensity measures. The IDA-based procedure has demonstrated to correctly localize damage in specific parts of the structures and to quantify earthquake-induced damage with a good level of approximation. The results are particularly interesting in the case of the San Pietro Bell Tower due to the integration of the IDA-based damage identification with seismic SHM data recorded during the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence, allowing the proposal and exploitation of some original response intensity measures. In conclusion, the DORI methodology proposed in this Thesis for earthquake-induced damage detection, localization and quantification is a novel methodological approach, successfully applied and validated in historic masonry structures, constituting a promising tool for rapid post-earthquake damage assessment of CH structures under long-term SHM monitoring.

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Kita, Alban. "An innovative SHM solution for earthquake- induced damage identification in historic masonry structures." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/76147.

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Tese de Doutoramento Engenharia Civil
O principal objetivo deste trabalho de investigação dizia respeito ao desenvolvimento e validação de uma metodologia inovadora para a deteção, localização e quantificação de danos causados por sismos em estruturas históricas de alvenaria. A metodologia proposta, designado por DORI, baseia-se na combinação de métodos baseados em dados e métodos inovadores baseados em modelos, abordando a identificação de dano com base na análise modal operacional (OMA), modelação rápida de substitutos e análise dinamica incremental (IDA) para edifícios de alvenaria do Património Cultural (CH) sujeitos a sismos. Mais detalhadamente, a metodologia DORI propõe a fusão de dados estáticos e dinamicos no método de deteção de dano baseado em OMA e estende a OMA através da introdução e implementação de dois métodos inovadores independentes e complementares baseados em modelos, para localização e quantificação de danos induzidos por sismos em construções históricas de alvenaria com monitorização permanente: o primeiro método é baseado num modelo substituto, uma ferramenta rápida que combina dados de monitorização de vibração a longo prazo (ou seja, OMA) e a modelação numérica, enquanto o segundo método é baseado em IDA não linear sísmica. A Tese está focada na validação de diferentes aspetos da metodologia DORI, através da aplicação a quatro estruturas que servem de casos de estudo: uma estrutura de alvenaria ensaiada em laboratório e reconhecida internacionalmente, designada por Brick House, e tres edifícios de alvenaria de CH equipados com sistemas permanentes de monitorização de saúde estrutural, nomeadamente o Palácio de Consoli, a Torre Sciri e a Torre sineira de San Pietro. Em conclusão, a metodologia DORI proposta nesta Tese para deteção, localização e quantificação de danos induzidos por sismos é uma nova abordagem metodológica, aplicada e validada com sucesso em estruturas históricas de alvenaria, constituindo uma ferramenta promissora para a rápida avaliação de danos pós-sismo das estruturas de CH sob monitorização SHM a longo prazo.
The main objective of this research work concerned the development and validation of an innovative methodology aimed at the detection, localization and quantification of earthquake-induced damages in historic masonry structures. The high cultural, economic and political value set upon historic buildings spread out all over the world has made the earthquake-induced damage identification, as well as preservation and conservation of architectural heritage, a subject of outstanding importance. The proposed methodology, called DORI, is based on the combination of data-driven, as well as innovative model-based methods, addressing the Damage identification based on Operational modal analysis (OMA), Rapid surrogate modeling and Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) for Cultural Heritage (CH) masonry buildings subjected to earthquakes. More in detail, the DORI methodology proposes the static-and-dynamic data fusion in the OMA-based damage detection method, and extends it through the introduction and implementation of two independent and complementary innovative model-based methods, for localization and quantification of earthquake-induced damage in permanently monitored historic masonry buildings: the former is a surrogate model-based method, a rapid tool which combines long-term vibration monitoring data (i.e. OMA) and numerical modeling, while the latter is based on non-linear seismic IDA. The Thesis focuses on the validation of different aspects of the DORI methodology, through application to four case study structures: an internationally well-known laboratory masonry structure, called the Brick House, and three CH masonry buildings equipped with permanent Structural Health Monitoring systems, namely the Consoli Palace, the Sciri Tower and the San Pietro Bell Tower. In conclusion, the DORI methodology proposed for earthquake-induced damage detection, localization and quantification is a novel methodological approach, successfully applied and validated in historic masonry structures, constituting a promising tool for rapid post-earthquake damage assessment of CH structures under long-term SHM monitoring.

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Amos, Jeannine Louise. "Nondestructive stress wave evaluations of the historic Port Isabel lighthouse masonry tower wall during restoration processes." 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3101193.

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Books on the topic "Historic masonry towers"

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Whitehead, James. Alienism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198733706.003.0003.

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This chapter uses the history of medicine and psychiatry to examine attitudes towards the creative or literary mind in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Accounting for existing scholarly work on subjects such as the nervous temperament and hysteria, the chapter draws from less familiar writing to demonstrate how trends in medical thinking and practice changed the connotations of madness in the period. These trends included the extension of the range of medical discourse; overlapping concepts of ‘partial insanity’ or ‘moral insanity’, which played a role in effecting this extension; and ‘moral management’ or ‘moral treatment’, which also created a wider interpenetration of medical and social or cultural values. Medical figures discussed include William Battie, William Perfect, Joseph Mason Cox, John Conolly, J. C. A. Heinroth, J. C. Reil, James Cowles Prichard, William Pargeter, Alexander Crichton, Thomas Arnold, Benjamin Rush, Pinel, Esquirol, the Tuke and Monro families, and Forbes Winslow.

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Book chapters on the topic "Historic masonry towers"

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Sabia, Donato, Giacomo Vincenzo Demarie, and Antonino Quattrone. "Structural health monitoring of historic masonry towers: The Case of the Ghirlandina Tower, Modena." In Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III, 191–201. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003329756-10.

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Sabia, Donato, Giacomo Vincenzo Demarie, and Antonino Quattrone. "Structural health monitoring of historic masonry towers: The Case of the Ghirlandina Tower, Modena." In Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III, 191–201. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308867-10.

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Facchini, Luca, Vittorio Gusella, and Michele Betti. "Non-linear Dynamic Analysis for Collapse Probability Assessment of Historic Masonry Towers." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 1376–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_111.

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Bartoli, Gianni, Michele Betti, Luciano Galano, and Massimiliano Pieraccini. "Seismic Assessment of Historic Masonry Towers: Non-invasive Techniques and Analysis Methodologies." In Handbook of Cultural Heritage Analysis, 1221–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60016-7_42.

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D’Oria, A. F., G. Elia, A. di Lernia, and G. Uva. "Influence of soil deposit heterogeneity on the dynamic behaviour of masonry towers." In Geotechnical Engineering for the Preservation of Monuments and Historic Sites III, 780–91. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003308867-59.

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Kita, Alban, Nicola Cavalagli, Ilaria Venanzi, Laura Ierimonti, and Filippo Ubertini. "Earthquake-Induced Damage Localization and Quantification in Historic Masonry Towers Using OMA and IDA." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 958–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64594-6_92.

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Milani, Gabriele. "Vulnerability Evaluation of Historical Masonry Structures: Italian Churches and Towers." In RILEM Bookseries, 19–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99441-3_2.

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De Angelis, Alessandra, Francesco Santamato, and Marisa Pecce. "Assessment of an Historical Masonry Bell Tower by Modal Testing." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 219–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74258-4_15.

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Shabani, Amirhosein, Agon Ademi, and Mahdi Kioumarsi. "Structural Model Updating of a Historical Stone Masonry Tower in Tønsberg, Norway." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 576–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90788-4_45.

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Prati, D., G. Predari, A. Massafra, and B. Salmi. "A reinforced concrete stage tower within a 18th-century masonry theater: The Municipal Theater of Bologna." In History of Construction Cultures, 726–33. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173359-95.

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Conference papers on the topic "Historic masonry towers"

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Sarhosis, Vasilis, Francesco Fabbrocino, Antonio Formisano, and Gabriele Milani. "SEISMIC VULNERABILITY OF DIFFERENT IN GEOMETRY HISTORIC MASONRY TOWERS." In 6th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120117.5585.17918.

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Facchini, Luca, Michele Betti, Francesco Gasparini, and Lorenzo Rettori. "A STOCHASTIC APPROACH FOR THE COLLAPSE PROBABILITY OF HISTORIC MASONRY TOWERS." In 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120119.7007.19264.

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Palestini, Caterina, and Carlos Cacciavillani. "Integrazioni multidisciplinari: storia, rilievo e rappresentazioni del castello di Palmariggi in Terra d’Otranto." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11358.

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Multidisciplinary integrations: history, survey and representations of the castle of Palmariggi in Terra d’OtrantoThe contribution integrates historical readings, conducted through archive documents and iconographic materials, with surveys and graphical analyzes carried out through direct knowledge of Palmariggi’s historic center in Salento. The imposing Aragonese castle of which today only the two cylindrical towers remain, joined together by a stretch of perimeter masonry, initially presented a quadrangular plan with four corner towers, of which three are cylindrical and one is square and was surrounded by an existing moat, until the middle of the twentieth century, with a wooden drawbridge on the eastern side. The fortress was part of a strategic defensive system, designed to protect the village and the productive Otranto’s land with which it was related. The fortified Palmeriggi’s center represented an important defensive bulwark placed within the network of routes and agricultural activities that led from the hinterland to the port of Otranto, where flourishing trade took place. The research examines the changes undergone by the defensive structure that has had several adaptations made initially in relation to changing military requirements, resulting from the use of firearms, the upgrades that were supposed to curb the repeated looting and the military reprisals against the inhabited coastal and inland centers of Salento peninsula, and later social that led to the expansion of fortified village with Palazzo Vernazza’s (eighteenth century) adjacent construction and the original parade ground’s elimination. Summing up, the contribution in addition to documenting the current situation with integrated surveys, the state of preservation of fortified structure with its village, of which it examines the urban evolution based on the construction, typological and morphological systems, relates to the surrounding territory by comparing the plant of the ancient nucleus with that of neighboring fortified Salento’s centers. Finally, digital study models allow fortified structure’s three-dimensional analysis, its construction techniques, assuming the original shape.

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Li Rosi, D. "Application of OMA technique to masonry slender towers: FEM updating and sensitivity analysis." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-95.

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Abstract. Bell towers are masonry slender structures prone to damage caused by vibrations due to human activities, such as motor-vehicle traffic and operating machines in building sites, to bells’ ringing and, of course, vulnerable to strong vibrations induced by earthquakes. Several studies with Operational Modal Analysis applications to masonry historical slender towers demonstrate that their modal properties are typical and recurrent and depend mainly on the geometric features determining mass distribution and on the boundary conditions due to adjacent buildings and subjacent foundation soil. In the paper a sensitivity analysis of modal frequency obtained by FEM eigenvalue analysis to the soil modelling approach is carried out. The case study is the historical bell tower of San Giuseppe in Aci Castello church. The natural frequencies of the tower, identified through OMA procedure are considered for comparison.

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Gentile, Carmelo, Marco Guidobaldi, and Antonella Saisi. "Structural health monitoring of a historic masonry tower." In 2015 IEEE Workshop on Environmental, Energy and Structural Monitoring Systems (EESMS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eesms.2015.7175872.

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Camiz, Alessandro, Marika Griffo, Emilia Valletta, and Almira Khafizou. "The so-called “beach-tower” of Kyrenia city walls, Cyprus." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425.

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The so-called “beach-tower” is the smallest of the three remaining towers belonging to the Kyrenia’s medieval enceinte. Semi-circular in plan, with circa 6 m of diameter, the tower is today partially obliterated by the medieval urban tissue and is visible only from one side. Built during the twelfth-thirteenth centuries, this harbour overlooking tower is raised on a pedestal in the north-west inner corner of the city walled enclosure. The tower shows on the outside two windows that might belong to a later phase, being too wide as defensive openings, and includes fragments of the adjoining city walls that ran to the east, towards the castle and to the west towards the beach city gate. Kyrenia city’s walled defensive system was dismantled by the Venetians when the use of gunpowder cannon became prevalent, however, traces and records still remain enshrined in the medieval constructions. The paper, following the historical research, attempts to date the construction of this tower, and by examining the fortification remains with a digital survey, applies the comparison with other coeval examples together with the comparative analysis of the different masonry types.

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Martakis, P., Y. Reuland, V. Dertimanis, and E. Chatzi. "Vibration Monitoring of an Existing Masonry Building Under Demolition." In IABSE Symposium, Wroclaw 2020: Synergy of Culture and Civil Engineering – History and Challenges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/wroclaw.2020.0585.

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<p>The loss potential of earthquakes is substantial even for sites of moderate seismicity, due to the disastrous consequences of rare events. Large parts of the existing European building stock, mainly masonry structures, do not fulfil the current seismic standards, while many buildings have long exceeded their design lifespan. Given the inherent uncertainties of masonry as a composite material, unknown effects of ageing, and the corresponding difficulty to estimate the nonlinear response of such structures, data-driven health monitoring provides an efficient way to reduce epistemic uncertainty and to derive damage-sensitive features for structural assessment after strong ground motions. In this study, vibrational recordings during the demolition of a real masonry building have been analyzed. The accumulating damage during demolition provides a valuable insight into the correlation between dynamic response and structural health. The findings shed light on the performance of a typical masonry structure, built in the 19th century, under non-conventional loading and form a step towards the definition of damage-sensitive features based on real data.</p>

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Salvalaggio, M., V. Sabbatini, F. Lorenzoni, M. Valluzzi, and H. Wenliuhan. "Seismic Assessment of Masonry Towers: The Case of Castellum Aquae System in Pompeii." In 12th International Conference on Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions. CIMNE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23967/sahc.2021.223.

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Del Rey, Miguel, Antonio Gallud, and Silvia Bronchales. "Una torre en la muralla de Biar. Consolidación y recuperación de una imagen urbana." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11353.

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A tower in the wall of Biar. Consolidation and recovery of an urban imageThe wall of Biar goes around the historical part of the city and connects it with the castle at the top of the hill. This urban wall was comprised by the city wall and a walk wall, which were protected by a battlement and a series of towers. Currently, the urban wall has been swallowed by changes in the area. Internal edifications to the city wall have progressively taken over the wall and, in its outside part, an area as wide as the towers has been occupied, which has eventually set up the front part of Torreta street. The Tower of Jesus is part of this defensive set that nowadays is almost invisible. Before its restoration, the tower was in an unfortunate state of abandonment and deterioration. Large cracks in its masonry warned of its immediate collapse. After its defensive use, it was transformed and joined to more modern neighboring buildings. Removed walls, deformed gaps and variations in the roof concealed its past as it went unnoticed and passed as another house on the street. Only the traces in its walls exposed its history. The intervention process for its recovery began with a thorough, formal, dimensional and technical study, to subsequently propose its restoration and the choice of contiguous elements that had to be eliminated to show a recognizable set. Also, a new way of walking and using it was put forward. During the intervention, several objectives were considered. In addition to the most obvious ones, such as the structural consolidation that would prevent its eventual collapse, recovering its historical image and showing the key facts that would lead to interpreting its past and discovering its secrets. Besides describing in detail the restoration process in its entirety, this text aims to present the issues that were raised during the intervention and to consider those reasons behind all the decisions that were made.

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Schiavoni, M. "Some recent advances and applications in Distinct Element modelling of masonry structures." In AIMETA 2022. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902431-51.

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Abstract. In this paper, advanced numerical models are used to study the progressive damage of a historic building, namely the Palazzo of Podestà and the Civic Tower of Accumoli (central Italy). The dynamic behaviour of the structure is analyzed following important seismic events such as those that occurred in 2016-2017. Discontinuous and continuous approaches are used. In the formers, the masonry response is represented both with Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamic (NSCD) method; in the latter the masonry nonlinearity is replicated using the Concrete Damage Plasticity (CDP) model. The numerical results showed a good correspondence of all the approaches with the real damage suffered by the structure after the seismic sequence.

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