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1
Nacarino, Meneses Carmen. "Life history inferences in extant and extinct Equus from the histological analysis of bone and enamel tissues." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664248.
Full textAbstract:
El estudio de life histories proporciona información sobre la biología y ecología de las especies, incluyendo las condiciones ecológicas de su ecosistema, su biodiversidad, su demografía y su vulnerabilidad. La life history de vertebrados actuales y extintos puede ser reconstruida a partir de la microestructura ósea y dental. Sin embargo, el estudio de mamíferos clave en paleontología y ecología, como los équidos, es aún escaso. La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar la histología ósea y dental de Equus actuales y extintos para inferir sus características biológicas y de life history más importantes. La muestra actual se compone de huesos y dientes de asno salvaje asiático, cebra común y cebra de Grevy. Su estudio ha proporcionado un marco sólido para el análisis de Equus fósiles, limitado en esta tesis a especies del Pleistoceno Medio y Superior. Los resultados obtenidos de histología ósea en équidos actuales muestran que el tipo de tejido varía a lo largo de la ontogenia, registrando el crecimiento del individuo. Los cambios de tejido óseo también se han relacionado con ciertas características de life history. Así, el cambio de hueso fibrolamellar a lamellar (external fundamental system) en fémures de équidos se ha visto asociado a la madurez reproductiva. Eventos clave del ciclo vital, como el nacimiento, quedan igualmente registrados en el tejido óseo de los équidos. Por primera vez en mamíferos, esta tesis doctoral describe una marca de crecimiento no cíclica en huesos apendiculares, cuya deposición está relacionada con una reducción/parada del crecimiento en los potros durante el nacimiento (línea neonatal). Este descubrimiento es de gran importancia para la reconstrucción histológica de life histories en mamíferos actuales y extintos. El estudio esqueletocronológico en Equus actuales ha revelado, además, que el fémur es el mejor hueso para obtener datos de life history y que las curvas de crecimiento reflejan la madurez esquelética. Por otro lado, el contaje de marcas diarias en el esmalte de équidos actuales ha proporcionado nuevas tasas de secreción que invalidan estudios incorrectos previos. El estudio del esmalte dental realizado en primeros molares inferiores de Equus indica, además, que el desarrollo de este diente consta de tres fases. Cada una de ellas presenta un patrón y una tasa de crecimiento específica, y está relacionada con modificaciones ontogenéticas y estructurales del diente. Asimismo, el análisis histológico muestra que el esmalte se extiende más allá del cérvix, dificultando la toma de medidas de la altura de la corona a partir de la apariencia externa del diente. Los resultados obtenidos indican, también, que el desgaste del primer molar es mucho más pronunciado en etapas tempranas de la ontogenia, y que la corona de este diente tarda en formarse el doble de tiempo en el asno asiático que en las cebras africanas debido, probablemente, a diferencias en hábitat y longevidad entre especies. Además, se ha analizado la histología ósea de las especies del Pleistoceno Medio E. steinheimensis y E. mosbachensis y el esmalte dental de las del Pleistoceno Superior E. ferus y E. hydruntinus, en un primer intento por reconstruir la life history de Equus fósiles. Esto, a su vez, ha permitido analizar los cambios evolutivos de tamaño corporal descritos en Equus durante el Pleistoceno europeo bajo una perspectiva de life history. Los resultados preliminares obtenidos en esta tesis indican que los équidos más grandes del Pleistoceno Medio crecían a tasas más elevadas que las especies del Pleistoceno Superior y actuales, más pequeñas. Este resultado se corresponde con reconstrucciones paleoambientales y con modelos teóricos de life history que proponen la disponibilidad de recursos como una de las presiones de selección más importantes en la determinación del tamaño corporal.The study of life histories provides valuable insights into many aspects of a species’ biology and ecology, including the ecological conditions of its ecosystem, its biodiversity, its demography and its vulnerability to extinction. Life histories of extant and extinct vertebrates can be reconstructed from bone and dental microstructure. However, histological research in key mammalian groups for paleontology and ecology, such as equids, is still little explored. The present PhD thesis aims to analyze bone and dental histology in extant and extinct Equus to obtain information about their most important life history and biological traits. The extant sample of the present dissertation comprises bones and teeth of Asiatic wild ass, plains zebra and Grevy’s zebra. Their detailed histological study has provided a solid framework for the subsequent analysis of fossil Equus species, which has been limited here to Middle and Late Pleistocene taxa. Results obtained from bone histology in living equids show that bone tissue types vary through ontogeny, recording individual growth. This dissertation also indicates that changes in bone tissue types are related to certain life history characteristics. Thus, for instance, results of this thesis reveal that the transition from fibrolamellar to lamellar bone (i.e. external fundamental system) in equid femora is associated with the onset of reproductive maturity. Key life history events, such as the moment of birth, are also registered in the bone tissue of equids. For the first time in mammals, the present dissertation describes a non-cyclical bone growth mark in the limb bones of equids whose timing of deposition agrees with a period of growth arrest/decline during birth in foals (neonatal line). This discovery is of high importance for the histological reconstruction of life histories in extant and extinct mammals. Bone skeletochronology in extant Equus further reveals that the femur is the best bone to obtain life history data in equids, and that bone growth curves yield information about skeletal maturity. On the other hand, the counting of incremental markings of daily periodicity in equid enamel yields new estimates of daily secretion rates for these mammals that invalidate previous inaccurate studies. The detailed study of dental enamel in first lower molars of extant Equus also shows that the development of this tooth involves three different stages. Each of them presents a specific rate and pattern of growth, and is related to ontogenetic and structural modifications of the tooth. The histological analysis performed here further indicates that enamel extends beyond the molar’s cervix in equids, hampering measurements of the crown height from the external appearance of the tooth. Results of this thesis also reveals that the time of first lower molar crown formation in the Asiatic wild ass doubles that of the African zebras, probably due to differences in habitat and longevity among these species. Dental histology further yields information about rates of wear in equids, indicating much higher wear rates for the first lower molar early in ontogeny than commonly thought. In a first attempt to reconstruct the life history of extinct Equus, bone histology was analyzed in the Middle Pleistocene species E. steinheimensis and E. mosbachensis and dental enamel was studied in the Late Pleistocene taxa E. ferus and E. hydruntinus. The preliminary findings obtained from these investigations allowed the first analysis of the body size trend towards dwarfing in European Pleistocene Equus under a life history perspective. First results indicate that larger Middle Pleistocene equids grew at higher rates than smaller Late Pleistocene and extant species. This finding agrees with published paleoenvironmental reconstructions and conforms to life history models that propose resource availability as one of the main selection pressures influencing adult body size.
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Conceição, Maria da [UNESP]. "Aspectos histológicos e morfométricos da pele de cães do nascimento aos 70 dias de idade, clinicamente saudáveis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101321.
Full textAbstract:
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conceicao_m_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 3014470 bytes, checksum: 49d4919a2393deb79a1f34cf6e565343 (MD5)A pele exerce várias funções importantes, por isto várias conseqüências deletérias podem advir devido à sua imaturidade ou perda da sua integridade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a evolução da pele dos cães recém-nascidos em relação à sua morfologia e celularidade desde o nascimento até 70 dias de idade, em 28 filhotes. As amostras de pele foram colhidas da região dorsal nos um, 20, 40 e 60 dias de vida, e da região ventral nos 10, 30, 50, e 70 dias de vida. As amostras obtidas por meio de biópsia da pele dos filhotes foram processadas e coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina, ácido periódico de Schiff, calleja sem permanganato de potássio, tricrômico de Masson e vermelho do congo-azul de toluidina acidificada. Comparando-se os resultados obtidos com os dados da literatura do cão adulto pôde-se verificar que os neonatos possuem os mesmos componentes da pele dos adultos. A espessura da membrana basal é linear tanto em machos quanto em fêmeas. Em relação ao sexo, houve diferença significativa da espessura das fibras colágenas da derme superficial e derme profunda, fibras elásticas e reticulares do dorso direito entre os machos e fêmeas de um, 20, 40 e 60 dias de vida. Nos filhotes machos as fibras tiveram espessamento linear. No que diz respeito à idade também houve diferença estatística da espessura das fibras colágenas da derme superficial e profunda e fibras elásticas. Nos filhotes machos há tendência de espessamento destas fibras com o amadurecimento dos animais. O local anatômico da colheita, dorso direito e ventre direito dos animais de 60 dias de idade, teve influência na espessura das fibras elásticas. As fibras do dorso direito dos filhotes machos são mais espessas do que as do ventre direito dos filhotes fêmeas.
The skin exerts several important functions; therefore many deleterious consequences may occur due to its immaturity or loss of integrity. The scope of this study was to evaluate the evolution of skin from newborn dogs in its morphology and cellular content from birth until 70 days of age on 28 puppies. The skin samples were collected from the dorsal area at one, 20, 40 and 60 days of life; and from the ventral area at 10, 30, 50, 70 days of life. The samples were obtained through skin biopsy and stained by hematoxylineosin, Schiff periodic acid, calleja without potassium permanganate, trichromic of Masson, and modified congo red-acidified toluidine blue stain. Comparing the obtained results to literature data for adult dogs, it was verified that newborns posses the same skin components of adult dogs. The thickness of the basal membrane is linear for both males and females. Regarding sex, there was a significant difference of thickness on collagen fibers from superficial and deep dermis, as well as on elastic and reticular fibers from the right dorsum among males and females of one, 20, 40 and 60 days of life. On male puppies the fibers presented linear thickening. Concerning the age, there also was significant difference of thickness on collagen fibers from superficial and deep dermis and elastic fibers. On male puppies there is a tendency of thickening for those fibers, as the animals grow mature. The anatomic site for collecting – right dorsum and right ventral area of 60 day-old animals – had an influence on the thickness of elastic fibers. The fibers from the right dorsum of male puppies are thicker when comparing to those from the right ventral area of female puppies.
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Asaad, Kamil. "Comparative histology of human skin." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5711.
Full textAbstract:
There are 5 distinct aspects to this study. (i) Two histological stains for
collagen were compared against each other for the first time, namely Herovici's technique and picrosirius-polarization. (ii) Skin samples from
embalmed cadaveric tissue from human cadavers were compared against
samples taken from surgical patients. (iii) Skin samples were studied from
different regions of the body to assess if dermal structure correlates with
scarring potential. (iv) Skin samples were sectioned in a plane parallel to the
epidermis to gain further insight into dermal structure. (v) A novel basement
membrane stain was produced.
Type I and type III collagen are important structural constituents of dermis
and play a crucial role in wound healing. Only two traditional histological
methods are thought to differentiate between them, so avoiding the need for
antibodies. These were compared against each other for the first time in
order to establish differences in image quality and discrimination between
Type I and type III collagen. Neither technique requires antibodies, however
picrosirius requires polarisation microscopy.
to result in a clearer, consistently reproducible collagen staining pattern than
the picrosirius method and more importantly did not require elaborate
apparatus to analyze. Additionally other cellular elements were visible.
Skin samples for research are often obtained from surgical excision. This
clearly limits which tissues are available for comparative study to those areas operated on. Studying samples from embalmed medical school cadavers
has the great advantage of studying areas of the body not routinely available
from common surgical procedures. It was therefore desirable to assess
whether embalmed cadaveric tissues exhibited different properties by virtue
of their age and the embalming process compared to fresh surgical
specimens, in order to give confidence that studies utilising the former would
be equally valid. To test this, 58 skin samples from embalmed medical
school cadavers were compared to skin samples from 38 fresh operative
specimens. The levels of tissue preservation and processing artefacts were
similar in both groups. Embalmed medical school cadavers clearly offer an
opportunity to study tissue areas not routinely available during surgery. This
is the first time such a comparison has been made.
Many things will affect the final appearance of the scar, but the single most
important determinant is the body region affected. The most common areas
for unfavourable scarring, specifically keloid or hypertrophic scarring have
been shown to be the ear, deltoid and sternal areas. To test the hypothesis
that there is no difference in histological structure of skin that correlates to
body region, comparative histology was undertaken exploring the regional
variations of skin characteristics in 58 cadaveric samples. Closely
comparable samples were taken from the deltoid (9), abdomen (13), sternum
(10), post-auricular (5), earlobe (12) and eyelid (9). Epidermal thickness,
epidermal appendage density and collagen fibre orientation were examined
and qualitative structural differences were assessed for each region Skin samples were then grouped by both topographical location of the body
and scarring potential. Skin samples exhibited qualitative and quantifiable
regional variations in the characteristics studied. Epidermal thickness and
appendage counts did not correlate with scarring potential. Both however
were statistically significantly higher in skin sampled from the head compared
to the trunk. Bundles of collagen fibres in the reticular dermis were grouped
according to their orientation in relation to the coronal plane; either parallel,
oblique or perpendicular. The ratio of oblique to parallel fibres was
statistically significantly higher in body areas with poorer scarring prognosis.
This corresponds to a more disorganised arrangement of collagen fibres in
these areas.
Further qualitative understanding of dermal collagen fibres came from
perpendicular to conventional histological samples. This new method stained basement membranes purple, cytoplasm was stained greenish-brown and nuclei dark brown. Collagen fibres were either thin and blue or thick and green. This
method was compared to PAS staining and although required more
preparative steps allows greater identification of other cellular structures.
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Conceição, Maria da. "Aspectos histológicos e morfométricos da pele de cães do nascimento aos 70 dias de idade, clinicamente saudáveis /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101321.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador : Michiko SakateResumo: A pele exerce várias funções importantes, por isto várias conseqüências deletérias podem advir devido à sua imaturidade ou perda da sua integridade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de avaliar a evolução da pele dos cães recém-nascidos em relação à sua morfologia e celularidade desde o nascimento até 70 dias de idade, em 28 filhotes. As amostras de pele foram colhidas da região dorsal nos um, 20, 40 e 60 dias de vida, e da região ventral nos 10, 30, 50, e 70 dias de vida. As amostras obtidas por meio de biópsia da pele dos filhotes foram processadas e coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina, ácido periódico de Schiff, calleja sem permanganato de potássio, tricrômico de Masson e vermelho do congo-azul de toluidina acidificada. Comparando-se os resultados obtidos com os dados da literatura do cão adulto pôde-se verificar que os neonatos possuem os mesmos componentes da pele dos adultos. A espessura da membrana basal é linear tanto em machos quanto em fêmeas. Em relação ao sexo, houve diferença significativa da espessura das fibras colágenas da derme superficial e derme profunda, fibras elásticas e reticulares do dorso direito entre os machos e fêmeas de um, 20, 40 e 60 dias de vida. Nos filhotes machos as fibras tiveram espessamento linear. No que diz respeito à idade também houve diferença estatística da espessura das fibras colágenas da derme superficial e profunda e fibras elásticas. Nos filhotes machos há tendência de espessamento destas fibras com o amadurecimento dos animais. O local anatômico da colheita, dorso direito e ventre direito dos animais de 60 dias de idade, teve influência na espessura das fibras elásticas. As fibras do dorso direito dos filhotes machos são mais espessas do que as do ventre direito dos filhotes fêmeas.
Abstract: The skin exerts several important functions; therefore many deleterious consequences may occur due to its immaturity or loss of integrity. The scope of this study was to evaluate the evolution of skin from newborn dogs in its morphology and cellular content from birth until 70 days of age on 28 puppies. The skin samples were collected from the dorsal area at one, 20, 40 and 60 days of life; and from the ventral area at 10, 30, 50, 70 days of life. The samples were obtained through skin biopsy and stained by hematoxylineosin, Schiff periodic acid, calleja without potassium permanganate, trichromic of Masson, and modified congo red-acidified toluidine blue stain. Comparing the obtained results to literature data for adult dogs, it was verified that newborns posses the same skin components of adult dogs. The thickness of the basal membrane is linear for both males and females. Regarding sex, there was a significant difference of thickness on collagen fibers from superficial and deep dermis, as well as on elastic and reticular fibers from the right dorsum among males and females of one, 20, 40 and 60 days of life. On male puppies the fibers presented linear thickening. Concerning the age, there also was significant difference of thickness on collagen fibers from superficial and deep dermis and elastic fibers. On male puppies there is a tendency of thickening for those fibers, as the animals grow mature. The anatomic site for collecting - right dorsum and right ventral area of 60 day-old animals - had an influence on the thickness of elastic fibers. The fibers from the right dorsum of male puppies are thicker when comparing to those from the right ventral area of female puppies.
Doutor
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Diagone, Karen Vicente. "Histologia e morfometria dos testículos de gatos domésticos adultos /." Jaboticabal :, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101120.
Full textAbstract:
Resumo: Neste trabalho foram analisados histológica e morfometricamente testículos de 30 gatos distribuídos em três grupos (G) com idades reprodutivas diferentes, G1 (um a dois anos), G2 (maiores de dois a quatro anos) e G3 (maiores de quatro a seis anos), sem raça definida, e desprovidos de doenças reprodutivas. Após a orquiectomia, a gônada direita foi lavada em água corrente e fixada em solução Bouin durante 24 horas e processada rotineiramente para a inclusão em parafina. Foram realizados cortes semiseriados de 120 micrômetros (μm) com espessura de cinco micrômetros, corados pela Hematoxilina Eosina e fotomicrografados no aparelho Olympus Bx 50 CCD®. Os parâmetros morfométricos estudados a partir do sistema analisador de imagens (Image Pro-plus) foram as espessuras da camada albugínea (72 μm) e do epitélio seminífero (77,19 μm), perímetro (53,81; 90,57 μm) e (54,80; 101,07 μm), área (174,23; 494,55 μm2) e (176,68; 629,70 μm2), diâmetros máximo (14,94; 28,02 μm) e (14,76; 31,66 μm) e mínimo (13,25; 21,92 μm) e (13,30; 24,52 μm) e fator de forma (1,36; 1,36) e (1,39; 1,35) do núcleo e citoplasma das espermatogônias e células de Leydig respectivamente. O procedimento estatístico utilizado foi a ANOVA. Estes resultados podem ser utilizados em estudos comparativos com outros felinos, e contribuir com profissionais da área em relação a altura do epitélio seminífero e espessura da túnica albugínea e tamanho das espermatogônias e células de LeydigAbstract: It was carried out in this research histological and morphometric analyses of testes of 30 mixed breed cats distributed in three groups (G) according to their ages, G1 (1 to 2 years), G2 (> 2 to 4 years) and G3 (> 4 to 6 years) , without reproductive diseases. After the performance of the orchiectomy, the right testis of each animal was washed under running water for removal of blood excess, fixed in Bouin solution for 24 hours, submitted to routine histological processing. The blocks of all samples were cut into 5-μm thick sections and the testes were cut into five 120-μm semi-serial sections. The specimens were mounted on glass slides, stained with hematoxylin-eosin technique and the histological sections were examined and photographed under an Olympus BX50 photomicroscope. The following morphometric parameters were analyzed: thickness of the tunica albuginea (72 μm) and seminiferous epithelium (77,19 μm) of the seminiferous tubules. Nucleus and cytoplasm of type A spermatogonia and Leydig cells were also studied: perimeter (53,81; 90,57 μm) and (54,80; 101,07 μm), area (174,23; 494,55 μm2) and (176,68; 629,70 μm2), maximum diameter (14,94; 28,02 μm) and (14,76; 31,66 μm), minimum diameter (13,25; 21,92 μm) and (13,30; 24,52 μm) and roundness factor (1,36; 1,36) and (1,39; 1,35) respectively. All analyses were performed using ANOVA. These parameters could be used in comparative studies with another feline species, to improve information about the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium, tunica propria, spermatogonia and Leydig cells to help feline reproduction professionals
Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente
Coorientador: Maria Rita Pacheco
Banca: Ana Paula Coelho Ribeiro
Banca: Frederico Ozanam Barros Monteiro
Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini
Banca: Marion Burkhardt de Koivisto
Doutor
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Bori, i. Tuneu Guillem. "Utilitat de la histologia en el diagnòstic de la infecció de l’artroplàstia de maluc." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31996.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta tesi està dedicada a l’estudi de la utilitat del nombre de leucòcitspolimorfonuclears en els teixits periprotètics pel diagnòstic de la infecció, a determinarquin es el punt de tall per definir infecció i a estudiar quina relació hi ha entre el númerode leucòcits polimorfonuclears trobats en les membranes periprotètiques i elmicroorganisme aïllat en els cultius convencionals.El primer objectiu avalua la utilitat de la histologia segons el criteri de Mirra iadaptat per Feldman (≥5 leucòcits polimorfonuclears per camp de gran augment) en tressituacions; recanvi protètic per sospita d’afluixament asèptic, per sospita d’afluixamentsèptic o reimplantació d’una pròtesi després d’un primer temps sèptic. En el cas delrecanvi per afluixament asèptic i en el moment de la reimplantació d’una pròtesi desprésd’un primer temps sèptic, la histologia presenta una sensibilitat baixa per tald’identificar una infecció. En canvi en el cas d’un recanvi amb la sospita d’afluixamentsèptic, la histologia es mostra com un test vàlid, ja que en la majoria de les situacionsconfirma aquesta sospita preoperatòria.El segon objectiu estudia si un punt de tall més baix (≥1 leucòcitspolimorfonuclears per camp de gran augment) és més eficaç en el diagnòstic de lainfecció. El resultat demostra que aquesta modificació fa que la histologia sigui méssensible però comporta un descens de l’especificitat.El tercer objectiu analitza la relació entre el número de leucòcitspolimorfonuclears i el tipus de microorganisme aïllat. L’aïllament d’estafilococscoagulasa-negativa es va associar a una menor infiltració de leucòcits polimorfonuclearsen els teixits periprotètics que amb altres microorganismes com Staphylococcus aureuso Bacils Gram-negatius com Escherichia coli o Pseudomonas spp.
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McCann, Michael T. "Tools for Automated Histology Image Analysis." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2015. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/678.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis, we present three image processing tools inspired by and designed for histology image analysis. Histology, which is the examination of biological tissue under a microscope, is a critical technique in biomedical research and clinical practice. While slide preparation and imaging is increasingly becoming automated, the analysis of the resulting histology images is not: even routine analyses still require the trained eyes of a pathologist. In our work, we aim to understand histology images as a class of signals and develop tools to aid in the automated analysis of these signals. Our first contribution is in the area of histology image normalization, where the goal is to digitally remove the variation in staining between histology images, an important preprocessing step in many histology image analysis systems. To this end, we created a new benchmark dataset with which to compare normalization methods and proposed our own. Our second contribution is a tissue segmentation method, which delineates single-tissue regions in histology images. Along with this method, we propose a new mathematical model for histology images. Our final contribution is a method for describing distributions of angles, which is useful for segmentation as well as a variety of other image processing tasks.
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Butterworth, Rosalind J. "The histology of human granulating wounds." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34293.
Full textAbstract:
1. The prime aim of this study was to investigate the structure and cellularity of human granulation tissue, by the taking of punch biopsies from clinical wounds, a method not previously reported in wound research. It was intended both to further the understanding of wound biology, and to provide baseline information for clinical trials of therapeutic agents, such as dressing materials and growth factors. 2. To evaluate the validity of the universally used animal models of wound healing, and the extent to which data from them can be extrapolated to the human wound. 3. To relate histological criteria to the progress of wound healing as observed clinically, in both normally healing and unhealthy wounds. This might allow diagnosis of difficult healing problems to be made by biopsy, and also has relevance to wound biology in providing circumstantial evidence of cell function. 4. To compare conventional and immunocytochemical staining techniques in identification of cell types in human granulation tissue. 5. As a particular area of interest, to clarify the role of the myofibroblast in wound contraction by identification of a suitable marker for this cell in human granulation tissue, and by examining the temporal relationship between myofibroblast presence and wound contraction.
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Miszkiewicz, Justyna J. "Ancient human bone histology and behaviour." Thesis, University of Kent, 2014. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/38319/.
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Chedid, Renata Alari [UNESP]. "Estudo morfológico e histoquímico do tubo digestivo de eleuteroembriões e larvas de Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1836)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86661.
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chedid_ra_me_jabo.pdf: 1366238 bytes, checksum: 21a6e3e47bfbdb87f49b7e199bfd5d21 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Leporinus obtusidens apresenta características zootécnicas interessantes e promissoras para o cultivo em piscicultura. Na maioria das espécies cultivadas, as larvas, ao iniciarem a alimentação exógena, são organismos cujo desenvolvimento ainda não se completou, razão pela qual os órgãos digestivos não estão totalmente definidos e o conteúdo enzimático ainda é deficiente. As pesquisas com larvas de peixes apontam para a alimentação como o fator de maior importância a ser considerado durante o desenvolvimento inicial, pois os organismos estão na fase de diferenciação estrutural e funcional do sistema digestório. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características histológicas e histoquímicas do tudo digestivo de Leporinus obtusidens nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de Karnovsky e processadas para análises histológicas e histoquímicas. A eclosão dos eleuteroembriões de L. obtusidens ocorreu às 15 horas após a fertilização (28°C) e as reservas de vitelo foram observadas até 120 horas após a eclosão (HAE). A boca sofreu modificações na posição, passando de ventral para subterminal. Com relação ao esôfago, foi possível observar as primeiras células caliciformes com 48 HAE e a partir de 64 HAE intensa positividade ao PAS e ao AB. A partir de 30 HAE foi possível observar o primórdio do estômago, caracterizado pela substituição do epitélio esofágico estratificado por epitélio gástrico simples, com presença de poucas células caliciformes. Com 96 HAE foi observada intensa reação ao PAS no epitélio de revestimento do estômago, o que indica funcionalidade do órgão. Quanto ao intestino, foi observado um desenvolvimento lento, as primeiras células caliciformes foram observadas com 96 HAE. Os cecos pilóricos foram evidenciados...
Leporinus obtusidens husbandry has characteristics very interesting and promising for cultivation in aquaculture programs. Most of the cultivated species, the larvae begin to feed exogenously, are organisms whose metamorphosis is not complete, which is why the digestive organs are not fully defined and the enzyme content is still deficient. The studies with fish larvae feeding point to as the most important factor to be considered during early development, because the organisms are in the process of structural and functional differentiation of the digestive system. Thus the objective of this study was to analyze the histological and histochemical features of digestive L. obtusidens in all stages of development. Samples were collected in the Hydrobiology and Aquaculture Station of Companhia Energetica de São Paulo (CESP) Jupiá, SP. The samples were fixed in Karnovsky solution, processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The outbreak of eleuteroembryo L. obtusidens occurred approximately 15 hours after fertilization (28 ° C) and the yolk reserves were observed up to 120 HAE. The mouth has undergone successive changes during development, the ventral position to the subterminal position. With regard to the esophagus, it was possible to observe the first goblet cells with 48 HAE and and starting at 64 HAE intense positivity to PAS and AB. From 30 HAE was possible to observe the beginnings of the stomach, characterized only by the substitution of an esophageal epithelium stratified by gastric epithelium simple with cuboidal cells, with little presence of goblet cells. Was observed with 96 HAE intense reaction to PAS in the epithelium lining of the stomach, indicating functionality of the organ. As the intestine, we observed a slow development, the first goblet cells were observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Olsson, Mattias. "Role of the CD47/SIRPα-interaction in regulation of macrophage phagocytosis." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Integrativ medicinsk biologi, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1574.
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CD47 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed by virtually all cells in the body. Binding of CD47 to the macrophage receptor Signal Regulatory Protein alpha (SIRPα) yields an inhibitory signal that counteracts phagocytosis. Red blood cells (RBCs) that lack CD47 are rapidly cleared from the circulation, whereas CD47 expressing cells have a normal turnover rate. CD47 has therefore been proposed to function as a marker of self, enabling the immune system to discriminate between self and foreign. Thus, the studies of the present thesis aimed at further investigating the role of CD47 as a marker of self in regulating phagocytosis of platelets, phagocytosis of viable or senescent RBCs, and the mechanisms involved. CD47 on platelets was found to regulate their turnover in vivo, since platelets from CD47-/- mice transfused into wild type recipients were cleared more rapidly from the circulation than wild type platelets. In addition, CD47-/- mice were found to suffer from a mild spontaneous thrombocytopenia, without any signs of accelerated platelet apoptosis or increased platelet activation. CD47-/- mice were more sensitive to experimental immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), as compared with wild type mice. In vitro phagocytosis experiments proved that platelet CD47 was responsible for this effect, since blocking antibodies to macrophage SIRPα increased phagocytosis of wild type platelets to the levels seen for CD47-/- platelets. When unopsonized platelets or RBCs from CD47+/- mice (expressing about 50 % less CD47 than wild type cells) were transfused into wild type recipients, they were cleared from the circulation at virtually the same rate as wild type cells. However, CD47+/- cells were cleared more rapidly than wild type cells when transfused animals were challenged with an antibody directed against the transfused cell type. In vitro, IgG-opsonized CD47+/- platelets and RBCs were ingested to a higher extent than wild type cells, but less than CD47-/- cells, suggesting that CD47 dose-dependently regulates phagocytosis in macrophages. It was also investigated if inhibitory SIRPα signaling is localized to the site of contact with the cell that is to be ingested, or whether the inhibition of phagocytosis is more general in the whole macrophage. Experiments with a mix of IgG-opsonized wild type and CD47-/- RBCs showed that the effect of inhibitory CD47-SIRPα signaling was local in the macrophage and limited to the site of contact with a specific target cell. Thus, contact with one or several wild type RBCs did not affect the increased phagocytosis of CD47-/- RBCs by the same macrophage. RBC senescence involves oxidation of membrane lipids and proteins, as well as exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the cell surface, and clearance of senescent RBCs is believed to be regulated by several different factors. To investigate the role of CD47 in uptake of experimentally senescent RBCs, RBCs were oxidized with CuSO4/ascorbic acid (Ox-RBCs). Phagocytosis of Ox-RBCs required recognition of PS on the RBCs, recognition by scavenger receptors on the macrophages, and was strongly dependent on serum. CD47 did not inhibit serum-dependent phagocytosis of experimentally senescent unopsonized RBCs, since phagocytosis of senescent wild type or CD47-/- RBCs was virtually similar. The ability of CD47 to cluster in the plasma membrane upon cross-linking with antibodies was reduced in senescent RBCs. Despite this, CD47 inhibited phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized viable or senescent RBCs to the same extent. In summary, CD47 can function as a marker of self on both RBCs and platelets. The phagocytosis-inhibitory effect is dependent on the CD47 expression level, and CD47-SIRPα signaling acts locally in the macrophage at the contact with a target cell. In experimentally senescent RBCs, CD47 does not inhibit serum-dependent phagocytosis in the absence of opsonization, but still inhibits FcγR-mediated phagocytosis. Key words: CD47, SIRPα, platelets, red blood cells, macrophages, phagocytosis, Fcγ receptor, senescence
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Mudalige, Rasika Geethanjali. "Dendrobium flower color : histology and genetic manipulation." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/3066.
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Dendrobium is the most important cut flower orchid in the world. Understanding the chemical, histological and molecular aspects of flower color is crucial for the development of breeding strategies for novel colors. The objectives of this research were to examine the histology of flower color, cloning and characterization of flavonoid biosynthetic genes, and metabolic engineering of Dendrobium flavonoid pathway to obtain new colors. In Dendrobium, anthocyanins can be confined to a single layer of cells (epidermal or suepidermal) in pale flowers. More intensely colored flowers had anthocyanin in several cell layers. Striped patterns on the perianth were due to the restriction of pigment to cells surrounding the vascular bundles. Color perception is markedly influenced by the presence or absence of carotenoids. Four types of epidermal cells were found in Dendrobium: flat, dome, elongated dome, and papillate. Epidermal cell shape and cell packing in the mesophyll affected the visual texture. Perianth parts with flat cells and a tightly packed mesophyll had a glossy texture, whereas dome cells and loosely packed mesophyll contributed a velvety texture. The labella in the majority of flowers examined had a complex epidermis with more than one epidermal cell shape, predominantly papillate epidermal cells. We were able to isolate a full clone of Dendrobium dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr), and partial clones of chalcone synthase (chs), flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (f3'h) and flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase (f3'5'h), from Dendrobium Jaquelyn Thomas 'Uniwai Prince' (UH503). Expression data indicated that dfr and chs were expressed to the greatest degree in unopened buds. Amount of f3'h and f3'5'h mRNA was too small to detect. Southern analysis has shown that f3'h and f3'5'h is represented by 2 copies each in UH503. These clones will be extremely useful in future for flower color manipulation. Two different color genes, dfr and f3'5'h from two non-orchid plants, under the constitutive promoter ubiquitin3, were inserted into Dendrobium Icy Pink 'Sakura' with the intention of creating orange-red and blue shades, which are absent in commercial Dendrobium. Presence of the transgene in two sets of transformants was confirmed by PCR. Expression of the transgene from a few plants was indicated by RT-PCR and northern analyses.Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-153).
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Also available by subscription via World Wide Web
xix, 153 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm
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Calvert, Patrick Andrew. "Virtual-histology intravascular ultrasound in vulnerable atherosclerosis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609857.
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Smith, Caitlin Caryl Danielle. "Giraffa camelopardalis: limb bone histology through ontogeny." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32351.
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Although there are many studies on mammalian bone histology, there are only a few that have examined the bone histology of artiodactyls, or focused specifically on osteohistological changes during ontogeny. The current study investigates the microanatomy and histology of giraffe limb bones through ontogeny. Mid-diaphyseal sections of humeri, radii, metacarpals, femora, and tibiae of 14 individuals representing individuals of known sex, as well as at different ontogenetic stages (foetal, juveniles, subadults, and adults). Thin sections were prepared for all the bones, and microanatomical (using Bone Profiler) and histological analyses were conducted on each of the sections. The study examined three main aspects, 1) Crosssectional shape changes in limb bones through ontogeny, 2) Histological changes through ontogeny in each of the limb bones, and 3) Histovariability among skeletons. The results of the study show that the foetus and juvenile individuals have round cross-sections, with small vacant medullary cavities, while cross sections of older individuals tend to be oval with variable amounts of cancellous bone surrounding the medullary cavity. The highest bone compactness values were obtained for the humerus and femur of the foetus, whereas the radius, metacarpal, and tibia bone compactness values are similar across the age classes. In terms of histology, this study found that the earlier ontogenetic stages had highly vascularised fibrolamellar bone in their cortices, which contrasts with that of the subadults and adults where more slowly deposited bone tissue occurs. These observations indicate that after rapid initial growth during early ontogeny, osteogenesis (and overall growth) slows down. This research also documents the fusion of the metacarpal III and IV, and the associated changes that occur in the histology. The study also highlights that the tibia is the only bone that has long radial vascular canals in the cortex. Overall the results of this study have provided a much better understanding of the bone histology of giraffes during ontogeny and has therefore filled an important gap in our knowledge of mammalian bone tissues. Furthermore, this study has direct implications for any future palaeohistological studies of fossil giraffids from Langebaanweg in South Africa.
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Lei, Lih-Wei. "Evaluation of computer-assisted instruction in histology /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7707.
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Macedo, Mirian Helena Hoeschl Abreu [UNESP]. "Atipias de significado indeterminado em células escamosas cervicais e diagnósticos histológicos na Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99211.
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O presente estudo avaliou 99 pacientes com diagnóstico colpocitológico de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC), no Distrito Federal (DF). No ano do estudo, foram realizadas 101.948 colpocitologias oncóticas (CO) na rede de saúde publica do DF. Destas, 1.454 correspondiam a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, possivelmente não neoplásicas (ASC-US) e 324 a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, quando não se pode excluir lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H). Foram incluídas no estudo 99 pacientes com citologias de interesse, e realizadas biópsias de colo uterino cujos resultados histológicos revelaram 77 normais e 22 alterados com neoplasia intraepitelial de grau moderado ou maior (NIC2+), e colhidas novas colpocitologias. As novas colpocitologias foram analisadas na central de Citopatologia do DF, as colposcopias foram realizadas por um único observador, e os estudos histológicos por um mesmo patologista. Foram feitas 99 biópsias com os seguintes resultados: 77 normais e 22 com alterações evidenciando neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau. Entre as colpocitologias iniciais com diagnóstico de ASC-H 50% apresentaram NIC2+ à histologia. A colposcopia mostrou sensibilidade e especificidade de 63,6% e 87,0% (IC 95%), respectivamente. Os valores preditivos positivos foram 6,66%, 26,30% e 9,09% (IC de 95% ) para a primeira colpocitologia, para a segunda colpocitologia e colposcopia. Os valores preditivos negativos foram, para os mesmos métodos diagnósticos 98,74%, 98,43% e 99,15%. Os fatores associados a presença de lesão NIC2+ foram tabagismo, estado civil, número de parceiros, uso de anticoncepcional hormonal, e início da vida sexual ativa entre 13 e 16 anos. Os resultados histológicos de ASC, tanto ASC-US como ASC-H...
The current study evaluated 99 patients diagnosed with vaginal smear atypical squamous cells (ASC) of underdetermined significance in the Federal District (FD). During the year of studies, 101,948 oncotic colpocytologies (OC) were undertaken in public service in the FD. Of these, 1,454 corresponded to atypical squamous cells of underdetermined significance, possible non-neoplasia (ASC-US), and 324 corresponded to atypical squamous cells of underdetermined significance when high grade intraepithelial neoplasia cannot be excluded (ASC-H). Patients with cytology interest were called. 99 biopsies were undertaken whose histological results revealed 77 normal and 22 altered with moderate or higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (NIC2+) and a new colpocytology was taken. The new colpocytologies were analyzed at the Cytology Central of the FD, the colposcopies and hystologies were carried out by a single observer, but different. Ninety-nine biopsies were done with the following results: 77 normal and 22 with changes showing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (NIC2+). Among the initial colpocytology with a diagnosis of ASC-H, 50% showed NIC2+ at histology. Colposcopy showed a sensitivity and specificity of 63.6% and 87.0% (95%), respectively. Positive predictive values were 6.66%, 26.30% and 9.09% (IC of 95%) for the first colpocytology, for the second colpocytology and colposcopy. The negative predictive values were, for the same diagnostic methods 98.74%, 98.43% and 99.15%. Factors associated with lesion NIC2+ were smoking, marital status, number of partners, use of hormonal contraceptive and beginning of sexual activity between 13 and 16 years old. The histological results both of ASC-US, and ASC-H comprise a wide variety of diagnoses ranging from normal to severe lesions as carcinomas. This finding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Azevedo, Rebeca de Souza 1980. "Expressão imunohistoquimica de citoqueratinas e actina de musculo liso em carcinomas mucoepidermoides de glandulas salivares em suas diferentes gradações histologicas." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290887.
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Orientador: Fabio Ramoa PiresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O carcinoma mucoepidermóide (CME) é a neoplasia maligna de glândulas salivares mais comum, apresentando grande diversidade de tipos celulares e histogênese incerta e controversa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a expressão imunohistoquímica de citoqueratinas (CKs) de epitélios simples (CKs 7, 8, 18 e 19) e de epitélios complexos (CKs 6, 13 e 14) e de um marcador de diferenciação mioepitelial (actina de músculo liso - AML) em CMEs de glândulas salivares maiores e menores nas diferentes gradações histológicas, na tentativa de estabelecer correlação entre a imunopositividade das células tumorais e o processo de diferenciação e histogênese. Foram selecionados 80 casos de CMEs de glândulas salivares do Departamento de Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia do Hospital do Câncer/A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, entre 1957 e 1997. Os locais mais acometidos foram parótida (47,5%) e palato (26,3%). Do total, 45% dos casos foram classificados como de alto grau, 44% de baixo grau, e somente 11% de grau intermediário de malignidade. Células escamosas estavam presentes em 98% dos casos, intermediárias em 71%, mucosas em 54%, claras em 30%, colunares em 29% e oncocíticas em 3%. O padrão de crescimento neoplásico mostrou proporção similar entre os arranjos sólido (89%) e cístico/ductal (81%). A expressão das CKs variou de acordo com o tipo celular: células escamosas apresentaram alta expressão de CKs 6, 7, 8, 14, 18 e 19; células intermediárias de CKs 6, 7 e 8; células mucosas somente de CK7; células claras de CKs 6, 7 e 8; e células colunares de CKs 6, 7, 8 e 18. A CK13 mostrou expressão reduzida em todos os tipos celulares. Diferenciação mioepitelial, embora infreqüente, foi mais observada nas células escamosas e intermediárias. Nas glândulas salivares normais adjacentes, ácinos serosos e mucosos apresentaram alta expressão imunohistoquímica de CK18; ductos intercalados de CKs 6, 7, 18 e 19; ductos estriados de CKs 6, 7, 8, 13, 18 e 19; células ductais excretoras de CKs 6, 7, 8, 18 e 19; células basais excretoras de CK14; e células mioepiteliais de AML e CK14. A grande variedade de tipos celulares associada à expressão imunohistoquímica de diferentes CKs e em menor proporção de AML, similar aos ductos excretores, reforça o conceito de origem do CME a partir de células indiferenciadas pluripotentes localizadas nos ductos excretores das glândulas salivares normais
Abstract: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is the most common malignat salivary gland tumor, composed of several different cell types, with unsettled and controversial histogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratins (CKs) of simple epithelia (7, 8, 18 and 19) and stratified epithelia (6, 13 and 14) and a myoepithelial marker (smooth muscle actin - SMA) �in MECs from major and minor salivary glands in their different histological grading, in order to establish a correlation between tumor cells immunostain and MEC histogenesis and differentiation. Eighty cases of salivary gland MECs retrieved from the Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology/A.C. Camargo Cancer Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil, from 1957 to 1997, were selected. The most common sites were parotid (47,5%) and palate (26,3%). From the total, 45% of the cases were classified as high grade, 44% as low grade, and only 11% as intermediate grade. Squamous cells were present in 98% of the cases, intermediate cells in 71%, mucous cells in 54%, clear cells in 30%, columnar cells in 29% and oncocytic cells in 3%. Tumor organization showed similar amount of solid nests (89%) and cystic structures or duct-like elements (81%). Cytokeratin expression was variable according to the cellular type: squamous cells presented high expression of CKs 6, 7, 8, 14, 18 and 19; intermediate cells of CKs 6, 7 and 8; mucous cells only of CK7; clear cells of CKs 6, 7 and 8; and columnar cells of CKs 6, 7, 8 and 18. CK13 was infrequently expressed in all cell types. Myoepithelial expression, albeit uncommon, was more frequently observed in squamous and intermediate cells. In normal salivary gland tissue found adjacent to the tumors, serous and mucous acini showed high immunohistochemical expression of CK18; intercalated ducts of CKs 6, 7, 18 and 19; striated ducts of CKs 6, 7, 8, 13, 18 and 19; ductal cells of excretory ducts of CKs 6, 7, 8, 18 and 19; basal cells of excretory ducts of CK14; and myoepithelial cells of SMA and CK14. The diversity of cellular types associated to the immunohistochemical expression of different CKs and, in less amount of SMA, similarly to excretory ducts reinforces the concept of MEC origin from pluripotential cells localized at the excretory ducts of normal salivary glands
Mestrado
Estomatologia
Mestre em Estomatopatologia
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Pecora, Ricardo Augusto. "Aplicabilidade da tomografia de coerência óptica em papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-25082017-150453/.
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A Tomografia de Coerência Óptica ou OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) representa importante avanço em diagnóstico e monitoramento de doenças oculares, nos últimos anos, porém na Medicina Veterinária, o emprego da técnica ainda é pouco difundido. Objetivou-se, portanto, utilizar a OCT, no estudo da retina de papagaios-verdadeiros (Amazona aestiva) adultos sadios, visando-se à sua caracterização, bem como, padronizar a técnica do exame para a espécie. Foram avaliadas as camadas da retina, mensuradas as espessuras em diferentes áreas desta e verificada a ocorrência de variações. A dilatação pupilar foi obtida com a instilação de uma gota de brometo de rocurônio (5mg/ml) nos momentos 0, 2, 15, 17, 30 e 32 minutos. Os animais foram sedados com maleato de midazolam (0,5mg/kg) por via intramuscular e anestesiados com propofol (5,0mg/kg) por via intravenosa. Foram realizadas as mensurações das espessuras da Retina Total (RT), da Retina Neurossensorial (RN) e do Complexo de Células Ganglionares (CCG) há 2 milímetros (mm) do pécten em direção à fóvea, cujas médias foram 279,40 micrômetros (m), 255,90µm e 138,60µm, respectivamente. Estas médias foram comparadas com as médias encontradas em lâminas histológicas digitalizadas em microscópio automático de fluorescência e mensuradas com auxílio do software VS-ASW®, e foram obtidos os valores de 260,30µm para RT, 238,20µm para RN e 129,30µm para CCG, demonstrando alto coeficiente de correlação entre todas as medidas. As imagens permitiram demonstrar a anatomia da retina com visibilização e identificação de suas camadas, variações e anormalidades. Estes dados vêem auxiliar no diagnóstico e monitoramento de retinopatias nos papagaios-verdadeiros.Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) represents an important advance in the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular diseases nowadays, but in veterinary medicine, the use of the technique is still not widespread. The aim of this study in research was to use the OCT in the study of the retina of blue-front parrots (Amazona aestiva) healthy adults, aiming at its characterization, as well as to standardize the examination technique for the species. The retinal layers were evaluated, the thicknesses measured in different areas of the retina and the occurrence of variations was verified. Pupillary dilatation was obtained by instillation of a drop of rocuronium bromide (5mg/ml) at moments 0, 2, 15, 17, 30 and 32 minutes. The animals were sedated with midazolam maleate (0.5mg/kg) intramuscularly and anesthetized with intravenous application of propofol (5.0mg/kg). Measurements were made of thicknesses of Total Retina (RT), Retinal Neurosensory (RN) and Ganglion Cell Complex (GCC), distant 2 millimeters (mm) from the pecten towards the fovea, whose mean values were 279.40 micrometers (µm), 255.90µm and 138, 60µm, respectively. These averages were compared to the averages found on histological slides scanned in an automatic fluorescence microscope and measured with the aid of the VS-ASW® software, and obtained values of 260.30µm for RT, 238.20µm for RN and 129.30µm for GCC, demonstrating high correlation coefficient between all measurements. The images allowed to demonstrate the anatomy of the retina with visibility and identification of its layers, variations and abnormalities. These data aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of retinopathies in blue-front parrots.
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Miranda, Lucília Souza. "Evolução de Staurozoa (Cnidaria): inferências moleculares, morfológicas e de cnidoma." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41133/tde-26012015-153211/.
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Staurozoa é uma das cinco classes atuais do filo Cnidaria. Nesta tese, propomos um estudo integrado da evolução de Staurozoa englobando dados moleculares, morfológicos e de cnidoma. Visando abordar estes diferentes aspectos, este projeto teve como objetivos inferir (1) o relacionamento evolutivo entre as espécies de Staurozoa; (2) a evolução do plano corporal de Staurozoa; e (3) o significado taxonômico/evolutivo do cnidoma para classe. O capítulo \"Global diversity and phylogenetic systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)\" propõe uma hipótese filogenética para representantes da classe Staurozoa. Esta hipótese balizou uma extensa revisão da classificação do grupo. O estudo apresenta ainda uma revisão histórica da classe, incluindo dados de taxonomia, diversidade, distribuição geográfica e batimétrica, uso do substrato, alimentação, comportamento, ciclo de vida e conservação. No capítulo \"Evolution of the body plan in Staurozoa (Cnidaria): a comparative histological study\", a anatomia interna de 10 espécies foi analisada evolutivamente com base na nossa proposta filogenética molecular para a classe. Caracteres pouco estudados para o grupo foram detalhados de forma comparativa e suas possíveis funções discutidas. A evolução dos nematocistos em Staurozoa é analisada no capítulo \"Phylogenetic signal of nematocysts in Staurozoa (Cnidaria)\". Dados de 17 espécies foram analisados com base em nossa hipótese filogenética. Por meio de dados de morfometria tradicional e geométrica, concluímos que há um sinal filogenético significativo nos nematocistos dos tentáculos secundários, o que não ocorre no tipo de nematocisto encontrado nas baterias subumbrelares. A possível relação entre o sinal filogenético e o desenvolvimento dos nematocistos em Staurozoa é discutida, assim como possíveis pressões evolutivas envolvidas na presença e ausência de sinal filogenéticoStaurozoa is one of the five current classes of the phylum Cnidaria. In this Dissertation we propose an integrative study of the evolution of Staurozoa, encompassing molecular, morphology, and cnidome information. In order to address these different aspects, the general aims of this project are to infer (1) the evolutionary relationship between species of Staurozoa; (2) the evolution of the body plan in Staurozoa; and (3) the taxonomic and evolutionary meaning of cnidome for the class. The chapter \"Global diversity and phylogenetic systematics of stalked jellyfishes (Cnidaria: Staurozoa)\" presents a comprehensive phylogenetic hypothesis for representatives of the class Staurozoa. This hypothesis supported an extensive reassessment of staurozoan classification. The study also presents an historical review of the class, including information on taxonomy, diversity, geographical and bathymetric distribution, use of substrate, feeding, behavior, life cycle, and conservation. In the chapter \"Evolution of the body plan in Staurozoa (Cnidaria): a comparative histological study\", the internal anatomy of 10 species was evolutionarily analyzed based on our molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the class. Characters rarely studied for the group were comparatively described in detail, and their possible functions were discussed. The evolution of nematocysts in Staurozoa is analyzed in the chapter \"Phylogenetic signal of nematocysts in Staurozoa (Cnidaria)\". Data from 17 species were analyzed based on our phylogenetic hypothesis. Using traditional and geometric morphometric data, we concluded that there is a significant phylogenetic signal for the nematocysts from secondary tentacles, which was not observed for the nematocysts from white spots. The possible relationship of phylogenetic signal and development of nematocysts in Staurozoa is discussed, as well as the possible evolutionary pressures involved in the presence and absence of phylogenetic signal
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Sukekava, Flávia. "Estudo comparativo da remodelação das estruturas do rebordo alveolar após elevação do retalho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23146/tde-04072013-154653/.
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O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever e comparar algumas características das estruturas alveolares após cirurgia de elevação de retalho. Cinco cães beagle tiveram seus segundos e terceiros pré-molares superiores raspados e alisados com instrumentos manuais e ultrassônicos. Do lado direito da maxila (Grupo teste) um retalho total foi elevado sobre o segundo e o terceiro pré-molares, de maneira a expor o osso alveolar até a junção muco-gengival, durante 15 minutos. Após esse período, os retalhos foram irrigados com soro fisiológico e retornados às suas posições iniciais e mantidos em posição com fio de sutura reabsorvível. Na região contralateral (Grupo controle), dentes/gengiva permaneceram intactos. Após três meses de cicatrização, os animais foram ortotanasiados e biópsias contendo tecidos mole e duro ao redor dos dentes foram obtidas das áreas teste e controle. Os blocos de biópsias foram preparados para analise morfométrica. Sobre os cortes, foram obtidas medidas lineares de ambos os grupos nos tecidos mole e duro, sendo que essas medidas foram obtidas em um, três e cinco milímetros abaixo da junção cemento-esmalte para: espessura do osso alveolar propriamente dito e do osso alveolar, espessura do ligamento periodontal e somente sobre tecido mole: espessura e altura gengival, comprimento do epitélio juncional. Valores médios e desvio padrão foram calculados usando o animal como unidade estatística. Teste t de Student pareado foi utilizado sendo p<0.05 considerado como diferença estatisticamente significante. A análise morfométrica mostrou que noventa dias após elevação do retalho não havia mais sinais de modelação óssea e as dimensões dos tecidos moles e duros periodontais sofreram alterações, com diferença estatisticamente significante: espessura da gengiva supra-crestal e do osso alveolar propriamente dito e comprimento do epitélio juncional (p<0.05). Os resultados sugerem que após elevação do retalho, espessura da gengiva supra-crestal, bem como o comprimento do epitélio juncional e altura da crista óssea sofreram alterações em suas dimensões significativamente; osso alveolar propriamente dito tem espessura constante ao longo do osso alveolar e também representa grande parte do osso alveolar em sua porção mais próxima à junção cemento-esmalte.The aim of this study was to describe and to compare some characteristics of alveolar ridge structures after flap surgery. Five beagle dogs had their upper second and third premolars selected in both quadrants to be scaled and planned. On the right side (Test group) the buccal flap was elevated on the second and third premolar, exposing the alveolar bone, over the muco-gingival junction for 15 minutes. After that, the flaps were irrigated with saline and returned to the original position and sutured with bioabsorbable mattress. On the contra lateral side (Control group) the teeth and gingiva were maintained intact. After three months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed to provide biopsies containing soft and hard tissue around teeth. The biopsies were prepared for morphometrical analyses. At the sections some linear measurements were obtained from both groups over the soft tissue and one, three and five millimeters below the cement-enamel junction: bundle bone and alveolar bone thickness, periodontal ligament thickness. Only over the soft tissue: gingival thickness and height and junctional epithelium length were measured. Mean values and standard deviations were calculated using the dog as a statistical unit. Students t test was used (p<0.05). The morphometric analyses have shown that 90 days after flap elevation there were no signs of bone modeling; and the dimensions of hard and soft tissues surrounding teeth had changed: gingival and bundle bone thickness; junctional epithelium length (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results have shown that after flap elevation periodontal tissues had reduced permanently; thickness of keratinized gingiva, as well as junctional epithelium length and bone crest height suffered dimensional alterations; the bundle bone had a similar thickness along the alveolar bone and represented an important part of the alveolar crest close to the cementenamel junction.
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Spencer, Jasmine Rachael. "Telling animals : a histology of Dene textualized orature." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62154.
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In this dissertation, I create an interpretive framework based on deictic constructions to analyze Dene/Athabaskan poetics in four print collections of dual-language textualized orature— Denesułine/Chipewyan (Alberta), Dena’ina/Tanaina (Alaska), Dene Dháh/South Slavey (Alberta), and Diné Bizaad/Navajo (Southwest). Using this framework, I focus on the epistemological power of animals via the critical metaphor of animal tissue (muscle, bone, blood, and breath)—thus “histology.” My Introduction describes my framework. Chapter two, “‘Grandson, / This is meat’: Wolf and Caribou on How to Live in This Is What They Say,” focuses on ɂɛtθén, the word for both “meat” and “caribou,” and the homophonic relationship between meat and caribou. Chapter three, “‘I will be popular with the Campfire People, so ha, ha, ha’: Porcupine and Lynx on How to Love in K’tl’egh’i Sukdu/A Dena’ina Legacy,” on k’etch eltani, the prophetic practice of true belief. Chapter four, “‘What will you do now?’: Wolverine and Wolf on How to Die in ‘The Man Who Sought a Song,’” told by Elisse Ahnassay, on the (a)historical function of wodih, “news,” an oral genre that shapes the future. Chapter five, “‘If it floats, we will all live forever’: Coyote and Badger on How to Live Again in Diné Bahane’: The Navajo Creation Story,” on the reincarnational exchange figured by niłch’i bii’ sizinii, the inner wind. My Conclusion, “Histologies,” considers how the above concepts correspond to: flesh (ɂɛtθén), mind (k’etch eltani), breath (niłch’i bii’ sizinii), and bone (wodih): an animal that is a dream, a dream that is an animal. One of the primary ideas in my dissertation is the concept of narrative revitalization, which I define as cognate to and coeval with community practices of language revitalization, by comparing our conditions for who we are, how much space we believe ourselves to share, and how much time we have to share it in.Arts, Faculty of
English, Department of
Graduate
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Romero, Rodney Gray. "The histology of bone and its piezoelectric characteristics." Thesis, Kingston University, 1986. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20508/.
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An investigation into the effects of micro electric currents on the material of bone is presented along with a review of the ideas and concepts associated with bone’s response to load and the alleged piezoelectric phenomena. A comparison is made between the structure of bone, its strength and stress generated potential. Evidence is forwarded to show that micro currents may influence the behaviour of bone material and it is demonstrated that these effects may be understood through reference to the limiting molar conductivities of the ions in the material and the solutions used.
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Parland, William Keith. "Effects of chemical carcinogens on fish liver histology /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487265143148098.
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Cal, Josy Alvarenga. "Histologia do trato digestório do surubim-pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans - Agassiz, 1829)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10132/tde-01032007-180235/.
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O pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), também comumente chamado de surubim é um dos peixes mais apreciados pelo mercado consumidor brasileiro, devido à excelente qualidade do filé. No entanto, trabalhos sobre a morfologia do seu trato digestório são escassos. No presente trabalho, a descrição histológica do esôfago, estômago e intestino do pintado, visa contribuir e fornecer subsídios científicos para compreensão dos processos digestivos dessa espécie. Foram obtidas amostras do esôfago, estômago e de todas as regiões intestinais e posteriormente analisadas à microscopia óptica. No esôfago, observou-se epitélio de revestimento do tipo pavimentoso estratificado não-queratinizado, apresentando células epiteliais, mucosas e grande quantidade de células claviformes. A presença de células claviformes são indicadores de que este órgão está sujeito a lesão e lacerações, participando no sistema de defesa do organismo. O estômago do pintado constitui-se de um órgão em forma de J, distinguindo-se três regiões: cárdica, fúndica e pilórica. O epitélio de revestimento encontrado é do tipo colunar simples. A superfície epitelial é interrompida pelas criptas gástricas, no fundo das quais se abrem as glândulas gástricas, sendo estas criptas mais profundas na região cárdica ou proximal do estômago. As glândulas gástricas apresentam-se maiores e mais numerosas no segmento proximal, diminuindo em quantidade e tamanho no sentido caudal, o que está relacionado a uma maior demanda na secreção de muco para proteção e digestão de proteínas. O intestino do pintado constitui-se de três regiões distintas e denominadas: intestino proximal, intestino médio e intestino distal ou reto. No epitélio intestinal foram encontrados macrófagos e linfócitos indicando uma barreira celular de defesa no organismo. No intestino distal, observou-se epitélio com cutícula estriada mais baixa do que nos segmentos anteriores. Podemos concluir que o pintado apresenta características particulares quanto à estrutura microscópica do seu trato digestório, em alguns aspectos, se comparado a outros teleósteos.Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma coruscans), also commonly called surubim, is one of the most appreciated fish by the Brazilian consumer market, due to the excellent filet quality. However, works on the morphology of their digestive tract are scarce. In this work, the histological description of the esophagus, stomach and intestine of pintado, seeks to contribute and to supply scientific information for the better understanding of the digestive process of these species. Samples were obtained from esophagus, stomach and from all the intestinal areas and later analyzed with light microscope. In the esophagus, epithelium is stratified pavimentous type and was observed no queratinization, presenting epithelial cells, mucous membranes and great amount of club cells. The presence of club cells indicates that this organ is subjected to lesion and lacerations, participating in the organism defense system. The stomach of pintado is constituted of an organ in J form, being there distinguished three areas: cardic, fundic and piloric. The epithelium of the stomach is simple colunar type. The epithelial surface is interrupted by the gastric crypts, in the bottom of which opens up the gastric glands, being these deeper crypts in the cardic area or proximal of the stomach. The gastric glands come larger and more numerous in the proximal segment, decreasing in amount and size in the caudal way, what is related to a larger demand in the mucus secretion for protection and digestion of proteins. The pintado`s intestine is constituted of three different areas and denominated: proximal intestine, medium intestine and distal intestine or rectum. In the intestinal epithelium there were found macrophages and lymphocytes indicating a cellular barrier for the organism defense. In the distal intestine, epithelium was observed with cuticle grooved lower than in the previous segments. We can conclude that pintado presents private characteristics in relation to the microscopic structure of its digestive tract, in some aspects, if compared to other teleosts.
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Tagliavini, Vinícius Panciera. "Caracterização da biodiversidade dos mixozoários (Cnidaria:Myxosporea) parasitos de peixes do rio Batalha, médio rio Tietê, São Paulo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/153672.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Os parasitos do filo Myxozoa são endoparasitas obrigatórios que infectam peixes, anfíbios, répteis, mamíferos, aves aquáticas em diversas regiões do mundo, com mais de 2180 espécies descritas, estando entre os mais importantes patógenos de peixes, porém, pouco se conhece deste parasito em peixes do Brasil. Neste estudo foram realizadas coletas entre março e setembro de 2016, na qual foram coletados 30 exemplares de curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) e dezessete exemplares de lambari (Astyanax altiaparanae), oriundos do rio Batalha, em dois locais de coleta, um ponto de coleta no município de Reginópolis e outro ponto no município de Agudos, estado de São Paulo. Foram utilizadas análises morfológicas (microscopia de luz, histologia e análise ultraestrutural), técnicas de biologia molecular (PCR e sequenciamento) na descrição de duas espécies de Henneguya Duas espécies foram documentadas neste estudo, uma delas foi encontrada infectando o filamento primário da brânquia de P. lineatus e é descrita neste estudo como Henneguya prochilodus e outra espécie encontrada infectando o filamento secundário da brânquia de A. altiparanae, a qual foi proposto uma descrição expandida da Henneguya chydadea Barassa et al. (2003), previamente descrita utilizando análises morfológicas e histopatologia. Análise filogenética do gene 18S rDNA foi realizada para avaliar a relação filogenética dessas duas espécies de Henneguya com outras espécies de mixosporídeos da América do Sul e de outras regiões do mundo.
The Myxozoa parasites are obligate endoparasites that infect fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, waterfowl in several regions of the world, with more than 2180 described species, being among the most important fish pathogens, but little is known of this parasite in fish from Brazil. In this study were collected from March to September 2016, where 30 specimens of Curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) and seventeen specimens of lambari (Astyanax altiaparanae) from the Batalha River, in two collection sites, a collection point in the municipality of Reginópolis and another point in the municipality of Agudos, state of São Paulo. Morphological analyzes (light microscopy, histology and ultrastructural analysis), molecular biology techniques (PCR and sequencing) were used to describe two species of Henneguya. Two species were documented in this study, one of which was found infecting the primary filament of the gill of P. lineatus and is described in this study as Henneguya prochilodus and another species found infecting the secondary filament of the gill of A. altiparanae, which has been proposed an expanded description of Henneguya chydadea Barassa et al. (2003), previously described using morphological analysis and histopathology. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA gene was performed to evaluate the phylogenetic relationship of these two species of Henneguya with other species of myxosporids from South America and other regions of the world.
Capes: 20400004
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Jaffal, Ali. "Eco-physiologie des réponses aux stress chimiques chez le poisson en milieu naturel : cas des salmonidés des îles Kerguelen." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS001/document.
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Les îles Kerguelen (40°S, 70°E) renferment des écosystèmes d’eau douce parmi les plus isolés du monde des activités anthropiques directes. Le but de ce travail était d’étudier les facteurs bio-écologiques influençant les niveaux de bioaccumulation des contaminants chimiques dans les tissus des salmonidés des îles Kerguelen (truite commune, Salmo trutta et omble de fontaine, Salvelinus fontinalis) et les effets toxiques potentiellement associés. Nos travaux ont permis de démontrer que les teneurs hépatiques et musculaires en Cd et en Cu, mais aussi les teneurs musculaires en PCB étaient élevées et comparables à celles détectées chez des populations de salmonidés de zones géographiques plus anthropisées. Par ailleurs, des différences de contamination selon l’espèce, la saison et le morphotype (lac, rivière et base) ont été mises en évidence. L’analyse histologique des foies des truites a mis en évidence des atteintes hépatiques (fibrose, infiltration des cellules immunitaires, développement de centres mélanomacrophagiques) et hepatocytaires (nécrose, altérations nucléaires) nettes de l’ensemble des poissons étudiés qui révelent un état de stress important en cohérence avec les forts taux de toxiques dans cet organe. D’autre part, les biomarqueurs des défenses anti-oxydantes ont mis en évidence des différences entre les morphotypes étudiés. Par ailleurs, l’analyse de l’activité sérique de lysozyme a montré que ces salmonidés sont caractérisés par des niveaux de compétences immunitaires réduits. Les îles Kerguelen constitue un site atelier pour les études écotoxicologiques. Le suivi sur le long terme, devrait améliorer la connaissance des variations des réponses écophysiologiques des populations de poissons d'eau douce face à la pression chimique globaleThe Kerguelen Islands (40°S, 70°E) contain freshwater ecosystems among the most isolated from human activities in the world. The aim of this work was to study the bio-ecological factors influencing levels of chemical bioaccumulation in Kergueln salmonids tissue (brown trout, Salmo trutta and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis) and their potential toxic effects. Our work demonstrated that the hepatic and muscular Cu and Cd levels, and also, the muscular PCB levels were hight and similar to those of salmonids from impacted areas. Moreover, differences in contamination according to species, season and morphotype (lake, river and base) were noted. Histological analysis of trouts livers showed clear damage of liver (fibrosis, infiltration of immune cells, development centers mélanomacrophagiques) and of hepatocytes (necrosis, nuclear alteration) in all studied fish traducing an important level of stress consistently with the high concentration of toxicant in this organ. On the other hand, antioxidant defenses biomarkers revealed differences between the studied morphotypes. Moreover, analysis of serum lysozyme activity showed that these salmonids were characterized by reduced immune competences. Kerguelen Islands constitute a workshop site for ecotoxicological studies. The long-term monitoring should improve the knowledge of changes in eco-physiological responses of freshwater fish populations dealing with the global chemical pressure
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Guimarães, Gregório Corrêa [UNESP]. "Origem, ramificação e distribuição fascicular do nervo radial no braço do gato doméstico (Felis catus domesticus, Linnaeus, 1758)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89071.
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guimaraes_gc_me_jabo.pdf: 563420 bytes, checksum: a8ce8c937ab1384b5abf3b62e9caaf30 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Estudou-se a origem, a distribuição e a ramificação do nervo radial de 35 gatos domésticos adultos, 17 machos e 18 fêmeas, sem raça definida, mediante dissecações macro e mesoscópicas, após a fixação dos espécimes em solução aquosa de formaldeído a 10 %, e também realizou-se o exame histológico do referido nervo. O nervo radial mostrou-se polifasciculado desde sua origem até a divisão em ramos superficial e profundo. Originou-se do C6 ao T1 em 30 % dos exemplares e do C7 ao T1 em 70 % dos exemplares. Cedeu ramos musculares em todos os animais para os músculos tensor da fáscia antebraquial, tríceps braquial (cabeças longa, acessória, medial e lateral) e ancôneo, emitindo de 14 a 25 ramos nervosos nesta região. O ramo ventral do sexto nervo espinhal cervical difere significativamente (p<0,05) quando confrontado o sexo dos animais, além dos fascículos nervosos, de acordo com a região estudada. A estrutura histológica do nervo radial exibe três tecidos conjuntivos de sustentação. O epineuro é formado por tecido conjuntivo denso modelado e não modelado, e também por conjuntivo frouxo. Do epineuro partem septos epineurais, constituídos por conjuntivo denso não modelado e frouxo, rico em células adiposas. O perineuro reveste grupo de feixes nervosos formando os fascículos, possuindo de duas a quinze células justapostas concêntricas com núcleo fusiforme, citoplasma fino e alongado, diferenciando duas camadas, uma externa e outra interna. O espaço interlaminar da camada externa é preenchido por fibrilas colágenas e o da camada interna por fibrilas colágenas e reticulares. O endoneuro é constituído por tecido conjuntivo frouxo que circunda axônios predominantemente mielinizados, apresentando fibras colágenas e reticulares.
The origin, distribution and ramification of the radial nerve was studied in thirty-five(35) adult unknown domestic cats from both sexes(18 females and 17 males). The samples were fixed in 10 % formaldehyde solution. There were made macroscopical and mesoscopical dissections and a histological examination of the radial nerve. The radial nerve revealed itself polifasciculated from its origin until his division in superficial branch and deep branch. In 30 % of the samples the radial nerve starts from the C6 until the T1 and from the C7 until the T1 in 70 % of the samples. In all animals studied the radial nerve lends muscular branches to the m. tensor fasciae antebrachii, to the m. triceps brachii (long head, accessory head, medial head and lateral head) and the m. anconeus, emitting from 14 to 25 nervous branches in this region. Besides, according to the studied region, the nervous fascicules and the ventral branch of the sixth cervical spinal nerve differs significantly (p<0.05) between males and females. The histological structure of the radial nerve has three conjunctive tissues for sustentation. The epineurium is formed by dense modeled conjunctive tissue and by dense non-modeled conjunctive tissue and also by loose conjunctive tissue. Epineural septum break up from the epineurium. They are rich in adipose cells and are formed by dense non-modeled conjunctive tissue and by loose conjunctive tissue. The perineurium revests a group of nervous bundles. The perineurium has from two to fifteen juxtaposed cells. These cells are concentric and they have a fusiform nucleus, a thin and prolonged cytoplasm that is divided in two layers-an external and an internal. The interlaminar space is filled by collagen fibers in the external layer and by collagen and reticular fibers in the internal layer. The endoneurium is formed by loose conjunctive tissue that embraces predominantly myelinated axons...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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Lima, Magda Laiara Bezerra de. "OrganogÃnese in vitro em Jatropha curcas L." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9729.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorO pinhÃo manso (Jatropha curcas L.) à considerado uma fonte potencial para a produÃÃo de biocombustÃveis, tendo por base a alta produtividade e qualidade do Ãleo extraÃdo de suas sementes. Entretanto, seu uso à inviabilizado para alimentaÃÃo humana e animal devido à presenÃa de fatores antinuticionais como a curcina e, em especial, os Ãsteres de forbol. A utilizaÃÃo de ferramentas biotecnolÃgicas, como a cultura de tecidos, pode vir a minimizar ou solucionar essas limitaÃÃes. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi propagar in vitro plantas inteiras via cultivo de Ãpices caulinares obtidos a partir de sementes de pinhÃo manso germinadas in vivo e in vitro; determinar a reprodutibilidade de um protocolo de regeneraÃÃo disponÃvel na literatura e definir, atravÃs de estudos histolÃgicos, a origem da planta regenerada in vitro. Para a propagaÃÃo in vitro utilizou-se Ãpices caulinares, como explantes, que foram colocados em meio MS suplementado com as citocininas BAP (6-benzilaminoprina), KIN (cinetina) e 2-iP (2-isopenteniladenina) na concentraÃÃo de 2,0 mg.L-1. O BAP apresentou os melhores resultados no desenvolvimento dos Ãpices caulinares. Este e a giberelina foram utilizados juntos no mesmo meio ou separados, para a induÃÃo do alongamento dos mesmos. O Ãcido indol-3-butirÃco (AIB) foi usado para o enraizamento. A suplementaÃÃo do meio de cultura com BAP foi eficiente no desenvolvimento dos Ãpices caulinares e o alongamento apresentou Ãxito com o uso do GA3 individualmente. O enraizamento com o AIB foi conseguido. A fim de determinar a reprodutibilidade do protocolo de organogÃnese, cotilÃdones de sementes de pinhÃo manso germinadas in vitro foram colocados em meio MS suplementado com BAP e AIB para a induÃÃo da formaÃÃo de partes aÃreas, estas foram alongadas com BAP e enraizadas com AIB. AlÃm disso, os explantes cotiledonares foram colocados com a face abaxial e adaxial em contato com o meio de cultivo a fim de estabelecer a melhor posiÃÃo do mesmo na regeneraÃÃo in vitro. Plantas inteiras de J. curcas L. foram obtidas a partir da utilizaÃÃo do protocolo testado. A melhor posiÃÃo do segmento cotiledonar foi a face adaxial em contato com o meio, onde 56% dos explantes formaram partes aÃreas. A anÃlise histolÃgica foi feita com a coleta de explantes cotiledonares em intervalos sequenciais de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 25 dias de permanÃncia do meio de regeneraÃÃo. O estudo anatÃmico possibilitou o acompanhamento da organogÃnese do pinhÃo manso, no qual cÃlulas parenquimÃticas prÃximas à regiÃo adaxial do explante cotiledonar se dividiram e formaram as partes aÃreas. Os dados obtidos nesse trabalho mostraram que ambos os protocolos utilizados, a partir de Ãpices caulinares e de explantes cotiledonares, foram eficientes no processo de regeneraÃÃo; as anÃlises histolÃgicas sugerem que a regeneraÃÃo ocorre via organogÃnese direta e possivelmente apresenta origem multicelular.
The physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) is considered a potential source for the biofuel production, because of its high productivity and oil quality extracted from the seeds. However, its use is unfeasible for human and animal food due to antinutritional factors like the curcin protein and specially the secondary metabolites â phorbol esters. The application of biotechnological tools, like tissue culture, can be used to overcome these limitations. In this context, the aim of this work was to propagate whole plants in vitro using shoot cultures obtained from physic nut seeds germinated in vitro and in vivo; to determine the reproducibility of a regeneration protocol available in the literature, and to define through histological studies, the origin of the regenerated plant in vitro. For the in vitro propagation, shoots were used as explants sources, which were placed on MS medium supplemented with the cytokinins BAP (6- benzylaminopurine), KIN (kinetin) e 2-iP (2- isopentenyl adenine), 2,0 mg.L-1. BAP showed the best results in the development of the shoots. This regulator was used alone or in association with gyberelins for the elongation of the shoots. The indole-3-butyric-acid was used for the rooting. The supplementation of the medium culture with BAP was efficient in the development of the shoots and the elongation was superior with the use of GA3 alone. The rooting was achieved with AIB. To determine the reproducibility of an organogenesis protocol, cotyledons from physic nut seeds germinated in vitro were placed on MS medium supplemented with BAP and AIB for the promotion of aerial which were elongated with BAP and rooting with AIB. The cotyledonary explants were placed with the abaxial and adaxial face in contact with the medium to establish the best position of it in the in vitro regeneration. Whole plants of J. curcas L. were obtained using the protocol tested. The best position of the cotyledonar segment was the adaxial face in contact with the medium, where 56% of the explants formed shoots. The histological analysis was made with cotyledonary explants collected in sequential intervals of 0, 5, 10, 15 e 25 days of permanency in the regeneration medium. The anatomical study allowed the accompaniment of the organogenesis in physic nut, where parenchymal cells next to the adaxial region of the cotyledonar explants were divided and formed the shoots. The data obtained from this work showed that both protocols used, from shoots tips and cotyledonar explants, were efficient in the regeneration process; the histological analysis suggests that regeneration occurs via direct organogenesis and possibly presents multicellular origin.
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Tessaro, Lucelia [UNESP]. "Biologia reprodutiva de surubins do Iguaçu, Steindachneridion melanodermatum, em condições de cativeiro." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132160.
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000855105.pdf: 3849322 bytes, checksum: f0df905449fd64bc40f709ee0ee228a3 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Entender a dinâmica e os eventos reprodutivos de cada espécie é essencial para o controle e melhoria da reprodução em cativeiro. O surubim do Iguaçu faz parte um programa de repovoamento do rio Iguaçu e suas proles provêm de reprodução induzida, porém aspectos básicos de sua biologia reprodutiva, como idade em que acontece o primeiro ciclo de reprodução e os meses que representam o período reprodutivo, são desconhecidos ou pouco explorados. O trabalho foi conduzido a fim de levantar informações a respeito do desenvolvimento reprodutivo da espécie, em uma população de cativeiro. Foram utilizados peixes juvenis (n≈154), machos e fêmeas, a partir de um ano de idade que foram acompanhados, mensalmente, durante 24 e 36 meses, respectivamente. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes ao desenvolvimento gonadal, alterações celulares e flutuação de esteroides sexuais (estradiol e testosterona) ao longo do tempo. Nas condições do experimento, os animais apresentaram crescimento corporal e ganho de peso gradual. Fêmeas apresentaram desenvolvimento sexual tardio e permaneceram imaturas até 48 meses (4 anos de idade). Observou-se o desenvolvimento celular e alteração nos níveis de esteroides, que acompanharam os picos verificados para os machos. Os machos apresentaram ciclo reprodutivo do primeiro para o segundo ano de vida e todas as fases reprodutivas foram observadas. O padrão de desenvolvimento gonadal, aliado às modificações celulares e flutuação de esteroides indica o período reprodutivo dos machos nos meses de setembro a novembro (primavera)
Understand events and reproductive dynamics is essential for the appropriate management and control of reproductive function in captivity. The species, ―surubim do Iguaçu‖ is include in Iguaçu river reintroduction programs and offspring's were obtain by induce spawning, but reproductive biology aspects, as first maturation age and reproductive season are lower explored or no available. The research was realized to provide information about surubim's reproductive development, in captive conditions. Were evaluated juvenile individuals, with one year old, every month due 24 and 36 months, to male and female, respectively. Were evaluated gonad developments, cell modifications and steroids fluctuations (estradiol and testosterone), during all experimental time. The fish showed gradative growth and weight gain. Female present slow sexual development and stay in immature status after 48 months (4 years age). Cellular modifications and steroids elevation levels were verified, and peaked of steroids occur in same time of male peaked. Male showed reproductive cycle with two years old and all reproductive phases of were observed. The gonadal development with to cellular changes and steroids fluctuation indicates the breeding season the males in the months from September to November (spring)
FAPESP: 2012/01824-4
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Tessaro, Lucelia. "Biologia reprodutiva de surubins do Iguaçu, Steindachneridion melanodermatum, em condições de cativeiro /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132160.
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Orientador: Irani Quagio GrassiottoCoorientador: Robie Allan Bombardelli
Banca: Evoy Zaniboni Filho
Banca: Hugo Pereira Godinho
Banca: Sérgio Ricardo Batlouni
Banca: Laura Satiko Okada Nakaghi
Resumo: Entender a dinâmica e os eventos reprodutivos de cada espécie é essencial para o controle e melhoria da reprodução em cativeiro. O surubim do Iguaçu faz parte um programa de repovoamento do rio Iguaçu e suas proles provêm de reprodução induzida, porém aspectos básicos de sua biologia reprodutiva, como idade em que acontece o primeiro ciclo de reprodução e os meses que representam o período reprodutivo, são desconhecidos ou pouco explorados. O trabalho foi conduzido a fim de levantar informações a respeito do desenvolvimento reprodutivo da espécie, em uma população de cativeiro. Foram utilizados peixes juvenis (n≈154), machos e fêmeas, a partir de um ano de idade que foram acompanhados, mensalmente, durante 24 e 36 meses, respectivamente. Foram avaliados parâmetros referentes ao desenvolvimento gonadal, alterações celulares e flutuação de esteroides sexuais (estradiol e testosterona) ao longo do tempo. Nas condições do experimento, os animais apresentaram crescimento corporal e ganho de peso gradual. Fêmeas apresentaram desenvolvimento sexual tardio e permaneceram imaturas até 48 meses (4 anos de idade). Observou-se o desenvolvimento celular e alteração nos níveis de esteroides, que acompanharam os picos verificados para os machos. Os machos apresentaram ciclo reprodutivo do primeiro para o segundo ano de vida e todas as fases reprodutivas foram observadas. O padrão de desenvolvimento gonadal, aliado às modificações celulares e flutuação de esteroides indica o período reprodutivo dos machos nos meses de setembro a novembro (primavera)
Abstract: Understand events and reproductive dynamics is essential for the appropriate management and control of reproductive function in captivity. The species, ―surubim do Iguaçu‖ is include in Iguaçu river reintroduction programs and offspring's were obtain by induce spawning, but reproductive biology aspects, as first maturation age and reproductive season are lower explored or no available. The research was realized to provide information about surubim's reproductive development, in captive conditions. Were evaluated juvenile individuals, with one year old, every month due 24 and 36 months, to male and female, respectively. Were evaluated gonad developments, cell modifications and steroids fluctuations (estradiol and testosterone), during all experimental time. The fish showed gradative growth and weight gain. Female present slow sexual development and stay in immature status after 48 months (4 years age). Cellular modifications and steroids elevation levels were verified, and peaked of steroids occur in same time of male peaked. Male showed reproductive cycle with two years old and all reproductive phases of were observed. The gonadal development with to cellular changes and steroids fluctuation indicates the breeding season the males in the months from September to November (spring)
Doutor
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Macedo, Mirian Helena Hoeschl Abreu. "Atipias de significado indeterminado em células escamosas cervicais e diagnósticos histológicos na Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal /." Botucatu, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99211.
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Orientador: Agnaldo Lopes da Silva FilhoCoorientador: Isis Maria Quesado Soares Magalhães
Banca: Walquiria Quida Salles Pereira Primo
Banca: Paulo Sérgio França
Resumo: O presente estudo avaliou 99 pacientes com diagnóstico colpocitológico de células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC), no Distrito Federal (DF). No ano do estudo, foram realizadas 101.948 colpocitologias oncóticas (CO) na rede de saúde publica do DF. Destas, 1.454 correspondiam a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, possivelmente não neoplásicas (ASC-US) e 324 a células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado, quando não se pode excluir lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (ASC-H). Foram incluídas no estudo 99 pacientes com citologias de interesse, e realizadas biópsias de colo uterino cujos resultados histológicos revelaram 77 normais e 22 alterados com neoplasia intraepitelial de grau moderado ou maior (NIC2+), e colhidas novas colpocitologias. As novas colpocitologias foram analisadas na central de Citopatologia do DF, as colposcopias foram realizadas por um único observador, e os estudos histológicos por um mesmo patologista. Foram feitas 99 biópsias com os seguintes resultados: 77 normais e 22 com alterações evidenciando neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grau. Entre as colpocitologias iniciais com diagnóstico de ASC-H 50% apresentaram NIC2+ à histologia. A colposcopia mostrou sensibilidade e especificidade de 63,6% e 87,0% (IC 95%), respectivamente. Os valores preditivos positivos foram 6,66%, 26,30% e 9,09% (IC de 95% ) para a primeira colpocitologia, para a segunda colpocitologia e colposcopia. Os valores preditivos negativos foram, para os mesmos métodos diagnósticos 98,74%, 98,43% e 99,15%. Os fatores associados a presença de lesão NIC2+ foram tabagismo, estado civil, número de parceiros, uso de anticoncepcional hormonal, e início da vida sexual ativa entre 13 e 16 anos. Os resultados histológicos de ASC, tanto ASC-US como ASC-H... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The current study evaluated 99 patients diagnosed with vaginal smear atypical squamous cells (ASC) of underdetermined significance in the Federal District (FD). During the year of studies, 101,948 oncotic colpocytologies (OC) were undertaken in public service in the FD. Of these, 1,454 corresponded to atypical squamous cells of underdetermined significance, possible non-neoplasia (ASC-US), and 324 corresponded to atypical squamous cells of underdetermined significance when high grade intraepithelial neoplasia cannot be excluded (ASC-H). Patients with cytology interest were called. 99 biopsies were undertaken whose histological results revealed 77 normal and 22 altered with moderate or higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (NIC2+) and a new colpocytology was taken. The new colpocytologies were analyzed at the Cytology Central of the FD, the colposcopies and hystologies were carried out by a single observer, but different. Ninety-nine biopsies were done with the following results: 77 normal and 22 with changes showing high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (NIC2+). Among the initial colpocytology with a diagnosis of ASC-H, 50% showed NIC2+ at histology. Colposcopy showed a sensitivity and specificity of 63.6% and 87.0% (95%), respectively. Positive predictive values were 6.66%, 26.30% and 9.09% (IC of 95%) for the first colpocytology, for the second colpocytology and colposcopy. The negative predictive values were, for the same diagnostic methods 98.74%, 98.43% and 99.15%. Factors associated with lesion NIC2+ were smoking, marital status, number of partners, use of hormonal contraceptive and beginning of sexual activity between 13 and 16 years old. The histological results both of ASC-US, and ASC-H comprise a wide variety of diagnoses ranging from normal to severe lesions as carcinomas. This finding... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Chedid, Renata Alari. "Estudo morfológico e histoquímico do tubo digestivo de eleuteroembriões e larvas de Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1836) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86661.
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Orientador: Carlos Alberto VicentiniBanca: Maíra Aparecida Stefanini
Banca: Bruno Cesar Schimming
Resumo: Leporinus obtusidens apresenta características zootécnicas interessantes e promissoras para o cultivo em piscicultura. Na maioria das espécies cultivadas, as larvas, ao iniciarem a alimentação exógena, são organismos cujo desenvolvimento ainda não se completou, razão pela qual os órgãos digestivos não estão totalmente definidos e o conteúdo enzimático ainda é deficiente. As pesquisas com larvas de peixes apontam para a alimentação como o fator de maior importância a ser considerado durante o desenvolvimento inicial, pois os organismos estão na fase de diferenciação estrutural e funcional do sistema digestório. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as características histológicas e histoquímicas do tudo digestivo de Leporinus obtusidens nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento. As amostras foram fixadas em solução de Karnovsky e processadas para análises histológicas e histoquímicas. A eclosão dos eleuteroembriões de L. obtusidens ocorreu às 15 horas após a fertilização (28°C) e as reservas de vitelo foram observadas até 120 horas após a eclosão (HAE). A boca sofreu modificações na posição, passando de ventral para subterminal. Com relação ao esôfago, foi possível observar as primeiras células caliciformes com 48 HAE e a partir de 64 HAE intensa positividade ao PAS e ao AB. A partir de 30 HAE foi possível observar o primórdio do estômago, caracterizado pela substituição do epitélio esofágico estratificado por epitélio gástrico simples, com presença de poucas células caliciformes. Com 96 HAE foi observada intensa reação ao PAS no epitélio de revestimento do estômago, o que indica funcionalidade do órgão. Quanto ao intestino, foi observado um desenvolvimento lento, as primeiras células caliciformes foram observadas com 96 HAE. Os cecos pilóricos foram evidenciados... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Leporinus obtusidens husbandry has characteristics very interesting and promising for cultivation in aquaculture programs. Most of the cultivated species, the larvae begin to feed exogenously, are organisms whose metamorphosis is not complete, which is why the digestive organs are not fully defined and the enzyme content is still deficient. The studies with fish larvae feeding point to as the most important factor to be considered during early development, because the organisms are in the process of structural and functional differentiation of the digestive system. Thus the objective of this study was to analyze the histological and histochemical features of digestive L. obtusidens in all stages of development. Samples were collected in the Hydrobiology and Aquaculture Station of Companhia Energetica de São Paulo (CESP) Jupiá, SP. The samples were fixed in Karnovsky solution, processed for histological and immunohistochemical analysis. The outbreak of eleuteroembryo L. obtusidens occurred approximately 15 hours after fertilization (28 ° C) and the yolk reserves were observed up to 120 HAE. The mouth has undergone successive changes during development, the ventral position to the subterminal position. With regard to the esophagus, it was possible to observe the first goblet cells with 48 HAE and and starting at 64 HAE intense positivity to PAS and AB. From 30 HAE was possible to observe the beginnings of the stomach, characterized only by the substitution of an esophageal epithelium stratified by gastric epithelium simple with cuboidal cells, with little presence of goblet cells. Was observed with 96 HAE intense reaction to PAS in the epithelium lining of the stomach, indicating functionality of the organ. As the intestine, we observed a slow development, the first goblet cells were observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lee, Eva. "Site-specific differences in histology and causation of melanoma /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18935.pdf.
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Barrett, Stephanie. "The function, histology and classification of selected prioniodontid conodonts." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30441.
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The prioniodontids were the first to develop a functionally differentiated apparatus. The apparatuses of selected prioniodontid taxa are reconstructed by direct comparisons between elements from disjunct collections and those preserved in natural assemblages of Promissum pulchrum. These comparisons and evidence of internal morphology have enabled the recognition of homologous elements. Examination of prioniodontid hard tissues has provided a clearer understanding of conodont hard tissues. Polished sections have provided evidence of intergradation between white matter and hyaline tissues confirming their synchronous deposition. Also surface ornamentation is shown to be directly related to internal structure. Apparatus reconstructions and studies of internal and external wear patterns also reveal new evidence for element function. Elements occluded in a way broadly comparable to those of the ozarkodinid elements (Donoghue and Purnell, 1999a), though interlocking occlusion only occurs in association with a well formed blade. Where a blade is not developed, elements simply worked against each other, wearing down the oral surfaces. Phragmodus inflexus represents the second prioniodontid apparatus preserved as a natural assemblage and its architecture, presented here, differs markedly from that of Promissum. This has important implications for prioniodontid apparatus architecture, as the elements of Phragmodus are comparable to those typical of many prioniodontids not included with the balognathids. This may suggest that apparatuses of most prioniodontids had an ozarkodinid-like apparatus and that Promissum possesses a more derived plan. This new evidence is important for understanding phylogenetic relationships between prioniodontids. Realistic cladistic studies should be based on clearly understood homologous characters and it is hoped that in the future, cladistic analyses will draw from detailed data, such as those presented here.
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Powell, John Wellington. "Multiple Stain Histology of Skeletal Fractures: Healing and Microtaphonomy." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5835.
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The forensic examination of wounds is one of the key elements of analysis performed by forensic anthropologists and forensic pathologists. Gross examination and histological analysis can be used to determine the timing of the wound and its cause. While forensic pathologists are trained to analyze hard and soft tissue wounds, forensic anthropologists, bioarchaeologists, and paleopathologists, focus on hard tissue. Forensic anthropologists have the added benefit of potentially working with residual soft tissue and would benefit from the incorporation of microscopy techniques that take advantage of the soft tissue to better understand perimortem events. Little research has been published that examines if any healing processes, the defining characteristic of an antemortem wound that do not progress beyond the time of death, are preserved within the tissues beyond death and how long they may be visible.
The objectives of this study were to examine if the use of multiple stains will allow earlier visualization of healing processes in skeletal fractures than gross examination and to observe the length of time microscopic healing structures remain visible after death. A total of 224 slides from 19 specimens representing both fractured and un-fractured bones for control samples were taken from nine autopsied individuals at the Hillsborough County Medical Examiner's Office and analyzed using four stains: Hemotoxylin and eosin (H&E), trichrome, Prussian blue, and elastin stain. Slides were analyzed using a set of 14 scored variables and evaluated with nonparametric statistical tests and cluster analyses. H&E, trichrome, and elastin stains were useful in examining wound age and survival time categories were significantly different for presence of elastin and presence of hemorrhage. H&E and trichrome stains proved useful for observing residual healing structures after death and time cohorts after time of autopsy were significantly different for 11 variables. Results from this study support further testing with larger sample sizes, including samples with a wider range of survival time, to better predict survival times of fractures and time since death.
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Wintrich, Tanja [Verfasser]. "The plesiosaur: remarkable morphology, histology, and physiology / Tanja Wintrich." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1218301511/34.
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Fonsêca, Vitor Cortizo da. "Estudo morfométrico da retina de ratos expostos agudamente à fumaça de cigarro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5149/tde-17102014-101523/.
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Objetivo: Estudar as alterações morfométricas da retina de ratos expostos agudamente à fumaça de cigarro. Métodos: Em um estudo experimental, controlado, mascarado, foram utilizados 24 ratos Wistar machos (8 semanas de idade), sendo metade deles expostos por duas horas contínuas à fumaça de cigarro em uma câmara de inalação e a outra metade exposta a ar comprimido como grupo controle. A fumaça foi aspirada diretamente do cigarro utilizando um sistema venturi, e conduzida para a câmara. A concentração de monóxido de carbono no interior da câmara de inalação foi mantida em uma faixa constante de 45 a 55 partes por milhão, monitorada eletronicamente no interior do recipiente. Os ratos foram sacrificados imediatamente após a inalação e nos momentos 24 e 48 horas após exposição. Os olhos foram enucleados e analisados por meio da morfometria em microscópio óptico, por examinador mascarado. Resultados: Foram identificadas regiões da retina do grupo exposto que sofreram redução das estimativas morfométricas em comparação ao grupo controle, com significância estatística correspondendo às regiões dos fotorreceptores, camada nuclear interna e plexiforme interna 48 horas após a exposição. Comparando os grupos expostos entre si houve uma redução progressiva nas estimativas morfométricas das camadas retinianas com o aumento do intervalo entre o término da exposição e o sacrifício, de forma estatisticamente significante na camada nuclear interna. Conclusão: As retinas dos ratos expostos agudamente à fumaça de cigarro sofreram uma redução nas estimativas morfométricas, com uma tendência a redução progressiva nas estimativas no decorrer das primeiras 48 horas após exposiçãoObjective: To evaluate morphometric alterations of the retina, from rats acutely exposed do cigarette smoking. Methods: In an experimental, prospective, masked study with 24 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old), half of them were exposed during two hours continually to cigarette smoking inside an intoxicating chamber, while the other half exposed to compressed air. The smoke was aspirated directly from cigarette, using a venturi system, and conducted to the chamber. The carbon monoxide concentration was constantly kept in between 45 to 55 parts per million, electronically monitored inside de chamber. The rats were sacrificed immediately after the inhalation, 24 and 48 hours after exposition. The eyes were enucleated and analyzed trough morphometry, in an optical microscope, by a masked examiner. Results: It was identified regions of the retina in the experimental group that suffered a reduction in the morphometric estimates, comparing to control group, with statistical significance, corresponding to the photoreceptor layer, the inner nuclear and inner plexiform layers, 48 hours after exposure. Comparing the exposed groups between themselves, there was a progressive reduction in the morphometric estimates of retinal layers after an increase in time between finishing the exposure and sacrifice, with statistical significance in inner nuclear layer. Conclusion: The retina of rats acutely exposed to cigarette smoke suffered a reduction in the morphometric estimates, with a tendency to progressive reduction in the estimates during the initial 48 hours after exposure
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Poggiani, Franco Metzker [UNESP]. "Análise do sistema respiratório dos suínos por radiografia, broncoscopia e toracoscopia." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88985.
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poggiani_fm_me_jabo.pdf: 1405025 bytes, checksum: 22fc79f12e28b4a908cf9bba6c30d8e2 (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A utilização de novas técnicas complementares de imagem no auxílio diagnóstico das afecções respiratórias é fundamental à rotina clínica. As técnicas de endoscopia e vídeocirurgia são comuns em medicina humana, mas pouco empregadas na medicina veterinária. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal correlacionar os padrões pulmonares ilustrados em projeções radiográficas com as observações obtidas por meio da broncoscopia, toracoscopia, citologia e histologia de estruturas respiratórias de suínos. Secundariamente, relacionar os valores do peso, temperatura e do hemograma observados antes e após os procedimentos cirúrgicos. Foram utilizados 40 suínos da raça Landrace, machos ou fêmeas, com idade entre quatro a seis semanas. Os animais foram alocados em dois grupos denominados de grupo controle (Gc) e grupo doente (Gd). As mensurações do peso e temperatura e as colheitas de sangue foram realizadas em momentos pré-determinados. As imagens radiográficas, broncoscópicas e toracoscópicas foram categorizadas em escores de acordo com a severidade das lesões pulmonares. A análise estatística dos resultados permitiu estabelecer diversas correlações positivas e negativas entre as imagens radiográficas, broncoscópicas e toracoscópicas. A histologia e citologia possibilitaram caracterizar as alterações pulmonares. Logo, a radiografia deve ser utilizada na triagem de lesões pulmonares a serem investigadas por meio da broncoscopia e toracoscopia, visto que estes procedimentos permitiram a aquisição de imagens e fragmentos pulmonares para o exame histológico e não interferiram nos parâmetros fisiológicos dos suínos
Using of new complementary image techniques is important in diagnostic approach of respiratory diseases during clinical routine. Endoscopic and videosurgery techniques are commonly used in human medicine, however, they are poorly used in veterinary medicine. The main purpose of this research was to correlate pulmonary radiographic patterns with findings obtained by bronchoscopy, thoracoscopy, cytology and histology of the respiratory structures of swine. Moreover, correlate values of body weight, body temperature and blood count cells before and after surgery and anesthesia procedures. A total of 40 Landrace pigs, males or females, from 4 to 6 weeks were used. Animals were divided into two groups: control group (Gc) and sick group (Gd). Body weight, body temperature and blood samples were taken before and after surgery procedure. The radiographic, bronchoscopic and thoracoscopic images were categorized in scores, according to the severity of the observed lung lesions. Bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy provide better details of pulmonary lesions, mainly in the group of sick animals (Gd). Based on statistical analysis, it was possible to stablish positive and negative correlations among radiographic, bronchoscopic and thoracoscopic findings. Histological and cytological alterations were useful to evaluate pulmonary changes related. Therefore, radiography should be used as a screening method to identify pulmonary lesions to be investigated by bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy, since they add useful images images and lung samples for histopathological analysis and did not affect physiological parameters of pigs
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Diagone, Karen Vicente [UNESP]. "Histologia e morfometria dos testículos de gatos domésticos adultos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101120.
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Neste trabalho foram analisados histológica e morfometricamente testículos de 30 gatos distribuídos em três grupos (G) com idades reprodutivas diferentes, G1 (um a dois anos), G2 (maiores de dois a quatro anos) e G3 (maiores de quatro a seis anos), sem raça definida, e desprovidos de doenças reprodutivas. Após a orquiectomia, a gônada direita foi lavada em água corrente e fixada em solução Bouin durante 24 horas e processada rotineiramente para a inclusão em parafina. Foram realizados cortes semiseriados de 120 micrômetros (μm) com espessura de cinco micrômetros, corados pela Hematoxilina Eosina e fotomicrografados no aparelho Olympus Bx 50 CCD®. Os parâmetros morfométricos estudados a partir do sistema analisador de imagens (Image Pro-plus) foram as espessuras da camada albugínea (72 μm) e do epitélio seminífero (77,19 μm), perímetro (53,81; 90,57 μm) e (54,80; 101,07 μm), área (174,23; 494,55 μm2) e (176,68; 629,70 μm2), diâmetros máximo (14,94; 28,02 μm) e (14,76; 31,66 μm) e mínimo (13,25; 21,92 μm) e (13,30; 24,52 μm) e fator de forma (1,36; 1,36) e (1,39; 1,35) do núcleo e citoplasma das espermatogônias e células de Leydig respectivamente. O procedimento estatístico utilizado foi a ANOVA. Estes resultados podem ser utilizados em estudos comparativos com outros felinos, e contribuir com profissionais da área em relação a altura do epitélio seminífero e espessura da túnica albugínea e tamanho das espermatogônias e células de Leydig
It was carried out in this research histological and morphometric analyses of testes of 30 mixed breed cats distributed in three groups (G) according to their ages, G1 (1 to 2 years), G2 (> 2 to 4 years) and G3 (> 4 to 6 years) , without reproductive diseases. After the performance of the orchiectomy, the right testis of each animal was washed under running water for removal of blood excess, fixed in Bouin solution for 24 hours, submitted to routine histological processing. The blocks of all samples were cut into 5-μm thick sections and the testes were cut into five 120-μm semi-serial sections. The specimens were mounted on glass slides, stained with hematoxylin-eosin technique and the histological sections were examined and photographed under an Olympus BX50 photomicroscope. The following morphometric parameters were analyzed: thickness of the tunica albuginea (72 μm) and seminiferous epithelium (77,19 μm) of the seminiferous tubules. Nucleus and cytoplasm of type A spermatogonia and Leydig cells were also studied: perimeter (53,81; 90,57 μm) and (54,80; 101,07 μm), area (174,23; 494,55 μm2) and (176,68; 629,70 μm2), maximum diameter (14,94; 28,02 μm) and (14,76; 31,66 μm), minimum diameter (13,25; 21,92 μm) and (13,30; 24,52 μm) and roundness factor (1,36; 1,36) and (1,39; 1,35) respectively. All analyses were performed using ANOVA. These parameters could be used in comparative studies with another feline species, to improve information about the thickness of the seminiferous epithelium, tunica propria, spermatogonia and Leydig cells to help feline reproduction professionals
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Toledo, Carlos Eduardo Vieira [UNESP]. "Análises estatística multivariada e filogenética dos dipnoiformes brasileiros. Comparações bióticas com o Gondwana ocidental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103010.
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toledo_cev_dr_rcla.pdf: 4493239 bytes, checksum: a9396cac5f1c39ec395a824192597efa (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Dipnoiformes não têm sido particularmente bem estudados no Brasil, devido à falta de espécimens e da aparente distribuição paleobiogeográfica limitada. A descoberta de novas localidades mudou isto. No momento foram identificados Dipnoiformes nas seguintes bacias sedimentares brasileiras: Paraná, estados de Rio Grande do Sul (Triássico), Paraná (Permiano Superior), São Paulo (Permiano Superior), Mato Grosso (Devoniano); Bauru, Estado de São Paulo (Cretáceo Superior); Parnaíba, Estado do Maranhão (Permiano Inferior); Araripe, Estado de Ceará (Jurássico Superior/Cretáceo Inferior); São Luís-Grajaú, Estado do Maranhão (Cretáceo médio); Acre, Estado do Acre (Mioceno superior/Plioceno inferior). As maiores diversidades de Dipnoiformes são encontradas nas bacias de Paraná e São Luís-Grajaú. As espécies até o momento identificadas no Brasil são Neoceratodus sp., Ceratodus africanus, Asiatoceratodus tiguidiensis, Protopterus humei, Lepidosiren megalos e o Gênero Archaeoceratodus. Muitas destas espécies são encontradas no continente Africano e outras semelhantes na Austrália, evidenciando a troca faunística que ocorreu no Gondwana durante Paleozóico e Mesozóico. A Análise Estatística Multivariada foi utilizada como uma ferramenta para auxiliar na classificação de fósseis. Seu objetivo foi propor uma classificação para o material ainda não descrito formalmente, com base na grande variação morfológica observada nos espécimens, simultaneamente levando-se em conta as diversas variáveis morfométricas dos fósseis. A Análise Histológica corroborou a Análise Estatística, evidenciando a observação de dois conjuntos de placas, o primeiro relacionado às famílias Ceratodontidae e Neoceratodontidae, o segundo a Família Gnarthorizidae...
Dipnoiformes have not been very well studied in Brazil, due to the lack of specimens and apparent limited paleobiogeographical distribution. The discovery of new localities has changed this scenario. To date, Dipnoiformes have been identified in the following Brazilian sedimentary basins: Paraná, in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (Lower/Middle Triassic), Paraná (Upper Permian), São Paulo (Upper Permian), and Mato Grosso (Devonian); Bauru, in the State of São Paulo (Upper Cretaceous); Parnaíba, in the State of Maranhão (Lower Permian); Araripe, in the State of Ceará (Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous); São Luís-Grajaú, in the State of Maranhão (middle Cretaceous); Acre, in the State of Acre (upper Miocene/lower Pliocene). The largest Dipnoiformes diversities are found in the Paraná and São Luís-Grajaú basins. The species until now identified in Brazil are Neoceratodus sp., Ceratodus africanus, Asiatoceratodus tiguidiensis, Protopterus humei, Lepidosiren megalos and the Genus Archaeoceratodus. Many of these species are found in Africa and Australia, evidencing the faunistic changes in Gondwana during Paleozoic and Mesozoic era. The Multivariate Statistical Analysis was used as a tool to aid in the classification of the fossils. The main objective of this analysis was to propose a classification for the material not described formally, based on the great morphologic variation observed in the specimens, simultaneously taking into account the several variables morfometrics of the fossils. The Histological Analysis corroborated the Statistical Analysis, allowing the identification of two groups of dental plates, the first related to the families Ceratodontidae and Neoceratodontidae, the second to the Family Gnarthorizidae. A Phylogenetic Analysis is presented and sustained by the characteristics... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Santos, Regina de Fátima Mazaro dos. "Parâmetros biofísicos e morfométricos dos ossos, músculos e cartilagens articulares de frangos de corte saudáveis e com discondroplasia tibial /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134380.
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Orientador: Silvana Martinez Baraldi ArtoniCoorientador: Lizandra Amoroso
Banca: Cristiane Soares da Silva Araújo
Banca: Selma de Fátima Grossi
Banca: Taís Harumi de Castro Sasahara
Banca: Mario Jefferson Quirino Louzada
Resumo: Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar morfometricamente o tecido ósseo, muscular e cartilaginoso presentes nas articulações tibiotársicas e tarsometatársicas dos membros pélvicos direito e esquerdo, bem como a avaliação macroscópica e histológicados músculos e cartilagens, além de se investigar a densidade mineral óssea e a resistência óssea, de frangos de corte normais e com discondroplasia tibial. Foram utilizados 22 frangos de corte Cobb, com 42 dias de idade, distribuídos em dois tratamentos, que consistiram em dez aves normais e doze com discondroplasia tibial. Os dados foram analisados pelo software SAS. Os resultados evidenciaram que a perda do peso corporal e do membro pélvico de aves discondroplásicas evidenciam comprometimento sistêmico dos frangos e o desuso dos membros, o que acarreta em prejuízos econômicos ao descartar as aves afetadas. As diferenças estruturais observadas pelo aumento de peso em determinados músculos em detrimento de outros mostram que existe uso excessivo de alguns músculos em aves acometidas pela discondroplasia tibial resultando em alterações na marcha dos animais. Os parâmetros de crescimento e qualidade óssea do tibiotarso e metatarso de frangos de corte são influenciados negativamente pela discondroplasia tibial, no entanto, essa enfermidade não afeta a densidade mineral óssea e a resistência óssea dessas aves.O comportamento cartilagíneo observado no presente experimento caracteriza mecanismo compensatório com maior número de condrócitos em aves acometidas pela discondroplasia tibial, evidenciando uma resposta compensatória em relação às alterações morfofisiológicas dos ossos e músculos
Abstract: This study aimed to analyze morphometric bone, muscle and cartilage tissues present in the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsal articulation of right and left hind limbs, to perform macroscopical and histological examination of muscles and cartilage, and to investigate bone mineral density and bone strengthin normal broiler chicks presenting tibial dyschondroplasia. A total of 22 Cobb broiler chicks with 42 years of age were enrolled into two experimental groups, which consisted of 10 normal birds and 12 chicks presenting tibial dyschondroplasia. Data obtained were analyzed by SAS software. The results showed that the body weight and hindlim blosses in chicks with tibial dyschondroplasia had evident systemic involvement and disuse members, which results in economic losses due to discard of affected chicks. Structural differences observed and caused by weight gain in certain muscles showed that there was an overuse of certain muscles in birds with tibial dyschondroplasia resulting in gait disturbance in those birds. The growth, tibiotarsus and metatarsa bones quality parameters in broiler chicks are negatively influenced by tibial dyschondroplasia, however, this disease does not affect bone mineral density and bone strength of these birds. The cartilage behavior observed in this experiment characterized a compensatory mechanism involving a largest number of chondrocytes in birds affected by tibial dyschondroplasia, indicating a compensatory response in relation to morphological and physiological changes in the bones and muscles
Doutor
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Fernando, Juliana Aparecida. "Estudos anatomicos e ultra-estruturais da organogenese in vitro de Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314876.
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Orientador: Beatriz Appezzato-da-GloriaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: As células dos meristemóides são responsáveis pela expressão da via organogênica in vitro. Esses meristemóides podem ser formados no explante ou no calo originado do explante, caracterizando a organogênese direta e indireta, respectivamente. Tendo em vista que a organogênese in vitro é um pré-requisito ao desenvolvimento de estratégias de micropropagação e à transformação genética de plantas, o monitoramento histológico e ultra-estrutural das células envolvidas nesse processo de regeneração fornece subsídios para a otimização desses protocolos. Nesse contexto, a população FB ¿ 100 de Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. foi avaliada quanto ao processo de diferenciação dos meristemóides, à fonte de explante e à adição de água de coco ao meio de cultura. Para análises dos meristemóides, explantes foliares e hipocotiledonares foram inoculados em meio de cultura MS contendo 1,0 mg L-1 de BA e 5% de água de coco. Os estudos anatômicos dos explantes hipocotiledonares mostraram que os meristemóides eram formados a partir da camada epidérmica e das subepidérmicas. Os meristemóides originaram primórdios foliares e, esporadicamente, gemas. Em geral, os meristemóides continuavam o processo de divisão originando protuberâncias. Essas protuberâncias eram constituídas pela camada epidérmica e pelas subepidérmicas meristemáticas e células centrais parenquimáticas, sendo que somente as células periféricas eram capazes de originar gemas. Nos explantes foliares, o processo era similar ao descrito para os explantes hipocotiledonares. Porém, a camada epidérmica e as subepidérmicas das protuberâncias não eram definidas e o número de gemas formadas foi significativamente inferior ao obtido utilizando-se os explantes hipocotiledonares. Portanto, as análises estruturais e as análises estatísticas confirmaram a superioridade do explante hipocotiledonar em relação ao foliar. Os explantes hipocotiledonares desenvolveram um pequeno calo na superfície seccionada do explante. As camadas periféricas desse calo formaram meristemóides que originaram primórdios foliares, gemas esporádicas ou continuaram a se dividir formando protuberâncias. No presente trabalho foi caracterizada a ultra-estrutura das células das protuberâncias formadas diretamente nos explantes hipocotiledonares e aquelas originadas no calo. Os estudos mostraram que nas células meristemáticas das protuberâncias diretas o núcleo apresentou formato circular. Por sua vez, nas protuberâncias formadas no calo, o envoltório nuclear exibia grande quantidade de poros, profundas invaginações e fragmentação nuclear, caracterizando o processo amitótico. As análises ao microscópio eletrônico de varredura dos explantes hipocotiledonares inoculados em meio MS contendo 1,0 mg L-1 de BA suplementado ou não com 5% de água de coco mostraram que as gemas e as protuberâncias obtidas em ambas condições de cultivo apresentaram as mesmas características estruturais
Abstract: Meristemoids are responsible for the in vitro organogenesis expression. They may be formed from the explant (direct organogenesis) or from callus (indirect organogenesis). Once in vitro organogenesis is a prerequisite for developing micropropagation strategies and genetic transformation in plants, the ultrastructural analysis of the cells involved in such regeneration provides basic information that optimize protocols. In this context, FB - 100 population of Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg. was evaluated as to the meristemoids differentiation, the source of explant and the coconut water supply to the culture medium. Meristemoids were analysed from leaf and hypocotyledonar explants cultured in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BA and 5% coconut water. The histological analyses of the hypocotyledonar explants showed that meristemoids arose from epidermal and subepidermal layers. Meristemoids originated leaf primordia and, sometimes, buds. In general, meristemoids continued dividing, forming protuberances. Such protuberances consisted of meristematic epidermal and subepidermal cells, as well as central parenchymatic cells, although only peripheral layers of the protuberances originated buds. In leaf explants, this process was similar to the processes described for hypocotyledonar explants. However, epidermal and subepidermal layers of protuberances on leaf explants were not well-defined and the number of buds originated from leaf explants was significantly smaller than the number of buds from hypocotyledonar explants. Structural and statistical evaluations confirmed that the hypocotyledonar explants were better than leaf explants. Hypocotyledonar explants developed a callus in the cut region surface. Peripheral layers of the callus formed meristemoids that gave rise to leaf primordial and buds, or continued dividing to form protuberances. This work characterized the ultrastructure of protuberance cells originated directly on the hypocotyledonar explants, as well as those originated on callus. Meristematic cells of direct protuberances showed spherical nucleus. On the other hand, in indirectly-formed protuberances the nuclear envelope showed a large number of nuclear pore complexes, deep invaginations and nuclear fragmentation characterizing the amitotic process. Analyses under scanning electron microscope of the hypocotyledonar explants cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L-1 BA and either with or without 5% coconut water did not evidence structural differences between buds and protuberances. The quantitative evaluation demonstrated that coconut water was efficient to increase the number of buds
Doutorado
Biologia Vegetal
Doutor em Biologia Vegetal
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Pinto, Marcelo Roberto. "Osteointegração de blendas de PLDLA/PCL : estudo in vitro e in vivo." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263821.
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Orientador: Eliana Aparecida de Rezende DuekDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Os polímeros bioreabsorvíveis apresentam grande potencial de uso biomédico, pois são geralmente, fáceis de processar e apresentam características mecânicas semelhantes aos dos materiais biológicos, como é o caso do poli(L-ácido lático) amplamente estudado nas últimas décadas. Uma maneira de modificar as propriedades de um homopolímero para aplicações ortopédicas é a obtenção de blendas, visando melhorar suas propriedades comparando-se aos polímeros puros. Contudo, esse trabalho tem por objetivo: 1 ) avaliar a degradação in vitro das blendas de PLDLA/PCL, nas proporções 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 e 70/30 e caracterizá-las através de análises de MEV, DSC, GPC e ensaio mecânico antes e após degradação das amostras em tampão fosfato. 2) realizar o estudo in vivo. Os resultados in vitro, revelaram que até o período de 180 dias, todos os materiais estudados (PLDLA/PCL) nas composições 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 e 70/30, a partir das análises de DSC, MEV e ensaio mecânico apresentaram discretos sinais de degradação, e após o período de 180 dias todos os materiais apresentavam se degradados. Das análises realizadas, o GPC foi a mais sensível, ou seja, embora se verifique perda de massa molar, as propriedades térmicas são estáveis, o mesmo pode ser obervados nas análises de DSC. As propriedades mecânicas das blendas não apresentaram alterações significativas até 180 dias de degradação, revelando que a blenda torna-se mais elástica e menos frágil com a adição de PCL. As análises de MEV reveleram uma discreta degradação da blenda 70/30 em 180 dias e completa degradação de todas as amostras após 220 dias. A partir do estudo in vitro, escolheu-se as blendas (PLDLA/PCL) 100/0 e 70/30 para o estudo in vivo. Os resultados revelaram que o grau de organização tecidual se estabeleceu em função do período de implante. Até o período de 180 dias não houve diferença in vivo relevante entre os pinos de PLDLA puro e da blenda PLDLA/PCL (70/30). Nesse experimento os cortes histológicos revelaram ausência de células inflamatórias e reações de corpo estranho na interface óssea em períodos mais longos de implantes. Foi predominante a presença de células ósteo-progenitoras povoando a interface por tecido mineralizado ao redor dos polímeros
Abstract: Bioreabsorbable polymers present great potential in biomedical applications, because they are usually, easy to process and they present a similar biological mechanical characteristics, as it is the case of poly(L- lactic acid) very studied in the last decades. A way to modify the properties of a homopolymer for orthopedic applications is obtention of blends, aiming to improve their properties compared to the pure polymers. The aim of this study was: 1) to evaluate the in vitro degradation of PLDLA/PCL blends, in the 100/0, 90/10, 80/20 and 70/30 compositions and to characterize them by SEM, DSC, GPC analyses and mechanical properties before and after degradation process phosphate buffer. 2) to accomplish the in vivo study. The in vitro results by DSC, SEM and mechanical properties until 180 days, for all the blends, presented a discreet degradation signals, and after this period, all the materials presented degraded. GPC analyses, was the most sensitive compared with others, in other words, although loss of molar mass was verified, the thermal properties are stable. The same behavior was seen in DSC analyses. The mechanical properties of blends did not present significant modifications up to 180 days of degradation, showing that with the largest addition of PCL, the blends became more elastic and less fragile. SEM analyses showed a discreet degradation of 70/30 blends in 180 days and complete degradation process for all the blends after 220 days. Based in in vitro study the 100/0 and 70/30 blends were chosen to be implanted. The results revealed that the degree of tissue organization was function of implanted time. Until the 180 days of implantation there was not differentiates relevant in vivo between pure PLDLA and the 70/30 blends. In that experiment the histological cuts revealed absence of inflammatory cells and foreign body cells reaction in the bone interface in longer periods of implants. It was predominant the ósteo-progenitors cells populating the interface, surrounded by mineralized tissue around of polymers
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Rebechi, Giseli. "Avaliação da histocompatibilidade do implante de ácido glicólico/ácido lático (PLGA) na laringe de coelhos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17151/tde-17042018-141102/.
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Introdução: Diversas afecções laríngeas exigem o uso de enxertos para correção de insuficiências anatômicas ou de múltipla aplicação de fármacos para controle da doença. Alguns bioimplantes, especialmente aqueles com propriedades de liberação controlada de drogas, podem ser úteis no tratamento dessas afecções laríngeas, como a papilomatose laríngea. O poli ácido lático-co-glicólico (PLGA), tem sido bastante testado em aplicações intraoculares e topicamente na cavidade nasal, com resultados bastante promissores. No entanto, um implante de PLGA nunca foi avaliado quanto à sua biocompatibilidade em tecidos laríngeos. Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações histológicas decorrentes da aplicação de PLGA em laringes de coelhos. Materiais e Métodos: Grupos de sete a oito coelhos foram sacrificados em diferentes tempos pós-manipulação cirúrgica (1, 2, 4 e 8 semanas), comparando o lado implantado com PLGA e o lado sham-operado. Os achados histopatológicos foram comparados entre os dois grupos em cada tempo cirúrgico, assim como foi avaliada a diferença comparada a laringes não manipuladas. Resultados: A implantação de PLGA promoveu maior infiltração de células inflamatórias, indução de fibrose e neovascularização até a 4ª semana pós-operatória avaliada. No entanto, após oito semanas de evolução, as hemilaringes implantadas com PLGA se apresentaram semelhantes às laringes sham-operadas, ou mesmo não manipuladas cirurgicamente, com retorno quase que completo às condições basais. Por outro lado, não houve diferença da quantidade de depósito de colágeno tipo I e III nas hemilaringes implantadas com PLGA, em nenhum dos tempos avaliados. Conclusão: O implante de PLGA parece ser seguro para aplicações intralaríngeas, produzindo reações inflamatórias nas quatro primeiras semanas, mas que são reversíveis em oito semanas.Introduction: Several laryngeal affections require the use of grafts to correct anatomical insufficiencies or multiple application of drugs to control the disease. Some bioimplants, especially those with controlled drug release properties, may be useful in the treatment of such laryngeal conditions, such as laryngeal papillomatosis. Poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), PLGA, has been widely tested in intraocular and nasal cavity applications, with very promising results. However, a PLGA implant has never been assessed for its biocompatibility in laryngeal tissues. Aim: To evaluate the histological changes resulting from the application of PLGA in rabbit larynx. Materials and Methods: Groups of 7-8 rabbits were sacrificed at different postsurgical times (1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks), comparing the implanted side with PLGA and the sham-operated side. Histopathological findings were compared between the two groups at each surgical time, as was the difference compared to the non-surgically manipulated larynx. Results: PLGA implantation promoted a higher infiltration of inflammatory cells, induction of fibrosis and neovascularization until the 4th postoperative week evaluated. However, after 8 weeks of evolution, PLGA implanted hemilarynx were similar to sham-operated or even non-surgically manipulated larynx, with a complete return to baseline conditions. On the other hand, there was no difference in the amount of collagen deposition type I and III in the hemilarynx implanted with PLGA, in none of the evaluated times. Conclusion: The PLGA implant appears to be safe for intralaryngeal applications, producing inflammatory reactions in the first 4 weeks, but which are reversible within 8 weeks.
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Castro, Daniel Sartorelli Marques de. "Análise das características microscópicas do tecido peri-implantar em diferentes tipos de conexão protética em implantes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25135/tde-11102007-110419/.
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As características microscópicas do tecido peri-implantar ao redor de diferentes tipos de interface protética para implantes foram avaliadas por meio de análise histológica, 10 pacientes portadores de prótese sobre implantes do tipo protocolo foram selecionados com base nos critérios de inclusão e divididos em dois grupos, com o grupo I formado por cinco pacientes portadores de implantes com interface do tipo hexágono externo e o grupo II formado por cinco pacientes com implantes com interface do tipo cone morse. Foram coletadas amostras de tecido gengival que estava em contato direto com o componente protético através de um procedimento cirúrgico, sendo coletada uma amostra de cada paciente, todas as amostras foram armazenadas em frascos contendo formalina a 10% e enviadas ao laboratório para a realização da análise. Na análise foram observados o grau de organização tecidual, presença e intensidade da inflamação e o grau de fibrosamento. As cinco amostras do grupo I apresentavam hiperplasia do epitélio, sendo todas classificadas como grau 2, todas mantinham sua integridade, sendo classificadas como preservadas, nenhuma das amostras deste grupo apresentavam ataque de células inflamatórias ao epitélio. Na análise do tecido conjuntivo, quatro amostras deste grupo apresentavam-se normais, sem a presença de inflamação, apenas uma das amostras apresentava sinais de inflamação, sendo a mesma classificada como moderada, todas as amostras apresentavam seu conjuntivo organizado, avaliando o grau de fibrosamento, duas amostras foram classificadas como grau 3, duas como grau 2 e uma amostra como grau 1, uma amostra deste grupo possuía fragmentos de cemento radicular envolto por fibras colágenas. No grupo II, quatro amostras apresentavam hiperplasia do epitélio, sendo classificadas como grau 2, apenas uma amostra encontrava-se livre de hiperplasia, quando foi avaliada a integridade do epitélio, três amostras foram classificadas como preservado e duas classificadas como desorganizadas,com a presença de células inflamatórias no interior do epitélio. Três amostras deste grupo apresentavam ataque de células inflamatórias ao epitélio. Na análise do tecido conjuntivo, todas as amostras foram classificadas como organizadas, com quatro das amostras apresentando sinais de inflamação, com intensidade classificada como grau 3 em duas amostras e como grau 2 em outras duas amostras, apenas uma amostra foi classificada livre de inflamação. Foram encontrados corpúsculos hialinos de Russel em três amostras. Avaliando o grau de fibrosamento, três amostras foram classificadas como grau 2 e duas como grau 3, foram encontrados fragmentos de cemento radicular em uma das amostras deste grupo. Na análise estatística não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para as variáveis hiperplasia, fibrosamento e intensidade da inflamação quando avaliadas separadamente, quando a interação das três variáveis foi avaliada, também não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes, tendo os dois grupos apresentado resultados muito próximos. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo, não foi possível afirmar que a presente metodologia permite estabelecer que um sistema de implante pode fornecer uma melhor condição ao tecido peri-implantar ao seu redor quando comparado ao outro sistema.The microscopic characteristics of the peri-implant soft tissue around different types of prosthetic interface for implants has been evaluated by means of histological analysis, 10 patients carrying implant supported bridges has been selected on the basis of the inclusion criteria and divided in two groups, with group I formed by five patients with external hexagon interface type implants and group II formed by five patients with morse taper interface type implants. Gingival soft tissue samples that were in direct contact with prosthetic component have been collected through a surgical procedure, being a sample of each patient, all the samples had been stored in bottles containing 10% formaldehyde and sent to the laboratory for the accomplishment of the analysis. In the analysis, the degree of tissue organization, presence and intensity of the inflammation and the degree of fibrosity has been observed. The five samples of group I presented hyperplasia of the epithelium, being all classified as degree 2, all kept its integrity, being classified as preserved, none of the samples of this group presented attack of inflammatory cells to the epithelium. In the analysis of the connective tissue, four samples of this group were presented normal, without the inflammation presence, only one of the samples presented signals of inflammation, being classified as moderate one, all the samples presented its connective tissue organized, concerning the fibrosity degree, two samples had been classified as degree 3, two as degree 2 and a sample as degree 1, and a sample of this group possessed radicular cementum fragments wrapped by collagen fibers. In group II, four samples presented hyperplasia of the epithelium, being classified as degree 2, only one sample was free of hyperplasia, when the integrity of the epithelium was evaluated, three samples had been classified as preserved and two classified as disorganized, with the presence of inflammatory cells in the interior of the epithelium. Three samples of this group presented attack of inflammatory cells to the epithelium. In the analysis of the connective tissue, all the samples had been classified as organized, with four of the samples presenting signals of inflammation, with classified intensity as degree 3 in two samples and as degree 2 in others two samples, only one sample was classified free of inflammation. Russell\'s corpuscles have been found in three samples. Evaluating the fibrosity degree, three samples have been classified as degree 2 and two as degree 3, radicular cementum fragments were found in one sample of this group. In the statistics analysis statistical no significant differences were found for the variable hyperplasia, fibrosity and intensity of the inflammation when evaluated separately. When the interaction of the three variables was evaluated, also no statistical significant differences were found, having the two groups presented very close results. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, it was not possible to affirm that the present methodology allows to establish that an implantation system can provide better condition to the peri-implant soft tissue surroundings when compared with the other system.
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Castro, Daniel Sartorelli Marques de. "Avaliação do direcionamento e angulação das fibras de colágeno ao redor de implantes do tipo cone morse e hexágono externo sob luz polarizada em cães." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25146/tde-12062012-145041/.
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Foram avaliados o direcionamento e as características das fibras colágenas ao redor de dois diferentes tipos de implantes, cone Morse e hexágono externo. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética no ensino e pesquisa em animais da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, recebendo o protocolo de número 03/2008. Foram instalados 42 implantes em sete cães, sendo 14 do tipo hexágono externo (Osseotite - 3i, USA ) e 28 do tipo Cone Morse ( Titamax EX CM Neodent, Brazil ), todos receberam componentes protéticos, seguindo o protocolo de carga imediata, após 4 meses, todos os animais foram sacrificados e as amostras coletadas e processadas pelo sistema Exakt. Para a avaliação do direcionamento das fibras colágenas foram avaliadas 18 amostras, que foram observadas em um microscópio óptico, sobre a influência de luz polarizada. No grupo hexágono externo foram encontradas fibras colágenas oriundas do epitélio alveolar correndo paralelamente a superfície do implante e seu componente protético, em algumas amostras se uniam a outros grupos de fibras e se direcionavam a região das roscas do implante. Foram encontradas fibras que poderiam ser classificadas como perpendiculares em apenas 3 amostras, localizadas abaixo da plataforma protética, não foram observados sinais de inserção das fibras nas regiões do cilindro de proteção ou componente rotético, apenas abaixo da plataforma do implante. Ao redor das amostras do grupo cone morse, foram encontrados grupos de fibras que corriam paralelamente a superfície do componente protético, em direção a plataforma do implante. Em 6 amostras deste grupo, foram observadas fibras que foram classificadas como obliquas ou perpendiculares, distribuídas lateralmente a região mais profunda do componente protético, apresentando sinais de inserção, não foram observadas fibras se inserindo diretamente ao implante. Quando observamos os valores correspondentes aos dois grupos avaliados, podemos observar a maior predominância de fibras classificadas como paralelas-obliquas no grupo I, com 16 amostras, duas outras amostras deste grupo poderiam ser classificadas como obliquas. No grupo III, a maior predominância das amostras se encontram classificadas como obliquas, com 11 amostras, outras 5 amostras deste grupo podem ser classificadas como obliquasperpendiculares, o grupo Cone Morse apresentou um valor de 70,20 graus para a face vestibular e 54,73 graus para a face lingual, o grupo Hexágono externo, apresentaram valores médios de 19,88 graus para a face vestibular e 21,92 graus para a face lingual. Baseado na metodologia empregada e nos resultados encontrados, podemos concluir que o tipo de interface protética parece influenciar o comportamento do tecido conjuntivo e que a maior estabilidade fornecida pelos implantes que utilizam interface cônica, parece permitir a inserção de fibras de colágeno diretamente ao componente protético, proporcionando uma melhor estabilidade tecidual e proteção aos implantes.This study aims to evaluate the presence and orientation of the collagen fibers around two different implant types. 42 implants were installed in seven dogs, 14 external hexagon (Osseotite - 3i, USA) and 28 cone morse (CM Titamax EX - Neodent, Brazil), all received prosthetic components, following the immediate loading protocol. After 4 months of healing, the animals were sacrificed and samples were collected and processed for histological evaluation by means of Exakt processing system. To assess the direction of collagen fibers, 10 samples from each group were evaluated in an optical microscope, under the incidence of polarized light. In the external hexagon group were found collagen fibers derived from alveolar epithelium running parallel to the implant and his prosthetic component, in some samples these fibers joined with other groups and drove to the implant threads. Were found Fibers that could be classified as perpendicular in only three samples, located below the implant platform, no insertion signals were observed on cylinder of protection or prosthetic component, just below the implant platform. Around the morse taper group samples were found groups of fibers that ran parallel to the surface of the prosthetic component toward the implant platform. In six samples of this group, were observed fibers that were classified as oblique or perpendicular, laterally distributed to the deepest region of the prosthetic component, showing signs of insertion, were no observed fibers inserting directly to the implant surface. When we look at the values corresponding to both groups, we can observe the predominance of fibers classified as parallel-oblique on group I, with 16 samples, two other samples of this group could be classified as oblique. On group III, the highest prevalence of the samples are classified as oblique, with 11 samples, five other samples of this group can be classified as oblique-perpendicular, the morse taper group showed a mean value of 70.20 degrees to the buccal and 54,73 degrees to the lingual, external hexagon group presented mean values of 19.88 degrees to Buccal and 21.92 degrees to lingual. Based on the methodology used and results, we conclude that the type of prosthetic interface appears to influence the behavior of the tissue and that the stability provided by the implants using conical interface, seems to allow the insertion of collagen fibers directly to the prosthetic component, providing better tissue stability and protection to the implants.
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Paretsis, Nicole Fidalgo. "Avaliação histológica e histomorfométrica da regeneração óssea a partir da utilização de mantas ósseas à base quitosana, hidroxiapatita e colágeno como substituto ósseo em falhas ósseas induzidas em tíbias de ovinos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-26092016-151116/.
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Falhas ósseas são comumente encontradas na medicina veterinária em diferentes enfermidades, principalmente por traumas em grandes animais. Frequentemente faz-se necessário auxiliar este reparo tecidual para melhor correção desta falha. Os biomateriais foram desenvolvidos para cumprir esta função. A fim de avaliar o comportamento celular perante estes substitutos ósseos, a realização de testes in vivo é fundamental. A partir da observação da unidade morfofuncional do tecido é possível avaliar a quantidade e a qualidade do tecido neoformado. Atualmente, em estudos ortopédicos, os ovinos são considerados animais de escolha como modelo experimental. Falhas ósseas foram realizadas experimentalmente em ovinos, onde foram implantados biomateriais à base de quitosana, hidroxiapatita e colágeno. Após 60 dias foi realizada biopsia no local do reparo tecidual e por meio da histomorfometria, da análise descritiva da microscopia de luz e da microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, o tecido neoformado foi avaliado e comparado. Na histomorfometria, não houve diferença significativa quanto à quantidade de tecido neorformado do grupo controle e do grupo com biomaterial, porém quando comparado ao osso pré-existente, retirado no momento da confecção da falha, a área de matriz óssea foi menor. Na descrição da microscopia de luz e em maiores detalhes na análise ultra estrutural, observou-se o biomaterial em contato íntimo com o tecido neoformado, sugerindo boa biocompatibilidade. Foi possível observar o padrão da reparação tecidual, onde o membro controle e o membro com biomaterial não diferiram quanto à arquitetura tecidual, porém nas amostras com o implante do biomaterial foi identificada a presença do mesmo. Todas estas informações sugerem que o biomaterial de estudo apresenta potencial para auxiliar na rotina ortopédica de grandes animais.Bone defects are commonly found in veterinary medicine through different disease such as trauma, especially in large animals. Frequently it is necessary to assist this tissue repair for better regeneration. Biomaterials in general are designed to this function. In order to understand the bone cells in the presence of bone substitutes, tests in vivo are essential for these studies. The quantity and quality of new tissue formation can be assessed by observation of tissue morphofunctional unit. Currently, in orthopedic studies sheep are considerated animals of choice for experimental development. Bone defects were performed experimentally in sheep and were implanted chitosan, hydroxyapatite and collagen biomaterials. After 60 days, biopsy was performed at the site of tissue repair and the new tissue formation was described, evaluated and compared by histomorphometry and electronic transmission microscopy. After hystomorfometry analysis there was no difference between control group and biomaterial group, but when compare with pre-existent tissue, the values are smaller. In descriptive analysis was observed intimate contact with biomaterial and new tissue formation suggesting biocompatibility. It observed the pattern of tissue repair in control group and biomaterial group did not differ in the architecture tissue. However, in the biomaterial group was identified presence of the biomaterial in the specimen. All these data suggest that the biomaterial study has the potential to assistant in orthopedic routine of large animals.
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Barbosa, Roosevelt Passos [UNESP]. "Diferenciação gonadal em Piaractus mesopotamicus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131955.
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Neste estudo, foram avaliados aspectos relacionados ao desempenho zootécnico e caracterização das células germinativas de machos e fêmeas diploides (2n) e triploides (3n) de Astyanax altiparanae. O principal objetivo foi verificar a performance e a possível esterilidade em peixes 3n. No Capítulo I, o crescimento e as características da carcaça foram examinadas. Fêmeas 3n apresentam maiores valores de ácidos graxos saturados e menores de insaturados e poli-insaturados. Adicionalmente, foi verificada uma diminuição no IGS e maior crescimento. Machos triploides apresentaram IGS e crescimento similares em comparação com os machos diploides normais. No Capítulo II o objetivo foi analisar histologicamente as gônadas dos diploides e triploides, e adicionalmente, caracterizar a estrutura das espículas presentes nas nadadeiras pélvicas e anal (característica sexual secundária em machos) e alguns parâmetros seminais (motilidade, concentração e viabilidade, ultraestrutura e ploidia). Machos 3n apresentam espículas nas nadadeiras pélvicas e anal, assim como observado nos diploides. Análise histológica mostrou que fêmeas 2n apresentaram gônadas desenvolvidas com ovócitos vitelogênicos. Por outro lado, fêmeas 3n exibiram gônadas imaturas. As gônadas dos machos 2n e 3n apresentaram morfologia similar, no entanto, machos 2n exibiram maior quantidade espermatozoides. Machos 3n apresentaram menor concentração espermática, motilidade e duração da motilidade. No que se refere à viabilidade espermática, não foi observada diferença significativa (P > 0,05). Em ambas ploidias, os espermatozoides apresentaram ultraestrutura similar e mesmo número de mitocôndrias, com estruturas morfológicas características: cabeça (redonda), peça e flagelo, este com formação tubular típica (9+2). Adicionalmente, a análise de citometria de fluxo mostrou que machos triploides produzem espermatozoides aneuploides (n=1,71). Em conclusão.
In this study, aspects related with growth performance and characterization of the germ cells from diploids (2n) and triploids (3n) males and females of yellow tail tetra Astyanax altiparanae were analyzed. The principal aim was to verify the performance and sterility of 3n fish. In the Chapter I, growth and carcass traits were examined. Female 3n presented high values of saturated fatty acids in comparison with unsaturated and polyunsaturated. Additionally, decreased GSI and better growth performance was verified within triploids. Triploid males presented similar GSI and similar performance parameters in comparison with normal diploid males. In the Chapter II, the aim was to study histologically the gonads of diploids and triploids, and additionally to characterize the spines in the pelvic and anal fins (sexual secondary trait in male), and some sperm parameters (motility, concentration and viability, ultrastructure and ploidy) of 2n and 3n fishes. Triploid males presented spines in the anal fin, similarly as observed in diploids. Histological analysis showed that 2n female present developed gonads with vitelogenic oocytes. On the other hand, 3n female exhibit immature gonads. The gonads of 2n and 3n males presented similar morphology, however, 2n male presented increased amount of spermatozoa. Triploid males also presented decreased sperm concentration, motility and duration of motility. Regarding the sperm viability, no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). In both statuses, the spermatozoa presented similar ultrastructures and same number of mitochondria, with characteristic morphological structures: head (round), midpiece and flagela, which have a typical tubular formation (9+2). Additionally, the flow cytometrycal analysis showed that 3n male produce aneuploid spermatozoa (n=1.71). In conclusion, the triploidization does not ensure sterility in males, however, 3n female (sterile) may be used for aquaculture ...
CNPq: 131296/2013-2
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Menossi, Olívia Cristina Camilo [UNESP]. "Efeito do jejum sobre o desempenho zootécnico, crescimento e degradação muscular e alterações hepáticas de juvenis de pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/134050.
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O pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, é uma espécie de grande importância econômica no Brasil e muitos estudos sobre sua fase inicial já foram conduzidos visando viabilizar o cultivo intensivo dessa espécie. Peixes passam por períodos em jejum, tanto em condições naturais quanto nas de cultivo, ocorrendo a ativação de sistemas proteolíticos ocasionando a degradação do tecido muscular, o que implica na redução da musculatura estriada esquelética, parte mais importante do animal em termos produtivos. Assim, fazem-se necessárias pesquisas visando compreender a formação e degradação do tecido muscular, uma vez que essa é a principal parte comercializada. Nesse estudo, juvenis de pacu com 20,4 ± 0,7 mm de comprimento total e 90,3 ± 4,1 mg de peso médio foram estocados em 20 tanques de 50 L a uma densidade de 10 peixes/L. Três períodos de jejum foram avaliados: J4, J8 e J11, correspondentes a 4, 8 e 11 dias de jejum. Após este período, os peixes foram realimentados por 20 dias com náuplios de artêmia. O controle positivo (ART) foram peixes alimentados com náuplios de artêmia durante todo o período experimental. Amostras para análises biométricas, histológica do fígado e musculo esquelético e de expressão de genes que controlam o crescimento e atrofia muscular foram coletadas no final de cada período de jejum e ao final do experimento. As fibras musculares foram distribuídas nas seguintes classes de diâmetro (d = μm): Classe 10 = d ≤ 10, Classe 20 = 10
The pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, is a species with great economic importance in Brazil and many studies on its initial phase have been conducted to enable the intensive culture of this species. Fish undergo fasting periods, both in natural conditions as in the intensive rearing, causing activation of proteolytic systems due to the breakdown of muscle tissue, which implies the reduction of the skeletal striated muscles of the animal, the edible part of fish. In this way, more research is necessary to understand the formation and breakdown of muscle tissue. In this study, juvenile pacu with 20.4 ± 0.7 mm in total length and 90.3 ± 4.1mg of average weight were stocked in 20 tanks of 50 L at a density of 10 fish/L. The fasting periods evaluated were: J4; J8 and J11, corresponding to 4, 8 and 11 days of fasting. After this period, the fish were refed for 20 days with artemia nauplii. The positive control (ART) was fish fed newly hatched artemia nauplii throughout the experimental period. Samples for growth, histological analysis of liver and muscle fibers and gene expression were collected at the end of each period of fasting and at the end of the experiment. Muscle fibers were distributed into the following diameter classes (d = μm): Class 10 = d ≤ 10, Class 20 = 10
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Barbosa, Roosevelt Passos. "Diferenciação gonadal em Piaractus mesopotamicus /." Jaboticabal, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/131955.
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Orientador: Sergio Ricardo BatlouniCoorientador: Rafael Yutaka Kuradomi
Banca: George Shigueki Yasui
Banca: Laura Satiko Okada
Resumo: Neste estudo, foram avaliados aspectos relacionados ao desempenho zootécnico e caracterização das células germinativas de machos e fêmeas diploides (2n) e triploides (3n) de Astyanax altiparanae. O principal objetivo foi verificar a performance e a possível esterilidade em peixes 3n. No Capítulo I, o crescimento e as características da carcaça foram examinadas. Fêmeas 3n apresentam maiores valores de ácidos graxos saturados e menores de insaturados e poli-insaturados. Adicionalmente, foi verificada uma diminuição no IGS e maior crescimento. Machos triploides apresentaram IGS e crescimento similares em comparação com os machos diploides normais. No Capítulo II o objetivo foi analisar histologicamente as gônadas dos diploides e triploides, e adicionalmente, caracterizar a estrutura das espículas presentes nas nadadeiras pélvicas e anal (característica sexual secundária em machos) e alguns parâmetros seminais (motilidade, concentração e viabilidade, ultraestrutura e ploidia). Machos 3n apresentam espículas nas nadadeiras pélvicas e anal, assim como observado nos diploides. Análise histológica mostrou que fêmeas 2n apresentaram gônadas desenvolvidas com ovócitos vitelogênicos. Por outro lado, fêmeas 3n exibiram gônadas imaturas. As gônadas dos machos 2n e 3n apresentaram morfologia similar, no entanto, machos 2n exibiram maior quantidade espermatozoides. Machos 3n apresentaram menor concentração espermática, motilidade e duração da motilidade. No que se refere à viabilidade espermática, não foi observada diferença significativa (P > 0,05). Em ambas ploidias, os espermatozoides apresentaram ultraestrutura similar e mesmo número de mitocôndrias, com estruturas morfológicas características: cabeça (redonda), peça e flagelo, este com formação tubular típica (9+2). Adicionalmente, a análise de citometria de fluxo mostrou que machos triploides produzem espermatozoides aneuploides (n=1,71). Em conclusão.
Abstract: In this study, aspects related with growth performance and characterization of the germ cells from diploids (2n) and triploids (3n) males and females of yellow tail tetra Astyanax altiparanae were analyzed. The principal aim was to verify the performance and sterility of 3n fish. In the Chapter I, growth and carcass traits were examined. Female 3n presented high values of saturated fatty acids in comparison with unsaturated and polyunsaturated. Additionally, decreased GSI and better growth performance was verified within triploids. Triploid males presented similar GSI and similar performance parameters in comparison with normal diploid males. In the Chapter II, the aim was to study histologically the gonads of diploids and triploids, and additionally to characterize the spines in the pelvic and anal fins (sexual secondary trait in male), and some sperm parameters (motility, concentration and viability, ultrastructure and ploidy) of 2n and 3n fishes. Triploid males presented spines in the anal fin, similarly as observed in diploids. Histological analysis showed that 2n female present developed gonads with vitelogenic oocytes. On the other hand, 3n female exhibit immature gonads. The gonads of 2n and 3n males presented similar morphology, however, 2n male presented increased amount of spermatozoa. Triploid males also presented decreased sperm concentration, motility and duration of motility. Regarding the sperm viability, no significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). In both statuses, the spermatozoa presented similar ultrastructures and same number of mitochondria, with characteristic morphological structures: head (round), midpiece and flagela, which have a typical tubular formation (9+2). Additionally, the flow cytometrycal analysis showed that 3n male produce aneuploid spermatozoa (n=1.71). In conclusion, the triploidization does not ensure sterility in males, however, 3n female (sterile) may be used for aquaculture ...
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