Academic literature on the topic 'Historians Great Britain Correspondence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Historians Great Britain Correspondence"
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Labutina, Tatiana L. "“Two-Faced Janus”: Was Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin in the Service of the British?" Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 3 (July 19, 2024): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130386424030035.
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Reviewing the policy pursued by a prominent Russian statesman, head of the foreign policy department during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, Chancellor Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin, the author assesses his relations with the British ambassadors in the period between 1746 and 1756 somewhat differently compared to other historians. Great Britain, which was actively participating at that time in the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–1748), and then, preparing for the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763), negotiated the lease of the Russian auxiliary military corps in exchange for the payment of cash subsidies. Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin played an active role in the negotiation process. However, whose interests was he protecting and was his service in a high public office entirely selfless? From the analysis of diplomatic correspondence between British ambassadors and the Secretary of State, the author concludes that Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin supported the British more often than not, as he was in the secret service of the British government. This is confirmed by the actions of the Chancellor, aimed at accelerating negotiations on subsidies in the interests of Great Britain, seeking to reduce their size, supporting the privileges of English merchants to the detriment of Russian interests, as well as supplying ambassadors with secret information about the armed forces of the country. The biography of the Chancellor, containing a number of dubious facts, such as documents forged by his father to prove the English ancestry of his family, an unusual acquaintance with the future King George I of Great Britain and service under him, receiving a permanent pension and expensive gifts from the British, suggests that Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin was recruited by the British while in the service of King George I, and therefore frequently acted in the interests of Great Britain.
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JACKSON, IAN. "APPROACHES TO THE HISTORY OF READERS AND READING IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN." Historical Journal 47, no. 4 (November 29, 2004): 1041–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x04004091.
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The history of reading can link intellectual and cultural developments with social or political change in the eighteenth century. Historians of the book increasingly argue that an understanding of historical reading practices is essential if we are to understand the impact of texts on individuals and on society as a whole: textual evidence alone is inadequate. Recent work on eighteenth-century readers has used sources including book trade records, correspondence, and diaries to reconstruct the reading lives of individuals and of groups of readers. Such sources reveal the great variety of reading material many eighteenth-century readers could access, and the diversity and sophistication of reading practices they often employed, in selecting between a range of available reading strategies. Thus, any one theoretical paradigm is unlikely to capture the full range of eighteenth-century reading experience. Instead, we can trace the evolution of particular reading cultures, including popular and literary reading cultures, the existence of cultures based around particular genres of print, such as newspapers, and reading as a part of social and conversational life. There is now a need for a new synthesis that combines the new evidence of reading practice with textual analysis to explain continuity and change across the century.
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Sabău, Nicolae. "„Sok szíves üdvözlettel régi barátos…”. Colegamenti di amicizia di Coriolan Petranu con storici magiari." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Historia Artium 65, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbhistart.2020.06.
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"„Sok szíves üdvözlettel régi barátos...” (“With kind regards, your old friend...”). Coriolan Petranu’s Friendly Connections to the Hungarian Historians. Coriolan Petranu is the founder of modern art history education and scientific research in Transylvania. He had received special education in this field of study that is relatively new in the region. He started his studies in 1911 at the University of Budapest, attending courses in law and art history. During the 1912-1913 academic year he joined the class of Professor Adolph Goldschmiedt (1863-1944) at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University in Berlin. The professor was an illustrious personality from the same generation as art historians Emil Mâle, Wilhelm Vögte, Bernard Berenson, Roger Fry, Aby Warburg, and Heinrich Wölfflin, specialists who had provided a decisive impetus to art historical research during the twentieth century. In the end of 1913, Coriolan Petranu favored Vienna, with its prestigious art historical school attached to the university from the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. There he completed and perfected his education under the supervision of Professor Josef Strzygowski (1862-1941). The latter scholar was highly appreciated for his contributions to the field of universal art history by including the cultures of Asia Minor (Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia, and Persia), revealing the influence that this area had on proto-Christian art, as well as by researching ancient art in Northern Europe. In March 1920 the young art historian successfully defended his doctoral dissertation entitled Inhaltsproblem und Kunstgeschichte (”Content and art history”). He thus earned his doctor in philosophy title that opened him access to higher education teaching and art history research. His debut was positively marked by his activity as museographer at the Fine Art Museum in Budapest (Szepműveszeti Muzeum) in 1917-1918. Coriolan Petranu has researched Romanian vernacular architecture (creating a topography of wooden churches in Transylvania) and his publications were appreciated, published in the era’s specialized periodicals and volumes or presented during international congresses (such as those held in Stockholm in 1933, Warsaw in 1933, Sofia in 1934, Basel in 1936 and Paris in 1937). The Transylvanian art historian under analysis has exchanged numerous letters with specialists in the field. The valuable lot of correspondence, comprising several thousands of letters that he has received from the United States of America, Great Britain, Spain, France, Switzerland, The Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Poland, the USSR, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Egypt represents a true history of the stage and development of art history as a field of study during the Interwar Period. The archive of the Art History Seminary of the University in Cluj preserves one section dedicated to Hungarian letters that he has send to Hungarian specialists, art historians, ethnographers, ethnologists or colleagues passionate about fine art (Prof. Gerevich Tibor, Prof. Takács Zoltán, Dr. Viski Károly, Count Dr. Teleki Domokos). His correspondence with Fritz Valjavec, editor of the “Südostdeutsche Forschungen” periodical printed in München, is also significant and revealing. The letters in question reveal C. Petranu’s significant contribution through his reviews of books published by Hungarian art historians and ethnographers. Beyond the theoretical debates during which Prof. Petranu has criticized the theories formulated by Prof. Gerevich’s school that envisaged the globalization of Hungarian art between the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period and that also included in this general category the works of German masters and artists with other ethnic backgrounds, he has also displayed a friendly attitude and appreciation for the activity/works of his Hungarian colleagues (Viski Károly and Takács Zoltán). The previously unpublished Romanian-Hungarian and Hungarian-Romanian set of letters discussed here attest to this. Keywords: Transylvania, correspondence, vernacular architecture, reviews, photographs, Gerevich Tibor, Dr. Viski Károly "
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Лабутина, Т. Н. "ENGLISH AMBASSADOR ED. FINCH ON THE OVERTHROW OF E.I. BIRON (BASED ON DIPLOMATIC CORRESPONDENCE)." Британские исследования, no. VIII(VIII) (June 7, 2024): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21267/aquilo.2024.viii.viii.015.
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В статье в рамках известного направления в современной исторической науке – имагологии освещаются события, связанные с арестом фаворита российской императрицы Анны Иоанновны – Э.И. Бирона, ставшие известными английскому послу Эд. Финчу. Чрезвычайный посол Великобритании прибыл ко двору российской императрицы в мае 1740 г. с поручением заключить оборонительный договор с Россией. Свою миссию дипломат выполнил успешно: российско-британский союзный договор был подписан в 1741 г., однако его реализация замедлилась из-за дворцового переворота, в результате которого к власти пришла дочь Петра I- Елизавета Петровна. Так волей случая Финч оказался свидетелем этого события, а также предшествующего ему свержения бывшего фаворита Анны Иоанновны. О случившемся посол подробно информировал в своих депешах госсекретаря Великобритании лорда Гаррингтона. Хотя биография и деятельность Бирона основательно изучены отечественными историками, дипломатическая переписка Финча, в котором описывались указанные события, привлекалась учеными лишь фрагментарно В своей статье автор предпринял попытку восполнить существующую лакуну, обращаясь к анализу свидетельств дипломата. Учитывая, что секретная информация собиралась и передавалась послом в Лондон по заданию короля Великобритании, можно предположить, что она носила по большей степени объективный характер и отличалась достоверностью. По сути дела, сведения Финча сделались одними из первых достоверных источников о свержении Бирона, и в этом их безусловная историческая ценность. The article, within the framework of a widespread trend in modern historical science - imagology, highlights the events associated with the arrest of the favorite of the Russian Empress Anna Ioannovna - E.I. Biron, who became known to the English ambassador Ed. Finch. The British Ambassador Extraordinary arrived at the court of the Russian Empress in May 1740 with instructions to conclude a defensive treaty with Russia. The diplomat completed his mission successfully: the Russian-British alliance treaty was signed in 1741, but its implementation was slowed down due to a palace coup, as a result of which the daughter of Peter I, Elizaveta Petrovna, came to power. So, by chance, Finch turned out to be a witness to this event, as well as the previous overthrow of the former favorite Anna Ioannovna. The ambassador informed the British Secretary of State Lord Harrington in detail about what had happened in his dispatches. Although Biron's biography and activities have been thoroughly studied by Russian historians, Finch's diplomatic correspondence, which described these events, was attracted by scientists only fragmentarily. In his article, the author attempted to fill the existing gap by turning to the analysis of the diplomat's evidence. Considering that secret information was collected and transmitted by the ambassador to London on the instructions of the King of Great Britain, it can be assumed that it was largely objective and reliable. In fact, Finch’s information became one of the first reliable sources about the overthrow of Biron, and this is their unconditional historical value.
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Hanagan, Michael, and Behrooz Moazami. "Introduction to a 1995 Conversation with Eric Hobsbawm." International Labor and Working-Class History 83 (2013): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547913000057.
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Eric Hobsbawm, who died on October 1, 2012, was one of a handful of extraordinary labor historians who emerged from the British Communist Party Historians' Group in the 1940s and 1950s. Today he is widely acknowledged as one of the great historians of our era. His influence is truly international. For a long time, a significant limitation on the extent of his renown was the USSR where, during the era of “actually-existing socialism,” his works were never translated or published. This was ironic since he was a card-carrying member of the Communist Party of Great Britain (CPGB) from 1936 until its dissolution in 1991.
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Fair, John D. "Recent Historians of Great Britain: Essays on the Post-1945 Generation." History: Reviews of New Books 20, no. 3 (April 1992): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03612759.1992.9949650.
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Sigsworth, Michael, and Michael Worboys. "The public's view of public health in mid-Victorian Britain." Urban History 21, no. 2 (October 1994): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800011044.
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What did the public think about public health reform in mid-Victorian Britain? Historians have had a lot to say about the sanitary mentality and actions of the middle class, yet have been strangely silent about the ideas and behaviour of the working class, who were the great majority of the public and the group whose health was mainly in question. Perhaps there is nothing to say. The working class were commonly referred to as ‘the Great Unwashed’, purportedly ignorant and indifferent on matters of personal hygiene, environmental sanitation and hence health. Indeed, the writings of reformers imply that the working class simply did not have a sanitary mentality. However, the views of sanitary campaigners should not be taken at face value. Often propaganda and always one class's perception of another, in the context of the social apartheid in Britain's cities in the mid-nineteenth century, sanitary campaigners' views probably reveal more about middle-class anxieties than the actual social and physical conditions of the poor. None the less many historians still use such material to portray working-class life, but few have gone on to ask how public health reform was seen and experienced ‘from below’. Historians of public health have tended to portray the urban working class as passive victims who were rescued by enlightened middle-class reformers. This seems to be borne out at the political level where, unlike with other popular movements of the 1840s and after, there is little evidence of working-class participation in, or support for, the public health movement.
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Suzdaltsev, Ilya A. "THE CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS IN EVALUATIONS BY CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH-SPEAKING HISTORIANS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 2 (2023): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2023-2-23-33.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the present-day Englishlanguage historiography of the 1962 Caribbean Crisis. The article presents the opinions of the historians from the USA, Canada, Great Britain and Australia. The paper discusses the points of view of the “traditionalists” who criticize the actions of N.S. Khrushchev, and the “revisionists” who negatively assess the US foreign policy during that period – the policy that, in their opinion, mainly contributed to the unleashing of the crisis. The article also highlights a number of other issues related to the Caribbean Crisis: the participation in the events of Great Britain, Canada, Australia, the role of UN Secretary General U Thant in resolving the conflict, the need to expand the chronological framework of the crisis. The author comes to the conclusion that the discussion of the Caribbean Crisis in historiography should encourage an increase in the number of publications and inspire the solution of the previously insufficiently studied issues related to the conflict that happened 60 years ago.
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Sergeenkova, I. F. "THE PROBLEM OF RELATIONS BETWEEN BIG BUSINESS AND NAZISM IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES AND GREAT BRITAIN." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 5, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2021-5-1-100-119.
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The article presents an analysis of the works of American and English historians devoted to one of the key problems in the history of Nazism - the problem of relations between the NSDAP and big business during the Weimar Republic. The collapse of the first democratic republic and the rise of the Nazis to power were a great tragedy for world history. What forces destroyed the Weimar Republic, and who is responsible for it, this question has always aroused the interest of historians. The literature on this topic is very large, so the main attention is paid to the works of the most famous American and English specialists. The article traces the evolution of historians' assessments of the role of the monopolistic bourgeoisie for the rise of the Nazis to power from the 1930s to the present day, highlights the stages in the development of American and English historiography, due to the change of research paradigms and generations of historians. Most American and British historians reject the definition of fascism given at the XIII Plenum of the ECCI on fascism as an open terrorist dictatorship of the most reactionary, most chauvinistic and most imperialist elements of financial capital. However, in most of the works, the responsibility of the business elite for the collapse of the Weimar Republic is more or less recognized. The article draws conclusions about the prospects and directions of further study of this problem.
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Van Hartesveldt, Fred. "Arnstein, Ed., Recent Historian Of Great Britain - Essays On The Post-1945 Generation." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 17, no. 1 (April 1, 1992): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.17.1.29-30.
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It is not surprising that historians, more than most professionals, are interested in their own antecedents. Scholars delving into uncharted waters must know what has been done previously, and the history and impact of historical scholarship has a fascination of its own. In the modern era varying methodologies have produced controversy and a history of their own. Ultimately the historian becomes grist for his own mill.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historians Great Britain Correspondence"
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Bremner, Barbara. "The Life, times and correspondence of Maria Josepha Holroyd (later Lady stanley of Alderley) /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17772.pdf.
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Winkler, Emily Anne. "Royal responsibility in post-conquest invasion narratives." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:128435f6-4192-4265-af1a-75ac6855a590.
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Much has been written about twelfth-century chroniclers in England, but satisfactory reasons for their approaches to historical explanation have not yet been advanced. This thesis investigates how and why historians in England retold accounts of England's eleventh-century invasions: the Danish Conquest of 1016 and the Norman Conquest of 1066. The object is to illuminate the consistent historical agendas of three historians: William of Malmesbury, Henry of Huntingdon and John of Worcester. I argue that they share a view of royal responsibility independent both of their sources (primarily the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) and of any political agenda that placed English and Norman allegiances in opposition. Although the accounts diverge widely in the interpretation of character, all three are concerned more with the effectiveness of England's kings than with their origins. Part One outlines trends in early insular narratives and examines each of the three historians' background, prose style and view of English history to provide the necessary context for understanding how and why they rewrote narratives of kings and conquest. Part Two analyzes narratives of defending kings Æthelred and Harold; Part Three conducts a parallel analysis of conquering kings Cnut and William. These sections argue that all three writers add a significant and new degree of causal and moral responsibility to English kings in their invasion narratives. Part Four discusses the implications and significance of the thesis's findings. It argues that the historians' invasion narratives follow consistent patterns in service of their projects of redeeming the English past. It contends that modern understanding of the eleventh-century conquests of England continues to be shaped by what historians wrote years later, in the twelfth. In departing from prior modes of explanation by collective sin, the three historians' invasion narratives reflect a renaissance of ancient ideas about rule.
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Smith, Barry 1939. "Peter Warlock: a study of the composer through the letters to Colin Taylor between 1911 and 1929." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002323.
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This thesis involves a comprehensive study of the letters written by Philip Heseltine (Peter Warlock) to Colin Taylor from 1911 to 1929. Warlock first came into contact with Taylor at Eton in 1908 when he studied the piano with him as a schoolboy. Through Taylor's imaginative teaching during the next four years Warlock's interest in and understanding of music, particularly modern music, grew and matured. At the same time a strong bond of friendship developed between the two men and continued until Warlock's early death in 1930. This is clearly illustrated in the surviving 87 letters. Warlock was a great letter writer and over a thousand of them have been preserved, mostly in the British Library. His letters to Taylor have a special significance in that they were written during the entire period of his adult life, most of them during the early formative and creative years. They cover a wide range of topics including the influential friendships with the composers Frederick Delius and Bernard van Dieren, contemporary British and foreign music and his own work as a composer, writer, and scholar. They also give us many important insights into his life and personality, written as they are with rare candour and humour. In this thesis each letter has been carefully and systematically studied and the resulting information used to augment and expand the existing knowledge of Warlock's life and personality, his friendship with Taylor, his music and writings. Because of the wide field which the life and works of Peter Warlock cover, this study has been limited to subjects arising out of the correspondence with Taylor. Where necessary, additional information has been interpolated from other sources, mainly to give a sense of continuity and to explain references which might otherwise seem obscure. For a detailed study of Warlock's music readers are referred to Ian Copley's book, The Music of Peter Warlock, (Dennis Dobson, London, 1979). A definitive biography has yet to be written.
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Scott, Jade. "The letters of Lady Anne Percy, Countess of Northumberland (1536-91) : gender, exile and early modern cultures of correspondence." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8463/.
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This is a study of the letters of Anne, countess of Northumberland (1536–91) throughout her exile in the Low Countries from August 1570 until her death on 9 September 1591. The thesis draws on archival research and analysis of several hundred letters and associated documents, in English, Latin, Scots, French and cipher, spread across six British and European archives, to, from and about Anne and her contemporaries. The thesis includes an edition of the twenty-four extant letters written to and from Anne, in English and Latin, and images of these, as well as a newly published ODNB entry. Anne's letters offer evidence of an early modern woman directing and commanding the production and rhetorical construction of her correspondence and the gendered nature of her epistolary world. The thesis argues that she successfully represented herself and developed her agency despite (or in the context of) epistolary practices shaped heavily by men: male secretaries penned her letters, male addressees and male intelligencers intercepted and assessed the value of her correspondence. This thesis illuminates the physical ways that Anne authorised her letters as well as the rhetorical and linguistic strategies that she employed to assert her own power and negotiate her position in epistolary exchanges. After the introduction, which includes a biography of Anne, an overview of her letters and an outline of the theoretical framework of the thesis, there are three analytical chapters. Chapter One situates the letters in their socio-historical contexts to highlight how Anne negotiated the extreme circumstances of her exile to her own advantage: to access traditional reward-based patronage; to deploy informal shared experiences to sustain service and client bonds; and to establish a central position within the English exile community and the political network surrounding Mary, Queen of Scots. Chapter Two draws on techniques from manuscript studies and examines Anne's letters and the evidence they offer for their own composition, sending, reception and afterlife. This chapter reveals the benefits of close scrutiny of the physical and linguistic features of letters, adding detail to our understanding of women's use of letter-writing practices in the period. Chapter Three applies techniques from the field of historical pragmatics to analyse the rhetorical and linguistic strategies used in Anne's letters to bolster her own position by appropriating gender expectations to her own advantage while navigating social and interpersonal relationships embedded in epistolary exchanges. The thesis therefore, by drawing on different disciplinary techniques, offers us layers of insights into the letters. The picture that emerges is one that depicts not only Anne's agency but the processes through which her agency was constructed and enacted, according to the opportunities and limitations of her own culture and the extreme and exceptional circumstances of her own life.
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Maxwell, Felicity Lyn. "Household words : textualising social relations in the correspondence of Bess of Hardwick's servants, c. 1550-1590." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5257/.
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This thesis collects, transcribes, and, with reference to household documents and contemporary literature, annotates and interprets the surviving correspondence of a constellation of seven upper servants who at various points in the second half of the sixteenth century were stationed at or moved between several country houses and estates of which Bess of Hardwick was mistress. The thesis finds that the extant correspondence of Bess’s servants falls into two categories: (1) letters of management exchanged between Bess and five of her household and estate officers (Francis Whitfield, James Crompe, William Marchington, and Edward Foxe at Chatsworth House, Derbyshire and nearby estates in the 1550s-1560s, and Nicholas Kynnersley at Wingfield Manor, Derbyshire in the late 1580s) and (2) letters seeking practical and political patronage, written in the early 1580s by two of Bess’s gentle-born personal attendants, William Marmyon and Frances Battell, to contacts outside Bess’s itinerant (and at that time politically vulnerable) household. Close literary, linguistic (historical pragmatic), and material readings reveal that all these letters adapt and surpass conventional expressions as they engage in practical problem-solving, complex interpersonal exchanges, and domestic politics. The thesis argues that the manuscript letters materialise dynamic verbal performances of their writers’ specific social roles and relationships — the mistress-servant relationship foremost among them. Each writer simultaneously registers and renegotiates his or her own experience of the mistress-servant relationship through the combination of diverse epistolary features, which include verbal etiquette and page layout, degrees of directness or circumlocution, complexity of syntax, tone, use of emotive language, discourses of pleasure and displeasure, personalised content (which ranges from in-jokes to empathy to distinctive pen flourishes), and explicit expressions of authority or loyalty, as well as job-specific terminology and subject matter. Frequency of correspondence, modes of delivery, and the afterlives of letters are shown to carry further social significance. The correspondence of Bess of Hardwick’s servants acts as a touchstone for the complex role of letter-writing in the formation of social selves and the performance of domestic duties in sixteenth-century England. By accurately transcribing these letters, interpreting them using a unique combination of literary, linguistic, and visual analysis, and reconstructing from these letters and additional archival sources the careers of several servants of one mistress, this thesis opens up new material, perspectives, questions, and methods for early modern cultural studies.
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Stocksdale, Sally A. "British diplomatic perspectives on the situation in Russia in 1917 : an analysis of the British Foreign Office correspondence." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26927.
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During the third year of the Great War 1914-1918 Russia experienced the upheaval of revolution, precipitating the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and installation of the Provisional Government in March, and culminating in the Bolshevik takeover of November, 1917. Due to the political, military, and economic chaos which accompanied the revolution Russia was unable to continue the struggle on the eastern front.
Russia was not fighting the war against the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary alone, however, and her threat to capitulate was of the gravest concern to her Allies, Great Britain and France. In fact the disintegration of Russia's war effort was the pivotal issue around which Anglo-Russian relations revolved in 1917. Britain's war policy was dominated by the belief that the eastern front had to be maintained to achieve victory. It appeared that any interruption to the eastern front would allow Germany to reinforce her lines on the western front, then to win and control the economic destiny of Europe. Britain could not allow this to happen.
This study focuses on the reportage from British diplomats and representatives in and outside of Russia to their superiors at the Foreign Office in London from December 1916 to December 1917. A vast wealth of documentation is available in the Foreign Office Correspondence. Analysis of these notes reveals certain trends which were dictated by the kaleidoscopic turn of events in Russia and the national ethos of these representatives. A minute analysis demonstrates a great diversity of opinion regarding the situation in Russia, ranging from optimism to pessimism and objectivity to prejudice in all phases of the year 1917. To a limited degree this diversity can be correlated with the geographical location and diplomatic status of the individual representatives. Above all it is clear that when historians quote from these sources, they choose the quotations which support the conclusions they have already reached because they know the outcome of the developments that they are describing. The individuals on the spot at the time were far less prescient and insightful. They were much more affected by their own historical prejudices and rumours, as well as the vagaries and short-term shifts of their immediate environment. Many of them believed in the great-man theory of history; a number attributed all developments and difficulties to some aspect of the Russian national character; some explained certain events during the year by conspiracies, especially of the Jews, with whom they tended to equate the Bolsheviks. Only a few were consistently solid and realistic in their appraisal of events, attributing them to factors favoured by our most respected historians.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Almagor, Joseph. "Pierre Des Maizeaux (1673-1745) journalist and English correspondent for Franco-Dutch periodicals, 1700-1720 : with the inventory of his correspondence and papers at the British Library (Add. Mss. 4281-4289), London /." Amsterdam : APA-Holland University Press, 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20609912.html.
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Steinberg, Oded Yair. "The illusion of finality : time and community in the writings of E.A. Freeman, J.B. Bury and the English-Teutonic circle of historians." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3920bcbb-2ab2-4daf-97a1-9bb63512322c.
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This thesis aims to show, how periodization and race converged vigorously during the nineteenth century. The research focuses mainly on the question of how nineteenth century historians viewed the transformation from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. For many scholars, the year 476 A.D. became associated with the fall of Rome. During the nineteenth century, historians elaborated two main arguments: 1) 'The Roman' emphasized the decline that had occurred after the fall of Rome. 2) 'The Teutonic' signified the rejuvenation which the German tribes had brought about in the decaying Empire. Although I relate to the 'Roman' argument, the heart of the discussion is devoted to the 'Teutonic' school that was supported not only by German but also by British or more accurately English historians. The first part of the dissertation is devoted to the theme of 'Community and Race'. In this part, I engage with the thematic question of how the historians of the second half of the nineteenth century constructed past and present communities through the concept of race. A close community or Gemeinschaft of English and German historians emerged during the middle of the nineteenth century. Based on the concept of Teutonic kinship, this community emphasized the notions of race and historical time, which actually invented a new sense of belonging. The English and the Germans were one, an almost indivisible community founded on a purported notion of race. Despite several national or particularistic inclinations, these nations had a common Teutonic past, which always bonded them together. Therefore, the historians 'imagined' a new ultimate transnational (racial) community of belonging. In the second part I study the theme of 'Time'. The linkage between the two parts is embedded in the idea of the Community as a 'Time Maker'. Namely, in what manner does the construction of a community by the historians defines the division of time. The chapter that links the two themes of 'Community' and 'Time' examines the writings of scholars in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who underlined the Germanic invasions of the 4th and 5th centuries A.D. as the events that symbolized the fall of Rome and the end of Antiquity. This governing observation is connected directly with the racial Teutonic feelings that were prevalent among English and German historians. The discussion of it set the framework for the following chapters, which delve into the distinct periodization's of Edward Augustus Freeman (1823-92) and John Bagnell Bury (1861-1927). These historians, who were in constant and close contact until the death of Freeman in 1892, reveal similarities as well as major differences in their historical writings. The main reason why they were chosen derives from the new periodization which they had adopted. Both of them devised a method that signified a departure from the accepted and almost 'sacred' division between Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
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Egan, Grace. "Corresponding forms : aspects of the eighteenth-century letter." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1b22283d-1b7b-46bc-8bbe-fdda16b20323.
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My thesis investigates the dialogic aspects and literary qualities ascribed to letters during the long eighteenth century. In part this involves documenting the correspondence between letters and other genres, such as the novel. Being in correspondence encouraged writers such as Burney and Johnson to express the relationship between sender and recipient in interesting ways. I posit that the letter offered a sophisticated means for writers, including those in Richardson's circle, to represent speech and thought, and mimic (with varying degrees of indirection), that of others. I consider the editorial habits and typographical conventions that governed letter-writing during the period, honing in on Richardson's contributions. I link his claim that letters were written 'to the Moment' with broader tropes of 'occasional' style, and show how this manifests in letters' intricate modulations of tense and person. Chapter 1 details the conventions that prevailed in letters of the period, and their interactions with irony and innovation. I compare convention in the epistolary novels of Smollett and Richardson, and look at closure in the Johnson-Thrale correspondence. Chapter 2 demonstrates that various methods of combining one's voice with others were utilized in letters (such as those of the Burney family), including some that took advantage of the epistolary form and its reputation as 'talking on paper'. Chapter 3 shows the role of mimesis in maintaining the dialogic structure of letters, and links it to contemporary theories of sympathy and sentiment. Chapters 4 and 5 apply the findings about epistolary tradition, polyphony and sentimentalism to the letters of Sterne and Burns. In them, there is a mixture of sentiment and irony, and of individual and 'correspondent' styles. The conclusion discusses the editing of letters, both in situ and in preparation for publication. The twin ideals of spontaneity and sincerity, I conclude, have influenced the way we choose to edit letters in scholarly publications.
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Stone, Heather Brenda. "Companionable forms : writers, readers, sociability, and the circulation of literature in manuscript and print in the Romantic period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:63f652fc-c4c2-4c3a-bc5c-893d4b922db1.
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Following recent critical work on writers' representations of sociability in Romantic literature, this thesis examines in detail the textual strategies (such as allusion, acts of address, and the use of 'coterie' symbols or references) which writers used to seek to establish a friendly or sympathetic relationship with a particular reader or readers, or to create and define a sense of community identity between readers. The thesis focuses on specific relationships between pairs and groups of writers (who form one another's first readers), and examines 'sociable' genres like letters, manuscript albums, occasional poetry, and periodical essays in a diverse series of author case-studies (Anna Barbauld, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Charles Lamb, John Keats and Leigh Hunt). Such genres, the thesis argues, show how manuscript and print culture could frequently overlap and intersect, meaning that writers confronted the demands of two co-existing audiences - one private and familiar, the other public and unknown - in the same work. Rather than arguing that writers used manuscript culture practices and produced 'coterie' works purely to avoid confronting their anxieties about publishing in the commercial sphere of print culture, the thesis suggests that in producing such 'coterie' works writers engaged with and reflected contemporary philosophical and political concerns about the relationship between the individual and wider communities. In these works, writers engaged with the legacy of eighteenth-century philosophical ideas about the role (and limitations) of the sympathetic imagination in maintaining social communities, and with interpretative theories about the best kind of reader. Furthermore, the thesis argues that reading literary texts in the specific, material context in which they are 'published' to particular readers, either in print, manuscript, or letters, is vital to understanding writer/reader relationships in the Romantic period. This approach reveals how within each publication space, individual texts could be placed (either by their writers, by editors, or by other readers) in meaningful relationships with other texts, absorbing or appropriating them into new interpretative contexts.
Books on the topic "Historians Great Britain Correspondence"
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William, Spencer. Army records for family historians. 2nd ed. Richmond, Surrey: Public Record Office, 1998.
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Cobb, Richard, and Tim Heald. My dear Hugh: Letters from Richard Cobb to Hugh Trevor-Roper and others. London: Frances Lincoln Ltd., 2011.
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Fowler, Simon. Tracing your naval ancestors: A guide for family historians. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Family History, 2011.
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Spencer, William. Army records: A guide for family historians. Kew, Richmond, Surrey: National Archives, 2008.
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William, Spencer. Army records: A guide for family historians. Kew, Richmond, Surrey: National Archives, 2008.
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William, Spencer. Army records: A guide for family historians. Kew, Richmond, Surrey: National Archives, 2008.
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P, Taylor A. J. Letters to Eva: 1969-1983. London: Century, 1991.
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Laughton, Sir John Knox. Letters and papers of Professor Sir John Knox Laughton, 1830-1915. Aldershot, Hants, England: Published by Ashgate for the Navy Records Society, 2002.
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Fowler, Simon. Tracing your Great War ancestors : Gallipoli: A guide for family historians. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Family History, 2015.
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Macaulay, Macaulay Thomas Babington. The letters of Thomas Babington Macaulay. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Historians Great Britain Correspondence"
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Preston, Claire. "Utopian Intelligences: Scientific Correspondence and Christian Virtuosos." In Debating the Faith: Religion and Letter Writing in Great Britain, 1550-1800, 139–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5216-0_9.
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Thomson, Ann. "Questioning Church Doctrine in Private Correspondence in the Eighteenth Century: Jean Bouhier’s Doubts Concerning the Soul." In Debating the Faith: Religion and Letter Writing in Great Britain, 1550-1800, 195–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5216-0_12.
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Moore, Michael Grahame. "From Correspondence Education to Online Distance Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–16. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_2-1.
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AbstractThis chapter is about the history of open, distance, and digital education, with the primary focus on its evolving in the USA and Great Britain. A selection of key developments, trends, and players of more than 150 years includes reference to the nineteenth century correspondence schools, the American Land Grant universities, the pedagogical revolution in Charles Wedemeyer’s Articulated Instructional Media project, and its influence on the teaching model developed in the UK’s Open University. Brief coverage is included of the history of educational radio and television, the early computer networks, and the virtual classrooms. Knowledge of past achievements and failures is essential when planning for the future, and so the chapter aims to encourage research into personalization of learning in the correspondence tradition, most importantly research into institutional change and the reform of national systems.
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Moore, Michael Grahame. "From Correspondence Education to Online Distance Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 27–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2080-6_2.
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AbstractThis chapter is about the history of open, distance, and digital education, with the primary focus on its evolving in the USA and Great Britain. A selection of key developments, trends, and players of more than 150 years includes reference to the nineteenth century correspondence schools, the American Land Grant universities, the pedagogical revolution in Charles Wedemeyer’s Articulated Instructional Media project, and its influence on the teaching model developed in the UK’s Open University. Brief coverage is included of the history of educational radio and television, the early computer networks, and the virtual classrooms. Knowledge of past achievements and failures is essential when planning for the future, and so the chapter aims to encourage research into personalization of learning in the correspondence tradition, most importantly research into institutional change and the reform of national systems.
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Prunier, Clotilde. "‘Every Time I Receive a Letter from You It Gives Me New Vigour’: The Correspondence of the Scalan Masters, 1762–1783." In Debating the Faith: Religion and Letter Writing in Great Britain, 1550-1800, 123–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5216-0_8.
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Melnikov, Andrey V. "Correspondence of S.F. Platonov and M.M. Bogoslovsky." In Traditional and innovative ways to explore social history of Russia 12th–20th centuries: Collection of articles in honor of Elena Nikolaevna Shveikovskaya, 174–84. Novyj hronograf, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/94881-516-9.14.
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The article is devoted to the source features of a unique documentary complex – the correspondence of two major Russian historians S.F. Platonov (1860–1933) and M.M. Bogoslovsky (1867–1929). The epistolary dialogue of scientists is of considerable interest not only in terms of studying their life and work. The confidential correspondence reflects significant events in the scientific and social life of Russia, Moscow, Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad. Correspondence is a valuable historical and historiographic source not only for understanding the development of historical science in Russia, the formation of Moscow and St. Petersburg historical schools, but also for studying the public consciousness of the Russian humanitarian intelligentsia at the end of the 19th — first third of the 20th centuries, in-depth knowledge of the culture of a turning point in the history of Russia. The letters contain valuable information about the everyday life and life of the professors, the organization of scientific life at the Academy of Sciences, the Archaeographic commission, at Moscow university and the Moscow theological academy, at the Moscow higher courses for women, at the Institute of history of the RANION, the Historical Museum, other higher educational institutions and scientific societies two capitals, they reflect the international ties of domestic historical science with scientists from Great Britain, Germany, France, USA, Czech Republic.
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Trainor, Luke. "The Historians and Maritime Labour, c. 1850-1930." In Maritime History at the Crossroads. Liverpool University Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780969588580.003.0013.
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The essay discusses maritime labour within the closely linked markets of Great Britain, Australia and New Zealand. It focuses on the rights of labour workers and addresses the effect that unionism, trade, war and race had on maritime labour.
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Clark, Anna. "Sexuality in Britain 1780–1914." In Routledge Historical Resources - 19th Century British Society. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367030278-hobs22-1.
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Historians and nineteenth-century people alike debate over how we know what people did and felt regarding sexuality in the nineteenth century, but the most interesting aspect is how they understood, articulated, censored, or created new understandings of it. The period 1780–1850 witnessed a great rise in births out of wedlock. In response, authorities used workhouses to discipline unmarried mothers. Similarly, from the 1860s the police regulated prostitution. But both efforts produced political protests. Men who had sex with other men also faced increasing police regulation, but sex between women was not illegal and largely hidden. During the late nineteenth century sexual purity advocates, Darwinians, eugenicists, and feminists debated the function and morality of sexuality.
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Kert, Faye Margaret. "Introduction." In Prize and Prejudice, 1–10. Liverpool University Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780968128817.003.0001.
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Dismissed by many historians as a "strategical side show"1 to the main event being fought in Europe, the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States seems to have been declared by the unprepared and fought by the unwilling for reasons that remain unexplained. Inconclusive and futile as a military exercise, the War of 1812 merits further study from an economic viewpoint as a war against trade. Not only did the War of 1812 mark an important turning point in the mercantile relationships between Great Britain and her current and former colonies in North America, it was the last international conflict in which commerce raiding or privateering played a major role....
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Seligmann, Matthew S. "Britain and Economic Warfare in German Naval Thinking in the Era of the Great War." In Economic Warfare and the Sea, 193–208. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621594.003.0011.
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Under the leadership of Alfred von Tirpitz, the German navy concentrated on building a battle fleet based in the North Sea rather than cruisers designed for operations in distant waters. This has led many historians to assume that commerce warfare (Handelskrieg) played no real part in German preparations for war against Britain before 1914. This chapter disputes this analysis. It shows that Germany’s naval planners in the Admiralstab believed that by converting merchant ships into auxiliary cruisers and using them to attack British commerce on the high seas the German navy would be able to cause considerable damage to British shipping and so force the Royal Navy to divert forces from the main theatre of war to distant oceans. It goes on to examine the reality of this plan during the First World War.
Conference papers on the topic "Historians Great Britain Correspondence"
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Christie, Robyn. "The Great Debate: Campaigns and Conflicts in London in the 1980s." In The 39th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. PLACE NAME: SAHANZ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a5016p9v9h.
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In 1984 HM King Charles III, then HRH The Prince of Wales, gave the infamous speech to the RIBA in which he was critical of a proposed new extension to the National Gallery in Trafalgar Square. The fervour unleashed in the press signified a unique moment when architecture, conservation, planning and development became a much – and still – talked about part of the public discourse in Britain. Conservation theory had dictated since its early guidelines of practice that new additions to historic works should be clearly distinguished from their original host or the existing environment. Historicism, imitating the existing architecture within an urban setting was taboo, a notion that went back to Ruskin and the anti-scrape lobby of Morris. Unravelling the events of the 1980s, however, reveals that the desire to copy past forms as a means of retaining the past maintained an ongoing and strong legacy. It had become a method of seeking refuge from the failures of modernism and the divergence between traditional and modern forms, language and techniques. Openly acknowledged that modernism was anti- historic and anti-urban, classicism and medieval towns and forms offered the example of outdoor rooms and a predominance of solids over voids. For the then Prince and his many followers, including vast members of the public, the use of a traditional architectural style as infill in a classically inspired building setting was “good” design practice. At this point, ironically, the retreat to historicism also comprised not only mimicking traditional details but also their playful reinterpretation through an esoteric postmodernism. But the topic of new into old had become confused: the critical issue was one of urban design and not the language of infill architecture. Three case studies within the historic core of the City of London, the basis of criticism in Charles’ speeches of 1984 and 1987, will be explored through the popular press in order to understand their lessons and relevance to the complexity of current contemporary conflicts in historic urban areas.
Reports on the topic "Historians Great Britain Correspondence"
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Smirnov, Serhii. FACTS IN THEORIES OF TRUTH. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12151.
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The article describes the theoretical understanding of the fact from the point of view of the main theories of truth, and also shows a different understanding of the facts and its consequences in real life using a real example. The theoretical part analyzes the correspondence, coherent, conventional and pragmatic theories of truth and what each of them defines as truth (fact) and as untruth (fake). The result is that truth (fact) is defined differently in each of the theories of truth, and therefore the same thing will vary depending on the system we will use. Correspondent “What is” can become “what is not” in another system, because “it is not considered or accepted” (in the conventional system), “not to give the desired result” in the pragmatic system and “violate” the established (coherent) system. The main object of the practical part was to understand the fact of the Budapest Memorandum, which was signed by Ukraine, the Russian Federation, the USA and Great Britain in 1994 as a guarantee of Ukraine’s security in exchange for its relinquishment of its nuclear weapons. The research methodology was a search in open sources of publications, news and statements of the leaders of the signatory countries, analysis of these statements, comparison and classification of facts. The result was that each of the signatory countries created its own reality (based on what it considered to be a fact) that differed from the reality of the others. This was shown even more clearly by the situation after the second, large-scale military attack of the Russian Federation on Ukraine. At the same time, the Russian Federation insists that it did not violate the agreement, and the USA and Britain still had to provide assistance to Ukraine to protect and return its territory, an obligation they previously denied. The significant conclusions of the study are that the understanding of truth and deception, fact and fake and the system in which they are applied is important because it allows in information wars to classify the created realities, and therefore to identify the main fakes or denied facts in order to fight against them. , aiming to destroy the constructed reality itself, and not only its signs in the form of separate, multiplying fakes. Keywords: Social communications, fact, theories of truth, constructed realities, factcheking, information wars.