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Journal articles on the topic 'Historic city centres'
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1
ÖZDEMİR-DARBY, Dilek, and Irem SELCUK. "Retail Change in Historic City Centres." Kent Akademisi 14, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35674/kent.853684.
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ŚLIWA, Magdalena. "IMPROVING ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DOWNTOWN AREA AS A DIRECTION FOR THE SPATIAL POLICY OF OPOLE." Studia Miejskie 31 (October 27, 2020): 87–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm.2372.
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The city centre is a most valuable, historically formed area of living and commercial space. However, urbanistic policies of cities do not pay enough attention to maintaining or creating appropriate living conditions for the inhabitants of city centres, while still protecting and taking into account the aesthetic and design-related assets. A chaotic management of historic city centres and the lack of appropriate spatial regulations lead to frequent conflicts and eventual withdrawal of inhabitants from the area. This article aims to identify problems specific to city centres and to show that improving the living conditions thereof is possible, which will definitely lead to city centres keeping their housing function and encourageresidents to settle within.
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Farhan, Sabeeh Lafta, Mohamed Gamal Abdelmonem, and Zuhair A. Nasar. "THE URBAN TRANSFORMATION OF TRADITIONAL CITY CENTRES: HOLY KARBALA AS A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 12, no. 3 (November 4, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v12i3.1625.
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Karbala is one of the metropolitan cities in Iraq, its historic and religious centre has a long history, yet many of its buildings are under threat because of unclear conservation management due to urban transformation. The history of religious rituals and processions reflects an array of values, concepts and planning philosophy that has used the power of religion and holiness of the city as a source of homogeneity and integration. By looking at the mass-pilgrimage spatial practices to the Holy Shrines in Karbala city centre and the adaptation by its residents of their domestic neighbourhoods, this paper analyses the spatial conditions of the city and offers insights into a set of factors that have shaped its historical evolution and urban spaces. The paper is in three parts; first, it discusses the causes of the urban transformation in this holy city. Secondly, it documents a set of everyday practices and problems in Karbala city, focusing on the urban level (the traditional fabric), following the analytical method of the historic evolution of Karbala as a religious centre as well as the incompatibility of the modern development with the centre’s historical heritage. Thirdly, it analyses the transformation of the urban structure by discussing the characteristics of the historical centre and the role of legislation in urban transformation of traditional city centres.
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Tanrıkul, Ali, and Şebnem Hoşkara. "A New Framework for the Regeneration Process of Mediterranean Historic City Centres." Sustainability 11, no. 16 (August 19, 2019): 4483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11164483.
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For thousands of years, cities have evolved with changing needs. Cities are like living organisms, which are exposed to transformations as a result of changing needs and requirements. City centres are one of the attractive, essential, and vital parts of the city that are also affected by these changes. Specifically, historic city centres, which refer to the origins of the city, will be discussed within this context. Urban design aims to shape our cities with better quality and provide better places for everyday life. In addition, urban regeneration can be utilized as generic public policy for solving problems and providing physical improvements for these cities. Although the problems that emerge in each city are similar, sometimes they change circumstantially. As a result, the planning, implementation, and management of urban regeneration projects as well as their sustainability can produce serious complications. This article focuses on the process of urban regeneration, historic city centres, and the Mediterranean region and aims to develop an applicable regeneration framework for historic city centres limited to the Mediterranean region. First, the main problems of these cities are described. Next, characteristics of historic city centres and associated problems of the Mediterranean region are explained. Subsequently, the concept of urban regeneration is clarified, and the processes involved are discussed. Finally, an applicable urban regeneration framework for historic Mediterranean city centres, developed by the authors, is explained with the goal to reduce social segregation while incorporating the contributions of views from both local inhabitants and stakeholders in the process. The methodology of the overall research presented in this article is mainly based on a critical review of primary and secondary documents from the literature through a comparative and exploratory approach.
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Masullo, Massimiliano, Roxana Adina Toma, and Luigi Maffei. "Further investigation on pockets of quiet within historical city centres: the case of widenings." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 3056–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2296.
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Making available quiet zones for the urban population is a key factor to offer them the possibility to have restorative experiences and relief from stressful city life. Although these zones are often associated with vast green parks, the latter are usually located outside or far from cities' centres. Moreover, if we consider the case of historical city centres, they are almost absent. In previous research, we have focused on searching for alternative quiet spaces that inhabitants and tourists could use as a temporary refuge from urban noise and chaos. In these studies, we have shown that thanks to their acoustics peculiarities and several other non-acoustic characteristics, the cloisters and the courts of historic buildings have a high potential to induce restoration. Nevertheless, among the narrow streets of the historic cities centres, the widenings can also provide a small contribution to a temporary restoration of people. This paper investigates the restorative potentiality of these further spaces and compares the outcomes carried out from binaural recordings and in situ interviews with those of cloisters and courts of historic buildings within the ancient city centre of Naples.
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Zalewski, Andrzej, Jacek Chmielewski, Jan Kempa, Bertha Santos, and Jorge Gonçalves. "Traffic calming in historic city centres - a case study." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/2/022106.
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Abstract The aim of the paper is to compare the existing transport service solutions in the city centers of Bydgoszcz (Poland) and Hasselt (Belgium) that use the widely understood idea of calming the movement. The method of elaboration consisted of analyzes of the literature on the subject of the article, analyzes of available documents and local visits. The solution has been operating in Hasselt since September 2018, and in Bydgoszcz also since September, but 2019. Analyzed solutions in terms of traffic calming goals in these areas, implemented principles, methods used and traffic calming measures that are to lead to a consensus between traffic and the accessibility of the area and making centers living areas. The analyzes carried out confirm that the primary effect of leading to obtain areas centers as areas of “livable city" is to eliminate traffic not associated with a given area, the implementation of restrictions on the availability of cars while maintaining accessibility to public and residential buildings and creating preferences in terms of accessibility for pedestrians, bicycles and public transport. In both cities significant attention was paid to shaping public spaces for pedestrians and development of street fronts with facilities for attractive functions for center users and tourists. Analyzed examples of Bydgoszcz and Hasselt show that the implementation of a separated cycling infrastructure in the historic structure of centers is very difficult. For achievement of “livable city", special emphasis is placed on functional solutions and forms of pedestrian areas, taking into account the requirements of conservation protection, aesthetics and road safety.
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García Bujalance, Susana, Daniel Barrera-Fernández, and Miriam Scalici. "Touristification in historic cities. Reflections on Malaga." Revista de Turismo Contemporâneo 7, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 93–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/2357-8211.2019v7n1id16169.
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This research analyses the consequences in the economy of the city, in the urban environment and in the life of residents affected by the massive arrival of tourists in the historic centre of Malaga in Andalusia, Spain. The research combines a mixed methodology consisting of analysis of urban plans and administrative documents, statistics, direct observation of tourism-related activities, the definition of a list of indicators and verification of their application in the case study. Mass tourism in a historic city is a cause of conflicts between visitors and residents, but there are also positive effects such as job creation, cosmopolitanism or the expansion of the cultural offer. This research shows that it is necessary to act on tourists-residents’ conflicts in order to avoid the transformation of historic centres into places that expel the neighbours to give place to tourists. Planning and urban management, the active participation of citizens, as well as an awareness by the public administration, are key issues to avoid that historic centres become emptied of urban content to be turned into a scene for tourist consumption. This is the first research of the kind developed in the city of Malaga, one of the Spanish cities where tourism is growing faster, thus, the results could be applied to other cases in the same situation in the country and the Mediterranean.
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Vilkončius, Evaldas. "Soviet Modernism in the Historic Context. The Cases of Vilnius and Panevėžys City Centers." Art History & Criticism 13, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mik-2017-0005.
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Summary In the history of Lithuanian architecture, the period of soviet modernism has made very problematical mark. The architectural and urbanist changes that were made in Lithuanian cities during this period are linked with the beginning and development of modern building practice. Many discussions causes the changes in the city centres that were made from the 1960s. New modern buildings that were built in the historic context changed its individuality and singularity. This article analyses architectural changes that were made from 1960s to1990s in the historic context of Vilnius and Panevėžys centres. The article suggests that during different decades of the soviet modernism period, the new architecture had a different approach to the historic context. To prove this suggestion, the article presents the most distinctive buildings that were built in the historic context of the selected city centres.
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Thaitakoo, Doosadee. "Toward a Way to Balance Conservation and Development in the Ayutthaya Historic Town Centres." MANUSYA 9, no. 4 (2006): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26659077-00904002.
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Disagreements about conservation and development in town centres of historic cities may emerge in a society because different interests have diverse wants in city conservation and development. If not reconciled, these can lead to unfavourable effects on historic towns/cities: urban development may threaten their special character and/or conservation restrictions may make town centres unattractive for investment. Observing these difficulties in the Thai historic cities, this research explores how the desires for conservation and development can be balanced in two historic towns in Ayutthaya, a World Heritage site in Thailand. Main points for discussions: 1) Conservation and development in historic town centres 2) Key concepts for balancing conservation with development including sustainability, viability and physical capacity. 3) The issues of conservation and development in Thailand, particularly in Ayutthaya. 4) A way to balance conservation and development in the case studies towns-Hua Ror and Chao Prom. The research confirms that city conservation is a public concern as well as a technical matter. This points to a significant role for stakeholders in increasing the acceptability and practicality of city conservation/development policy and its implementation.
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Marotta, Irene. "Flussbad Berlin Re-Naturalization Project for the Spree River in the Museum Island." Advanced Materials Research 1149 (August 2018): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1149.76.
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This article considers the issues of the re-naturalization of riverbanks and the urban regeneration of historic centres while focussing on the Flussbad Berlin, a project of sustainable redevelopment of the Spree River, around the Museum Island, which today is the focus of major city debate. Spree River is considered as a public space, an important resource that concerns the whole city. For the project, the historic centre is the main place to combine hot topics pertaining to the contemporary society such as ecology, environmental sustainability, concertation, and public-private collaboration. Berlin is conceived as a «dialogic city» where diverse sites and activities can express themselves and interact productively.
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Henriques, Rita. "Right to the City Centre." VISUAL REVIEW. International Visual Culture Review 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gkarevvisual.v9.3090.
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The development of a symbolic urban economy reinforces the importance of historic city centres as spaces of aesthetic and cultural consumption. Urban culturalization strategies adapt them to uses and perceptions that target specific classes of consumers, generating gentrification effects. Elaborating on a research on the Jardins Efémeros Festival in Viseu (Portugal), this article explores how its programmatic agenda and connection with local politics reconfigures the city centre by generating new balances and dissonances between the ideal of city proposed by the cultural intervention, the reframing of space for aesthetic and experiential consumption, and the local community's expectations and interests.
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Chenaux, A., M. Murphy, S. Pavia, S. Fai, T. Molnar, J. Cahill, S. Lenihan, and A. Corns. "A REVIEW OF 3D GIS FOR USE IN CREATING VIRTUAL HISTORIC DUBLIN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W9 (January 31, 2019): 249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w9-249-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This paper illustrates how BIM integration with GIS is approached as part of the workflow in creating Virtual Historic Dublin. A design for a WEB based interactive 3D model of historic buildings and centres in Dublin City (Virtual Historic Dublin City) paralleling smart city initiates is now under construction and led by the National Monuments at the Office of Public Works in Ireland. The aim is to facilitate the conservation and maintenance of historic infrastructure and fabric and the dissemination of knowledge for education and cultural tourism using an extensive Historic Building Information Model. Remote sensing data is now processed with greater ease to create 3D intelligent models in Historic BIM. While the use of remote sensing, HBIM and game engine platforms are the main applications used at present, 3D GIS has potential to form part of the workflow for developing the Virtual Historic City. 2D GIS is now being replaced by 3D spatial data allowing more complex analysis to be carried out, 3D GIS can define and depict buildings, urban rural centres in relation to their geometry topological, semantic and visualisation properties. The addition of semantic attributes allows complex analysis and 3D spatial queries for modelling city and urban elements. This analysis includes fabric and structural elements of buildings, relief, vegetation, transportation, water bodies, city furniture and land use.</p>
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
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Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
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Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
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Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
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Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Silva, Dener, Hugo Rodrigues, and Tiago Miguel Ferreira. "Assessment and Mitigation of the Fire Vulnerability and Risk in the Historic City Centre of Aveiro, Portugal." Fire 5, no. 5 (October 21, 2022): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5050173.
Full textAbstract:
Identifying fire risk in urban centres is instrumental for supporting informed decision-making and outlining efficient vulnerability mitigation strategies. Historic centres are particularly complex in this regard due to the high density of combustible materials in these areas, the favourable fire propagation conditions between buildings, and the complex urban morphology, which makes the evacuation of inhabitants difficult in case of a fire emergency. Recent safety regulations tend not to be fully applicable to historic city centres, where the specificities of the buildings, together with the need to safeguard their heritage value, make the rules for new buildings incompatible. For that reason, an adaptation of current evaluation methods is required to assure the safety of these places. The present paper aims to contribute to this topic by presenting and discussing the results obtained from the application of a simplified fire risk assessment methodology to a representative part of the historic city centre of Aveiro, Portugal. Data were collected through fieldwork building inspections and the results were mapped using a Geographic Information System tool. The study reveals that around 63% of the assessed buildings have a level of fire risk greater than the level of risk which is acceptable for buildings with this type of use and value. Based on the work developed, different mitigation strategies are suggested and compared. Finally, the results obtained in this work are compared with results published for historic urban areas with similar characteristics.
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Medved, Primož. "EPCHC - energy performance contracting (EPC) model for historic city centres." Acta Innovations, no. 47 (November 14, 2022): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.47.3.
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The current predominant obstacle for the implementation of energy retrofitting projects at the neighbourhood level is attributable to restricted funding options, which is especially relevant for the expensive renovation of buildings of cultural heritage importance. The first aim of the article is to articulate and identify the main characteristics which influence the funding processes for energy retrofitting historic urban districts. The second objective is to build a comprehensive approach/procedural funding model based on these identified specifics/characteristics. The “energy performance contracting model for historical city centres” (EPC HC ) is constructed with procedural processes (steps) associated with the main specific characteristics of urban central districts. The principal attributes which define and influence EPC in historical city centres are “district-level retrofitting”, the “multi-stakeholder approach” and “cultural heritage preservation”. First demonstrated are the benefits of the district level EPC’s “economy of scale”. Secondly, city centres are specific neighbourhoods with several public (municipal, governmental) and private entities, necessitating a particular tailor-made EPC approach is necessary for each stakeholder. Thirdly, the article focuses on the issue of higher retrofitting costs because as a result of historical building status and finding an optimal solution to overcome the conflict between sustainable renovation and cultural preservation. The procedural model for EPC HC in historical city centres offers step-by-step guidelines with suggestions to be followed in order to approach and involve all the various stakeholders. EPC HC could open a new perspective on district green retrofitting and could facilitate municipalities’ decision-making processes upon deciding to retrofit historical central districts.
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García-Hernández, María, Manuel de la Calle-Vaquero, and Claudia Yubero. "Cultural Heritage and Urban Tourism: Historic City Centres under Pressure." Sustainability 9, no. 8 (August 4, 2017): 1346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9081346.
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Pinheiro, Francisco Vizeu. "Redesigning historic cities facing rapid tourism growth." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 9, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 274–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-02-2017-0008.
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Purpose The historical city of Macao has recently become one of the world’s centres for tourism and gaming. But growing traffic congestion in its narrow and old road network, especially in the city’s historic centre, raises concerns about the city’s traffic pollution, environmental impacts and negative effects on residents’ and visitors’ health. The purpose of this study is to address the possibility of mitigating emerging environmental problems with urban design solutions. Design/methodology/approach A review and background of the city’s evolution, from a Mediterranean-style town in the sixteenth century to its present status as one of the highest population density cities in the world, is first undertaken. The paper then critiques the urban layout that conditions current traffic and pollution trends. Findings High levels of pollution of particulate matters are created by a mixture of circumstances related to tall buildings along narrow roads, especially in the historic centre’s San Ma Lou Avenue, that limit ventilation and trap pollution. Green solutions that are known to effectively mitigate this problem, as well as contribute to enhancing the area’s carrying capacity, are discussed. Originality/value The originality of this paper lies in its critique of the environmental impact of rapid and overwhelming tourism-oriented development on the quality of the urban environment. It advocates urban design solutions based on experiences from other global tourist cities that, if implemented, will not damage the historic centre’s built environment and will contribute to a more liveable city for residents and better experience for visitors.
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Ferreira, Tiago M., and Pedro P. Santos. "An Integrated Approach for Assessing Flood Risk in Historic City Centres." Water 12, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061648.
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Historic city centres near watercourses are a specific type of urban area that are particularly vulnerable to flooding. In this study, we present a new methodology of flood risk assessment that crosses hazard and physical vulnerability information. We have selected the Historic City Centre of Guimarães (Portugal), a UNESCO Heritage Site, for developing and testing the defined methodology. The flood hazard scenario was obtained through the hydrologic–hydraulic modelling of peak flows with a 100-year return period, which provided flood extent, depths, and velocities. A decomposition of the momentum equation, using depth and velocity, allowed reaching a final hazard score. Flood vulnerability was assessed through combining an exposure component and a sensitivity component, from field-collected data regarding wall orientation, heritage status, age, number of storeys, condition, and material of buildings. By combining the results of the hazard and vulnerability modules in a risk-matrix, three qualitative levels of flood risk were defined. The individual and crossed analysis of results proved to be complementary. On one hand, it allows the identification of the more relevant risk factors—from the hazard or vulnerability modules. On the other hand, the risk-matrix identified other buildings with a high risk that otherwise would remain unnoticed to risk managers.
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JAIN, SHIKHA. "Cultural Jugaad in historic city transformations." Ekistics and The New Habitat 80, no. 2 (December 8, 2021): 30–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e2020802501.
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Several historic Indian cities have managed to retain the original urban character by using readily available materials, craftspeople, and cultural traditions despite increasing urban transformations. This notion of sustaining/preserving/continuing certain cultural elements and rituals has survived in various forms in the last two centuries. Historic cities showcase their living heritage at the global level and are exemplars for studying the strong linkages within traditions and indigenous modes of preservation. In such situations where stakeholders have centuries of association with the site, it is essential that professionals look beyond conventional solutions to better understand local perceptions and thereby establish the appropriateness of any urban level interventions. This article draws from various urban conservation works carried out in the historic cities of Rajasthan over the last two decades. It illustrates the discoveries and challenges in understanding the traditional local mindset for working in such areas. The indigenous methods practiced in these historic living cores are often at variance with the norms and logics of Western city planning being followed in post-colonial India. Examples in the cities and settlements of Jaipur, Udaipur and Ajmer, feature in this article, highlighting the urgent need to understand the local community mindset and the Indian approach to solutions for rapidly modernizing historic urban centres.
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Akhmedova, Elena, and Tatyana Vavilonskaya. "Digital transformation of existing cities." E3S Web of Conferences 110 (2019): 02027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911002027.
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The article focuses on the range of problems arising on the way of innovative technologies implementation in the structure of existing cities. The concept of intellectualization of historic cities, as illustrated by Samara, is offered, which was chosen for the realization of a large Russian project “Smart City. Successful Region” in 2018. One of the problems was to study the experience of information hubs projecting with the purpose of determination of their priority functional directions. The following typology of information hubs was made: scientific and research ones, scientific and technical ones, innovative and cultural ones, cultural and informational ones, scientific and informational ones, technological ones, centres for data processing, scientific centres with experimental and production laboratories. As a result of the conducted research, a suggestion on smart city’s infrastructure is developed, the final levels of innovative technologies implementation in the structure of historic territories are determined. A model suggestion on the formation of a scientific and project centre with experimental and production laboratories branded as named “Park-plant” is developed. Smart (as well as real) city technologies, which are supposed to be placed on the territory of “Park-plant”, are systematized. The organizational structure of the promotion of model projects is offered according to the concept of “triad of development agents”, in which the flagship university – urban community – park-plant interact within the project programme. The effects of the development of the being renovated territory of the historic city centre are enumerated.
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Jeyaraj, Godwin Emmanuel, and Meenatchi Sundaram. "Assessing Cultural Experiences in Historic Urban Centres: Built Forms and Qualities." Indian Historical Review 48, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 43–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03769836211009705.
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Human settlements evolved over time and the historic towns of yesterday are the growing urban centres of today. The built environment in historic areas is undergoing such rapid transformation that visitors are no longer able to experience cultural values of the past. Identifying the cultural values that people experience in terms of the qualities of what, where and how may support a more realistic form of conservation planning. To assess one’s cultural experience in a historic centre, it is important to delineate the significant architectural heritage and its multiple qualities across time. For the purposes of this heritage value study, the historic city of Tiruchirappalli in southern India is chosen. The city, one of the oldest in India, is situated on the banks of a river and comprises an age-old hillock and many other important built forms. Using rapid ethnographic assessment methods, 12 characteristic forms were found and these were categorised according to eight qualities: historical, sacred, visual, spatial, functional, physical, memorable and sensitive. The validity of these qualities from peoples’ experiences on cultural values require further examination on a few sample streets with special focus on where and how visitors and residents feel the strongest sense of place.
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Alves Costa, Alexandre. "The City, The Suburb and The Rest. The Earth." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 64–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_8_4.
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This article examines the urban condition created by a new habitat that emerged in Portugal in the last decades: the suburb. In sharp opposition to the stasis of the historic centre, this article offers an optimistic gaze into the suburbs as a space where new opportunities for inclusion and co-existence could come about. The suburbs are portrayed as the real monument of the twentieth century, a human creation that should be maintained and preserved as such, in an age where the global virtual city will become the new locus for exchange and intercourse. This article also examines the dangers of removing the historic centres from the wider reality of the expanding city. Its survival condition is to contaminate the suburb instead of the other way around. The instrumentality of design - informed by politics -, is addressed as a key contribution to project the articulation of the diffuse limits of the [European] city, the suburbs and the rest.
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González-Pérez, Jesús M., and Margarita Novo-Malvárez. "Ibiza (Spain) World Heritage Site: Socio-Urban Processes in a Touristified Space." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 9554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159554.
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In recent years, there has been a big shift in analyses of historic centres, with the spotlight turning from the issue of urban degradation and the ageing population to studies of the risks associated with touristification and gentrification. The island of Ibiza is one of the Mediterranean’s leading tourist destinations, and its capital is one of the fifteen Spanish cities declared as World Heritage Sites (UNESCO). This study aimed to explore the touristification of Ibiza’s historic centre (a World Heritage Site). To do so, it explored three interrelated variables, the historic centre’s demographic dynamics, tourist accommodations, and heritage, through an analysis of heritage interventions derived from the UNESCO declaration. The methodology was based on the statistical use of demographic and tourism accommodation data on an inter-urban scale by mapping the main results, as well as on a study of the heritage data from the municipal catalogue. We concluded that the old city is in a state of change, both socially (with a demographic decline and drop in the native population) and culturally. All this reinforces its role as a supplier of complementary tourism services and as a museumized space for sun and sand resorts in the rest of the city and throughout the island.
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D'Ayala, Dina, Robin Spence, Carlos Oliveira, and Antonios Pomonis. "Earthquake Loss Estimation for Europe's Historic Town Centres." Earthquake Spectra 13, no. 4 (November 1997): 773–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585980.
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To support decision-making on upgrading strategies of historic city centres, loss estimation techniques are needed, suitable for application to masonry buildings. This paper describes the development and application of such techniques to a case study in the Alfama District of Lisbon. The project involved a survey of 200 buildings to investigate structural features and condition, mapped using a GIS system, followed by analysis of key collapse mechanisms to define static collapse loads under horizontal forces for each building. The results, obtained in terms of earthquake ground motions likely to produce equivalent damage, led to the development of vulnerability functions for the case study, verified by comparison with functions derived from statistical analysis of world-wide damage reports and with damage reports of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The method is used to predict the reduction in losses achieved by the introduction of low-cost unobtrusive strengthening techniques, such as tie-rods connecting facade walls to floors and cross-walls. Cost benefit analysis, considering only structural costs, indicates that the return on the investment would be considerable.
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Pellegrini, Paola, and Ezio Micelli. "Paradoxes of the Italian Historic Centres between Underutilisation and Planning Policies for Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 7, 2019): 2614. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092614.
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The paper presents the analysis of the statistical data on population and real estate in 20 small-to-medium-sized cities in Northern Italy and shows a high rate of vacancy of housing and significant shrinkage of businesses and institutions in the historic centres, where urban heritage is concentrated. Given these findings, the paper analyses the official city plans of the cities with the worst underutilisation conditions, to understand how the plans have reacted to the decline of the centre. The result shows the extensive planning and regulation activity has very limitedly registered the phenomenon and failed to propose the empty inner cores as resources to reduce land consumption and recycle valuable assets in a circular economic vision. Combining the statistical data and the findings from the city plans, the paper concludes that Italian historic centres are living paradoxes—a collection of beauty, icon of well-being, model of sustainability, but abandoned—and therefore, the dense regulatory mechanisms that were necessary to conserve urban heritage during the decades of economic and demographic growth must be reframed to implement a circular economy and adapt to new requirements for living conditions.
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Blanco, Ismael, Jordi Bonet, and Andres Walliser. "Urban governance and regeneration policies in historic city centres: Madrid and Barcelona." Urban Research & Practice 4, no. 3 (November 2011): 326–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2011.616749.
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Jiménez-Espada, Montaña, Aurora Cuartero, and Maguelone Le Breton. "Sustainability Assessment through Urban Accessibility Indicators and GIS in a Middle-Sized World Heritage City: The Case of Cáceres, Spain." Buildings 12, no. 6 (June 13, 2022): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060813.
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The main objective of the research consists of quantifying the degree of sustainability of the city of Cáceres in terms of the inhabitant’s accessibility to public services through the use of GIS tools and urban indicators, taking into account two areas of study: The Historic Centre (PCH) and the city as a whole. The methodology applied is based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish Government derived from the Spanish Strategy for Urban and Local Sustainability (EESUL), which suggests suitable indicators for analysing urban environments. The degree of sustainability of the study areas, applied to the field of mobility and accessibility to public services, is evaluated through numerical calculations complementing the study with accessibility maps obtained using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools. The results show that the city of Cáceres is sustainable in terms of accessibility to bus stops, organic waste containers, household waste recycling centre, schools and education, health centres, and public administration. However, bike parking coverage and lanes, clothes and oil collection, and sports centres need to be further enhanced. In conclusion, there is little disparity in the results between the PCH and the city as a whole, not influenced by the fact that one of the areas is a consolidated historic area. This research has allowed some gaps in the topic to be addressed. However, the main limitation of this methodology consists in the need to have a considerable amount of initial starting data to be able to carry out the research. Finally, the sustainability analysis using urban indicators is considered a valuable source of information for the local manager, becoming a real planning tool in medium-sized cities.
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Šego, Darijo, Martina Ljubić Hinić, and Ana-Mari Poljičak. "Methods of Goods Delivery to the Historic Core of the City of Šibenik During the Tourist Season." LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics 11, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 88–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logi-2020-0009.
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AbstractCity logistics has the goal of optimizing the entire logistics system within the city area and thus positively impact the quality of life. Different measures and initiatives, aimed at the optimisation of city logistics and reduction of the negative effects of urban freight transport are access zones or goods (freight) receiving points in the city centre, restrictions of vehicle dimensions, time schedule of delivery, consolidation strategies, use of urban distribution or consolidation centres, use of electric cars, use of urban public transport and mobility management. In the last couple of years, the city of Šibenik has experienced a tourism boom, which includes the organisation of numerous festivals in the old town core, an increase in the number of visitors, an increase in the number of catering and shopping facilities, private accommodation units, hotels and hostels. The increased number of tourists and commercial establishments also broaches the question of delivery of food and non-food products into the old part of the city, especially during the tourist season.
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Zubiaga, Mikel, Jose Luis Izkara, Alessandra Gandini, Itziar Alonso, and Unai Saralegui. "Towards Smarter Management of Overtourism in Historic Centres Through Visitor-Flow Monitoring." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 17, 2019): 7254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247254.
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Historic centres are highly regarded destinations for watching and even participating in diverse and unique forms of cultural expression. Cultural tourism, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), is an important and consolidated tourism sector and its strong growth is expected to continue over the coming years. Tourism, the much dreamt of redeemer for historic centres, also represents one of the main threats to heritage conservation: visitors can dynamize an economy, yet the rapid growth of tourism often has negative effects on both built heritage and the lives of local inhabitants. Knowledge of occupancy levels and flows of visiting tourists is key to the efficient management of tourism; the new technologies—the Internet of Things (IoT), big data, and geographic information systems (GIS)—when combined in interconnected networks represent a qualitative leap forward, compared to traditional methods of estimating locations and flows. A methodology is described in this paper for the management of tourism flows that is designed to promote sustainable tourism in historic centres through intelligent support mechanisms. As part of the Smart Heritage City (SHCITY) project, a collection system for visitors is developed. Following data collection via monitoring equipment, the analysis of a set of quantitative indicators yields information that can then be used to analyse visitor flows; enabling city managers to make management decisions when the tourism-carrying capacity is exceeded and gives way to overtourism.
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Rodrigues, Leonardo Alexandre Dantas, Francisco António dos Santos Silva, and Tiago Arruda Ferreira Marques Lopes. "Short-Term Rental and Tourism in Urban City Centres." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Governance in Cognitive Cities 2, no. 1 (January 2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijegcc.2021010103.
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This research aims to study the role of the local accommodation establishments (EAL) in the development of Lisbon's historic district by matching fundamental features linked to its tourist attraction with the dynamics associated to the residential function of the city such as its services, urban rehabilitation, and living experiences. Empirical analysis was applied using a qualitative approach with interviews to specialists on tourism management and to residents. This research shows changes occurring in social and commercial environment of Santa Maria Maior parish are not only caused by EAL activity. The aim is to present contributions to the definition of a more sustainable EAL management model in Lisbon. Findings show that stakeholder input can improve the balance and sustainability of both touristic and residential functions. Results of this research show that there is no agreement between the stakeholders in terms of regulatory and inspection measures. Nevertheless, stakeholders gave valuable feedback, and a summary of proposals was drawn to improve EAL supervision in Lisbon.
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Cuca, Branka, and Athos Agapiou. "Contribution of Earth Observation and Geospatial Information for Urban Planning of Historic Cities’ Centres: The Case Study of Nicosia, Cyprus." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 22, 2021): 7023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137023.
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The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations state that cities and human settlements need to be more inclusive, safe and resilient. In Europe cities have experienced dramatic physical, social and economic changes during the last decades while historic centres of European cities, among the most important assets of the European cultural heritage, are living paradoxes. They are defined as “a collection of beauty, icon of well-being, model of sustainability, but abandoned”. This study investigates the changes in the urban landscape of Nicosia, a particular historical centre in the Mediterranean region (Cyprus). The city centre is characterised by exceptionally well-preserved Venetian fortifications. Due to political circumstances, the capital of Cyprus, Nicosia, is still divided and has been ruled by two different administrations for several decades. This study used optical multi-spectral satellite datasets processing, like the Landsat and the most recent Sentinel-2 products, to detect, identify and characterise significant morphological transformations within the walled city and around it. This paper’s central thesis promotes a more systematic use of earth observation products and derivatives in decision-making processes that regard planning, use and management of urban resources in Europe, especially in support of urban planning strategies of historic cities.
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Quagliarini, Enrico, Gabriele Bernardini, Silvia Santarelli, and Michele Lucesoli. "Evacuation paths in historic city centres: A holistic methodology for assessing their seismic risk." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 31 (October 2018): 698–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2018.07.010.
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Jordan, Kate. "The introduction of garden centres to the Hutt Valley." Architectural History Aotearoa 19 (December 13, 2022): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/aha.v19i.8053.
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New Zealand gardening histories are frustratingly brief when discussing the shift in garden retailing in the post-war period. Often, only a mere sentence or paragraph considers the introduction of garden centres. Architectural historian Paul Walker provides an excellent example, writing "Drive-in suburban garden centres spread everywhere and displaced older modes of garden retailing – the central-city garden shops, local nurseries, and probably a good many of the bread-and-butter mail-order businesses have gone." He then moves on to another topic.This paper looks at this shift in garden retailing through three of the earliest garden centres in the Hutt Valley: Zenith, Twiglands and Kents. Each business represents different developments in garden retailing: a nursery that converted into a garden centre, a purpose-built garden centre, and a garden centre with a café. These developments changed how people shopped for plants and garden supplies and evoked various responses from their neighbourhoods. Interestingly the question asked time and again was - do garden centres contribute to the public good? In addition to regular historic sources such as newspapers and advertisements, this talk uses unusual sources such as files from local councils, the Town and Country Planning Appeal Board, and the Shops and Office Tribunal.
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Predari, G., C. Bartolomei, C. Morganti, G. Mochi, and R. Gulli. "EXPEDITIOUS METHODS OF URBAN SURVEY FOR SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W17 (November 29, 2019): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w17-271-2019.
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Abstract. The aim of the proposal is to illustrate how expeditious procedures of urban survey carried out through photomodeling can be the most suitable representation tool in combination with an expeditious procedure for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the historic building heritage in Italian city centres. For some years, in fact, the research group is developing a protocol for the rapid assessment of the seismic vulnerability of masonry aggregate buildings in Italian historic centres.The protocol is based on the determination of synthetic indicators providing a preventive quantification of the possible earthquake damage. This evaluation procedure is oriented to prevent and reduce the current vulnerability, aiming at the conservation and preservation of the historic building heritage. The synthetic indicators are defined by identifying expeditious evaluation procedures based on the typical evolutionary processes suffered by each aggregate in its planimetric and height development, on the construction techniques and on the design concepts used in the local area; these aspects are directly correlated to failure modes.The application of the entire process (starting from the rapid survey phases up to the final restitution of the seismic vulnerability assessment results) is illustrated for the historic centre of Imola. The ancient nucleus of this city constitutes an excellent example, as it is clearly representative of the Emilian historical architecture both for the processes of formation and transformation of the inhabited area, both for what concerns the constructive characterization deriving from the local building traditions.
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Belal, Ali, and Elena Shcherbina. "Post-war Planning for Urban Cultural Heritage Recovery." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 05054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126305054.
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The purpose of the research is to present guidelines and recommendations that can contribute to the post-war recovery of urban cultural heritage by a proposed methodology, based on other experiences in the reconstruction and preservation field of historical areas after wars, with the possibility of applying them, as an attempt to regain the features of the old part of the city. We also suggest those suggestions and guidance on three different levels. These guidelines are applicable at three levels: the historic core of the city, neighbourhood level, and individual quarters level. Each level had a specific theme for reconstruction planning that can maintain the city’s particular character during the current circumstances. Many cities have been heavily damaged as a result of the armed conflict in Syria, destroying most of the city’s neighbourhoods, including the historic district. Hence, we present a study of the consequences of this destruction on the historic fabric of the city, and search for the best solutions to give it the needed protection. Finally, the results and recommendations of this research will lead to developing answers to deal with historic centres and historic buildings that have been damaged by the armed conflict and were neglected before the war. The goal of this research is to identify fundamental principles that can lead to a successful reconstruction process while also preserving the city’s cultural identity.
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Routh, Rajdeep, and Dhruma Bhavsar. "Urban Street Addressing: A Means for Managing Historic Urban Precincts of India." Journal of Heritage Management 1, no. 2 (December 2016): 170–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455929616683112.
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The historic precinct of Ahmedabad has a numbering system that was put in place by colonial rulers and got followed in the post-Independence era. The growth of the city around the historic precinct as well as increase of population has led to a number of issues regarding the existing numbering systems. The demographic explosion has resulted in an undesired development within the historic precincts across various cities in India. Such a scenario has made the existing system redundant as the density of building fabric has increased, within the areas, leading to inconsistent numbering systems. While the road hierarchy as well as the numbering system outside the historic precinct differs from that of the old city, centres have led to the difference between the naming and numbering system of the roads inside and outside the old city area. Most of the streets, except the main, have no nomenclature; also, the streets with names have no particular logic or framework behind the naming system. The aim of this prospective study would be to understand and analyze the street addressing approaches and their benefits within the historic precincts, with a focus on the old core of Ahmedabad. The approach of the article would be to understand the various applications of street addressing, especially within historic precincts, and understand the benefits presented by the system. The article will end with the implementation of street addressing at Ahmedabad and what would be the phases of implementation. Furthermore, devising a sample coding system for a particular area of historic Ahmedabad would support this understanding.
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Levy, Carl. "The centre and the suburbs: Social protest and modernization in Milan and Turin, 1898–1917." Modern Italy 7, no. 2 (November 2002): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1353294022000012961.
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SummaryThis article focuses on two points of disorder and social-political tension in the histories of Milan and Turin: 1898 and 1917. It examines the reasons for different shapes of protest during the ‘ Fatti di Maggio ‘ in 1898 and the events in the summer of 1917. Both cities are the hubs of Italian industrialization and modernization but in 1898, 1917 and later in 1919-20, ‘pre-modern’ protests about the price of bread were melded together with modern political mobilization. This article also examines the growth of working-class suburbs in each city and their relationship to the ‘historic city centres’ on the one hand and the rural hinterland on the other. The uniqueness of protest in each city is related to the political economy and politics of Milan and Turin and the specific relationships between city centre, suburbs and hinterlands in each. The importance of municipal history for the national historical narrative of modern Italy is thus emphasized in this article.
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Nahed Aldohdar, Hammouda. "THE IMPACT OF URBANIZATION PROCESSES ON THE CHANGE OF THE REGULATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL QUARTERS OF GAZA (PALESTINE)." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 80 (September 3, 2020): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2020-80-9-18.
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Abstract. Urbanization processes of the historic urban environment, characteristic of the development of historic cities in the twentieth century, are associated with the redistribution of urban resources, which in most cases have a negative impact on the state and conditions of preservation of the historic environment of old urban centres. The article analyses the impact of urbanization processes on the state of monuments of architectural and archaeological heritage and traditional construction of the old city quarters of Gaza in Palestine. The architectural and archaeological heritage of Palestinian cities is characterized by a diversity of cultures that throughout history have been subject to destruction and transformation caused by the effects of war, changes in political regimes, from Canaanite civilization to the present.
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Smith, Otto Saumarez. "Graeme Shankland: a Sixties Architect-Planner and the Political Culture of the British Left." Architectural History 57 (2014): 393–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0066622x00001477.
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Graeme Shankland (1917–84) conforms in many ways to the popular image of a 1960s planner with his lyrical advocacy of inner city motorways and his suggestions of enormous programmes of renewal in ‘outworn’ Victorian city centres. As an advocate of the belief that ‘our problem in Britain is that it is our generation which must completely renew most of the older parts of our larger towns and cities’, Shankland was an important representative of what Peter Mandler has described as a new ‘more dirigiste version of urban planning’, an approach that had ‘little sentiment about historic townscapes’. As Mandler put it, ‘city centres were to be made “liveable” not by preserving the familiar (which was deemed grey and boring) but by projecting a vision of modern vitality.’ Shankland’s plan for Liverpool is notorious. Gavin Stamp described it as a ‘nightmare’ which was mercifully only ever partly completed. Raphael Samuel labelled him ‘the butcher of Liverpool’. Simon Jenkins’s antipathy towards planners developed after viewing Shankland’s Liverpool plan: ‘I was looking at Bomber Harris. This was the end of the beautiful city and that reaction has infused everything I have thought since about planning and architecture.’ At best, Paul Barker saw him as misguided: ‘I think, for example, of the destruction of the centre of Liverpool by well-meaning planners like Graeme Shankland.’
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Al-Mosawi, Aqeel Q. "Development of an Assessment Strategy for Urban Regeneration Projects in Historic City Centres in Iraq." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 6 (November 29, 2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n6p87.
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In the Iraqi context the importance of urban regeneration in improving the conditions of the physical environment is still not recognized. Furthermore, the rise of urban regeneration initiatives in Iraq due to the deterioration of the physical urban heritage in Iraqi cities, leads to raising the questions about the level of success of these initiatives in finding sustainable solutions to the urban problems with regard to heritage conservation. The current study attempts to develop a suitable assessment strategy for local regeneration projects and to explore possible alternatives which can assist in reorienting urban design strategies towards more sustainability based on assessment of the urban design aspects against a set of performance criteria and indicators.The study argues that urban design is integral to the process of urban regeneration achievement and assessment; through identifying the relationship between urban design principles and sustainable development objectives in the regeneration practises. Based on that, indicators were identified to form the skeleton of the assessment strategy to measure the performance of urban regeneration at the local level. These indicators underwent a detailed evaluation process, with the help of local experts. The research methodology and findings would enrich the related academic fields and will help to strengthen the understanding of urban designers and local stakeholders on how to plan sustainable regeneration projects and create sustainable communities. To ensure that the derived strategy is theoretically and practically feasible, an urban regeneration project as case study was selected and assessed against individual indicators.
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Huang, Lingjiang, and Jian Kang. "The sound environment and soundscape preservation in historic city centres—the case study of Lhasa." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 42, no. 4 (January 2015): 652–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b130073p.
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Nadalin, Vanessa, and Danilo Igliori. "Empty spaces in the crowd. Residential vacancy in São Paulo’s city centre." Urban Studies 54, no. 13 (September 20, 2016): 3085–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098016666498.
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In the past decades, when São Paulo became the national manufacturing centre, it has experienced great population growth. Since then, many housing problems have emerged. In addition, the difficulties that inner cities face in attracting jobs and maintaining economic activities are particularly challenging. Indeed, even if many cities have successfully regenerated their central areas, the so-called inner city problem is still very much alive in the case of São Paulo. As a result although the city centre has abundant urban infrastructure it still has plenty of vacant spaces, including residential buildings. One could say that São Paulo’s city centre is characterised by a large number of empty spaces in an area that is simultaneously crowded with buildings and urban facilities. This paper intends to contribute to the empirical analysis of the determinants of vacancy rates, with a particular focus on historical city centres, using São Paulo Metropolitan Area as our case study. Our empirical analysis relies on district-level data for the years 2000 and 2010, and combines standard spatial econometric methods with hedonic modelling. Our results suggest that there are three main groups of determinants: individual buildings characteristics, mobility of households and neighbourhood quality. We find evidence that the historic central city is a distinctive submarket, needing special urban policies. Its determinants work differently when compared with the housing markets of other areas across the city.
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Treija, Sandra, Uģis Bratuškins, and Alisa Koroļova. "Urban Densification of Large Housing Estates in the Context of Privatisation of Public Open Space: the Case of Imanta, Riga." Architecture and Urban Planning 14, no. 1 (December 1, 2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2018-0014.
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Abstract Urban regeneration with a view to efficient use of urban areas has been a strategy for urban development for decades. Densification is used as a planning approach to promote the implementation of the compact city model and to discourage urban sprawl. The central parts of the city are usually of high density, so the areas outside the city’s historic centre are seen as potential sites for urban densification. In many European cities large-scale residential areas built after the Second World War occupy a significant part of the territory outside of the city’s historic centres. Today, these housing areas are in most cases sleeping areas with great potential for development. Densification of urban areas outside of urban nuclei is not an easy task, and deals with a whole series of challenges. The paper examines the existing approaches focused on densification in large housing estates. In order to define the typical challenges of this process, the examples of infill developments in large housing area Imanta in Riga are analysed. The analysis of infill development in Imanta showed four possible approaches. Some approaches contribute to the improvement of public space for neighbourhood inhabitants in general, still some approaches tend to isolate the new development and inhabitants from the surrounding territory.
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Trovato, Maria Rosa, and Cheren Cappello. "Climate Adaptation Heuristic Planning Support System (HPSS): Green-Blue Strategies to Support the Ecological Transition of Historic Centres." Land 11, no. 6 (May 24, 2022): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060773.
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The issue of climate has posed major and urgent challenges for the global community. The European Green Deal sets out a new growth strategy aimed at turning the European Union into a just and prosperous society, with a modern, resource-efficient, and competitive economy, which will no longer generate net greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Cities in this context are committed on several fronts to rapid adaptation to improve their resilience capacity. The historic centre is the most vulnerable part of a city, with a reduced capacity for adaptation, but also the densest of values, which increase the complexity of the challenge. This study proposes an integrated tool, Heuristic Planning Support System (HPSS), aimed at exploring green-blue strategies for the historic centre. The tool is integrated with classic Planning Support System (PSS), a decision process conducted from the perspective of heuristic approach and Geographic Information System (GIS). It comprises modules for technical assessment, environmental assessment Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), economic assessment Life Cycle Cost (LCC), Life Cycle Revenues (LCR), and Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (DCFA) extended to the life cycle of specific interventions, the Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) for the assessment of energy, environmental, identity, landscape, and economic values. The development of a tool to support the ecological transition of historic centres stems from the initiative of researchers at the University of Catania, who developed it based on the preferences expressed by a group of decision makers, that is, a group of local administrators, scholars, and professionals. The proposed tool supports the exploration of green-blue strategies identified by decision makers and the development of the plan for the historic district of Borgata di Santa Lucia in Syracuse.
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Citron, R. S., and J. P. Talamini. "HERITAGE AT RISK IN BRAZIL: WHAT LESSONS CAN WE LEARN FROM THE REGENERATION OF ROYAL ARSENAL, EAST LONDON?" ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W15 (August 21, 2019): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w15-335-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> All over the world, historic building in city centres are being demolished to give way to new (and taller) developments. In most cases, there isn’t even any kind of documentation of the historic buildings before its demolition. This is a very usual phenomenon in Brazil, where building conservation is a recent subject and only a few architectural styles are considered heritage. This leaves a great number of buildings under no kind of protection, especially in smaller and non-touristic communities. These buildings are usually located in city centres, where taller (and more profitable) developments are encouraged, which puts heritage in even a higher risk of demolition. When historic city centres are regenerated, it usually results in gentrification, with the old housing being replaced by restaurants and shops for tourists. In the UK, in the other hand, heritage conservation has been discussed for many decades, resulting on a good number of heritage-led regeneration examples to be followed. Investments in the conservation of areas of historical interest have turned them into social, cultural and economic benefits. A big difference between the conservation practice in Brazil and in the UK is that in the last one and specially in London, where the demand for new homes grows every year, heritage buildings are usually converted into residential use. Besides, a much greater number of buildings are considered heritage since it's been agreed that the value of a building or an area should be attributed by the community that created it. During the process of adaptive reuse of the building, a accurate survey os required for the planning application, which helps documenting these buildings for future intervention. This paper analyses the regeneration process of Royal Arsenal, Woolwich, in East London and aims to demonstrate why Britain gets to develop and preserve at the same time while in Brazil we usually can only do one or the other. To get to this result, this paper will point out the main differences between the conservation and planning processes in both countries.</p>