Journal articles on the topic 'Historians Australia'
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1
Coates, Donna. "Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/3 (September 17, 2018): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.06.
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This essay interrogates two articles by the Canadian historian Jeff Keshen and the Australian historian Mark Sheftall, which assert that the representations of soldiers in the First World War (Anzacs in Australia, members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, the CEF), are comparable. I argue, however, that in reaching their conclusions, these historians have either overlooked or insufficiently considered a number of crucial factors, such as the influence the Australian historian/war correspondent C. E. W. Bean had on the reception of Anzacs, whom he venerated and turned into larger-than-life men who liked fighting and were good at it; the significance of the “convict stain” in Australia; and the omission of women writers’ contributions to the “getting of nationhood” in each country. It further addresses why Canadians have not embraced Vimy (a military victory) as their defining moment in the same way as Australians celebrate the landing at Anzac Cove (a military disaster), from which they continue to derive their sense of national identity. In essence, this essay advances that differences between the two nations’ representations of soldiers far outweigh any similarities.
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Hunter, Kathryn M. "The Drover's Wife and the Drover's Daughter: Histories of Single Farming Women and Debates in Australian Historiography." Rural History 12, no. 2 (October 2001): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002430.
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AbstractIn the 1980s two vigorous debates commanded the attention of economic and feminist historians alike, and they played a key part in shaping the historiography concerning rural women in Australia. One debate revolved around the use of the nineteenth-century census in determining women's occupations, including those of farming women. The other debate, part of a wider feminist conversation about women's agency, focused on the question of the nature of white women's lives within colonial families and society. Despite the centrality of rural women to these debates, and the role colonial women's histories played in shaping the historiography, these debates did not impact upon the writing of rural history in Australia. This article revisits these debates in the light of new research into the lives of never-married women on Australia's family farms and uses their histories to question the conclusions arrived at by feminist and economic historians. It also questions the continuing invisibility of rural women in histories of rural Australia and hopes to provoke more discussion between rural and feminist historians.
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McIntyre, Julie. "Nature, Labour and Agriculture: Towards Common Ground in New Histories of Capitalism." Labour History: Volume 121, Issue 1 121, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2021.19.
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Goods developed and exchanged in the production of capital value are commodified nature that is acted upon by humans. Yet new histories of capitalism have for the most part ignored nature as impacted by this economic, social, and environmental system, and the agency of nature in commodification processes. This article responds to the call from a leading historian of capitalism to consider “the countryside” as a neglected geography of human-nature relations that is integral to generating capital value. It asks whether co-exploitation of “the soil and the worker,” as Marx stated of industrialising agriculture in Britain, also occurred in Australia. To answer this, I have drawn together histories of environment, economy, and labour that are concerned with soils and labour for agriculture, which has resulted in a twofold conclusion. First, it is a feature of capitalist production in Australia that the tenacity of “yeoman” or family farming as the model for Australian market-based agriculture did not exploit labour. Farming has, however, transformed Australian soils in many places from their natural state. This transformation is viewed as necessary from a resource perspective but damaging from an ecological view. Second, Australian historians of labour and environment do not participate in international debates about whether or how to consider the historical intersection of nature and labour, or, indeed, nature, labour, and capitalism. The reasons for this are historical and methodological. The environment-labour divide among historians is relevant as global environmental and social crises motivate the search for new sources and relational methods to historicise these connected crises.
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Clark, Anna. "Unfinished Business:." Public History Review 28 (June 22, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v28i0.7753.
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Understanding History’s history requires reading and analysing the texts it has produced across time, and the diverse historians who made them. In settler-colonial societies like Australia, understanding the power and process of that curation is especially urgent. This discussion briefly explores aspects of the recent ‘statue wars’ in Australian history and argues that the one constant across these many understandings of Australia over time, is this: History curates the past.
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Shaw, Emma. "“Who We Are, and Why We Do It”: A Demographic Overview and the Cited Motivations of Australia’s Family Historians." Journal of Family History 45, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199019880238.
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The multibillion-dollar family history industry is booming in popularity as millions of people around the world are seeking to connect with their ancestral pasts. This article presents some of the findings of a recent Australian study that explored the research practices and historical thinking of family historians. The data presented and discussed here are drawn from 1,406 survey responses and present a demographic and social overview of the survey respondents. It categorizes the cited motivations of family historians in Australia for commencing their familial research, which are much more intrinsic and personal than other studies in this field suggest.
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Curran, James. "Beyond the Euphoria: Lyndon Johnson in Australia and the Politics of the Cold War Alliance." Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 1 (January 2015): 64–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00531.
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This article asks new questions about the U.S.-Australian alliance at the height of the Cold War. Looking at Lyndon B. Johnson's visit to Australia in October 1966—the first time a serving U.S. president had set foot in the country—the article contends that Johnson's presence brought Australian and U.S. approaches to the Cold War into sharp relief, shedding new light on the policies of both countries, especially as they grappled with the ongoing conflict in Vietnam. Although many Australian historians have claimed that this inaugural visit by a U.S. president exposed the alliance between the two countries as that of an imperial power and a colony, a closer look at reactions to the visit reveals a much more complex picture. The article challenges the widely held assumption that Johnson's trip put the final ceremonial gloss on Australia's exit from the bonds of the British Empire and heralded its entry into a U.S.-dominated global order.
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Neilson, Briony. "“Moral Rubbish in Close Proximity”: Penal Colonization and Strategies of Distance in Australia and New Caledonia, c.1853–1897." International Review of Social History 64, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000361.
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AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the two convict-built European settler colonial projects in Oceania, French New Caledonia and British Australia, were geographically close yet ideologically distant. Observers in the Australian colonies regularly characterized French colonization as backward, inhumane, and uncivilized, often pointing to the penal colony in New Caledonia as evidence. Conversely, French commentators, while acknowledging that Britain's transportation of convicts to Australia had inspired their own penal colonial designs in the South Pacific, insisted that theirs was a significantly different venture, built on modern, carefully preconceived methods. Thus, both sides engaged in an active practice of denying comparability; a practice that historians, in neglecting the interconnections that existed between Australia and New Caledonia, have effectively perpetuated. This article draws attention to some of the strategies of spatial and temporal distance deployed by the Australian colonies in relation to the bagne in New Caledonia and examines the nation-building ends that these strategies served. It outlines the basic context and contours of the policy of convict transportation for the British and the French and analyses discursive attempts to emphasize the distinctions between Australia and New Caledonia. Particular focus is placed on the moral panic in Australian newspapers about the alleged dangerous proximity of New Caledonia to the east coast of Australia. I argue that this moral panic arose at a time when Britain's colonies in Australia, in the process of being granted autonomy and not yet unified as a federated nation, sought recognition as reputable settlements of morally virtuous populations. The panic simultaneously emphasized the New Caledonian penal colony's geographical closeness to and ideological distance from Australia, thereby enabling Australia's own penal history to be safely quarantined in the past.
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Stanley, Timothy. "Religious Print in Settler Australia and Oceania." Religions 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121048.
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A distinctive feature of the study of religion in Australia and Oceania concerns the influence of European culture. While often associated with private interiority, the European concept of religion was deeply reliant upon the materiality of printed publication practices. Prominent historians of religion have called for a more detailed evaluation of the impact of religious book forms, but little research has explored this aspect of the Australian case. Settler publications include their early Bible importation, pocket English language hymns and psalters, and Indigenous language Bible translations. As elsewhere in Europe, Australian settlers relied on print to publicize their understanding of religion in their new context. Recovering this legacy not only enriches the cultural history of Australian settler religion, it can also foster new avenues through which to appreciate Australia’s multireligious and Indigenous heritage.
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Boon, Paul I. "The environmental history of Australian rivers: a neglected field of opportunity?" Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18372.
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Historical ecology documents environmental change with scientific precepts, commonly by using statistical analyses of numerical data to test specific hypotheses. It is usually undertaken by ecologists. An alternative approach to understanding the natural world, undertaken instead by historians, geographers, sociologists, resource economists or literary critics, is environmental history. It attempts to explain in cultural terms why and how environmental change takes place. This essay outlines 10 case studies that show how rivers have affected perceptions and attitudes of the Australian community over the past 200+ years. They examine the influence at two contrasting scales, namely, the collective and the personal, by investigating the role that rivers had in the colonisation of Australia by the British in 1788, the establishment of capital cities, perceptions of and attitudes to the environment informed by explorers’ accounts of their journeys through inland Australia, the push for closer settlement by harnessing the country’s rivers for navigation and irrigation, anxiety about defence and national security, and the solastalgia occasioned by chronic environmental degradation. Historical ecology and environmental history are complementary intellectual approaches, and increased collaboration across the two disciplines should yield many benefits to historians, to ecologists, and to the conservation of Australian rivers more widely.
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Carment, David. "'for their own purpose of identity': Tom Stannage and Australian Local History." Public History Review 20 (December 31, 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v20i0.3478.
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Tom Stannage made a significant contribution to Australian local history and regularly returned to it throughout his career, frequently speaking and writing about the local past and collaborating with the community organisations that promoted it. In the context of Stannage's perspectives, the work of some other historians and the author's experiences, this article briefly reflects on the state of local history in Australia and the role of local historical societies. The focus is on New South Wales and the Northern Territory, the parts of Australia that the author knows best, but some attention is also given to the rest of the country. The article considers why the work of local historians and historical societies matters in understanding the bigger picture of Australian history. The various attempts to tell the stories of individual communities quite frequently by and for local residents themselves encourage speculation on their contributions to the broader process of historical inquiry. Local history is, as Stannnage strongly believed it ought to be, usually a democratic phenomenon and one that allows a diverse range of approaches. The historical societies that survive and develop do so because they are solidly based in their communities. Perhaps even more crucial, the data of the past that local historical societies have often unearthed and recorded help allow Australians to shape what Stannage so aptly described as a 'history for their own purposes of identity'.
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BROWN, NICHOLAS. "BORN MODERN: ANTIPODEAN VARIATIONS ON A THEME." Historical Journal 48, no. 4 (December 2005): 1139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x05004954.
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Making peoples: a history of the New Zealanders from Polynesian settlement to the end of the nineteenth century. By James Belich. London: Penguin, 2001. Pp. 497. ISBN 0-14-100639-0. £9.99.Paradise reforged: a history of the New Zealanders from the 1880s to the year 2000. By James Belich. London: Allen Lane, 2002. Pp. 606. ISBN 0-7139-9172-0. £25.00.The Enlightenment and the origins of European Australia. By John Gascoigne. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xviii+233. ISBN 0-521-80343-80. £45.00.Australian ways of death: a social and cultural history, 1840–1918. By Pat Jalland. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2002. Pp. vi+378. ISBN 0-19-550754-1. £15.99.White flour, white power: from rations to citizenship in central Australia. By Tim Rowse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xiii+255. ISBN 0-521-62457-6. £40.00.The five books covered here might seem a random sample: antipodean oddments from the edge of a review editor's desk. Their subject matter – from ‘ways of death’ in Australia to rationing policies for indigenous Australians – is diverse, as are their approaches: a scholarly assessment of the influence of Enlightenment ideas in the Australian colonies through to a massive two-volume general history of New Zealand to 2000. Yet even in this eclectic mix there are common themes, reflecting current interests and models in the writing of history in both countries. For some time, Australia and New Zealand have been productively positioned in relation to European social change as ‘born modern’ experiments, or at least as colonies which forced or anticipated aspects of the modernity shaping metropolitan centres. There have been several phases of historiography advancing this thesis, each reflecting a desire on the part of historians ‘down under’ to relate their account to wider dynamics, or to incorporate models that redress or refute the ‘isolation’ of their history by exploring categories extending beyond the national chronicle. More recently, historians of post-colonialism have returned the interest. They have traced in the extension of colonialism many of the crucial factors shaping core elements of nineteenth-century European nationalism, even the concept of Europe itself. In complex patterns of interdependence within ‘empire’, these historians have also identified several themes of ‘modernity’: reflexive approaches to ‘self’ and identity; discursive matrices of liberal government; the application and testing of the Enlightenment project of ‘reason’ and the ‘disenchantment’ of scientific knowledge and classification.
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Evans, Tanya. "How Do Family Historians Work with Memory?" Journal of Family History 46, no. 1 (October 27, 2020): 92–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199020967384.
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Drawing on survey data and oral history interviews undertaken with family historians in Australia,England, and Canada this article will explore how family historians construct memories using diverse sources in their research. It will show how they utilize oral history, archival documents, material culture, and explorations of space to construct and reconstruct family stories and to make meaning of the past, inserting their familial microhistories into global macrohistories. It will ask whether they undertake critical readings of these sources when piecing together their families’ stories and reveal the impact of that work on individual subjectivities, the construction of historical consciousness, and the broader social value of family history scholarship. How might family historians join with social historians of the family to reshape our scholarly and “everyday” knowledge of the history of the family in the twenty-first century?
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Kercher, Bruce. "Many Laws, Many Legalities." Law and History Review 21, no. 3 (2003): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595123.
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Peter Karsten asks why there might be a greater comparative propensity among CANZ historians than among those of the United States. Part of the reason may lie in the legal education many of us in Australia received, and in the formal legal status of many commonwealth countries until recently. As recently as the early 1970s, Australian law students were taught that English law was as significant as that made in the Australian courts. Appeals from the Australian Supreme Courts to the Privy Council were finally abolished only in 1986. From that time onward, there was a drive within the law schools to find differences from England, to look toward comparisons with other places than England.
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Hall, Robert A. "War's End: How did the war affect Aborigines and Islanders?" Queensland Review 3, no. 1 (April 1996): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000660.
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In the 20 years before the Second World War the frontier war dragged to a close in remote parts of north Australia with the 1926 Daly River massacre and the 1928 Coniston massacre. There was a rapid decline in the Aboriginal population, giving rise to the idea of the ‘dying race’ which had found policy expression in the State ‘Protection’ Acts. Aboriginal and Islander labour was exploited under scandalous rates of pay and conditions in the struggling north Australian beef industry and the pearling industry. In south east Australia, Aborigines endured repressive white control on government reserves and mission stations described by some historians as being little better than prison farms. A largely ineffectual Aboriginal political movement with a myriad of organisations, none of which had a pan-Aboriginal identity, struggled to make headway against white prejudice. Finally, in 1939, John McEwen's ‘assimilation policy’ was introduced and, though doomed to failure, it at least recognised that Aborigines had a place in Australia in the long term.
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D'Souza, Nigel. "Aboriginal Children: The Challenge for the end of the Millennium." Children Australia 15, no. 2 (1990): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1035077200002686.
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No other group of children in Australian society stands in greater judgement of the ability and willingness of this society to deal with their problems than aboriginal children.The challenge that faces all of us in the nineties, including aboriginal community-controlled organisations like SNAICC, is whether we are going to be able to break the cycle of disadvantage, poverty and racism that keeps our children and our community at the very bottom of this society.The 20th century history of Australia will be seen as the millennium of a great expansion of wealth in Australia. It will be regarded as a period of gigantic advances in science and productive technology. It will also - if historians record accurately - show the plight of aboriginal people as the single glaring blight on the record of this country.
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Dean, David, and Peter E. Rider. "Museums, Nation and Political History in the Australian National Museum and the Canadian Museum of Civilization." Museum and Society 3, no. 1 (April 8, 2015): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29311/mas.v3i1.63.
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The role museums play in shaping the public’s understanding of the past has recently become a matter of considerable interest for historians and others. In Canada and Australia, portraits of their country’s history created by national museums have ignited considerable controversy. The Canadian Museum of Civlization’s Canada Hall was the subject of a review by four historians, chosen to examine the Hall’s portrayal of political history, while the National Museum of Australia faced a highly politicised public review of all of its exhibits soon after the museum opened. By analysing and interpreting the findings of these reviews, the authors raise questions about the ability of museums to respond to historical controversy, shifting historiographies and changing understandings of what is important in the past.
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Wyndham, Marivic, and Peter Read. "When Cultures Divide." Public Historian 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 34–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2018.40.1.34.
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We two Australian public historians recently published a history of memorials in Santiago, Chile, to the victims of the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship, Narrow but Endlessly Deep: The Struggle for Memorialisation in Chile since the Transition to Democracy. Our different upbringings and experiences (one a migrant from Cuba, the other Anglo-Australian) produced disagreements as to how we should interpret the memorializations. In particular, the foundational narratives of Cuba and Australia in which we were raised affected our differing interpretations. The article explains these differing foundational narratives and then cites examples of textual disagreements and how we resolved them. We believe that this challenging interrogation of lifetime values improved the monograph and may offer insights for other cross-cultural collaborations.
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Shellam, Tiffany, and Joanna Sassoon. "‘My country’s heart is in the market place’: Tom Stannage interviewed by Peter Read." Public History Review 20 (December 31, 2013): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v20i0.3747.
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Tom Stannage was one among many historians in the 1970s uncovering histories of Australia which were to challenge national narratives and community memories. In 1971, Tom returned to Western Australia after writing his PhD in Cambridge with the passion to write urban history and an understanding that in order to do so, he needed an emotional engagement with place. What he had yet to realize was the power of community memories in Western Australia to shape and preserve ideas about their place. As part of his research on the history of Perth, Tom saw how the written histories of Western Australia had been shaped by community mythologies – in particular that of the rural pioneer. He identified the consensus or ‘gentry tradition’ in Western Australian writing. In teasing out histories of conflict, he showed how the gentry tradition of rural pioneer histories silenced those of race and gender relations, convictism and poverty which were found in both rural and urban areas. His versions of history began to unsettle parts of the Perth community who found the ‘pioneer myth’ framed their consensus world-view and whose families were themselves the living links to these ‘pioneers’.
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Jordan, Matthew. "Rewriting Australia's Racist Past: How Historians (Mis)Interpret the ‘White Australia’ Policy1." History Compass 3, no. 1 (December 21, 2005): **. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2005.00164.x.
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Hall, Dianne. "Irish republican women in Australia: Kathleen Barry and Linda Kearns's tour in 1924–5." Irish Historical Studies 43, no. 163 (May 2019): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ihs.2019.5.
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AbstractThe 1924–5 fundraising tour in Australia by republican activists, Kathleen Barry and Linda Kearns, although successful, has received little attention from historians, more focused on the controversial tour of Fr Michael O'Flanagan and J. J. O'Kelly the previous year. While O'Flanagan and O'Kelly's tour ended with their deportation, Barry and Kearns successfully navigated the different agendas of Irish-Australian political and social groups to organise speaking engagements and raise considerable funds for the Irish Republican Prisoners’ Dependants' Fund. The women were experienced republican activists, however on their Australian tour they placed themselves firmly in traditional female patriotic roles, as nurturers and supporters of men fighting for Irish freedom. This article analyses their strategic use of gendered expectations to allay suspicions about their political agenda to successfully raise money and negotiate with political and ecclesiastical leaders.
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Buchan, Bruce, and Linda Andersson Burnett. "Knowing savagery: Australia and the anatomy of race." History of the Human Sciences 32, no. 4 (July 28, 2019): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695119836587.
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When Australia was circumnavigated by Europeans in 1801–02, French and British natural historians were unsure how to describe the Indigenous peoples who inhabited the land they charted and catalogued. Ideas of race and of savagery were freely deployed by both British and French, but a discursive shift was underway. While the concept of savagery had long been understood to apply to categories of human populations deemed to be in want of more historically advanced ‘civilisation’, the application of this term in the late 18th and early 19th centuries was increasingly being correlated with the emerging terminology of racial characteristics. The terminology of race was still remarkably fluid, and did not always imply fixed physical or mental endowments or racial hierarchies. Nonetheless, by means of this concept, natural historians began to conceptualise humanity as subject not only to historical gradations, but also to the environmental and climatic variations thought to determine race. This in turn meant that the degree of savagery or civilisation of different peoples could be understood through new criteria that enabled physical classification, in particular by reference to skin colour, hair, facial characteristics, skull morphology, or physical stature: the archetypal criteria of race. While race did not replace the language of savagery, in the early years of the 19th century savagery was re-inscribed by race.
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Tweedale, Geoffrey, and Barry Castleman. "Jock McCulloch (1945–2018): A Tribute." International Journal of Health Services 48, no. 3 (June 12, 2018): 586–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731418780607.
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Jock William McCulloch, who died at Melbourne, Australia, in January 2018, was one of the foremost historians of occupational health of his generation. This tribute reviews his career and oeuvre, which was tragically ended by his death from mesothelioma.
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Rane, Halim. "Introduction to the Special Issue “Islamic and Muslim Studies in Australia”." Religions 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12050314.
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The field we call Islamic studies has a long history that could be said to date from the 8th and 9th centuries in the Middle East when Muslim scholars, including Quran exegetes, hadith compilers, jurists and historians, began to systematically write about the teachings of Islam [...]
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Bowden, Bradley. "Australian Union Transformation and the Challenge for Labour Historians." Labour History: Volume 118, Issue 1 118, no. 1 (May 1, 2020): 105–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2020.6.
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The purpose of this article is two-fold. First, it confronts misconceptions that explain union decline in Australia; misconceptions that are entrenched in labour history and industrial relations scholarship. We are told that decline “commenced in the early 1980s,” when in fact it began in 1948; that union decline primarily results from attacks by conservative governments “bent on their destruction,” when the rate of decline has often been steepest under Labor governments; that unions invariably redress the plight of society’s poorest, when union agreements negotiated in retail and hospitality routinely leave workers in a worse position than those employed under relevant awards. The article’s second purpose is to trace the sociological consequence of union decline. While unions claim to speak for society’s battlers, more than 40 per cent of unionists today are managers and professionals. In terms of wage cohorts, the propensity to join increases with wealth. Although unions retain representation rights for society’s battlers, and publicly advocate their cause, the fact remains: society’s poorest members are no longer found in much number in union ranks. In part, at least, the unwillingness of labour historians to confront harsh realities stems from an understandable desire to defend labour’s cause, rather than serve primarily as dispassionate academic observers.
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Syukur, Syamzan, Syamhi Muawwan Djamal, and Syarifah Fauziah. "The Developments and Problems of Muslims in Australia." Rihlah: Jurnal Sejarah dan Kebudayaan 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/rihlah.v7i2.11858.
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This paper shows that historians have different views about the early arrival of Islam in Australia; some argue that Islam entered Australia in the 9th century BC. Those that believe in the 10th century BC were brought by Arab traders. Besides, some mention below by Muslim Bugis fishermen who traveled by sailboat to collect taripang (a kind of sea slug) on the Gulf of Carpentaria in the 17th century BC. While the development of Islam in Australia started appears from 1976 to 1986 the Muslim community in Australia rose to a three-fold. Increasing the quantity of Muslims in Australia is generally dominated by immigrants from the countries of the Muslim majority. Activity and religious activity continues to writhe mainly due to the support and role of Islamic organizations. As for the problems faced by Muslims in Australia is coming from a non-Muslim society of Australia; Persistence of Muslims to practice their religion, sometimes considered a fanatic attitude and could not cooperate. Another problematic faced by Muslims is related to a misunderstanding of Islam. Most of the Australian non-Muslims regard that Islam is a violent religion. This perspective is connected by the collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC). The method of this research is a descriptive-analytic qualitative study that utilizes library resources to acquire, manage and analyze data. Tulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa, para sejarawan memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai awal masuknya Islam di Australia; sebagian berpendapat bahwa Islam masuk ke Australia pada abad ke-9 masehi. Adapula yang berpendapat pada abad ke-10 masehi yang dibawah oleh pedagang-pedagang Arab melalui pantai Australia. Selain itu adapula yang menyebutkan di bawah oleh nelayan muslim Bugis yang berkelana dengan perahu layar untuk mengumpulkan taripang (semacam siput laut) dari teluk Carpentaria pada abad ke-17 masehi. Sedangkan perkembangan Islam di Australia mulai Nampak sejak tahun 1976 sampai tahun 1986 komunitas kaum muslimin di Australia meningkat mencapai tiga kali lipat. Peningkatan kuantitas kaum muslimin di Australi pada umumnya didominasi oleh para imigran dari negera-negara mayoritas muslim. kegiatan dan aktivitas keagamaan pun terus menggeliat terutama karena dukungan dan Peranan organisasi-organisasi Islam. Adapun problematika yang dihadapi kaum muslimin di Australia adalah datangnya dari masyarakt non-muslim Australia; Ketekunan umat Islam menjalankan ajaran agamanya, terkadang dianggap sebagai sikap fanatic dan tidak bisa diajak kompromi. Problematika lain yang dihadapi kaum muslimin adalah berkaitan dengan kesalah pahaman tentang Islam. Kebanyakan non-muslim Australia menganggap bahwa Islam adalah agama kekerasan. Persfektif ini mereka hubungkan dengan peristiwa runtuhnya gedung WTC. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif-analitik denhan memanfaatkan sumber perpustakaan untuk memperoleh, mengelola dan menganalisis data.
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St Leon, Mark Valentine. "Presence, Prestige and Patronage: Circus Proprietors and Country Pastors in Australia, 1847–1942." Alternative Spirituality and Religion Review 12, no. 1 (2021): 39–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/asrr2021122179.
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Christianity and circus entered the Australian landscape within a few decades of each other. Christianity arrived with the First Fleet in 1788. Five years later, Australia’s first church was opened. In 1832, the first display of the circus arts was given by a ropewalker on the stage of Sydney’s Theatre Royal. Fifteen years later, Australia’s first circus was opened in Launceston. Nevertheless, Australia’s historians have tended to overlook both the nation’s religious history and its annals of popular entertainment. In their new antipodean setting, what did Christianity and circus offer each other? To what extent did each accommodate the other in terms of thought and behaviour? In raising these questions, this article suggests the need to remove the margins between the mainstreams of Australian religious and social histories. For the argument of this article: 1) the term “religion” will refer to Christianity, specifically its Roman Catholic and principal Protestant manifestations introduced in Australia, Anglican, Presbyterian and Methodist; and 2) the term “circus” will refer to the form of popular entertainment, a major branch of the performing arts and a sub-branch of theatre, as devised by Astley in London from 1768, and first displayed in the Australia in 1847.
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Carey, Hilary M. "Lancelot Threlkeld, Biraban, and the Colonial Bible in Australia." Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, no. 2 (April 2010): 447–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000101.
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Ethnographers, historians, and linguists have argued for many years about the nature of the relationship between missionaries and their collaborators. Critics of missionary linguistics and education have pointed out that Bible translations were tools forged for the cultural conquest of native people and that missionary impacts on local cultures nearly always destructive and frequently overwhelming (Comaroff and Comaroff 1997; Rafael 1988; Sanneh 1989). Sociolinguistic readings of scripture translation have emphasized the cultural loss inherent in the act of translation and even seemingly benign activities such as dictionary making (Errington 2001; Peterson 1999; Tomlinson 2006). To make this point, Rafael (1988: xvii) notes the semantic links between the various Spanish words for conquest (conquista), conversion (conversión), and translation (traducción). Historians, on the other hand, have generally been more skeptical about the power of mere words to exert hegemonic pressure on colonized people and have emphasized the more tangible power of guns and commerce as agents of empire (Porter 2004). Few would deny the symbolic power of the Bible as a representation of colonial domination, as in the saying attributed to Archbishop Desmond Tutu by Cox (2008: 4): “When the white man arrived, he had the Bible and we had the land; now, we have the Bible and he has the land.”
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Henningsgaard, Per. "Ebooks, Book History, and Markers of Place." Logos 30, no. 1 (June 6, 2019): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18784712-03001005.
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This article considers how markers of place function differently in the print book ecosystem vs. the ebook ecosystem, using books associated with Australia and Western Australia as a case study. Although book historians have mostly failed to engage with ebooks as subject matter, they have considered in some detail the way in which markers of place function in the print book ecosystem. By surveying the scholarly output of book historians working with mapping technologies, it is possible to conclude that, in the print book ecosystem, there exist a handful of markers identifying the following categories: places associated with a book’s setting, its author, its publication, its purchase, and its marketing and publicity. The latter three markers look substantially different in the ebook ecosystem than in the print book ecosystem. Furthermore, in the ebook ecosystem, changes to these three markers can mediate setting and author as markers of place.
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Goodall, Heather. "Writing a Life with Isabel Flick: An Exploration in Cross-cultural Collaboration." Public Historian 27, no. 4 (2005): 65–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2005.27.4.65.
Full textAbstract:
Public historians work with the explosive content of contested histories when they research collaboratively at community level, where class, cultural, and racial divides intersect. The naïve optimism of the 1970s, which held that oral history methodologies would allow a transparent and unmediated path for minority voices to be heard, has been rightly challenged. In Australia, Indigenous historians rejected the underlying racism of much Anglo-authored work, producing a rich flowering of Indigenous-authored narratives as they reclaimed the right to tell their own stories. Yet the realities of "in-real-life" activism and community work continue to be cross-cultural and multi-racial. How then can the narratives of such cross-cultural experience be written? This essay reviews one collaboration, the life story of Isabel Flick, Indigenous activist and educator, as Isabel co-authored it with Heather Goodall, white Australian academic and activist. Drawing on the work of Michael Frisch and Linda Tuhawai Smith, Goodall argues that the tensions in the process opened up many questions, and perhaps suggested some answers, about the dilemmas of doing and retelling cross-cultural work.
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Goldney, D., and T. Grant. "The Platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus - Two Centuries Since Its First Contact with The Scientific Community." Australian Mammalogy 20, no. 2 (1998): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am98001.
Full textAbstract:
Two hundred years have passed since a skin, representing the first specimen of the platypus to reach England, was sent from the Australian colony by Governor Hunter. After its description by Shaw in 1799 the species was first studied in Australia by a number of expatriate biologists who visited the colonies to collect specimens in the 1800s. Their work was followed in the early 1900s by a group of resident natural historians and later by an increasing number of academic biologists. All of these workers have contributed significantly to the current understanding of the biology of this unique Australian species, but it has been in the last I0-20 years of this century that scientific investigations of the species have diversified to greatly increase our understanding of many aspects of the biology of Ornithorhynchus anatinus.
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Godfrey, Barry. "Prison Versus Western Australia: Which Worked Best, the Australian Penal Colony or the English Convict Prison System?" British Journal of Criminology 59, no. 5 (March 31, 2019): 1139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz012.
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Abstract Between 1850 and 1868, a natural experiment in punishment took place. Men convicted of similar crimes could serve their sentence of penal servitude either in Britain or in Australia. For historians and social scientists, this offers the prospect of addressing a key question posed over 200 years ago by the philosopher, penal theorist and reformer Jeremy Bentham when he authored a lengthy letter entitled ‘Panopticon versus New South Wales: Or, the Panopticon Penitentiary System, and the Penal Colonization System, Compared’. This article answers the underlying tenet of Bentham’s question, ‘Which was best prison or transportation?’ by applying two efficiency tests. The first tests whether UK convicts or Australian convicts had higher rates of reconviction, and the second explores the speed to reconviction.
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Turner, Stephanie. "Negotiating Nostalgia: The Rhetoricity of Thylacine Representation in Tasmanian Tourism." Society & Animals 17, no. 2 (2009): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853009x418055.
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AbstractThe recently extinct thylacine, endemic to Australia, has become a potent cultural icon in the state of Tasmania, with implications for Australian ecotourism and Tasmanian conservation strategies. While the thylacine's iconicity has been analyzed by naturalists and cultural historians, its significance in Tasmanian tourism has yet to be examined. Thylacine representations in tourism-related writings and images, because of their high degree of ambivalence, function as a rich site of conflicting values regarding national identity and native species protection. Drawing on cultural studies of the thylacine and constructivist theories of tourism, this study identifies and documents three polarities in thylacine representation: the thylacine as wild yet domesticated, present yet absent, and an Australian national—yet distinctly regional—subject. A close reading of contradictory textual and visual elements in tourist guides, travel writing, specialized maps, and museum exhibits illuminates ongoing debates about Australian econationalism in the global tourism economy.
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Barnwell, Ashley. "Keeping the Nation’s Secrets: “Colonial Storytelling” within Australian Families." Journal of Family History 46, no. 1 (October 16, 2020): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199020966920.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies of the genealogy craze focus on how family historians appeal to ancestors to fashion their own identities, but practicing family history can also be a form of national identity-work. In this paper I explore how Larissa Behrendt’s notion of “colonial storytelling” might apply to the hi/stories told within families, as they seek to reproduce or challenge inherited narratives of settler colonialism. To do this, I analyze a sample of self-published family histories of “settlement” held at the National Library of Australia. With close attention to family historians’ books, I consider how genealogical research can revise the collective memories that shape both familial and national imaginaries and offer a model for truth-telling.
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Young, Peter. "Series on Church and State Church and State in the Legal Tradition of Australia." Journal of Anglican Studies 1, no. 2 (December 2003): 92–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174035530300100207.
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ABSTRACTThe relationship between church and state in Australia has been examined on many occasions, though principally by historians and theologians. This article examines how the legislature and courts of Australia have handled problems where there has been a conflict at the interface between secular and religious interests. The article deals with constitutional issues, conflict in education, in town planning and taxation as well as considering what we really mean by ‘church’ and ‘state’ in this context and how problems might manifest themselves in the twenty-first century.
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Fransen-Taylor, Pamela, and Bhuva Narayan. "Challenging prevailing narratives with Twitter: An #AustraliaDay case study of participation, representation and elimination of voice in an archive." Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 50, no. 3 (May 7, 2018): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961000618769981.
Full textAbstract:
Social media, specifically a microblogging service such as Twitter, constitute a public space that has changed how we interact with, exchange, and respond to information in a civil society. They also have the potential to give public voice to minority narratives that are under-represented in the mainstream media, just as grassroots graffiti in public spaces have done over human history. Using a specific case study around an issue in the Australian national discourse around Australia Day, this study contributes new insights towards an understanding of how alternate narratives are expressed and erased in cyberspace, just as graffiti are erased from public view by the authorities. Widely promoted by official sources as a day of festivity and celebration, the Australia Day Your Way initiative actively promotes the use of the hashtag #AustraliaDay to metatag tweets for capture to an annual time capsule stored by the National Museum of Australia. For Australia’s indigenous minority though, Australia Day is symbolic of an entirely different narrative, expressed online through the hashtags #InvasionDay and #SurvivalDay. We studied all three hashtags and their intersections on Twitter and also compared this data to what was showcased in the official time capsule. We found that although the alternative voices existed on Twitter, they were excluded from the official time capsule. This has implications both for archives and for future historians studying contemporary events.
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Grant, T. R., and P. D. Temple–Smith. "Field biology of the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus ): historical and current perspectives." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (July 29, 1998): 1081–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0267.
Full textAbstract:
The field biology of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus , was first studied by a number of expatriate biologists who visited the Australian colonies to collect specimens in the 1800s. Their work was followed in the early to mid–1900s by a group of resident natural historians and later by an increasing number of academic biologists. All of these workers contributed significantly to the current understanding of the field biology of this unique Australian species. The platypus occupies much the same general distribution as it did prior to European occupation of Australia, except for its loss from the state of South Australia. However, local changes and fragmentation of distribution due to human modification of its habitat are documented. The species currently inhabits eastern Australia from around Cooktown in the north to Tasmania in the south. Although not found in the west–flowing rivers of northern Queensland, it inhabits the upper reaches of rivers flowing to the west and north of the dividing ranges in the south of the state and in New South Wales and Victoria. Its current and historical abundance, however, is less well known and it has probably declined in numbers, although still being considered as common over most of its current range. The species was extensively hunted for its fur until around this turn of this century. The platypus is mostly nocturnal in its foraging activities, being predominantly an opportunistic carnivore of benthic invertebrates. The species is homeothermic, maintaining its low body temperature (32°C), even while foraging for hours in water below 5°C. Its major habitat requirements include both riverine and riparian features which maintain a supply of benthic prey species and consolidated banks into which resting and nesting burrows can be excavated. The species exhibits a single breeding season, with mating occurring in late winter or spring and young first emerging into the water after 3—4 months of nurture by the lactating females in the nesting burrows. Natural history observations, mark and recapture studies and preliminary investigations of population genetics indicate the possibility of resident and transient members of populations and suggest a polygynous mating system. Recent field studies have largely confirmed and extended the work of the early biologists and natural historians.
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Raeburn, Toby, Carol Liston, Jarrad Hickmott, and Michelle Cleary. "Colonial surgeon Patrick Hill (1794–1852): unacknowledged pioneer of Australian mental healthcare." History of Psychiatry 30, no. 1 (November 12, 2018): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x18809925.
Full textAbstract:
Despite making a substantial contribution to the development of mental health services in colonial Australia, until now the story of Dr Patrick Hill’s (1794–1852) life has been overlooked by historians. This paper reviews primary sources including clinical notes, patient lists, letters, government documents and newspaper articles which reveal that Dr Hill was a dedicated physician who played a vital role in the development of Australian mental healthcare. He was held in such esteem that by the time of his sudden death in 1852 he had been elevated to the most senior medical office in New South Wales. Dr Hill’s career serves to exemplify how the local practice of individual colonial doctors helped build the reputation of medicine in the modern era.
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Jaggard, Ed. "Americans, Malibus, Torpedo Buoys, and Australian Beach Culture." Journal of Sport History 41, no. 2 (July 1, 2014): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.41.2.269.
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Abstract When the Surf Life Saving Association of Australia (SLSAA) invited American and Hawaiian lifeguards to compete at an international surf lifesaving carnival at Torquay, Victoria, in November of 1956, it did not foresee the far-reaching consequences of the tour. Noting that historians of the beach, and surfing in particular, frequently refer to the epochal significance of 1956, the paper utilizes predominantly surf lifesaving sources to explore the circumstances culminating in the month-long visit, discusses the appearance of Malibu boards, and then analyzes the consequences for Australian surf lifesaving in particular. The great irony of 1956 was that by welcoming the Americans and Hawaiians the SLSAA weakened its previous control over the beaches, as Australians found new ways to enjoy the surf.
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Orlova, T. "Development of Public History in Australia." Problems of World History, no. 15 (September 14, 2021): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.46869/2707-6776-2021-15-10.
Full textAbstract:
The present article is aimed at demonstrating the importance of new for Ukrainian historiography direction of public history, for the country’s development and for strengthening its stance at the international arena. Australia is taken for an example, as it has turned from once remote Terra Incognita into one of the leading nations of the modern world. It is emphasized that, regardless of attainments, the identity issue is still as urgent as to other countries in the conditions of a global crisis. The sources of the public history trend are revealed, explained are the factors conducive to its spread planet-wise, attention is brought to the fact that this trend has become a natural result of developments in the science of history in the Western civilization, encompassing countries of Europe, the Americas, and Australia. The latter, being a ramification of the Western civilization branch, has adopted the guidelines outlined by American scholars, driven by pragmatic considerations.
Steps are determined in the institutionalization of the said direction, a characteristic is given to the activities of the Australian Center of Public History at Sydney Technology University, of the journal “Public History Survey”, as well as to the specifics of their work in the digital era under the motto: “History for the public, about the public, together with the public”. The same motto is leading the historians working with local and family history, cooperating with the State in the field of commemoration, placing great importance on museums, memorials, monuments. Considering national holidays, particular attention is given to the National Day of Apology, reflecting the complications of Australian history. Like American public history, the Australian one began to give much attention to those groups of population that were previously omitted by the focus of research, namely, the aborigines.
A conclusion is made regarding the importance of history in general and public history in particular for the implementation of the national identity policy – an important token of the nation’s stable and successful progress.
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Yonetani, Julia. "The 'History Wars' in Comparative Perspective: Australia and Japan." Cultural Studies Review 10, no. 2 (August 12, 2013): 33–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/csr.v10i2.3470.
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The term ‘revisionism’ has referred historically to views that challenge an orthodoxy or official position. As narrative, history continually presents itself with the possibility of revision. A history that denies the possibility of revision is ideologically dogmatic. In this sense revisionism cannot be considered as necessarily a negative phenomenon. Yet revisionism is the term that has been used recently to describe historians who discount the extent or even occurrence of historical tragedies such as massacre, genocide, or even the Nazi holocaust. The dogmatic evasion and denunciation of any contradictory evidence by such revisionists can lead to what A. Dirk Moses refers to as the second meaning of revisionism, the posture of denial.
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Griffen-Foley, Bridget. "Inaugural KS Inglis address: making Australian media history." Media International Australia 170, no. 1 (October 12, 2018): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18805089.
Full textAbstract:
This address considers the development of media history as a field of research in Australia. It takes the form of a historiographical excursion, beginning with a focus on the press, and then extending to broadcasting, and touching on the work of KS Inglis as a through line. After considering what I identify as a historiographical blossoming since the 1980s, I extend my gaze to the tools and institutions for media history that have emerged, including online resources, a conference series and a research centre. Finally, I use my own 1990s research into the Packer empire to illustrate how some of the techniques for doing media history have changed in the past 20 years. In doing so, I reflect on both the benefits, and the limitations, of digital tools and techniques for Australian media historians.
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Hayward, Sandra F. "Colonial Expressions of Identity in Funerals, Cemeteries, and Funerary Monuments of Nineteenth-Century Perth, Western Australia." Genealogy 2, no. 3 (July 18, 2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy2030023.
Full textAbstract:
A general cemetery was established in 1829–1830 for the town of Perth, Western Australia, and during the rest of the nineteenth century, other cemeteries were added to the complex to cater for various Christian denominations as well as for Chinese and Jewish communities. In all, seven contiguous cemeteries were used over the colonial period in Perth. By 1899, when the cemetery complex was closed, approximately ten thousand people were buried there. The deceased or their bereaved loved ones chose funerals, epitaphs, burial locations, and funerary monuments to express social, ethnic, religious, familial, and gendered identity. These expressions of identity provide more information than just birth and death dates for genealogists and family historians as to what was important to the deceased and their family. In the first half of the nineteenth century, identities were dominantly related to family, whereas later in the century, identities included religion, ethnicity, and achievements within the colony of Western Australia. Some expressions of identity in Perth contrast with those found in other Australian colonies, especially in regard to the use and types of religious crosses in the Christian denominations.
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Kirk, Neville. "UK-Australian Labour History Conference." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904000122.
Full textAbstract:
This international conference, the first of its kind to be organized in the UK, was held at the Manchester Metropolitan University and the International Centre for Labour Studies, the University of Manchester, on July 16–18, 2003. The conference organizers were Neville Kirk, MMU, on behalf of the Society for the Study of Labour History, Anne Morrow, on behalf of the International Centre for Labour Studies, and Greg Patmore, University of Sydney, for the Australian Society for the Study of Labour History. The aim was to bring together invited speakers in order to advance our knowledge and understanding of the labor history of Britain and Australia. Feedback received by the organizers suggests that this aim was successfully realized. However, attendance on the part of British colleagues was somewhat disappointing, perhaps a reflection of the minority interest among British labor historians in comparative history.
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Coventry, C. J. "Links in the Chain: British slavery, Victoria and South Australia." Before/Now: Journal of the collaborative Research Centre in Australian History (CRCAH) 1, no. 1 (May 3, 2019): 27–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.35843/beforenow.173286.
Full textAbstract:
Beneficiaries of British slavery were present in colonial Victoria and provincial South Australia, a link overlooked by successive generations of historians. The Legacies of British Slave-ownership database, hosted by University College, London, reveals many people in these colonies as having been connected to slave money awarded as compensation by the Imperial Parliament in the 1830s. This article sets out the beneficiaries to demonstrate the scope of exposure of the colonies to slavery. The list includes governors, jurists, politicians, clergy, writers, graziers and financiers, as well as various instrumental founders of South Australia. While Victoria is likely to have received more of this capital than South Australia, the historical significance of compensation is greater for the latter because capital from beneficiaries of slavery, particularly George Fife Angas and Raikes Currie, ensured its creation. Evidence of beneficiaries of slavery surrounds us in the present in various public honours and notable buildings.
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Dingman, Roger. "The Diplomacy of Dependency: The Philippines and Peacemaking with Japan, 1945–52." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 17, no. 2 (September 1986): 307–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463400001077.
Full textAbstract:
Historians have examined the Japanese peace settlement of 1951 in a variety of ways. A few have treated it as an episode in the ongoing evolution of the structure of international relations in the Pacific and East Asia. Most have focused on the interaction between the principal victor, the United States, and vanquished Japan, weighing the negotiating successes and failures of each and assessing the impact of the settlement on subsequent Japanese-American relations. Recently still other historians have exploited newly available archival materials to analyze the role middle-range powers such as Australia and Britain played in shaping the 1951 peace treaty. While this research has revealed a great deal about the San Francisco peace settlement, it has left unexplored the part small powers played in a major restructuring of the Pacific/East Asian international order.
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Beckett, Louise Butt. "The Function of ‘the tragic’ in Henry Reynolds' Narratives of Contact History." Queensland Review 3, no. 1 (April 1996): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000684.
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This paper discusses the ways in which ideas of ‘the tragic’ function in recent narratives of contact history in Australia. ‘Contact history’ is used here to refer to first and second generation contact between Aboriginal people and the European invaders in Australia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and I shall be primarily concerned with those historical narratives which attempt to ‘re-write’ history to include Aboriginal responses during this period. Within Australian historiography this project is said to have commenced in the 1970s, prompted by wider events in the Australian community such as the Aboriginal land rights movement (Curthoys 1983, 99). One of the best-known contributors to this project of inclusion has been Henry Reynolds, now the author of eight books dedicated to it. I shall be examining two of Reynolds' most recent contributions to this area: With the White People (1990) and The Fate of a Free People (1995). At the same time that Reynolds and other professional historians have engaged in this project, there has been an increasing body of work by Aboriginal writers — much of it classified as fiction rather than academic historiography — examining these same themes of initial contact and resistance to invasion. In order to clarify some of my arguments about the function of the tragic mode in Reynolds' work, I shall also discuss a recently published short story by the Aboriginal writer, Gerry Bostock.
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Bazyk, Dmytro V. "Peculiarities of Transformation of the Original Religious Beliefs of Australian Indigenous Societies in Modern Conditions." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 47 (June 3, 2008): 60–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2008.47.1947.
Full textAbstract:
Indigenous beliefs of Australia have attracted the attention of numerous generations of researchers of the XIX - XX centuries. The reasons for this interest were not limited by the exotic beliefs of the traditional beliefs of the distant region of the planet. Anthropologists, ethnographers, sociologists, historians and religious scholars, considering the preservation of one of the most archaic systems of economy and social organization among the tribes of Australia, respectively, considered the aboriginal beliefs as a spiritual result, reflecting the most archaic system of social relations, referring to them as a kind , "The standard of primordial religion." So, the Soviet researcher S. Tokarev notes that the beliefs of Australians are the most archaic religious phenomenon that has remained to this day and a classic, typical example of totemism.
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Huf, Ben, Yves Rees, Michael Beggs, Nicholas Brown, Frances Flanagan, Shannyn Palmer, and Simon Ville. "Capitalism in Australia: New histories for a reimagined future." Thesis Eleven 160, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513620949028.
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Capitalism is back. Three decades ago, when all alternatives to liberal democracy and free markets appeared discredited, talk of capitalism seemed passé. Now, after a decade of political and economic turmoil, capitalism and its temporal critique of progress and decline again seems an indispensable category to understanding a world in flux. Among the social sciences, historians have led both the embrace and critique of this ‘re-emergent’ concept. This roundtable discussion between leading and emerging Australian scholars working across histories of economy, work, policy, geography and political economy, extends this agenda. Representing the outcome of a workshop convened at La Trobe University in November 2018 and responding to questions posed by conveners Huf and Rees, five participants debate the nature, utility and future of the new constellation of ‘economic’ historical scholarship. While conducted well before the outbreak of COVID-19, the ensuring discussion nevertheless speaks saliently to the crises of our times.
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GRUNDLINGH, ALBERT. "THE KING'S AFRIKANERS? ENLISTMENT AND ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA'S DEFENCE FORCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939–45." Journal of African History 40, no. 3 (November 1999): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007537.
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In contrast to the situation in Commonwealth countries such as Canada and Australia, South Africa's participation in the Second World War has not been accorded a particularly significant place in the country's historiography. In part at least, this is the result of historiographical traditions which, although divergent in many ways, have a common denominator in that their various compelling imperatives have despatched the Second World War to the periphery of their respective scholarly discourses.Afrikaner historians have concentrated on wars on their ‘own’ soil – the South African War of 1899–1902 in particular – and beyond that through detailed analyses of white politics have been at pains to demonstrate the inexorable march of Afrikanerdom to power. The Second World War only featured insofar as it related to internal Afrikaner political developments. Neither was the war per se of much concern to English-speaking academic historians, either of the so-called liberal or radical persuasion. For more than two decades, the interests of English-speaking professional historians have been dominated by issues of race and class, social structure, consciousness and the social effects of capitalism. While the South African War did receive some attention in terms of capitalist imperialist expansion, the Second World War was left mostly to historians of the ‘drum-and-trumpet’ variety. In general, the First and Second World Wars did not appear a likely context in which to investigate wider societal issues in South Africa.
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Pathania, Ashok Kumar, Dr Anshu Raj Purohit, and Dr Subhash Verma. "History of Early Colonization and Displacement of the Aboriginals: Oscar and Lucinda." International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Configuration 1, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52984/ijomrc1208.
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The post colonial literature questions the legitimacy and completeness of history written in form of the chronicles of kings, princes, privileged ruling elites and the colonial and imperial ways of ruling the weaker territories across the world. Such power based narratives of the rulers, also termed as ‘mainstream history’, offer, either less space, for the indigenous, ‘subalterns’ or the conquered, or misrepresented them as the black, inferiors, uncivilized or aboriginals. The mainstreaming of history in this sense is the authoritative completeness or truth telling of the past. It is propagated as a matter of telling the story of past which can never be available as undistorted or pure. The novels of Peter Carey, the famous Australian novelist, re-evaluate the intricacies of history written by mainstream historians through their writings. In the historical fiction of Carey the convicts, rebellions, historical legends, systematic suppression and colonization of Aboriginals find justifiable records of their voices which could find place in the main stream version of history. The present paper is an attempt to analyse Peter Carey’s Oscar and Lucinda (1988) as purely a historical projection of nineteenth century Australia that portrays the early phase of British colonization of the continent particularly when the British administrators and historians were writing the saga of discovering and settling a newly occupied landmass. It unravels the process of spreading the Christianity in the newly occupied land which was one of the main strategies of British colonization across its colonies.