Academic literature on the topic 'Historians Australia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Historians Australia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Historians Australia"
1
Coates, Donna. "Happy is the Land that Needs No Heroes." Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies, no. 27/3 (September 17, 2018): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7311/0860-5734.27.3.06.
Full textAbstract:
This essay interrogates two articles by the Canadian historian Jeff Keshen and the Australian historian Mark Sheftall, which assert that the representations of soldiers in the First World War (Anzacs in Australia, members of the Canadian Expeditionary Forces, the CEF), are comparable. I argue, however, that in reaching their conclusions, these historians have either overlooked or insufficiently considered a number of crucial factors, such as the influence the Australian historian/war correspondent C. E. W. Bean had on the reception of Anzacs, whom he venerated and turned into larger-than-life men who liked fighting and were good at it; the significance of the “convict stain” in Australia; and the omission of women writers’ contributions to the “getting of nationhood” in each country. It further addresses why Canadians have not embraced Vimy (a military victory) as their defining moment in the same way as Australians celebrate the landing at Anzac Cove (a military disaster), from which they continue to derive their sense of national identity. In essence, this essay advances that differences between the two nations’ representations of soldiers far outweigh any similarities.
2
Hunter, Kathryn M. "The Drover's Wife and the Drover's Daughter: Histories of Single Farming Women and Debates in Australian Historiography." Rural History 12, no. 2 (October 2001): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956793300002430.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the 1980s two vigorous debates commanded the attention of economic and feminist historians alike, and they played a key part in shaping the historiography concerning rural women in Australia. One debate revolved around the use of the nineteenth-century census in determining women's occupations, including those of farming women. The other debate, part of a wider feminist conversation about women's agency, focused on the question of the nature of white women's lives within colonial families and society. Despite the centrality of rural women to these debates, and the role colonial women's histories played in shaping the historiography, these debates did not impact upon the writing of rural history in Australia. This article revisits these debates in the light of new research into the lives of never-married women on Australia's family farms and uses their histories to question the conclusions arrived at by feminist and economic historians. It also questions the continuing invisibility of rural women in histories of rural Australia and hopes to provoke more discussion between rural and feminist historians.
3
McIntyre, Julie. "Nature, Labour and Agriculture: Towards Common Ground in New Histories of Capitalism." Labour History: Volume 121, Issue 1 121, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/jlh.2021.19.
Full textAbstract:
Goods developed and exchanged in the production of capital value are commodified nature that is acted upon by humans. Yet new histories of capitalism have for the most part ignored nature as impacted by this economic, social, and environmental system, and the agency of nature in commodification processes. This article responds to the call from a leading historian of capitalism to consider “the countryside” as a neglected geography of human-nature relations that is integral to generating capital value. It asks whether co-exploitation of “the soil and the worker,” as Marx stated of industrialising agriculture in Britain, also occurred in Australia. To answer this, I have drawn together histories of environment, economy, and labour that are concerned with soils and labour for agriculture, which has resulted in a twofold conclusion. First, it is a feature of capitalist production in Australia that the tenacity of “yeoman” or family farming as the model for Australian market-based agriculture did not exploit labour. Farming has, however, transformed Australian soils in many places from their natural state. This transformation is viewed as necessary from a resource perspective but damaging from an ecological view. Second, Australian historians of labour and environment do not participate in international debates about whether or how to consider the historical intersection of nature and labour, or, indeed, nature, labour, and capitalism. The reasons for this are historical and methodological. The environment-labour divide among historians is relevant as global environmental and social crises motivate the search for new sources and relational methods to historicise these connected crises.
4
Clark, Anna. "Unfinished Business:." Public History Review 28 (June 22, 2021): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v28i0.7753.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding History’s history requires reading and analysing the texts it has produced across time, and the diverse historians who made them. In settler-colonial societies like Australia, understanding the power and process of that curation is especially urgent. This discussion briefly explores aspects of the recent ‘statue wars’ in Australian history and argues that the one constant across these many understandings of Australia over time, is this: History curates the past.
5
Shaw, Emma. "“Who We Are, and Why We Do It”: A Demographic Overview and the Cited Motivations of Australia’s Family Historians." Journal of Family History 45, no. 1 (October 9, 2019): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363199019880238.
Full textAbstract:
The multibillion-dollar family history industry is booming in popularity as millions of people around the world are seeking to connect with their ancestral pasts. This article presents some of the findings of a recent Australian study that explored the research practices and historical thinking of family historians. The data presented and discussed here are drawn from 1,406 survey responses and present a demographic and social overview of the survey respondents. It categorizes the cited motivations of family historians in Australia for commencing their familial research, which are much more intrinsic and personal than other studies in this field suggest.
6
Curran, James. "Beyond the Euphoria: Lyndon Johnson in Australia and the Politics of the Cold War Alliance." Journal of Cold War Studies 17, no. 1 (January 2015): 64–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00531.
Full textAbstract:
This article asks new questions about the U.S.-Australian alliance at the height of the Cold War. Looking at Lyndon B. Johnson's visit to Australia in October 1966—the first time a serving U.S. president had set foot in the country—the article contends that Johnson's presence brought Australian and U.S. approaches to the Cold War into sharp relief, shedding new light on the policies of both countries, especially as they grappled with the ongoing conflict in Vietnam. Although many Australian historians have claimed that this inaugural visit by a U.S. president exposed the alliance between the two countries as that of an imperial power and a colony, a closer look at reactions to the visit reveals a much more complex picture. The article challenges the widely held assumption that Johnson's trip put the final ceremonial gloss on Australia's exit from the bonds of the British Empire and heralded its entry into a U.S.-dominated global order.
7
Neilson, Briony. "“Moral Rubbish in Close Proximity”: Penal Colonization and Strategies of Distance in Australia and New Caledonia, c.1853–1897." International Review of Social History 64, no. 3 (July 10, 2019): 445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000361.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century, the two convict-built European settler colonial projects in Oceania, French New Caledonia and British Australia, were geographically close yet ideologically distant. Observers in the Australian colonies regularly characterized French colonization as backward, inhumane, and uncivilized, often pointing to the penal colony in New Caledonia as evidence. Conversely, French commentators, while acknowledging that Britain's transportation of convicts to Australia had inspired their own penal colonial designs in the South Pacific, insisted that theirs was a significantly different venture, built on modern, carefully preconceived methods. Thus, both sides engaged in an active practice of denying comparability; a practice that historians, in neglecting the interconnections that existed between Australia and New Caledonia, have effectively perpetuated. This article draws attention to some of the strategies of spatial and temporal distance deployed by the Australian colonies in relation to the bagne in New Caledonia and examines the nation-building ends that these strategies served. It outlines the basic context and contours of the policy of convict transportation for the British and the French and analyses discursive attempts to emphasize the distinctions between Australia and New Caledonia. Particular focus is placed on the moral panic in Australian newspapers about the alleged dangerous proximity of New Caledonia to the east coast of Australia. I argue that this moral panic arose at a time when Britain's colonies in Australia, in the process of being granted autonomy and not yet unified as a federated nation, sought recognition as reputable settlements of morally virtuous populations. The panic simultaneously emphasized the New Caledonian penal colony's geographical closeness to and ideological distance from Australia, thereby enabling Australia's own penal history to be safely quarantined in the past.
8
Stanley, Timothy. "Religious Print in Settler Australia and Oceania." Religions 12, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12121048.
Full textAbstract:
A distinctive feature of the study of religion in Australia and Oceania concerns the influence of European culture. While often associated with private interiority, the European concept of religion was deeply reliant upon the materiality of printed publication practices. Prominent historians of religion have called for a more detailed evaluation of the impact of religious book forms, but little research has explored this aspect of the Australian case. Settler publications include their early Bible importation, pocket English language hymns and psalters, and Indigenous language Bible translations. As elsewhere in Europe, Australian settlers relied on print to publicize their understanding of religion in their new context. Recovering this legacy not only enriches the cultural history of Australian settler religion, it can also foster new avenues through which to appreciate Australia’s multireligious and Indigenous heritage.
9
Boon, Paul I. "The environmental history of Australian rivers: a neglected field of opportunity?" Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf18372.
Full textAbstract:
Historical ecology documents environmental change with scientific precepts, commonly by using statistical analyses of numerical data to test specific hypotheses. It is usually undertaken by ecologists. An alternative approach to understanding the natural world, undertaken instead by historians, geographers, sociologists, resource economists or literary critics, is environmental history. It attempts to explain in cultural terms why and how environmental change takes place. This essay outlines 10 case studies that show how rivers have affected perceptions and attitudes of the Australian community over the past 200+ years. They examine the influence at two contrasting scales, namely, the collective and the personal, by investigating the role that rivers had in the colonisation of Australia by the British in 1788, the establishment of capital cities, perceptions of and attitudes to the environment informed by explorers’ accounts of their journeys through inland Australia, the push for closer settlement by harnessing the country’s rivers for navigation and irrigation, anxiety about defence and national security, and the solastalgia occasioned by chronic environmental degradation. Historical ecology and environmental history are complementary intellectual approaches, and increased collaboration across the two disciplines should yield many benefits to historians, to ecologists, and to the conservation of Australian rivers more widely.
10
Carment, David. "'for their own purpose of identity': Tom Stannage and Australian Local History." Public History Review 20 (December 31, 2013): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/phrj.v20i0.3478.
Full textAbstract:
Tom Stannage made a significant contribution to Australian local history and regularly returned to it throughout his career, frequently speaking and writing about the local past and collaborating with the community organisations that promoted it. In the context of Stannage's perspectives, the work of some other historians and the author's experiences, this article briefly reflects on the state of local history in Australia and the role of local historical societies. The focus is on New South Wales and the Northern Territory, the parts of Australia that the author knows best, but some attention is also given to the rest of the country. The article considers why the work of local historians and historical societies matters in understanding the bigger picture of Australian history. The various attempts to tell the stories of individual communities quite frequently by and for local residents themselves encourage speculation on their contributions to the broader process of historical inquiry. Local history is, as Stannnage strongly believed it ought to be, usually a democratic phenomenon and one that allows a diverse range of approaches. The historical societies that survive and develop do so because they are solidly based in their communities. Perhaps even more crucial, the data of the past that local historical societies have often unearthed and recorded help allow Australians to shape what Stannage so aptly described as a 'history for their own purposes of identity'.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Historians Australia"
1
Moran, Anthony F. "Imagining the Australian nation settler- nationalism and Aboriginality /." Click here for electronic access to document, 1999. http://dtl.unimelb.edu.au/R/U1L2H28HB18MC24L4CL743PII8DUPUQSDYN9NGAGLBXL8YA8BU-00451?func=results-jump-full&set_entry=000013.
Full text
2
Silvano, Renato Azevedo Matias. "Etnoecologia e historia natural de peixes no atlantico (Ilha dos Buzios, Brasil) e pacifico (Moreton Bay, Australia)." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315749.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador : Alpina BegossiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-29T02:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvano_RenatoAzevedoMatias_D.pdf: 13275303 bytes, checksum: 7b8231bd1889cb9f145b39c95cde9e06 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001
Resumo: Pescadores artesanais geralmente exibem um conhecimento detalhado sobre a ecologia e o comportamento dos peixes. Estudos abordando a etnoecologia de peixes são relativamente escassos, especialmente os que comparam dados sobre mais de um país ou região. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: verificar o conhecimento etnoecológico de pescadores artesanais costeiros sobre espécies de peixes, com estudos de caso no Brasil e na Austrália e analisar as informações fornecidas pelos pescadores com base na literatura e pesquisa de campo abordando ecologia e história natural dos peixes. Na Ilha de Búzios (litoral Sudeste do Brasil), foram realizadas pesquisas enfocando tanto etnoictiologia como a história natural dos peixes. Segundo os estudos sobre comportamento alimentar dos peixes, o xaréu (Caranx latus, Carangidae) segue o bodião (Bodianus rufus, Labridae) durante o forrageio, consumindo peixes bentônicos que este último afugenta do substrato. A pirajica (Kyphosus incisor, Kyphosidae) apresenta uma variação tanto na dieta como no comportamento de forrageio, aparentemente relacionada ao tamanho: peixes menores consomem algas e crustáceos planctônicos, enquanto peixes maiores alimentam-se predominantemente de algas. Foram analisados o comportamento alimentar de dois pares de espécies de peixes simpátricas da Fanulia Pomacentridae, sendo um par da Ilha de Búzios (Oceano Atlântico), Abudefduf saxatilis e Stegastes fuscus, e um par de Heron Island (Grande Barreira de Corais, Austrália, Oceano Pacífico), A. whitleyi e S. apicalis. O comportamento exibido pelas espécies do mesmo gênero foi semelhante para os dois locais. Em cada local, as espécies de cada par diferiram quanto ao hábitat e L
Abstract: Artisanal fishers show a detailed knowledge about fish ecology and behavior. Studies addressing the ethnoecology of fishes are relatively scarce, especially those comparing data from distinct regions or countries. The aiIDS of this study were: to access the local ecological knowledge mantained by coastal marine artisanal fishers about fish species, through case studies in Brazil and Australia; to analize the information provided by fishers using literature and field research about fish natural history and ecology. I studied both the ethnoichtyology and natural history of fishes at Búzios Island (southeastem Brazilian coast). According to the studies about fish feeding behavior, the jack (Caranx latus, Carangidae) follows the wrasse (Bodianus rufus, Labridae) while foraging. The former fish species preys on benthonic fish that the second drive away trom the substrate. The drummer (Kyphosus incisor, Kyphosidae) shows a size-related variation, both in diet and feeding behavior: smaller fishes eat algae and planktonic crustaceans, while larger fishes eat mostly algae. I compared the feeding behavior of two sympatric fish species pairs belonging to the Family Pomacentridae, one pair from Búzios Island (Atlantic Ocean) Abudefduf saxatilis and Stegastes fuscus, and other one from Heron Island (Australian Great Barrier Reet, Pacific Ocean), A. whitleyi and S. apicalis. The behavior of species from the saroe genus was similar for both places. In each study site I observed differences regarding hábitat use and feeding behavior of sympatric species. Abudefduf fishes forage mainly at the water column, while Stegastes fishes feed over the rocky substrate, defending feeding territories and attacking other fishes. I verified the fishers knowledge through interviews, using questionnaires and fish photographs. At Búzios Island, interviews addressed aspects of the fishery, ecology and behavior of ten fish species, including species from distinct taxonomic and ecological groups. Búzios Island fishermen show a detailed knowledge regarding fish behavior and ecology. Such local ecological knowledge influences the fishing pratices, being in concordance with the observations derived from the ichthyologicalliterature and field research. I conducted an ethnoichthyological study among aboriginal fishers from the North Stradbroke Island, at the Australian coast, using the same methodology from the Brazilian study and addressing the fishery and natural history of the enchova! tailor (Pomatomus sa/tatrix, Pomatomidae), an important fish species to both Brazilian and Australian artisanal fishers. The information provided from Brazilian and Australian fishers about this fish species showed similarities and differences. The differences concem the hábitat and the reproduction of P. sa/tatrix. These may reflect the environmental conditions at the two places, as well as inter populational variations of this species reproduction period. The observed similarities regarding the diet and migratory behavior of P. saltatrix suggest the occurrence of global pattems refering to these aspects of P. saltatrix biology. Such pattems agree with observations from the ichthyologicalliterature. The results of this study show a potential utility of the fishers local ecological knowledge to subsidize fishery management plans and to increase the scientific knowledge about tropical marine fish species
Doutorado
Doutor em Ecologia
3
au, S. Beatty@murdoch edu, and Stephen Beatty. "Translocations of freshwater crayfish: contributions from life histories, trophic relations and diseases of three species in Western Australia." Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050718.152608.
Full textAbstract:
By examining Western Australian freshwater crayfishes, this thesis aims to further our understanding of how life-history strategies, trophic relationships and disease introductions contribute to the threats posed by introduced species. Reproductive and population biology of two species of freshwater crayfish endemic to Western Australia (the marron Cherax cainii and gilgie Cherax quinquecarinatus) and the introduced yabbie Cherax destructor were described. Multiple stable isotope analysis was employed to determine the trophic positions of sympatric populations of C. cainii and the invading. A serious microsporidian disease of freshwater crayfishes was also discovered in a wild population of C. destructor. These data were used to determine the potential threat that C. destructor poses to the endemic crayfishes of Western Australia.
Cherax cainii supports an iconic recreational fishery that has been in steady decline for three decades. It is likely that considerable plasticity in the biology of C. cainii exists amongst the ca 100 populations and that this may result in the current fishery management regulations being not effective in protecting all stocks. To test these hypotheses, the biology of C. cainii were described from populations occurring in an impoundment dam (Lake Navarino) at the approximate centre of its current range and in the Hutt River at the northernmost point of its range and compared with those from a previous study near the southernmost point of its distribution. The study confirmed these hypotheses. For example, the onset of spawning was later in the more southerly Lake Navarino population (August) than in the northerly Hutt River population (July). Furthermore, the respective orbital carapace lengths (OCL) at which C. cainii reached maturity in the two populations studied here differed markedly. The lengths at which 50% of female and male C. cainii matured in Lake Navarino were 32.1 mm and 28.6 mm OCL for females and males, respectively, compared with 70 mm and 40 mm OCL for females and males in the Hutt River, respectively. Therefore, these data clearly demonstrate that the current minimum legal size limit of 76 mm CL (~55 mm OCL) is ineffective in allowing females to undertake a spawning event prior to legal capture. It is therefore recommended that the minimum legal size limit be increased to 98 mm CL in the Hutt River to allow 50% of females to reach maturity prior to exploitation. Furthermore, as the spawning rate of mature female C. cainii in the Hutt River was low (10%) compared with those mature females in the more southerly Lake Navarino (96%), this increase in minimum legal size of capture is of particular importance should fisheries managers wish this translocated population to be exploited sustainably.
It is proposed that the much larger lengths at first maturity and low spawning rate in the Hutt River were due to faster growth rates likely caused by relatively high water temperatures and in response to competition with the sympatric, introduced crayfish, C. destructor, respectively. This highlights the plasticity of the biology of C. cainii and has considerable implications for effective management of the size-regulated recreational fishery.
Cherax quinquecarinatus, a south-western Western Australian endemic: occupies a broad range of aquatic systems, is likely to be an important component to those aquatic food webs, and is also subject to recreational fishing pressure. Cherax quinquecarinatus was found to mature at a relatively small size (cf C. cainii) with the L50s for females and males being 18.8 and 24.5 mm OCL, respectively, with the majority of C. quinquecarinatus first spawning at the end of their second year of life. The potential (ovarian) and pleopodal fecundities of C. quinquecarinatus were relatively low compared to other freshwater crayfishes, being 81.7 (b5.93 s.e.) and 77.1 (b13.76 s.e.), respectively. Cherax quinquecarinatus underwent an extended spawning period, from late winter to late summer (i.e. August to February). Three spawning events were facilitated by short brood and rapid gonadal recovery periods, traits consistent with other crayfish species able to exist in temporary environments.
The seasonal von Bertalanffy growth curve, fitted for the first 14 months of life for female and male C. quinquecarinatus, had respective K and OCLVs of 0.29 and 59.6 mm OCL for females, and 0.25 and 73.8 mm OCL for males, respectively. At 12 months of age, the OCLs of females and males were 14.7 and 14.1 mm, respectively. Estimates of total mortality (Z) were relatively high at 2.34 and 1.95 year-1 based on an age-converted catch curves for females and males, respectively, with a considerable proportion of this attributed to fishing mortality (exploitation rates of 0.76 and 0.75 for females and males, respectively). Cherax quinquecarinatus exhibited traits of both an r- and a K-strategist, which has likely to have aided the success of this species across a wide range of permanent and temporary systems.
During this study, C. destructor was found in many wild aquatic systems in the southern Pilbara and Southwest Coast Drainage Divisions of Western Australia. This is of great concern as all native freshwater crayfishes in Western Australia are restricted to the southwest while the aquatic systems of the Pilbara Division do not naturally house freshwater crayfish.
Despite the reported impacts that invasive freshwater crayfish species may have on native crayfish species and food webs, the biology and ecology of C. destructor in wild systems in Western Australia was unknown and therefore an assessment of their potential impact has not previously been possible. Cherax destructor was collected monthly from the Hutt River (Pilbara Drainage Division) for determination of life-history and reproductive biology in a wild aquatic system in Western Australia. Proliferation in that system was attributed to specific traits including: a small size at first maturity with 50% (L50) of females and males maturing at 21.6 and 26.5 mm OCL, respectively, a size attained at the end of their first year of life; a protracted spawning period (July to January); high mean ovarian fecundity of 210.2 (b9.24 s.e.); and a rapid growth rate that was comparable to the larger sympatric C. cainii in this system. Life-history characteristics of C. destructor in the Hutt River were typical of many other invasive crayfish species and were likely to have aided in its establishment.
This study is the first to examine the diet and trophic position of sympatric populations of two species of freshwater crayfish in Australia. By determining temporal changes in the assimilated diet and trophic positions of sympatric populations of C. destructor and C. cainii, this study tested the hypothesis that C. destructor has the potential to compete with C. cainii for food resources. This was tested using multiple stable isotope analyses with samples of C. cainii, C. destructor and a wide variety of their potential food sources analysed in the Hutt River in summer and winter, 2003. Summer samples indicated that these species occupied similar predatory trophic positions when their assimilated diet consisted of a large proportion of Gambusia holbrooki (either when the fish were alive or deceased due to a presumably large natural mortality rate). Although C. cainii continued to assimilate animal matter based on winter signatures, those of C. destructor appeared to shift towards more of herbivorous trophic position. It appeared that C. destructor and C. cainii were keystone species in the Hutt River and were likely to be important in the cycling of nutrients and in structuring the aquatic food web that may have been considerably altered by their introduction into this system.
As C. destructor has the ability to switch trophic positions, when an otherwise abundant, high protein food sources (i.e. fish) becomes limited (as was the case in winter in the Hutt River), it was able to co-exist with C. cainii. Furthermore, the ability of C. destructor to switch from a diet of fish in summer to a predominantly herbivorous/detrital diet in winter suggests that it may compete for food resources with the other smaller native freshwater crayfishes (such as C. quinquecarinatus) in the small, unproductive lotic and lentic systems common to south-western Australia, which often lack fish during summer.
The recently described Thelohania parastaci was identified in C. destructor in the Hutt River and Vavraia parastacida, previously recorded from C. cainii and C. quinquecarinatus populations elsewhere in the region, appeared to be infecting C. cainii. Although not confirmed to have infected C. cainii, the presence of T. parastaci in the sympatric C. destructor is of serious concern as there is the potential that the disease may be able to be transmitted to the native congeners of the region, particularly as C. destructor establishes itself in other natural waterbodies.
This thesis has addressed major gaps in the understanding of the biology, ecology and threats to the unique freshwater crayfish fauna of Western Australia. The results of this research highlight the plasticity of the biology and ecology of freshwater crayfishes and enabled an initial assessment to be made of the potential ecological impacts of an invading species. Considerable implications for fisheries and other natural resource management agencies ensuing from this research are detailed. The conclusions drawn from this study are also discussed in the broader context of invasive species in general and important future investigations stemming from these results are identified.
4
Beatty, Stephen John. "Translocations of freshwater crayfish : contributions from life histories, trophic relations and diseases of three species in Western Australia /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses project, 2005. https://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050718.152608.
Full text
5
Beatty, Stephen. "Translocations of freshwater crayfish: contributions from life histories, trophic relations and diseases of three species in Western Australia." Thesis, Beatty, Stephen ORCID: 0000-0003-2620-2826 (2005) Translocations of freshwater crayfish: contributions from life histories, trophic relations and diseases of three species in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/269/.
Full textAbstract:
By examining Western Australian freshwater crayfishes, this thesis aims to further our understanding of how life-history strategies, trophic relationships and disease introductions contribute to the threats posed by introduced species. Reproductive and population biology of two species of freshwater crayfish endemic to Western Australia (the marron Cherax cainii and gilgie Cherax quinquecarinatus) and the introduced yabbie Cherax destructor were described. Multiple stable isotope analysis was employed to determine the trophic positions of sympatric populations of C. cainii and the invading. A serious microsporidian disease of freshwater crayfishes was also discovered in a wild population of C. destructor. These data were used to determine the potential threat that C. destructor poses to the endemic crayfishes of Western Australia.
Cherax cainii supports an iconic recreational fishery that has been in steady decline for three decades. It is likely that considerable plasticity in the biology of C. cainii exists amongst the ca 100 populations and that this may result in the current fishery management regulations being not effective in protecting all stocks. To test these hypotheses, the biology of C. cainii were described from populations occurring in an impoundment dam (Lake Navarino) at the approximate centre of its current range and in the Hutt River at the northernmost point of its range and compared with those from a previous study near the southernmost point of its distribution. The study confirmed these hypotheses. For example, the onset of spawning was later in the more southerly Lake Navarino population (August) than in the northerly Hutt River population (July). Furthermore, the respective orbital carapace lengths (OCL) at which C. cainii reached maturity in the two populations studied here differed markedly. The lengths at which 50% of female and male C. cainii matured in Lake Navarino were 32.1 mm and 28.6 mm OCL for females and males, respectively, compared with 70 mm and 40 mm OCL for females and males in the Hutt River, respectively. Therefore, these data clearly demonstrate that the current minimum legal size limit of 76 mm CL (~55 mm OCL) is ineffective in allowing females to undertake a spawning event prior to legal capture. It is therefore recommended that the minimum legal size limit be increased to 98 mm CL in the Hutt River to allow 50% of females to reach maturity prior to exploitation. Furthermore, as the spawning rate of mature female C. cainii in the Hutt River was low (10%) compared with those mature females in the more southerly Lake Navarino (96%), this increase in minimum legal size of capture is of particular importance should fisheries managers wish this translocated population to be exploited sustainably.
It is proposed that the much larger lengths at first maturity and low spawning rate in the Hutt River were due to faster growth rates likely caused by relatively high water temperatures and in response to competition with the sympatric, introduced crayfish, C. destructor, respectively. This highlights the plasticity of the biology of C. cainii and has considerable implications for effective management of the size-regulated recreational fishery.
Cherax quinquecarinatus, a south-western Western Australian endemic: occupies a broad range of aquatic systems, is likely to be an important component to those aquatic food webs, and is also subject to recreational fishing pressure. Cherax quinquecarinatus was found to mature at a relatively small size (cf C. cainii) with the L50s for females and males being 18.8 and 24.5 mm OCL, respectively, with the majority of C. quinquecarinatus first spawning at the end of their second year of life. The potential (ovarian) and pleopodal fecundities of C. quinquecarinatus were relatively low compared to other freshwater crayfishes, being 81.7 (plus-minus 5.93 s.e.) and 77.1 (plus-minus 13.76 s.e.), respectively. Cherax quinquecarinatus underwent an extended spawning period, from late winter to late summer (i.e. August to February). Three spawning events were facilitated by short brood and rapid gonadal recovery periods, traits consistent with other crayfish species able to exist in temporary environments.
The seasonal von Bertalanffy growth curve, fitted for the first 14 months of life for female and male C. quinquecarinatus, had respective K and OCLs of 0.29 and 59.6 mm OCL for females, and 0.25 and 73.8 mm OCL for males, respectively. At 12 months of age, the OCLs of females and males were 14.7 and 14.1 mm, respectively. Estimates of total mortality (Z) were relatively high at 2.34 and 1.95 year-1 based on an age-converted catch curves for females and males, respectively, with a considerable proportion of this attributed to fishing mortality (exploitation rates of 0.76 and 0.75 for females and males, respectively). Cherax quinquecarinatus exhibited traits of both an r- and a K-strategist, which has likely to have aided the success of this species across a wide range of permanent and temporary systems.
During this study, C. destructor was found in many wild aquatic systems in the southern Pilbara and Southwest Coast Drainage Divisions of Western Australia. This is of great concern as all native freshwater crayfishes in Western Australia are restricted to the southwest while the aquatic systems of the Pilbara Division do not naturally house freshwater crayfish.
Despite the reported impacts that invasive freshwater crayfish species may have on native crayfish species and food webs, the biology and ecology of C. destructor in wild systems in Western Australia was unknown and therefore an assessment of their potential impact has not previously been possible. Cherax destructor was collected monthly from the Hutt River (Pilbara Drainage Division) for determination of life-history and reproductive biology in a wild aquatic system in Western Australia. Proliferation in that system was attributed to specific traits including: a small size at first maturity with 50% (L50) of females and males maturing at 21.6 and 26.5 mm OCL, respectively, a size attained at the end of their first year of life; a protracted spawning period (July to January); high mean ovarian fecundity of 210.2 (plus-minus 9.24 s.e.); and a rapid growth rate that was comparable to the larger sympatric C. cainii in this system. Life-history characteristics of C. destructor in the Hutt River were typical of many other invasive crayfish species and were likely to have aided in its establishment.
This study is the first to examine the diet and trophic position of sympatric populations of two species of freshwater crayfish in Australia. By determining temporal changes in the assimilated diet and trophic positions of sympatric populations of C. destructor and C. cainii, this study tested the hypothesis that C. destructor has the potential to compete with C. cainii for food resources. This was tested using multiple stable isotope analyses with samples of C. cainii, C. destructor and a wide variety of their potential food sources analysed in the Hutt River in summer and winter, 2003. Summer samples indicated that these species occupied similar predatory trophic positions when their assimilated diet consisted of a large proportion of Gambusia holbrooki (either when the fish were alive or deceased due to a presumably large natural mortality rate). Although C. cainii continued to assimilate animal matter based on winter signatures, those of C. destructor appeared to shift towards more of herbivorous trophic position. It appeared that C. destructor and C. cainii were keystone species in the Hutt River and were likely to be important in the cycling of nutrients and in structuring the aquatic food web that may have been considerably altered by their introduction into this system.
As C. destructor has the ability to switch trophic positions, when an otherwise abundant, high protein food sources (i.e. fish) becomes limited (as was the case in winter in the Hutt River), it was able to co-exist with C. cainii. Furthermore, the ability of C. destructor to switch from a diet of fish in summer to a predominantly herbivorous/detrital diet in winter suggests that it may compete for food resources with the other smaller native freshwater crayfishes (such as C. quinquecarinatus) in the small, unproductive lotic and lentic systems common to south-western Australia, which often lack fish during summer.
The recently described Thelohania parastaci was identified in C. destructor in the Hutt River and Vavraia parastacida, previously recorded from C. cainii and C. quinquecarinatus populations elsewhere in the region, appeared to be infecting C. cainii. Although not confirmed to have infected C. cainii, the presence of T. parastaci in the sympatric C. destructor is of serious concern as there is the potential that the disease may be able to be transmitted to the native congeners of the region, particularly as C. destructor establishes itself in other natural waterbodies.
This thesis has addressed major gaps in the understanding of the biology, ecology and threats to the unique freshwater crayfish fauna of Western Australia. The results of this research highlight the plasticity of the biology and ecology of freshwater crayfishes and enabled an initial assessment to be made of the potential ecological impacts of an invading species. Considerable implications for fisheries and other natural resource management agencies ensuing from this research are detailed. The conclusions drawn from this study are also discussed in the broader context of invasive species in general and important future investigations stemming from these results are identified.
6
Beatty, Stephen. "Translocations of freshwater crayfish: contributions from life histories, trophic relations and diseases of three species in Western Australia." Beatty, Stephen (2005) Translocations of freshwater crayfish: contributions from life histories, trophic relations and diseases of three species in Western Australia. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/269/.
Full textAbstract:
By examining Western Australian freshwater crayfishes, this thesis aims to further our understanding of how life-history strategies, trophic relationships and disease introductions contribute to the threats posed by introduced species. Reproductive and population biology of two species of freshwater crayfish endemic to Western Australia (the marron Cherax cainii and gilgie Cherax quinquecarinatus) and the introduced yabbie Cherax destructor were described. Multiple stable isotope analysis was employed to determine the trophic positions of sympatric populations of C. cainii and the invading. A serious microsporidian disease of freshwater crayfishes was also discovered in a wild population of C. destructor. These data were used to determine the potential threat that C. destructor poses to the endemic crayfishes of Western Australia.
Cherax cainii supports an iconic recreational fishery that has been in steady decline for three decades. It is likely that considerable plasticity in the biology of C. cainii exists amongst the ca 100 populations and that this may result in the current fishery management regulations being not effective in protecting all stocks. To test these hypotheses, the biology of C. cainii were described from populations occurring in an impoundment dam (Lake Navarino) at the approximate centre of its current range and in the Hutt River at the northernmost point of its range and compared with those from a previous study near the southernmost point of its distribution. The study confirmed these hypotheses. For example, the onset of spawning was later in the more southerly Lake Navarino population (August) than in the northerly Hutt River population (July). Furthermore, the respective orbital carapace lengths (OCL) at which C. cainii reached maturity in the two populations studied here differed markedly. The lengths at which 50% of female and male C. cainii matured in Lake Navarino were 32.1 mm and 28.6 mm OCL for females and males, respectively, compared with 70 mm and 40 mm OCL for females and males in the Hutt River, respectively. Therefore, these data clearly demonstrate that the current minimum legal size limit of 76 mm CL (~55 mm OCL) is ineffective in allowing females to undertake a spawning event prior to legal capture. It is therefore recommended that the minimum legal size limit be increased to 98 mm CL in the Hutt River to allow 50% of females to reach maturity prior to exploitation. Furthermore, as the spawning rate of mature female C. cainii in the Hutt River was low (10%) compared with those mature females in the more southerly Lake Navarino (96%), this increase in minimum legal size of capture is of particular importance should fisheries managers wish this translocated population to be exploited sustainably.
It is proposed that the much larger lengths at first maturity and low spawning rate in the Hutt River were due to faster growth rates likely caused by relatively high water temperatures and in response to competition with the sympatric, introduced crayfish, C. destructor, respectively. This highlights the plasticity of the biology of C. cainii and has considerable implications for effective management of the size-regulated recreational fishery.
Cherax quinquecarinatus, a south-western Western Australian endemic: occupies a broad range of aquatic systems, is likely to be an important component to those aquatic food webs, and is also subject to recreational fishing pressure. Cherax quinquecarinatus was found to mature at a relatively small size (cf C. cainii) with the L50s for females and males being 18.8 and 24.5 mm OCL, respectively, with the majority of C. quinquecarinatus first spawning at the end of their second year of life. The potential (ovarian) and pleopodal fecundities of C. quinquecarinatus were relatively low compared to other freshwater crayfishes, being 81.7 (plus-minus 5.93 s.e.) and 77.1 (plus-minus 13.76 s.e.), respectively. Cherax quinquecarinatus underwent an extended spawning period, from late winter to late summer (i.e. August to February). Three spawning events were facilitated by short brood and rapid gonadal recovery periods, traits consistent with other crayfish species able to exist in temporary environments.
The seasonal von Bertalanffy growth curve, fitted for the first 14 months of life for female and male C. quinquecarinatus, had respective K and OCLs of 0.29 and 59.6 mm OCL for females, and 0.25 and 73.8 mm OCL for males, respectively. At 12 months of age, the OCLs of females and males were 14.7 and 14.1 mm, respectively. Estimates of total mortality (Z) were relatively high at 2.34 and 1.95 year-1 based on an age-converted catch curves for females and males, respectively, with a considerable proportion of this attributed to fishing mortality (exploitation rates of 0.76 and 0.75 for females and males, respectively). Cherax quinquecarinatus exhibited traits of both an r- and a K-strategist, which has likely to have aided the success of this species across a wide range of permanent and temporary systems.
During this study, C. destructor was found in many wild aquatic systems in the southern Pilbara and Southwest Coast Drainage Divisions of Western Australia. This is of great concern as all native freshwater crayfishes in Western Australia are restricted to the southwest while the aquatic systems of the Pilbara Division do not naturally house freshwater crayfish.
Despite the reported impacts that invasive freshwater crayfish species may have on native crayfish species and food webs, the biology and ecology of C. destructor in wild systems in Western Australia was unknown and therefore an assessment of their potential impact has not previously been possible. Cherax destructor was collected monthly from the Hutt River (Pilbara Drainage Division) for determination of life-history and reproductive biology in a wild aquatic system in Western Australia. Proliferation in that system was attributed to specific traits including: a small size at first maturity with 50% (L50) of females and males maturing at 21.6 and 26.5 mm OCL, respectively, a size attained at the end of their first year of life; a protracted spawning period (July to January); high mean ovarian fecundity of 210.2 (plus-minus 9.24 s.e.); and a rapid growth rate that was comparable to the larger sympatric C. cainii in this system. Life-history characteristics of C. destructor in the Hutt River were typical of many other invasive crayfish species and were likely to have aided in its establishment.
This study is the first to examine the diet and trophic position of sympatric populations of two species of freshwater crayfish in Australia. By determining temporal changes in the assimilated diet and trophic positions of sympatric populations of C. destructor and C. cainii, this study tested the hypothesis that C. destructor has the potential to compete with C. cainii for food resources. This was tested using multiple stable isotope analyses with samples of C. cainii, C. destructor and a wide variety of their potential food sources analysed in the Hutt River in summer and winter, 2003. Summer samples indicated that these species occupied similar predatory trophic positions when their assimilated diet consisted of a large proportion of Gambusia holbrooki (either when the fish were alive or deceased due to a presumably large natural mortality rate). Although C. cainii continued to assimilate animal matter based on winter signatures, those of C. destructor appeared to shift towards more of herbivorous trophic position. It appeared that C. destructor and C. cainii were keystone species in the Hutt River and were likely to be important in the cycling of nutrients and in structuring the aquatic food web that may have been considerably altered by their introduction into this system.
As C. destructor has the ability to switch trophic positions, when an otherwise abundant, high protein food sources (i.e. fish) becomes limited (as was the case in winter in the Hutt River), it was able to co-exist with C. cainii. Furthermore, the ability of C. destructor to switch from a diet of fish in summer to a predominantly herbivorous/detrital diet in winter suggests that it may compete for food resources with the other smaller native freshwater crayfishes (such as C. quinquecarinatus) in the small, unproductive lotic and lentic systems common to south-western Australia, which often lack fish during summer.
The recently described Thelohania parastaci was identified in C. destructor in the Hutt River and Vavraia parastacida, previously recorded from C. cainii and C. quinquecarinatus populations elsewhere in the region, appeared to be infecting C. cainii. Although not confirmed to have infected C. cainii, the presence of T. parastaci in the sympatric C. destructor is of serious concern as there is the potential that the disease may be able to be transmitted to the native congeners of the region, particularly as C. destructor establishes itself in other natural waterbodies.
This thesis has addressed major gaps in the understanding of the biology, ecology and threats to the unique freshwater crayfish fauna of Western Australia. The results of this research highlight the plasticity of the biology and ecology of freshwater crayfishes and enabled an initial assessment to be made of the potential ecological impacts of an invading species. Considerable implications for fisheries and other natural resource management agencies ensuing from this research are detailed. The conclusions drawn from this study are also discussed in the broader context of invasive species in general and important future investigations stemming from these results are identified.
7
Peet, Jennifer L. "Institutional ethnography of Aboriginal Australian child separation histories : implications of social organising practices in accounting for the past." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16457.
Full textAbstract:
How we come to know about social phenomena is an important sociological question and a central focus of this thesis. How knowledge is organised and produced and becomes part of ruling relations is empirically interrogated through an institutional ethnography. I do this in the context of explicating the construction of a public history concerning Aboriginal Australian child separations over the 20th century, and in particular as it arose in the 1990s as a social problem. Particular attention is given to knowledge construction practices around the Australian National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal Children from Their Families (1996-1997) and the related Bringing Them Home Oral History Project (1998-2002). The once separated children have come to be known as The Stolen Generation(s) in public discourse and have been represented as sharing a common experience as well as reasons for the separations. Against the master narrative of common experience and discussion of the reasons for it, this thesis raises the problematic that knowledge is grounded in particular times and places, and also that many people who are differently related and who have experiences which contain many differences as well as similarities end up being represented as though saying the same thing. Through an institutional ethnography grounded in explicating the social organising activities which produced the Bringing Them Home Oral History Project, I examine how institutional relations coordinate the multiplicity and variability of people’s experiences through a textually-mediated project with a focused concern regarding the knowing subject, ideology, accounts, texts and analytical mapping. Through this I show how ruling relations are implicated in constructing what is known about the Aboriginal child separation histories, and more generally how experience, memory, the telling of a life and the making of public history are embedded in social organising practices.
8
Ruiz, Alquinta Manuel. "Acerca del problema la conectividad en la Zona Austral de Chile: el caso de la Carretera Austral 1976-1996." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/145212.
Full text
9
Shiner, Justin. "Place as occupational histories : an investigation of the deflated surface archaeological record of Pine Point and Langwell Stations, Western New South Wales, Australia /." Oxford : Archaeopress, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41263603m.
Full text
10
Simone, Nicole R. "Teachers perspectives of embedding Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples' histories and cultures in mathematics." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/227459/1/Nicole_Simone_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explored how six teachers of mathematics embedded Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Histories and Cultures into the core mathematics curriculum. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, then written transcripts were analysed through the use of Bernstein’s Theory of Pedagogic Discourse. Teachers shared their perspectives on how they have developed their cultural capabilities, and how this has informed culturally responsive teaching of mathematics. Recommendations are made for how to support in-service teachers with their personal cultural capabilities to authentically embed Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Histories and Cultures in mathematics curriculum.
Books on the topic "Historians Australia"
1
Sheehan, C. G. The Australian joint copying project for family historians. Brisbane: Library Board of Queensland, 1989.
Find full text
2
Macintyre, Stuart. A history for a nation: Ernest Scott and the making of Australian history. Carlton, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1994.
Find full text
3
McQueen, Humphrey. Suspect history. Kent Town, SA: Wakefield Press, 1997.
Find full text
4
Latif, Asad, and Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, eds. Wang Gungwu: Junzi : scholar-gentleman in conversation with Asad-ul Iqbal Latif. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2010.
Find full text
5
Society of Architectural Historians, Australia & New Zealand. Conference. Australian studies in architectural history: Papers from the Fifth Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians, Australia & New Zealand. Belconnen, ACT, Australia: The Society, 1990.
Find full text
6
Frost, Alan. East coast country: A North Queensland dreaming. Carlton South, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 1996.
Find full text
7
Currey, John E. B. David Collins: A colonial life. Carlton South, Vic: Melbourne University Press, 2000.
Find full text
8
Sexton, R. T. Shipping arrivals and departures, South Australia, 1627-1850: A guide for genealogists and maritime historians. Ridgehaven, SA: Gould Books, 1990.
Find full text
9
Wissenschaften, Österreichische Akademie der, and Österreichisches Museum für Angewandte Kunst, eds. Alois Riegl, revisited: Beiträge zu Werk und Rezeption = contributions to the opus and its reception. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2010.
Find full text
10
Harriet, Edquist, and Frichot Hélène, eds. Limits: Proceedings from the 21st Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia & New Zealand, Melbourne 2004. Melbourne, Australia: Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Historians Australia"
1
Tyrrell, Ian. "10. Doing U.S. History in Australia: A Comparative Perspective." In Historians across Borders, edited by Nicolas Barreyre, Michael Heale, Stephen Tuck, and Cecile Vidal, 181–88. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520958050-012.
Full text
2
Hearn, Mark. "Writing the Nation in Australia: Australian Historians and Narrative Myths of Nation." In Writing the Nation, 103–25. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230223059_5.
Full text
3
Fraser, Lyndon. "Both Sides of the Tasman: History, Politics and Migration Between New Zealand and Australia." In History, Historians and the Immigration Debate, 55–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97123-0_4.
Full text
4
Roces, Mina. "Changing Migration Policy from the Margins: Filipino Activism on Behalf of Victims of Domestic Violence in Australia, 1980s–2000." In History, Historians and the Immigration Debate, 71–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97123-0_5.
Full text
5
Thomson, Alistair. "New Wave Fathers? Oral Histories with Australian Fathers from the 1970s to 1990s." In Australian Mothering, 219–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20267-5_10.
Full text
6
Suter, P. J., and J. E. Bishop. "Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of South Australia." In Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology, 189–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2397-3_23.
Full text
7
Christensen, Joseph. "Hazards and history on the Western Australian coast." In Indian Ocean Histories, 175–95. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367334864-10.
Full text
8
New, Tim R. "Insect Life Histories." In ‘In Considerable Variety’: Introducing the Diversity of Australia’s Insects, 23–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1780-0_3.
Full text
9
Gibson, Padraic. "Egon Kisch and Black Australia." In Histories of Fascism and Anti-Fascism in Australia, 61–79. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003120964-4.
Full text
10
Pizzato, Mark. "Medieval Europe and Premodern Africa, Australia, and the Americas." In Mapping Global Theatre Histories, 99–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12727-5_5.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Historians Australia"
1
Marfella, Giorgio. "Seeds of Concrete Progress: Grain Elevators and Technology Transfer between America and Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4000pi5hk.
Full textAbstract:
Modern concrete silos and grain elevators are a persistent source of interest and fascination for architects, industrial archaeologists, painters, photographers, and artists. The legacy of the Australian examples of the early 1900s is appreciated primarily by a popular culture that allocates value to these structures on aesthetic grounds. Several aspects of construction history associated with this early modern form of civil engineering have been less explored. In the 1920s and 1930s, concrete grain elevator stations blossomed along the railway networks of the Australian Wheat Belts, marking with their vertical presence the landscapes of many rural towns in New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia. The Australian reception of this industrial building type of American origin reflects the modern nation-building aspirations of State Governments of the early 1900s. The development of fast-tracked, self-climbing methods for constructing concrete silos, a technology also imported from America, illustrates the critical role of concrete in that effort of nation-building. The rural and urban proliferation of concrete silos in Australia also helped establish a confident local concrete industry that began thriving with automatic systems of movable formwork, mastering and ultimately transferring these construction methods to multi-storey buildings after WWII. Although there is an evident link between grain elevators and the historiographical propaganda of heroic modernism, that nexus should not induce to interpret old concrete silos as a vestige of modern aesthetics. As catalysts of technical and economic development in Australia, Australian wheat silos also bear important significance due to the international technology transfer and local repercussions of their fast-tracked concrete construction methods.
2
Carter, Nanette. "The Sleepout." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3999pm4i5.
Full textAbstract:
Going to bed each night in a sleepout—a converted verandah, balcony or small free-standing structure was, for most of the 20th century, an everyday Australian experience, since homes across the nation whether urban, suburban, or rural, commonly included a space of this kind. The sleepout was a liminal space that was rarely a formal part of a home’s interior, although it was often used as a semi-permanent sleeping quarter. Initially a response to the discomfort experienced during hot weather in 19th century bedrooms and encouraged by the early 20th century enthusiasm for the perceived benefits of sleeping in fresh air, the sleepout became a convenient cover for the inadequate supply of housing in Australian cities and towns and provided a face-saving measure for struggling rural families. Acceptance of this solution to over-crowding was so deep and so widespread that the Commonwealth Government built freestanding sleepouts in the gardens of suburban homes across Australia during the crisis of World War II to house essential war workers. Rather than disappearing at the war’s end, these were sold to homeowners and occupied throughout the acute post-war housing shortage of the 1940s and 1950s, then used into the 1970s as a space for children to play and teenagers to gain some privacy. This paper explores this common feature of Australian 20th century homes, a regional tradition which has not, until recently, been the subject of academic study. Exploring the attitudes, values and policies that led to the sleepout’s introduction, proliferation and disappearance, it explains that despite its ubiquity in the first three-quarters of the 20th century, the sleepout slipped from Australia’s national consciousness during a relatively brief period of housing surplus beginning in the 1970s. As the supply of affordable housing has declined in the 21st century, the free-standing sleepout or studio has re-emerged, housing teenagers of low-income families.
3
Saniga, Andrew, and Andrew Wilson. "Barbara van den Broek. Contributions to the Disciplines of Landscape Architecture, Town Planning and Architecture." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4024pu9ad.
Full textAbstract:
Barbara van den Broek (1932-2001) trained as an architect in Auckland, New Zealand before moving to Brisbane with her husband and fellow architect Joop, where they established an architectural practice. van den Broek went on to run an office as a sole practitioner and took on architecture and landscape architecture projects. Over the course of her career she completed post-graduate diplomas in Town and Country Planning, Landscape Architecture and Education, and a Master of Science – Environmental Studies, and collaborated on a number of key projects in Queensland and Papua New Guinea (PNG). Our paper will build an account of her career. In assessing the significance of her contribution to landscape architecture, planning and architecture in Australasia, it will bring a number of other spheres into the frame: conservation and Australia’s environment movement; landscape design and the bush garden; and van den Broek’s personal development that included artistic expression, single parenthood, teaching, and the navigation of male-dominated professional environments to develop a practice that contributed to town planning projects in cities across Australia, and made significant contributions to landscape projects in Queensland and PNG.
4
Stevens, Quentin. "A Brief History of the Short-Term Parklet in Australia." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4018pognw.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the history within Australia of the ‘parklet’, a small architecturally-framed open space installed temporarily on an on-street car-parking space. The paper traces parklets’ varied and evolving forms, materials, production processes and functions. It examines how parklets have adapted to rapidly-changing social needs and priorities for economic activity, health, safety, socialising and on-street parking, and changes in street function. The contemporary parklet began in 2005 as a localised, grassroots activity to temporarily reclaim street space for public leisure, as part of the wider movement of ‘tactical urbanism’. Parklets rapidly became a worldwide phenomenon. Starting in 2008, parklets were absorbed into institutional urban planning practice, as a strategic tool to enhance community engagement, test possibilities, and win support for longer-term spatial transformations. From 2012, commercial parklet programs were developed in Australian cities to encourage local businesses to expand into street parking spaces, to calm traffic and enhance pedestrian amenity. A new generation of commercial ‘café parklets’ has emerged during the COVID-19 pandemic, facilitated by local governments, to support the heavily-impacted hospitality industry. Their design and construction show ongoing innovation, increasing scale and professionalism, but also standardisation. This paper draws on diverse Australian parklet examples to chart the emergence of varying approaches to their design and construction, which draw upon different materials, skills, local government strategies and international precedents. The findings also illustrate several convergences in the evolution of parklet design across different Australian cities, due to strong similarities in the spatial contexts, needs, risk factors, and technologies that have defined this practice.
5
Burns, Karen, and Harriet Edquist. "Women, Media, Design, and Material Culture in Australia, 1870-1920." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4017pbe75.
Full textAbstract:
Over the last forty years feminist historians have commented on the under-representation or marginalisation of women thinkers and makers in design, craft, and material culture. (Kirkham and Attfield, 1989; Attfield, 2000; Howard, 2000: Buckley, 1986; Buckley, 2020:). In response particular strategies have been developed to write women back into history. These methods expand the sites, objects and voices engaged in thinking about making and the space of the everyday world. The problem, however, is even more acute in Australia where we lack secondary histories of many design disciplines. With the notable exception of Julie Willis and Bronwyn Hanna (2001) or Burns and Edquist (1988) we have very few overview histories. This paper will examine women’s contribution to design thinking and making in Australia as a form of cultural history. It will explore the methods and challenges in developing a chronological and thematic history of women’s design making practice and design thinking in Australia from 1870 – 1920 where the subjects are not only designers but also journalists, novelists, exhibiters, and correspondents. We are interested in using media (exhibitions and print culture) as a prism: to examine how and where women spoke to design and making, what topics they addressed, and the ideas they formed to articulate the nexus between women, making and place.
6
Gelder, John. "WW2 and Its Aftermath: Impact on the Architectural Palette." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3988p6sld.
Full textAbstract:
How were construction materials and products used in Australia, and especially South Australia, during the Second World War through to around 1965? Broadly, the emphasis was on military applications during the war and on consolidation and normalization, rather than innovation and development, in the post-war decade. The architectural palette was severely constrained, though early Modernist architects rose to the challenge. Materials innovation and development in Australia did not fully restart until after 1955. The evidence for these assertions draws from a consideration of a broad range of materials – renewables, earths, metals and synthetics.
7
Lewi, Hanna, and Cameron Logan. "Campus Crisis: Materiality and the Institutional Identity of Australia’s Universities." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4019p8ixw.
Full textAbstract:
In the current century the extreme or ‘ultra’ position on the university campus has been to argue for its dissolution or abolition. University leaders and campus planners in Australia have mostly been unmoved by that position and ploughed on with expansive capital works campaigns and ambitious reformulations of existing campuses. The pandemic, however, provided ideal conditions for an unplanned but thoroughgoing experiment in operating universities without the need for a campus. Consequently, the extreme prospect of universities after the era of the modern campus now seems more likely than ever. In this paper we raise the question of the dematerialised or fully digital campus, by drawing attention to the traditional dependence of universities on material and architectural identities. We ask, what is the nature of that dependence? And consider how the current uncertainties about the status of buildings and grounds for tertiary education are driving new campus models. Using material monikers to categorise groups of universities is something of a commonplace. There is the American Ivy League, which refers to the ritualised planting of ivy at elite colleges in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The English have long referred to their “red brick” universities and to a later generation as the “plate glass” universities. In Australia, the older universities developed in the colonial era came to be known as the “sandstones” to distinguish them from the large group of new universities developed in the postwar decades. While some of the latter possess what are commonly called bush campuses. If nothing else, this tendency to categorise places of higher learning by planting and building materials indicates that the identity of institutions is bound up with their materiality. The paper is in two parts. It first sketches out the material history of the Australian university in the twentieth century, before examining an exemplary recent project that reflects some of the architectural and material uncertainties of the present moment in campus development. This prompts a series of reflections on the problem of institutional trust and brand value in a possible future without buildings.
8
Holleran, Samuel. "Ultra Graphic: Australian Advertising Infrastructure from Morris Columns to Media Facades." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4028p0swn.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the development of infrastructures for outdoor advertising and debates over visual ‘oversaturation’ in the built environment. It begins with the boom in posters that came in the 19th century with a plethora of new manufactured goods and the attempts by civic officials to create structures that would extend cities’ available surface area for the placement of ads. It then charts the rise of building-top ‘sky signs,’ articulated billboards, kiosks, and digital media facades while detailing the policy initiatives meant to regulate these ad surfaces. This work builds on ongoing research into the development of signage technologies in Sydney and Melbourne, the measurement and regulation of ‘visual pollution’, and the promotion of entertainment and nightlife in precincts defined by neon and historic signage. This project responds to the increasing ambiguity between traditional advertising substrates and building exteriors. It charts the development of display technologies in relation to changing architectural practices and urban landscapes. Signage innovation in Australia has been driven by increasingly sophisticated construction practices and by the changing nature of cities; shifting markedly with increased automobility, migration and cultural change, and mobile phone use. The means by which urban reformers and architectural critics have sought to define, measure, and control new ad technologies—sometimes deemed ‘visual pollution’— offers a prehistory to contemporary debates over ‘smart city’ street furniture, and a synecdoche to narratives of degradation and ugliness in the post-war built environment. These four thematically linked episodes show how Australian civic officials and built environment activists have responded to visual clutter, and the fuzzy line between advertisers, architects, and builders erecting increasingly dynamic infrastructures for ad delivery. This progression shows the fluctuating place of advertisement in the built environment, ending with the emergence of today’s programmable façades and urban screens.
9
Shroff, Meherzad B., and Amit Srivastava. "Hotel Australia to Oberoi Adelaide: The Transnational History of an Adelaide Hotel." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a3996p40wb.
Full textAbstract:
In the decades following the war, the spread of international luxury chain hotels was instrumental in shaping the global image of modernity. It was not simply the export of modernist architecture as a style, but rather a process which brought about an overall transformation of the industry and culture surrounding modern domesticity. For Adelaide, well before the arrival of large brand hotel chains like Hilton and Hyatt, this process was initiated by the construction of its first international style hotel in 1960 – Australia Hotel. The proposed paper traces the history of this structure and its impact not only on local design and construction industries but also on domestic culture and lifestyle after the shadow period of recovery after the war. This paper looks at three specific enduring legacies of this structure that went well beyond the modernist aesthetics employed by its original designers, the local firm of Lucas, Parker and Partners. The hotel was one of the first to employ the new technology of lift-slab construction and was recognised by the Head of Architecture at the University of Adelaide, Professor Jensen, as the outstanding building of 1960. It is argued that it was the engagement with such technological and process innovations that has allowed the building to endure through several renovation attempts. In her study of Hilton International hotels, Annabelle Wharton argues how architecture was used for America’s expansion to global economic and political power. Following on from her arguments, this paper explores the implications of the acquisition of the Australia Hotel by the Indian hotel chain Oberoi Hotels in the late 1970s when it became Oberoi Adelaide. The patronage of Indian hotelier Mohan Singh Oberoi came alongside the parallel acquisition of Hotel Windsor in Melbourne, heralding a new era of engagement with Asia. Finally, the paper also highlights the broader impact of this hotel, as a leisure venue for the burgeoning middle class, on the evolving domestic culture of Adelaide.
10
Gardiner, Fiona. "Yes, You Can Be an Architect and a Woman!’ Women in Architecture: Queensland 1982-1989." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4001phps8.
Full textAbstract:
From the 1970s social and political changes in Australia and the burgeoning feminist movement were challenging established power relationships and hierarchies. This paper explores how in the 1980s groups of women architects actively took positions that were outside the established professional mainstream. A 1982 seminar at the University of Queensland galvanised women in Brisbane to form the Association of Women Architects, Town Planners and Landscape Architects. Formally founded the association was multi-disciplinary and not affiliated with the established bodies. Its aims included promoting women and working to reform the practice of these professions. While predominately made up of architects, the group never became part of the Royal Australian Institutes of Architects, it did inject itself into its activities, spectacularly sponsoring the Indian architect Revathi Kamath to speak at the 1984 RAIA. For five years the group was active organising talks, speakers, a newsletter and participating in Architecture Week. In 1984 an exhibition ‘Profile: Women in Architecture’ featured the work of 40 past and present women architects and students, including a profile of Queensland’s then oldest practitioner Beatrice Hutton. Sydney architect Eve Laron, the convenor of Constructive Women in Sydney opened the exhibition. There was an active interchange between Women in Architecture in Melbourne, Constructive Women, and the Queensland group, with architects such as Ann Keddie, Suzanne Dance and Barbara van den Broek speaking in Brisbane. While the focus of the group centred around women’s issues such as traditional prejudice, conflicting commitments and retraining, its architectural interests were not those of conventional practice. It explored and promoted the design of cities and buildings that were sensitive to users including women and children, design using natural materials and sustainability. While the group only existed for a short period, it advanced positions and perspectives that were outside the mainstream of architectural discourse and practice. Nearly 40 years on a new generation of women is leading the debate into the structural inequities in the architectural profession which are very similar to those tackled by women architects in the 1980s.
Reports on the topic "Historians Australia"
1
Buchanan, Riley, Daniel Elias, Darren Holden, Daniel Baldino, Martin Drum, and Richard P. Hamilton. The archive hunter: The life and work of Leslie R. Marchant. The University of Notre Dame Australia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32613/reports/2021.2.
Full textAbstract:
Professor Leslie R. Marchant was a Western Australian historian of international renown. Richly educated as a child in political philosophy and critical reason, Marchant’s understandings of western political philosophies were deepened in World War Two when serving with an international crew of the merchant navy. After the war’s end, Marchant was appointed as a Protector of Aborigines in Western Australia’s Depart of Native Affairs. His passionate belief in Enlightenment ideals, including the equality of all people, was challenged by his experiences as a Protector. Leaving that role, he commenced his studies at The University of Western Australia where, in 1952, his Honours thesis made an early case that genocide had been committed in the administration of Aboriginal people in Western Australia. In the years that followed, Marchant became an early researcher of modern China and its relationship with the West, and won respect for his archival research of French maritime history in the Asia-Pacific. This work, including the publication of France Australe in 1982, was later recognised with the award of a French knighthood, the Chevalier d’Ordre National du Mèrite, and his election as a fellow to the Royal Geographical Society. In this festschrift, scholars from The University of Notre Dame Australia appraise Marchant’s work in such areas as Aboriginal history and policy, Westminster traditions, political philosophy, Australia and China and French maritime history.
2
Gorman- Murray, Andrew, Jason Prior, Evelyne de Leeuw, and Jacqueline Jones. Queering Cities in Australia - Making public spaces more inclusive through urban policy and practice. SPHERE HUE Collaboratory, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52708/qps-agm.
Full textAbstract:
Building on the success of a UK-based project, Queering Public Space (Catterall & Azzouz 2021), this report refocuses the lens on Australian cities. This is necessary because the histories, legacies and contemporary forms of cities differ across the world, requiring nuanced local insight to ‘usualise’ queerness in public spaces. The report comprises the results of a desk-top research project. First, a thematic literature review (Braun & Clarke 2021) on the experiences of LGBTIQ+ individuals, families and communities in Australian cities was conducted, identifying best practices in inclusive local area policy and design globally. Building upon the findings of the literature review, a set of assessment criteria was developed: – Stakeholder engagement; – Formation of a LGBTIQ+ advisory committee; – Affirming and usualising LGBTIQ+ communities; – Staff training and awareness; and – Inclusive public space design guidelines
3
Morini, Luca, and Arinola Adefila. Decolonising Education – Fostering Conversations - Interim Project Report. Coventry University, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/glea/2021/0001.
Full textAbstract:
‘Decolonising Education – Fostering Conversations’ is a project funded by RECAP involving Coventry University (CU) and Deakin University. While originated as a comparative study focussing on exploring respective decolonisation practices and discourses from staff and student perspectives, the pandemic forced a shift where Coventry focused data collection and developments were complemented, informed and supported by literatures, histories, institutional perspectives, and methodologies emerging from Indigenous Australians’ struggle against colonialism. Our aims are (1) map what is happening in our institution in terms of decolonisation, and (2) to explore accessible and inclusive ways of broadening the conversation about this important topic.
4
Monsalve Morales, Diana. Seminario Internacional Crédito Educativo: Efectos y Desafíos para la Equidad y la Movilidad Social. Edited by Camilo Andrés Garzón Correa. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/eccr.04.
Full textAbstract:
Esta compilación reúne los resúmenes de las ponencias del Seminario Internacional Crédito Educativo organizado por el ICETEX, la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia y la Universidad de Santander en conmemoración de los 70 años de existencia de la primera institución, como uno de los mecanismos para la promoción y el acceso a la educación superior en Colombia. Las ponencias parten de las revisiones y los análisis actuales que se están desarrollando en el mundo sobre el presente y el futuro de la financiación de la educación superior, enfocados en la situación particular de Colombia. Este Seminario hace parte de un proceso de reflexión y transformación más grande que reflexiona, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinaria, con un enfoque desde lo social y lo regional, sobre la responsabilidad y sostenibilidad del ICETEX, con el propósito de fortalecer, mejorar y proyectar su quehacer misional en consonancia con las dinámicas, las necesidades y los retos del sector de la educación superior en Colombia y en el mundo. Las ponencias toman como referencia diversos modelos de países como Estados Unidos, Australia, Brazil, Corea del Sur, así como las investigaciones adelantadas por Matthew M. Chingos, Sandy Baum, Bruce Chapman, Lorraine Dearden y Paulo Nascimento. Esta compilación busca contribuir con la comprensión sobre los efectos del crédito educativo desde una perspectiva académica y objetiva que reconozca las percepciones y apreciaciones de usuarios y ciudadanos y al mismo tiempo cualifique la conversación nacional sobre la educación superior en general y sobre el acceso a la misma a través del crédito educativo en particular desde diferentes disciplinas, como la historia, el derecho, la economía, la psicología y otras.