Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Histoire, sociologie et philosophie des sciences'
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Bouilloud, Jean-Philippe. "La réception de la sociologie par l'épistémologie des sciences de la nature." Paris 7, 1995. https://buadistant.univ-angers.fr/login?url=https://www.cairn.info/sociologie-et-societe--9782130486312.htm.
Classical epistemology, since bacon, poincare and until popper, studied mainly nature's sciences. Therefore, it has been unable to take into account the specificity of the social sciences, often considered as unscientific from the justification point of view. The point is that sociology develops a specific link with its subject, unlike the nature's sciences : sociology speak to us about us, and its production is for the whole society, not only the scientific world, and it takes in charge of the problems that belongs to the actuality of the social world. Because of this, sociology is not a mere physics of the social world, nore a simple history of the contemporary world : it is dedicated, in a certain way, to the expectations of society, and the whole history of sociology demonstrates this. Therefore, classical approach es like popperian critical rationalism or even sociology of sciences have to be completed by a specific analysis of this double link between sociology and society : following the works of gadamer, habermas and jauss, and through a phenomenological approach, it is what we propose under the name of epistemology of reception
Gonthier, Frédéric. "L' esprit sociologique et son destin." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05H047.
This is not an attempt to solve the inherent complexity of sociology which is a plurality of theoretical views on social phenomena. From an analysis of classical texts, the aim is to consider sociology as a fundamental element giving mankind the possibility to assimilate the meaning of its community and to organize itself in the world. The genesis of sociology is linked to modernity, which represents a symbolical and imaginary space characterized by the assumption of mankind to the origin of sense and, therefore, by a permanent division of society with itself. Against the principle of this division, the sociological tradition erects a principle of reconciliation. It sets itself up as allowing a social conscience that could completely be founded in the scientifical objectivity it defines. The knowledge of social phenomena is supposed for manking to master its own world of meaning. (. . . )
Flipo, Fabrice. "Statut et portée de l'écologie politique : Contribution à une anthropologie de la globalisation et de la modernité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957817.
Klein, Alexandre. "Du corps médical au corps du sujet. Etude historique et philosophique du problème de la subjectivité dans la médecine française moderne et contemporaine." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00943709.
Barbié, Olivier. "Convergences entre économie et sociologie autour du concept de réseau social." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00612275.
Omarjee, Ismaël. "Aspects de la relation entre science de l'univers et spiritualité dans l'histoire de la pensée : Isaac Newton et Georges Lemaître. La quête de la vérité." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991210.
Ducourant, Sam. "Bien-être en cage : normes juridiques, disciplines scientifiques et système technique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLE007.
Animal welfare is the name of a tension between the production of norms and the production of knowledge. Through the study of the interactions between science, politics and factory farming, this dissertation sheds light on the concrete operators of non-human exploitation, conceptualized as a power system (dispositif). To write the history of battery cages from the early 20th century to the 1980s, I go through a wide range of unpublished archives, hubs between science and its world (institutional archives, technical reports, scientific publications, masscirculation newspapers, legal texts, patents, industrial regulations). I describe the constitution of animal welfare disciplines, i.e. their history, the elements and relationships that make them up, and the rules that govern them. I question the distinction between norm, knowledge and commodities production : they work together as operators of animal exploitation, but could possibly act as counterweights against it
Barbié, Olivier. "Convergences entre économie et sociologie autour du concept de réseau social." Phd thesis, Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010050.
Delmotte, Florence. "La question de l'Etat dans la sociologie historique de Norbert Elias: enjeux épistémologiques et politiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210763.
Charlotte, Pollet. "Comparaison des pratiques algebriques de la Chine et de l'Inde medievales." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770493.
Roux, Sophie. "Recherches sur la philosophie naturelle à l'âge classique. Vol. I, Mémoire de synthèse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00806476.
Montanaro, Mara. "Françoise Collin : La révolution permanente d'une pensée discontinue." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00974109.
Flipo, Fabrice. "En quoi la crise environnementale contribue-telle à renouveler la question de la justice ? Le cas du changement climatique." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957797.
Mazaleigue-Labaste, Julie. "" Histoire de la perversion sexuelle. Émergence et transformations du concept de perversion sexuelle dans la psychiatrie de 1797 à 1912 "." Phd thesis, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780176.
Pigeard-Micault, Natalie. "Charles Adolphe Wurtz, doyen de l'École de médecine de Paris (1866-1875)." Phd thesis, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910297.
Robette, Nicolas. "De l'espace de vie à l'espace d'une vie : décrire les espaces de vie individuels." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360203.
La mise en œuvre empirique de la description d'espaces de vie en démographie nécessite deux étapes préalables : délimiter les contours de l'espace de vie étudié, selon les différentes dimensions qui le caractérisent, et trouver les corpus de données spécifiques nécessaires.
Plusieurs types d'espaces de vie sont ainsi explorés et des indicateurs à même de les synthétiser dans une approche quantitative sont proposés. Ces espaces sont tout d'abord définis à un moment donné. Néanmoins, l'espace et le temps se combinent. D'une part, les lieux qui constituent les espaces de vie changent. D'autre part, les espaces de vie évoluent au fil de la trajectoire des individus. La complexité de la succession de ces transformations amène à envisager des trajectoires, de manière globale, qui forment ce que l'on peut appeler l'espace de toute une vie. Leur analyse nécessite de recourir à des méthodes adaptées : des approches novatrices de construction de typologies de trajectoires.
Baillot, Anne. "Genèse et réception de la pensée esthétique de K.W.F. Solger entre 1800 et 1830." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783069.
Maronne, Sebastien. "La théorie des courbes et des équations dans la Géométrie cartésienne : 1637-1661. [version corrigée]." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00203094.
Maronne, Sebastien. "La théorie des courbes et des équations dans la Géométrie cartésienne : 1637-1661. [version déposée]." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204125.
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876157.
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal." Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00876157.
This Ph-D thesis develops the twofold history of the notions of "race" and "degeneration" between the XVIIth and the XIXth century. This history is studied from two points of view: historical epistemology that is "how race and degeneration became the concepts of various knowledges (natural history, anthropology, psychiatry)"; and history of government practices, that is "how race and degeneration became problems government". Focusing on the historical link between these notions gives us the possibility to analyze the emergence, in the XIXth century, of a field of knowledge that dealt with what we call the "abnormal mar that is this very specific entity which agglomerates madness, criminality and "inferior" races as deviations human normality, in an ambiguous space between the normal and the pathological. Our thesis describes the various categories that organise this field of knowledge. More deeply, we want to argue that the notions race and degeneration, far from being external to humanism and universalism, far from being systematical correlated to practices of exclusion, are intimately connected to a practical and theoretical humanism and practices of inclusion, that deal with race, madness and crime as alterations of a norm one has to regenerate correct and improve through specific apparatus of power. Through this historical lens, we want to study ; the ambiguities and aporias that lurk in the very heart of this will of inclusion and this analysis heterogeneous realities as alterations of a norm. We show in particular how we can establish a very stronglink between the insertion of the concept of "race" into natural history and monogenism; and, on the other side, how it is important to study the insertion of "race" into the political field and, more broadly, the emergence of the knowledge of the abnormal, to take into consideration its logical links with political liberalism in the beginning of XIXth century
Llored, Jean-Pierre. "Chimie, chimie quantique et concept d'émergence : étude d'une mise en relation." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00922954.
Raynaud, Philippe. "Comprehension et politique dans l'oeuvre de max weber." Reims, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987REIMD001.
The purpose of this work, starting from a systematic reconstruction max weber's thought, is to analyse the situation created by the development of social sciences, through the study of the relationships between political philosophy and social sciences, and of the transformation of the principles of legitimacy inherited from democratic and liberal modern philosophy. The introduction shows how, since the origins of modern politics, appears an opposition between two conceptions of political theory (the "political technology" of hobbes and the "historical hermeneutics" of vico), which sutbends, still today, the contemporary discussion, in order to define the specific place of max weber in the history of modern political thought. The first part reconstitutes the philosophical background of max weber's sociology, by showing the anti-speculative implications of his epistemology, which belongs to the kantian tradition, and by analysing the place of his work within the tradition of the human sciences ("geistes-wissenschaften"). The second part treats the weberian problematic of rationalisation. First, is proposed a reconstruction of the systematic architectonic of weber's theory, through a critical examination of some great interpretations (r. Aron, j. Habermas, a. Schutz) and then, an analysis of his political thought, considered as a dialectical wiew of the modern reason. Are analysed afterwards the limits of weber's thought and the conflicts which are dividing his posterity. The conclusion shows the coherence of max weber's work, and its fondamental value for the contemporary political thought, which comes from the fact that it articulates the sociology of domination and the analysis of legitimacy
Calberac, Yann. "Terrains de géographes, géographes de terrain. Communauté et imaginaire disciplinaires au miroir des pratiques de terrain des géographes français du XXe siècle." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00551481.
Morin, Olivier. "La transmission culturelle : questions philosophiques et méthodes quantitatives dans l'étude des traditions." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0057.
Why are there traditions - ideas and practices whose diffusion reaches far and wide in time or space, by way of transmission from one individual to others ? Cognitive approaches of culture have focused above all on the mechanisms that ensure accurate transmission - like teaching, imitation or memorisation. This work explores another possibility : a tradition's diffusion does not depend on the faithfulness with which it is transmitted or retained. Its chief cause is the quantity of transmission episodes that a given tradition is able to provoke. In order to reach this conclusion, the dissertation combines questions coming from the philosophy of social sciences with a range of quantitative methods : the experimental method as used by psychologists, mathematical modelling, and quantitative cultural history. One of its conclusions is that the main mechanism of cultural transmission used in our species is not imitation, nor teaching, but communication. Communication rests on our (possibly unique) ability to understand recursive intentions and make them manifest. It is not particularly faithful. How can a tradition be widely diffused when its transmission lacks fidelity? A theory is presented, that specities in which conditions a great quantity of transmission episodes may compensate the poor quality of the transmission mechanisms used at each step. We have used it, for example, to propose a quantitative model that explains the conservation of traditions in children's peer cultures
Heintz, Christophe. "Cognition scientifique et évolution culturelle : outils théoriques pour incorporer les études cognitives aux études sociales de la science." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00145899.
Quet, Mathieu. "Politiques du savoir : une approche communicationnelle des rapports entre sciences, technologies et participation en France (1968-1983)." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00808650.
Pouvreau, David. "Une histoire de la "systémologie générale" de Ludwig von Bertalanffy - Généalogie, genèse, actualisation et postérité d'un projet herméneutique." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00804157.
Tinel, Bruno. "ORIGINES ET FONCTIONS DE LA HIERARCHIE : TRENTE ANS DE DEBATS, 1968 - 1998." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935771.
Moatti, Alexandre. "Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843) : un mathématicien, théoricien de la mécanique appliquée." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00645154.
Fugier, Pascal. "Dits et écrits de sociologues et d'apprentis sociologues : histoire de vie et prise de positions sociologiques." Besançon, 2010. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01682100.
From a body of sociological writings, interviews and life stories, we study the family resemblances, affinities of style but also the inconsistencies, contradictions or even unspoken passing between, one hand, experiences biographical of "apprentices sociologists’’ and their respective supervisors and, on the other hand, their research experiences and sociological stances. We put in evidence the fact that dispositions (ethnographic, scholastic. . . ) are interposed between these two forms of experience, structuring and mediating their reciprocal influences. Correspondingly, we argue that registers of identification (symbolic, imaginary and real) also circulate between the history of life of (apprentices) sociologists and their sociological stances. So, these registers of identification can be translated into various dispositions (critical, skeptical and paranoid), which structured also forms of subjugation (for which the sociologist can be a subject of "Other of culture" and "culture of narcissism "or its sociohistorical situation). However, these registers can also participate in the event of their subjectivity. Moreover, this research reveals that various epistemological tensions between teachers 'established' and 'outsiders' of the section studied, especially based on their dispositional differences. The process by which apprentice sociologists incorporate this configuration and meet his professorial figures (symbolic and imaginary) may take the form of gradual entry into an "order of discourse"
Moulin, Anne-Marie. "Histoire du système immunitaire : immunologie et médecine (1880-1984)." Lyon 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO31014.
The history of immunology was until recently a meglected field. This thesis is an attempt to redress that neglect by focusing on certain landmarks and to show that immunology as a fully-fledged science developed only in the 1960s. Two central ideas will be explored : - the first is that the history of immunology can be summarized by the shift from an empirical knowledge of immunity to the science of the immune system ; - the second is that the whole history of immunology pivots around its link with medicine. The thesis attempts to argue that immunology only achieved its auto- nomy by focusing on the idea of immune system. This choice epitomized the requirements of the new biology of the 1930s (when molecular biology started), namely emphasis on the holistic approach with the importance it attaches to organization and regulation. General immunology provides a frame work for the interpretation of immunological phenomena in a medical context and elaborates a model of causality which it applies to the understanding of disease. The lusive nature of the historical relationship between biology and medicine is brought here into sharp focus. Medicine usually achieves its so-called revolutions by adopting a new scientific language that enables it to reformulate its scope and reorientate its methods of investigation. The relationship of medicine with biology may be defined as a dialectical linguistic relationship. Using the available material on scientific net- works and institutions, this thesis aims to contribute to applied epistemolo gy and the philosophy of medicine and to promote the linguistic approach to the constitution of a new scientific field, irrespective of the traditional opposition between social and physicochemical sciences, between theoretical and applied sciences
Ben, Saïd Cherni Zeïneb. "Biologie, sociologie et histoire des sciences chez Auguste Comte." Paris 7, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA070090.
Sanchez, Pascal. "Les théories explicatives de la magie : les sciences sociales à l'épreuve d'une croyance collective." Paris 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA040174.
Magic makes up an interesting range of observation in order to study the explanatory mechanisms of the theories in a field that is as fundamental as the understanding of collective beliefs. At first reading, the disputes which have stirred anthropology and sociology circles reveal a myriad of miscellaneous, even contradictory opinions. Actually, this complexity is apparent in so far as magic has roused three major questions. The first one is concerned with the definition of magic worked out in relation with religion and science. Then the second bears on the different psychological, social and cognitive functions which magic exerts on people. The third one aims at identifying in what conditions of time and space magical beliefs change. Thus these debates provide a leading thread and offer the possibility to compare the explanatory power of theories with an apparently irrational belief. Among the various formulations taken up by anthropology and sociology, only one seems to be able to meet the criteria of a good theory. Explaining magic is to restore the reasons which lead believers to adhere to subjectively founded representations, is then to restore a point of view which leads a believer to convince himself of the consistency and the empirical validity of his representations. This approach to magical belief can be especially detected in the writings of Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and E. E. Evans-Prichard; these writings associating an extensive description of the context in which magic is inserted to a sharp and complex analysis to the cognitive factors contributing to bringing people to this belief
Dehdouh, Rachid. "Histoire et philosophie des sciences biologiques et médicales chez Georges Canguilhem." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/122023617#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Georges Canguilhem (1904-1995) inspiring of Nietzsche’s philosophy and Merleau-ponty’s phenomenology developed a biologic anthropology distinguishing the being in general and the human being at last as a: rationality, a vital power and a wisdom. This anthropology of life and “corporeity” is characterized according canguilhem by two essentials and complementary aspects: the first is: its reject with all normality wanting to imposed the being at conventional norms under the form of disciplines charged to regulate its diverse activities: physiology, psychology, and sociology. The second aspect resided in the restitution in the body living, the human being in particular. His essence battered by a technique and scientific tenancy. This “corporeity” manifested a creative normativity that escape from all norms or pre-established value. The being with its variations, multiciplity, individuality and creations doesn’t give the opportunity for a normalisates studies, except in its mechanicals and physical-chemical dimensions. In reach of this corporeity which is it a creation, a reason and wisdom
Hiernaux, Quentin. "Individuation et philosophie du végétal." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/269874.
Doctorat en Philosophie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Morin, Dominique. "Esprit, origines et fondation de la sociologie positive : Penser la liberté de l'homme en société dans la nature et l'histoire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27704/27704.pdf.
In the perspective of researchers developing a science, the foundation is presented as the imaginary solution to four enigmas regarding the unity and progress of their work: 1- Its foundation is the stable source of the principles of a science that remain throughout its development. 2- It provides a common finality of the individual developments of its research. 3- It contrasts from previous schools of thought by defining the project of an original and more desirable one. 4- It introduces the distinctive characteristics of a research, emphasizing that the knowledge it brings is worth it. In sociology, there is general agreement about sociology having a beginning, only no one agrees on the works that make it, nor the time it all started. By comparing the works of Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim with other works since Aristotle, we explore those four enigmas and even a fifth one that is specific to sociology: 5- The foundation of sociology initiates an organisation of research that is incompatible with the kuhnian model of normal science.
OSSAH, EBOTO CHARLES. "Science et histoire des sciences dans la philosophie des sciences du positivisme logique." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010664.
In logical positivism, the whole processes of modern science are the paradigm on which philosophy has to model itself, from galilee to einstein. This approach to science as a philosophical paradigm takes no account of the way theories are built. What matters for logical empirism is the process of reconstruction in the framework of objective science. Indeed, within science, there is ample room for conceptual clarification. This is a philosophical work to be done by science itself. Philosophy is called upon to assume this rebuilding task, which is rational from outside. As a consequence, logical empirism is not relevant to science as a historical process. Only the context of justification is a matter for science philosophy, considered as the logic of sciences. The context of discovery is concerned with science sociology and psychology
Chabas-Bues, Christiane. "Histoire du concept de Mole (1869-1969) : à la croisée des disciplines physique et chimie." Paris 10, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA100041.
Poizat, Jean-Claude. "Les intellectuels juifs français contemporains : l'invention d'une nouvelle pensée juive en France aujourd'hui (1967-2010) : sociologie, histoire, politique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0029.
“The ante-Semite blames the Jew for being Jewish; the democrat would gladly blame him for considering himself to be Jewish. Between his enemy and his supporter, the Jew appears to be in pretty bad shape. It seems that the only thing he can choose is the way he will be tricked”. Has the situation changed a lot since the time when Jean-Paul Sartre was writing these lines, just after World War II? In France, since the start of the new century, we have observed the unexpectingly forceful reemergence of a “Jewish question”, a question we thought belonged to past days for good. And, like in the days of Sartre, some Jewish and non-Jewish intellectuals have picked up the question to discuss it in public. Yet, one difference is blindingly obvious today: some Jewish intellectuals won’t make do with choosing “the way they will be tricked” any more. Thus, a significant number of contemporary French Jewish intellectuals, whatever their political views, won’t conceal their”identity”, their “judaism” or their “judeity” behind the abstract and universal subject of human and civil rights any longer (though a few “democrats” in the Sartrian sense of the word still encourage them to do so from time to time). What does this imply? That these "newcomers" in the French intellectual debate are not as universalist as their senior? That they have "betrayed" the cause of the "scholars", which is so dear to Julien Benda? What has happened? How can we understand this change? What is the meaning of it and what is at stake? We intend to devote ourselves to this set of questions
Baroudi, Abdallah. "Thèse sur travaux : pour le doctorat d'Etat de Sociologie et de Sciences Humaines." Paris 5, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA05H018.
Safou, Jean-Aimé. "Les reconstructions rationnelles et les apories méthodologiques en histoire des sciences." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10104.
Fouquet, Gérard. ""Les arts martiaux" : histoire, aspects, rapports avec le sport et l'éducation physique." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010522.
Kouneiher, Joseph. "Etudes épistémologiques et histoire récente de la gravitation quantique." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070119.
In the most recent reviews of quantum gravity it is acknowledged that there is as yet no successful and generally accepted framework for this discipline, despite the multitude of schemes for quantizing gravity that have been proposed since 1949. These schemes exhibit a remarkable variety of formally distinctive features, but epistemologically they all share one crucial feature: the problem of quantizing gravity is approached on purely formal grounds, as if it were a problem of mere mathematical technique which, once resolved, would automatically provide the solution to the plethora of foundational problems encountered by quantum general relativity. From a foundational perspective, however, the basic issues are not quite that simple. Our aim in this work is to reconsider the different attitudes and the thought processes involving in the quantum gravity subject from either epistemological and historical point of view. We show that the epistemological weakenesses of the conventional mode of thinking about these issues are well illustrated by the various treatements of the oldest scheme for quantizing gravity. We discuss the meaning of gravity, the quantum idea and the geometry behind. We analyse the geometric quantization program , we clarify the problems inherent in the two approaches of quantum gravity, the canonical and the covariant one. We review the limit of the application of general relativity and we inspect the question of observables, unitarity, causality and time in quantum gravity. Finally, we tried to elucidate the duality between general relativity and quantum mechanics
Simont, Juliette. "Gérard Lebrun et les Critiques de Kant: structuralisme et histoire de la philosophie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210697.
Lambert, Jacques. "Le chirurgien de papier : études d'histoire et de philosophie de l'hygiène." Paris 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA010643.
The epistemological study (first part) is carried out to define different notions of hygiene and associated problems starting from an analysis of health administration indicators. The cultural and natural philosophical problems of hygiene are discussed. Two principal philosophical and historical traditions are in opposition. Medico-philosophical hygiene (2nd part), codified by Galen, is based on an "essentialist" concept of health and philosophy of nature, of carefulness practice, sobriety and equilibrium. Collective hygiene, (third part) on the contrary, the result of epidemies and the joint efforts of the police and medical profession, is based on the notion of the health of the population, and cultural philosophy, measurements of needs, protection and a social concept of risk. The tendancy is to put the accent on salubrity rather than health, with ecological repercussions nowadays, and on security, with immuno-genetic repercussions (going from prevention to prediction). What part (reduced but essential, an illusion but inevitable) remains for personal participation in public health (an idea that was unthinkable in itself), placed between the administration of both our human and planetary inheritance?
Karsenti, Bruno. "Sociologie, anthropologie et philosophie dans l'oeuvre de marcel mauss contribution a une reflexion sur les rapports de la philosophie et des sciences humaines." Lille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIL30006.
This dissertation is a study of the work of the french sociologist marcel mauss, which gives this work a double status : it is both the main source and the symptom of a general theoretical seachange and a whole reformulation of the relation between human sciences and philosophy. The first part of the thesis defines in historical terms the object of the analysis : specific epistemological setting wich emerges at the begining of the xxth century from those three lines constitued by philosophy, anthropology and sociology. The originality of mauss' project is then studied following tow directions : first, a close examination of the social-psychic relation, overcoming the implied dualism of the individual and the collective. Second, a study of the development of linguistic, and its relation to the study of social phenomena. Closing the examination is a study of the theoretical core of the whole maussian approach, the concept of symbolism, wich is illustrated with the study of the gift phenomenon. The thesis includes a bibliography and an index of names
Gomez, Quiles Maria Luisa. "La généralisation de la créativité : le rapport entre rupture du quotidien aliéné et créativité sociale." Caen, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CAEN1132.
Dupuis-Mc, Donald Grégorie. "Entre logique et histoire : la place du contexte de découverte en philosophie des sciences." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33852.
Li, Vigni Guido Fabrizio. "Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH134/document.
How to think the relationship between contemporary scientific cultures and the rising usage of computer in the production of knowledge ? This thesis offers to give an answer to such a question, by analyzing historically and sociologically a scientific domain founded by the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) in the 1980s in the United States : the « complex systems sciences » (CSS). Become well-known thanks to popular books and articles, CSS have spread in Europe and in other countries of the world in the course of the 1990s and the 2000s. This work proposes a history of the foundation of this domain, by focussing on the SFI and on the French Complex Systems National Network. With a sociological take rooted into Science & Technology Studies and into pragmatism, it then asks some questions about the socio-epistemic status of such a domain, about the modalities of production of evidence as they are employed in the context of digital simulation and, finally, about the epistemic engagements hold by complexity specialists. Empirical material – composed by circa 200 interviews, several thousands archival pages and a small number of laboratory visits – allows us not only to improve knowledge about this field – whose language is very common today, but little studied by historians and sociologists ; it also brings us to question three current opinions in the human and social sciences literature regarding digital sciences. That is : 1) that the computer produces more and more interdisciplinary knowledge, 2) that it gives birth to a new type of knowledge which needs an entirely new epistemology to be well understood and 3) that it inevitably brings about neoliberal visions of the world. Now, this thesis deconstructs these three forms of technological determinism concerning the effects of computer on scientific practices, by showing firstly that, in digital sciences, the interdisciplinary collaborations are not made without any effort and in a symetrical and pacific way ; secondly, that CSS’ researchers mobilize a kind of evidence production techniques which are well known in other disciplines ; and, thirdly, that scientists’ epistemic engagements can take (neo)liberal forms, but also other forms that depart from neoliberalism or that stand against it